004807   Kushwaha H M;Sahu S K (Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore-453 446, Email: hmkushwaha@gmail.com) : Analysis of slip flow heat transfer between two unsymmetrically heated parallel plates with viscous dissipation. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 653-66.

This paper presents an analytical investigation to study the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in the slip flow region for hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow between parallel plates. Both upper and lower plates are subjected to asymmetric heat flux boundary conditions. The effect of first order velocity slip, temperature jump, asymmetric heat flux ratio and viscous dissipation on the heat transfer performance is analyzed. Closed form expressions are obtained for the temperature distribution and Nusselt number. Present predictions are verified for the cases that neglect the viscous heating and microscale effects. The effect of asymmetric heat flux ratio with and without viscous dissipation on Nusselt number for both macroscale and microscale is highlighted. The heat transfer characteristics are found to depend on various modeling parameters, namely, modified Brinkman number, Knudsen number and heat flux ratio.

7 illus, 7 tables, 38 ref

004806   Kulkarni S G;Menghani J V;Lal A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat-395 007, Email: swanand29@rediffmail.com) : Investigation of mechanical properties of fly ash and Al₂O₃ reinforces A356 alloy matrix hybrid comoposite manufactured by improved stir casting. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 27-36.

The present work investigates mechanical properties of A356-alumina, A356-fly ash and A356-hybrid composite. Hybrid reinforcement is produced by taking an equal amount of fly ash and alumina particles. The effect of alumina, fly ash and hybrid reinforcement in A356 alloy is studied to cope with a growing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. To fabricate the composites stir casting technique is used by incorporating useful findings in the literature. Reinforcement content varied from 0 to 12% by weight in steps of 4%. The microstructure, density, porosity, microhardness, compression and tension tests are carried on A356 alloy and composites. The microstructure studies reveal that manufactured composites has refined grain structure. Addition of hybrid reinforcement increased diminutive density of composites with increasing reinforcement %. Porosity is found less in fly ash and hybrid reinforced composite. Microhardness is found maximum for the A356-12 wt% A1₂O₃ composite. The increase in compression and tensile strength is observed due to the addition of alumina, fly ash and hybrid reinforcement %. Finally, the TOPSIS analysis is carried out by developing a MATLAB program to investigate the effective reinforcement type and wt%. It is found that decision of reinforcement type selection changes according to different precedences.

6 illus, 12 tables, 34 ref

004805   Kovuri P R R;Swahney A;Ahuja R (L&T Construction, , Valsad, Gujarat, Email: asawhney@rics.org) : Efficient project delivery using lean principles - an Indian case study. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2016, 97(1), 19-26.

Construction industry in India is growing at a rapid pace: Along with this growth, the industry is facing numerous challenges that are making delivery of projects inefficient. Experts believe that capacity constraints in the industry need to be addressed immediately. Government has recommended 'introduction of efficient technologies and modern management techniques' to increase the productivity of the industry. In this context, lean principles can act as a lever to make project delivery more efficient and provide the much needed impetus to the Indian construction sector. Around the globe lean principles are showing positive results on the projects. Project teams are reporting improvements in construction time, cost and quality along with softer benefits of enhanced collaboration, coordination and trust in project teams. Can adoption of lean principles provide similar benefits in the Indian construction sector? This research was conducted to answer this question. Using an action research approach a key lean construction tool called Last Planner System (LPS) was tested on a large Indian construction project. The work described in this work investigates the improvements achieved in project delivery by adopting LPS in Indian construction sector. Comparison in pre- and post-implementation data demonstrates increase in the certainty of work-flow and improves schedule compliance. This is measured through a simple LPS metric called percent plan complete. Explicit improvements in schedule performance are seen during 8 week LPS implementation along with implicit improvements in coordination, collaboration and trust in the project team. This work reports the findings of LPS implementation on the case study project outlining the barriers and drivers to adoption, strategies needed to ensure successful implementation and roadmap for implementation. Based on the findings the authors envision that lean construction can make project delivery more efficient in India.

4 illus, 2 tables, 53 ref

004804   Kirci P (Engineering Sciences Dep, Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: pkirci@istanbul.edu.tr) : Optimization algorithm for a capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 519-29.

In this paper, vehicle routing problem (VRP) with time windows and real world constraints are considered as a real-world application on google maps. Also, tabu search is used and Hopfield neural networks is utilized. Basic constraints consist of customer demands, time windows, vehicle speed, vehicle capacity and working hours. Recently, cost and on-time delivery are the most important factors in logistics. Thus, the logistic applications attract attention of companies. In logistic management, determining the locations of delivery points and deciding the path are the vital components that should be considered. Deciding the paths of vehicles provides companies to use their vehicles efficiently. And with utilizing optimized paths, big amounts of cost and time savings will be gained. The main aim of the work is providing the best path according to the needs of the customers, minimizing the costs with utilizing the VRP and presenting an application for companies that need logistic management. To compare the results, simulated annealing is used on special scenarios. And t-test is performed in the study for the visited path in km with p-value of 0.05.

15 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

004803   Khettou N;Trifkovic D;Muzdeka S (Military Academy, Defence in Belgrade Univ, Serbia, Email: dragon.trifkovic@va.mod.gov.rs) : Using modelling and simulation to predict dynamics of converted ground vehicle. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 509-16.

In order to redesign and convert the passenger ground vehicle Land Rover defender 110 into military vehicle for different surveillance and reconnaissance missions it is necessary, prior to equipment integration, to assess its future dynamic response. For this purpose, the 19-degree of freedom multibody simulation model of the defender was developed using the software package MSC.ADAMS/Car. The simulation model was validated using the instrumented experimental vehicle for two scenarios namely bump test and double lane change manoeuver. Comparison of numerical predictions suggests reasonably good agreement with the actual vehicle responses. The validated model was then used to assess the effect of longitudinal and vertical position of the added equipment on the responses of the upgraded vehicle. Lateral stability degradation due to the added equipment was also investigated defining the rollover threshold as an objective assessment criterion. The obtained results show considerable lateral stability degradation for both marching and operating heights of the added equipment.

4 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

004802   Khan F U;Izhar (Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, Engineering and Technology Univ, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan, Email: dr_farid_khan@uetpeshawar.edu.pk) : Electromagnetic energy harvester for harvesting acoustic energy. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 397-405.

