000548   Gokhroo R K;Chharwal J K;Singhvi R;Gokhroo K (JLN Medical College, , Ajmer) : Unusually large true inferior wall aneurysm: an angio-electrocardiographic disparity. Indian J Cardiol 2006, 9(1-2), 64-5.

Post myocardial infarction left ventricular aneurysm are not infrequent. A case of a unusually large left ventricular aneurysm of postero basal wall following inferior myocardial infarction was presented.

^ccrRef 4

000547   Gokhale S (NO, , 53 Wasudevnagar, Indour-452 004, Email: sudheergokhale@hotmail.com) : High resolution ultrasonography of the anterior abdominal wall. Indian J Radiol Imag 2007, 17(4), 290-8.

28 illus, 39 ref

000546   Ghatresamani F;Javadrashid R;Tarzamni M K; Farhang S (Imam Hospital, Ave Univ, Tabriz, Iran 51999, Email: tarzamni@yahoo.com) : Single umbilical artery: prevalence and clinical significance in prenatal sonography. Indian J Radiol Imag 2007, 17(4), 269-72.

Estimatelhe prevalence of single umbilical artery (SUA) in an Iranian population and to determine the absent side and its association with malformations. Prespectively studied 3240 singleton pregnancies of 14 to 30 weeks of gestational age with USG, The absent side, pregnancy data, and the perinatal outcome were reviewed. SUA occurred in 1.1% of pregnancies. The artery was absent on the left side in 27 (71.1 %). Nine of those with SUA had malformations (24%) and there were three deaths. The average stage of pregnancy at which SUA was diagnosed was at 27 weeks and 2 days. 20 fetuses were male. The prevalence of SUA and associated anomalies in our population seems to be similar to that reported in other countries. Absence of the left artery was more common. Evaluating cord vessels at the 20th week of pregnancy is valuable and fetuses with an isolated SUA will benefit from a more detailed assessment and USG monitoring.

2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

000545   Ganesh M;Thangabalan B;Patil R;Ganguly S; Sivakumar T (Pharmaceutical Analysis Dep, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode-638 052, Email: chemgans@gmail.com) : Simple extractive colorimetric determination of oxaprozin by acid-dye complexation methods in solid dosage form. E J Chem 2008, 5(3), 593-7.

A simple and sensitive extractive spectrophometric method has been described for the assay of oxaprozin (OXA) either in pure form or in pharmaceutical solid dosage form. The developed method involves formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complex of OXA with bromocresol green in aqueous acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima at 421 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 10-50 μg mL^-1. This method has been applied to the determination of drug in commercial tablets. Results of analysis were validated statistically. The excipients present in the formulations do not interfere with the assay procedure.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

000544   Gandhi G;Pravesh Kumar;Mahahjan Y (Human Genetics Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: gandhig@hotmail.com) : Chromosomal damage in wrestlers and body builders: a comparative study. South Asian Anthrop 2008, 8(1), 65-71.

Recently there is a growing emphasis on looking good, feeling good and living longer. Scientific evidences imply that one of the keys to achieving these ideals is fitness and exercise. Exercise in combination with a sensible diet can help provide an overall sense of well- being and can help prevent chronic illness, disability and premature death. Though the purpose of exercising is to keep the body fit and fine yet heavy exercise can cause damage to the genetic material. The study was hence undertaken in order to investigate for clastogenic/aneugenic damage using the capillary blood in-vivo micronucleus test (MNT) in persons performing heavy exercises in gymnasiums and wrestlers working-out in Akhars. Chromosomal damage was significantly higher in both the groups in comparison to the values in their respective controls. However, there was more genetic stress in wrestlers as compared to body builders. These observations indicate that wrestling is a more strenuous sport and personnel engaged in it can have more susceptibility towards dire consequences of genetic damage.

3 tables, 17 ref

000543   Dhote S;Uma Devi P;Pathak A K;Goswami R B (Pharmacy Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal, Email: anupampathak@yahoo.com) : Anti-genotoxic effect of Piper betle leaves. J nat Remedies 2007, 7(2), 247-51.

To study the antigenotoxic effect of Piper betle leaves in Gamma irradiation and Cyclophosphamide treated animals. Swiss albino mice were given 50% methanolic extract (l00mg/kg body weight.) of Piper betle leaves and antigenotoxic effect was studied after whole body gamma irradiation (4Gy) & cyclophosphamide (50mg/kg body weight.) treatment. Bone marrow protection was studied by scoring aberration in metaphase chromosomes. No drug toxicity was observed at given dose (l00mg/kg body weight.) Methanol extract 1/2 hr prior to irradiation protects animals against Gamma irradiation & Cyclophosphamide treatment.

1 table, 11 ref

000542   Dewan P;Thatiganganna S;Maheshwari K;Gupta P (Pathology Dep, Univ College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, Shahdara, Delhi-100 095) : Kyrle's disease: a rare dermatological manifestation of liver disease. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2007, 8(1), 101-3.

A 10-year-old female patient presented with jaundice and an unusual maculopapular rash involving the face, extensor surfaces, palms, and soles. On histopathological examination of skin lesions, a diagnosis of acquired perforating collagenosis, viz., Kyrle's disease was made - a rare dermatological manifestation of liver disease.

3 illus, 8 ref

000541   Deepa N;Rajendran N N (NO, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Inst, Porur, Chennai-600 116, Email: deepanatarajan@yahoo.com) : Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of various extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum DC. J nat Remedies 2007, 7(2), 225-8.

