KARISHMA G, RAMBHAROS G, GAUTAM L
001331 KARISHMA G, RAMBHAROS G, GAUTAM L (Ophthalmology Dep, Sawai Man Singh Medical Coll & hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Factors affecting retinal screening among patients with diabetes in India. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 28-31.
To identify various factors affecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening rate and measures to overcome the barriers. Patients visiting the eye OPD were enrolled in this study from January 2017 to December 2018. A total of 2242 patients participated in this study. A questionnaire was prepared to conduct the survey. Excluding patients (82) with missing responses for more than three questions, a final sample of 2160 participants yielded. Although 71.16% of participants reported that their physician suggested DR exam, only 54.16% were screened during the past 2 years. Majority of them gave reason that they didn’t know about the necessity of screening. Knowledge about DR, treatment of DR, risk factors of DR, and knowing the appropriate frequency to have an eye checkup for early detection of DR were significantly associated with receipt of a DR in the past 2 years (all P < 0.05). Lack of awareness came out as major factor to be addressed. Information about the relationship between diabetes and retinopathy and concerns about damage to vision should be considered to promote DR screening.
2 tables, 18 ref
RANI D, AGGARWAL P
001330 RANI D, AGGARWAL P (All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) : Surgical options in management of macular hole. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 18-22.
Macular hole is a full-thickness defect in the neurosensory retina at the fovea that presents with diminution of vision. In majority of the causes, it is idiopathic, though many other etiological theories have also been proposed. Small macular holes are usually associated with better prognosis than the larger ones. Various surgical procedures have been described to manage this condition and there have been continuous improvements in the management techniques. This review article summarises all the surgical techniques and modifications.
1 illus, 37 ref
MANDAL A, MAMMEL A, KAUR H P, SINGH M D, GUJRAL S, KUMAR A
001329 MANDAL A, MAMMEL A, KAUR H P, SINGH M D, GUJRAL S, KUMAR A (Ophthalmology Dep, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) : Glaucoma management during pregnancy and lactation. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 9-12.
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive disease of advancing age which is relatively uncommon in childbearing age. However, with increasing professionalism among women, late pregnancies are becoming more common. This combined with early onset of ageing diseases in India, including glaucoma, more and more cases of glaucoma are being seen among pregnant women. Management of glaucoma in and around pregnancy is a unique challenge of balancing the risk of vision loss to the mother as against the potential harm to the foetus or newborn. During pregnancy, there is physiological reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP). However, some women with pre-existing glaucoma have elevated IOP requiring enhanced medical treatment. The only anti-glaucoma medication categorized in Category B is brimonidine, all others being in Category C. Laser trabeculoplasty is an alternative treatment that can be performed in all trimesters. In selected pregnant glaucoma patients with medically uncontrolled and progressive glaucoma, surgery with caution may lead to good outcomes for the patient with no additional risk for the foetus, especially in second trimester. Beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are preferred for use during lactation when brimonidine is an absolute contraindication due to its ability to cross blood brain barrier. Possible options for glaucoma management and their risks should be discussed with pregnant and lactating patients and optimum treatment given so as to prevent any further deterioration in progressive vision loss and quality of life.
33 ref
CHAUHAN R, SINGH A, MISHRA S, BARANWAL V K
001349 CHAUHAN R, SINGH A, MISHRA S, BARANWAL V K (Ophthalmology Dep, Command Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Epidemiological profile of ocular trauma in a mid-zonal hospital of armed forces in North-East Region of India. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 63-6.
Ocular trauma is an important cause of preventable ocular morbidity and blindness in addition to socioeconomic and psychological ramifications.The spectrum of ocular trauma ranges from minor injuries to very severe sight threatening injuries. Trauma is inevitable in war zone and routine army exercises.There are very few studies establishing relationship between occupation and ocular trauma in armed forces. This study was conducted to provide us with epidemiological data on ocular trauma cases in a mid-zonal hospital of armed forces in north-east region of India. To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with ocular trauma among the soldiers of armed forces deployed in north eastern zone. Materials and Methods: a prospective study was carried on 210 eyes of 200 patients of ocular trauma, presenting to emergency department and outpatient department in a mid-zonal hospital located at Dimapur, Nagaland, during twenty four months period. All demographic data, mode of injury along with complete ophthalmic workup was recorded. Classification system of Birmingham eye trauma terminology system was followed and ocular trauma score was calculated. The best corrected visual acuity at the time of presentation was 6/60 or better among 65%, worse than 6/60 were 25% and 10% were could not perceive light. In gender distribution male outnumbers females 69% and 31% respectively. Most of the cases were belonging to age groups of 30 years and younger 58%. In this study we found out that soldiers working in operations, training, sports and handling machineries (Outdoor) were more prone to trauma > 50% and soldiers of technical trade (Indoor) were least prone 5%. Among the children, school going population was more prone 16% and pre school was less prone being 8%.Adenexal injuries 35% were followed by contusions 25% and perforation being least 2%. Zone I 65% injuries out numbers the zone II and Zone III. Our study shows that whenever zone III is involved, the prognosis always remains guarded.Trauma is inevitable in war scenario, and for those sustaining trauma, multisurgeon intervention is needed. Wearing protective polycarbonate eye wear will minimize work related and sports related injuries.
6 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref
BHOLE P K, PARMAR D P, GOEL N P
001346 BHOLE P K, PARMAR D P, GOEL N P (Ophthalmology Dep, Government Eye Hospital, Ahmedabad) : Risk factors and treatment outcomes of fungal keratitis : A tertiary eye care centre experience. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 45-51.
To study the epidemiological characteristics, microbiological diagnosis and treatment outcome of fungal keratitis in a tertiary eye care centre of Western India. A retrospective non-comparative observational review of the medical and microbiological records was done for all the patients with laboratory proven fungal keratitis on 10% KOH wet mount. Data was compiled in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 spreadsheet and analysis was done using Med-Calc software. Chi square test was used for categorical data. Between July 2016 to August 2018, 104/354 (29.3 %)corneal scrapings of microbial keratitis showed presence of fungal mycelia on 10% KOH wet mount. 72/104 patients were included in the study. Vegetative trauma (31/72 eyes, 43.06%) was the commonest risk factor. Aspergillus and Fusarium species were the major fungi isolated. 52/72 (72.2%) eyes healed with a scar, of which 21 (40.38%) healed with medical management alone, 29 (55.77%) needed additional tissue adhesive with bandage contact lens (BCL) and 2(3.85%) required intracameral Voriconazole. 334/52 eyes had a mean duration of presentation10 days) (p<0.05). History of late presentation, large extent of keratitis and presence of thinning/perforation at presentation were associated with the need for keratoplasty. Considering the recalcitrant course of fungal keratitis, the severity and time of presentation is highly predictive of the disease treatment and outcome.
2 illus, 7 tables, 19 ref
GUPTA R, MOHITE P, PATIL S, BANSAL N
001073 GUPTA R, MOHITE P, PATIL S, BANSAL N (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, D Y Patil Dental School, Pune, Email: ruchikagupta13081989@gmail.com) : A comparison of different hand and rotary endodontic glide path files for buckling resistance: An in vitro study. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 102-6.
The purpose of the present study was to compare the buckling resistance between the hand files and rotary files and compare the buckling resistance between pathfinding files made out of different alloys. The test instruments were divided into two major groups based on the mode of use, hand instruments and rotary instruments. These groups were further divided into six subgroups. Six subgroups of endodontic files containing three samples were tested for buckling resistance by applying load in axial direction using a universal testing machine. The maximum load required to generate a lateral elastic displacement of 1 mm was recorded for each instrument. Data were analyzed using two‑way analysis of variance and Newman–Keuls multiple post hoc tests using software SPSS version 19. P value was considered < 0.05. The results indicated that the buckling resistance decreased in the following order: Hand C Plus file > Rotary One G file > Hand C pilot files > Rotary ProGlider file > Hand PathFinder Carbon Steel > Rotary HyFlex Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) file. The stainless steel instruments (C + and C‑Pilot) were more resistant to buckling than carbon steel (Pathfinder CS) and nickel‑titanium instruments (ProGlider and HyFlex EDM). Buckling resistance may influence instrument’s performance during the negotiation of constricted canals, and the C Plus in hand file group showed significantly better results than the other instruments tested. Metallurgy and modulus of elasticity of the instruments play a significant role in buckling resistance as One G file in rotary file group showed highest buckling resistance (conventional austenite nickel‑titanium) than ProGlider (M‑wire NiTi) and HyFlex (EDM + Controlled Memory).
2 tables, 15 ref
TEJA K V, JANANI K, KALIGOTLA V K, HARINI K
001072 TEJA K V, JANANI K, KALIGOTLA V K, HARINI K (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Saveetha Univ, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: jananikchari@gmail.com) : Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of oregano oil, chlorhexidine, and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 97-101.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative antibacterial efficacy of 0.2 % oregano oil, 2 % chlorhexidine (CHX), and 3 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in disinfection of dentin tubules contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. One hundred and twenty human extracted anterior teeth were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. They were assigned into three groups (n = 40) – Group 1: 3 % NaOCl, Group 2: 2 % CHX, and Group 3: 0.2 % oregano oil.Disinfection protocol was followed using 31‑gauge side‑vented needle. After chemomechanical preparation, the apical 5 mm of the roots was removed frozen in liquid nitrogen and pulverized to expose E. faecalis in dentinal tubules. The number of colony‑forming units of E. faecalis per mg dentin was determined. The data were analyzed statistically. Zone of inhibition of oregano oil was found to be 15 mm, and the values were significant in Group III (P < 0.05) as compared to the other groups assessed. Within the study’s limitation, 0.2 % oregano oil showed better disinfection property against E. faecalis among tested irrigants. Therefore, it can be used as an effective alternative root canal irrigant.