This paper reports a suspended coil, electromagnetic acoustic energy harvester (AEH) for extracting acoustical energy. The developed AEH comprises Helmholtz resonator (HR), a wound coil bonded to a flexible membrane and a permanent magnet placed in a magnet holder. The harvester's performance is analyzed under different sound pressure levels (SPLs) both in laboratory and in real environment. In laboratory, when connected to 50 Ω load resistance and subjected to an SPL of 100 dB, the AEH generated a peak load voltage of 198.7 mV at the resonant frequency of 319 Hz. When working under the optimum load resistance, the AEH generated an optimum load power of 789.65 μW. In real environment, the developed AEH produced a maximum voltage of 25 mV when exposed to the acoustic noise of a motorcycle and generated an optimum voltage of 60 mV when it is placed in the surroundings of a domestic electrical generator.

9 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

004801   Khan B;Agnihotri G;Mishra A S (Electrical Engineering Dep, Scope College of Engineering, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: baseem_khan04@yahoo.com) : Approach for transmission loss and cort allocation by loss allocation infex and Co-operative game theory. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 41-6.

In the present work authors proposed a novel method for transmission loss and cost allocation to users (generators and loads). In the developed methodology transmission losses are allocated to users based on their usage of the transmission line. After usage allocation, particular loss allocation indices (PLAI) are evaluated for loads and generators. Also Cooperative game theory approach is applied for comparison of results. The proposed method is simple and easy to implement on the practical power system. Sample 6 bus and IEEE 14 bus system is used for showing the effectiveness of proposed method.

1 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

004800   Kazemi M;Rahimi A M;Roshankhah S (Young Researches and Elite Club, Roudsar and Amlash Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Roudsar, Iran, Email: mojtaba.kazemi.r@gmail.com) : Impact assessment of effective parameters on drivers' attention level to urban traffic signs. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2016, 97(1), 63-9.

Traffic signs are one of the oldest safety and traffic control equipments. Drivers' reaction to installed signs is an important issue that could be studied using statistical models developed for target groups. There are 527 questionnaires have been filled up Randomly in 45 days, some by drivers passing two northern cities of Iran and some by e-mail. Therefore, minimum sample size of 384 is fulfilled. In addition, Cronbach Alpha of more than 90% verifies the questionnaire's validity. Ordinal logistic regression is used for 5-level answer variables. This relatively novel method predicts probability of different cases' considering other effective independent variables. There are 18 parameters of factor, man, vehicle, and environment are assessed and 5 parameters of number of accidents in last 5 years, occupation, driving time, number of accidents per day, and driving speed are eventually found as the most important ones. Age and gender, that are considered as key factors in other safety and accident studies, are not recognized as effective ones in this paper. The results could be useful for safety planning programs.

5 tables, 13 ref

004799   Kaushal R;Raj Kumar;Vats G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana-136 119, Email: rajneesh@nitkkr.ac.in) : Experimental and numerical analysis for optimal design parameters of a falling film evaporator. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 643-52.

Present study exhibits an experimental examination of mass transfer coefficient and evaporative effectiveness of a falling film evaporator. Further, a statistical replica is extended in order to have optimal controlling parameters viz. non-dimensional enthalpy potential, film Reynolds number of cooling water, Reynolds number of air and relative humidity of up-streaming air. The models not only give an optimal solution but also help in establishing a correlation among controlling parameters. In this context, response surface methodology is employed by aid of design of experiment approach. Later, the response surface curves are studied using ANOVA. Finally, the relations established are confirmed experimentally to validate the models. The relations thus established are beneficent in furtherance of designing evaporators. Additionally, the present study is among the first attempts to reveal the effect of humidity on the performance of falling film evaporator.

7 illus, 7 tables, 30 ref

004798   Kasinathan M;Wosniok A;Krebber K;Rao C B; Murali N;Jayakumar T (NO, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Email: mkasi@igcar.gov.in) : Optical fiber-defect detection using Brillouin optical time domain analyser. Indian J pure appl Phys 2016, 54(9), 565-70.

A new technique for optical fiber defect detection using Brillouin distributed fiber optic sensor (DFOS) has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. This technique is based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), which offers three wave interaction in single mode optical fiber (SMF -10 μn/125 μm acrylic coated fiber). The nonlinear effect of SBS is manipulated to locate the defect in optical fiber using distributed sensing technology. Various kind of defects may be present in optical fibers. This paper details a case study on observation of a defect, which manifests its presence in certain temperature values. The detail of defect detection through distributed fiber sensor using the SBS has been brought out. SBS is sensitive to temperature and strain. In order to study the effect of defect in distributed fiber sensor as function of temperature and strain, the distributed pre-strained and unstrained optical fiber is subjected to temperature variation and corresponding measurements are obtained with Brillouin optical time domain analyser (BOTDA). This technique enables the utilization of Brillouin parameters, such as decreased amplitude, frequency and increased linewidth in the defect region of the fiber length. The fiber defect location can be determined with spatial resolution accuracy of less than 50 cm of using BOTDA technique.

9 illus, 40 ref

004797   Joshi K P (Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Dep, Pad. Dr. D. Y. Patil Polytechnic, Pune, Maharashtra) : UWB in cognitive wireless communication. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 61-4.

Cognitive radio is a program for wireless communication in which a network or wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters to communicate efficiently with licensed and unlicensed users by avoiding interference. Cognitive radio provides a solution of increasing spectral density by usage of frequency bands that are not heavily occupied by their licensed users. Cognitive radio using ultra wide band (UWB) is one of the best choice because very less interference, dynamically adjustable bandwidth and data rates.

6 tables, 9 ref

004796   John R;Shiv Kumar (Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, , Kochi-682 021, Email: rejijohnnpol@yahoo.com) : Development and testing of a closed loop feedback controlled magnetorheological fluid anti-vibration mount for onboard naval applications. Def Sci J 2016, 66(4), 374-80.

An intelligent semi-active anti-vibration mount using a magnetorheological (MR) fluid is designed and developed for onboard naval applications. The MR mount consists of a load bearing elastomer, MR fluid chamber; MEMS based vibration sensor and a controller for closed loop feedback mechanism. The controller regulates the solenoid current in the MR fluid chamber, which in turn regulates the flow of MR fluid through the valve. Comparison of the performance of MR mount with a passive resilient rubber mount shows that the former provides 7 dB extra damping at resonance compared to the later and the isolation of MR mount starts at 10 Hz compared to 50 Hz by rubber mount. This mount can operate in real time, passive and active modes by using a closed loop feedback control mechanism. The efficacy of the mount for outdoor applications is evaluated by characterising the mechanical, environmental, electrical and electromagnetic properties as per MIL-17185, JSS-55555, and IEC 61000 standards and found to be superior compared to passive mounts. The mount is evaluated for onboard applications in INS Ranvijay.

