JANOTI D S, UPADHYAYA K
003145 JANOTI D S, UPADHYAYA K (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital - 263 136, Email: deepakjanoti@kunainital.ac.in) : Simultaneous detection and validation of analytical markers of swertia chirata by HPLC-DAD to evaluate the potency of extracts and fractions against antioxidant potential. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (5), 977 - 82.
The present study is based on the selection of extract and fraction of Swertia chirata plant for the antioxidant potential with HPLC fingerprinting, which includes the simultaneous detection and quantification of four analytical markers protocatechuic acid (PCA), swertiamarin (SM), mangiferin (MF) and amarogentin (AG) by HPLC-DAD. The yield of water extract (SWA), hydroalcoholic extract (SHA) and fractions of hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate free radical assay (DPPH assay), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging assay (ABTS assay), total reducing assay (TRA), ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay (FRAP assay), total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC assay). The hydroalcoholic extracts (SHA) can be a better choice as compared to water extract (SWA) due to higher yield of extract (13.680 ± 0.548%) and higher antioxidant activity against DPPH assay, ABTS assay, TRA assay, FRAP assay and TAC assay. In hydroalcoholic extract (SHA), ethyl acetate fraction (SEA) showed most potent activity against DPPH (IC50 = 0.008 ± 0.002 mg/mL) and ABTS (0.025 ± 0.001 mg/mL). n-Hexane fraction of SHA showed higher FRAP (28.664 ± 3.153 µmol/mL) and TAC (3.263 ± 0.325 µmol/mL) value (equivalent to ascorbic acid in µmol/mL) but showed very low yield (0.468 ± 0.018%), SBU showed higher TRA value (0.413 ± 0.309 mg/mL). The ethyl acetate fraction (SEA) can be a choice for antioxidant as it showed second highest FRAP (19.547 ± 2.119 µmol/mL) and TAC (2.750 ± 0.466 µmol/mL) with better yield (2.473 ± 0.594%) as compared to n-hexane (SH) fractions (0.468 ± 0.018%).
1 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref
AL AZZAM K M, MAKAHLEH A, SAAD B
003139 AL AZZAM K M, MAKAHLEH A, SAAD B (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Al-Ahliyya Amman Univ, Jordan, Email: azzamkha@yahoo.com, k.azzam@ammanu.edu.jo) : HPLC determination of formaldehyde in flour samples using 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl hydrazine as derivatization reagent. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (4), 930 - 6.
A new simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of formaldehyde in flour samples has been developed. Formaldehyde was quantified after derivatization with a readily available reagent, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl hydrazine (TCPH) under basic conditions. The formaldehyde-TCPH derivative was eluted with chromatographic mobile phase of 70:30 (v/v) acetonitrile:water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min–1; wavelength, 222 nm; injection volume, 50 µL, using a C18 ODS Hypersil column (250 mm × 4.5 mm, 5 µm). The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.001-10 µg mL-1 with R2 = 0.999. Recoveries at three different concentration levels (0.1, 1.0 and 5 µg mL-1) ranged from 92.0-101.7% with RSD less than of 2.2%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.3 and 1.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The developed method was used for the determination of formaldehyde in various flour-based samples.
7 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref
PONNEKANTI K, SUNITHA K
003134 PONNEKANTI K, SUNITHA K (Pharmacy Dep, GITAM Deemed to be Univ, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, Email: krishnaphanisri@gmail.com) : Novel RP-HPLC-PDA approach for efficient simultaneous quantification of imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum in bulk drug and injection dose forms. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (4), 897 - 902.
In this investigation, a highly reliable, precise, stability indicating, specific and selective RP-HPLC approach with photodiode array detection (RP-HPLC-PDA) was established to determine simultaneously imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum in bulk drug and injection dose forms. Chromatographic separation of imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum was achieved via using C18 XTerra column and a mobile phase poised of acetonitrile and 0.1 M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer (4.5 pH, set with 0.1% orthophosphoric acid) at 45:55 (v/v) ratio with a flow stream of 1 mL/min. The photodiode array detector was fixed at wavelength 245 nm and quantifications of imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum were based on assessing their peak response areas. Good linearity was detected in target range concentrations of 250-750 µg/mL (imipenem and cilastatin) and 125-375 µg/mL (relebactum). The precision (standard variation percentage) was between 0.141% and 0.257%. Accuracy (%assay nominal) determined was between 99.144% and 99.638%. The validated RP-HPLC approach was applied to Recarbio injection dose evaluating imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum content with no interference encountered from the injection dose inactive ingredients. Imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum were subjected to forced conditions like 30% peroxide, 0.1 N NaOH, sunlight, 0.1 N HCl and 60 ºC. Imipenem, cilastatin and relebactum were effectively separated, quantified and resolved from the degradants generated in forced conditions.
3 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref
PARAMITA S, ISMAIL S, MOERAD E B, MARLIANA E
003117 PARAMITA S, ISMAIL S, MOERAD E B, MARLIANA E (Community Medicine Dep, Mulawarman Univ, Samarinda, Indonesia, Email: s.paramita@fk.unmul.ac.id) : A short overview of curcuma aeruginosa with curative potentials against COVID-19. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (4), 789 - 92.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by SARS-CoV-2. Nature has provided a great source of antiviral compounds, from which innovative products for the treatment of COVID-19 can be produced. One of the medicinal plants that can be developed for the treatment of COVID-19 is Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Previous studies have found tracheospasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of this indigenous Curcuma species. There are 10 chemical compounds from Curcuma aeruginosa that have been proven against COVID-19, namely 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, β-eudesmol, β-pinene, β-sitosterol, curcumenol, palmitic acid, succinic acid and zingiberene. Further research is needed for C. aeruginosa to become a new antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19.
1 table, 39 ref
MAKHDOOMI H A, RASHID T, MIR I N, BHAT S N, AZAD A
000820 MAKHDOOMI H A, RASHID T, MIR I N, BHAT S N, AZAD A (General Surgery Dep, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, Email: doc.tajamul@gmail.com) : Laparoscopic stapled gastrojejunostomy in non-operable cases of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (goo): A retrospective study. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 43-5.
Inability of gastric contents to go beyond the proximal duodenum is termed as gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). This may be partial or complete. A multitude of causes, benign/malignant, may lead to GOO of gastric and extra gastric origins. Malignant GOO is a common condition among locally advanced gastric cancer patients. One of the relative contraindications for surgery is the presence of advanced malignancy; in these cases, in which life expectancy may be limited to a few months, palliative surgical measures may improve the quality of life. The role of the laparoscopic approach in the treatment of GOO is under investigation and may represent a valid form of therapy with low morbidity. This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar, from May 2018 to May 2019. A total of 35 patients who were diagnosed as cases of non-operable malignant GOO were included in the study. All patients underwent laparoscopic stapled gastrojejunostomy after diagnostic laparoscopy. This study was aimed at operative time, time for making anastomosis, hospital stay, return of bowel sounds, and postoperative complications. Mean age of patients in our study was 66.8 years with male predominance. Mean operative time was 94.35 minutes with a mean time of 20.4 minutes for making stapled anastomosis. Mean hospital stay, return of bowel sounds, and resumption of orals were 7.9, 2.28, and 3.85 days, respectively. Bleeding from the anastomotic site was noted in three patients and anastomotic leak was noted in one patient. Laparoscopic stapled gastrojejunostomy is a viable option for palliation in advanced cases of non-operable malignancies leading to GOO. It is associated with less operative times and less immediate postoperative complications. However, further studies are needed before laparoscopic stapled gastrojejunostomy is taken up as a standard for non-operable cases of malignant GOO.
8 tables, 17 ref
SAFARNEJAD F, NASSERI K, KARAMI R
000819 SAFARNEJAD F, NASSERI K, KARAMI R (Minimal Invasive Surgery Dep, Iran Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email: reza_karami1367@yahoo.com) : Comparison of the effects of aprepitant and ondansetron individually and combining on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 39-42.
Nausea and vomiting are one of the most common postoperative complications that cause unpleasant feelings and delays in the discharge of patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of aprepitant, ondansetron, and their combination on the severity of nausea and vomiting after this procedure for finding a safe and less indisposition regimen. This study was performed on patients aged 18–50 who had been diagnosed with symptomatic cholelithiasis and who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. This study was done single-blinded. Patients were categorized into three groups (the recipient of aprepitant, the recipient of ondansetron, and the group receiving ondansetron and aprepitant simultaneously) and the rate of nausea and vomiting was measured at 6 and 24 hours after the operation. The results of one-way analysis of variance analysis and Kruskal–Wallis showed that there was a significant difference between the treatment groups regarding the severity of nausea and vomiting after surgery (p < 0.001). The severity of nausea and vomiting in the group receiving ondansetron plus aprepitant is less than the other two groups. A combination of ondansetron plus aprepitant can reduce nausea and vomiting after surgery while the effect of aprepitant is much more than ondansetron.
