003829   Thanalechumi P;Yusoff A R M;Ponraj M;Awab H (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Univ Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 8130 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia, Email: rahim@kimia.fs.utm.my) : Studies on potential of portalnd cement mortar for binding of waterworks sludge to reduce heavy metal leaching. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 359-67.

The investigation of heavy metal leaching and physicochemical properties of cement-solidified waterworks sludge (CMWWS) formed by incorporating waterworks sludge (WWS) into cement mortar was carried out. The chemical composition, compressive strength and other physicochemical properties of the CMWWS cube specimens were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The major type of chemical components present in CMWWS was found to be Al and Fe. The increasing amount of WWS added to cement mortar resulted in the increasing of organic matter, urchin-like morphology and clear peak intensity. At the end of 28 days of curing, the soaking solution became strongly basic and CMWWS cube specimens leached out higher amount of heavy metals. The compressive strength of CMWWS increased up to a WWS percentage of 10%, and basic (pH <62> 7) curing solution was found to be better than water for curing purposes. It is concluded that solidification-stabilisation (S/S) technique is able to effectively reduce the leaching of heavy metals from the WWS and CMWWS containing up to 10% WWS can be used as construction material.

10 illus, 19 ref

003828   Tekade S A;Vasudeo A D;Ghare A D;Ingle R N (Civil Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440 010, Email: shrikant.tekade@yahoo.com) : Measurement of flow in supercritical flow regime using cutthroat flumes. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 265-72.

Cutthroat flume is commonly used for measurement of subcritical flow in open channel because of its simplicity and ease of construction. No experimental data is available in literature for measurement of flow in supercritical regime using cutthroat flume. The present paper finds the feasibility of cutthroat flume as a measurement device for flow in supercritical regime. Experimental data are generated to develop the relation between discharge and observed head at a specified location on upstream of throat section. Regression analysis for discharge and head indicated a good correlation. Based on all the experimental data generated, a relationship between discharge and head is proposed.

6 illus, 8 ref

003827   Taha Z;Deboucha A;Ahamed N U;Ahmed N;Ariffin R;Ghazilla R;Abdul Majeed A P P;Wong Y (Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Lab, Faculty of Manufacturing Engingineering, Univ Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, 26600 Malaysia) : IIR filter order and cut-off frequency influences on EMG singnal smoothing. Biomed Res 2015, 26(4), 616-20.

Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters are the fundamental signal processing technique to analyze the surface Electromyography (sEMG). These filters are defined by their particular orders (e.g. first-, second- or third-order) and the frequency they passed through. Although, EMG signals from human skeletal muscles are important to realize the muscle features, but there is no consistency found in the literature regarding the influence of different orders of the filter and cutoff frequency when processing and filtering EMG signal during lower limb (Biceps Femoris) muscle contraction. It is therefore important to know the response of muscle EMG signal after changing the order of filters and cut-off frequencies. Thus, this paper addresses the behavior of the signal patterns after varying the filter order and cut-off frequency of the filter. To record the EMG signal, one healthy male participated in this study after obtaining his informed consent and the electrodes were placed on the lower limb Biceps Femoris muscle during sit-to-stand task at a normal speed. During the signal processing, the cut-off frequency of the filter was fixed with the variation of the order of the filter. Later, the order of the filter was fixed while the cut-off frequency was varied. Finally, the results show that varying the order of filter (while frequency fixed) does not distort the EMG signal significantly, whereas varying the frequency changes the shape of the signal considerably.

9 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

003826   Singh S;Mohan S;Mehta B P S (NO, Indian Farmers Fertiliser Comparative Limited, Kalol Unit, P.I. Kasturinagar Distt. Gandhinagar-382 423) : Replacement of regenerative type air preheater with plate type air preheater in boiler. Indian J Fertil 2016, 12(2), 54-6.

IFFCO Kalol was operating a boiler (80 tonne per hour) on Low Sulphur Heavy Stock (LSHS) to supply steam to urea plant. The boiler was having a regenerative air heater to recover the heat from flue gases. The stack temperature was around 194 °C against design of 165 °C. There was heavy heat loss from stack and the pressure drop in regenerative air heater was resulting in high furnace pressure. The boiler was modified in 2005-06 to utilize dual fuel i.e. natural gas and LSHS and again in 2008-09 to utilize synthesis gas from ammonia plant and natural gas. As the sulphur content in natural gas is low, it was decided to improve the boiler efficiency by reducing the stack temperature from 194 °C to 125 °C. The regenerative type air heater was replaced with combination of BFW coil and plate type air preheater. After modification, the stack temperature was reduced to 125 °C and saving in steam was also realized. The simple payback was 14 months. The article presents the details of the modification and benefits derived.

2 illus, 1 table

003825   Shravankumar C;Tiwari R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781 039, Email: rtiwari@iitg.ernet.in) : Detection of fatigue crack in a rotor system using full-spectrum based estimation. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 239-51.

The force due to crack switching has multiple harmonic components of the spin speed. These components excite the rotor both in the same and reverse directions of the rotor spin. A full-spectrum method using complex Fast Fourier transform equations is developed to obtain force coefficients and displacement coefficients (forward and reverse). These coefficients are then used as an input to developed identification algorithms. Fault parameters identified are the additive stiffness due to crack, disc eccentricity due to unbalance, and system viscous damping. An extended algorithm estimates the crack forces. The algorithms are numerically tested.

11 illus, 8 tables, 26 ref

003824   Sharma H;Jain B;Ahmad Z (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarkhand-247 667, Email: smile4anshu@gmail.com) : Optimization of submerged vane parameters. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 327-36.

Submerged vanes are airfoils which are in general placed at certain angle with respect to the flow direction in a channel to induce artificial circulations downstream. By virtue of these artificially generated circulations, submerged vanes were utilized to protect banks of rivers against erosion, to control shifting of rivers, to avoid blocking of lateral intake with sediment deposition, etc. Odgaard and his associates have experimentally obtained the optimum vane sizes and recommended that it can be used for vane design. This paper is an attempt to review and validate the findings of Odgaard and his associates by utilizing computational fluid dynamics and experiments as a tool in which the vane generated vorticity in the downstream was maximized in order to obtain optimum vane parameters for single and multiple vane arrays.