To examine the 50% aqueous-ethanol, benzene and chloroform extracts of whole plant of Acanthospermum hispidum DC for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties against a wide range of microorganisms. Method: The anti-bacterial activity was studied by agar dilution method using Muller Hinton (MH) agar media. The results were compared with standard ciprofloxacin (5 μg/disc). The anti-fungal activity of the extracts was investigated by tube dilution method using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium and the results compared with standard Clotrimazole (125 μg/ml). All studied extracts showed potential anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was found to be 66.66 μg I ml for benzene extract and of varying range (66.66-200 ng / ml) for chloroform and 50% aqueous-ethanol extracts, with different micro-organisms. The anti-fungal property of all the studied extracts were comparable with that of standard clotrimazole. The present study brought to light the scientific data on the anti-infective property of the plant.

2 tables, 11 ref

000540   Deepa N;Meenakshi Sundaram R;Sangeetha M; Janardhanan V (College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachansra Medical College and Resarch Institute, Porur, Chennai-116) : Nelarabine - an agent to treat lymphoblastic leukemia. Antiseptic 2008, 105(1), 41-3.

9 ref

000539   Dash S P;Choudhury S;Das A;Pradhan S;Bandana Mishra (Surgery Dep, , ) : Medullary carcinoma thyroid (sporadic type)-a rare case report. Antiseptic 2008, 105(1), 7-8.

Medullarytiimours are the third most common of all thyroid cancers (about 5 to 8 percent). Medullary Cancer of the thyroid originates from the parafollicular cells. These c-cells produce the hormone chiefly calcitonin, which lowers the serum calcium and this hormone assay is used as a tumour marker for diagnosis and follow up for recurrence following treatment. This cancer has a lower cure rate compared to the well differentiated thyroid cancers (papillary and follicular), but higher cure rate than that of anaplastic thyroid cancer, overall 10 years survival rates are 90% when the disease is confined to the thyroid gland, 70% with spread to cervical lymph nodes and 20% when there is distant metastasis.

4 illus, 4 ref

000538   Dasari P;Thomas E K;Bupathy A (Obstetrics & Gynaecology Dep, JIPMER, Pondichery-6) : Evalution of adnexal masses by transvaginal sonography and laprascopy:the role of conservative and surgical management. Antiseptic 2008, 105(1), 21-7.

Sixty nine patients with adnexal masses were studied by tramsvaginal ultrasonography. The most common complaint was abdominal pain (78%). Eighty one percent of the masses were cystic and 64% of these were 5-10 cm in size, 13% were complex and 5.7% were solid. Patients with cysts of 8 cm or less in reproductive age group responded to expectant management (43%) and hormonal treatment (67%). The mean cyst wall thickness in them was 0.29 cm and 0.28 cm respectively. All patients with clinical diagnosis of PID who showed complex mass on TVS responded to antibiotics, where as those withcystic nature persisted and these are hydrosalphinx and simple serous cysts. All the persistent masses and those in post menopausal patients were subjected to laparoscopy or Laparotomy. The histopathological diagnosis was simple serous cysts and those who showed solid areas, it was papillary serous cystade nofebroma. The sensitivity specifically of TVS in prediction benign ovarian masses were 89% and 88% respectively. Laparoscopy has a high negative predictive value and thus a better diagnostic tool. However TVS by giving internal architecture of the mass helped conservative management to be employed safely. Surgery could have been avoided even if the cyst persisted and an USG guided aspiration could have been employed as an alternative therapy in 76.7% cases of cystic masses in this series.

7 tables, 10 ref

000537   Das M;Prasad K D;Sinha S;Ranjan R (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Ranchi-834 006) : Gastrointestinal helminths infecting goats. J Res-Birsa Agric Univ 2006, 18(2), 289-93.

A very high degree (62.54 %) of G.I.helminths infection was observed in goats at and around Ranchi, Jharkhand. The females had higher percentage (66.16%) of infection than males (56.60%). Likewise, the animals of more than 9 months age had more (66.14 %) infection. The breed-wise incidence did not differ significantly while the infection rate was found to be significantly higher in rainy (73.22 %) than winter (60.73 %) and summer (53.26 %.).

1 tables, 9 ref

000536   Das A;Ray B;Das D;Das S (NO, Sector-1, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 064, CF 68, Email: doctoramitava@yahoo.com) : Images: Hurler's disease. Indian J Radiol Imag 2007, 17(4), 277-9.

7 illus, 4 ref

000535   Daga M K;Ahuja V M;Bajaj S K;Bhatnagar J; Naresh Kumar;Singh K J;Singla R (Physiology Dep, Maulana Azad Medical College and Attached Hospitals, New Delhi-110 001) : Bronchial responsiveness in normal first-degree relatives of asthmatics and patients of allergic rhinitis. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2007, 8(1), 36-41.