3 illus, 17 ref
GOYAL P, MUTHURAMAN S, SHARMA S
000818 GOYAL P, MUTHURAMAN S, SHARMA S (General Surgery Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwer Medical Coll and Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Email: 100rbhs@gmail.com) : Simple and reliable scoring system to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy preoperatively. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 34-8.
To validate the efficacy of proposed scoring system compared to the Randhawa scoring system in prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) preoperatively. A prospective study was conducted including 102 patients who underwent LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Preoperatively a score was given to the patient according to both scoring systems. Final outcome was decided on intraoperative findings of operative time, adhesions, and bile spillage. Univariate and multivariate analyses of preoperative factors were done. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of both the scoring system were compared, and the results were reported as a difference in proportion (95 % CI). p value 50 years, history of hospitalization, previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, diabetes mellitus, palpable gallbladder, gallbladder wall thickness, and contracted gallbladder on ultrasound to be statistically significant factors. The proposed modified scoring system significantly increases the specificity and positive predictive value of the Randhawa scoring system. This scoring system is easy to perform, require no additional investigation and can effectively categorize patient where LC will be difficult. The proposed scoring system can effectively predict difficult preoperatively which would help in better preoperative preparation by the surgical team for a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients can be optimally counseled preoperatively so that they are well prepared for various outcomes of the procedure.
1 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref
GOYAL P, MUTHURAMAN S, SHARMA S
000817 GOYAL P, MUTHURAMAN S, SHARMA S (General Surgery Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwer Medical Coll and Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Email: 100rbhs@gmail.com) : Simple and reliable scoring system to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy preoperatively. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 34-8.
To validate the efficacy of proposed scoring system compared to the Randhawa scoring system in prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) preoperatively. A prospective study was conducted including 102 patients who underwent LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Preoperatively a score was given to the patient according to both scoring systems. Final outcome was decided on intraoperative findings of operative time, adhesions, and bile spillage. Univariate and multivariate analyses of preoperative factors were done. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of both the scoring system were compared, and the results were reported as a difference in proportion (95 % CI). p value 50 years, history of hospitalization, previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, diabetes mellitus, palpable gallbladder, gallbladder wall thickness, and contracted gallbladder on ultrasound to be statistically significant factors. The proposed modified scoring system significantly increases the specificity and positive predictive value of the Randhawa scoring system. This scoring system is easy to perform, require no additional investigation and can effectively categorize patient where LC will be difficult. The proposed scoring system can effectively predict difficult preoperatively which would help in better preoperative preparation by the surgical team for a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients can be optimally counseled preoperatively so that they are well prepared for various outcomes of the procedure.
1 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref
TEJASVI P, GHANGHORIA A, BANSERIA R
000816 TEJASVI P, GHANGHORIA A, BANSERIA R (Urology Dep, Andhra Medical Coll, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, Email: pankajtejasvi@hotmail.com) : A comparative study of weight loss and reduction in BMI after gastric imbrication, sleeve gastrectomy, and roux-en-y gastric bypass. World J Lung Surg 2021, 14(1), 26-9.
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and exercise supplemented with pharmacotherapy has poor long-term results; thus, bariatric surgery is the mainstay therapy for morbid obesity. But reduction in weight and BMI after bariatric surgery is not the same and mainly depends on the type of surgery performed. To study the comparative efficacy among three bariatric surgeries viz. Laparoscopic gastric imbrication (LGI), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in morbid obese patients in relation to weight loss and reduction in BMI. Study design: Prospective study. Total of 40 morbid obese patients underwent different types of laparoscopic bariatric surgery and were followed for 1 year. Reduction in weight and BMI after 1 year was correlated with the type of bariatric surgery performed. Statistical analysis: Paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni. Patients undergone LGI, LSG, and LRYGB had a preoperative mean weight/BMI of 105.33 kg/41.07 kg m−2, 104.07 kg/42.76 kg m−2, and 105.8 kg/43.27 kg m−2, respectively; and postoperative mean weight/BMI after 1 year was 87.4 kg/34.08 kg m−2, 81.07 kg/33.32 kg m−2, and 81.2 kg/33.18 kg m−2, respectively. On applying ANOVA and Bonferroni, LSG and LRYGB group had greater weight loss and reduction in BMI as compared to LGI group. LSG and LRYGB are statistically better in weight and BMI reduction in obese as compared to LGI. Although weight and BMI reduction was more in LRYGB as compared to LSG, it was not statistically significant.
1 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref
IGWE P O
000815 IGWE P O (Surgery Dep, Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Univ, Rivers State, Nigeria, Email: igwe_patrick@yahoo. com) : Minimal access surgical experience in developing economy: A young trainee stimulant. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 20-2.
The utilization of minimal access surgery (MAS) is rising in developing countries. Robotic surgery is rarer. The mirage surrounding operating with a telescope is completely changing the dimension of surgery. A young trainee finds it difficult to properly perform this surgery. This study aimed to elucidate an experience of minimal access surgeons practicing in a developing economy with the hope of stimulating a young trainee surgeon in the same field of study. This was a review of prospectively collected data of cases performed, stored electronically in an Excel spreadsheet and statistical software, Epi info, from December 2017 to March 2020. This review included laparoscopic procedures, colonoscopies, and esophagogastroduodenoscopies (OGD) performed by the author in a tertiary hospital and two private centers. It excluded all cases assisted by the author. The results were analyzed using statistical software, SPSS version 23. A total of 195 cases were performed. Esophagogastroduodenoscopies consisted of a maximum of 114 cases. This was followed by colonoscopies (52 cases), and laparoscopy (29 cases). The laparoscopic cases consisted of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (6), diagnostic laparoscopy (11), laparoscopic appendectomies (8), laparoscopic fundoplication (1), and foreign body retrieval (1). This study showed a gradual shift from mild to more complex minimal access procedures. Performing minimal access procedures requires extensive training. Findings from this study will guide a young trainee in a developing economy to perform the easily available surgery procedures.
2 illus, 9 ref
KLICZKOWSKA-KLAROWICZ K, JAGIELSKI D, CZOPOWICZ M, SAPIERZYNSKI R A
000779 KLICZKOWSKA-KLAROWICZ K, JAGIELSKI D, CZOPOWICZ M, SAPIERZYNSKI R A (Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics Dep, Life Sciences Univ, Warsaw, Poland, Email: katarzyna_kliczkowska@sggw.edu.pl) : Demographic and clinical characteristics of dogs with centroblastic lymphoma. Vet World 2021, 14(1), 49-55.
Centroblastic lymphoma (CBL) is the most common morphological type of lymphoma found in dogs; it is usually identified through cytology in veterinary clinical practice. This study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of dogs with CBL that was diagnosed with cytology and immunocytochemistry. Dogs with a suspicion of lymphoma were diagnosed by cytology supported by immunocytochemistry with the use of the updated Kiel classification adapted for dogs. During the analyzed time period, 336 lymphomas were diagnosed in dogs, including 171 cases of CBL. Epidemiological and clinical data from the dogs with CBL were provisionally collected. The epidemiology analysis revealed an increased risk of CBL in Rottweilers, golden retrievers, and Bernese mountain dogs. At admission, most of the dogs displayed generalized lymphadenopathy with spleen and liver enlargement. The most common hematological abnormality was leukocytosis due to neutrophilia. The most common biochemical abnormality was elevated alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and selective hypoproteinemia due to hypoalbuminemia. Rottweilers, Bernese mountain dogs, and golden retrievers appear to be overrepresented among dogs with CBL. CBL is usually diagnosed at an advanced clinical stage according to the World Health Organization; however, it is usually accompanied by only minor hematological and biochemical abnormalities.
1 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref
FAZZOTTA S, GENOVA G, PANTUSO G, BUSCEMI S, PALUMBO V D, DAMIANO G, MONTE A I L, GENOVA P
000814 FAZZOTTA S, GENOVA G, PANTUSO G, BUSCEMI S, PALUMBO V D, DAMIANO G, MONTE A I L, GENOVA P (Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines Dep, Palermo Univ, Palermo, Italy, Email: salvatore. buscemi02@unipa.it) : Intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy using a biliary-nose tube: routinely used in patients with main bile duct stones. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 15-9.
Nowadays, the “gold standard” treatment for gallbladder stones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy but the risk of iatrogenic biliary duct injuries is increased compared to “open” surgery. Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) can be useful to avoid biliary injuries but it can also be a no-safe procedure in center in which it is not routinely performed. The aim of our study is to trust the efficacy of IOC in a patient with common bile duct (CBD) and gallbladder stones using a biliary-nose tube. 135 patients with gallbladder and CBD stones were treated with sequential therapy and randomly divided into two groups. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed within 24/48 h. During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, a biliary-nose catheter was left to perform cholangiography during the following surgical procedure. Group A had also a cholangiography at the beginning of the surgical procedure in order to evidence biliary duct structure. Cholangiography avoided a lesion of the biliary ducts in nine patients. Only a patient had a residual stone in the CBD. The dissection at Calot’s triangle was faster in group A patients without differences between the surgeons involved. The biliary-nose tube can be useful in patients with gallbladder and CBD who underwent cholecystectomy for different reasons: it lets the surgeon performing IOC faster and without risk linked to the technique used; it reduces the risk of biliary injuries; and surgeons feel more safe and calm during the surgical procedure.