19 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

003823   Saichand K;Kumarawat A;John V (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, Email: kasicheyanula@ee.iisc.ernet.in) : High performance AC-DC control power supply for low voltage ride through inverters. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 147-59.

This paper presents a control power supply (CPS) design which is used to feed power to the subsystems of a power converter. The CPS design presented here maintains a constant 24V_dc output even over a wide (90V _rms to 270V_rms) ac voltage variation at its input for a High Power Converter (HPC). The circuit design and closed loop control design of such a CPS are presented. During starting, the power supply to the control circuitry of the CPS in turn is obtained using a separate start-up power supply. The various design issues and details of the on-board power supply and start-up power circuit to ensure the reliable start-up and shut down of the CPS are analyzed. The CPS was tested for wide input voltage range (v_in) and the performance validates the design. The CPS has also been tested for an input side voltage sag and its performance allows the HPC to meet the low voltage ride-through requirements.

20 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref

003822   Raheem S E A (Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Dep, Taibah Univ, Madinah-41411, P.O. 344, Saudia Arabia, Email: shehataraheem@yahoo.com) : Exploring damping characteristics of composite tower of cable-stayed bridges. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 345-58.

The damping characterization is important in making accurate predictions of the seismic response of the hybrid structures dominated by different damping mechanisms. Different damping characteristics arise from the construction of the tower with different materials: steel for the upper part; reinforced concrete for the lower main part and interaction with supporting soil. The process of modeling damping matrices and experimental verification is challenging because damping cannot be determined via static tests as mass and stiffness can be. The assumption of classical damping is not appropriate if the system to be analyzed consists of two or more parts with significantly different levels of damping. The dynamic response of structures is critically determined by the damping mechanisms, and its value is very important for the design and analysis of vibrating structures. An analytical approach that is capable of evaluating the equivalent modal damping ratio from structural components is desirable for improving seismic design. Two approaches are considered to define and investigate dynamic characteristics of a composite tower of cable-stayed bridges: The first approach makes use of a simplified approximation of two lumped masses to investigate the structure irregularity effects including damping of different material, mass ratio, frequency ratio on dynamic characteristics and modal damping. The second approach employs a detailed numerical step-by-step integration procedure.

14 illus, 42 ref

003821   Milosevic M;Milosevic D (Faculty of Technical Sciences Cacak, Univ of Kragujevac, Svetog Save 65, 32000 Cack, Serbia, Email: marjan.milosevic@ftn.kg.ac.rs) : Defining the e-learner's security profile: Towards awareness improvement. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 317-26.

The paper presents an improved e-learner model that supports monitoring of user behavior related to information security. The model is built upon standardized IMS specification, according to literature research and survey conducted among e-learners. It is positioned as key part of an extended LTSA architecture in which the learner data is used to improve learner security position by continuous delivery of important information and adapting security mechanisms. The implementation is considered in Moodle LMS.

8 illus, 9 tables, 31 ref

003820   Kurt M;Kotan T;Gul M S;Gul R;Aydin A C (Faculty of Architecture & Design, Architecture Dep, Ataturk Univ, Erzurum-25240, Email: acaydin@atauni.edu.tr) : The effect of blast furnace slag on the self-compactability of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 253-64.

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of blast furnace slag, different water/(cement+mineral additive) ratios and pumice aggregates on some physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete. In this study, pumice was used as lightweight aggregate. Several properties of self-compacting pumice aggregate lightweight concretes, such as unit weight, flow diameter, T50 time, flow diameter after an hour, V-funnel time, and L-box tests, 7, 28, 90 and 180-day compressive strength, 28-day splitting tensile strength, dry unit weight, water absorption, thermal conductivity and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, were conducted. For this purpose, 18 series of concrete samples were prepared in two groups. In the first group, pumice aggregate at 100% replacement of natural aggregate was used in the production of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete with constant w/(c+m) ratios as 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 by weight. Furthermore, as a second group, pumice aggregate was used as a replacement of natural aggregate, at the levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% by volume. Flow diameters, T50 times, paste volumes, 28-day compressive strengths, dry unit weights, thermal conductivities and ultrasonic pulse velocity of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete were obtained over the range of 600-770 mm, 3-9 s, 435-540 W, 10.6-65.0 MPa, 845-2278 kg/m^{3, 0.363-1.694 W/mK and 2617-4770 m/s respectively, which satisfies not only the strength requirement of semi-structural lightweight concrete but also the flowing ability requirements and thermal conductivity requirements of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete.}

13 illus, 9 tables, 28 ref

003819   Kalita P;Dewan A;Borah S (Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781 039, Email: pankaj.kalita@gmail.com) : Review on recent developments in solar distillation units. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 203-23.

The solar still is gaining popularity among the scientific community for the production of distillate and fluoride free water due to its low cost and simple working principle. Continuous efforts have been made by various researchers to increase its productivity. Various techniques and configurations have been attempted in the literature to enhance the efficiency of the solar still. Many researchers have also studied different parameters influencing the performance of solar stills. Thermodynamic analysis, such as, energy balance and losses by using the second law of thermodynamics have also been reported in the literature. However, optimum combinations of the operating parameters in addition to thermodynamic optimization for high distillate yield as well as the efficiency have not been thoroughly studied in the literature. In the present work, an emphasis has been given to review the effects of various operating and geometric parameters, and thermodynamic optimization on the performance of a solar still.

1 illus, 9 tables, 77 ref

003818   Guha A;Narayanan G (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, Email: aguha@ee.iisc.ernet.in) : Modelling and analysis of an open-loop induction motor drive incorporating the effect of inverter dead-time. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 125-45.

The objective of this paper is to study the influence of inverter dead-time on steady as well as dynamic operation of an open-loop induction motor drive fed from a voltage source inverter (VSI). Towards this goal, this paper presents a systematic derivation of a dynamic model for an inverter-fed induction motor, incorporating the effect of inverter dead-time, in the synchronously revolving dq reference frame. Simulation results based on this dynamic model bring out the impact of inverter dead-time on both the transient response and steady-state operation of the motor drive. For the purpose of steady-state analysis, the dynamic model of the motor drive is used to derive a steady-state model, which is found to be non-linear. The steady-state model shows that the impact of dead-time can be seen as an additional resistance in the stator circuit, whose value depends on the stator current. Towards precise evaluation of this dead-time equivalent resistance, an analytical expression is proposed for the same in terms of inverter dead-time, switching frequency, modulation index and load impedance. The notion of dead-time equivalent resistance is shown to simplify the solution of the non-linear steady-state model. The analytically evaluated steady-state solutions are validated through numerical simulations and experiments.