13 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

004795   Jayalekshmi S;Jegadesh J S S (Civil Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Finite element analysis and codal recommendations of concrete filled steel tubular colums. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2016, 97(1), 33-41.

This work presents the numerical behaviour and theoretical design of axially loaded Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) columns. A numerical investigation using commercial software ANSYS is performed. The numerical models are used for the computations and the results are validated with the corresponding experimental program from the literature. It is observed that the numerical model is able to map the load deflection response of the CFST specimens. A good concurrence is also observed between the experimental and the predicted numerical results. The column strength predicted from the finite element analysis and by using the American Institute of Steel Construction and the Chinese CECS specifications are compared with the corresponding experimental results obtained from the literature. The comparative results ensured that D/t ratio plays a prominent role on the com-pressive behaviour of the CFST specimens. This paper quantifies the difference between the experimental and numerical results, and the ultimate load of the CFST columns estimated by various International code procedures.

6 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

004794   Jain P;Jain V K (NO, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad) : Network bases real time smart alarming video surveillance system for threat detection. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 21-6.

Object detection and tracking are vital and challenging tasks in many computer vision applications such as surveillance, vehicle navigation, and autonomous robot navigation. Moving Object detection and tracking are receiving a growing attention with the emergence of surveillance systems Surveillance is the monitoring of the behavior, activities or other changing information generally of people and object. Video surveillance is commonly used for event detection and human identification. But it is not simple as think to detect the event or tracking the object. Proposed system presents a new framework for smart threat detection with the assistance of video surveillance which captures live streaming from the camera and determine if any object is missing from the field of view. It then raises an alarm by sending an email to the authorised person just right after the object is missing from the field of view. The object is detected with the help of background subtraction and tracked using kalman filter and brought more accuracy on the object's image with the help of morphological operations.

3 illus, 27 ref

004793   Jagapur E D (CSE Dep, Canara Engineering College, Benjana Padavu, Mangaluru, Karnataka) : Distributed cloud storage image control reliability and obliging provable data and confirmation. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 17-20.

Data integrity is very important while storing few data in multi-cloud. Distributed cloud storage is the method of storing the data in obliging provable data for the reliability confirmation. this paper proposes the integrity of data while storing distribute cloud this technique improve can improves overall enterprise performance by avoiding vender lock-in for customers to minimize the computation cost this technique also reduces cost while computation is reflected in performance analysis.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

004792   Intanon N;Saikaew C (Industrial Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen Univ, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand, Email: charn_sa@kku.ac.th) : Effect of surface treatments on wear resistance of spring steel wire as a work-piece material of a fishing net-weaving machine component. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 79-87.

Wear resistance of lower hook, an important fishing net-weaving machine component made from spring steel wire, was improved by systematically investigating the influences of manufacturing factors using experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM). Three manufacturing factors of hard-chrome plated lower hooks including hook forming temperature, plating time and polishing condition were studied and optimized for maximum wear resistance. It was found by statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) that the polishing condition and the interaction between hook forming temperature and plating time significantly affected the hardness of hooks. The hook forming temperature of 30°C, plating time of 80 min, and thread and polishing condition were found to be the optimal manufacturing condition by RSM coupled with desirability function and were proven to give higher wear resistance of the hook compared with those produced with non-optimal condition.

9 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

004791   Ingle P;Mahesh G (NO, , ) : Project performance appraisal using PQR. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 25-33.

The success of a construction project can be indicated by project performance. The concept of project performance has not been clearly defined in the construction industry. Project performance appraisal is usually quantified by performance metrics. To measure performance we need to identify performance metrics. With reference to performance metrics benchmarking of project is done. In literature, while usual performance metrics such as time, cost, quality, client satisfaction etc. are considered many other essential metrics such as effective communication, relationships, collaboration etc. are ignored. To address this issue, improved procedure for project benchmarking using project quarter back rating system can be developed. PQR combines keys performance metrics to evaluate overall performances of projects. PQR is modeled after National Football league's Quarterback rating that measures and compare quarterbacks. Also, PQR identifies project performance metrics, which are responsible for successful completion of project. In PQR, seven parameters are included for analysis. This paper represents a framework of PQR Model, and it incorporate the benchmarks for overall performance of successful projects.

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004790   Gupta M;Srivastava S;Gupta J R P (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Maharaja Agrsen Institute of Technology, Sector 22, Rohini 110086, Email: guptamonika219@rediffmail.com ) : Novel controller for model with combined LFC and AVR loops of single area power system. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 21-9.

In this study, a novel controller is designed to study low frequency oscillations for load frequency control (LFC) and voltage control of a single area power system. For more accuracy in dynamic and steady state responses, mutual effects between LFC and automatic voltage regulation (AYR) loops are investigated in a combined simu-link model of LFC and AVR loops. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is first simulated on model with LFC loop alone. The proposed controller is a hybrid of neural network and fast traversal filters. The proposed hybrid controller requires less number of samples for training of weights, thus making the system fast. To study the coupling effects of AVR and LFC loops, dynamic performance of a complete system model for low frequency oscillation studies comprising of mechanical and electrical loops is done with the proposed controller.

13 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

004789   Gupta M K;Srivastava R K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211 004, Email: mnnit.manoj@gmail.com) : Tribological and dynamic mechanical analysis of epoxy based hybrid sisal/jute composite. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 37-44.

In this paper, wear, frictional and dynamic mechanieal analysis of developed hybrid sisal/jute fiber reinforced epoxy composite are studied. Composites are fabricated by hand lay-up technique keeping constant 30 wt% of fibers content. Wear and frictional properties of hybrid composites are carried out at different operating parameters such as applied load (10-30 N), sliding speed (1-3 m/s) and sliding distance (1000-3000 m). The dynamic mechanical analysis of composites in the term of storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E") and damping parameter (Tan 8) in a temperature range of 30°C to 200°C is investigated. The hybrid composite with 50% of sisal fiber content (J50S50) shows the minimum value of specific wear rate and coefficient of friction while maximum value of storage modulus and loss modulus. Alkali treatment of fibers further reduced the value of specific wear rate and coefficient of friction, and improved the value of storage and loss modulus for hybrid composite J50S50.