3 tables, 46 ref
ORBAN Y A, ALGAZAR M, FARAG A, ELALFY T R
000813 ORBAN Y A, ALGAZAR M, FARAG A, ELALFY T R (Surgery Dep, Zagazig Univ, Sharkia, Egypt, Email: drmohammedezzat4@gmail.com) : Do we still encounter non-appendicitis pathologies during laparoscopic appendectomy?. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 10-4.
Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical disease with a lifetime risk of 7–8 %. Numerous studies have shown many benefits of laparoscopic appendectomy over open appendectomies, such as better visualization and identification of other abdominal pathologies that can mimic acute appendicitis. Herein, we illustrated the current incidence of non-appendicitis pathologies during laparoscopic appendectomies in our hospital. A retrospective study was carried out involving patients operated for acute appendicitis laparoscopically at the Surgical Emergency Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt, during the period from March 2017 to December 2019. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis was based on clinical examination, laboratory findings, and ultrasonography. We drew out the patients’ demographic data, duration of surgery, and surgical procedure reports. One hundred forty-five patients presented clinically, and confirmed by laboratory and ultrasonography with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Eighty-nine were males, 56 were females. The median operative time was 56.5 minutes. Eight cases (5.5 %) showed a pathology other than acute appendicitis, including gynecological pathologies, Mickel’s diverticulitis, inflamed sigmoid appendices epiploica, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and inflamed cecal diverticulum. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is challenging up to date. We faced many conditions mimicking acute appendicitis during surgical intervention.
4 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref
TALWAR P, KUMARACHAR S H, VELAYUDAM L, FATHIMA T
000812 TALWAR P, KUMARACHAR S H, VELAYUDAM L, FATHIMA T (Obstetrics and Gynecology Dep, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, Email: hkswat2193@gmail. com) : Efficacy and safety of electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer vs enseal in total laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uterus: A comparative study in Mysuru, South India. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 5-9.
Hysterectomy is the most commonly performed gynecological procedure around the world. Hemostasis is of major concern in an enlarged uterus as chances of hemorrhage are more. New laparoscopic vessel sealing devices have been developed for laparoscopic tissue dissection and vessel sealing. In this study, an ALAN vessel sealer, an indigenous electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device, is compared with ENSEAL device with respect to safety, efficacy, and perioperative outcomes in laparoscopic hysterectomy for a large uterus. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer (ALAN vessel sealer) vs ENSEAL in total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for a large uterus. Materials and methods: This prospective randomized case–control study included 100 women who underwent TLH for a large fibroid uterus. Of them, 50 women underwent TLH using ALAN vessel sealer, and the remaining 50 using ENSEAL. Efficacy, safety, and perioperative outcomes of both the groups were compared. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0 software. For evaluating continuous variables and discrete variables, independent T-tests, and Chi-square tests, respectively, were used. Duration of surgery in ALAN vessel sealer group was 56.90 ± 12.45 minutes and in ENSEAL group was 57.25 ± 13.54 minutes (p = 0.9) and mean blood loss in group A and group B was 111.40 ± 22.32 and 107.84 ± 20.33 mL, respectively ( p = 0.4), both of the data were not statistically significant. No significant differences were noticed in the demographic characteristics, intraoperative, and postoperative complications between the two groups. The ALAN vessel sealer is safe and as efficient as ENSEAL in decreasing blood loss and operative time when laparoscopic hysterectomy is performed for an enlarged uterus. It is cost-effective and a promising instrument for TLH in developing countries.
3 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
JAILANI R F, JAFRI N A, HENRY G, SAGAP I
000811 JAILANI R F, JAFRI N A, HENRY G, SAGAP I (Surgery Dep, Islamic Science Univ of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: ruhifadzlyana@gmail.com) : Laparoscopic or open appendectomy: Which approach is the best for complicated appendicitis?. World J Lap Surg 2021, 14(1), 1-4.
Appendicitis is more common in children and young adults. Treatment of appendicitis is either laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) or open appendicectomy (OA) surgery. The 30-day postoperative morbidity, surgical site infection, and reoperation rate were compared between open and laparoscopic appendicectomies for complicated appendicitis. Secondary outcome measures were the length of hospital stay, duration of surgery, surgical waiting time, identification of other diseases, and patient satisfaction. This retrospective study was conducted in two institutions: Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia, and HUKM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data were collected from January 2014 to December 2015 were reviewed. The mean age (±SD) for LA and OA were 32 (±15) and 30 (±14) years, respectively. The males showed predominance in LA and OA with 52 and 72 %, respectively (p < 0.001). The majority of LA (73 %) and OA (88 %) were performed by the trainees (p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in postoperative morbidity in LA compared to OA in terms of surgical site infection, LA vs OA [n = 8 (2.7) vs 26 (6.3), p = 0.029] and duration of surgery [LA vs OA 84 (±39) vs 68 (± 6) days (p< 0.001)]. However, for LA and OA, there were no significant differences in reoperation, 0.7 and 1.0 %, respectively (p = 1.000), and length of stay in LA vs OA 3.55 (±2) vs 3.89 (±3) days, respectively (p = 0.103). Overall, patient satisfaction scores were not found statistically significant as the response rates were only 32 % in LA and 30 % in OA. LA significantly reduced surgical site infection and offered an advantage in the detection of other pathologies. Hence, a laparoscopic approach should be offered to patients whose clinical diagnoses are challenging.
3 tables, 14 ref
MONIKA, DABUR R S
000498 MONIKA, DABUR R S (Livestock Products Technology Dep, Veterinary Science Coll, Hisar, Haryana) : Development and quality evaluation of whey-pearl millet based fermented beverage. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(4), 175-8.
Fermented milk products is in high demand because of their known health benefits and are becoming major part of milk product in Indian dairy market. The objective of the present study was to develop whey-pearl millet based lassi using standardized and neutralized whey and germinated pearl millet slurry. The form of cereal processing was selected from previous experiment. Whey pearl millet lassi was prepared by blending neutralized and standardized whey with germinated pearl millet slurry (milk in case of control) before fermentation. The developed lassi samples and control samples were analyzed for chemical composition (fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash, total solids and fiber) for estimating its nutritional content as well as for physico-chemical properties such as pH, acidity, viscosity, tyrosine, free fatty acids and wheying off. Under the present study, selected whey-pearl millets based curd had texture profile similar to control curd. The panelists rated ‘whey-pearl millet (pearl millet and moth bean) lassi’ as “liked very much” on nine point hedonic scale.
4 tables, 26 ref
RANI S, KHARCHE S D, SINGH S P, GANGWAR C, JENA D, KUMAR A
000496 RANI S, KHARCHE S D, SINGH S P, GANGWAR C, JENA D, KUMAR A (Animal Physiology and Reproduction Div, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, Uttar Pardesh) : Isolation, Enrichment and characterisation of Caprine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(4), 166-9.
Mesenchymal stem cells are now- a-days treated as the cornerstone of the cellular therapy and tissue engineering arena. These omnipresent cells can be isolated from a wide range of sources and can be differentiated and trans-differentiated into many cell types based on specific cellular command. In this study, we had isolated bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from 1-2 years old apparently healthy goats. The heterologous cell population then subjected to magnetic activated cell sorting against CD73+ , CD90+ , CD105+ , CD271+ and CD34- to exclude mesenchymal stem cells from haematopoietic stem cells. The cells were then cultured and incubated at 37 °C in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. After 3 passages the cells were tested for alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the cells were also evaluated based on their morphometric analysis.
4 illus, 19 ref
JADHAO UMESH T, RATHOD SAYALI P, DHEMBRE GUNESH N, SABLE SHITAL D, LOKHANDE SNEHA S
000489 JADHAO UMESH T, RATHOD SAYALI P, DHEMBRE GUNESH N, SABLE SHITAL D, LOKHANDE SNEHA S (Pharmaceutics Dep, SDMVM’s SVP Coll of Pharmacy, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Formulation and critical evaluation of piroxicam gel. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 89-94.
The present study has been undertaken with the aim to formulate gel containing Piroxicam by using gelling agents like cabopol-940 and HPMC with different penetration enhancers. Five different formulae were prepared and characterized physically in term of color, spreadability, pH, drug content and rheological properties. The value of spredability indicated that these gels are easily spreadable by small amount of shear. Viscosity of gel was found in range of 36000-48900 cps. In vitro drug release was evaluated using Franz diffusion cell. The results of in vitro drug release and its permeation studies showed that the highest values was from F1 (86% of drug released after 8 hr.). Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model was used for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the gels. The rheological behaviour of the prepared formulae showed shear-thinning flow indicating structural breakdown of the existing intermolecular interactions between polymeric chains.