20 ref
KHULLAR S, AGGARWAL A, CHHINA H, KAUR T, SHARMA M, BALA D
001071 KHULLAR S, AGGARWAL A, CHHINA H, KAUR T, SHARMA M, BALA D (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental Coll, Panchkula, Haryana, Email: sanjanakhullar@gmail.com) : Sealer penetration in the dentinal tubules: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 92-6.
The penetration of sealer into dentinal tubules is considered to be a desirable feature as sealers prevent the colonization of residual bacteria into the dentinal tubules because of their antibacterial properties. This study aims to compare the depth of penetration of ADSEAL, Sealapex, and BioRoot RCS into the dentinal tubules in the apical area using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Settings and Design: Quality improvement projects. After decoronating 120 extracted single rooted teeth, preparation was done using ProTaper universal rotary files until F3. Then, the samples were divided into four groups (n = 40) and obturated by the following endodontic sealers: Group A‑ADSEAL, Group B‑Sealapex and Group C‑BioRoot RCS along with F3 gutta‑percha cone. Before root canal filling, the sealers were mixed with 0.1 % Rhodamine B dye. All the samples were sectioned at 3 mm and 5 mm from apex and visualized under CLSM. Data were analyzed using two‑way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: BioRoot RCS has shown significantly higher depth of penetration than resin based sealer and calcium hydroxide based sealer (α < 0.05). At all root regions, BioRoot RCS exhibited more tubular penetration whereas ADSEAL exhibited less penetration.
1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref
KRITIKA S, MAHALAXMI S
001070 KRITIKA S, MAHALAXMI S (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, SRM Dental Coll, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: mahalaxr@srmist.edu.in) : Evaluation of calcium hydroxide incorporated with niobium pentoxide as a direct pulp capping agent – A preliminary ex vivo tooth culture model analysis. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 86-91.
To assess the effect of addition of niobium pentoxide (NP) to calcium hydroxide (CH) when used as a pulp capping agent. The aim was to evaluate the material characteristics and hydration potential of CH incorporated with NP at 15 days in vitro followed by the evaluation of dentin bridge formation in an ex vivo tooth culture model. Two groups, CH (Dycal) and NPCH (5wt % NP added to Dycal prior to mixing) were mixed and the set cement was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy‑energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‑EDS) and X‑ray diffraction (XRD). NPCH was also used for direct pulp capping in two freshly extracted human mandibular third molars for dentin bridge evaluation. The teeth were incubated in Dulbecco modified eagle’s medium for 15 days, following which the teeth were sectioned and analyzed for hard tissue formation under SEM. SEM analysis of the modified material revealed interlacing network with stronger attachment of the agglomerated CH particles and reactionary by‑products formed due to the interaction of CH and NP. EDS analysis showed presence of calcium and oxygen; with Group 2 showing additional presence of niobium and phosphate. XRD showed higher intensity peaks with NPCH than CH. The tooth culture model showed distinct hard tissue formation. Within the limitations of this preliminary study, it can be concluded that the incorporation of NP into CH is a viable alternative to CH for direct pulp capping procedures.
3 illus, 30 ref
KARAD K M, KOLHE S J, GULVE M N,. AHER G B, KOLHE P S
001069 KARAD K M, KOLHE S J, GULVE M N,. AHER G B, KOLHE P S (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, MGV’s KBH Dental Coll and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, Email: kkeiur100394@gmail.com) : Penetration depth of sodium hypochlorite into dentinal tubules influenced by different agitation systems. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 81-5.
To compare the effect of different agitation systems on the penetration depth of sodium hypochlorite into dentinal tubules: An in vitro study. Studies have found the presence of bacteria in dentinal tubule up to 200 µ. Passive irrigation using NaOCl may not adequately eliminate these bacteria. Hence, it is mandatory to use agitation systems during irrigation and disinfection of root canal. Eighty extracted teeth with single canals were used. Standardized access cavity preparation and working length determination were done using visual method. All canals were instrumented till #30, 6 %. All samples were immersed in crystal violet dye. The samples were randomly divided into four groups depending on the type of agitation system used (n = 20): Group A: manual dynamic agitation (MDA), Group B: EndoActivator (EA), Group C: EndoUltra (EU), and Group D: EndoVac (EV). Each agitation system was used with 5 ml of 5.25 % NaOCl, and each tooth was sectioned into two halves. These sections were analyzed under a stereomicroscope, and NaOCl penetration depth was measured at coronal, middle, and apical third levels. Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: At all levels of examination, EU significantly showed a maximum penetration depth of NaOCl throughout the length of root canal, followed by EA, MDA, and EV. Ultrasonic agitation using EU is the most effective method to disinfect the dentinal tubules throughout the length of root canal than EA and MDA. EV showed the least penetration depth of sodium hypochlorite.
2 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref
SINGLA M G, KUMAR H, SINGH N
001068 SINGLA M G, KUMAR H, SINGH N (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Sudha Rustagi Coll of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, Email: meenu_sanjeevsingla@hotmail.com) : A comparative evaluation of canal transportation, centering ability, and volumetric increase in the curved canals using thermally treated three nickel–titanium rotary files: A cone‑beam computed tomography study. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 75-80.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare canal transportation (CT), centering ability (CA), and volumetric changes in the curved canals prepared using Hyflex Electrical Discharge Machining (HEDM), ProTaper Gold (PG), and NeoEndo Flex rotary file systems through cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT). Sixty mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars were selected. Pre‑ and postinstrumentation CBCT scans were taken in the same position. CT and CA were calculated at 1 mm, 4 mm, and 7 mm from the apex; change in volume for the whole canal was measured and analyzed statistically. The results showed that mean CT of HEDM and NeoEndo was less than PG at all levels, with significant differences at 4 mm and 7 mm. Regarding CA, no significant differences were found among the file systems. PG showed maximum volumetric increase with no statistically significant differences between the groups. All the experimental file systems respected the canal anatomy, although in the middle third, PG showed significantly more CT than HEDM and NeoEndo, whereas in the coronal third, PG showed significantly greater CT than NeoEndo. Regarding CA, no significant differences were found among the file systems. PG showed maximum volume of dentin removal.
2 tables, 27 ref
MANDVIWALA D K, AGRAWAL V S, KAPOOR S V
001067 MANDVIWALA D K, AGRAWAL V S, KAPOOR S V (Conservative and Endodontics Dep, M.P. Dental Coll and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, Email: docsonali@gmail.com) : Evaluation of microcrack formation after root‑end preparation with two different types of ultrasonic retrotips and conventional bur: A stereomicroscopic study. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 69-74.
The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate and compare the root‑end cavities for the presence of microcracks after cavity preparation using two different ultrasonic (US) retrotips and conventional bur. Thirty single‑rooted teeth were instrumented and obturated. Three millimeters of apices were resected. Retrograde Class I cavities 3 mm deep were prepared on resected surfaces of ten teeth with diamond‑coated US retrotip (Group 1), ten teeth with zirconium‑nitride‑coated US retrotip (Group 2), and ten teeth with conventional bur (Group 3). The root‑end surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope and the resected root surfaces were evaluated for the presence of microcracks on microphotographs. Statistically significant difference was detected between diamond‑coated and zirconium‑nitride‑coated US retrotips and also significant difference was detected when the same were compared with conventional bur for the presence of microcracks. Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that both zirconium‑nitride‑ and diamond‑coated retrotips produce more dentinal crack formation compared to conventional bur, but none of them produce a complete crack. Moreover, the diamond‑coated retrotips produce less debris formation and minimal dentinal crack compared to zirconium‑nitride‑coated retrotips.
1 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref
SUBRAMANI R P, MEENAKSHISUNDARAM R, RAMACHANDRAN A, SAVARIMALAI K C
001066 SUBRAMANI R P, MEENAKSHISUNDARAM R, RAMACHANDRAN A, SAVARIMALAI K C (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, CSI Coll of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai? 625 003, Tamil Nadu, Email: rathnapiriyanga14@gmail.com) : Evaluation of surface roughness and push‑out bond strength of glass fiber post with and without surface pretreatments: A scanning electron microscopy study. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 62-8.
The aim is to evaluate and compare the surface roughness and push‑out bond strength of glass fiber post with and without surface pretreatments using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 40 extracted human maxillary central incisors selected were decoronated at 15 mm coronally from the root apex. The teeth were subjected to root canal treatment and the postspace preparation was done with Peeso reamers size 1, 2, and 3, leaving a minimum 4 mm apical seal and created a standard postspace of 10 mm. Forty glass fiber posts (Easy Post, Dentsply) were divided into four groups based on surface treatment of the post with 10 in each. Group I: Without Pretreatment (Control Group) (10 Nos), Group II: 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid (10 Nos), Group III:Sandblasting with 110 µm aluminum oxide particles (10 Nos), and Group IV: erbium: yttrium‑aluminum‑garnet (Er:YAG) Laser (10 Nos). The surface roughness analysis with and without pretreatment was performed under Scanning Electron Microscope and measured in Mountains map premium 7.4 software. The posts were luted with Self‑adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200) and light cured for 40s. Push‑out bond strength was evaluated using the universal testing machine; the values were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. The push‑out bond strength of the post is significantly increased when the postsurface is treated with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid at all three levels. Acid etching of post with 9.6 % hydrofluoric acid increased push‑out bond strength significantly without changing the structural integrity of the post whereas Er:YAG can be used as alternative to sandblasting.