10 illus, 6 tables, 23 ref

004788   Goswami G;Solanki K;Ranka J (Applied Sciences Chemistry Dep, JIET Universe, NH-62, Mogra, Pali Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan) : E-waste management. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 42-5.

21st century - An era of people being obsessed with technology where everybody is in the rat race of updating oneself with the latest gadgets but grim reality is they are in oblivion of its aftermath. E-waste is wastage generated from electronic and electrical devices. Basically it comprises engineered plastics, polymers, metals and other materials not naturally decomposable. Problem of E-Waste is exponentially increasing day by day as till today we have always been concerned about technological development regardless of the fact that this development too has a negative side. The most depressing fact about it is that 40 to 50 million metric tons of E-waste are generated worldwide every year yet we are not considering it as a serious problem and taking any effective measures on a vast level to decompose or recycle it. This is directly and indirectly causing numerous problems to human life and environment like polluting the land, occupying the space, generating harmful rays and chemicals which are carcinogenic and neurotoxic. It's high time to work on our shortcomings & the need of the hour is 3R's i.e, REDUCE, REUSE & RECYCLE can lead to less generation and effective management of E-waste. Development should not be demoralized but we should also consider the negative aspects at early stage of development so that it doesn't result in a massive problem as we are facing today.

11 ref

004787   Ghosh A;Das S;Majumder A (NO, Government College of Engineering & Textile Technology, Berhampore, Berhampore-742 101, Email: anindya.textile@gmail.com) : Statical analysis of cotton fiber properties. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2016, 97(1), 1-7.

This paper reports a statistical analysis of different cotton fiber properties, such as strength, breaking elongation, upper half mean length, length uniformity index, short fiber index, micronaire, reflectance and yellowness measured from 1200 cotton bales. The uni-variate, bi-variate and multi-variate statistical analysis have been invoked to elicit interrelationship between above-mentioned properties taking them up singularly, pairwise and multiple way, respectively. In multi-variate analysis all cotton fiber properties are simultaneously considered for multi-dimensional techniques of principal factor analysis.

10 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

004786   Ghorpade A;Srivastava A;Bharambe P;Patil S; Devasagayam D (Mechanical Engineering Dep, F.C.R.I.T., Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra) : Solar desalinator. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 70-3.

The project aims to supply fresh drinkable water by using solar energy which is abundantly available. It focuses on effective use of solar thermal energy by using CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) technology through parabolic mirrors that will concentrate solar energy on the water container. A parabolic dish will enable to raise the temperature of water to leading to evaporation of water anddeactivation or killing of micro-organisms.

5 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

004785   Ghasemi F A;Vanani L M;Anaraki A P;Raissi S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: f.a.ghasemi@srttu.edu) : Charpy impact response of the cracked aluminum plates repaired with FML patches using the response surface methodology. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 536-45.

Here, the effect of fiber metal laminate (FMLs) patches was studied for repairing of single-sided cracked aluminum plates experimentally to see their response to Charpy impact tests. The main desired parameters were composite patch lay-up, crack length, and crack angle each one in three levels. All experimental attempts generated and followed based on the design of experiments method by using of response surface methodology. The predicted energy absorption values obtained from the model were in good agreement with the experimental results. No matter the specimens were repaired or not, as the crack length was increased the energy absorption of the structure was decreased. The experimental results also showed that for lengthen cracks, increasing of the crack angle had more effect on energy absorption. Also it was observed that the patch lay-up effective on the impact response of the specimens. The more the metal layer was departed from the aluminum plate and the FML patches interfacial surface, the less energy was absorbed in the structure.

12 illus, 7 tables, 22 ref

004784   Ghai R;Bansal P P;Maneek Kumar (Civil Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala, Punjab, Email: ghairajinder@gmail.com) : Mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene-rubber latex (SBR) and vinyl-acetate-ethylene (VAE) polymer modofied ferrocement (PMF). J Polym Mater 2016, 33(1), 111-26.

Ferrocement has now become a universally acceptable thin composite material in the field of construction technology. In order to improve the performance of ferrocement, the effects of addition of polymers namely; styrene-butadiene-rubber latex (SBR) and vinyl-acetate-ethylene polymer (VAE) in its mortar matrix, have been studied. The polymer-modified mortar (PMM) matrices were prepared with the addition of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% polymers by weight of cement. Two and three layered wire mesh polymer modified ferrocement (PMF) elements were casted and tested. The test result reflects that the performance of SBR modified ferrocement is better as compared to VAE modified ferrocement. Flexural strength, tensile strength and elongation of three layered PMF on addition of 15% SBRshowedan enhancement by 48.04%, 39.41% and 17.59% respectively, as compared to conventional ferrocement. This is attributable to the development of a polymeric layer, in which the polymer elements merge, a polymeric compound is propagated and an interlocked mesh composition is formed. This study, therefore, recommends the use of 15% SBR modified mortars in three layered wire mesh ferrocement elements for better durability and strength.

10 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref

004783   Geethu R S;Krishnakumar M;Pramod K V;George S N (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, Email: geethurs@gmail.com) : Source separation of heartbeat sounds for effective E-auscultation. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 69-75.

This paper proposes a cost effective solution for improving the effectiveness of e-auscultation. Auscultation is the most difficult skill for a doctor, since it can be acquired only through experience. The heart sound mixtures are captured by placing the four numbers of sensors at appropriate auscultation area in the body. These sound mixtures are separated to its relevant components by a statistical method independent component analysis. The separated heartbeat sounds can be further processed or can be stored for future reference. This idea can be used for making a low cost, easy to use portable instrument which will be beneficial to people living in remote areas and are unable to take the advantage of advanced diagnosis methods.

11 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

004782   Gaidhane V H;Hote Y V;Singh V (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai 34505, Email: vilasgd612@gmail.com) : Emotion recognition using Eigenvalues and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm-based classifier. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 415-23.

In this paper, a simple and computationally efficient approach is proposed for person independent facial emotion recognition. The proposed approach is based on the significant features of an image, i.e., the collection of few largest eigenvalues (LE). Further, a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm-based neural network (LMNN) is applied for multiclass emotions classification. This leads to a new facial emotion recognition approach (LE-LMNN) which is systematically examined on JAFFE and Cohn-Kanade databases. Experimental results illustrate that the LE-LMNN approach is effective and computationally efficient for facial emotion recognition. The robustness of the proposed approach is also tested on low-resolution facial emotion images. The performance of the proposed approach is found to be superior as compared to the various existing methods.