20 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

003817   Ebrahimnejad A (Mathematics Dep, Qaemshahr Branch Islamic Azad Univ, Qaemshahr, Iran, Email: aemarzoun@gmail.com) : Fuzzy linear programming approach for solving transportation problems with interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 299-316.

Transportation problem (TP) is an important network structured linear programming problem that arises in several contexts and has deservedly received a great deal of attention in the literature. The central concept in this problem is to find the least total transportation cost of a commodity in order to satisfy demands at destinations using available supplies at origins in a crisp environment. In real life situations, the decision maker may not be sure about the precise values of the coefficients belonging to the transportation problem. The aim of this paper is to introduce a formulation of TP involving interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for the transportation costs and values of supplies and demands. We propose a fuzzy linear programming approach for solving interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers transportation problem based on comparison of interval-valued fuzzy numbers by the help of signed distance ranking. To illustrate the proposed approach an application example is solved. It is demonstrated that study of interval-valued trapezoidal fuzzy numbers transportation problem gives rise to the same expected results as those obtained for TP with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.

1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

003816   Deepak Kumar;Ramakrishnan A G (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: dipkmr@gmail.com) : Binary classification posed as a qudratically constrained quadratic programming and solved using particle swarm optimization. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 289-98.

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used in several combinatorial optimization problems. In this work, particle swarms are used to solve quadratic programming problems with quadratic constraints. The central idea is to use PSO to move in the direction towards optimal solution rather than searching the entire feasible region. Binary classification is posed as a quadratically constrained quadratic problem and solved using the proposed method. Each class in the binary classification problem is modeled as a multidimensional ellipsoid to form a quadratic constraint in the problem. Particle swarms help in determining the optimal hyperplane or classification boundary for a data set. Our results on the Iris, Pima, Wine, Thyroid, Balance, Bupa, Haberman, and TAE datasets show that the proposed method works better than a neural network and the performance is close to that of a support vector machine.

3 illus, 7 tables, 31 ref

003815   Dastgerdi K;Mehrshad N;Farshad M (Electronics Dep, Operational Aviation Branch, Birjand International Airport, South Khorassan Airports General Administration, Birjand, Iran, Email: k.dastgerdi@airport.ir) : New intelligent approach for air traffic control using gravitational search algorithm. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 183-91.

Aircraft landing planning (ALP) is one of the most important challenging problems in the domain of air traffic control (ATC). Solving this NP-hard problem is a valuable aid in organizing air traffic in terminal control area (TCA), which itself leads to a decrease in aircraft fuel consumption, costs of airlines, and workload undertaken by air traffic controllers. In the present paper, the ALP problem is dealt with by applying effective rich knowledge to the optimization process (to remove obvious non-optimal solutions), and the first use of Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in resolving such a case. In this regard, while the specific regulations for safe separation have been observed, the optimal landing time, the optimal runway, and the order of consecutive landings have been determined so that the main goal (minimizing total flight delays) would be best met. Results of simulations show that this approach, compared to previous ones, which are based on Genetic and Bionomic algorithms, GLS, and Scatter search method, considerably decreases total flight delays. Attaining zero in the total flight delays in three scenarios with real data shows that the suggested intelligent approach is more decisive than others in finding an optimal solution.

3 illus, 12 tables, 27 ref

003814   Bu J;Tian Z (College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai Univ, Nanjing, Jiangsu-210 098, Email: bujingwu2008@163.com) : Relationship between pore structure and compressive strength of concrete: Experiments and statistical modeling. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 337-44.

Properties of concrete are strongly dependent on its pore structure features, porosity being an important one among them. This study deals with developing an understanding of the pore structure-compressive strength relationship in concrete. Several concrete mixtures with different pore structures are proportioned and subjected to static compressive tests. The pore structure features such as porosity, pore size distribution are extracted using mercury intrusion porosimetry technique. A statistical model is developed to relate the compressive strength to relevant pore structure features.

6 illus, 5 tables, 27 ref

003813   Banerjee J;Ray R;Vadali S R K;Shome S N;Nandy S (School of Mechatronics, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur-713 209, Email: jeetban89@gmail.com) : Real-time underwater image enhancement: An improved approach for imaging with AUV-150. Sadhana 2016, 41(2), 225-38.

An RGB YCbCr Processing method (RYPro) is proposed for underwater images commonly suffering from low contrast and poor color quality. The degradation in image quality may be attributed to absorption and backscattering of light by suspended underwater particles. Moreover, as the depth increases, different colors are absorbed by the surrounding medium depending on the wavelengths. In particular, blue/green color is dominant in the underwater ambience which is known as color cast. For further processing of the image, enhancement remains an essential preprocessing operation. Color equalization is a widely adopted approach for underwater image enhancement. Traditional methods normally involve blind color equalization for enhancing the image under test. In the present work, processing sequence of the proposed method includes noise removal using linear and non-linear filters followed by adaptive contrast correction in the RGB and YCbCr color planes. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with three golden methods, namely, Gray World (GW), White Patch (WP), Adobe Photoshop Equalization (APE) and a recently developed method entitled "Unsupervised Color Correction Method (UCM)". In view of its simplicity and computational ease, the proposed method is recommended for real-time applications. Suitability of the proposed method is validated by real-time implementation during the testing of the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV-150) developed indigenously by CSIR-CMERI.

12 illus, 8 tables, 29 ref

002898   Thombre S;Bhuiyan M Z H;Soderholm S; Kirkko-Jaakkola M;Ruotsalainen L;Kuusniemi H (Navigation and Positioning Dep, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, National Land Survey NLS, Masala, Finland) : Software multi-GNSS receiver implementation for the Indian regional navigation satellite system. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 246-56.