1 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref
AGGARWAL V, SINGLA M, GUPTA A, MEHTA N, KUMAR U
001065 AGGARWAL V, SINGLA M, GUPTA A, MEHTA N, KUMAR U (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Email: drvivekaggarwal@gmail.com) : How to write systematic review and meta‑analysis. Endodontology 2021, 33(2), 55-61.
There has been a paradigm shift in the treatment options available to an endodontist. A lot of clinical, as well as laboratory studies, have been published over the last few decades. Often a clinician faces a problem in deciding a treatment plan for a particular clinical problem. Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‑analysis (MA) can help to find reliable data for a specific research question. In simple words, the SR and MA are research on all existing literature on a specific research question. The purpose of this article is to provide a step‑by‑step procedure for conducting SRs and MA.
2 illus, 31 ref
AGARWAL E, NIKHIL V
001064 AGARWAL E, NIKHIL V (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Swami Vivekanand Subharti Univ, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, Email: agarwalesha2013@gmail.com) : A population‑based observational morphologic measurements of anatomic landmarks in maxillary and mandibular molar. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 43-8.
The aim of this study is to study the morphological measurements of external and internal anatomic landmarks in human maxillary and mandibular molars and their correlation with critical pulp chamber morphology. A total of 200 mandibular and maxillary molar teeth of patients were evaluated. Teeth whose pulp chamber were not violated by caries, restoration, fracture crown, and those having closed apex were included in the study. Teeth were subjected to radiovisiography of bitewing projection and imaging tool was utilized for measuring‑A: Distance from the pulp chamber floor to the furcation, B:Distance from the pulp chamber ceiling to the furcation, C:Distance from the buccal cusp tip to the furcation, D:Distance from the buccal cusp to the floor of the pulp chamber, E: Distance from the buccal cusp to the ceiling of pulp chamber, and F: Pulp chamber height.Differences in the measurements were examined using the Student’s t‑test and Pearson correlations. All results were considered statistically significant if P < 0.05. There were significant differences found among the various measurements between young and old population groups (P < 0.05). The highest percentage variance was found for the height of the pulp chamber (P < 0.001). The knowledge of pulp chamber morphology should be integrated with preoperative radiograph and intraoperative tactile perception during endodontic access preparation.
2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref
TILAKCHAND M, PANDEY P, SHETTY P, NAIK B, SHETTI S, NIRMALA C
001063 TILAKCHAND M, PANDEY P, SHETTY P, NAIK B, SHETTI S, NIRMALA C (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Univ, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: mahima702002@yahoo.co.in) : The comparative evaluation of various additives on setting time and compressive strength of MTA Plus: An in vitro study. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 36-42.
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), being a near‑ideal retrograde filling material, has the greatest disadvantage of longer setting time, which limits its use in a certain clinical situation. A novel MTA, known as MTA Plus, claims to have a finer particle size and is marketed with an additional anti‑washout gel. This study was undertaken to compare the setting time and compressive strength (CS) of MTA Plus with various additives. MTA Plus powder was mixed with following additives such as 5 % CaCl2 solution, 10 % CaCl2 solution, phosphate‑buffered saline, 80 % distilled water/20 % propylene glycol, saline, lidocaine HCl, 15 % sodium phosphate monobasic, 3 % sodium hypochlorite gel, and proprietary gel with MTA Plus in the ratio of 3:1 by weight. Setting time was evaluated using Vicat apparatus using a brass mold with an internal diameter of 10 mm and height of two millimeters. CS was evaluated using an Instron machine using a split brass mold with an internal diameter of Four millimeters and height of Six millimeters. The results showed that 15 % sodium hydrogen phosphate and MTA Plus gel significantly decrease the setting time of MTA Plus. MTA Plus gel set cement gave the highest value of CS among all groups of additives studied. Interpretation and Additives used in the given study had an influence on physical property like setting time and mechanical property like CS of MTA Plus.
2 tables, 24 ref
KAMAT N A, VALLABHANENI S, SARAF P, KAMATAGI L, TOTAD S
001062 KAMAT N A, VALLABHANENI S, SARAF P, KAMATAGI L, TOTAD S (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, PMNM Dental Coll, Bagalkot, Karnataka, Email: nikita.kamat32@gmail.com) : Cone‑beam computed tomography assessment of root canal transportation and evaluation of remaining dentin thickness using XP EndoShaper and EndoStar E5. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 30-5.
The aim of this study was to compare canal transportation and remaining dentin thickness (RDT) of multiple‑file system EndoStar E5 and single‑file system XP EndoShaper (XPS) using cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and method: A total of 50 mesiobuccal canals of the maxillary first molars with curvatures of 15°–30° were chosen and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 25). Canals were shaped with XPS in Group 1 and with EndoStar E5 in Group 2. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, canal preparation was made.Canals were scanned before and after instrumentation using CBCT scanner to evaluate the root canal transportation at 3, 5, and 7 mmfromthe apex.Data were statistically analyzed, and significance level was set at P < 0.05. Intergroup comparison mesiodistally showed that there was no significant canal transporation among both groups. Intergroup comparison buccolingually showed that there was statistically significant canal transporation at five millimeters when instrumented with XPS than EndoStar E5. With respect to RDT, intergroup comparison showed that mesially, distally, lingually, and bucally, there was no significant difference in the RDT. The present study indicates safety in the preparation of root canals with XPS as well as EndoStar E5. Both the files maintained original canal curvature while preserving RDT.
3 illus, 1 table, 25 ref
PATHAK V K, SINGHAL R K, JAIN A, MANKELIYA S, SINGH K, SHARMA A
001061 PATHAK V K, SINGHAL R K, JAIN A, MANKELIYA S, SINGH K, SHARMA A (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Maharana Pratap Coll of Dentistry and Research Centre, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Email: vivekpathak786@gmail.com) : A comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of four different single‑file systems in severely curved mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular first molars: An in vitro study. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 25-9.
The aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of four different single‑file systems in severely curved mesiobuccal root canals in extracted human mandibular first molars. Sixty extracted intact human mandibular first molars with at least one curved mesial root were collected and used for the study. The study samples (n = 60) were divided into four experimental groups (n = 15 each):WaveOne (WO) (Group I), WaveOne Gold (WOG) (Group II), OneShape (Group III), and F360 (Group IV).The working length was established. All the study samples were prepared with respective file systems according to manufacturer’s instructions. Pre‑ and postinstrumentation radiographs were taken and images were transferred to AutoCAD 2016 to determine the radius of curvature of each root canal.The canal curvature was assessed as a difference between before and after instrumentation to determine canal straightening. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0. The pre‑ and postinstrumentation readings were compared using one‑sample t‑test, and difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean difference in root curvature was estimated by pre‑ and postinstrumentation readings. According to mean change in the root curvature, the order determined was Group IV < III < II < I. Intergroup comparison was conducted using ANOVA statistical analysis, and it was found to be statistically significant. WOG and WO reciprocating files showed a marked tendency to straighten the severely curved canals, whereas F360 and OneShape continuous files maintained the original canal curvatures well.
4 tables, 24 ref
WAHANE K D, KULKARNI S S, DAOKAR S, PATIL K, PATEL K, THORAT T
001060 WAHANE K D, KULKARNI S S, DAOKAR S, PATIL K, PATEL K, THORAT T (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, CSMSS Dental Coll and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: shraddhakulkarni2310@gmail.com) : An assessment of the efficacy of a rotary and a reciprocating retreatment file system for removal of gutta percha from root canals: An in vitro cone beam computed tomography study. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 20-4.
The aim of this study was to compare the NeoEndo and WaveOne retreatment systems concerning the effective removal of epoxy resin‑based sealer and gutta‑percha during the retreatment of straight root canals. Sixty extracted, human mandibular first premolars with single straight roots were selected based on cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluations. The root canals were instrumented with the ProTaper system up to the F3 file and filled with gutta‑percha and epoxy resin‑based sealer using the cold lateral condensation technique. After 1 month, the samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the retreatment system used: NeoEndo and WaveOne. A CBCT device scanned specimen after the root filling and retreatment procedures, and the decrease in the volume of filling material after each retreatment protocol was measured. The results were analyzed using the paired t‑test and additional box‑and‑whisker plots. The WaveOne removed significantly more material than the NeoEndo (P = 0.005) system. The WaveOne system was more effective than the NeoEndo retreatment system during the removal of filling material.
2 tables, 17 ref
KOHLI T, MEHTA N, GARIMA G, GUPTA A, MAHESH S, ABRAHAM D, SINGH A
001059 KOHLI T, MEHTA N, GARIMA G, GUPTA A, MAHESH S, ABRAHAM D, SINGH A (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Manav Rachna Dental Coll, Faridabad, Haryana, Email: dr.tusharkohli2010@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of photoactivated disinfection and sonic irrigation as an adjunct to conventional irrigation on Enterococcus faecalis in root canals: An in vitro study. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 15-9.