8 illus, 6 tables, 37 ref

004781   Fakruddin K C B;Natarajan C (NO, , ) : Experimental study on the effects of hair fibre waste in concrete. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 58-61.

Increase in construction activities has resulted in consumption of basic ingredients of concrete. Also, there has been an enormous increase in the quantity of human hair waste generated especially from the religious cities. In low densely populated areas, hair waste is discarded in openly in nature where it takes many years to decompose eventually returning the constituent elements, namely, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, causing the ecological imbalance. In high densely populated areas, it often accumulates in large amounts in the solid waste streams and chokes the drainage systems, posing a multifaceted problem. Due to slow degradation, it stays in the dumps/waste streams for long occupying large volumes of space. The disposal of hair waste is creating a severe problem in India. With stringent environment laws for disposal of different waste, many industries are looking for the effective use of their waste. This paper explores the possibilities of using human hair waste in concrete and making sustainable concrete. With an increase in our environmental consciousness, the use of human hair as a sustainable waste material for making concrete is gaining momentum recently. The present work explains the need for the use of human hair in making concrete and the effect of human hair on the properties of concrete. It is also aimed to recommend optimum percentage of human hair for getting maximum strength.

004780   Duraikannan S;Anas S B A;Ali B M;Zan Z; Thiruchelvam V;Varahram P (Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Dep, Wireless and Photonics Network (WIPNET) Research Centre, Faculty of En, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: itzdshankar@yahoo.in) : Analysis of Mach Zehnder modulator response to fiber dispersion in radio over fiber at 60 GHz for multigigabit wireless transmission. Indian J pure appl Phys 2016, 54(9), 571-6.

Radio over fiber (RoF) at 60 GHz band is a promising technology for future wireless multi-gigabit transmission in personal, local and wide area networks. With coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) technique adopted in RoF, to achieve multigigabit speed of transmission, the fiber dispersive effect on the modulated output of Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) of the RoF system play a critical role in limiting the performance of the system. This paper briefly reviews the multi-gigabit wireless transmission at 60 GHz that indicates the need for radio over fiber architecture, followed by the analysis of MZM response in a dispersive fiber it leads to the power degradation of the transmitted signal over distance. The results for varied bias voltages (i.e., for large and small chirp) at finite extinction ratio indicate that the power degradation due to fiber dispersion at any distance of the fiber can be controlled by appropriate choice of the chirp. Furthermore the results indicate that for a personal and local area networks at 60 GHz, which extends up to few hundred meters the power degradation due to fiber dispersion, can be reduced significantly by varying the chirp without any additional dispersion compensation technique.

11 illus, 11 ref

004779   Dhanawade A;Kumar S;Kalmekar R V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat-395 007, Email: skbudhwar@med.svnit.ac.in) : Abrasive water jet machining of carbon epoxy composite. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 522-28.

An experimental study of abrasive water jet machining of carbon epoxy composite is presented. Process parameters namely hydraulic pressure, traverse rate, stand-off distance and abrasive mass flow rate are considered for this study. Taguchi approach and analysis of variance are used to study the influence of process parameters on response characteristics including surface roughness and kerf taper. It is found that hydraulic pressure and traverse rate are most significant parameters to control surface roughness and kerf taper. Microscopic features of the machined surfaces are evaluated using scanning electron microscope and compared with sample surfaces machined by conventional method using diamond edge cutter. A set of process parameters is optimised to achieve minimum surface roughness and kerf taper. Confirmation tests are performed to verify the optimum set of process parameters. Defects like delamination, fibre pull out and abrasive embedment are also studied using scanning electron microscope.

6 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

004778   Dey J;Phani Kumar P (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Jain Univ, Bangalore-562 112, Email: jd@aero.iisc.ernet.in) : Model for turbulent dissipation rate in a constant pressure boundary layer. Sadhana 2016, 41(4), 435-9.

Estimation of the turbulent dissipation rate in a boundary layer is a very involved process. Experimental determination of either the dissipation rate or the Taylor microscale, even in isotropic turbulence, which may occur in a portion of the turbulent boundary layer, is known to be a difficult task. For constant pressure boundary layers, a model for the turbulent dissipation rate is proposed here in terms of the local mean flow quantities. Comparable agreement between the estimated Taylor microscale and Kolmogorov length scale with other data in the logarithmic region suggests usefulness of this model in obtaining these quantities experimentally.

8 illus, 9 ref

004777   Devandiran E;Shaisundaram V S;Shyam Sundar S; Subramaniam C B S;Shihabudeen P N (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Influence of electronic expansion value on the performance of window air conditioner retrofitted with R407C. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 106-10.

The object of this experimental study is to investigate the effects of the expansion devices on the performance of a one TR window air conditioner retrofitted with eco friendly alternative refrigerant R-407C. The widow air conditioner applying the expansion devices of a capillary tube, thermostatic expansion valve and electronic expansion valve is tested by varying changing condenser temperature from 400C to 550C, while maintaining evaporator temperature at 60C. The R 22 capillary tube system is utilized as baseline unit for the performance comparison with the R-407C system. The capacity for the R407C EEV system is higher by 10.1% at full charge condition than that for the R22 capillary tube system. The capacity for the R407C EEV system is higher by 10.2% at full charge condition than that for the R407C TEV system. The COP of R407C EEV system is higher by 15.4% and 12.3% than that of R407C capillary tube and thermostatic expansion valve respectively. The final result show an overall better performance of the electronic expansion valve compared with the thermostatic expansion valve and capillary tube.

10 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

004776   Deepak Kumar;Chaturvedi P;Chouksey A;Jha P; Rawat J S B S;Tandon R P;Chaudnury P K (Solid State Physics Laboratory, , Delhi, Delhi-110 054, Email: pk_chaudhury56@yahoo.com ) : Highly sensitive No₂ detection and DMMP sensing at room temperature using flexible SWNT thick film sensor. Def Sci J 2016, 66(4), 413-20.

Low cost; easy to fabricate and flexible single wall carbon nanotubes thick film resistor (SWNT-TFR) for detailed study of NO₂ detection is reported. SWNT-TFR was fabricated by vacuum filtration technique on flexible polycarbonate membrane. SWNT-TFR sensor shows selective response to NO₂. The response increases from 1.47 per cent to 17.34 per cent by increasing the concentration of NO₂ from 0.2 ppm to 10 ppm. Different energy sources, thermal and UV were explored for achieving fast recovery of the SWNT-TFR sensor. The results showed that the gas sensor shows fast recovery in the presence of UV radiation. The calculated detection limit (DL) is less than 764 ppt for NO₂. This work suggests the possibility to utilize SWNTs-TFR as extremely sensitive NO₂ sensor. We are also presenting sensing of Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a simulant of chemical warfare agent sarin, using SWNT-TFR. The CNT based sensor gives repeatable response of <126>2.7 per cent for 500 ppm of DMMP.