Studied the magnitude of bronchial lability in patients with allergic rhinitis and in first-degree relatives of asthmatics when challenged by exercise test. Twenty healthy first-degree relatives of asthmatic patients and twenty patients of allergic rhinitis were assessed for exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) and compared with twenty healthy controls after a simple 2-step exercise protocol of 6 minutes. Serial measurements of various pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters were done including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced expiratory flow at 25 -75% of vital capacity (FEF_25-75%) in each subject before and after exercise. Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) was observed in 25% of healthy first-degree relatives of asthmatic patients in comparison to 10% of allergic rhinitis patients and 10% of healthy controls. Mean values of different parameters mentioned above, exhibited similar trend in allergic rhinitis patients and healthy controls when plotted against time, while the trend was significantly different for subjects who were relatives of asthmatic patients. Changes in PEFR and FEV_25-75% were greatest when per cent rise and per cent fall indices were calculated from the maximum rise and maximum fall of different indices as per cent of baseline value. The exercise-induced bronchial lability is much higher in apparently healthy first-degree relatives of asthmatics as compared to apparently healthy controls and patients of allergic rhinitis. Amongst all the PFT parameters, PEFR and FEF_25-75% seem to be the most sensitive measures for identifying EIB.

1 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

000534   Cruz D A K;Yueh B;Das A K;Mc Dowell J A; Chaukar D A;Ernest A W (Head and Neck Service, Surgery Dep, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Road Parel, Mumbai-400 012, Email: adcruz@vsnl.com) : Validation of the University of Washington quality of life questionnaires for head and neck cancer patients in India. Indian J Cancer 2007, 44(4), 147-54.

Quality of me (QOL) is a multidimensional construct capturing the subjective wellbeing of patients in physical, emotional, functional and social domains. Available work on post treatment QOL have only been made in western literature and less in Indian literature. Translates the UWQOL into both Hindi and Marathi and psychometrically validate the translation in HandN cancer patients in Indian population. 147 patients were enrolled from January to April 2005. The study was carried out in two phases. Patients were given translated versions of the UWQOL and EORTC QOL questionnaires preoperatively, 15 days postoperatively and then three months postoperatively. Both the Hindi and Marathi translations had strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha-0.7971 and 0.7839). UWQOL composite scores correlated well with the global questions on overall QOL in both the Hindi (r=0.69) and Marathi (r=0.66) translations and also with Tstage. QOL scores were worse three months postoperatively than preoperatively and for patients undergoing surgery that violated the mucosa. A strong correlations was observed (r>0.50) between all similar domains on the UWQOL and EORTC HandN35 except the saliva item on the Marathi translation, where r<0.50, but Rvalues were significant. The Marathi and Hindi versions of the UWQOL appear to be valid and reliable instruments for assessing the QOL in Indian population and will be a vital tool for achieving greater insight into the short and the long term QOL.

9 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

000533   Choubisa S L;Choubisa L;Sompura K;Choubisa D (Zoology Dep, Government Meera Girl's College, Udaipur-313 001) : Fluorosis in subjects belonging to different ethnic groups of Rajasthan (India). J Commun Dis 2007, 39(3), 171-7.

A total of 11205 and 7416 subjects (both sexes) belonging to different ethnic groups viz., Scheduled tribes (S.T.), Scheduled castes (S.C.) and General Castes (G.C.) of Dungarpur and Udaipur districts of Southern Rajasthan (India), respectively were examined for evidence of dental and skeletal fluorosis and observed the relative prevalence and severness of fluoride (F) toxicity in these ethnic groups. An overall and the highest prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis (69.0%, and 27.7% respectively) were observed in the subjects of S.T. followed by 57.2% and 20.8% in S.C. and 38.6% and 9.3% in G.C. ethnic group. The severity of fluorosis in these groups have also been observed. The severity of dental fluorosis was found 28.1 % in S.T., 24.6% in S.C. and 22.0% in G.C. whereas, the severity of skeletal fluorosis varied from 54.2% in S.T., 46.2%, in S.C. to 32.6% in G.C. These data were also analysed statistically and found to be highly positive correlation (r = + 1.00; p<O.OOl). The variation in the prevalence of fluorosis in these ethnic groups is related with the variation in the fluoride exposure through nutritional components of diet andfeeding habits. X-rays of different regions of the tribal subjects (S.T.) also showed the maximum calcification in the ligaments and interosseous membranes as well as increased mass and density of bones. These radiological changes were less sever in the individuals of G.C. Besides, the F concentration, the water quality (alkalinity, total hardness, pH, NO₃ etc.) is also influence and accelerate the prevalence and severness of fluorosis which has also been focussed in the present communication.

3 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

000532   Chaudhry S;Chaudhry S;Chaudhry K (Mathematics Dep, California State Univ, Northridge, Clifornia, USA, Email: chaudhry_k@hotmail.com) : Point of sale tobacco advertisements in India. Indian J Cancer 2007, 44(4), 131-6.

The effect of any legislation depends on its implementation. Limited studies indicate that tobacco companies may tend to use such provision for surrogate advertising. The point of sale advertisement provision has been placed in the Indian Tobacco Control legislation. The study was undertaken to assess the Indian scenario in this regard. To assess if there are any violations related to provision of point of tobacco sale advertisements under India's comprehensive tobacco Control legislation in different parts of India. Boards over various shops showing advertisements of tobacco products were observed in the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Trivandrum and Jaipur, between September 2005 and March 2006. The point of sale advertisements mushroomed after the implementation of 2004 tobacco Control legislation. Tobacco advertisement boards fully satisfying the point of sale provision were practically non-existent. The most common violation of point of sale advertisements was the larger size of the board but with tobacco advertisement equal to the size indicated in the legislation and remaining area often showing a picture. Invariably two boards were placed together to provide the impression of a large single repetitive advertisement. More than two boards was not common. Tobacco advertisement boards were also observed on closed shops/warehouses, shops not selling tobacco products and on several adjacent shops. The purpose of the point of sale advertisements seem to be surrogate advertisement of tobacco products, mainly cigarettes.

8 illus, 13 ref

000531   Chattopadhyay S;Haldar A;Mundle M;Joardar G K (Community Medicine Dep, IPCMER, Kolkata-700 020) : Health care practices of tuberculosis patients in district south 24 Parganas, West Bangal. J Commun Dis 2007, 39(3), 193-6.

^ssc3 tables, 12 ref

000530   Chandra Pramanik K;Biswas R;Bandyopadhyay D; Mishra M;Ghosh C;Chatterjee T K (Pharmacology Div, Pharmaceutical Technology Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: tkchatterjee81@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of anti-ulcer properties of the leaf extract of Juniperus communis L. in animals. J nat Remedies 2007, 7(2), 207-13.

The purpose of this study is to elicit the anti-ulcer property of Juniperus communis (Linn.). In the present communication, models of acetyl salicylic acid, serotonin, indomethacin, alcohol and stress-induced gastric ulcerations in rats and histamine-induced duodenal lesions in guinea pigs were adopted to study the anti-ulcer activity of the extract. Biochemical parameters like pH, total acidity and peptic acidity of the gastric juice was also studied. The crude leaf extract at doses of 50 mg and 100 mg/kg (i.p) significantly inhibited aspirin, serotonin, indomethacin, alcohol and stress-induced gastric ulcerations in rats and histamine-induced duodenal lesions in guinea pigs. The healing rate of acetic acid induced ulcer in rats was also enhanced significantly by the leaf extract. The results were at par with the standard drug ranitidine. Biochemical analysis of gastric juice revealed that the extract significantly decreased its volume and total acidity, but did not alter its pH and peptic activity. The study revealed that the leaf extract of J. communis is a potent ulcer pain reliever and also promotes healing, which are the two ultimate goals of therapy for ulcers.

4 tables, 15 ref

000529   Chandola H C (Anaesthesiology Dep, M.L.N. University medical College, AU, Allahabad, Email: be_chandola@yahoo.co.in ) : Emergency anaesthetic management of extensive thoracic trauma. Indian J Anaesth 2007, 51(5), 394-400.

High speed vehicles, drug abuse, alcohol and easy availability of handguns are the main reasons of increasing number of trauma especially thoracic trauma. Anaesthesiologist plays an important role in the management of extensive thoracic trauma. Thioracic trauma, penetrating or blunt, may cause damage to organs suspended in thorax viz. pleura, lungs, heart, great vessels, trachea and oesophagus. It may lead to pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade or life threatening haemorrhage. With aggressive care and management of these factors, majority of patients can survive and return to normal life.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

000528   Biswas G;Khadwal A;Arora B;Bhagwat R;Banavali S D;Nair C N;Pai S K;Kurkure P A (Medical Oncology Dep, 808, GJB, Tata Memorial centre, Parel-400 012, Email: kurkurepa@tmcmail.com) : Activity and toxicity of 2-CDA in langerhans cell histiocytosis: a single institutional experience. Indian J Cancer 2007, 44(4), 137-41.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of immature and abnormal bone marrow derived langerhans cells. Treatment is usually multimodal. Potent anti-monocyte as well as immunomodulatory activity of 2-CDA and its proven efficacy in many lymphoproliferative disorders has made 2-CDA a rational choice in treatment of LCH. Evaluates the efficacy and toxicity profile of 2-CDA in children with relapsed or refractory LCH. Seven patients of relapsed and refractory LCH were enrolled from July 2000 to June 2004. The cohort of seven patients included six males and one female with a median age at initiation of cladribine was 2.25 years (range, 1.67 to 7.0 years). Three patients had received one prior chemotherapy regimen while the rest were heavily pretreated. Cladribine was administered over two hours IV daily for five days and repeated every four weeks. After a median of six courses of cladribine (range, 2 to 9), two (33%) patients achieved PR and two (33%) patients have SD on imaging but are clinically better. None experienced grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity. At a median follow-up of 19 months (range, 8 to 52 months), five patients remain alive and one patient has died. Study shows that single agent 2-CDA is active and well-tolerated in children with relapsed or refractory LCH.

2 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

000527   Bhutani S;Hiremath S N;Swamy P V;Raju S A (Pharmaceutical Technology Dep, H K E Society's College of Pharmacy, Sedam Road, Gulbarga-585 105, Email: snhiremath@rediffmail.com) : Preparation and evalution of inclusion complexes of carvedilol. J scient ind Res 2007, 66(10), 830-34.

Inclusion behaviour of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) was studied towards carvedilol, an antihypertensive agent, in order to develop a new oral dosage form with enhanced dissolution rate and bioavailabilily. following cyclodextrin complexation. Formation of inclusion complexes with HPβ-CD in the solid slate was confirmed by DSC and FTIR and comparative studies on in-vitro dissolution were carried out. Phase solubility studies indicated formation of 1:1 M complex for MP(3-CD. Apparent stability constant (Kc) was found to be 582.78 M^-1 for HPP-CD complexes. DSC studies indicated formation of solid inclusion complexes of carvedilol-HPβ-CD at 1:2 M ratio prepared by kneading method. Solid complexes of carvedilol-HPβ-CD at 1:2 M prepared by physical and kneading method exhibited higher dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency values than the pure drug and other complexes.

4 illus, 1 table, 9 ref 

000526   Bhure S K;Kataria M;Mohini S;Somvanshi R (Biochemistry Div, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Email: mkatria@rediffmail.com) : In vitro and in vivo lymphocyte proliferation studies of toxins of bracken and polystichum ferns. Toxic int 2007, 14(2), 153-7.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography of aqueous extract of young fronds of Bracken, Polysticum and Dryopteris indicated the presence of 6.04, 20.34 and 18.13mg ptaquiloside/kg dry wt basis respectively. Terpenoids, flavanoids and glycosides was found to be present in ethanolic extract. In vitro studies of methanolic and aqueous extract of bracken and Polystichum fern with PMN cells of healthy cattle revealed increased lymphoproliferative response than the known mitogen Con A and PHA. The degree of lymphocyte proliferation was in the following order: standard ptaquiloside < Con A < PHA < Fraction K < Fraction H < Fraction aqueous < Fraction G. In vivo lymphocyte proliferation response carried out with the PMN cells of Bracken and Dryopteris fed groups showed higher mitogenic activity to the known mitogen Con A and PHA as compared to PMN cells of control animals.

3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

000525   Bhattacharyya R;Dutta B (Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Dep, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, Email: dr_rajibb@hotmail.com) : Postoperative analgesia with local anaesthetic and opioid combinations, using double space CSE technique. Indian J Anaesth 2007, 51(5), 409-14.

Double space combined spinal epidural anaesthesia (CSEA) is one of the techniques of anaesthetic armamentarium, which can be used as the sole technique of anaesthesia and continued for relief of postoperative pain. A prospective, randomized, and controlled study was conducted involving 90 patients of ASA physical status I & II coming for elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries, carried under spinal anaesthesia with 2.5 ml bupivacaine heavy (0.5%) given intrathecally. Epidurally, 0.125% bupivacaine alone, or along with morphine 2.5 mg or tramadol 75 mg was administered postoperati vely, at two segment sensory regression. The duration of analgesia or the time to first top-up dose in the study groups were 206.8 ± 97.5 minutes, 507.3 ± 228.6 minutes and 399.3 ± 152.1 minutes respectively, in bupivacaine group, morphine-bupivacaine group and tramadol-bupivacaine group. None of the patients in the study groups demonstrated motor block after 2 hours of observation period. None of the patients in the study groups had respiratory depression. The double space technique is also economical to the patients, which is a major advantage in Indian country.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

000524   Bhati S K;Pankaj Kumar;Jai Singh;Anil Kumar; Anil Shivilik;Ashok Kumar (Pharmacology of Pharmacology, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut-250 004) : Thiadiazolylazetidinyl and thiadiazolythiazolidinyl napthalenes as anti-inflammatory agents. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 515-22.

β-(Carbethoxymethyl)aminonapthalene, (1) β-(Thiosemicarbozido carbonylmethyl) aminonapthalene, (2) β-(2'-Amino-1',3',4'-thiadiazole-5'-yl) methylaminonapthaline (3) β-[2'-(Benzylideneamino-1',3',4'-thiadiazole-5'-yl methyl] aminonapthalenes (4a-4j), b'-[2'-(2"-Substitutedaryl-4"-oxo-thiazolidin-3'-yi-)-V,3',4'thiadiazo l-5'-ylmethyl]aminonapthalenes(5a-5j), and b-[2'-(3"-Chloro-2"-substitutedaryl-4"-oxo-azetidin-1"-yl)-1',3',4'thi adiazole-5'-ylmethyl]amino- napthalenes. (6a-6j) have been synthesized in present study. The structure of these newly synthasized compounds were confirmed by their analytical and spectral data. These compounds were also evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activities.The compound (6e) was found to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the standard drugs phenylutazone and naproxen.

1 sch, 2 tables, 20 ref

000523   Bharati N;Devarajan J (Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Dep, PGIMER, Chandigarh-160 012, Email: bhartineeraj@yahoo.com) : Comparison of bispectral index valuse produced by isoflurane and halothane at equal end-tidal MAC concentrations. Indian J Anaesth 2007, 51(5), 401-4.

The bispectral index (BIS) has been validated as a measure of hypnotic effect for various anaesthetic agents. There are limited data correlating the BIS with minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of different volatile anaesthetics. We compared the BIS values using halothane and isoflurane at equal end-tidal MAC multiples. Forty adult patients of ASAI-II undergoing elective abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned into two groups. After a standardized induction, anaesthesia was maintained with either halothane (Group H) or isoflurane (Group I) in combination with nitrous oxide 66% in oxygen and fentanyl. BIS values were measured before induction, during anaesthesia at 0.5 MAC, 1 MAC, 1.5 MAC concentration of the volatile anaesthetics and then at awakening of the patient. BIS measurements were made after meeting steady state concentrations of volatile anaesthetic agents. BIS values at 0.5 MAC, 1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC for patients receiving halothane exceeded those for patients receiving isoflurane. BIS value at awakening did not differ between the halothane and isoflurane groups. Concludes that at equal MAC concentrations of halothane and isoflurane BIS values were significantly lower with isoflurane.

1 table, 1 illus, 12 ref

000522   Bedi T H S;Bagga R N (NO, Diwan Chand Satyapal Aggarwal Imaging Center, 10-B, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-100 001, Email: thsbedi@rediffmail.com) : Ultrasound in rheumatology. Indian J Radiol Imag 2007, 17(4), 299-305.

16 illus, 25 ref

000521   Banyal H S;Sharma S K (Laboratory of Parasitology and Immunology, Biosciences Dep, Himachal Pradesh Univ, Shimla-171 005, Email: hsbanyal@yahoo.co.in) : Gluathione metabolism in parasitic protozoa. J parasitic Dis 2007, 31(2), 92-102.

This review is concerned with the current progress in unraveling biochemical and physiological roles of glutathione system in parasitic protozoa. Glutathione metabolism plays a central role in thiol-disulphide redox metabolism in many parasitic protozoa either directly or in conjugation with spermidine as in trypanosomes. Characterization of various key enzymes of metabolic pathways in parasitic protozoa has revealed that these enzymes are quite different from the host due to long sequences with large number of insertions, in having different residues at substrate binding site and in exhibiting different kinetic properties. Much of the new information about glutathione metabolism has been obtained through studies with selective inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the metabolism. These enzyme inhibitors and other compounds which inhibit in vivo glutathione synthesis have opened the way to selective modulation of glutathione metabolism, making several therapeutic approaches possible.

^iia3 illus, 97 ref

000520   Balakumar K (Ultrasonography Dep, Balku's Scan, PVS Hospital, Calicut-673 002, Email: balkumardr@sify.com) : Case report: sirenomelia-early second trimester antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. Indian J Radiol Imag 2007, 17(4), 273-4.

^ccr3 illus, 9 ref

000519   Bajpai K G;Gupta R;Johri S;Saxena A M (Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: anandmsaxena@rediffmail.com) : An in-vitro study on blood sugar lowering effect of Coccinia indica Linn. whole plant in normal experimental rat models. Proc Zool Soc India 2007, 6(2), 39-44.

The blood sugar lowering effect of 95% ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica Linn., whole plant was evaluated in-vitro using three different experimental rat models. The plant extract caused significant blood sugar lowering in fasted and fed male albino rat models. The extract also depressed the peak value in glucose loaded model. Further, effect of crude extract on pancreatic β-cells of islets of Langerhans investigated. Marked degranuiation in pancreatic β-cells of rats were observed in that treated with the extract.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

000518   Attar M N;Momin L;Gandhi N M;Moulik P K;Osula S;Rose E L (NO, , 22, St Gregory road Preston, Lancashire, UK PR1 6YB, Email: nadattar@hotmail.com) : Non ST elevation myocardial infarction in a case of meningococcal septicaemia. Indian J Cardiol 2006, 9(1-2), 59-60.

Acute meningococcemia is a life threatening infection with high mortality and morbidity. Presented a young adult male with acute meningococcal septicaemia who developed Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) confirmed by substantially elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with ECG changes. Echocardiogram was normal. He was successfully treated with antibiotics and made a full recovery. Stress ECg at one month was normal. Thrombosis in the coronary microcirculation due to the procoagulant state is the likely mechanism. A case of NSTEMI has been reported in a 10 year old chile and this is the first case of NSTEMI in an adult patient with meningococcemia. We believe this is only the second case of NSTEMI following meningococcemia to be reported in literature.

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000517   Atre A;Rajapure S;Joseph J (Radiodiagnosis Dep, Grant Medical Foundation, Ruby Hall Clinic, 40, Sassoon Road, Pune-411 001, Email: swati.rajapure@rediffmail.com) : Case report: lung lipoma. Indian J Radiol Imag 2007, 17(4), 267-8.

4 illus, 17 ref

000516   Ashuma;Bal M S;Paramjit Kaur;Rath S S;Juyal P D (Epidemology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary S, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana-141 001, Email: ashuma24@yahoo.com) : First report of Hermatia illucens larvae in poultry houses of Punjab. J parasitic Dis 2007, 31(2), 145-6.

Dipetran larvae, belonging to family Stratiomyidae, were found in the litter of poultry farms of the Punjab state. The larvae were of dark brown colour, segmented and hairy. The morphology of larvae was studied.

^ssc1 illus, 12 ref

000515   Ashnagar A;Gharib Naseri N;Eghlimi K P (School of Pharmacy, Ahwaz Jundi Shapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz (Iran)) : Synthesis of a series of Clofibrate drugs. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 477-82.

Clofibrate is a drug especially good at lowering triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein. It can help prevent cholesterol clogging blood vessels. It also lowers blood fats and cholesterol for patients who are at risk of getting heart disease or a stroke. It is only for patients whose cholesterol level is not controlled by diet. The main purpose of the present work, due to the therapeutic effects and also rather cheap and available starting materials, was to synthesize several homologs of clofibrate and establish and characterize the chemical structures of the intermediates and products by various spectroscopic techniques. Clofibrate is synthesized simply by condensation of p-chlorophenol with acetone and chloroform and the resultant acid [2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid] (I) was esterified with ethyl alcohol in the presence of catalytic amount of sulphuric acid to give clofibrate. Esterification of the acid (I) with various different alcohols (methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and 1-butanol) resulted in the formation of different products (III-VI). Chemical structures of the products were carefully determined by their corresponding IR, HNMR and MS (El) and by their boiling points.

2 sch, 10 ref

000514   Arora U;Amit Mann (Microbiology Dep, Govt.Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab) : Prevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in patients of chronic liver disease in Amritsar. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2007, 8(1), 29-31.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis (HCV) C virus are endemic in India and have an aetiological role in acute hepatitis, 50-70% of which end up with chronic liver disease. As HIV also shares common transmission route, co-infection with hepatitis viruses appears to influence the natural history of the disease in these patients. A total of 100 patients diagnosed as chronic liver disease were screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV. Twenty-five health care workers without any evidence of chronic liver disease were also tested. Twenty-eight per cent of the samples were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Thirteen per cent were seropositive for HCV and 3 per cent for HIV. Three per cent had concomitant infection with HBV and HCV, and one per cent showed co-infection of HIV and HBV. In hepatitis B surface antigen positive cases, 39.3% had various risk factors whereas in HCV cases, 92.3% had risk factors. In HIV seropositive cases, all the three patients had risk factors. Mean bilirubin level in hepatitis B cases was almost one and half times the level in hepatitis C cases. Mean level of enzymes (both ALT and AST) in hepatitis B cases were almost double the level of hepatitis C cases. In control group only one case was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen.

4 tables, 13 ref

000513   Appala Raju N;Venkateswara Rao J;Prakash K V; Mukkanti K (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Sultan-UI-Uloom College of Pharmacy, Mount Pleasant, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500 034, Email: jvrao1963@yahoo.co.in) : Spectrophotometric estimation of abacavir sulphate in pharmaceutical formulations. E J Chem 2008, 5(3), 511-14.

Two simple, accurate, rapid and sensitive methods (A and B) have been developed for the estimation of abacavir sulphate in its pharmaceutical dosage form. The method A and B are based on the formation of chloroform extractable complex of abacavir sulphate with bromophenol blue (method A) and bromocresol green (method B), which shows absorbance maxima at 460 nm and 469 nm respectively. The absorbance-concentration plot is linear over the range of 1-10 mcg/mL for method A and B respectively. Results of analysis for all the methods were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The proposed methods are economical and sensitive for the estimation of abacavir sulphate in bulk drug and in its tablet dosage form.

1 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

000512   Alamgir A K M;Akter S F U (NO, , 3/15, Razia Sultana road, Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh, Email: medline@bdmail.net) : High blood pressure- Demographic and socio- economic perspective in an urban community in Bangladesh. Indian J Cardiol 2006, 9(1-2), 27-30.

Designed with objective to find the prevalence of high blood pressure in an urban community of Bangladesh, with special focus on its relation with other socio-economic or behavioural risk factors, this was a cross-sectional community study over randomly selected 493 peoples of 18-64 year age during the period December 2004 to June 2005. Using global standard tools, data were collected by door-to-door person-to-person interview and clinical approach basis. SPSS program with sophisticated statistical tests were done to analyze and interpret data. Prevalence of smoking tobacco was 13.8%(n=68) with total tobacco consumption of 25.76% (n=127). Only 7.4% of hypertensives did some sort of heavy exercise during any part of the week with mean value of 8.47 minute. Mean body weight of the whole sampe was 60.6±11.285 Kg while mean height was 161.5 cm±8.7393. Mean body mass index (BML), Quetelet's Index, was 23.23. Mean Blood Pressure of the community was found to be 124.20 mmHg. Overall prevalence of huypertension was 27.6% according to JNC-7 and WHO-ISH criteria. Blood pressure was found to relate with increasing age (r²=0.108 with F = 60.413, p<0.001) and also after the age of 45 years in women. Blood pressure was found to rise with increment of body weight (for SBP r² = 0.021, F=10.463, p=0.001 and for DBP r² = 0.044, F=23.557, p<0.001). BMI and high blood pressure were related significantly (c² value 29.926, df2, p<0.001). Quantity of tobacco intake affects blood pressure to rise (r²=0.022 for SBP and r²=0.022 for SBP and r²=0.042 for DBP,F=12.279, p<0.001). High Blood pressure is a rapidly progressing community problem. The whole community needs to come ahead with full preparedness to combat it.

2 tables, 34 ref

000511   Akter S F U;Alamgir AKM (Dep of Community Health & Family Medicine, IIUM, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia) : Outcome evaluation of risk reduction intervention on stage-I hypertension at an urban community of Bangladesh. Indian J Cardiol 2006, 9(1-2), 5-11.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 493 respondents aged 18-64 years during the period from July 2004 to June 2005 with intervention on 69 respondents of uncomplicated stage-I hypertension through physical activity enhancement, smoking cessation and dietary advice for overweight reduction for 6 months with objective of evaluating the outcome in a selected urban community in Dhaka city. Data were collected by person-to-person interview. Standard statistical tests were done to analyze and interpret data. Mean height, weight and BMI of the respondents were found to be 161.5 cm, 60.6 Kg and 23.23 kg/m² respectively. Mean Blood Pressure of the respondents was found to be 124/80 mmHg under wHO-ISH recommended procedures. Over all prevalence of hyertension in the study was 27.6%. Blood pressure increased significantly with increasing BMI categories (X²_<2> = 29.9, p < 0.001). The Quantity of tobacco intake affected blood pressure to rise (r²=0.022 for SBP and r²=0.042 for DBP, p<0.001 for both cases). Positive history of high blood pressure among first-degree family members was found among 55.9% cases. Analysis of result after 6-month intervention among stage-I hypertensives revealed mean change of blood pressure -6.54/6.14 mmHg with mean changes of -1.13 Kg body weight and mean change of physical activity 49.4 ± 53.4 minutes meaning reduction of blood pressure with reduction of weight andtobacco consumption but increment of physical activity. Prevalence of hyertension was high in this study and risk reduction intervention found effective.

4 tables, 49 ref

000510   Aggarwal M;Bansal R (NO, , K-31, Plot no - 114, Indraprastha Apartment, I.P. Extension, Delhi-110, Email: mamta_564@hotmail.com) : Thoracic epidural analgesia as an adjunct to general anaesthesia in a case of lung cyst removal in an infant. Indian J Anaesth 2007, 51(5), 438-40.

Paediatric thoracic and lumbar epidural analgesia is an integral part in the management of pain in neonates and children. Presents a case of left lower lobe lung cyst in a 2 months old infant. The infant underwent excision of the lung cyst under general anaesthesia combined with thoracic epidural analgesia using an epidural catheter inserted via the caudal route. Analgesia was provided using 0.25% bupivacaine with l0 mcg of fentanyl. No muscle relaxant was used throughout the surgery. The result showed a marked decrease in the requirement of anaesthetic drugs along with epidural analgesia, reduced surgical stress, and smooth recovery.

2 illus, 22 ref

000509   Aggarwal A;Vij A S;Oberoi A (Medicine Dep, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Three-year retrospective study on the prevalence, drug susceptibility pattern, and phage types of Salmonella enterica subspecies typhi and paratyphi in christian medical college and hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2007, 8(1), 32-5.

Prevalence of Salmonella enterica subspecies S. typhi and S. paratyphi from 16,275 blood cultures received from January, 2003 to December, 2005 was determined. A total of 413 cases of Salmonellae were isolated during this period. Out of these, 257 were S. typhi, 154 were S. paratyphi, and 2 were S. typhimurium. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated in 47 cases. Susceptibility to chloramphenicol showed an upward trend while there was a slight decrease in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Hundred percent sensitivity was observed to newer generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

3 tables, 11 ref

000508   Agarwal D K;Mandal S;Gaurav Sagar (Nephrology Dep, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi) : Overview of renal transplantation. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2007, 8(1), 81-92.

3 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

000507   Agarwal A K;Singla S;Agarwal N;Kumar A;Jain A (Medicine Dep, Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi-110 001) : Approach to a case of hypoglycaemia. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2007, 8(1), 12-22.

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000506   Adeyeye E L (Chemistry Dep, Ado Ekiti Univ, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria)) : Mortality among children in a specialist hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, 2000-2001. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 465-70.

The study reported was based on the retrospective study of the pattern of mortality as recorded for in-patients in the children's ward of the Ekiti State Specialist Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, between 2000-2001. The age range was 0-15 years with a total population of 129 distributed as 66 or 51.16% (2000) and 63 or 48.83% (2001 ).The results showed the following mortality rates according to ages: newborn to pre-school age was 108 or 83.72% (ages 0-5years) while school age was 21 or 16.28% (ages 6-15years).The highest age deaths were recorded as follows: 0-1 was 62 or 48.06%, 2-3 was 37 or 28.68% and 4-5 was 9 or 6.98%. Incidence of mortality into disease category went as follows: infections was 9 or 6.98%, nervous system infections was 12 or 9.30%, respiratory was 9 or 6.98% while circulatory was 20 or 15.5%. In infections, measles was highest with 3.10% overall but 44.4% in group; in nervous system infections, tetanus was highest with 6.98% overall and 75.0% in group; in respiratory, bronchitis pneumonia was the only member and 6.98% overall while in circulatory, plasmodiasis was the only member and 15.50% overall. Anaemia was single highest (38 or 29.46%).

4 tables, 4 ref

000505   Abdul-Salam J;Al-Taqi M;Sreelatha B S (Biological Sciences Dep, Kuwait Univ, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, Kuwait, Email: j.abdulsalam@gmail.com) : Ultrastructure of metacercarial cyst wall of Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (digenea: echinosto-matidae). J parasitic Dis 2007, 31(2), 108-13.

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used for the first time to study the ultrastructure of metacercarial cyst wall of the echinostomatid trematode Acanthoparyphium spinulosum, recovered from the pericardium of naturally-infected marine prosobranch snail Cerithidea cingulata. In general, the ultrastructure of cyst wall conformed to the multi-layered organization that has been described for other echinostomatid metacercariae. The cyst was enclosed and loosely anchored to snail pericardial tissue by a membranous capsule probably of host origin. The outer layer of cyst wall was packed with electron-dense coarse particles; in the outer margin particles were condensed and formed a prominent convoluted bi-lamellate membranous capsule. The middle layer of cyst wall consisted of two zones of electron-dense granular particles; an outer zone of coarse and inner zone of fine particles. The inner layer of cyst wall was composed of an electron-dense multi-lamellate matrix, oriented parallel to the cyst wall. The parasite was observed to be isolated from the cyst lumen by a thin membrane. Structuring of lamellae appeared to be a dynamic process; new lamellae were synthesized by polymerization of particles released from cercarial cystogenous vesicles and old lamellae disassociated into fine granular particles, which diffused into the middle layer of cyst wall.

8 illus, 19 ref