The aim of the in vitro study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of photoactivated disinfection (PAD), sonic irrigation as an adjunct to conventional irrigation against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. A total of 75 extracted teeth were selected and prepared followed by inoculation with strains of E. faecalis, and a preirrigation sample was collected using sterile paper points. These teeth were then divided randomly into three groups for irrigation: Group I (Conventional irrigation), Group II (PAD), and Group III (EndoActivator) followed by postirrigation sample collection using the sterile paper points. The samples were swabbed on blood agar plates and incubated followed by the calculation of colony‑forming units (CFU’s). The results were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software version 18.0. On comparing the mean values among the groups, the reduction in the number of CFU’s after the treatment protocol was highly significant for all groups (P < 0.001).With the preirrigation sample, there is a statistically significant difference in the values of Group I and Group II (P = 0.047). However, in case of postirrigation samples, there is nonsignificant difference between Group II and Group III. PAD using 940 nm diode laser and methylene blue and endoactivator were more effective than sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in reducing E. faecalis counts.
1 table, 38 ref
ANIL A, GEORGE L, DHANAPAL P, THOMAS P, PAUL S
001058 ANIL A, GEORGE L, DHANAPAL P, THOMAS P, PAUL S (Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Palakkad, Kerala, Email: archaanil87@gmail.com) : Evaluation and comparison of the effect of 10 % sodium ascorbate and propolis solution on the microtensile bond strength and resin tag penetration depth of composite after using 35 % carbamide peroxide bleaching agent – An in vitro study. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 11-4.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of 10 % sodium ascorbate and propolis solution on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and resin tag penetration depth of composite after using 35% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent. Sixty extracted human premolars were divided into five groups with 12 samples in each. Group I samples did not receive bleaching treatment and served as control. Group II samples were bonded with composite 2 weeks later, while those in Group III were bonded immediately after bleaching. The samples in Group IV and Group V were treated with antioxidants 10 % SA and propolis solution at the rate of 1ml/min for 10 min, respectively, before composite bonding. The samples were then sectioned mesiodistally into two halves. One half was subjected to MTBS testing using a Universal Testing Machine. The other half was decalcified, sectioned, stained, and viewed under an optical light microscope to assess the resin tag penetration. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using a one‑way analysis of variance followed by Post hoc test. Group III showed significantly lowerMTBS and resin tag penetration depth of composite compared to all other groups.Group V (propolis group) showed statistical significance with all groups except Group IV (SA group). Treatment with antioxidant propolis solution immediately following the bleaching will help to reverse the compromised bond strength which is comparable with sodium ascorbate.
2 tables, 21 ref
BANDEKAR S, AMIN A, KSHIRSAGAR S, VATHSALA N, VYAS C, SAYYAD A
001057 BANDEKAR S, AMIN A, KSHIRSAGAR S, VATHSALA N, VYAS C, SAYYAD A (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Yogita Dental Coll and Hospital, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, Email: aminaditi7@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Asphaline Temp, Triple antibiotic Paste and Ultracal XS against Enterococcus faecalis – An in vitro study. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 5-10.
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of asphaline temp, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and Ultracal Xs against Enterococcus faecalis – An in vitro study. A hundred and twenty freshly extracted, single‑rooted human permanent teeth were instrumented and autoclaved. Samples were inoculated with the pure culture of E. faecalis and incubated. After incubation, colony‑forming units (CFUs) were recorded before medication. Each group was further divided into three subgroups containing ten samples each for days – 1 day, 5 days, and 7 days. Group A – Asphaline Temp; Group B – TAP; Group C – Calcium hydroxide; and Group D – Normal saline (Control). The various time interval bacterial (CFU) within the group were compared by the Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey’s Post hoc test. Results: The greater antimicrobial effects were observed in the samples treated with Asphaline temp (P < 0.005). No statistical antimicrobial difference was found between Asphaline temp and TAP. Asphaline temp demonstrated significant antimicrobial effectiveness against E. faecalis.
1 table, 23 ref
LALL A G, SAHA S G, ALAGESHAN V, BANGA P
001056 LALL A G, SAHA S G, ALAGESHAN V, BANGA P (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Dental Science and Hospital Coll, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: gracylall@gmail.com) : A comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of reciproc blue, waveOne gold and 2shape nickel–titanium rotary files in different artificial canals. Endodontology 2021, 33(1), 1-5.
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of continuous rotation file systems (2Shape) and two reciprocating file systems (Reciproc Blue [RB] and WaveOne Gold [WOG]) in canals with different angulations. Materials and Method: Thirty files each of 2Shape (25, 0.06), RB R25 (25/0.08) and WOG Primary (25/0.07) were included in this study. All the instruments were used according to the manufacturers instructions in an endodontic fatigue testing block with three artificial grooves simulating root canals having angulations of 45 °, 60 °, and 90 °. The files were allowed to rotate in the grooves, until fracture occurred and the time to fracture was recorded in seconds using digital chronometer. The data were analyzed statistically using one‑way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test. The reciprocating file systems RB showed significantly higher CFR at all angles of curvature, i.e., 45 °, 60 °, and 90 ° (P < 0.05). Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, it may be concluded that RB tends to be more resistant to fracture in canals with a gentle curvature as well as may be more suited in canals with sharp and acute curvatures.
1 table, 29 ref
RASHIDI Z, KHOSRAVIZADEH Z, TALEBI A, KHODAMORADI K, EBRAHAMI R, AMIDI F
001003 RASHIDI Z, KHOSRAVIZADEH Z, TALEBI A, KHODAMORADI K, EBRAHAMI R, AMIDI F (Anatomy Dep, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran- 1417613151, Iran, Email: famidi@sina.tums.ac.ir ) : Overview of biological effects of Quercetin on ovary. Phytother Res 2021, 35(1), 33-49.
Over the last few decades, using natural products has been increased to treat different diseases. Today, great attention has been pointed toward the usage of natural products such as flavonoids, especially Quercetin (QUR), in the treatment of diseases.QUR as a natural antioxidant has been traditionally used to prevent or treat a varietyof diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), obesity, chronic inflammation, and reproductive system dysfunction. Several studies demonstrated that QUR acts as an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxi-dant, and anticancer agent. With this in view, in this study, we intended to describe an overview of the biological effects of QUR on the ovary. QUR improves the qualityof oocytes and embryos. It affects the proliferation and apoptosis and decreases the oxidative stress in granulosa cells (GCs). Furthermore, QUR can be used as a complementary and alternative therapy in ovarian cancer and it has beneficial effects in thetreatment of PCOS patients. It seems that QUR as a supplementary factor has differ-ent activities for the treatment of different disorders and it also has bidirectional activities. However, further investigations are needed for understanding the efficacy of QUR in the treatment and improvement of gynecological patients.
3 tables, 166 ref
ASBAGHI O, SADEGHIAN M, SADEGHI O, RIGI S, TAN S C, SHOKRI A, MOUSAVI S M
001002 ASBAGHI O, SADEGHIAN M, SADEGHI O, RIGI S, TAN S C, SHOKRI A, MOUSAVI S M (Community Nutrition Dep, Tehran Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran- 14155-6117, Iran, Email: smmousavi@razi.tums.ac.ir) : Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2021, 35(1), 20-32.
The effect of saffron supplementation on subclinical inflammation remains inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize availablefindings on the effect of saffron supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) in adults. We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to November 2019 using relevant keywords to identify eligible trials. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of oral saffron supplementation on plasma concentrations of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were included. For each outcome, mean differences and SDs were pooled using a random-effects model.Overall, eight RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that saffron supplementation did not result in significant changes in serum CRP(weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.43 mg/L; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: −1.04 to 0.17; p = .16), serum TNF-α (WMD: −1.29 pg/mL; 95 % CI: −4.13 to 1.55; p = .37),and IL-6 concentrations (WMD: 0.11 pg/mL; 95 % CI: −0.79 to 1.00; p = .81). Sub-group analysis indicated a significant reduction in serum CRP levels in studies withbaseline CRP of ≥3 mg/L, saffron dosage of ≤30 mg/day, and intervention durationof <12 weeks, as well as trials that used crocin. Similarly, saffron was found to decrease TNF-α in studies that recruited non-diabetic subjects, subjects with baseline levels of ≥15 pg/mL, and participants with <50 years old, as well as trials that admin-istered saffron at the dosage of ≤30 mg/day. We also found a significant non-linear effect of saffron dosage on serum CRP concentrations (pnon-linearity= .03). The overall results indicated that saffron supplementation did not affect inflammatory cytokines.Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of supplemental saffron on inflammatory biomarkers.
4 illus, 4 tables, 78 ref
SANTOS G, GASCA J, PARANA R, NUNES V, SCHINNONI M, MEDINA-CALIZ I, CABELLO M R, LUCEN M I, ANDRADE R J
001001 SANTOS G, GASCA J, PARANA R, NUNES V, SCHINNONI M, MEDINA-CALIZ I, CABELLO M R, LUCEN M I, ANDRADE R J (Pharmacology Dep, Malaga Univ, Malaga- 29071 , Spain, Email: lucena@uma.es) : Profile of herbal and dietary supplements induced liver injuryin Latin America: A systematic review of published reports. Phytother Res 2021, 35(1), 6-19.