8 illus, 47 ref

004775   De S;Samaddar P;Sarkar S;Sarkar D;Biswas S; Sarkar P P (Engineering & Technological Studies Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani, Nadia-741 235, Email: parthabe91@yahoo.co.in) : Microstrip array antenna with wideband high gain. Indian J pure appl Phys 2016, 54(9), 562-4.

This paper presents theoretical and practical investigations on a planar array antenna with four circular radiating patches and square ground plane for high gain applications. The geometry of the antenna has been optimized to obtain peak gain of 11dBi and bandwidth better than 8 GHz. Good radiation characteristics have also been observed. Theoretical investigations have been done by Ansoft¬ Designer software. Measurements have been done using standard microwave test bench.

9 illus, 8 ref

004774   De A (Atomic Energy Dep, 1/AF, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata-700 064, Email: ade@vecc.gov.in) : Novel design methology for low pass filter stage of a voltage source inverter. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 561-70.

A low pass filter, an invariable constituent of a PWM based voltage source inverter, poses several challenges in its design. With a higher rating of the inverter, the volume as well as the cost of the components increases. With time, the filter design has evolved from the simpler first order filter to higher orders, the most popular being the third order LCL filters. Though the attenuation of high frequency components, offered by the higher order filters, has resulted in improved efficiency, the inherent instability of the higher order filter systems requires complex controls for proper functioning. Keeping this in mind, the paper describes the design methodology of a second order LC filter system based on certain performance indices that reflect the ratings of the components.

15 illus, 17 ref

004773   Das P;Mahesh G;Ranjith Kumar R (NO, , ) : Participatory risk management model for construction projects using expert systems. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2016, 6(2), 17-24.

Construction involves processing of numerous interdependent risks. But risk management in the sector is still largely intuitive and mere system compliance. Meticulous efforts towards a system-based approach is lacking. These lapses emphasized the need for developing an easy to use participatory model for risk management at construction project sites. A model that would not only enhance the effectiveness of the risk management process but also generate essential knowledge that can be preserved for future use across the organization. The paper talks about a Risk Information Based Expert System (RIBES) having a user interface, a rule-based nodal inference engine and a knowledge base. The user interface is comprised of three modules namely, 'Risk Review', 'Query' and 'Solution' through which knowledge is banked, retrieved and created respectively. Primarily, the application predicts risks that might impact a project based on its work breakdown structure during bidding and in the construction phase. Further, the application also facilitates the incorporation of stakeholder perceptions into the risk management process of the organization by creating a module wherein all stakeholders are required to complete a questionnaire based on their contractual obligations. The nodal inference engine predicts mitigation measures for a given risk based on its attributes using a set of rules. The preliminary database comprises of a list of seventy-five unique risks and mitigation measures classified into suitable categories. The same was obtained by conducting several workshops & interviews across the hierarchy in a greenfield airport project.

004772   Chien H C (Electronic Engineering Dep, Jinwen Univ of Science and Technology, No 99, Anzhong Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23154, Taiwan, Email: hcchien@just.edu.tw) : Current-mode resistorless sinusoidal oscillators and a dual-phase square-wave generator using current-controlled current-differencing transconductance amplifiers and grounded capacitors. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 7-19.

In this paper, two new designs for current-mode (CM) resistorless sinusoidal oscillators based on current-controlled current-differencing transconductance amplifiers (CCCDTAs) are presented. Each of the proposed oscillators employs a single CCCDTA along with two grounded capacitors, and the oscillation condition and frequency can be orthogonally controlled using the bias currents of the CCCDTA. This paper also presents a CCCDTA-based CM resistorless dual-phase square-wave generator derived from the proposed oscillator. This paper first presents a literature review of previous designs and then describes the applied CCCDTA as well as the relevant formulations of the proposed circuits followed by non-ideal problems, sensitivity analyses, and computer simulation examples and results. Simulation tests of the proposed circuits were conducted using the HSPICE program. Simulation results confirmed the theoretical analyses and validated the proposed circuits.

13 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

004771   Chavhan V;Mukhopadhyay A (Textile Technology Dep, Vignan Univ, Guntur-522 213, Email: wasim.chavhan@yahoo.com) : Fibrous filter to protect building environments from polluting agents: a review. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2016, 97(1), 63-73.

This paper discusses the use of fibrous filter to protect the building environments from air born polluting agents and especially of concern chemical, biological and radiological agents. Air-filtration includes removal of par-ticulate from air and toxic gases from air. In air filtration, particulate which are mostly biological and radioactive types of agents can be removed by using mechanical and electrostatic filters. Some biological agents, which cannot be removed by air filtration alone, special techniques like antimicrobial finish, UV germicides, coated filters etc. are required. Biocide agent can be added into the fibre itself by grafting reaction to impart antimicrobial activity. Chemical agents like toxic gases can be removed by integrating adsorbents and sorbents in filters or by fibre modifications. It is also possible to impart catalytic conversion properties into the fibre to remove volatile gasous. Radioactive agents can be removed by particulate filter if present in the form of aerosol or by gas cleaning by the use of specific fibre impregnate.

7 illus, 1 table, 80 ref

004770   Chaurasia S;Tiwari A K (Energy and Environment Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot-485 334) : Review on traditional water purification methods used in rural area. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(1), 43-8.

A safe and convenient water supply plays a vital role in public health and well being of the society. There are numerous conventional water treatment technologies available in rural areas of developing countries. The rural communities have adopted some simple rudimentary water treatment technique that can serve individual household. Basically all such techniques aim to remove suspended impurities from water. There are also some traditional household techniques to remove specific water pollutant. Traditional water purification methods include boiling, filtration, sedimentation and solar radiation. Water borne diseases are more common in rural community where potable water supply coverage is very low. The boiling method was the most efficient giving 100% decontamination after three minutes of boiling. Boiling and solar methods were found to be suitable for purifying domestic water in the rural areas. However, solar method being simple, practicable and cheap is, therefore, recommended for use in the rural communities. This paper contains traditional and household techniques that are widely used in rural areas.