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is currently under development with four out of the total planned seven satellites deployed in space. The Department of Navigation and Positioning of the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI) has been an early adopter of this system in Europe through the development of its software-based multi-frequency multi-GNSS receiver, called FGI-GSRx. This paper presents the results of the first comprehensive IRNSS receiver implementation in Finland, if not in Europe, using the FGI-GSRx receiver. Following a brief description of the IRNSS system, the paper presents the receiver architecture, including the acquisition and tracking stages, and position computation. The results show that IRNSS satellites when used in multi-GNSS positioning can be beneficial in augmenting other satellite systems over north and east Europe. These benefits are expected to grow as more IRNSS satellites are deployed in space in the future. Therefore, the impact of these results is interesting to the positioning, navigation, and timing community even outside the intended service area of IRNSS.

10 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

002897   Sudhar J G;Arjunan D J M (NO, , ) : Viscosity measurement using falling ball method using labview. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(2), 19-24.

The viscosity is one of the most important parameter in manufacturing of fluids such as the beverages and lubricant oils. In this paper the dynamic viscosity measurement is proposed to be done automatically by using falling ball method. The velocity of ball and fluid density are necessary to find the viscosity under falling ball method. The velocity of ball is determined by dropping a ball in a fluid filled tube and the ball is detected at specific intervals using sensors. A load cell setup is used to determine the density of the fluid. LabVIEW with data acquisition card is used to determine the above parameters automatically and the viscosity is determined.

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002896   Sneha K R;Chandra Bose K N (NO, , ) : 110KV primary substation automation based on PLC and SCADA. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(2), 5-13.

This research paper describes the automated switch control of 110kV primary substation by using SCADA and PLC ladder logic. The basic idea behind substation automation is to monitor the switchyards in substation. In substation, many relays and circuit breakers are used. When any one of the breakers are tripped, serious issues may happened and hence, it required monitoring and controlling through sophisticated system like SCADA. In this project, signals are given to the computer of the substation where there is an electronic control unit which controls the sequence of disconnecting the load. On the basis of controls from computer the breakers are managed through SCADA system. If there any problem occurs in plant, we can easily identify which part is tripped. After that we can troubleshoot the problem through manpower and monitor the substation. Objective of this project is to transform manual control system to automated switch control system. This paper analyses the performances of incoming feeders and outgoing feeders of 110kV substation for real time data monitoring by using SCADA wonderware intouch software. Also automate all the process taking place in the substation. The simulation based approach automated systems are demonstrated in this research. According to the simulation result, the proposed automated control system using PLC are met with the desired control environment with high performance stage, based on actual data available from 110kV substation.

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002895   Singha S;Sinhamahapatra K P (NO, , ) : Vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder at low and subcritical Reynolds numbers - part II: subcritical Reynolds number. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(2), 61-71.

The vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder at a low subcritical Reynolds number of 3900 over wide ranges of the influencing parameters is reported in this part of the paper. The cylinder dynamics is modeled using a spring-damper-mass system and the fluid dynamics is simulated using a large eddy simulation approach. An implicit, collocated moving grid finite volume algorithm implemented on an unstructured triangular mesh is adopted to solve the fluid dynamic equations. Large-amplitude vibration occurs over a certain range of frequency ratio. The large-amplitude vibration of the cylinder affects the flow and wake structure considerably. When the frequency ratio is out of this range, the vibration amplitude is small. However, at low subcritical Reynolds number, the force coefficients undergo large amplitude oscillation even when the vibration amplitude is reasonably small.

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002894   Singha S;Sinhamahapatra K P (NO, , ) : Vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder at low and subcritical Reynolds numbers-part I: low Reynolds numbers. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(2), 35-60.

The vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder at low and low subcritical Reynolds numbers is studied numerically over wide ranges of the influencing parameters. The cylinder dynamics is modeled using a spring-damper-mass system and the fluid dynamics is simulated using the two-dimensional approximation. An implicit, collocated moving grid finite volume algorithm implemented on an unstructured triangular mesh is adopted to solve the fluid dynamic equations. The numerical simulation confirms that large-amplitude vibration occur over a certain range of frequency ratio, particularly at lower mass-damping. The large-amplitude vibration of the cylinder affects the flow and wake structure considerably and the wake takes the shape of two distinct rows of vortices. For frequency ratios out of this range, the vibration amplitude is small and the cylinder motion hardly affects the classical Karman-structure of the wake.

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002893   Singh S K;Kashyap P S (Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Dep, College of Technology, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: sachinkumar88gzb@gmail.com) : Sediment outflow from paddy mulch at varying land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions. Hortflora Res Spectrum 2016, 5(4), 275-83.

Soil erosion in India is really need of hour as to improve soil health is on main agenda. Various measures are used by researchers to reduce soil loss due to runoff and best one is found to be biological measures. In biological measures, organic mulches are very effective in preventing soil erosion, to reduce sediment transport rate, runoff and increasing infiltration. The study was carried out with the objectives to observe the sediment outflow during paddy mulch treatments at selected land slopes with different rainfall intensities under simulated rainfall conditions, just to count soil loss. The quantity of mulch was taken as, 6 ton/ha, 8 ton/ha and 10 ton/ha and for each mulch treatment, three rainfall intensities viz. 11cm/h, 13cm/h and 14.65cm/h at 0%, 2% and 4% land slopes were selected. The average sediment concentration and outflow was found to be increasing with the increase in land slope, but sediment concentration and outflow decreased with increasing mulch rate for particular land slope and rainfall intensity. The sediment outflow rate for no mulch treated land was higher as compared to paddy straw mulch treated lands. Mathematical relationships were developed for relating sediment outflow rate, sediment concentration, land slope and rainfall intensity for a particular mulch treatment. It was observed that values of sediment outflow rate and average sediment concentration had a good correlation with rainfall intensity and land slope for each mulch treatment. The correlation coefficients of developed models were found to be more than 90% which supports mulching as the best biological measure.

8 illus, 19 ref

002892   Singh P;Pandey A K (NO, , ) : Nuclear safety and its regulation. J nucl Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 14-16.