Hepatotoxicity related to HDS is a growing global health issue. We have undertaken a systematic review of published case reports and case series from LA from 1976 to 2020 to describe the clinical features of HDS related hepatotoxicity in this region. We search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and specific LA databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Only HILI cases published in LA that met criteria for DILI definition were included. Duplicate records or reports that lacked relevant data that precluded establishing causality were excluded. Finally, 17 records (23 cases) were included in this review. Centella asiatica, Carthamus tinctorius, and Herbalife® were the most reported HDS culprit products, the main reason for HDS consumption was weight loss. The clinical characteristics of HDS hepatotoxicity in our study were compared to those of other studies in the USA, Europe and China showing a similar signature with predominance of young females, hepatocellular damage, a high rate of ALF and mortality, more frequent inadvertent rechallenge and chronic damage. This study underscores the challenge in causality assessment when multi-ingredients HDS are taken and the need for consistent publication practice when reporting hepatotoxicity cases due to HDS, to foster HDS liver safety particularly in LA.
1 illus, 3 tables, 83 ref
SHARMA A, SHUKLA S, QUASIM A, PATEL M K, KUMAR R, CHAURASIA O P, SAXENA S
003375 SHARMA A, SHUKLA S, QUASIM A, PATEL M K, KUMAR R, CHAURASIA O P, SAXENA S (Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Chandigarh - 160 022) : In vitro propagation, callus culture and phytochemical profiling of Manjishtha-A invaluable medicinal species of Leh-Ladakh. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 230 - 41.
Ladakh, a high altitudinal Indian state situated in trans-Himalayan region, is well known for its extreme ecosphere, rugged topography and scarce vegetation with peculiar ability to biosynthesize a number of phytochemicals. Rubia cordifolia L. is one of such herb known for its phytochemical enriched roots. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, a great emphasize has been given towards the exploration of health beneficial plants. Keeping this in view, in present study, an in vitro regeneration protocol has been developed using nodal and leaf explant followed by a comparative determination of phytochemical profile of in vitro grown leaves (RUML) and roots RUMR. MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 µM, each of BAP and KN was found optimum for production of maximum number of shoots (42.33 ± 1.43) from nodal explant and 8.33 ± 0.88 in leaf explant. Further, 99.67 ± 0.33 % rooting was achieved in 0.1 mg/l NAA supplemented MS media. GC-MS profiling of methanolic extract of RUML and RUMR revealed a total of 31 phytocompounds in both extracts with 8 compounds, commonly present in both extract describing the medical potential of both leaves as well as roots.
5 illus, 6 tables, 50 ref
SESHADRI V D
003365 SESHADRI V D (Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Univ, Saudi Arabia) : Identification of antibacterial phytochemicals in Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. and Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees for the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens: An in silico analysis. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 141 - 59.
The wide spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is one of the global challenges of the 21st Century. The indiscriminate use, overuse and the misuse of antibiotics are the major reasons for the high rates of microbial resistance. Medicinal plants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining human health, and the extensive investigations for compounds with potentials have been made in the past decades with a number of discoveries. The present study focuses on identification of novel antibacterial phytochemical compounds present Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. and Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees by in silico analysis. The compounds were retrieved from KNApSAck database Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and DNA gyrase subunit b were used as target proteins. Preliminarily, the compounds were subjected to druglikness analysis. Molecular docking and proteinligand interactions were performed to identify the compounds with higher binding energies (>-7 kcal/ mol). The selected compounds were examined for in silico ADMET analysis. Nearly, 20 phytochemical compounds were identified with higher binding energies and significant ADMET properties. These compounds can be used for development of novel antibacterial drug to overcome the multidrug resistance.
33 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref
YADAV M K, DWIVEDI J, UPADHYAY P K, VISHWAKARMA V K
003361 YADAV M K, DWIVEDI J, UPADHYAY P K, VISHWAKARMA V K (Pharmacology Dep, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi - 110 029) : The ceiling effect of curcumin and quercetin in combination on cyclophosphamide induced hepatotoxicity. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 108 - 13.
An alkylating agent named cyclophosphamide (CP) is an immunosuppressant used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and a variety of cancers. The combination of curcumin and quercetin was evaluated for antioxidant activity against the CP-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. A prophylactic treatment using combination of curcumin and quercetin is given at 80 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg (b.w.) of oral dose to the rats before administering single injection of CP at 200 mg/kg intra-peritoneally (i.p.). The effects of curcumin and quercetin combination on CP-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated using oxidative stress, serum liver toxicity markers, and histopathology of liver tissue examination. A single dose of CP administered i.p. and enhances the malondialdehyde level whereas reduces the glutathione content in the rat. The administration of curcumin and quercetin at specific doses could cause substantial reduction in the levels in plasma concentration. Therefore, the action of antioxidant enzymes restores. The marker enzymes producing serum toxicity like SGPT, SGOT, serum alkaline phosphatase level increased after CP treatment which was considerably decreased in curcumin and quercetin pretreated groups. Present findings suggest that curcumin and quercetin combination has prominent role against CPinduced liver injury.
1 illus, 6 tables, 23 ref
SINGIRIKONDA S, DAS K, BHATTACHARYYA S, KHAN M S, SINGH S
003360 SINGIRIKONDA S, DAS K, BHATTACHARYYA S, KHAN M S, SINGH S (Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Dep, Krupanidhi Coll of Pharmacy, Bangalore - 560 035, Karnataka) : Effect of solvents on metallic and phenolics content in buttercup tree bark vis-avis in relation to anthelmintic activity. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 96 - 107.
The aim of the present study to evaluate metal ion content and total phenolics in various extracts of Cochlospermum religiosum (CR) Alston using two different solvents. The CR is commonly known as Buttercup tree belongs to the family Bixaceae, having many branches. In the present study, ethylacetate, methanol and aqueous solvents are used for the extraction using microwave oven method. All the extracts are tested preliminary for the presence of phytochemicals, followed by TLC for identification. Furthermore, HPLC results estimated the gallic acid content is higher in methanol CR bark extract. The result revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and steroidal compounds in aqueous and methanol extracts whereas protein, lipids, and steroids are present in ethyl acetate extract. Content of metal ions (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, As, Hg, Pb, Cd) are determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and revealed the presence of higher amount of Zn (19.13 mg/g) with lower amount of Mn (0.06 mg/g) in methanol extract. Other heavy metals are present in negligible quantities. Furthermore, total phenolic content was higher in methanol extract (28.23 %) extracted for 10 min than other two extracts. Finally, in vitro anthelmintic activity of extracts was evaluated using reference to standard Albendazole and it showed significant results in concentration dependent manner against Pheretima posthuma, as test worm. The higher result was obtained with methanolic bark extract followed by aqueous extract (extracted with microwave oven for 10 min with 80oC) and the result was due to presence of polyphenolic compound especially gallic acid (0.38 g), and also showed a positive correlation with yield and metal ion content.
7 illus, 9 tables, 42 ref
MOHIDEEN A P
003359 MOHIDEEN A P (Basic Medical Sciences Dep, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Univ, Saudi Arabia) : In silico identification of novel immunostimulating phytochemicals with acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity from Piper betle L. and Vitex negundo L. for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 86 - 95.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and a worsening neurodegenerative disease. Drugs for AD has severe side effects and the development of new anti-AD medicines are in high demand. The use of medicinal herbs and plants in the treatment of a variety of diseases has become increasingly common in recent years. Thus, the present study focuses on identification of novel phytochemical compounds from Piper betle L. and Vitex negundo L. showing anti-AD by in silico analysis. Human acetylcholinesterase is used as the target enzyme. The compounds were preliminarily screened for druglikeness analysis (RO5). Molecular docking, protein-ligand interaction and ADMET analysis were carried out to identify the potential compounds. Total of 42 compounds were identified and 34 compounds showed druglikeness properties. About 22 compounds showed higher binding energies, i.e., >-7 Kcal/mol and these compounds were analysed for interactions on binding sites of AChE. ADMET analysis was performed and compared with a standard drug rivastigmine. Total of 20 novel compounds, Piperine in P. betle, beta-Sitosterol, beta-Caryophyllene, Acerosin, Casticin, Mearnsetin, 5,3'- Dihydroxy-6,7,4'-trimethoxyflavanone, 5,3'-Dihydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxyflavanone, Detetrahydroconidendrin, Negundin A, Negundin B, Vitrofolal E, Vitrofolal F, Vitedoamine A, Vitedoin A, Vitedoin B, Vitexdoin A, Vitexdoin B, Vitexdoin C, Vitexdoin D and Vitexdoin E present in Vitex negundo were identified to be the effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. These compounds have potential to be developed as anti-AD drugs with higher efficacy and lesser side effects.
24 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref
RUGVEDI P, SRIDHAR K, SASIBHUSHAN V, RAI R K, SASTRY J L N
003357 RUGVEDI P, SRIDHAR K, SASIBHUSHAN V, RAI R K, SASTRY J L N (Pragati Biopharma Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad - 500 028, Telangana State) : A randomized, comparative, open clinical trial for evaluating the efficacy of poly herbal suspension (JLN/PP/108) in comparison with conventional antacid gel in the management of functional dyspepsia and reflux oesophagitis. Ann Phy 2021, Vol 10 (1), 74 - 7.