3 tables, 9 ref

004769   Chan P W;Zhang P;Doviak R (Hong Kong Observatory, , Hong Kong, China, Email: pwchan@hko.gov.hk) : Calculation and application of eddy dissipation rate map based on spectrum width data of a S-band radar in Hong Knog. Mausam 2016, 67(2), 411-22.

The spectrum width data of an S-band radar in Hong Kong are used to calculate the map of eddy dissipation rate (EDR) with the objective of providing turbulence alerting service for the en-route aircraft in the Pearl River Delta region. The calculation methodology is different from that reported in the existing literature by also removing the wind shear contribution in determining the radar-based EDR. The performance of the EDR maps obtained from the conical scans of the radar is illustrated in two examples of moderate to severe turbulence reported by the aircraft. In both cases, based on the EDR values and windshear hazard factors determined from the aircraft data, the airflow disturbances could adversely affect the operation of the aircraft. By overlaying the flight route on the radar's reflectivity imageries, it appears that, in both cases, the disturbed airflow is associated with rather intense rain cells, though they are rather small and isolated. The EDR values calculated from the radar's spectrum width data ijit the locations of the, rain cells are generally consistent with those determined using the aircraft's wind measurements. From the selected cases, it seems that the radar-based EDR values have generally satisfactory quality. If such data could lie available at the cockpit through data uplinking, they could be useful hints for the pilots not to fly through the rain cells but rather going around them. The methodology may be applied to the radars in the Pearl River Delta region in order to construct a three-dimensional mosaic of turbulence intensity for the assurance of aviation safety.

10 illus, 16 ref

004768   Cerce L;Pusavec F (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana Univ, Askerceva 6, SI_1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Email: luka.cerce@fs.uni-lj.si) : Increasing machinability of grey cast iron using cubic boron nitride tools: evaluation of wear mechanisms. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(1), 65-78.

This paper presents the analysis and experimental results on the complexity of machining grey cast iron in a high production automotive industry, where surface quality, tolerances and productivity are the most specified customer requirements. The machining of a central housing of turbo charger unit in high speed turning process using polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools coated with titanium nitride (TiN) has been evaluated. The main limitations of machinability are appearing of burr, adhesive wear and flank wear mechanism. The cutting tool geometry and feed rate have been varied while the other parameters, such as cutting speed and depth of cut, are kept fixed. After the flank wear on the tools is monitored, it is concluded that for a certain number of work-pieces machined, the wear process on tools is less severe with using of positive tool rake insert. The machinability is additional increased with improved cutting strategy in the way of burr appearance and with rolling of formatted burr. The worn surfaces are analyzed with an electronic microscope.

23 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

004767   Biswas M;Om H (Computer Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: mantoshb@gmail.com) : A new adaptive image denoising method based on neughboring coefficients. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 11-19.

Many good techniques have been discussed for image denoising that include NeighShrink, improved adaptive wavelet denoising method based on neighboring coefficients (IAWDMBNC), improved wavelet shrinkage technique for image denoising (IWST), local adaptive wiener filter (LAWF), wavelet packet thresholding using median and wiener filters (WPTMWF), adaptive image denoising method based on thresholding (AIDMT). These techniques are based on local statistical description of the neighboring coefficients in a window. These methods however do not give good quality of the images since they cannot modify and remove too many small wavelet coefficients simultaneously due to the threshold. In this paper, a new image denoising method is proposed that shrinks the noisy coefficients using an adaptive threshold. Our method overcomes these drawbacks and it has better performance than the NeighShrink, IAWDMBNC, IWST, LAWF, WPTMWF, and AIDMT denoising methods.

5 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

004766   Bansal A;Agarwal R;Sharma R K (Electronics and Communication Dep, G.L.A. Univ, 17-km stone, NH<35>2, Delhi-Mathura Road, Mathura-281 406, Email: atul.bansal@gla.ac.in) : Statistical feature extraction based iris recognition system. Sadhana 2016, 41(5), 507-18.

Iris recognition systems have been proposed by numerous researchers using different feature extraction techniques for accurate and reliable biometric authentication. In this paper, a statistical feature extraction technique based on correlation between adjacent pixels has been proposed and implemented. Hamming distance based metric has been used for matching. Performance of the proposed iris recognition system (IRS) has been measured by recording false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR) at different thresholds in the distance metric. System performance has been evaluated by computing statistical features along two directions, namely, radial direction of circular iris region and angular direction extending from pupil to sclera. Experiments have also been conducted to study the effect of number of statistical parameters on FAR and FRR. Results obtained from the experiments based on different set of statistical features of iris images show that there is a significant improvement in equal error rate (EER) when number of statistical parameters for feature extraction is increased from three to six. Further, it has also been found that increasing radial/angular resolution, with normalization in place, improves EER for proposed iris recognition system.

27 illus, 6 tables, 27 ref

004765   Bandyopadhyay T K;Das S K (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Jirania, Tripura-799 055) : CFD analysis for flow of liquids in coils. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2016, 97(1), 9-18.

The effects of liquid flow rate, coil diameter, pseudo plasticity of the liquids on the frictional pressure drop for the flow through helical coils have been reported through experimental investigation. Numerical modeling is carried using Fluent 6.3 software to find its applicability in the flow system. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out using laminar non-Newtonian pseudo plastic power law model for laminar flow and k-ε model for turbulent flow for water. Water and dilute solution of Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (SCMC) as a non-Newtonian pseudo plastic fluid used for the study. Both hexahedral and tetrahedral grids are used for this simulation. The CFD results show the very good agreement with the experimental values. The comparison of the non-Newtonian liquid flow and water are also reported.

8 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

004764   Ballal M S;Suryawanshi H M;Ballal D M;Mishra M K (Electrical Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Gopal Nagar, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur-440 010, Email: msb_ngp@rediffmail.com) : Special protection scheme at BTPS power station. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2016, 97(1), 97-107.

After 2003 free licensees' act in power sector, it is observed that many power plants from public sector as well as from private sectors are going to be commissioned. The load growth in India is about more than 10% pa. As these plants are going to connect to the power grid, therefore the grid is going to become more complicated. Also the problems related to grid stability are enhanced. There shall be possibilities regarding failure of grid system and under such circumstance it is always desirable to island minimum single generating unit in power plant of specified geographical area. After islanding the generating unit, this unit has to survive not only for the restoration of grid but also for power supply to important consumers. For the grid stability and effective survival of islanded generating unit, it is mandatory to maintain the power balance equation. This paper focuses on the lacunae's observed in implementation of special protection scheme to carry out islanding operation at Bhusawal Thermal Power Station (BTPS) by considering the case studies. The concepts of islanding, load shedding, generator tripping and along with importance of power balance equation is discussed. Efforts are made to provide the solution for the survival of islanding scheme.

