004857   Zhang H;Xiong W;Zhang S;He Q;Kong F (Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation Dep, Science and Technology of China Univ, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China, Email: zhbzhbyr@gmail.com) : Nonstationary weak signal detection bases on normalization stochastic resonance with varying parameters. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 621-32.

The nonlinear stochastic resonance system possesses the ability of taking advantage of background noise to enhance the weak signal. It provides a new approach to detect the weak signal embedded with heavy noise. This study proposes a new varying parameter stochastic resonance employing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method as well as the normalized transformation of a bistable stochastic resonance system. The model performs well in the detection of a time-varying signal with background noise for denoising and signal recovery. We take the fitness coefficient and cross-correlation coefficient as the criteria and analyze the influence of different parameters. The simulating results indicate its availability, validity and that it generates a better performance than the traditional stochastic resonance. The method develops the area of time-varying signal detection with stochastic resonance and presents new strategy for detection and denoising of a time-varying signal. It can be expected to be widely used in the areas of aperiodic signal processing, radar communication, etc.

11 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

004856   Wanjari S P;Dobariya G (Civil Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440 010, Email: swapnil_wanjari@yahoo.co.in) : Identifying factors causing cost overrun of the construction projects in India. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 679-93.

Delay and cost overrun are common phenomena in projects worldwide. However, these are especially severe in developing countries. In India as per MOSPI report, 235 projects out of 410 were severely affected cost overran due to certain factors. A short questionnaire was conducted with 15 prominent factors responsible for cost overrun and forwarded to 190 constructional professionals across India. Total 85 responses were received and it was analyzed using various statistical tools such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and factor analysis tool using SPSS. In this study, top three factors affecting cost overruns were identified such as price escalation of raw material, delay in planned activity and lack of co-ordination between construction parties which could be significantly responsible for cost overnun of construction project in India. Factor analysis method was also carried out to group the factors into three components of overall questionnaire. These components, such as client control component, project management component, and contractor control component, would be useful to the various parties involved in the construction activities. This paper also provides suggestive frameworks which have been framed after discussing with large number of construction professionals or expert.

4 illus, 14 tables, 32 ref

004855   Wang J;Shi J;Jiang T (State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing-100 081, China, Email: cwjzwang@bit.edu.cn) : Low acceleration overload Catapult technique for throwing the small scout robot. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 504-8.

The small scout robot is generally thrown into the war zone by soldier. The short thrown distance and the danger of soldier exposed to the enemy limit the application of the small scout robot. So this paper presents a type of low acceleration overload catapult device of no flash, no smoke and no sound. It can throw the small scout robot covertly to long distances with low acceleration overload, and avoid the danger that soldier be exposed to the enemy when artificial throwing. The high and low pressure chambers of the catapult device achieve the low acceleration overload launching, and eliminate the risk of robot damaged by huge acceleration overload. The covert launching of no flash, no smoke and no sound is achieved by the piston to seal the gun propellant gas in barrel. Based on the interior ballistic model, the interior ballistic performance is calculated. The experiment for measuring the acceleration overload of the projectile is achieved by using the catapult device prototype and the measurement system developed by authors. The simulation and test results show that this catapult device can meet the requirement to throw the small scout robot into the war zone.

7 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

004854   Vinod P;Francis R;Prabhasuthan P;Nandagopan O R (NO, Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Kochi-682 021, Email: rony12354@yahoo.com) : Depth enhancement of an underwater towed system using hydrodynamic depressor. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 546-51.

The underwater towed system described here consists of tow cables, a towed body, an acoustic module and tail rope towed behind a surface ship. The required depth at a particular speed of the towing ship is obtained by paying out specified length of cable from the winch. However the excessive drag forces on the various components of the towed system results in unpractically large values of cable length, especially at higher speeds. A hydrodynamic depressor is designed to improve the depth performance. The design is evolved based on numerical analysis and towing tank tests. Estimation of depth attained is carried out based on steady state theory of tow cables. Validation of the numerical analysis results is carried out through field evaluation of depressor performance during sea trial of the towed system.

14 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

004853   Vineet Kumar;Singh O P (NO, PTU, Jalandhar) : Review study to minimize the make span time for job shop scheduling of manufacturing industry by different optimization method. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 86-94.

Scheduling is one of the most important issues in the planning and operation of manufacturing system, and scheduling has gained much attention increasingly in the recent years. The flexible job shop scheduling problem (JSP) is one of the most difficult problems in this area. It consists of scheduling a set of jobs on a set of machines with the objective to minimize a certain make span time. Each machine is continuously available from time zero, processing one operation at a time without preemption. Each job has a specified processing order on the machine which are fixed and known in advance. Moreover, a processing time is also fixed and known. Different researcher use different algorithms to optimize the make span time. In this paper study has been focused on the different algorithms to optimize the make span time. Now a day's different algorithms that are used are Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Neural Network, Ant Colony Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization.

15 ref

004852   Venkata S K;Roy B K (Instrumentation and Control Engineering Dep, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal-576 104, Email: kv.santhu@gmail.com) : Practically validated intelligent calibration circuit using optimized ANN for flow measurement by benturi. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 31-9.

Design of an intelligent flow measurement technique using venturi flow meter is reported in this paper. The objectives of the present work are: (1) to extend the linearity range of measurement to 100% of full scale input range, (2) to make the measurement technique adaptive to variations in discharge coefficient, diameter ratio of venturi nozzle and pipe (β), liquid density, and liquid temperature, and (3) to achieve the objectives (1) and (2) using an optimized neural network. The output of venturi flow meter is differential pressure. It is converted to voltage by using a suitable data conversion unit. A suitable optimized artificial neural network (ANN) is added, in place of conventional calibration circuit. ANN is trained, tested with simulated data considering variations in discharge coefficient, diameter ratio between venturi nozzle and pipe, liquid density, and liquid temperature. The proposed technique is then subjected to practical data for validation. Results show that the proposed technique has fulfilled the objectives.

11 illus, 7 tables, 33 ref

004851   Veena M G;Renukappa N M;Shivakumar K N; Seetharamu S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysuru-570 006, Email: veenamaheshn@gmail.com) : Dielectric properties of nanosilica filled epoxy nanocomposites. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 407-14.

This paper presents the development of epoxy-silica nanocomposites and characterized for dielectric properties. The effect of nanosilica loading (0-20 wt%), frequency, temperature and sea water aging on these properties was studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the samples showed an excellent dispersion. However, at higher silica loading TEM showed inter-contactity of the particles. The dielectric constant (ε') increased with silica loading and reached an optimum at about 10 wt%. The ε' of the nanocomposites showed linear decrease with frequency whereas AC conductivity (σ_ac) increases. The σ_ac and ε' increased marginally with temperature and sea water aging.

6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

004850   Vasumathi M;Vela Murali (Engineering Design Div, Mechanical Engineering Dep, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: vasumathi@annauniv.edu) : Methods to enhance adhesiveness between metal and fibre reinforced polymer layers in carbon-jute reinforced aluminium laminates. J Polym Mater 2016, 33(1), 53-62.

In general, polymer composites have no problem of interfacial bonding. But when a Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) layer is interfaced with metal layer in a Fibre Metal Laminate (FML), adhesion between metal and FRP is always challenging. In this work, two methods are suggested to address this problem in a FML, CAJRALL (Carbon-Jute Reinforced Aluminium Laminate). Firstly, aluminium is given different surface treatments to increase its surface roughness prior to manufacture of the FML; secondly, the existing matrix is replaced with another matrix system to enhance the inter laminar adhesion. In both the cases, the Inter Laminar Shear Strength (ILSS) is evaluated as a measure of bonding between the metal and FRP. Grit blasting is found to be the best surface treatment technique for improved adhesion which is demonstrated through micro structural analysis and epoxy resin when coupled with Amino Propyltriethoxy Silane (APS), is used as matrix enhances inter laminar adhesion.

7 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

004849   Varughese A (NO, Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi-110 016) : Application of remote operated vehicle as a post construction instrumentation for an existing dam- a case study. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 8-13.

Civil engineering structures of hydroelectric project such as dam, water intake, trashrack of penstocks, etc. are usually submerged; and there are few effective methods for their inspection. Monitoring of the health of dams is paramount as the failure of such structures will have disastrous consequences by way of loss of life, property and on account of heavy expenditure towards its repair and rehabilitation. Regular safety appraisal of dam and its appurtenant structures is considered essentially by dam safety committees. Monitoring of dam can be carried out in many ways such as Visual inspections, Instrumentation, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Underwater Inspection using divers and Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV). This paper presents case study of underwater scanning of a dam using the Remote Operated Vehicle.

8 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

004848   Usha K;Sankar K J (Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao Engineering College, Hyderabad-501 510, Email: u_kamle@yahoo.com) : Performance analysis of new binary user codes for DS-CDMA communication. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 61-7.

This paper analyzes new binary spreading codes through correlation properties and also presents their performance over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The proposed codes are constructed using gray and inverse gray codes. In this paper, a n-bit gray code appended by its n-bit inverse gray code to construct the 2n-length binary user codes are discussed. Like Walsh codes, these binary user codes are available in sizes of power of two and additionally code sets of length 6 and their even multiples are also available. The simple construction technique and generation of code sets of different sizes are the salient features of the proposed codes. Walsh codes and gold codes are considered for comparison in this paper as these are popularly used for synchronous and asynchronous multi user communications respectively. In the current work the auto and cross correlation properties of the proposed codes are compared with those of Walsh codes and gold codes. Performance of the proposed binary user codes for both synchronous and asynchronous direct sequence CDMA communication over AWGN channel is also discussed in this paper. The proposed binary user codes are found to be suitable for both synchronous and asynchronous DS-CDMA communication.

8 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref

004847   Upadhyay R;Vyavahare P D;Tokekar S (Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Dep, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Email: raksha_upadhyay@yahoo.co.in) : Collision resolution scheme with offset for improved performance of heterogeneous WLAN. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 47-54.

CSMA/CA based DCF of 802.11 MAC layer employs best effort delivery model, in which all stations compete for channel access with same priority. Heterogeneous conditions result in unfairness among stations and degradation in throughput, therefore, providing different priorities to different applications for required quality of service in heterogeneous networks is challenging task. This paper proposes a collision resolution scheme with a novel concept of introducing offset, which is suitable for heterogeneous networks. Selection of random value by a station for its contention with offset results in reduced probability of collision. Expression for the optimum value of the offset is also derived. Results show that proposed scheme, when applied to heterogeneous networks, has improved throughput and fairness than conventional scheme. Results show that proposed scheme also exhibits higher throughput and fairness with reduced delay in homogeneous networks.

9 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

004846   Tiwari S K;Gagandeep Kaur (Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala-147 004, Email: sktiwari@thapar.edu) : Improved method using factor division algorithm for reducing the order of linear dynamical system. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 589-95.

An improved method is proposed to determine the reduced order model of large scale linear time invariant system. The dominant poles of the low order system are calculated by clustering method. The selection of pole to the cluster point is based on the contributions of each pole in redefining time moment and redefining Markov parameters. The coefficients of the numerator polynomial for reduced model are obtained using a factor division algorithm. This method is computationally efficient and keeps up the stability and input output characteristic of the original arrangement.

4 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

004845   Tayyar G T (Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Dep, Istanbul Technical Univ, 34469 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: tayyargo@itu.edu.tr) : A new approach for elasto-plastic finite strain analysis of cantilever beams subjected to uniform bending moment. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 451-8.

The reliability and limits of solutions for static structural analysis depend on the accuracy of the curvature and deflection calculations. Even if the material model is close to the actual material behavior, physically unrealistic deflections or divergence problems are unavoidable in the analysis if an appropriate fundamental kinematic theory is not chosen. Moreover, accurate deflection calculation plays an important role in ultimate strength analysis where in-plane stresses are considered. Therefore, a more powerful method is needed to achieve reliable deflection calculation and modeling. For this purpose, a new advanced step was developed by coupling the elasto-plastic material behavior with precise general planar kinematic analysis. The deflection is generated precisely without making geometric assumptions or using differential equations of the deflection curve. An analytical finite strain solution was derived for an elasto-plastic prismatic/non-prismatic rectangular cross-sectioned beam under a uniform moment distribution. A comparison of the analytical results with those from the Abaqus FEM software package reveals a coherent correlation.

12 illus, 19 ref

004844   Tastan K (Civil Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi Univ, 06570 Maltepe, Ankara, Turkey, Email: ktastan@gazi.edu.tr) : Critical submergence for isolated and dual rectangular intakes. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 425-33.

This study examined critical submergence for isolated and dual rectangular intakes. It is shown that the critical submergence for an isolated intake can be predicted by disregarding whole boundary blockages on the complete imaginary critical sink surface that is the combination of imaginary complete critical cylindrical and hemi-spherical sink surfaces. It is proposed that this theory can be applied to the rectangular intakes located in general geometrical and flow conditions (i.e., intake in still water, circulation imposed flow, non-developed cross-flow, multiple intakes, etc.) and that it does not require computation of blockages caused from flow boundaries. The concept of complete sink surface (disregarding whole boundary blockages) developed for an isolated intake was also applied to dual rectangular intakes. The agreement between available test data and theoretical results was found to be satisfactory.

9 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

004843   Suriyamoorthi P;Chidambaram G (Sathyabama Univ, Electrical and Communication Engineering, Chennai-600 119) : Bandpass digital filter design using programmable system on chip microcontroller for processing sodium flow from eddy current flowmeter. Indian J envir Prot 2015, 35(7), 536-41.

This paper discusses at novel approach in the design and implementation of digital signal conditioning system which is free of computation. It is developed for improving the performance of the analog signal conditioning circuit of the measuring electronics used for eddy current flowmeter. This flowmeter is employed in sodium cooled fast breeder reactors for monitoring the sodium flowrate. Sodium is the main coolant of the reactor. Hence monitoring is essential to check performance of primary sodium pump which ensures the safety of the reactor. The present work involves in bandpass filter design using programmable system on chip (PSoC) microcontroller which is a part of the monitoring system. The signal to noise ratio of the design is 15 dB as against 2.4 dB of the existing analog signal conditioning system. The average response time of the digital signal conditioning system is improved to 10.64 ms.

10 illusd, 2 tables, 19 ref

004842   Singh B;Srinivas K V (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110 016, Email: srinivas.kadagala@gmail.com) : Three-level 48-pulse STATCOM with pulse width modulation. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 77-90.

In this paper, a new control strategy of a three-level 48-pulse static synchronous compensator (STAT-COM) is proposed with a constant dc link voltage and pulse width modulation at fundamental frequency switching. The proposed STATCOM is realized using eight units of three-level voltage source converters (VSCs) to form a three-level 48-pulse STATCOM. The conduction angle of each three-level VSC is modulated to control the ac converter output voltage, which controls the reactive power of the STATCOM. A fuzzy logic controller is used to control the STATCOM. The dynamic performance of the STATCOM is studied for the control of the reference reactive power, the reference terminal voltage and under the switching of inductive and capacitive loads.

13 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

004841   Singdh I;Gupta N (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835 215, Email: itu_snigdh@yahoo.com) : Quality of service metrics in wireless sensor networks: a survey. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 91-6.

Wireless ad hoc network is characterized by autonomous nodes communicating with each other by forming a multi hop radio network and maintaining connectivity in a decentralized manner. This paper presents a systematic approach to the interdependencies and the analogy of the various factors that affect and constrain the wireless sensor network. This article elaborates the quality of service parameters in terms of methods of deployment, coverage and connectivity which affect the lifetime of the network that have been addressed, till date by the different literatures. The analogy of the indispensable rudiments was discussed that are important factors to determine the varied quality of service achieved, yet have not been duly focused upon.

2 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

004840   Shukla A K;Dewan A (Applied Mechanics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016, Email: adewan@am.iitd.ac.in) : Computational study on effects of rib height and thickness on heat transfer enhancement in a rib roughened square channel. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 667-78.

A computational study was carried out for the heat transfer augmentation in a three-dimensional square channel fitted with different types of ribs. The standard k-t: model and its two variants (RNG and realizable) were used for turbulence modeling. The predictions were compared with available experimental and computational results. Three rib configurations were used in the present study: 90° continuous attached ribs, 60° V-shaped broken attached thick and thin ribs. It was observed that the maximum heat transfer occurs at the normalized rib spacing (p/e) = 10 in the case of 90° attached ribs. The effects of the blockage ratio and rib thickness were investigated for 60° V-shaped broken ribs with Re = 10,000-30,000 and p/e = 10. It was observed that the average Nusselt number decreases with an increase in the Reynolds number for almost all configurations studied in the present study. For the 60° V-shaped broken ribs, increasing the blockage ratio had an adverse effect on the heat transfer. It was also observed that thin ribs perform better than thick ribs.

18 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

004839   Saxena S;Raghu Raman S;Saritha B;John V (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: saurabh.2857.saxena@gmail.com) : Novel approach for electrical circuit modeling of Li-ion battery for predicting the steady-state and dynamic I-V characteristics. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 479-87.

A novel approach for electrical circuit modeling of Li-ion battery is proposed in this paper. The model proposed in this paper is simple, fast, not memory intensive and does not involve any look-up table. The model mimics the steady-state and dynamic behavior of battery. Internal charge distribution of the battery is modeled using two RC circuits. Self-discharge characteristic of the battery is modeled using a leakage resistance. Experimental procedure to determine the internal resistance, leakage resistance and the value of RC elements is explained in detail. The variation of parameters with state of charge (SOC) and magnitude of current is presented. The internal voltage source of the battery model varies dynamically with SOC to replicate the experimental terminal voltage characteristics of battery. The accuracy of model is validated with experimental results.

13 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

004838   Satish Kumar T;Subramanian R;Shalini S; Anburaj J;Angelo P C (Metallurgical Engineering Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: angelopsg@gmail.com) : Synthesis, microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloy hybrid (zircon + alumina) composite. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 20-6.

In the present work, a detailed study of zircon and alumina reinforcement in to the matrix of Al-Si-Mg alloy on the microstructure and wear behavior has been carried out. To study the effect of reinforcement on the wear behaviour of these composites, the alloy is reinforced with different amounts of zircon and alumina particles limiting to the total 15 wt%. The microstructure of these hybrid composites reveal uniform distribution of the reinforced particles. Composites are found to exhibit better hardness and wear resistance compared to base alloy. Among the different composites, the one reinforced with 3.75 wt% of zircon and 11.25 wt% of alumina particles (composite B) is found to be the best combination exhibiting high hardness and low wear rate at a test load of 15 N. SEM analysis of worn surface of hybrid composites shows no evidence of plastic deformation of matrix phase. Abrasive wear mechanism and particle pull out is the common feature observed from all the composites.

6 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

004837   Sarkar A;Dey P;Rai R N;Saha S C (NO, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura-799 055, Email: sarkarabhijit2009@gmail.com) : Comparative study of multiple regression analysis and back propagation neural network approaches on plain carbon steel in submerged-arc welding. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 549-59.

Weld bead plays an important role in determining the quality of welding particularly in high heat input processes. This research paper presents the development of multiple regression analysis (MRA) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict weld bead geometry and HAZ width in submerged arc welding process. Design of experiments is based on Taguchi's L16 orthogonal array by varying wire feed rate, transverse speed and stick out to develop a multiple regression model, which has been checked for adequacy and significance. Also, ANN model was accomplished with the back propagation approach in MATLAB program to predict bead geometry and HAZ width. Finally, the results of two prediction models were compared and analyzed. It is found that the error related to the prediction of bead geometry and HAZ width is smaller in ANN than MRA.

21 illus, 10 tables, 33 ref

004836   Sampath Kumar T;Prabhu S B;Sorna Kumar T (Mechanical Engineering Dep, C Abdul Hakeem College of Engineering and Technology, Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam-632 509, Email: sampathtpp@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation on the performance of nanostructured TiAlN, AlCrN, TiAlN/AlCrN coated and uncoated carbide cutting tool on turning En24 alloy steel. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 45-59.

In the present work, the performances of the nanostractured TiAlN, AlCrN, TiAlN/AlCrN coated are evaluated by comparing the machining performance with uncoated carbide cutting tool by conducting the machining studies on En24 alloy steel. Taguchi's experimental design is used to design the turning experiments and fix the turning parameters, such as the cutting speed (V), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (d). The signal-to-noise ratio and anova were used to investigate the effects of the machining parameters and their contribution to the tool wear and surface roughness. The results show that the nanostructured TiAlN/AlCrN coated insert has developed minimum flank wear and shown minimum surface roughness on the machined surface, compared to the TiAlN, AlCrN coated and uncoated tools. The cutting parameters in which the TiAlN, TiAlN/AlCrN coated and uncoated inserts have shown lesser tool flank wear and better surface finish of the work-piece are identified. For the TiAlN tool, the better machining parameters are, cutting speed = 160 m/min, feed rate = 0.119 mm/rev, and the depth of cut = 1.0 mm. For TiAlN/AlCrN, the better machining parameters are, cutting speed = 160 m/min, feed rate = 0.318 mm/rev, and the depth of cut = 0.3 mm, and for the uncoated tool, the cutting speed =100 m/min, feed rate = 0.318 mm/rev, and the depth of cut =1.0 mm is the best machining condition. But for the AlCrN tool the minimum tool wear was obtained, when the cutting speed = 40 m/min, feed rate = 0.477 mm/rev, and the depth of cut = 1.0mm and better surface finish of the work-piece was obtained, when the cutting speed = 160 m/min, feed rate = 0.119 mm/rev, and the depth of cut = 1.0 mm.

6 illus, 11 tables, 32 ref

004835   Sahoo S;Ramgopal M (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: satyabrata111sahoo4@gmail.com) : Experimental studies on an indigenous coconut shell based activated carbon suitable for natural gas storage. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 459-68.

Experimental studies are carried out to characterize an indigenous, coconut shell based, activated carbon suitable for storage of natural gas. Properties such as BET surface area, micropore volume, average pore diameter and pore size distribution are obtained by using suitable instruments and techniques. An experimental setup is developed to estimate the equilibrium methane adsorption capacity and adsorption/desorption kinetics. The experimental isothermal uptake data is used to fit four different isotherm models. Using the constants obtained for the D-A isotherm model the variation of heat of adsorption and adsorbed phase specific heat with equilibrium pressure and temperature are obtained. Similarly Henry's Law coefficients, important at low pressure and low uptake regime are also obtained. Finally using the kinetic data and a linear driving force model, constants in the kinetic equation are obtained. Results show that the indigenous material used in this study offers reasonably high natural gas storage capacity and fast kinetics and is suitable for adsorbed natural gas (ANG) applications. It is expected that this study will be useful in the design and development of ANG systems based on this indigenous material.

13 illus, 7 tables, 25 ref

004834   Rawat V;Nadkarni V;Kale S N (Applied Physics Dep, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune-411 025, Email: sangeetakale2004@gmail.com) : Highly sensitive electrical metamaterial sensor for fuel adulteration detection. Def Sci J 2016, 66(4), 421-4.

Life of any automobile engine is largely dependent on the purity as well as the optimum ratios of their fuels, viz. petrol, diesel and ethanol. A device working on the electrical metamaterial concept, namely a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), operating at 2.47 GHz (ISM band), is proposed to detect kerosene adulteration in petrol. Kerosene was varied upto 30 per cent with minimum detection limit as low as 10 per cent. Systematic shifts in the transmission resonance frequency were observed. The sensing was fast and the recovery was instantaneous. The underlying concept of interference of electromagnetic radiation through the CSRR circuit and its further manipulation with the changes in the dielectric ambience is elaborated.

3 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

004833   Rasli N I;Saufi S M;Abu Seman M N (Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Malaysia Pahang Univ, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Email: smsaufi@gmail.com) : Comparison of chemical and UV photo-grafting modification on polyamide microfiltration membrane for the preparation of membrane chromatography. Asian J Chem 2016, 28(2), 395-8.

Membrane chromatography has been used widely as an alternative to the conventional packed bed chromatography for protein separation. Membrane chromatography used an adsorptive membrane that carried specific chromatography functionality. In the current study, a membrane chromatography was prepared by modification of commercial polyamide microfiltration membrane with acrylic acid monomer. Two modification methods were compared which are UV photo grafting and chemical grafting via redox reaction. Modification parameters studied were initiator concentration (1-50 mM), monomer concentration (0.2-5 M) and reaction time (5-60 min). The highest lysozyme binding capacity achieved was 0.175 mg of lysozyme/cm2 membrane for the membrane prepared via UV photo grafting using 10 mM of photo-initiator, 0.1 M of acrylic acid and 15 min of reaction time.

3 illus, 25 ref

004832   Rao G V;Kalpana P (Civil Engineering Dep, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam-532 127) : Rainfall-runoff modeling using regression analysis- A case study of Vamsadhara river basin of Gotta barrage. Indian J envir Prot 2015, 35(7), 573-80.

The rainfall runoff model is one of the most frequently used events in hydrology. No universal model exists for rainfail-runoff relations due to changing characteristics of watersheds. Number of mathematical models exists in the literature but each model has its own limitations. In the present study, an attempt is made to develop different rainfall-runoff models through regression analysis and to identify a best model for the Vamsadhara river basin of Gotta Barrage. In the rainfall-runoff modeling, the required data is collected for the period of 1982 to 2002. The data is processed to make it ready for modeling. The arithmetic mean method is adopted for computing average rainfall of the basin. The results revealed that the multiple non-linear regression technique is the best suited model for the present study area with high correlation coefficient and less standard error of estimation (SEE) than other techniques.

8 illus, 7 tables, 6 ref

004831   Ramkumar P L;Waigaonkar S D;Kulkarni D M (Mechanical Engineering Dep, , BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, Goa-403 726, Email: plramkumarno1@gmail.com) : Effect of oven residence time on mechanical properties in rotomoulding of LLDPE. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 571-82.

In rotational moulding of plastics, improving the mechanical properties without sacrificing the processibility is a challenging task. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of oven residence time on the mechanical properties of the rotationally moulded products made using linear low density polyethylene. Simulation studies were conducted using ROTOSIM software to analyze thermal transitions and phase changes during the process. Degree of curing of the polymers was also assessed and correlated with mechanical properties. Experiments were further conducted to obtain favourable oven residence time to obtain highest mechanical properties. Experimental investigation revealed that there exist regions where the part was 'under-cured' and mechanical properties were found to be inferior. It was also found that when parts were 'over-cured', the mechanical properties were severely affected. A regime of favourable processing window was identified where the highest tensile, flexural and impact properties were noticed.

13 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

004830   Rakshit M;Panigrahy D;Sahu P K (Electrical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha-769 008, Email: rakshitmanas09@gmail.com) : Improved method for R-peak detection by using Shannon energy envelope. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 469-77.

R-peaks in electrocardiogram (ECG) play a vital role in diagnosis of heart rhythm irregularities and also estimating heart rate variability. However, almost all existing R-peak detectors suffer from the non-stationary of both QRS morphology and noise. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a four-stage improved method to detect R-peak using Shannon energy envelope. In the first stage, noise is suppressed and QRS complex is enhanced by using band pass filter, first order differentiation, and amplitude normalization. In the second stage, Shannon energy envelope is extracted. In the third stage, peak is estimated without considering any threshold amplitude. In the final stage, true R-peaks are detected. Our proposed R-peak detection method is validated using 48 first channel ECG records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database with the accuracy of 99.84%, sensitivity of 99.95% and positive predictability of 99.88%. Our proposed method outperforms other well-known methods in case of pathological ECG signals.

12 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

004829   Rajalakshmi T R;Sudhakar R (NO, PSV College of Engineering and Technology, Krishnagiri, Tamilnadu-635 108, Email: rajeereno@gmail.com) : Novel carbon nanotubefet based bulk built-in current sensor for single event upset detection. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 489-95.

The continuous scaling down of circuits has resulted in the development of carbon nanotubes (CNT) which provides a better alternative of silicon. High device packing densities is one of the advantageous factors of CNTFET compared to CMOS technology. This paper describes the new bulk current based built-in current sensor (BBICS) for the detection of single event upset (SEU) in CNTFET SRAM with less number of transistors compared to previous designs. The advantage of it is that its ability to detect low ranges of micro-current. The complete circuit, both SRAM and Sensor are built with CNTFET. This also possesses the advantage of being used in the detection of negative current pulses with the addition of an inverter circuit. This circuit operates best for two different technology nodes. This built-in current sensor is connected to the bulk terminal of the CNTFET SRAM. PVT analysis and power dissipation analysis were done for the proposed circuit.

8 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

004828   Purushothaman G;Ray K K (School of Electrical Engineering, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: pganjali78@hotmail.com) : Motion control of drives for prosthetic hand using continuous myoelectric signals. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 55-60.

In this paper the authors present motion control of a prosthetic hand, through continuous myoelectric signal acquisition, classification and actuation of the prosthetic drive. A four channel continuous electromyogram (EMG) signal also known as myoelectric signals (MES) are acquired from the abled-body to classify the six unique movements of hand and wrist, viz, hand open (HO), hand close (HC), wrist flexion (WF), wrist extension (WE), ulnar deviation (UD) and radial deviation (RD). The classification technique involves in extracting the features/pattern through statistical time domain (TD) parameter/autoregressive coefficients (AR), which are reduced using principal component analysis (PCA). The reduced statistical TD features and or AR coefficients are used to classify the signal patterns through k nearest neighbour (kNN) as well as neural network (NN) classifier and the performance of the classifiers are compared. Performance comparison of the above two classifiers clearly shows that kNN classifier in identifying the hidden intended motion in the myoelectric signals is better than that of NN classifier. Once the classifier identifies the intended motion, the signal is amplified to actuate the three low power DC motor to perform the above mentioned movements.

5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

004827   Pillai V S;Rajasekaran C;Vatsa P K (NO, , ) : Monitoring and forecasting in construction projects using time buffer. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 9-16.

The key to project management is effective performance monitoring and forecasting. The existing methods using input- output cash flow, earned value, etc. do not differentiate between work done on the critical path and work done on non-critical paths. Such methods mask the real situation and mislead the project team because progress on one path often compensate for the delay in other. The paper proposes a more effective method to facilitate project managers take decisions. Time buffer is defined as the extra time added knowingly or unknowingly by construction personnel to the minimum possible duration of any activity in order to protect against schedule deviation. There is no thumb rule to identify which activity dictates the lead time of a project and the allocation of time buffer remain completely intuitive. For the purpose of the study, construction of a material handling system is considered and the factors of time buffer are identified. The severities of top ten frequent factors are considered to determine the magnitude of time buffer usually added by construction personnel in activity durations. A Project Buffer Index (PBI) is developed for project monitoring. The PBI values calculated at regular intervals of time help the project manager assess the status of the project and take decisions accordingly. Duration required to complete the project and the cost at completion are also arrived at. After detailed duration analysis, a micro-level schedule using Microsoft Project is created for the erection of a pipe rack structure and the proposed method is applied.

004826   Peter S;De A K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781 039, Email: akd@iitg.ernet.in) : Parallel implementation of the Ghost-cell immersed boundry method with application to stationary and moving boundary problems. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 441-50.

A modified version of the previously reported ghost-cell immersed boundary method is implemented in parallel environment based on distributed memory allocation. Reconstruction of the flow variables is carried out by the inverse distance weighting technique. Implementation of the normal pressure gradient on the immersed surface is demonstrated. Finite volume method with non-staggered arrangement of variables on a non-uniform cartesian grid is employed to solve the fluid flow equations. The proposed method shows reasonable agreement with the reported results for flow past a stationary sphere, rotating and transversely oscillating circular cylinder.

12 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

004825   Panda S;Kar A;Mondal B (Electrical Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata) : Automatic bridge balance and measurement of resistance using microcontroller. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 14-6.

Automatic Bridge Balance and Measurement of Resistance using Microcontroller (ABBMRM) is implemented effectively for balancing the Wheatstone bridge using the Microcontroller (8051) with higher accuracy.

3 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

004824   Pal D;Keshav A (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Raipur-492 010, Email: dpsingh.che@nitrr.ac.in) : Recovery of pyruvic acid using tri-n-butylamine dissolved in non-toxic diluent (rice bran oil). J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2016, 97(1), 81-7.

An attempt has been made to investigate the effectiveness of the vegetable oil based biocompatible solvent for the separation of pyruvic acid from fermentation broth, by using rice bran oil as natural, non-toxic diluent. Reactive extraction of pyruvic acid (0.1-0.5 k mol/m^{3) from aqueous solutions has been studied using tri-n-butylamine (TBA; 10-70%) as an extractant dissolved in non toxic rice bran oil at T - 30 ± 1 °C. Results were presented in terms of distribution coefficient (K_d), extraction efficiency (E%), loading ratio (Z), and complexation constant (ϕ αβ). Extraction equilibrium was interpreted using mass action modeling approach. Based on the extent of loading (Z <60> 0.5) only (1:1), pyruvic acid: TBA complex was proposed. Equilibrium complexation constant was evaluated to 1.22 m2/k mol. Results obtained are useful in understanding the extraction mechanism.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

004823   Padala S P S;Uma Maheswari J;Tandur S;Hirani H (NO, , ) : Stakeholder's influence on design-construction planning. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 34-41.

The design phase requires several interactions between the client and the architect as compared to other phases. Major decisions on the project were finalized during this design phase with the inadequate involvement of the forthcoming stakeholders-fabricators, contractors and vendors. Further, fragmentation in design and construction phase had led to redesign and rework during the construction execution. Additionally, this fragmentation had design solutions that had not involved constructability issues, which resulted in schedule and cost overruns. This issue can be over come by involving all the possible stakeholders during the design phase. As involving all stakeholders at the design phase is practically impossible, the influence relationships of the possible stakeholders for design-construction can be derived. To address this challenge, an integrated design approach has been chosen to formulate a methodology for developing the design-construction relationship whereby the stakeholder's influence was derived. Hence, an axiomatic design (AD) framework was proposed where designer and contractor input considered in the design phase was analysed and compared. Case data of a building project was utilized in developing and testing this concept. This paper also discusses the refinements for applying to real projects.

004822   Ozer S;Zorlu H;Mete S (Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dep, Erciyes Univ, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, Email: sozer@erciyes.edu.tr) : System identification application using Hammerstein model. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 597-605.

Generally, memoryless polynomial nonlinear model for nonlinear part and finite impulse response (FIR) model or infinite impulse response model for linear part are preferred in Hammerstein models in literature. In this paper, system identification applications of Hammerstein model that is cascade of nonlinear second order volterra and linear FIR model are studied. Recursive least square algorithm is used to identify the proposed Hammerstein model parameters. Furthermore, the results are compared to identify the success of proposed Hammerstein model and different types of models.

11 illus, 5 tables, 49 ref

004821   Omoregie A D;Alabi A O;Imuetinyan A E (NO, , ) : Providing sustainability in education buildings through the use of compressed stabilized interlocking earth blocks. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 94-104.

Buildings are important factors in achieving desirable outcomes in the educational sector hence; any inadequacy in building facilities represents a loss in value of the school, its users and stakeholders. It is therefore, necessary to provide not just a building but a sustainable one that will encourage the preservation of the natural environment, promotes social well-being of its users and provide reasonable economic stands for the investor. This research therefore, assessed the provision of sustainability in educational buildings through the use of compressed stabilized interlocking earth blocks (CSIEB). A survey was used and 48 professionals in the construction industry were sampled. For each of the three sustainability dimensions (economic, environmental and social), seven sustainability features of CSIEB were identified and assessed. Findings revealed that the use of CSIEB would provide a building that can adapt to the tropical climate, minimize CO2 emission and waste, save cost and construction time, and also provide an aesthetically pleasing and thermally conducive building. Findings further revealed that a balance between the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainability can be achieved through the use of CSIEB. The study therefore, recommends CSIEB as a material capable of providing sustainability in educational buildings and its usage should therefore, be encouraged among stakeholders.

004820   Ojha A;Gunneswar Rao T D (NO, , ) : Time-cost-quality analysis for construction of a small house. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 1-8.