Management of gastrointestinal reflux disorder and non-ulcer dyspepsia in Ayurveda is based on rich heritage of medical expertise using herbs and lifestyle changes. Multiple medicinal benefits in each herb make an Ayurvedic formulation, a comprehensive medicine in interrelated medical conditions. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of polyherbal suspension JLN/PP/108 in the management of functional dyspepsia (non-ulcer dyspepsia-NUD) and reflux esophagitis (gastroesophageal reflux disorder-GERD) in comparison to marketed antacid suspension. JLN/PP/108 has godhumakshara, shatavari and putiha as active ingredients. Study was conducted in randomized controlled prospective open label design. Subjects (n = 60) were divided into 2 groups as per the inclusion criteria of NUD and GERD having 20 subjects and 10 subjects of NUD and GERD in each group, respectively. 10 subjects with positive endoscopy findings were present for each indication. Likert scale, glasgow dyspepsia severity score (GDSS) and Hong Kong index were used for clinical evaluation. Assessment was done at week 1 and week 2 of treatment and 2 weeks post treatment. JLN/ PP/108 and marketed antacid suspensions showed comparable effect in reducing the symptoms of dyspepsia. However, JLN/PP/108 scored over marketed antacid in terms of percentage reduction as well as over the symptom severity. JLN/PP/108 performed better than marketed antacid on Likert scale score and on GDSS and Hong Kong index scores as well. The product JLN/PP/108 was found to be statistically similar and therapeutically superior to marketed formulation and effective in the management of functional dyspepsia and reflux oesophagitis.
4 illus, 1 table, 15 ref
AMRUTANAND S T, ANNEGOWDA H V, DAS K
003355 AMRUTANAND S T, ANNEGOWDA H V, DAS K (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, Krupanidhi Coll of Pharmacy, Bangalore - 560 035, KA) : Influence of pre and post-harvest technologies in effective yield, yield attributes and quality enhancement of medicinal and aromatic plants for healthy life. Ann Phy 2021, Vol 10 (1), 45 - 61.
It is affirm that a tremendous surge in wide acceptance and public interest in healthcare management with the natural herbals worldwide. The use of herbal medicines with its different forms continues to expand expeditiously along with the strong economic benefits across the globe. Despite their widespread versatile applications, the availability of the raw materials as well as finished herbal products is varied with the quality and hence, the variation observed in the quality. This disparity in the quality of herbal preparations is due to the complicated management of production with regard to the quality of basic raw plant materials. Again, the main sources of raw materials of plant species are from the forest zone of different climatic conditions. Therefore, domestication of the wild sources plant through proper systemic cultivation is essential. Good agricultural practise, processing, pre and post-harvesting practises have been highlighted in recent times as a significant tool for ensuring the protection and quality of medicinal and aromatic plants and their products for economic growth. The present article reviewed with the focus of various problems, developments strategies concern for the pre and post-harvesting technologies, drying techniques, storage of raw materials, and various modern extraction technologies of the medicinal and aromatic plant resources to provide sustainable quality herbal products with increase recovery of plant secondary metabolites.
3 illus, 4 tables, 63 ref
DAS P, LIKHITHA C, NAYAK A, ALUR A, PRABHU P P
003353 DAS P, LIKHITHA C, NAYAK A, ALUR A, PRABHU P P (Pharmacy Dep, Krupanidhi Coll of Pharmacy, Bangalore - 560 035, Karnataka) : Fundamental of a comparative treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: A brief review. Ann Phy 2021, Vol 10 (1), 23 - 32.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease, a long term condition and affects 1-3 % of population worldwide that causes severe pain, inflamed bone erosion, unsteadiness, stiffness in the joints and deformity. It gradually deteriorates over the course of many years. The exact causes of RA are still unknown but genes, environmental factor, hormone, obesity, smoking; age may be involved in autoimmune development and progression. Pathophysiology of RA is usually due to synovial membrane inflammation, chemokine involvement leading to swollen joints. In the early hours, diagnosis and management can help to prevent damage to the joints. To understand the recent advances in physiology of RA, several biologics DMARDS include TNF-inhibitor, anti-CD20 antibody, IL-6 receptor antibody are implemented in current therapies and these advances are based on disease modifying therapy that includes with a goal where drug should reach targeted site and focused on pain relieving. Therapies are normally personalized with patients need including their general well-being. This review provides a modern appraisal from current literature on different RA treatment regimes.
1 illus, 2 tables, 99 ref
SHEEBA A, REETHA T L, ILAVARASAN S, JYOTHIPRIYA R
003337 SHEEBA A, REETHA T L, ILAVARASAN S, JYOTHIPRIYA R (Regional Research and Educational Centre, Pudukkottai, T.N) : Body measurement of ramnad white sheep reared in farming conditions. Asian Jr of Microbiol Biotech Env Sc 2021, Vol 23 (2), 231 - 2.
Ramnad White is a medium sized and hardy mutton type sheep. The body colour is predominantly milky white with black colour in the extremities. Males have thick curling horns and females are polled. The data on body measurements of Ramnad White sheep maintained at TANUVAS, regional Research and Educational Centre, Pudukottai were analysed. The least squares means for Height at withers, body length, heart girth, ear length and tail length were 71.02±0.37 kg, 62±0.38, 77.04±0.40, 11.05±0.11, 7.08±0.10 in males and 66.80±0.31 kg, 57.12±0.21, 72.24±0.19, 10.12±0.25, 6.12±0.13 respectively in females.
1 table, 6 ref
CHAUHAN N, FAROOQ U
003325 CHAUHAN N, FAROOQ U (Shoolini Univ of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan - 173 212, Himachal Pradesh) : Multidrug resistance: A challenge in typhoid treatment. Asian Jr of Microbiol Biotech Env Sc 2021, Vol 23 (2), 163 - 74.
Salmonella typhi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of Salmonella serovar that causes typhoid fever in humans (the only known natural hosts and reservoir of infection). Typhoid is one of the major emerging public health problems in developing countries. S. typhi is a motile, non-capsulated, nonsporulating, Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus, having characteristic flagellar, somatic, and outer coat antigens that are susceptible to various antibiotics. Typhoid fever is a systemic disease and without taking care, the illness may last for three to four weeks or death can be possible. Although, the global burden of typhoid fever has reduced, emergence of multidrug resistant S. typhi (MDRST) is still a threat to public health. Currently, 107 strains of this organism have been isolated carrying variable metabolic characteristics, levels of virulence, and multi-drug resistance genes that make the treatment more complicated in the drug resistant regions. The best diagnosis can be attained including cultural characterization on MacConkey and S-S agar, XLD agars, and the bacterium is strictly non-lactose fermenting. The bacteria can be distinguished by no gas production from other Enterobacteriaceae by growing in Triple Sugar Iron agar. Despite the discovery of newer antibacterial drugs, enteric fever has continued to be a major health problem. S. typhi developed resistance to several antibiotics like ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and co-trimoxazole, besides ciprofloxacin is at the developing resistance stage. The emergence of multidrug resistance had made the treatment and management of enteric fever complicated. This has now become the one of the greatest challenges in the treatment and management of this disease.
6 illus, 1 table, 57 ref
ZMORROD N, HAKAWATI N, AMER R A, YUSEF H H
003303 ZMORROD N, HAKAWATI N, AMER R A, YUSEF H H (Beirut Arab Univ, Beirut, Lebanon) : Biosorption of Pb (II) AND Cd (II) by halomonas SP. Asian Jr of Microbiol Biotech Env Sc 2021, Vol 23 (1), 13 - 5.
As they can act as intermediate hosts to various parasitic species, snails have a particular veterinary importance. The study was conducted to investigate the histopathological effects of Parapleuro lophocercous larval stages on the digestive glands of M. tuberculata. Snails infected with Parapleuro lophocercous cercaria were collected, and infected digestive glands were isolated and prepared for histological preparation. Histopathological observation in infected snail tissues showed considerable damage to the digestive gland such as lyses necrosis, enlargement of the epithelial layer and separation of connective tissue. The severity of any histopathological damage depends on the type of larval stages and degree of infection.
20 ref
SUSETIATI D A, AMELIA J, PUDJIATI S R
003302 SUSETIATI D A, AMELIA J, PUDJIATI S R (Dermatology and Venereology Dep, Gadjah Mada Univ, Yogyakarta, Indonesia) : Knowledge and attitude of sexually transmitted diseases among male indonesian adolescents: Senior high school vs Islamic boarding school students. Asian Jr of Microbiol Biotech Env Sc 2021, Vol 23 (1), 8 - 12.
Adolescence is a period that is prone to Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). In Indonesia, students can choose to study in a senior high school or in an Islamic boarding school. Students in the Islamic boarding school are restricted to use cellular phone that can cause difficulties in getting the information related to STDs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences between senior high school students and Islamic boarding school students regarding their knowledge and attitude towards STDs. This is a descriptive study with data collected by an assisted questionnaire. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the association between categorical variables. A total of 102 male students aged 14-17 years old were included in this study. A good knowledge of STDs was seen in all senior high school students compared to 60.5% in Islamic boarding school students. Almost all students (93%) on both groups have a positive attitude towards STDs. In conclusion, senior high school students have better knowledge than Islamic boarding school students, but no significant difference was found in their attitude towards STDs.
3 tables, 10 ref
HOSSAIN M M, ASHRAFUZZAMAN M, JAHAN I, NAHER N, HAQUE M, LUGOVA H
003228 HOSSAIN M M, ASHRAFUZZAMAN M, JAHAN I, NAHER N, HAQUE M, LUGOVA H (Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Malaysia, Email: runurono@gmail.com) : Interdigital palmar dermatoglyphics patterns of Bangladeshi down syndrome patient. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 128 - 34.