Nuclear power plants use materials to produce heat which indirectly is converted to electricity. Radioactive materials are produced as a byproduct. The radioactive materials play a major role in cancer therapy but are hazardous to health. The use and process involved in the management and production of these has to hence regulated and monitored to ensure nuclear safety. To ensure nuclear safety qualified staff and effective workforce safety culture is required. The objective of nuclear safety is to protect and safeguard workers in the nuclear industry and to prevent environmental hazards. The use of nuclear energy in generation of electricity is extremely safe. Considering probable accidents and safety requirements licensing regulations are framed accordingly.

002891   Shibani A A;Gayathri R (NO, , ) : SCADA approach to treat and control the syrup flow in sugar industries. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(1), 17-22.

The objective of our project is to examine various processes in sugar industries such as adding some chemical agents such as phosphoric acid and flocculant to treat the untreated syrup from sugarcane through milling and heating process. In many sugar industries, they process raw cane for the production of sugar and add some chemical agents manually to purify syrup and to maintain its acidic level. Sulphuric acid is added to maintain PH of syrup to 7. Flocculant is a chemical agent, which is added to remove suspended particles from the syrup. In this paper, our role is to design automatic sequence control by using SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System).

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002890   Sharma P;Khan W (NO, , ) : Energy saving measures in industrial production. J nucl Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 6-9.

The Energy Efficiency Project for the industries will improve energy efficiency in public and social facilities and enables environment for sustainable energy financing. The primary and secondary aim of this paper is to save energy that will results in economical environment friendly production practices. This paper proposes ideas that how energy saving can be executed in industries by the application of energy saving products. Case Studies have been carried out to bring out the quantitative data for the comparison, analysis and decision making regarding implementation. Energy conservation and efficiency measures help in reducing the economic cost and effect on environment. The paper tries to convert the energy saving into the monetary value to showcase the actual impact of suggestive measures on the production economy. The end results show 54% savings to investment ratio with a payback period of 137 days.

002889   Sharifi A A;Sharifi M;Niya M J M (Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ of Tabriz, Iran) : Collaborative spectrum sensing under primary user emulation attack in cognitive radio networks. IETE J Res 2016, 62(2), 205-11.

Spectrum sensing is the main function of cognitive radio (CR), which enables the CR users to detect the spectrum holes. Inherent characteristics of CR have imposed some serious threats to the networks. One of the common threats in CR network is primary user emulation attack (PUEA). In this particular type of attack, some malicious users try to imitate primary signal characteristics and defraud CR users to prevent them from accessing the spectrum holes. Therefore, an effective defense strategy is extremely important for robust collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS). The current study introduces a new CSS scheme in the presence of an intelligent PUEA, called attack-aware CSS (ACSS), which is aware of spectrum holes and actually co-located with the licensed primary user (PU) and transmits with the same power level in a way that CR users are not easily able to differentiate between received signal from PU and PUEA. The idea is based on attack strength estimation, where the attack strength is defined as the channel occupancy rate of malicious PUEA which equals to the probability that the malicious emulator occupies a specific spectrum hole. The proposed approach estimates the attack strength and innovatively applies in Neyman-Pearson or likelihood ratio test to improve collaborative sensing performance. Simulation results are provided to indicate the superiority of the proposed ACSS method against PUEA compared with the conventional method.

7 illus, 18 ref

002888   Satheesh Babu R;Shreesha C;Thirunavukkarasu I (NO, , ) : Comparative realization of 2DOF pid controllers for flow process with measurement delay. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(1), 1-8.

Two Degree-of-Freedom (2DoF) PID control techniques presented in this paper were developed based on H? optimal control theory and with the Anti-Integral Windup (AIW) scheme. The controllers were implemented for a laboratory flow process setup. First Order Process with Dead Time (FOPDT) models had been identified by step testing. The process responses showed a significant non-minimum phase dynamics exhibited for the specific step inputs applied. The measurement delay was considered as large delay in the fast acting loop. In this work the 2DoF PID AIW control scheme was developed in association with the conventional Smith predictor to rectify the final control element's delayed actuation. The objective of this work was to compare the realization of 2DoF PID controllers tuned for the flow process on the basis of time domain performances. The control system's performances were analyzed for its ability to minimize the power consumption associated with the final control element. In this paper, it is shown that the 2DoF PID AIW controller performs betterthan H? PID controller and it is a simple and reliable control technique to implement for a real system.

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002887   Sahil;Virdi G S;Arora A;Alka (NO, , ) : Design and analysis of MEMS based piezoelectric accelerometer having square shaped proof mass. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(2), 72-8.

In any spacecraft launching program, the most prominent issue is to locate the spacecraft or satellite, in particular orbit of any particular planet. Now, while making the position of that spacecraft in space, abrupt changes in velocity occur and these velocity changes can break the controlling circuitry of the system since the velocity changes occur at very high environmental pressure. The designed device converts the deflections due to mentioned pressure caused by environment, into electric signal. This research work describes the design and analysis of micro-electromechanical system-based accelerometer consisting of square-shaped proof mass suspended by four beams. The physical dimensions of the accelerometer have been optimized using some standard mathematical equations. The work is based on the mathematical design and analysis of accelerometer for 2 kHz resonant frequency used in space applications. During the research work, many computations and analysis are carried out after optimizing the parameters of device. The model is being simulated with varying physical dimensions and results are being plotted. The designed accelerometer has the base of silicon material that has very high range of temperature tolerance and as far as the gravitational force is concerned this device can work up to the gravitational force 50 times of earth's gravitational force. Zink oxide is used here as piezoelectric material instead of PZT since PZT is not an ecofriendly material due to presence of lead. The effect on Eigen frequency is being analyzed after deposition of ZnO. With extremely low mass of 20 g and functional volume of 8 mm3 this sensor has very low power consumption and has tight integration with electronics. This MEMS sensor is extremely appealing for reducing the size and mass of spacecraft without sacrificing functionality.

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002886   Ramesh Kumar;Sarwan Kumar;Sengupta A (NO, , ) : Electrical impedance tomography system and its application. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(2), 14-22.

Nowadays, the objective of medical research is to improve the diagnostic tools and instruments such as to develop new assessment methods, non-invasive and long-term monitoring method. Currently, the non-invasive technique is used for during pregnancy and labor due to its standard clinical approach. Such as ultrasound and MCG, CTG is also used during pregnancy because of its sensitivity to the mother and fetal movement but it is not used during labor. Radiation is harmful to both fetus and mother. Due to this method is not recommended for long time monitoring. This limitationis overcome by our proposed non-invasive bio-impedance method. Electrical impedance tomography is a radiation-free and non-invasive, monitoring technique that permits real-time imaging of the body. The purpose of this review article is to discuss about different parts of EIT system and algorithms and to review the use of EIT technique in critical care patients. And also discuss about different types of methods for acquisition of data from the body and reconstruction algorithms to calculate its potential for imaging of the body. The EIT technique offers several profits over other imaging modalities.

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002885   Perkins A L (NO, , ) : Horizontal collision impact on avionics. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(1), 30-6.

A Cessna 525B citation CJ3 (a stretched variant of the 525A Citation CJ2) was involved in an on-ground horizontal crash that occurred between a fast moving car and a towed airplane. The Avionics packages were not bench tested before being declared acceptable for continued usage by the manufacturer. A search of the FAA crash and hard landings web listings (Boeing, 2011) revealed few similar and no identical accidents; no statistics were available upon which to base a declaration of acceptable usage. Further, we could not locate comprehensive horizontal impact research articles. In this paper we present a component level analysis of inferred damage within the CJ3'savionic equipment that one may reasonably expect to find with sufficient horizontal impact, based on existing component part and PCB board analysis. This study of the individual component parts tests serves as a proxy for these needed drop tests and statistical analysis (albeit with unspecified accuracy). This generic damage profile for avionics component parts damage indicates that avionics equipment may be compromised during horizontal impact even if they pass bench testing.

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002884   Nayak S;Nalini J;Deepak B B V L (NO, , ) : Development of gesture controlled robot using 3-axis accelerometer. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(1), 23-34.

The diffusion of unstoppable juggernaut of computational innovations and artificial intelligence into our lives makes human-computer interaction (HCI) as the most emphasizing field for the current researchers and scientists. But the orthodox usage of mouse and keyboards for HCI makes our life tedious and stereotyped. After all to prosper the quality of life of elderly and physically challenged people, the improvisation of gesture control technology is a burning urgency. Thus with a sublime goal to create a modernized environment for HCI exterminating all the undesired-age old-orthodox communicating peripherals like keyboard, mouse, etc.; our paper steps forward. It portrays how to control a robot using hand gesture control technique with a 3-axis accelerometer sensor. The working of the sensor is based on the concept of acceleration due to gravity at different positions with its varied orientations. It is placed between any two fingers of the hand. The output of the accelerometer sensor is directly fed to the microcontroller and depending on the hand movement, the robot is controlled. The robot uses differential drive for movement and gets power from motor driver board attached to the chassis. The hand gestured device and the robot is connected through wireless RF (radiofrequency) communication using zigbee module.

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002883   Murali K;Sabik Nainar A;Sridhar Sundhkaran M (NO, , ) : Design and analysis versatile thrust vectoring characteristics of a military turbojet engine. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(1), 37-46.

This paper under the title of "Versatile thrust vectoring characteristics of a military turbojet engine" deals with the latest developments that exist and those which are proposed to be established in the field of VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aeronautical engineering. The biggest problem that exists today in that field is that no aircraft can have both Vertical takeoff and Supersonic cruise on a same design. To overcome this, a turbojet engine VTOL technology is proposed instead of using a typical afterburning turbofan engine. VTOL technology is regularly used in the VTOL fighter aircrafts that exist today. The basic requirements and contents of the thrust vector control system are a fixed convergent-divergent aft nozzle, a flexible retractable-extendable ventral nozzle and an innovative idea of a fish mouth aerospike. Also two separate mechanisms are required to control the working of the opening and closing process of the aerospike and the extension and retraction process of the ventral nozzle. In this project the design and modeling of those two nozzles and that spike are carried out in CATIA V5 and the CFD flow analysis of those same subjects are done in ANSYS 12.0 CFD FLOTRAN. Then the capability and timing of working of all these engine hardware at different phases of aircraft flight performance are thoroughly discussed. The operational difficulties are analyzed and the solutions are also discussed.

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002882   Monika R;Sasireka M;Prasad S J S;Senthilkumar A (NO, , ) : Multi-objective particle swarm optimization based PID tuning of ball and beam system. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(1), 35-40.

Ball and beam system is an unstable and nonlinear system which is specially designed for understanding various control engineering problems. The proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller is mostly used to stabilize the ball on the beam. Initially, Skogestad internal model control (SIMC) tuning method is used to design the PID controller for stabilizing the ball at desired position on the beam. The parameters of PID controller decide the performance of the ball and beam system. The performance of ball and beam system is analyzed with multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) based PID controller and compared with SIMC based PID controller of ball and beam system. The simulation results show that the MOPSO based PID controller gives better performance when compared to the SIMC based PID controller of ball and beam system.

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002881   Misal S A;Sathe V S (NO, , ) : Performance assessment of IRT method for distillation model control. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(1), 27-30.

A Wood and Berry distillation column was considered for experimentation and the Improved Relay Tuning (IRT) method was applied for design of optimum PID settings. The closed loop response was obtained using optimum values of PID parameters and compared with that ofconventional relay method and other non relay method. The integral square error (ISE) criterion for the performance assessment was used and it was found that the integral error has been decreased by IRT method as compared to other methods. Hence the improved relaytuning method gives better performance for distillation column model.

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002880   Misal S A (NO, , ) : Performance comparison of IRT method with NNMPC method. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(2), 1-4.

The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system was used for experimentation and theimproved relay tuning (IRT) method was applied for design of optimum PID settings. The closed loop response was obtained using these optimum PID settings and compared with that of neural network model predictive control (NNMPC) method. The integral absolute error (IAE) criterion for the performance evaluation was used and it was found that the integral error has been decreased by IRT method as compared to that of NNMPC control method. Hence, the IRT method gives improved performance for CSTR system.

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002879   Laware A R;Talange D B;Bandal V S (NO, , ) : Temperature control of heat exchanger using sliding mode control law. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(1), 14-26.

Shell and tube heat exchanger system is widely used in chemical plants as it sustains wide range of temperature and pressure. The main purpose of heat exchanger is to transfer heat from a hot fluid to a cooler fluid, so temperature control of outlet fluid is having prime importance. To control the temperature of outlet fluid of shell and tube heat exchanger, a conventional PID controller can be used. But due to inherent disadvantages of conventional control techniques, sliding mode controller is proposed to control the temperature of outlet fluid of shell and tube heat exchanger. The designed controller regulates the outlet fluid temperature to a desired set point in a shortest time irrespective of inlet process fluid temperature and flow rate variations and non-linearity. The proposed sliding mode controller gives better dynamic performance than the classical controllers, in terms of process speed, settling time, maximum overshoot and steady state error.

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002878   Khalid S (NO, , ) : Fuzzy logic controlled shunt active power filter for constant frequency aircraft power system in balanced and unbalanced loads conditions. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(2), 79-88.

Synchronous reference frame technique for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters has been assessed for 400 Hz aircraft electric power system. From that point forward, its performance has been compared when optimized using fuzzy logic control. Critical analysis of comparisons of the compensation ability of these two techniques based on THD and compensation time will be done, and suggestions will be given for the selection of the best method to be used. The simulated results are presented. That will prove the importance of the proposed control method of aircraft shunt SAF in the aviation industry.

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002877   Hemavathy G;Madhubala V;Velusamy M V; Girirajkumar S M (NO, , ) : Real-time temperature control system and performance exemplification with conventional PID. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(1), 31-5.

In process control industries, automatic controllers are introduced. PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers are the work horses of many industrial controller applications. Significant research work has been carried out to improve the performance of closed loop response with a PID controller so that it can be used for real time temperature control system. Also performance of a PID controller is investigated for different performance metrics such as Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Time absolute Error (ITAE), and Integral Square Error (ISE); is presented and simulation is carried out. Out of the control algorithms ZN outperforms with no overshoot, faster settling time, improved set point tracking and outgrowth lower performance indices.

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002876   Havaldar S N;Pawar S;Lele A;Rishi A;Pradhan R (NO, , ) : CFD analysis of NACA 2412 and NACA 2412 with passage for lift augmentation. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(2), 1-7.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of a three dimensional (3-D) National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 2412 airfoil was compared with same dimensional 3-D NACA 2412 with internal passage. The computational domain was composed of 2109509 elements for NACA 2412 and 2258962 elements for NACA 2412 with internal passage. Calculations were done for various Mach numbers by varying the angle of attack constant for above mentioned turbulence model. The flow patterns were studied by solving the steady-state governing equations of continuity and momentum conservation combined with turbulence Spalart-Allmaras model. The objective of the study was to compare flow separation location and characteristics for the NACA 2412 and NACA 2412 with internal passage. From the results, we observe that as the angle of attack increases, the value of lift coefficient also increases which in turn implies increase in lift force. When we compare the lift coefficient for 3D NACA 2412 airfoil and 3D NACA 2412 airfoil with internal passage, we can observe that value of lift coefficient is higher for 3D NACA 2412 airfoil with internal passage at high angle of attack and at higher free stream velocities. From the comparison of the pattern of streamlines for 3D NACA 2412 airfoil and 3D NACA 2412 airfoil with internal passage, we can conclude that point of separation for 3D NACA 2412 airfoil with internal passage is shifted towards trailing edge. This reduces the boundary layer separation at higher angle of attack from the airfoil.

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002875   Havaldar S N;Pawar S;Lele A;Pradhan R;Rishi A (NO, , ) : Experimental investigation of lift for NACA 2412 airfoil without internal passage with NACA 2412 airfoil wih internal passage in a subsonic wind tunnel. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(2), 27-34.

Wind tunnel experiments were carried out in a subsonic wind tunnel in Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at MITCOE, Pune. The objective of this research was to compare the experimental coefficient of lift and drag for a NACA 2412 airfoil with that for NACA 2412 airfoil with internal passage. Both the airfoils were of same dimensions and profile. The chord length (c) was 100 mm and the span (b) was 100 mm. The range of free stream velocity measured upstream with Pitot tube was in the range of 8 to 18ss m/s. The density of air was taken to be 1.2 kg/m3. Experimental results indicate that the lift coefficient for 3D NACA 2412 airfoil with internal passage was marginally higher than the lift coefficient for 3D NACA 2412. We can conclude that point of separation for 3D NACA 2412 airfoil with internal passage is shifted towards trailing edge. This reduces the boundary layer separation at higher angle of attack from the airfoil. The range of angle of attack (a) was between zero and 40°.

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002874   Harish B;Prasad K S;Rao G U M (NO, , ) : Static analysis of 4-blae marine propeller. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(2), 8-21.

Ships and underwater vehicles like submarine and torpedoes use propeller for propulsion. In general, propellers are used as propulsions and they are also used to progress significant plunge to propel the vehicle at its operational speed and RPM. Much has been said and published on the development of the marine propeller from the time of antiquity to the present age, but there is more to be done. This paper describes the design procedure of four bladed marine propellers with specific interest on engines with 85 Bhp and ship moving at a speed of 30 knots. Static analysis was carried out on aluminum, composite propeller which is a combination of R Glass, S2 glass and CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) materials. Here different sections are considered to create single blade using HYDRO PROCAD and using section coordinate data 3D 4 blade propeller modeled in CATIA V5R20 and analysis are performed using FLUENT and ANSYS software. Material results are compared and the stresses obtained are well within the safe limits of elastic property of the materials.

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002873   Goyal A;Singh S;Shilpi Kumari (NO, , ) : Smart car parking system with ALS sensor using myrio. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(2), 35-41.

This project deals with the design of an intelligent car parking monitoring system utilizing ultra-sonic sensor, DC motor where as an ambient light sensor using myRIO controller in LabVIEW. The system focuses on low power sensor based system, designed to monitor the number of vehicles entering the parking and to control the light intensity required for sufficient lighting in the parking area. The system is designed to be implemented in modern day car parking lots in companies, apartments and mall etc, with minimum disturbance and installation costs. Ambient light sensor utilizes its ability of measuring light intensity to use available electrical energy efficiently in parking area. Depending on present intensity of light in parking area, it switches ON/OFF different light equipment in that area.

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002872   Ghos S;Mannan M A (NO, , ) : Modeling, analysis and LQR control of an EV differential using IPMSM. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(2), 23-34.

Recently, the mechanical differential (MD) of vehicle has been replaced by electronic differential (ED) by means of electric motor. Electronic differential ensures dynamic and robust control of the vehicle behavior. The ED has been designed for an electrical vehicle (EV) based on IPMSM due to its some inherent advantageous features. The design of speed controller of an IPMSM mainly depends on its mathematical model. The mathematical model based speed controller has been developed without consideration of core loss. Practically, the performance of torque control is affected by the core loss. Hence, the core loss during the design of a control system should be considered to obtain precise torque as well as speed performance. Conventionally, the speed control strategy of IPMSM has been designed based on PI controller. The design and implementation procedure of PI controller are easier and the gains of it's have been chosen by trial and error method. But, the overshoot and steady-state error cannot be minimized and the controller is not robust under the variation of load disturbance. In this paper linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based speed control of IPMSM is designed and analysis to apply in ED of an EV. The overall system has been demonstrated by simulation studies which are performed by Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation results show that the tracking of reference speed of IPMSM including core loss is achievable without any overshoot and steady-state error by the proposed designed LQR based optimal speed control. Moreover, the designed controller is robust under the variation of load torque.

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002871   Elizabeth Rani T;Lacanya M;Shanmuga Priya K (NO, , ) : Level control of tank system: comparative approach. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(2), 9-12.

Level measurement and control and monitoring are important for many products and processes in a diverse range of industries including manufacturing, storage and service industries. In this paper liquid level in the cylindrical tank is to be controlled at desired value. The composite controllers of proportional integral controller and proportional integral derivative controller was designed using Ziegler Nichols tuning for the cylinderical tank system. The fuzzy logic controller was implemented with two inputs, setpoint and feedback signal. The proposed controllers were tested with periodically varying liquid levels. The controllers were tracking the setpoint exactly. The transient responses of PI, PID and fuzzy logic controllers were analysed using MATLAB Simulink software.

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002870   Dinesh Kumar N;Teja R B;Venu Laxman Goud P (NO, , ) : Missile tracking, detection and firing system. J Control Instrumn 2016, 7(1), 1-6.

The aim of this paper is to plan and build programmed missile tracking and detection framework. This framework is intended to distinguish the object (rocket) moving in different directions. The target terminating framework moves consequently towards rocket and fires it after fixing the target. This framework comprises of an intelligent sonar based tracking framework that persistently screens the target. After identifying the target, it sends the location to a central control system. The central control system makes the action of moving the terminating component toward target (missile). After settling the direction, it sends the control order to terminating the framework for assaulting the target.

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002869   Dinesh Kumar N;Pola B (NO, , ) : Implementation of spectrum analyser using labview. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(2), 25-30.

Process industries prefer instruments that are highly efficient and also which reduces the downtime. In order to improve the efficiency of the instrument the disturbances that effect the instrument must be known. Mostly the efficiency of the instrument is effected by the vibration of the instrument, which is caused due to the imperfections in design, manufacturing, installation, assembly, operation and maintenance of the instrument and many other flaws. In this paper we are introducing an instrument called spectrum analyzer that is capable of measuring these vibrations accurately and monitoring them continuously. Traditional systems have the drawback of complicated information development due to the blend of hardware and software that exists in plants. So to overcome this disadvantage, Virtual instrument software can be used for simulation, and with appropriate interfacing, it can also be applied to data acquisition and control. This paper discusses the measurement and vibration analysis of a system by incorporating LabVIEW into existing system.

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002868   Chacko K;Vimal Kumar V;Ltheef A;Sheeba V (NO, , ) : Study and design of PID controller and state observer technique for inverted pendulum. J Control Instrumn 2015, 6(2), 13-18.

The inverted pendulum is a classic problem in dynamics and control theory and is widely used as a benchmark for testing control algorithms, it is unstable without control. The process is nonlinear and unstable with one input signal and several output signals. It is hence obvious that feedback of the state of the pendulum is needed to stabilize the pendulum. The aim of the study is to stabilize the pendulum such that the position of the carriage on the track is controlled quickly and accurately. The problem involves an arm, able to move horizontally in angular motion, and a pendulum, hinged to the arm at the bottom of its length such that the pendulum can move in the same plane as the arm. The conventional PID controller can be used for virtually any process condition. This made elimination the offset of the proportional mode and still provides fast response. In this paper, we have modelled the system and studied PID controller and state observer controller.

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002867   Bigdeli A;Asadian M (Engineering Dep, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: bigdeli.fiber2010@yahoo.com) : Microstructure-property relationship in nanocomposite fibres prepared by continuous melt compounding. Asian J Chem 2016, 28(1), 151-6.

Further development of the concept of hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites resulted in the continuous preparation of nanocomposite fibers via melt compounding where the polymeric fiber matrix is reinforced by organically modified montmorillonite. Samples containing different amounts of nanoclay prepared by melt intercalation process in a twin screw extruder and then melt spun into the fibers. The nanocomposite samples characterized using X-ray diffraction patterns, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and melt viscoelastic results along with mechanical analyses. The nanocomposite samples showed different microstructural behaviour in nanoscale due to the presence of different amounts of organoclay incorporated in the polymeric matrix. The results also demonstrated that addition of 3 wt. % organoclay was optimal to improve microstructure and properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposite fibers prepared by continuous melt compounding.

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002866   Bhoi J;Laha L (NO, , ) : Nucleon-nucleon scattering by the Hulthen potentials. J nucl Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 17-23.

The nuclear part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction is represented by nuclear Hulthen and the electromagnetic part by atomic Hulthen potentials. Frobenius method is applied to construct the ground state wave function for the systems under consideration. Higher partial wave (Pwave) nucleon-nucleon potentials are generated by exploiting the supersymmetry inspired factorization method and the corresponding scattering phase shifts are computed by applying the phase function method for the local potential. To achieve good agreement with experimental data correction factors are incorporated in the associated S- and P-wave potentials.