8 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref
GHADIGAONKAR S, REDDY A G, KALAKUMAR B, LAKSHMAN M, RAJKUMAR U
000488 GHADIGAONKAR S, REDDY A G, KALAKUMAR B, LAKSHMAN M, RAJKUMAR U (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Mumbai Veterinary Coll, Mumbai, Maharashtra) : Quantification of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and evaluation of in vitro free radical scavenging activities in Ficus religiosa Linn. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 84-8.
This present work was carried out to quantify the total phenolic and total flavonoid content and to investigate the antioxidant activity free radical scavenging activities of leaf of extracts of Ficus religiosa (Peepal). Leaf extracts of Ficus religiosa was prepared by Soxhlet extraction and various extracts were used for in vitro assays. The extraction yields of Ficus religiosa were ranged from 0.98- 10.15 g/50h (w/w) on dry weight basis. The qualitative phytochemical studies revealed presence of alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrates, and glycosides in different extracts of Ficus religiosa leaf. The results indicated the presence of higher phenolic and flavonoid content in aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus religiosa. It was observed that FRLE contained appreciable amount of TPC (19.97-62.93 µg GAE/mg) and TFC (29.88-135.95 µgQE/mg) as well as exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging activity (10.31- 10.99 µg/ml) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (10.63-16.0199µg/ml). The results of the present investigation clearly demonstrated the significant variations in antioxidant properties of different solvents extract of Ficus religiosa leaves. It can be concluded from results that Ficus religiosa extracts were good source of natural antioxidants.
7 tables, 21 ref
SHARMA P, ARUSH
000485 SHARMA P, ARUSH (Shiva Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh) : Green chemistry in search of novel drug molecules. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 27-34.
With the discovery of hybrid seeds, insecticides, fertilizers, herbicides, drugs and antibiotics, revolution of medicinal chemistry began which leads to better quality life. Chemistry plays a vital role in improvement of our modern life standards. Further, adverse effects of chemistry began with the release of industrial chemical byproducts and chemical toxic materials in air, rivers / oceans and lands that results in pollution of land, water and atmosphere. This marked the beginning of Green Chemistry in 19th century. As on today maximum environment pollution is caused by numerous chemicals and Pharma-ceutical industries. Therefore, chemical and pharmaceutical industries influenced the use of Green Chemistry and Green Chemistry principles. This change introduced chemical and pharmaceutical in- dustries towards greener raw materials, alternative organic synthetic solvents, higher yields, less waste, increased economy and minimized environmental pollution. Thus, Green chemistry is also called envi-ronmentally benign chemistry or sustainable chemistry. Therefore Green Chemistry is defined as “the invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances”. Green Chemistry is an simple or direct method to synthesis drug molecules, drug intermediates and synthetic chemistry research by utilizing lowest amount of re- sources and energy with slight or no waste material generation in proper, ecofriendly, non-hazardous, reproducible, efficient, nonpolluting and protected manner. This article summarized implementation of green chemistry principles in day-to-day life, in chemical reactions, in pharmacy and in analytical chemistry and generation of novel drug molecules with suitable examples.
47 ref
HARISH B, SHIVAKUMAR P, KUMAR B D P K, RAMYA B, RANI M U, KUMAR B A, VENKATA RAO KV
000484 HARISH B, SHIVAKUMAR P, KUMAR B D P K, RAMYA B, RANI M U, KUMAR B A, VENKATA RAO KV (Veterinary Pharmacology and toxicology Dep, Veterinary Science Coll, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Evaluation and comparison of protective actions resveratrol and vitamin-e in 5-flourouracil induced hepatotoxicity. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 22-6.
We investigate the protective effects of resveratrol and vitamin-E against 5-flourouracil induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Experimental rats were treated with 5-FU (20 mg/kg b.wt.) i.p. on day 1, 3, 7 to induce hepatotoxicity, evident by significant (p< 0.05) increase in the levels of ALT, AST, TBARS, protein carbonyls, TNF-α, while significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the levels of GSH, IL-10. Liver of 5- FU treated rats showed marked infiltration with inflammatory cells, moderate congestion in the central vein, mild vacuolations between hepatocytes and moderate necrosis. There is mild sinusoidal dilation, disorganized hepatocytes and periportal necrosis. Resveratrol and Vitamin-E treatment markedly reversed the changes induced by 5-FU in all parameters. These data concluded that Resveratrol and Vitamin-E had protective effects against 5-FU induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
9 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref
KWATRA B, KHATUN A, BHOWMIK R, REHMAN S
000483 KWATRA B, KHATUN A, BHOWMIK R, REHMAN S (Invenzion Labs Inc, New Delhi) : In silico-modelling of phytochemicals in septic arthritis. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 14-21.
Septic arthritis is a serious medical condition associated with severe morbidity and mortality. However, the clinical manifestations can be broad with conditions that resemble this synovial infection and require different assessment and care. Septic arthritis generally manifests with monoarticular joint pain with urticaria, swelling with pain on lesion and movement. Fever is present in many cases, but most are usually mild. Diagnostic tests can assist with the treatment, but the standard procedure to cure this infection is Arthrocentesis or joint aspiration. The management of septic arthritis includes intravenous antibiotics by intermittent infusion and orthopedic incisions. This descriptive research work discusses the in silico docking studies by using phytochemicals like Andrographolide, Capsaicin, Curcumin, Epigallocatechin gallate, Eugenol, Gingerol, Thymoquinone, Piperine with Proteins with PDB id’s 2MZW, 1TVF, 1VQQ, and 3VSL respectively and could display anti-arthritic activity against the hostpathogen like Staphylococcus aureus which is the primary pathogen that causes in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis. Clearly, these phytochemicals should be further examined in preclinical and clinical trials to validate their effective efficacy against the disease.
9 illus, 46 ref
KORZH N V,OSTROVSKYY M M
000482 KORZH N V,OSTROVSKYY M M (Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical Univ, Halytska St., Ukraine) : Dynamics of systemic inflammatory markers in case of exacerbation of COPD (III degree of bronchial obstruction) in overweight patients with the optimization of management and treatment. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 9-13.
Management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the prerogative not only of pulmonologists, but also of physicians and family doctors. This problem still remains the most common chronic human disease, which is widespread in both developed and developing countries due to its high prevalence, progressive course, and reduced life expectancy of patients. The risk of COPD development, especially in the elderly, may be attributed to socio-economic causes and low living standards, and at the same time its incidence and severity of the course and its prognosis are often determined by the influence of concomitant pathology on the frequency of exacerbations, so the problem of comorbidity is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic significance of serum levels of CRP, TNF-α and leptin in exacerbation phase of COPD (III degree of bronchial obstruction) in overweight patients in order to optimize management and treatment strategies. The study involved the examination of 45 overweight patients: 18 of them were in the phase of remission; 27 overweight patients were in the phase of exacerbation of the pathology, and were in turn divided into 2 subgroups: patients of subgroup I (n = 15) were administered xanthine only, and patients of subgroup II (n = 12) have also agreed to modify their life style. The research findings showed a decrease in all the studied indices on the 10th day. Data obtained after three months of treatment were more significant, especially in patients of subgroup II. Thus, overweight has a negative influence on the course of COPD (III degree of bronchial obstruction), and the use of comprehensive therapy with xanthine and lifestyle modifications in the treatment of this pathology improves clinical symptomatology and has a positive effect on the indices of inflammatory activity, which was manifested by a significant decrease in CRP, TNF-α, and leptin levels and contributed to the improvement of their quality of life.
5 tables, 17 ref
SAGOR S I, SAJOL G M, ALAM A K, ANJUM A
000481 SAGOR S I, SAJOL G M, ALAM A K, ANJUM A (Pharmacy Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh) : In vitro evaluation of antioxidant potentiality and estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid content of the whole stem of Coffea benghalensis B. Heyne ex Schult. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 1-8.
This study was carried out for the first time to evaluate the antioxidant properties and total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic extract along with its organic and aqueous soluble fractions of the whole stem of Coffea benghalensis growing in Bangladesh. For evaluation of antioxidant properties DPPH scavenging assay, ferric reducing capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and phospho molybdenum assay was used. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the crude methanol extract revealed the highest free radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 3.22 ± 0.17 μg/ml and 12.88 ± 0.305 μg/ml, respectively while the standard BHT was 4.39 ± 0.02 μg/ml and 9.38 ± 0.075 μg/ml, respectively. All the test samples and the standard BHT exhibited good linear relationship in the ferric reducing capacity and phospho molybdenum assay. Also, the test samples showed significant activities in the ferric reducing capacity and phospho molybdenum assay compared to the reference standard in a dose dependent manner. It was observed that the test samples contained considerable amount of bioactive compounds including total phenolic (ethyl acetate soluble fraction giving the highest 22.631 ± 0.085 GAE/gm of dried sample) and flavonoid (pet ether soluble fraction giving the highest 54.513 ± 1.500 CE/gm of dried sample) content. It can be concluded from the results that the crude methanolic extract along with it’s four soluble fractions of the whole stem of Coffea benghalensis growing in Bangladesh are a good source of natural antioxidants.
4 illus, 3 tables, 54 ref
BOICHUK O H, NSED E N E
000478 BOICHUK O H, NSED E N E (Obstetrics and Gynecology Dep, Postgraduate, Studies of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical Univ, Ukraine) : The role of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant women after ART. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 189-91.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is of significant practical interest as this pathology is a borderline case between obstetric, infectious and hepatic pathology. The issues of etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors triggering intrahepatic cholestasis, the principles of its treatment and prevention are still an object of debate. At present, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is considered to be the medicine of choice for the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The peculiarity of this medicine lies in its 4 mechanisms of action: replacement of toxic endogenous bile acids, cytoprotective action for hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, immunomodulation and choleretic action [3] . To test the efficiency of the suggested drug, we selected 71 women who got pregnant owing to ART and who presented a high risk of IHCP at the first prognostication stage. By way of randomization, they were divided into 2 groups: the basic group – 29 patients, who were treated with the recommended complex of therapy and prophylaxis, and the comparison group – 42 pregnant women, whose pregnancy was managed in accordance with the WHO guidelines. The recommended ursodeoxycholic acid has enabled a more effective normalization of biochemical indicators associated with IHCP (reduction of the levels of total bilirubin, bile acids, ALT, AP and total cholesterol in terms of the low-density and the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction) and a significant decrease in the incidence of complications of pregnancy.
2 tables, 21 ref
RANI H, KAUR S, SEN R, SAMOTA M K
000465 RANI H, KAUR S, SEN R, SAMOTA M K (Biochemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Repurposed drugs and their progression against COVID-19. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 22-30.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease), which was initially noticed in the seafood market at Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Since then this deadly virus has outspread like wildfire across the globe and has put all the healthcare services at red alert. The outburst of COVID-19 has already taken the shape of the pandemic, affecting more than 200 countries in just a few months. A global response to prepare our health systems is very much imperative and the whole world is desperate to find ways to tackle this pandemic by developing effective treatments. Unfortunately, no reliable therapeutic interventions are available currently for critically affected ill COVID‐19 patients. Treatment of COVID-19 patients is mainly based on symptomatic management. Emerging clinical trials and research data representing the structural and functional aspects of SARS-CoV-2 suggests testing of the repurposed drugs ranging from flu treatments to failed ebola drugs, to anti-malarial drugs that were first developed decades ago. The review focuses on the various already adopted and ongoing trials to date for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat this viral outbreak. We hope that the accumulated information about various repositioning trials will help the international research community to lead potential clinical practices and to find solutions for COVID-19 treatment in this need of the hour.
1 illus, 1 table, 92 ref
AL-ANI A H H D A, AL-ANI S H H H, ELKARIB R T, OSM A
000464 AL-ANI A H H D A, AL-ANI S H H H, ELKARIB R T, OSM A (Sains Malaysia Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) : Community pharmacists’ knowledge about medication use in glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase G6PD deficiency in Khartoum, Sudan: A descriptive study. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 18-21.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD is a cytoplasmic enzymes that are found in all cells of the human body, it plays an essential and vital role in preventing cellular damage from reactive oxygen radicles ROS. Pharmacist can play a major role in providing G6PD deficient patients with the useful information about medications that needs to be avoided in such conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the pharmacist knowledge about medications use in G6PD deficient patients. Study’s results showed that most of the pharmacists were able to define G6PD deficiency correctly. However, majority were not able to identify risk factors for hemolysis correctly. With regards to the pharmacists’ knowledge about drug usage pattern in G6PD deficient patients, they showed an overall good knowledge as they were able to correctly identify the contraindicated and used with caution medications. Pharmacists should use continuous pharmaceutical education to keep up with updated evidence based information regarding medication use in specific population such as G6PD deficient individuals especially in G6PD prevalent regions.
1 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref
ATHIRA B M
000463 ATHIRA B M (Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala Univ, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) : Study on use of enteral feeding tubes in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 15-7.
When enteral feeding tubes are inserted in patients with swallowing difficulties, medicines are also administered through these tubes. The present study aims at analyzing the extent of use of different types of Enteral Feeding Tubes among various departments of a tertiary care hospital. A prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Kerala state of India. A total of 160 patients meeting the criteria were identified over 3 months. Highest number of patients was from department of neurology. When the type of enteral tube was analysed 74.4 % of patients (119) was on naso gastric tube.
5 illus, 6 ref
DHIMAN S K, DUREJA H
000462 DHIMAN S K, DUREJA H (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak, Haryana) : Comparative analysis of evolution of regulatory environment in USA, Europe and Japan. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 6-14.
The industry of healthcare products is the utmost regulated segment as patients are not equipped with expert knowledge to determine the efficacy, safety, and quality of these products. Thus, the regulations come into play to ensure effectiveness and safety of healthcare products. The regulatory environment throughout the world is transforming incessantly to make it viable and objective. United States of America (USA), Europe (EU), and Japan are the most regulated geographies in the world. USA is the largest pharmaceutical market. Europe as a collective region is the second biggest pharmaceutical market. Japan, however, is the third largest single country market of pharmaceuticals. The objectives of the present study are to gain evidence on the existing regulatory set-up, key areas of regulatory focus and relative analysis of the evolution of regulatory environment in the USA, Europe, and Japan. The methodology used is a relative study based on original research carried out based on evidence available from universal resources and analysis of the facts, statements, and projections of regulatory focus. The findings included various areas of regulatory focus in three geographies including user fee, paediatric research, clinical trials, drug safety, anti-counterfeit/falsified medicines, price reimbursement policies, regulatory compliance, medical devices and biologicals regulations, ICH Q12 guideline, veterinary product reforms, review and approval pathways/timelines, breakthrough therapies, endocrine disruptors, and collaborative approaches etc. As internationally leading regulators, USFDA, EMA, and PMDA are working on specific areas of local and global interest in regulating healthcare products segment. The comparative analysis reflects discrete and overlapping goals to being reforms in regulating healthcare products.
1 illus, 1 table, 53 ref
GHADIGAONKAR S, REDDY A G, KALAKUMAR B, ANILKUMAR B
000461 GHADIGAONKAR S, REDDY A G, KALAKUMAR B, ANILKUMAR B (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Mumbai Veterinary Coll, Mumbai, Maharashtra) : Screening of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 1-5.
This present work was carried out to quantify the total phenolic and total flavonoid content and to investigate the antioxidant activity free radical scavenging activities of leaf of extracts of Terminalia arjuna (arjuna). Leaf extracts of Terminalia arjuna were prepared by Soxhlet extraction and various extracts were used for in-vitro assays. The extraction yields of whereas Terminalia arjuna 3-12g/50g (w/w) on dry weight basis The qualitative phytochemical studies revealed presence of alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrates, glycosides in different extracts of Terminalia arjuna leaves. The results indicated the presence of higher phenolic and flavonoid content in aqueous leaf extracts of Terminalia arjuna. It was observed that Terminalia arjuna contained appreciable amount of TPC (37.696- 42.229ugGAE/mg) and TFC (44.686-263.41ugQE/mg) as well as exhibited good DPPH radical scavenging activity (10.47-11.13ug/ml) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (9.49-11.32ug/ml). The results of the present investigation clearly demonstrated the significant variations in antioxidant properties of different solvents extract of Terminalia arjuna leaves. It can be concluded from results that arjuna extracts were good source of natural antioxidants.
1 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref
SUDHARSAN M, VEERAKUMAR A M
000460 SUDHARSAN M, VEERAKUMAR A M (Livestock Production Dep, CVAS, Kerala) : Review - Nipah virus: An emerging zoonotic disease. J Pharm Innov 2021, 10(1), 144-6.
Nipahvirus or Nipah viral encephalitis is an emerging zoonotic disease. It is a negative - sense, nonsegmented, single stranded RNA virus of the family of paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus and is closely related to hendra virus. The natural reservoir of Nipah virus is pteropid bats (flying foxes) also called fruit bats on the genus of Pteropus. Viral infection is mainly acquired by bats saliva, urine, faeces and birth fluids. Virus affected animals mostly having severe febrile encephalitis. First line of treatment is Ribavirin can reduce the mortality of acute Nipah encephalitis. Diagnosis may be done with polymerase chain reaction and serological test like Enzyme – linked immunosorbant assay.
12 ref
SUVETHIKA P, KUMAR K S V
000459 SUVETHIKA P, KUMAR K S V (The Animalia Veterinary Care, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu) : Canine parvovirus infection. J Pharm Innov 2021, 10(1), 141-3.
Canine parvovirus is an infectious and deadly disease that commonly infects puppies at 1-6 months of age. The hemorrhagic enteritis commonly quoted as foul smelling bloody diarrhea is the main cause of death in infected dogs. Dogs which are infected, shed viruses in their faeces and non vaccinated dogs gets affected. The present case report was reported at The Animalia Veterinary Care, Rajapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India. The pups which belongs to breed Labrador Retriever (1), German Shepherd (2), Rajapalayam (1), Chippiparai (1) and Non-descript (1) between 2 to 5 months of age were reported with the history of foul smelling bloody diarrhea, loss of appetite, severe dehydration, vomiting and subnormal temperature. Based on these clinical signs and symptoms, it was tentatively diagnosed Canine Parvovirus infection. These dogs were then immediately subjected for treatment. Treatment was carried out for approximately 5 to 7 days. All dogs were recovered uneventfully. The aim of the present case report is to frame a diagnostic and treatment protocol based on the signs and symptoms of parvovirus infection in puppies below 6 months of age.
1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref
PARDESHI A, SAWANT P, SANAP P B, DODAKE S B, RISBUD R
000454 PARDESHI A, SAWANT P, SANAP P B, DODAKE S B, RISBUD R (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra) : Physical characteristics and nutrient composition of chilli (Capsicum annumm L.) germplasm under Konkan condition. J Pharm Innov 2021, 10(1), 109-16.
Physical characteristics viz., fruit diameter, length, weight, colour and nutritional composition viz., Moisture, Ascorbic acid, Total N, P, K, and Micronutrients viz., Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu of hundred chilli germplasm were studied during Kharif season, 2018-2019 at Vegetative Improvement Scheme, Central Research Station, Wakawali, Dapoli. Among the hundred chilli germplasm, highest fruit diameter (1.2cm) was recorded in DPLC-15, Wakawali-20 and Konkan kirti of pure chilli germplasm and WKLC11 and WKLC-14 of F5 germplasm. WKLC-6 (9.4cm) of F5 generation showed maximum fruit length, while maximum fruit weight was found in DPLC-15 (31.60 g) of pure chilli germplasm. Significant difference was observed in hundred chilli germplasm. Highest moisture percentage (93.58 %) was recorded in WKLC-1 of F2 generation of chilli germplasm while Ascorbic acid was found to be maximum (196.06 mg 100 g-1 ) in WKLC-15 of F6 generation of chilli germplasm. Highest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents were found in WKLC-12 (1.75 %), WKLC-2 (0.20 %) and WKLC10 (2.92 %) of F2 generation. Highest values for iron, zinc and copper content were found in WKLC-18 (23.41 mg kg-1 ), WKLC-6 (42.75 mg kg-1 ) and WKLC-3 (45.37 mg kg-1 ), respectively, of F2 generation of chilli germplasm. Manganese content was found to be highest in Wakawali-19 (34.66 mg kg-1 ) of pure chilli germplasm. The correlation revealed that fruit diameter and fruit length had significant positive correlation with fruit weight. Moisture had positive and significant correlation with iron, zinc and manganese. Iron had positive and significant correlation with manganese. Manganese showed significant positive correlation with zinc and copper content.
10 tables, 19 ref
PARDESHI A, SAWANT P, SANAP P B, KASTURE M C, DODAKE S B
000453 PARDESHI A, SAWANT P, SANAP P B, KASTURE M C, DODAKE S B (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra) : Physical characteristics of chilli (Capsicum annumm L.) germplasm under Konkan condition. J Pharm Innov 2021, 10(1), 104-8.
The study aimed to determine the physical characteristics of chilli germplasm under Konkan condition during kharif season, 2018-2019. Wide variation was noted among the germplasm for physical characters viz., fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight and fruit colour. Among the hundred chilli germplasm, highest fruit diameter was recorded in DPLC-15, Wakawali-20 and Konkan kirti of pure chilli germplasm and WKLC-11 and WKLC-14 of F5 germplasm. WKLC-6 of F5 generation showed maximum fruit length, while maximum fruit weight was found in DPLC-15 of pure chilli germplasm. Light green, dark green colour at matured stage and light red, dark red colour at ripe stage were observed in the hundred chilli germplasm.
5 tables, 6 ref
NAIK M V K, PILLAI M A, SARAVANAN S
000451 NAIK M V K, PILLAI M A, SARAVANAN S (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep , Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural Univ, Tirupati- 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, Email: vinod.naik2014ag@gmail.com) : Assessment of correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield attributing and quality traits in promising rice varieties cultivated in Tamil Nadu. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 139-43.
In this study 55 promising rice varieties cultivated in Tamil Nadu was selected and raised in Randomized Block design with two replications. To reveal the nature and degree of correlation and path analysis between yield and quality traits. The results of correlation analysis showed traits like number of filled grains per panicle, productive tillers per plant had positive significant association with the single plant yield. The direct and indirect effects through path coefficient analysis unveils maximum positive direct effect of single plant yield with number of productive tillers recorded followed by days to fifty percent flowering, number of filled grains, gel consistency, 1000 grain weight and hulling percentage in both genotypical and phenotypical path analysis Therefore, the trait number of productive tillers per plant plays a major role in shaping the single plant yield in rice on which selection pressure has to be applied for increasing the seed yield.
2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref
NEETHU KANNAN B, GHANTHI KUMAR S, JOHN A, REENA V L, NATARAJAN M, LEKHA G S, KANAGARAJAN A
000450 NEETHU KANNAN B, GHANTHI KUMAR S, JOHN A, REENA V L, NATARAJAN M, LEKHA G S, KANAGARAJAN A (Siddha Regional Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Email: neethusamhitha@gmail.com) : Standardization of Ruellia tuberosa L. with special emphasis on trichome variations. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 134-8.
The present study attempts to standardize the pharmacognostic, physic-chemical parameters, UV-Vis and HPTLC fingerprinting of the plant, Ruellia tuberosa. Various trichome morphotypes were the unique observation seen in the plant by anatomical as well as powder microscopic studies. Four prominent peaks were detected by UV-Visible spectroscopy and HPTLC fingerprint revealed many peaks with a wide range of Rf values. The present study of botanical and chemical screening will be useful for developing pharmacopeial standards for R. tuberosa.
9 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
OHIAGU F O, CHIKEZIE P C, CHIKEZIE C M
000449 OHIAGU F O, CHIKEZIE P C, CHIKEZIE C M (Biochemistry Dep, Imo State Univ, Owerri, Nigeria, Email: p_chikezie[at]yahoo.com) : Sickle hemoglobin polymerization inhibition and antisickling medicinal plants. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 126-33.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a dilapidating disorder that is associated with organ destruction and decreased life expectancy. Therapeutic remedies that lead to fundamental cure of SCD such as, bone marrow and stem cell transplantations, as well as gene replacement therapy, are very costly and unaffordable to the disease sufferers in developing countries. In regions where these therapeutic approaches are possible, there are also limitations such as immunologic transplant rejection, difficulty in prognosis, difficulty in obtaining a suitable donor, end-organ dysfunction, and adverse health effects, especially among the older sufferers of this disease. The eagerness of researchers to develop new drugs for the amelioration of the crisis associated with SCD and a possible cure of the disease has led to the discovery of biomolecular agents that inhibit the mechanisms of HbS polymerization as well as medicinal plants with antisickling potentials. The antisickling potency of medicinal plants should be harnessed through research funding and efforts geared towards the discovery of molecules in such plants with HbS polymerization inhibitory effects.
6 illus, 1 table, 67 ref
KATHARE J M, MBARIA J M, NGUTA J M, MORIASI G A
000448 KATHARE J M, MBARIA J M, NGUTA J M, MORIASI G A (Public Health Dep, Nairobi Univ, Nairobi- 00625, Kenya, Email: murithikathare@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, acute Oral Toxicity, and qualitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous and methanolic stem-bark extracts of Croton megalocarpus Hutch. (Euphorbiaceae). J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 117-25.
Microbial infections are feared to cause over 10 million deaths by the year 2050, whereby 50% of the global burden squarely lies in less developed countries of Africa and Asian continents. The current drugs have suffered resistance by previously susceptible strains, are associated with severe side effects, among other therapeutic and economic drawbacks, hence the need for alternatives. Despite the widespread usage of medicinal plants by over 80 % of the global population to treat common ailments, including microbial infections, only a few have been empirically validated. Croton megalocarpus is used to treat microbial-associated infections like pneumonia and typhoid among the Agikuyu community of Kenya. However, its healing claims and safety have not been evaluated empirically to date, hence this study. We investigated the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, and qualitative phytochemical composition of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of C. megalocarpus. The disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) were adopted for antimicrobial assays. The acute oral toxicity effects of the studied plant extracts were evaluated according to the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline document number 425. The brine shrimp lethality assay technique was used to appraise the cytotoxic effects of the studied plant extracts. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed following standard procedures. The results revealed that all the studied plant extracts had varied antimicrobial effects on selected microbial strains and showed MIC values of 100 µg/ml and >2000 mg/Kg bw in the brine shrimp lethality and acute oral toxicity assays, respectively, demonstrating their safety. Antimicrobial- associated phytocompounds were detected in the studied plant extracts suggesting they were responsible for the reported bioactivity. Further studies to establish the specific mode(s) of antimicrobial action, toxicological, and safety should be performed. Furthermore, antimicrobial investigations of the studied plant extracts on other clinically significant microbial strains and the isolation, characterization, and optimization of antimicrobials from the studied plant extracts should be done.
6 tables, 63 ref
YADAV Y C, ANSHIKA, KUMAR S
000447 YADAV Y C, ANSHIKA, KUMAR S (Pharmacology Dep, Uttar Pradesh Univ of Medical Sciences, Etawah– 206 130, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drycy31[at]gmail.com) : Adverse events of paediatric immunization. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 114-6.
Immunisation is a cost-effective program for vaccine preventable disease, but adverse events are unexpectedly noticeable especially when the vaccine was apparently healthy at the time of immunization, that’s why a lot of efforts are taken to ensure the safety of vaccine by monitoring the Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) after vaccination. A record based descriptive study was conducted at in hospital of Uttar Pradesh university medical sciences (UPUMS), Saifai, Etawah in 2019 with a total of 1400 vaccinated enrolled children are analysed the data. The study revealed that OPV was the most frequently administered vaccine among the study population of all vaccine doses followed by Pentavalent and BCG vaccine. Fever (85 %) was the first most commonly noted incidence related to the all Adverse Event Following Immunization of the vaccine along with persistent crying (20 %) is also noted with the administration of vaccine. it was concluded that immunisation program is done for boosting and developing immune system and it start from the birth and the observed AEFI was non serious.
2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref
VINCENT O M, NGUTA J M, MITEMA E S, MUSILA F M, NYAK D M, MOHAMMED A H, GERVASON M A
000446 VINCENT O M, NGUTA J M, MITEMA E S, MUSILA F M, NYAK D M, MOHAMMED A H, GERVASON M A (Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology Dep, Nairobi Univ, Nairobi- 006 25, Kenya, Email: vinomambia[at]gmail.com) : Ethnopharmacology, pharmacological activities, and chemistry of the Hypericum genus. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 105-13.
There are over 500 species in the Hypericum genus worldwide. Crude extracts from Hypericum species have been reported in folkloric medicine as analgesics, anthelmintics, astringents, antidepressants, diuretics, and anti-inflammatories. The current review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of local uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical composition of different extracts generated from Hypericum species. The review data was collected via literature search from Google, Google Scholar, Medline, Pubmed, Mendeley, Science Direct, Chemical Abstracts, Web of Science, and Scopus. The most studied of the entire Hypericum genus is H. perforatum, approved to manage mild depression. Other species that have been reported to have ethnomedicinal value are H. erectum, H. monogynum, H. attenuatum, H. japonicum, H. beanii, H. monantheum, H. wightianum, H. scabrum, H. monogynum, H. monogynum, H. geminiflorum, H. ascyron, H. seniawinii, H. elodeoides, H. petiolulatum, H. wightianum, H. hengshanense, H. japonicum, and H. revolutum. Over 900 phytochemicals have been isolated from the Hypericum genus plant species, mostly phenolics, and terpenoids. Studies have been carried out to validate the ethnopharmacological use of extracts from Hypericum species against depression, cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. There are limited safety studies involving medicinal plants from the Hypericum genus; however,further investigations on toxic effects, phytochemical composition, and biological activities are necessary to validate the medicinal uses of plant species of the Hypericum genus empirically. The present article reviews ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and toxicology of the Hypericum genus, which several communities have used to treat various conditions.
1 illus, 115 ref
AZHAHIANAMBI P, SUGANYA S, THIYAGARAJAN S, VIJAYASHANTHI R, MADAN N, SHIVI MAINI, SENTHILKUMAR T M A, RAMAN M
000445 AZHAHIANAMBI P, SUGANYA S, THIYAGARAJAN S, VIJAYASHANTHI R, MADAN N, SHIVI MAINI, SENTHILKUMAR T M A, RAMAN M (Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Chennai- 600 051, Email: nambibio[at]gmail.com) : Comparative efficacy of ionophores and ZeeCox®, a phytogenic multistage anticoccidial against Chicken Coccidiosis. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 98-104.
The study was designed to investigate the comparative anti-coccidial efficacy of ZeeCox® (Phytogenic anti-coccidial formulation developed by Indian Herbs Specialities Ltd) at recommended dose levels, with commonly used ionophore anti-coccidial drugs such as salinomycin, lasolacid and anti-coccidial vaccine. A total of 324, day-old broiler chicks were reared under standard management practices. The chicks were randomly divided into nine groups with each group consisting of 36 birds. Body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, intestine lesion score, oocyst per gram feces and European Performance Efficiency Factor (EPEF) of all experimental group birds were measured. All the chicks except Group 1 were inoculated orally with the total of 20,000 live sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species on 18th day of age. The overall performance such as Body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio and European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) of Group 5 (ZeeCox® 0.5g/kg treatment and Challenged) was better and comparable with Group 3 (Salinomycin treatment and Challenged) and Group 4 (Salinomycin & Lasalocid treatment and Challenged). It was concluded from the present study that ZeeCox® at 0.5g/kg of feed could be a potential alternative to the ionophore anticoccidial drugs used in the control of coccidiosis in broiler chicken.
1 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref
LAPPA E, ZANGUEU C B, NGUEMFO E, WANCHE J K, SONFACK C, FONGANG A M, DONGMO A
000444 LAPPA E, ZANGUEU C B, NGUEMFO E, WANCHE J K, SONFACK C, FONGANG A M, DONGMO A (Animal Biology and Physiology Dep, Douala Univ, Cameroon, Email: calvinbongz[at]yahoo.fr) : Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 89-97.
Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.
12 illus, 1 table, 36 ref
EO E, GB I, AIL B, JA U, PS T, EG E, PE U, DN O
000443 EO E, GB I, AIL B, JA U, PS T, EG E, PE U, DN O (Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dep, Uyo Univ, Uyo, Nigeria) : In vivo antiplasmodial evaluation of methanol mesocarp extract of Citrillus lanatus in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 84-8.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activities of the methanol mesocarp extract of Citrillus lanatus in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei. The extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice and were assessed in suppressive, repository and curative tests using Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and Pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) as positive controls. A dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.001) antiplasmodial effect was recorded in the suppressive test relative to control. The extract also demonstrated a dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.01 – 0.001) prophylactic and curative effects when compared to the controls. These antiplasmodial effects of the extract compared favourably with those of the standard drugs. The extract in addition, increased the mean survival times of the infected mice. The methanol mesocarp extract of C. lanatus possesses antiplasmodial activities, thereby corroborating its use in natural medicine in the treatment of malaria.
4 tables, 22 ref
RAMAKRISHNAN V, RAVIKUMAR P, RAJA T, VIJAYARANI K, ARIVUCHELVAN A, PARTHIBAN M, THANGAPANDIYAN M, PREETHA S P
000442 RAMAKRISHNAN V, RAVIKUMAR P, RAJA T, VIJAYARANI K, ARIVUCHELVAN A, PARTHIBAN M, THANGAPANDIYAN M, PREETHA S P (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Chennai– 600 007, Tamil Nadu, Email: drsppreetha@gmail.com) : In silico evaluation of phytocompounds from Indian medicinal plants for Canine Mammary Tumours. J Phytopharmacol 2021, 10(2), 80-3.
Canine mammary tumours are among the most predominant neoplasms and happen all the more usually among unblemished females which are not spayed at an early age. The previous study carried out at Madras Veterinary College reported that out of the 14,326 clinical cases presented in an eight months study, 61 cases were mammary tumours. The current study was aimed to screen chemo preventive effect of phytocompounds of Indian medicinal plants for Canine mammary tumours. Mammaglobin-B was taken as a target protein and it was modeled using I-Tasser. Around 920 phytocompounds were collected from different Indian medicinal plants using Dr. Duke’s database. In which, after checking Lipinski Rule of five, 132 compounds were selected for this study. The 3D structure of all the phytocompounds were retrieved from PubChem database. Docking studies were done using Discovery Studio 4.0. From the results, the phytocompounds Homocapsaicin (Libdcok score: 102.27), Homodihydrocapsaicin (Libdcok score: 101.55) and Isositsirikine (Libdcok score: 99.19) showed the best Libdcok score. Hence, the present study was concluded that the phytocompounds Homocapsaicin and Homodihydrocapsaicin from Capsicum annuum and Isositsirikine from Catharanthus roseus had potential effect against Canine mammary tumours.
8 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
EDEKE A, UCHENDU N, OMEJE K, ODIBA A S
000440 EDEKE A, UCHENDU N, OMEJE K, ODIBA A S (Biochemistry Dep, Nigeria Univ, Enugu- 410001, Nigeria, Email: arome.odiba@unn.edu.ng) : Nutritional and pharmacological potentials of Solanum melongena and Solanum aethiopicum fruits. J Phytopharm 2021, 10(1), 61-7.
African eggplants, Solanum melongena fruit (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruit (SAF) are widely cultivated in Nigeria and across the Africa. This study is designed to evaluate and compare the proximate and phytochemical components of SMF and SAF. Proximate composition of both fruit samples shows that SMF has higher moisture content than SAF. Protein, fats and ash contents were non-significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SAF compared with SMF. The fibre content was 3.11 ± 0.03 and 2.98 ± 0.08 % for SMF and SAF, respectively. The carbohydrate content of SAF (4.14± 0.11 %) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of SMF (2.42 ± 0.12 %). The results obtained for the phytochemical composition show that cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins and anthraquinone are low for both fruit samples. The phenolic content of SMF was 5.80 ± 0.4 g and that of SAF was 4.17 ± 0.03 g. In this study, we reported a flavonoid content of 2.80 ± 0.08 and 1.46 ± 0.01 g, as well as saponin content of 1.34 ± 0.31 and 0.81 ± 0.23 g for SMF and SAF, respectively. SAF has a tannin content of 0.82 ± 0.14 g, and 1.28 ± 0.05 g for SMF. Eighteen amino acids were identified (Essential and non-essential amino acids) with glutamine having the highest percentage (94.69 %) and the lowest in percentage was Threonine (0.014 %). In conclusion, the results of this study show that SMF and SAF have adequate nutritional value could be valuable raw material for health and pharmaceutical industries.
2 illus, 9 tables, 58 ref
ALI H M, NGUTA J M, MAPENAY I O, MUSILA F M, OMAMBIA V M, MATARA D N
000439 ALI H M, NGUTA J M, MAPENAY I O, MUSILA F M, OMAMBIA V M, MATARA D N (Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Nairobi Univ, Nairobi, Kenya, Email: hashimali@students.uonbi.ac.ke) : Ethnopharmacological uses, biological activities, chemistry and toxicological aspects of Ocimum americanum var. americanum (Lamiaceae). J Phytopharm 2021, 10(1), 56-60.
The rationale for the use of Ocimum americanum var. americanum in herbal medicine is largely based on the longstanding experience of traditional medicine practitioners. The genus Ocimum is extensively used in Eastern Africa in folkloric practice against a wide range of illnesses. The present paper intends to bring a comprehensive overview of O. americanum var. americanum in regard to its biological activities, ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemical and toxicological effects. The literature search was conducted using Google, Google Scholar, Chemical abstracts, Sciverse; JSTOR, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Springer Link. O. americanum var. americanum extracts have been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, insecticidal, and repellent activities. Literature on the activity of O. americanum var. americanum extracts against metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemias and hypertension is scanty. Toxicological data is also limited; however, the accessible information indicates non-toxicity of O. americanum var. americanum extracts. Substantial variations in phytochemical constituents of this particular species are observed, which may be attributed to edaphic differences as well as ecoclimatic regions.
1 illus, 34 ref
SINAI T, SINGH B, SINTOV A C, BEN-SHABAT S
000438 SINAI T, SINGH B, SINTOV A C, BEN-SHABAT S (Biomedical Engineering Dep, Ben Gurion Univ of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel, Email: sbs@bgu.ac.il) : Synthesis, Isolation, and Biological evaluation of a new active quinone methide derived curcuminoid. J Phytopharm 2021, 10(1), 48-55.
A new curcuminoid, quinone methide cyclopentadione (QMC), was synthesized by oxidation of curcumin (CUR) in the presence of potassium ferricyanide, and further isolated and analyzed. QMC was found to be a relatively water-soluble curcuminoid, and more stable than CUR in citric-phosphate buffer solutions. Unlike CUR, QMC possesses a pH-independent stability. In plasma, QMC was degraded by 50 % after 8 hours and reached 30 % of its initial concentration after 48h, while CUR was thoroughly decomposed. It has been demonstrated that QMC has a similar anti-proliferative activity as CUR in three different cancer cell lines- MCF-7, PC3 and HT29. Molecular examination of QMC in cancer cells exhibited similar effect to CUR on two transcription factors, Nrf-2 and NF-κB. An anti-inflammatory activity of QMC was demonstrated by measuring MCP-1 secretion levels in TNFα-induced human keratinocytes cell culture, which had been pre-treated with either CUR or QMC. This report presents the advantages of the new quinone methide derived curcuminoid and its pharmaceutical potential as an alternative to the poorly soluble curcumin.
7 illus, 56 ref
BHARDWAJ V, GUPTA N, ANJU, ARORA K, JHA A K, KUMAR A, BANSAL P
000437 BHARDWAJ V, GUPTA N, ANJU, ARORA K, JHA A K, KUMAR A, BANSAL P (Pharmacology Div, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad- 201 206, UP, Email: bansalpriya23@gmail.com) : Traditional medicaments combating against fibromyalgia- A review. J Phytopharm 2021, 10(1), 35-41.
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a persistent condition characterized by frequent body pain at different tender points, sleep disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, impaired condition, joint stiffness. 5 % of the world population mainly middle and old aged people suffer from it. Women are more prone towards this disease. The underlying pathophysiology of this syndrome is still unknown. Common symptoms of this syndrome mainly include chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, joints stiffness, central sensitization, allodynia & hyperalgesia. There is no confirmatory blood test or imaging for diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The diagnosis criteria were set by The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1990 and then modified further in 2010. The main drugs used for treatment mainly include Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, anticonvulsants, analgesics, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, nerve pain medications and muscle relaxants. Therapies are also used for pain relieve such as acupuncture, graded exercise, stretching, massage, chiropractic treatment techniques, cognitive behavioural therapy, hydrotherapy, biofeedback and group support to overcome depression but they have low efficacy. Selfcare is another major factor for treatment like stress management, healthy diet, relaxation techniques and physical exercise. Due to various side effects of drugs, nowadays scientist and researchers having an eye on medicinal plants and their secondary constituents for treatment of fibromyalgia. In this review, authors tried to compile various medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites having potential to treat fibromyalgia.
2 tables, 69 ref
AHMAD M H, MUHAMMAD A U, DALHAT A D, SALAUDDEEN M A
000436 AHMAD M H, MUHAMMAD A U, DALHAT A D, SALAUDDEEN M A (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dep, Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria, Nigeria, Email: mubarakhussainiahmad@gmail.com) : Nigerian medicinal plants with potential antibacterial property: A review. J Phytopharm 2021, 10(1), 26-34.
Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Several scientific studies were conducted on different medicinal plants to investigate their antibacterial potentials. This review article aimed to summarize and document the antibacterial screening conducted on some Nigerian medicinal plants against various bacterial isolates in an attempt to stimulate further research to discover novel antibacterial agents. We provide specific information about the parts of the plants evaluated, the type of extracts and/fractions, and the tested bacterial strains. The findings documented in this review shows that these medicinal plants possess antibacterial potential based on their reported traditional uses. Also, the information documented in this article could serve as a basis for further microbiological and pharmacological research to discover new antibacterial agents.
141 ref
SATHESHKUMAR S, PUNNIAMURTHY N, RANGANATHAN V
000435 SATHESHKUMAR S, PUNNIAMURTHY N, RANGANATHAN V (Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dep, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Orathanadu– 614 625, Tamilnadu, Email: drsatheshkumar6@rediffmail.com) : ‘Herbal Combo Therapy’ for oestrus induction in postpartum anoestrus cows. J Phytopharm 2021, 10(1), 19-21.
The research was aimed at studying the effect of a ‘Herbal combo therapy’ (HCT) on induction of oestrus and enhancement of fertility in postpartum anoestrus (PPA) in crossbred cows. Crossbred cows (n = 24) which were diagnosed for true anoestrus condition were utilized for the study. All the cows were dewormed and randomly divided into two groups (i) Control group (n = 10): No treatment schedule and (ii) Treatment group (n = 14): HCT involving a sequential administration of Raphanus sativus, Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera, Cissuss quadrangularisis and Murraya koenigii for a period of 20 days. The animals which expressed oestrus signs during the experimental period were inseminated and pregnancy was confirmed. Diameter of the largest follicle was documented on the initiation day of experiment and at the end of the experimental period or on the day of expression of induced oestrus. Perusal of the data revealed that 71.4 per cent of the PPA animals responded to the HCT by expressing oestrus signs within the experimental period as against 10.0 per cent in control group. The follicular diameter significantly increased in HCT group (11.8 + 2.4 mm) than the control group (9.6 + 0.8 mm). The overall conception rate among the PPA cows treated with HCT was much higher (57.1 %) than the control group (10.0 %). Steroidogenic activity, rich nutrient source and anti-inflammatory properties of HCT would have potentiated the follicular development and thereby induced oestrus and improved conception rate in anoestrus cows.
1 table, 21 ref