Dermatoglyphics study the ridged skin patterns of the palms, fingers, soles and toes. They remain unchanged throughout life and are unique for the individual. Hereditary factors determine the size, relative position and type of pattern formed by the dermal ridges in the palm’s interdigital areas. The present study was conducted to evaluate the interdigital association pattern of palmar dermatoglyphics among the Down syndrome patient. The cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chattogram from January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 200 participants were included by convenient sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. One hundred Down syndrome patients were recruited in the study group from different Down syndrome society organizations in Bangladesh. One hundred other medical science and dental background students studying at CMC were selected as control irrespective of sex. Dermatoglyphics print was taken by the ink and paper method. The detailed dermatoglyphic analysis was done by using a magnifying glass, calculator and scale. Data were analysed for statistical significance by Chi-square test wherever applicable, by using a computer-based program SPSS-23 and MS Excel. P value was considered significant if it was <0.05 at a 95 % level of confidence. The interdigital pattern frequencies showed that the third interdigital loops of Down’s syndrome were found in 78% of the right hands and 78 % of the left hands (P < 0.001). The corresponding figures were 47 % and 42 % of the controls, respectively (P < 0.001). It is revealed that there are significant differences in the interdigital pattern between Down syndrome patients and the control group.
3 illus, 3 tables, 41 ref
SHAH D S, VAISHNAV K, PATEL P, JOSHI R, SHARMA K, PATEL Z
003227 SHAH D S, VAISHNAV K, PATEL P, JOSHI R, SHARMA K, PATEL Z (Prosthodontics Dep, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Ahmedabad ? 380 061, Gujarat, Email: drkhushboo612@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of the lateral throat form and the border extension of mandibular complete denture in the distolingual region in Gandhinagar District: An In vivo Study. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 123 - 7.
Lateral throat form plays an important role in the success of lower complete denture as it affects its retention and stability. The length and thickness of lower dentures should be properly established in this region. Aim of this study is to evaluate the difference in the extension of lateral throat form between the patient’s mouth and lower dentures. The lateral throat form was classified according to Neil’s classification into Class I, Class II and Class III. The length of the lateral throat form was measured in the patient’s mouth and in lower dentures with the help of UNC periodontal probe, and a comparison was made between them. Among all the patients in this study, Neil’s Class I lateral throat form was 53 %, Class II was 37 % and Class III was 10 %. The average variation between the extent of lateral throat form intraorally and in lower denture at the anterior edge of the retromolar pad was 1.7 ± 1.75 mm in the right side and 2.5 ± 2.00 mm in the left side, whereas at the posterior edge of retromolar pad, it was 2.23 ± 1.92 mm in the right side and 3.06 ± 2.25 mm in the left side. The proportion of Neil’s Class I was the highest followed by Class II and Class III was the lowest. The difference between the length of lateral throat form in the patient’s mouth and in lower denture was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
3 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref
DIGUMARTHI U K, PRAKASH R, RAJASIGAMANI K
003226 DIGUMARTHI U K, PRAKASH R, RAJASIGAMANI K (Orthodontics Dep, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Visakhapatnam - 531 162, Andhra Pradesh, Email: drsaiuday@gmail.com) : The prevalence of malocclusion in the tribal populations of the parvathipuram revenue division of vizianagaram District in Andhra Pradesh and their perceived orthodontic treatments needs. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 118 - 22.
Endogamous tribal cultures often have certain preserved clinical phenotypes that serve almost like a window to the past. Culturally sequestered populations often share certain habits and viewpoints including those related to preferences and aesthetics. The present study aims to throw light on the perception of aesthetics as based on the most prevalent form of malocclusion in a tribal population. Of the 819 adolescents screened in the age group of 13–19 years, 63 % (516) were boys and 37 % (303) were girls. The evaluated occlusion of the students was categorised into four groups as ideal occlusion and the three categories of Angle’s malocclusion (Class I, II and III). A simple set of questions were posed to elicit awareness of orthodontic treatment and perceived treatment needs. All results were tabulated for further analysis. Analysis of the tabulated findings revealed a percentage distribution as follows. About 7% had ideal occlusion and 93 % (762) had malocclusion categorised as 72 % with Angle’s Class I, 26 % with Angle’s Class II and 2 % with Angle’s Class III. A Chi‑square test of independence showed that there was no significant association between gender and the prevalence of malocclusion, χ2 (2, n = 762) = 2.5, P = 0.28. Questions posed to elicit awareness of orthodontic treatment and perceived treatment needs revealed that while 77% of the individuals screened were aware of orthodontic treatment, only 7 % of those questioned felt they had a perceived need for treatment. Aesthetic perception including a perceived need for orthodontic treatment in a population might be strongly influenced not only by the viewpoint of peers but also by what is considered to be normal to the majority.
3 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref
VIRANI R, PAREKH V, GUPTA M S, THAKOR D, CHAVDA P
003225 VIRANI R, PAREKH V, GUPTA M S, THAKOR D, CHAVDA P (Karnavati School of Dentistry, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Email: rinkalvirani95@gmail.com) : Assessing the practice protocol of dental practitioners during COVID 19 pandemic: A questionnaire study. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 113 - 7.
The current COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious issue for the health-care professionals including dental practitioners. A total of 100 subjects were selected for the study. An online questionnaire using Google Forms was used to collect the data regarding the dentist’s knowledge, perceptions and infection control in dental clinics and if they were affected by COVID-19. Data were analysed using software. Out of 100 participants, 61 % of them were male with a mean age of 35.21 years. More than 50 % of practitioners took 10–20 min for completion of their procedure. 66 % used all the personal protective equipment (PPE) with 64 % of them using an N95 mask and around 90% used the PPE kit. Amongst the study group, it was found that 3 % were affected by COVID‑19, who were between 27 and 33 years. All of them used PPE kit with 67 % using N95 mask and 33% used half respirator. 67 % amongst them used high-speed handpiece and performed aerosol-producing procedures in a well-ventilated atmosphere with air conditioners. The findings of the study showed that the maximum number of practitioners did follow the clinical protection protocol and when all protocol was followed, the number of dental practitioners affected by COVID‑19 was not statistically significant.
2 tables, 17 ref
ABDULLAH S L B, ABDULLAH A, HAQUE M
003224 ABDULLAH S L B, ABDULLAH A, HAQUE M (Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Malaysia, Email: runurono@gmail.com) : Initial 10 days into COVID 19 movement control order of Malaysia: How well did we fare?. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 106 - 12.
This study aims to measure the level of psychological distress amongst stranded university students due to movement control order (MCO) lockdown in the early stage of a pandemic outbreak. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted to obtain prevalence information on perceived depression, anxiety, and stress amongst stranded varsity students in the first 10 days of Malaysia’s nationwide lockdown. Information on depression, anxiety and stress was compiled using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Fifty-eight stranded varsity students participated in this survey. The period of research was between the first 2 weeks of the initial MCO enforcement in Malaysia. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the collected data. 14 %, 22 % and 10% of the 58 stranded students reported moderate to too severe levels of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. During this period, the most frequently utilised communication mode with family and loved ones was through phone calls, followed by WhatsApp calls and Facetime. Writing letters and telegram are the least used mode of communication amongst the respondents. Worrying about ‘family safety’ topped the list as a source of worry that was rated by 88 % of the respondents, followed by ‘interaction with others’ and ‘own safety’. Approximately 16 % rated ‘food and beverage’ as a source of stress for them in the first 2 weeks of the lockdown. The government and varsities’ coordinated initiatives and measures such as food aid and disseminating essential information by dedicated spokespeople may have softened the negative impact of a pandemic, isolation and uncertain situations on the stranded mental health students.
9 tables, 17 ref
SEFAH I A, KORDORWU H E, ESSAH D O, KURDI A, GODMAN B
003223 SEFAH I A, KORDORWU H E, ESSAH D O, KURDI A, GODMAN B (Strathclyde Univ, UK., Email: brian.godman@strath.ac.uk) : Prevalence rate of spontaneously reported adverse events and determinants of serious adverse events amongst three outpatient care settings in ghana: Findings and implications. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 97 - 105.
Most evidence of adverse drug events (ADEs) comes from hospitals as the risks associated with hospital care are higher. However, underreporting of ADEs is a critical problem in all healthcare settings. This is important in sub-Saharan African countries including Ghana with limited resources and a high prevalence of both infectious and non-infectious diseases. Consequently, this study sought to determine the annual prevalence of spontaneously reported ADEs using 6-year reports and factors associated with the occurrence of serious ADEs amongst outpatient care settings in hospitals in Ghana to provide future guidance. This is a cross-sectional study using duplicates of the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority adverse event forms retrieved from three outpatient care settings submitting their reports to the National Pharmacovigilance Centre in Ghana between 2013 and 2018. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Overall, 93 spontaneously reported cases of ADEs were identified during the study period. The annual prevalence rate was 192 reports/1000,000 population amongst our study population, and the rate of serious ADE was 35.48% (95% confidence interval: 25.83%–46.09%). Serious ADEs were associated with the type of indication for which the drug was prescribed (P = 0.048), the duration of the ADE (P = 0.047) and the need to administer treatment for the ADE at the reporting facility (P = 0.017). Early spontaneous reporting of ADEs at outpatient settings is essential. Patient and provider education and awareness of potential ADEs must be intensified for early identification and reporting.