8 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

004763   Babbu A A H;Anwar A M F (Architecture Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110 025) : Bio-climatic design strategies for buildings in Delhi, India. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2016, 5(4), 1-7.

Building sector plays a vital role towards energy efficiency and energy conservation. In India, building sector accounts almost 35% of the country's energy consumption. Building sector has been growing rapidly and is expected to increase five folds from 2005 to 2030. This rapid growth presents a challenge as well as an opportunity to design energy efficient buildings and to conserve energy for sustainable development. Energy usage in buildings has been increasing with climate change. Bioclimatic design has enormous potential in minimizing energy usage in buildings and minimizing carbon dioxide emissions. New Delhi being the capital city has witnessed tremendous building construction activities in and around the city. This paper focuses on various bioclimatic design strategies for building design in a composite climate like Delhi. Number of factors which affects thermal comforts i.e. temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind etc has been analyzed to arrive at performance specifications. To address the seasonal requirements which are often contradictory in composite climate, a weighing system, known as Mahoney Table has been used to assess the relative importance of conflicting requirements. The objective of the study is to devise different characteristics of architectural components i.e. layout of the building, spacing, air movement, size of the openings, position of openings, protection of openings, thermal capacity and insulation of walls, roofs and external features of buildings in Delhi.

4 illus, 11 tables, 6 ref

004762   Alpaslan H;Yuce E (Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pamukkale Univ, Kinikli, 20070, Denizli, Turkey, Email: erkanyuce@yahoo.com) : New CMOS based current follower and its applications to inductor simulator and band-pass filter. Indian J pure appl Phys 2016, 54(8), 511-16.

A new CMOS based current follower (CF) with externally controllable X terminal intrinsic resistor has been proposed in this manuscript. Also, a new electronically tunable grounded inductor simulator using only a grounded capacitor has been proposed. The inductor simulator does not need any external resistors. It can be tuned electronically by changing a control voltage. However, it has a single active component matching condition. The simulations results are given in order to demonstrate the performance of the circuits.

14 illus, 2 tables, 57 ref

004761   Alam T;Kulkarni K (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, Email: tabish.iitr@gmail.com) : Municipal solid waste management and its energy potential in Roorkee city, Uttarakhand, India. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2016, 97(1), 9-17.

Energy plays a vital role in the development of any country. With rapid economic growth and multifold urbanization, India faces the problem of municipal solid waste management and disposal. This problem can be mitigate through adoption of environment friendly technologies for treatment and processing of waste before it is disposed off. Currently, urban and industrial wastes throughout India receive partial treatment before its final disposal, except in few exceptional cases. This practice leads to severe environmental pollution problems including major threat to human health. There is an absolute need to provide adequate waste collection and treatment before its disposal. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is getting importance in recent years. The MSW management involves collection, transportation, handling and conversion to energy by biological and thermal routes. Based on the energy potential available, the energy conversion through biogas production using available waste is being carried out. Waste-to-energy is now a clean, renewable, sustainable source of energy. The estimation of energy content of MSW in Roorkee city is discussed in this paper. Furthermore this paper also takes into account the benefits of carbon credits.

8 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

004760   Akhtar S N;Sharma S;Anantha Ramakrishna S; Ramkumar J (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Email: syed.nadeem.akhtar@gmail.com) : Excimer laser micromachining of oblique microchannels on thin metal films using square laser spot. Sadhana 2016, 41(6), 633-41.

Excimer laser micromachining of thin metal films with a sacrificial polymer coating is a novel technique that produces features with smooth edges. Using this technique, oblique microchannels are fabricated by workpiece dragging and using a square laser spot, where the axis of traverse of the workpiece is not parallel to the edges of the square laser spot. The microchannels have serrated edges that are particular to the shape of the mask producing the spot. The edge roughness of the channels, machined with a square laser spot of side 100 Hm, is found to be most affected by the fluence-spot overlap interaction, and the channel width by spot-overlap and the angle of tilt of the traversed path. Polymer coated metal films underwent close to ideal machining, aided by the clamping action of the polymer layer. Through this technique of machining post polymer coating, the edge roughnesses of the microchannels have been curtailed to less than 10 μm, and channel widths to 150 (im. This technique may be used in fabrication of oblique and circular patterns using excimer laser micromachining with rectangular and square laser spots.

9 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

004759   Agarwal R;Mukhiya R;Sharma R;Sharma M K;Goel A K (Physics and Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031) : Finite element method-based design and simulations of micro-cantilever platform for chemical and bio-sensing applications. Def Sci J 2016, 66(5), 485-8.

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based cantilever platform have capability for the detection of chemical and biological agents. This paper reports about the finite element method (FEM) based design and simulations of MEMS-based piezoresistor cantilever platform to be used for detection of chemical and biological toxic agents. Bulk micromachining technique is adopted for the realisation of the device structure. MEMS piezoresistive biosensing platforms are having potential for a field-based label-free detection of various types of bio-molecules. Using the MEMMECH module of CoventorWare¬ simulations are performed on the designed model of the device and it is observed that principal stress is maximum along the length (among other dimensions of the micro-cantilever) and remains almost constant for 90 per cent of the length of the micro-cantilever. The dimensions of piezoresistor are optimised and the output voltage vs. stress analysis for various lengths of the piezoresistor is performed using the MEMPZR module of the CoventorWare¬.

5 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

003830   Velmurugan P;Kalaivanan R (Mechanicakl Engineering Depm, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: pvsrlme@gmail.com) : Energy and exergy analysis in double-pass solar air heater. Sadhana 2016, 41(3), 369-76.

In this study, an attempt is made to improve the energy and exergy performance of solar air heater by employing double pass with different absorber surface geometries (roughened, finned, and v-corrugated wire mesh) in the second pass, and also by mounting longitudinal fins in the back side of the absorber plate (first pass). The effect of varied mass flow rate and solar intensity on temperature rise of air, energy efficiency, exergy gain and pressure drop at steady state condition was determined for different types of solar air heaters utilizing an indoor solar simulator. The temperature rise of air, thermal efficiency and exergy gain depends on mass flow rate, surface geometries of absorber and solar intensity, whereas the pressure drop depends on mass flow rate and surface geometries of absorber.

10 illus, 22 ref