The clients of the industry focus mainly on time and cost of the project, they seldom focus on quality. For them if a project is completed within time and least cost overruns then the project is success and if not then its failures. A project manager should educate the client about the project site problems keeping in mind client's demand and expectations. He should maintain the equilibrium for getting the best output. The equilibrium can be understood by the triangle theory. The problem of quality also faced by U.S. construction industry in past and recently which forced ASCE to publish "Manual of professional practice for quality in a constructed project". In this project we have develop a integer programming model by doing manual calculations on 5 selected activities and have quantified the quality to use in this model. The quality indicators, which are used during this project, are taken from observation and references. Relation between quality and cost, which will help us to forecast the quality factors limit of total project and cost of it. We have generated the optimal solution and decided the best possible of them.

004819   Ohatkar S N;Amlani N G;Dange A P;Kadam D D (Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Dep, Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Karvenagar, Pune-411 052) : Probe and edge fed miniaturized meander slot antenna using IE3D. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 27-32.

Microstrip patch antenna is a lightweight, inexpensive antenna on which electronics like LNA's and SSPA's can be integrated easily. It is applied to different applications such as Bluetooth, WLAN, satellite communication, biomedical applications, telemedicine and so on due to its Compact size. This work aims at reducing the size of the antenna using meander slot. In this work we explored reduction, which makes it appropriate to apply for more applications. Meander slot follows an asymmetrical path which increases the path for current flow. The simulated results show 71.34% of size reduction for 3.3GHz resonating frequency and 25.04% for 5.5GHz as compared to rectangular patch. This work also analysis the probe and edge feeding techniques and comparative results are tabulated feeding techniques.

16 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

004818   Nirkhe S P;Kakade D N (NO, , ) : Design of flat slab with MATLAB. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 42-51.

Flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported by columns with, or without drop. The columns may be with, or without column heads. Flat slab is a universal structural component widely used in construction nowadays. Flat slab requires minimum depth as compared to other slab, Hence, saving in material cost, speedy construction and it allows flexible column grids. MATLAB programming helps in high-performance numerical computation and perceptions. It provides an interactive environment with hundreds of built-in functions for technical computation, graphics, and animation. Best of all, it also provides easy extensibility with its own high-level programming language. The aim of this study is to analyze the flat slab in India followed by a review of design methods for flat slab structures design with MATLAB programming for the easy application for the design of flat slab and creating MATLAB coding for the flat slab.

004817   Nanda T;Kumar B R;Singh V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala-147 004, Email: tarunnanda@thapar.edu) : A thermal cycling route for processing nano-grains in AISI 316L stainless steel for improved tensile deformation behavour. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 829-35.

The present work significantly improved the mechanical strength of AISI 316L stainless steel by producing nano-sized grains. Steel was subjected to cold rolling followed by repetitive thermal cycling to produce ultra-fine/nano-sized grains. The optimum processing parameters including extent of cold deformation, annealing temperature for thermal cycling, soaking period during each thermal cycle, and number of thermal cycles were determined through a systematic step-by-step procedure. After conducting thermal cycling under optimum conditions, a significant amount of grain size reduction was achieved. The effect of nano-sized grains on tensile deformation behavior was analysed. High cold deformation resulted in increased amount of stored strain energy. The stored strain energy accelerated the re-crystallisation kinetics during the thermal cycling process. Every thermal cycle resulted in irregular dispersal of stored energy. This irregular dispersal of stored energy favoured recrystallisation rather than grain growth and led to refinement of grains, in the absence of strain induced martensite. Repetitive thermal cycling promoted grain refinement and resulted in very significant grain size reduction with resultant grain size in the range of 800-1200 nm as compared to initial size of 90-120 μm. The resultant micro structure improved tensile strength by 106.8 per cent, from 590 MPa to 1220 MPa.

8 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

004816   Nagarale P P;Gaikawad P G;Kulkarni P (NO, , ) : Finite element modelling of rollcrete concrete pavement. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 62-6.

The present study carried out to find the characteristic compressive Strength of Rollcrete (RCC) by using accelerated curing method so as to satisfy the required target mean strength in one day and comparing the same results with the normal curing strength at 28 days. Further, the study is undertaken to design of rollcrete pavements using finite element approach and evaluated the benefit of rollcrete pavement. Considering rutting as a failure criteria, the number of cumulative standard axles required to produce rutting of 20 mm was calculated for M20 and M30 grades of rollcrete pavements. To understand the response of pavement, 2-D axisymmetric finite element modelling is carried out on multi layered rollcrete pavements resting on subgrade soil using commercial software ANSYS. Different combinations of base and rollcrete layer were considered. The study shows that for constant thickness of base, the value of vertical compressive strain at top of subgrade is increases and number of cycles taken by a pavement decreases with decrease in thickness of rollcrete concrete layer.

004815   Murugan T;Deyashi M;Dey S;Rana S C;Chatterjee P K (NO, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur-713 209, Email: murugan.thangadurai@gmail.com) : Recent developments on synthetic jets. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 489-98.

Synthetic jet is a form of pulsatile jet where the flow is synthesised from the ambient air and it does not need any external source as the flow is induced from the fluid existing around orifice/nozzle. This property makes synthetic jet unique compared to pulsatile and continuous jets. Recently, the synthetic jet is being widely used for flow control, mixing and heat transfer enhancement in aerospace applications. Focused on reviewing the recent developments on synthetic jet characterization and their applications resulting from the development of advanced diagnosing tools.

12 illus, 52 ref

004814   Mondal K;Sarkar P P (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Modern Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bandel, Hooghly-712 123, Email: kalyankgec@gmail.com) : Compact broadband microstrip patch antenna for WiMAX/LAN/Wi-Fi/WLAN applications. Indian J pure appl Phys 2016, 54(11), 727-32.

A broadband crucifix shape patch type microstrip antenna with rectangular modified ground plane has been presented. Two slots have been loaded on the rectangular ground plane and high gain wide-band response has been obtained. The -10dB bandwidth of the proposed antenna is around 6.3 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 115%. Maximum positive gain of 4.32 dBi (measured) and multi operating frequencies at 2.46 GHz, 5.46 GHz and 7.52 GHz, respectively have been achieved. Different simulated antenna responses have been investigated with variation of slots dimensions and its position on the ground plane. The measured frequency band is 2.1 GHz to 8.88 GHz with a percentage of bandwidth 123.5%. The proposed antenna has been simulated using Ansoft designer software. Simulated results have been confirmed by measured results. The antenna is suitable for modern broadband wireless communication systems such as Bluetooth (2.4 - 2.485 GHz), WiMAX (3.4 - 3.6 and 3.7 - 4.2 GHz), LAN (5.47 - 5.725 GHz), WiFi 802.11y (3.6 - 3.7 GHz) and WLAN 802.1 1b/g/a (5.31 - 6.32 GHz).

11 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

004813   Mohan K N;Paligan A A;Sivakumar G; Krishnamurthy R;Shubha V;Shinde U;Mali R R;Bhatnagar M K (India Meterological Dep, , New Delhi, Email: mohan.kn6@gmail.com) : Performance study of Drishti transmissometer at CAT III B airport. Mausam 2015, 66(4), 713-18.

Drishti transmissometer - A visibility measuring system, an Indigenous development from CSTR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL), has been installed at Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport, New Delhi for precise measurements of visibility and runway visual range (RVR). Visibility information is critical under poor visibility conditions for all categories of airports viz., CAT I, CAT II, CAT III A & B. In CAT A & B Airports the pilots have to land with as low a visibility as 50 meters during dense fog. Drishti system with 30 meters baseline is first of its kind installed at any airport in the country. In this paper we report visibility measurements of Drishti during different weather conditions viz., dust storm, rainfall and dense fog at IGI Airport, New Delhi. Drishti data has been compared with other imported transmissometers which have been situated in the Airport either parallel to Drishti or installed few kms away. It has been observed that Drishti measures visibility very accurately. Remote health monitoring of the, system through Web-enabling, fast and easy field maintenance through modular electronics arc some of the salient features of the system. IGI Airport is the first airport in the country to have Indigenous systems in all its three runways.

10 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

004812   Mirzadeh H (School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran Univ, 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran, Email: hmirzadeh@ut.ac.ir) : Constitutive modeling of commercial pure titanium during hot deformation in alpha and beta phase fields. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 60-4.

The hot working behavior of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) in alpha and beta phase fields was studied through constitutive analysis based on a simple physically-based approach. Accordingly, reliable constitutive equations were proposed for hot deformation of titanium above and below the beta transus temperature. It was quantitatively shown that besides the effect of the Zener-Hollomon parameter (which represents the effect of deformation conditions), the deforming phase play a significant role in determining the flow stress of titanium during high-temperature thermomechanical processing.

3 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

004811   Ming-Hsiang S;Shih-Heng T;HanWei H;Wen-Pei S (Civil Engineering Dep, National Chi Nan Univ, Nan-Tou 545, Taiwan, R.O.C., Email: shtung@nuk.edu.tw) : Accuracy verification of a simple local three-dimensional displacement measurement method of DIC with two images coordinates. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 377-84.

There are two methods applied for three-dimensional digital image correlation method to measure three-dimensional displacement. One is to measure the spatial coordinates of measuring points by analyzing the images. Then, the displacement vectors of these points can be calculated using the spatial coordinates of these points obtained at different stages. The other is to calibrate the parameters for individual measuring points locally. Then, the local displacements of these points can be measured directly. This study proposes a simple local three-dimensional displacement measurement method. Without any complicated distortion correction processes, this method can be used to measure small displacement in the three-dimensional space through a simple calibration process. A laboratory experiment and field experiment are carried out to prove the accuracy of this proposed method. Laboratory test errors of one-dimensional experiment are similar to the accuracy of the XYZ table; the error in Z-direction is only 0.0025% of the object distance. The measurement error of laboratory test is about 0.0033% of the object distance for local three-dimensional displacement measurement test. Test and analysis results of field test display that in-plane displacement error is only 0.12 mm, and the out-of-plane error is 1.1 mm for 20 m x 30 m measuring range. The out-of-plane error is only about 10 PPM of the object distance. These test and analysis results show that this proposed method can achieve very high accuracy under small displacement for both of laboratory and field tests.

14 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

004810   Mazumder D (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711 103) : Cost-effective and sustainable sewerage network for sanitation of and under-developed and congested town. Indian J envir Prot 2015, 35(7), 610-4.

An under-developed and congested town suffers from poor sanitation due to lack in sewerage system. Development of a new sewerage system infrastructure also becomes constrained by narrow roads and heavy traffic congestion. Providing a conventional sewer network employing traditional design concept leads to excessive capital and running cost. Conceptualizing this issue, some rational modifications on the conventional design practice have been proposed in the present paper. In this context the current practice of sewerage system design has been reviewed from CPHEEO manual. The major drawbacks of adopting sewer network in an under-developed and congested town have also been discussed from practical experience. At the last, a few constructive recommendations are drawn upto facilitate a cost-effective and sustainable sewerage network for sanitation in an underdeveloped and congested town.

5 ref

004809   Manikandan P;Arun N (Civil Engineering Dep, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu-637 215, Email: lp_mani@yahoo.com) : Numerical investigation on cold-formed steel lipped channel columns with intermediate web stiffeners. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2016, 97(1), 1-7.

This work describes finite element simulation into the ultimate strength and buckling behaviour of cold-formed steel lipped channel columns with intermediate web stiffeners subjected to axial compression. Numerical simulation is performed by using finite element analysis software ANSYS. A reliable finite element model is used for the parametric study of effects of cross section geometries on the ultimate strength and buckling behaviour of cold-formed steel columns are investigated. All the section geometries in this study also satisfied the limitations given for pre-qualified sections in direct strength method. The cross sectional dimensions, section properties and length of the specimen are obtained by using CUFSM software. The ultimate strength predicted by the finite element analysis are compared with the strength calculated using the current direct strength method specifications for cold-formed steel structures, suitable design recommendations are proposed.

5 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

004808   Mallya A A;Shetty B A;Sequeira F J;Hebbar S; Divakar D (Electrical & Electronics Engineering Dep, Canara Engineering College, Mangaluru, Karnataka) : Finite state machine serial adder. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 65-7.

Logic design is in itself bifurcated to- Combinational and Sequential circuits. The later has memory and former doesn't, so in an advent effort to incorporate memory into a combinational circuit brought in the concept of Finite state machine serial adder.

4 illus, 1 table, 3 ref