3 tables, 59 ref
KABIR R, HARISH H, ALRADIE-MOHAMED A, AFEWORK S, MOHAMMADNEZHAD M, ARAFAT S Y
003222 KABIR R, HARISH H, ALRADIE-MOHAMED A, AFEWORK S, MOHAMMADNEZHAD M, ARAFAT S Y (Anglia Ruskin Univ, Essex, UK, Email: russell.kabir@aru.ac.uk) : Experience of intimate partner violence of women at reproductive age group in India and their decision making power. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 89 - 96.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global public health issue, and at least 30% of women have exposed to some form of IPV in their lifetime. It was aimed to examine the association between IPV and women’s decision-making power in India from the data provided by the National Family Health Survey‑4 (NFHS‑4) 2015–2016. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study where data were collected from the NFHS‑4 2015–2016 of India. A total of 670,615 women aged between 15 to 49 years completed the interviews (196,987 women participated from urban areas and 470,578 women from rural areas and 3050 women were from slums). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 24. The mean age of the respondents was 29.83 (±9.76) years, 35.4% of women belong to 15–24 years of age category, 70.7% of respondents are from the rural area, 28% of women have no education, only 23.4% of women were employed and about 45.9% of women are using mobile phones. The findings show that place of residence, educational status, employment status, possession of mobile phones, age, knowledge of loans programme and husband/partner age, husband/partner educational level and consumption of alcohol are significantly associated with decision making power of women (P < 0.001). The abused women might attempt to respond to the abuse by trying to control other aspects of her life and making decisions alone without their spouse. This research indicated important factors responsible for decision-making amongst the reproductive women in India.
6 tables, 26 ref
SHAH S N, PATEL U, PATEL F, CHAUHAN G, SHAH V, SRIVASTAVA H
003220 SHAH S N, PATEL U, PATEL F, CHAUHAN G, SHAH V, SRIVASTAVA H (Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology Dep, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Univ, Vadodara - 391 760, Gujarat, Email: vrajdent@gmail.com) : Prevalence of oral anomalies in schoolchildren between the age group of 5 and 14 years of Vadodara District. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 79 - 83.
Anomalies of the oral and dental structures can be isolated or represent a manifestation of a general disorder or a syndrome. Oral anomalies may lead to functional and aesthetic disorders, and their recognition contributes to early diagnosis and treatment planning. Hence, their recognition is of great significance for a timely and accurate diagnosis. Hence, the present study aimed to know the prevalence of oral anomalies in school-going children. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of oral anomalies in schoolchildren between the age group of 5 and 14 years located in Vadodara city. The study was comprised of 7533 schoolchildren (male – 4211 and female – 3322) aged between 5 years and 14 years. All of the study participants underwent an oral screening examination for oral health and developmental anomalies. Out of 7533 children, 65 (42 – male and 22 – female) had oral anomalies, with a prevalence of 0.86%. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth and fusion was 0.37% and 0.07%, respectively. Ankyloglossia showed an equal frequency in both sexes, with a prevalence value of 0.02%. The prevalence value of 0.10% and 0.06% was noted in talon’s cusp and cleft lip and palate, respectively. With 0.03% prevalence, microdontia showed an equal sex predilection. With a prevalence value of 0.01%, the least common anomalies found here were geographic tongue, microdontia and temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Oral anomalies occur with different frequencies in many countries of the world amongst different ethnic or regional groups. Early identification of these anomalies is noteworthy in planning comprehensive management of the young child.
7 tables, 37 ref
ONIGBINDE O O, OLAJUGBA G O, OYAPERO A
003219 ONIGBINDE O O, OLAJUGBA G O, OYAPERO A (Preventive Dentistry Dep, Lagos State Univ Coll of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria, Email: bunmi.onigbinde@gmail.com) : Dietary pattern, oral hygiene and self reported gingival bleeding in pregnant women in Lagos State. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 73 - 8.
The aim was to investigate the association between lifestyle factors (food intake, sugary snacks consumption and oral health practices) and gingival bleeding during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the maternity clinics of three general hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. It included 216 Nigerian pregnant women selected using a convenience sample. Information was collected concerning participants’ background, oral hygiene practices, dental visits, dietary habits and knowledge of nutrition during pregnancy using questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The results showed that the frequency of self-reported gingivitis amongst pregnant females was 27.1%. The nutritional knowledge of the pregnant women was good (88.6%). The relationship between nutritional knowledge, education and dietary habits showed a statistically significant association (P > 0.05). There was no significant effect of the sociodemographic status on the self-reported gingival health of the pregnant females observed in this study. Pregnant mothers in this study have satisfactory knowledge on adequate nutrition in pregnancy. With regard to nutritional status, the result suggests that pregnant women practiced good nutrition such as consuming foods, across and within the various food groups. In this study, oral hygiene practice and food intake during pregnancy were not associated with self‑reported gingival bleeding. Our findings buttress the importance of optimal nutrition during pregnancy.
4 tables, 44 ref
AHIRWAR A, BHARGAVA A, GUPTA N N
003215 AHIRWAR A, BHARGAVA A, GUPTA N N (Dentistry Dep, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: anujbhargava23@gmail.com) : Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in endodontic patients: A cross sectional study. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 44 - 9.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) in patients-seeking endodontic treatment at a tertiary care center. This retrospective, institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 on 300 study participants between 30 and 70 years of age, using the data obtained from the records of patients who had no known history of HTN and DM and who were clinically advised to undergo endodontic treatment. Fasting blood sugar level and blood pressure were recorded for each study participant. Clinical data parameters were analysed, and the Chi-square statistical test was applied. Out of 300 patients, 19.3% (58 patients) were diagnosed with DM and 17.7% (53 patients) were diagnosed with HTN. Statistically, a high significant difference was found in the prevalence of DM and HTN among endodontic patients according to age with the highest prevalence demonstrated in the age group of 61–70 years. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of both diseases according to gender. Within the limitations of our study, it may be concluded that the estimated prevalence of DM and HTN in this study points as a risk indicator, especially in older age group population undergoing endodontic treatment. It is thus, advised that a clinical protocol of prior referral to a family physician for detailed pre-operative clinicopathological screening and systemic evaluation before performing any endodontic treatment be devised for all age groups to avoid medical complications and/or modifications if any, that may be required in endodontic treatment of undiagnosed DM and HTN patients.
2 illus, 5 tables, 27 ref
SOLTANI S, ZAKERI A, REZAYAT S A, KARIMI M R, ANBAJI F Z, TABIBZADEH A, ZEBARDAST A, ZAKERI A M, ASHTAR NAKHAEI M, AFZALI S, @etc
003214 SOLTANI S, ZAKERI A, REZAYAT S A, KARIMI M R, ANBAJI F Z, TABIBZADEH A, ZEBARDAST A, ZAKERI A M, ASHTAR NAKHAEI M, AFZALI S, @etc (Hormozgan Univ of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, Email: abbasfarahani25@yahoo.com) : A systematic literature review on COVID 19, clinical manifestation, laboratory and radiologic features. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 26 - 43.
Novel coronavirus outbreak in December 2019 leads to current pandemic condition worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‑2 known as the aetiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). The major characterisation of COVID‑19 is to involve lung and induce pneumonia, multiorgan failure, hypoxia and deat h. This systematic literature review aimed to assess the clinical manifestation and laboratory and radiologic features in patients with COVID‐19. A literature review of the indexed articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Embase was performed to evaluate pathophysiology of COVID‑19. Between 77,406 assessed COVID‑19 patients, the most reported background diseases were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. After fever, cough was the second most common repeated clinical feature. Furthermore, the laboratory investigations reveal that the C-reactive protein (CRP) increasing is the most common frequent laboratory finding. Chest imaging assessment indicates that bilateral involvement of the lungs is more common than unilateral involvement. Despite the fact that some of the COVID-19-infected patients are asymptomatic, the majority of patients showed a broad range of manifestation. The clinical findings help in better understanding of COVID‑19 pathogenesis and patient’s management. The primary concept of understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology is necessary for reach to target therapeutics approach. According to the results, further in vivo investigations on animal models could be recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in future.
1 illus, 1 table, 139 ref
Asgarian A, Mahjour P, Heidari H, Khademi N, Ghassami K, Mohammadbeigi A
003213 Asgarian A, Mahjour P, Heidari H, Khademi N, Ghassami K, Mohammadbeigi A (Qom Univ of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Email: beigi60@gmail.com) : Barriers and facilities in reporting medical errors: A systematic review study. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 17 - 25.
The medical error report is known as the basis for patient safety measures. To increase the frequency of error reporting, it is important to identify selection barriers and remove them over time. We aimed to review the barriers and facilities of medical errors reporting. A systematic review was conducted on the English and Persian documents published throughout a 10‑year period (2010–2020) in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google scholar databases. All documents were assessed for eligibility by titles or abstracts according to the search strategy. The screening process was conducted by two independent authors. The selected articles were checked regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total, 231 relevant studies were searched in 2010–2020, and after evaluating the full text of the article, 28 full‑text articles were opted in accordance with the eligibility criteria, and finally, 22 full‑text articles were reviewed systematically. According to the studies that were analysed, the most common obstacle was the reporting fear of individual and legal charges among health-care personnel. The majority of clinical staff suggested using anonymous reporting systems, modifying the ‘blame’ culture and the unsuitable behaviour of managers to prevent reporting barriers. Based on the up-to-date information on barriers to medical error reporting by the staff, suggestions are made to address the barriers. Efforts to create an effective reporting system will be appropriate for patient care. Furthermore, the correct behaviour of managers will be very effective in dealing with employees’ errors and training.
1 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref