ABDULRAHMAN R F, ABDULLAH M A, KAREEM K H, NAJEEB Z D, HAMEED H M
047346 ABDULRAHMAN R F, ABDULLAH M A, KAREEM K H, NAJEEB Z D, HAMEED H M (Pathology and Microbiology Dep, Univ of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Email: rezheen_fatah@uod.ac) : Histopathological and molecular studies on caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats in Duhok City, Iraq . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 134 - 40.
Caseous lymphadenitis is an infectious bacterial disease of sheep and goats caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. This study is aimed to estimate the frequency of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats and to compare with the results of bacteriological analysis, histopathology and molecular diagnosis of suspected cases. In this study, 22 (2.1%) suspected cases of caseous lymphadenitis were diagnosed clinically from 1090 sheep and goats slaughtered at Duhok abattoir. The study showed grossly affected mediastinal lymph node was congested and highly oedematous compared to other lymph nodes. Histopathological examination showed presence of abscess in the centre of affected mediastinal lymph node. Based on standard bacteriological methods, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was the only causative agent isolated from all suspected cases. The confirmation was performed by amplification of the target genes of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis including 16S rRNA, rpoB and pld. The results showed successful amplification of 16S rRNA, rpoB and pld among all suspected cases. Overall, the results of this study showed that the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is still the main causative agent of CLA in sheep and goats. The results also revealed molecular and histopathological studies together could be used to identify Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis directly from cases of CLA from sheep and goats. Further studies including study of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility together with phylogenetic analyses are recommended to be done in the future for better understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen in Duhok city.
3 illus, 1 table, 28 ref
MIDDAY M, GHOSH J, PRADHAN D K, MAITY D
047345 MIDDAY M, GHOSH J, PRADHAN D K, MAITY D (Botany Dep, Univ of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 019, West Bengal, Email: debmaity@yahoo.com) : Folk - medicinal uses of allium sikkimense baker (alliaceae) in Sikkim Himalaya . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 217 - 20.
Allium sikkimense Baker(Alliaceae), wild garlic is used as a substitute of commercial garlic (Allium sativum L.) by the Lachenpa community of Thangu - Lachen regions of North Sikkim. Traditionally, it is used in treatment of common cold and cough, diarrhoea, gastritis, in breathing problem, to cure body pain and to keep body warm in severe cold. The traditional as well as non - conventional uses of this species are reported here. The exploitation of this species through bioprospecting for sustainable development is recommended. Conservation measures to save this rare Allium in its natural habitat are highlighted.
1 illus, 24 ref
MATIAS F BR, PASTORANO J H, SALINAS M B S
047344 MATIAS F BR, PASTORANO J H, SALINAS M B S (Central Luzon State Univ, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Email: fbrmatias@clsu.edu.ph) : Fecal bacteria crude extracts from philippine native chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) show antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 210 - 6.
Generally, the study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of fecal bacteria isolated from Philippine native chicken against Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, this study measured the antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts from fecal bacteria cultured at different time intervals, and compared with selected antimicrobials against S. aureus. A loopful of isolated fecal bacteria was cultured in nutrient broth at different time intervals (6, 12, 18, and 24 h). After each time interval, the broth culture was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 15 min and the cell - free supernatant (crude extract) was collected. Sterile filter paper discs were impregnated with a total of 30 ?l crude extracts and placed on spread plate culture of S. aureus on Mueller - Hinton (MH) agar, including selected antimicrobials discs (2 ?g clindamycin, 5 ?g enrofloxacin, and 10 ?g penicillin V), then incubated at 37 ?C for 18 to 24 h. The zones of inhibition were measured using a Vernier caliper and compared. The crude extracts of fecal bacteria from different breeds of Philippine native chicken have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus as shown by various sizes of zone of inhibition. The Banaba breed had the greatest number of isolates with zone of inhibition. The crude extracts that produced zone of inhibition were significantly higher compared to selected antimicrobials - clindamycin and penicillin V, but significantly lower compared to enrofloxacin.
2 illus, 1 table, 37 ref
SURESH K P, PATIL S, INDRABALAN U B, SRIDEVI R, KRISHNAMOORTHY P, RAJAMANI S, ROY P
047343 SURESH K P, PATIL S, INDRABALAN U B, SRIDEVI R, KRISHNAMOORTHY P, RAJAMANI S, ROY P (ICAR - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 560 064, Email: sureshkp97@rediffmail.com) : Evolutionary analysis and detection of positive selection of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of h5n1 avian influenza from chicken, duck and goose across Asia . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 169 - 78.
Outbreaks of very high pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) viruses are being reported in poultry in almost all countries including Asia. It has been reported that the spread is very fast and found that this virus is spreading in avian species since several years. In this study, the evidence of positive selection prominent to mutations was analyzed for the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences of H5N1 avian influenza from chicken, duck and goose across Asia. H5N1 avian influenza viruses are being a severe risk to the public health. Detection of positive selection sites in Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes will help to trace the evolutionary path of these viruses from different poultry hosts. The positive/ diversifying selection (dN/dS (w) >1) was found to be showing significant signals in mutation of HA and NA genes and is evolving rapidly. The cumulative dN/dS (w) ratio was found ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 in HA gene and 0.16 to 0.25 in NA gene of Avian Influenza Virus from chicken, duck and goose. Furthermore, statistical Bayesian model methods were applied to interpret the genetic diversity of H5N1 strain, the evolutionary rates were ranging from 2.36x10 - 3 to 5.19x10 - 3 in HA gene and 2.28x10 - 3 to 6.25x10 - 3 in NA gene from chicken, duck and goose respectively, which revealed a rapid evolution in these viruses with respect to their genetic ancestor. Substitution rates and selection pressure in these three different hosts indicate that their dynamics of mutation and replication remain similar among the species studied and are important for evolution.
7 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref
SINGH P, VERMA P K, SHARMA P, SOOD S, RAINA R
047342 SINGH P, VERMA P K, SHARMA P, SOOD S, RAINA R (SKUAST, R S Pura - 181 102, Email: drpawankv@yahoo.co.in) : Effects on antioxidant system of cardiac tissue following repeated oral administration of arsenic, quinalphos and their combination in wistar rats . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 141 - 7.
Prevalence of insecticides and toxic metals in nature is a potential threat to mammalian well being. Simultaneous exposure to co - existing environmental toxins can severely impair cardiovascular health possibly by compromising cardiac antioxidant system. The present study was conceptualized to determine the consequences of concurrent exposure to arsenic and quinalphos on antioxidant status of cardiac tissue in rats. Fifty - four adult Wistar rats of either sex were randomly allocated to nine groups of six rats each. Animals were subjected to either individual or simultaneous oral administration of quinalphos (1/100th or 1/10th of LD50) and arsenic (50 or 100 ppb) incorporated in drinking water, for 28 days. Significantly (p<0.05) declined cardiac antioxidant biomarkers viz. total thiols, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione - s - transferase, glutathione reductase along with increased (p<0.05) malondialdehyde levels indicated oxidative damage to heart following simultaneous administration of higher doses of quinalphos and arsenic when compared not only to control rats but also to rats exposed to either toxicant. Likewise, significant reduction in activity of cardiac acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was seen in rats co - exposed to higher doses of quinalphos and arsenic. These results show that simultaneous co - exposure to arsenic and quinalphos particularly at their higher doses imposed severe cardiac oxidative stress in rats as reflected by reduced antioxidant biomarkers, increased lipid peroxidation and reduced AChE activity.
2 tables, 37 ref
SUBRAMANYAM V, HEMADRI D, PHANIKASHYAP S, HIREMATH J, PATIL S S, ROY P
047341 SUBRAMANYAM V, HEMADRI D, PHANIKASHYAP S, HIREMATH J, PATIL S S, ROY P (Jain Univ, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Email: divakar.hemadri@icar.gov.in) : Detection of torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) in clinical specimens of pigs with classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, and porcine circovirus 2 infections . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 162 - 8.
Torque teno sus viruses (TTSuVs) have never been implicated in direct causation of any disease; however, their role as cofactors in precipitation of certain disease conditions is gaining some support. Considering the spurt in the number of outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections and classical swine fever (CSF) in India, we have investigated the extent of association of TTSuVs with the above said viruses by PCR. The TTsuVs were detected in 53 % and 26.22 % of CSFV - PRRSV - PCV - positive and apparently healthy negative tissue samples respectively. In serum, these were detected respectively in 29.60 % and 21.42 % of CSFV - PRRSVinfected and apparently samples. The results obtained for the tissue samples is in concurrence with the observations of previous studies which reported higher prevalence of TTSuVs in CSFV - PRRSV - PCV - positive clinical specimens as compared to the healthy ones. This is the first report of co - infection of TTSuVs with CSFV, PRRSV and PCV from India. Future works are needed to establish pathogenic role of TTSuVs through experimental studies.
3 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref
ATABO S M, UMAR A A, SHEHU S A, ABUBAKAR A A
047340 ATABO S M, UMAR A A, SHEHU S A, ABUBAKAR A A (Veterinary Anatomy Dep, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univ, Sokoto, Nigeria, Email: mohakosh@yahoo.com) : Comparative ossification of the skull in three Nigerian breeds of sheep: An alizarin technique . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 195 - 203.
This study describes the ossification time, sequence, and morphogenic pattern of the neuro - cranial and viscera - cranial bones of the skull in three Nigerian breeds of sheep. A total number of four hundred and ninety (490) wasted fetuses were collected from abattoirs. The heads of the fetuses were severed and processed using the Alizarin technique. The ossifying bones were identified, and their morphology was mapped using FastStone Image software. In the three breeds of sheep, the neuro - cranial and viscera - cranial bones developed via intra - membranous ossification. Generally, bony spicules appeared to radiate from the ossification centers of the skull bones faster in Yankasa than Balami and Uda. The frontal, parietal, and the zygomatic process of frontal bones were the first of the neuro - cranial bones to begin ossification. The premaxilla, zygomatic, and maxilla were the first of the viscera - cranial bones to begin ossification. The earliest morphogenic pattern of the neuro - cranium, the occipital condyle was comma - shaped, the parietal and frontal were irregular, and the zygomatic process of temporal bones and frontal process of zygomatic were finger - like projections. Whereas among viscera - cranium, the premaxilla, nasal, and zygomatic were spindle - shaped, the maxilla and lacrimal were triangular and cube - shaped in all the three breeds of sheep. The ossification centers of the skull bones started from the calvarium and developed faster in Yankasa and the shape of the developing bones - varies as the bone spicules radiates and fetuses advanced with age. The temporal and interparietal ossification did not occur in the 1st and early 2nd trimester fetuses (42 - 67 days of gestation) of the three breeds of sheep. It was concluded that the frontal and premaxilla were the first bones of the skull to ossify and ossification of the viscera - cranium occurred earlier in Yankasa than in Balami and Uda and the ossification centers of all the neuro - cranial bones and nasal bones were eccentric.
10 illus, 1 tables, 23 ref
KUMARI G D, PUSHPA R N R, SUBRAMANYAM K V, RAO T S, SATHEESH K
047339 KUMARI G D, PUSHPA R N R, SUBRAMANYAM K V, RAO T S, SATHEESH K (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, NTR Coll of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, Email: deepu.angrau@gmail.com) : A comparative assessment of haemagglutination assay and polymerase chain reaction in detecting canine parvovirus from fecal samples . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 204 - 9.
The present study was aimed to lay the basis for a comparative study of the diagnostic tests namely haemagglutination assay and polymerase chain reaction for their efficacy in detecting the Canine parvovirus (CPV - 2) from fecal samples. A total of 342 samples (vaccinated 61 and unvaccinated 281) were used for the comparative assessment of the diagnostic assays. Out of 342 samples tested for haemagglutination assay, only 71 were positive and they were further confirmed by haemagglutination inhibition assay. Polymerase chain reaction detected 234 samples positive for Canine parvovirus indicating that PCR is more efficient than haemagglutinating test in detecting the parvovirus from the fecal samples.
4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref
YAKUBU A S, JIBRIL A
047337 YAKUBU A S, JIBRIL A (Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univ, Sokoto, Nigeria, Email: yakubu.abubakar@udusok.edu.ng) : Surgical management of an open orchiectomy following traumatic unilateral testicular evisceration in a 2 year old nigerian local dog. Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13(2), 29 - 36.
Testicular trauma results from a direct blow to the testis. Testicular trauma may occur with multiple and diverse mechanisms. But, blunt trauma is the most common, particularly in athletes. Testicular trauma is relatively uncommon in animals. It is defined as an injury to the testicle as a result of blunt trauma, penetrating abrasion or degloving trauma through the scrotum and scarcely envisaged in canines. This case report is aimed at describing the clinical findings, treatment and outcome of testicular evisceration in a 2 year old Nigerian male dog as a result of trauma. The injury described in this report could be as a result of bite during mating by other competing dogs around. This case is unique in that the clinical history and the severity of the condition of the scrotal wound and the eviscerated testicle indicated a complete rupture and soiling of the parietal tunica vaginalis, which is the layer of fibrous connective tissue surrounding the testicle. The spermatic cord and the epididymis were intact. The case was managed by surgical exploration of the trauma site and tissues followed by bilateral orchidectomy under general anesthesia. The patient was premedicated using 0.02mg - kg atropine, then sedated with 0.5mg - kg xylazine. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with 10mg - kg Ketamine. Orchidectomy was carried out on both testes by ligating and transecting the spermatic cord through the traumatic opening. The traumatized scrotal skin was sutured and the sutures were removed 14 days post - surgery. The patient recovered uneventfully. This case highlights that despite the low reported incidence of traumatic injury, it should be included among other causes of scrotal diseases in canines.
1 tables, 24 ref
YAKUBU A S, AFAR S J, SULAIMAN F, ABUBAKAR A A, ELSA A T, KENE R O C, ONIFADE K I, ADEYANJU J B
047336 YAKUBU A S, AFAR S J, SULAIMAN F, ABUBAKAR A A, ELSA A T, KENE R O C, ONIFADE K I, ADEYANJU J B (eterinary Surgery and Radiology, Univ of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue Nigeria, Email: yakubu.abubakar@udusok.edu.ng) : Hematological and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol anesthesia in red sokoto goat of Nigeria. Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13(2), 16 - 27.
Propofol is a unique non - barbiturate, non - steroid, short - acting general intravenous anaesthetic agent associated with rapid and smooth induction and rapid recovery. Earlier studies have indicated the adverse effect of propofol anesthesia on hematological parameters, contributing to immune suppression in dog. Propofol has also been reported to cause depression of respiratory function due to reduction of sensitivity of respiratory centre to carbon dioxide and tissue oxygen uptake in goat. The high cost of anesthetic agents, especially general or intravenous anesthetics, lack of technical know - how of endotracheal intubation and paucity of suitable anesthetic agents limits the ability of the surgeon to perform invasive surgery successfully in goats. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of propofol anesthesia on the hematological and cardiopulmonary parameters in Red Sokoto goats of Nigeria for possible adoption in routine invasive surgical procedures in small ruminants due to non - availability of information on this aspect. Five apparently healthy female Red Sokoto goats weighing between 17 - 25 kg were used for the study. Propofol was used for induction of anesthesia with 4mg/kg body weight for 10 seconds and maintained at 0.4 mgkg - 1min - 1 by continuous infusion for 60 minutes. Hematological and cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded before anesthetization (T0) and subsequently at 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), and 60 (T60) minutes after anesthetization, and 1 hour post recovery (T120). The mean onset of propofol anaesthesia was found to be 20.6 ? 2.6 seconds. All the animals showed prolapsed third eyelid, whereas the tail, palpebral, deglutition and auricular reflexes were abolished. The goats showed no outward signs of excitement. Endotracheal intubation was difficult. Onset of action was rapid, so also the time of recovery. Hematological parameters in the study included Haematocrit (PCV %) value, Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count, Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC),and White Blood Cell (WBC) Count. Cardiopulmonary parameters included rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and oxygen saturation level (SpO2). The result of the present study did not reveal significant (P>0.05) alteration in hematological indices and cardiopulmonary parameters before anesthetization (T0), during anesthesia (T5 - T60) and after recovery from anesthesia (T120). It is concluded that induction of propofol anesthesia at 4mg/kg body weight and maintenance at 0.4mg/kg/minute for surgical interventions in Red Sokoto goats triggered rapid onset and smooth perpetuation without detrimental hematological and cardiopulmonary consequences during anesthetization and post - recovery.
2 tables, 55 ref
PARVEEN S, SAQIB S, AHMED A, SHAHZAD A, ZARISH N, AHMED N
047326 PARVEEN S, SAQIB S, AHMED A, SHAHZAD A, ZARISH N, AHMED N (Infection prevention and Control Dep, Pakistan Kidney and Liver institute & Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore - Pakistan, Email: namalik288@gmail.com) : Prevalence of MRSA colonization among healthcare - workers and effectiveness of decolonization regimen in ICU of a Tertiary care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 38 - 41.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the nasal cavity and to determine the effectiveness of decolonization regimen among health care workers working in the Intensive care unit (ICU) at a Tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. A cross - sectional study was carried out during the period of June, 2018 to August, 2018. A total of 46 healthcare workers were screened to see the prevalence of MRSA in the nasal cavity. Samples from the nasal cavity were collected using sterile swabs, and processed for bacterial cultures. The samples were inoculated on Blood agar and chocolate agar and then incubated at 37? for 24 hours. After the incubation period, petri plates were checked for the growth of S. aureus (MRSA). After identification of colonizers, five days decolonization regimen of nasal mupirocin ointment and Chlorhexidine based body wash was used and repeated cultures were done to check the effectiveness of this regimen. IBM SPSS version 25 was used to check the statistically significant relationship between prevalence of MRSA colonization with profession and gender. Among the total 46 participants, 6 (13%) were found MRSA colonizers, 12 (26.08%) showed Methicillin - Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and remaining 28 (60.8%) showed no growth of S. aureus. The prevalence of MRSA colonization was found highest in nurses i.e. 66.67%, 16.67 % in doctor and 16.67 % were in respiratory therapists. The success rate of treatment regimen was 83.33%. Results of the present study showed that the prevalence of MRSA was high in our setting but effectiveness of decolonization treatment regimen is similar to the worldwide success rate.
2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
ASIF M, NAWAZ S, BHUTTA Z A, KULYAR M F E A, RASHID M, SHABIR S, KHAN M K, QADIR M M
047325 ASIF M, NAWAZ S, BHUTTA Z A, KULYAR M F E A, RASHID M, SHABIR S, KHAN M K, QADIR M M (Univ of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Email: doctorzeeshan94@gmail.com) : Viral outbreaks: A real threat to the world. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 008 - 19.
Global public health is facing significant challenges in terms of emerging and re - emerging pathogens. The world is facing a new public health crisis emergence and spread of Coronaviruses outbreaks especially COVID - 19 after nine deadliest viral outbreaks including Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Rabies, HIV, Smallpox, Hantavirus, Influenza, Dengue and Rotavirus. Coronaviruses (enveloped non - segmented positivesense RNA viruses) belong to the Coronaviridae family, broadly distributed in humans as well as in other mammals. In December 2019, the COVID - 19 outbreak was reported in the Wuhan, Hubei province of China. WHO confirmed that COVID - 19 is associated with Huanan seafood (Wuhan). COVID - 19 virus outbreak is more dangerous than its ancestors MERS - CoV and SARS - CoV. Although the case fatality rate is lower, it has alarmed the world because of its rapid spread during this era of the modern world where the whole world is connected through different channels of trade. As the world is already facing economic challenges, underdeveloped countries are not capable of facing such challenges, and this outbreak may become worse than ever before.
2 illus, 2 tables, 126 ref
TANWEER A, BANO A, FATIMA W, JAVED H
047321 TANWEER A, BANO A, FATIMA W, JAVED H (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Dep, Univ of the Punjab, Lahore - Pakistan, Email: abidammgpu@gmail.com) : Hyperhomocysteinemia: The independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 001 - 7.
Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and associated with primary causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Association between Hcy and CVD has been a question for biologists over the last five decades. The circulating levels of Hcy can be increased by defects in enzymes involved in the metabolism of several B and therefore for homocysteine. Although researchers have yielded conflicting findings on the link between homocysteine and CVD risk, but there is convincing evidence on link between B vitamin deficiencies and increased CVD risk. This review identifies the research conducted on this subject matter and provides a framework for the factors associated with Hcy and CVD.
61 ref
SINGH A, SHARMA S B, RANA A, AMANDEEP, KAUR A, KAUR A, RANI B, KAUR G
001553 SINGH A, SHARMA S B, RANA A, AMANDEEP, KAUR A, KAUR A, RANI B, KAUR G (State Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Faridkot, Email: anjalisingh26july@gmail.com) : Effectiveness of “Rajyoga Meditation”:A Quasi-experimental study for holistic healing in cancer patients. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 35-40.
Raj Yoga is one of the tested spiritual, holistic healing approaches nowadays used for every field for promoting selfesteem
in healthy and unwell patients at mental and psychological levels. Cancer is one of the end-stage diseases that give
not only physical pain but also causes psychological threats to the patient. The patient may experience grief, fear of death,
loneliness, low self-esteem and other emotional changes resulting in depression and anxiety disorders. During this stage,
some spiritual or holistic healing approaches are must for the enhanced wellbeing status of cancer patients, so the current
study is focused on evaluating the effectiveness of Raj Yoga Meditation in cancer patients in selected hospital of Punjab In
this study, the Raj Yoga Meditation programme was introduced for 15-20 minutes per day for six consecutive days to the
experimental group. Although the study period was concise, however, the results showed that there was a significant
difference between pre-test (141.64±18.9624) and post-test (167.400±23.0922) wellbeing scores at the 0.05 level of
significance.
1 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref
CHRISTIANTO V
001523 CHRISTIANTO V (Malang Institute of Agriculture, Malang, Indonesia, Email: victorchristianto@gmail.com) : Rethinking medical ethics from hyppocratic oath to nuremberg code. Bio-Sci Res Bull 2021, 37(2), 88-91.
In this short review, we reconsider how medical ethics based on Hyppocratic Oath since centuries ago, began to decline gradually especially after medicine experiments were introduced by Nazi doctors in camps during WW II. At the end, Nuremberg code is introduced at the PostWW II era. We also discuss some implications to today medical experiments especially those which involve humans.
11 ref
GORLA S, NAG T C
001513 GORLA S, NAG T C (Anatomy Dep, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi-110 029, Email: tapas_nag@aiims.edu) : Effect of constant light on the morphology of the retina in domestic chick (Gallus g. domesticus): A scanning electron microscope study. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(4), 381-4.
Light induces variable levels of damage to the retina and often, death of the photoreceptor cells. It is reported that chick retina, having abundant melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes no or minimal damage from exposure to light. However, the morphology of cone and rod photoreceptor cells after continuous exposure of light has not been studied in detail. The present study investigated the detailed changes of photoreceptor cells, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Domestic chicks (Gallus g. domesticus) from post-hatch day (PH) 1 to 7 were initially reared at 700 lux at 12 h light (L):12 h dark (D). From PH 7 to 18, they were exposed to 12L:12D (control) and 24L:0D (constant light) cycles at 700 lux. At PH18, chicks were sacrificed, their eyes enucleated and preserved in Karnovsky’s fixative. The retina was then separated from the adherent choroid, mounted on photoreceptor side up and processed for SEM. There was significant damage to rod and cone outer segments from both dorsal and ventral part of the retina and a decrease in the abundance of cells of the inner nuclear layer in constant light, compared to that found in 12L:12D cycles. It is likely that constant light affects the retinal cells in the vertical pathway, which could alter the phototransduction process.
7 illus, 10 ref
NAG T C
001509 NAG T C (Anatomy Dep, All India Institute of Medical sciences, New Delhi-110 029, Email: tapas_nag@aiims.edu) : Distribution of erythroid spectrin (α, β) immunoreactivity in the human retina. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(4), 352-8.
Spectrin (α and β) is a tetrameric, key membrane skeletal protein initially reported to be present in erythrocytes. It is also present in other cells, neurones and the retina. This study reports immunoreactivity (IR) to erythroid spectrin in human retina at different ages (56-91 years), as examined by immunohistochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy (IEM). Spectrin IR was localised moderately in ganglion cell layer, inner- and outer plexiform layers and predominantly in photoreceptor inner segments and macular fibres of Henle. As the latter are interleaved by outer processes of Müller cells, IEM was used to see which cellular processes contained spectrin. IEM revealed that gold particles were associated with microtubules of cone inner segments and in fibres of Henle, but were absent in Müller cell processes, supporting immunohistochemical data on the absence of IR in Müller cells (stained with vimentin antibody). In fibres of Henle, a steady expression of spectrin was seen until eighth decade, and then a decreased expression beyond ninth decade, which paralleled with degenerative microtubule changes (seen by transmission electron microscopy) in them. These changes could be responsible for agerelated down-regulation of spectrin expression in fibres of Henle. It is likely that one specific role of spectrin in the human retina could be maintenance of the macular fibres of Henle. Its reduction with age may cause alterations in cone membrane, which may be responsible for their vulnerability in ageing.
6 illus, 1 table, 20 ref
SINGH R, PRASAD J, SATAPATHY T, JAIN P, SINGH S
001503 SINGH R, PRASAD J, SATAPATHY T, JAIN P, SINGH S (Pharmacy Dep, Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Univ, Raipur-492 015, Chhattisgarh) : Pharmacological evaluation for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of polymeric microparticles. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(2), 156-61.
The objective of the study was to evaluate anti-bacterial and anti-Inflammatory activities of polymeric microparticles. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed for prepared microparticles followed by in vivo anti-inflammatory activity on rats. From the present study, it was observed that the microparticles developed were appropriate in their shape and uniform size. The topography of SEM studies revealed that, the microparticles were smooth-surfaced. The result of antibacterial activity indicated that the formulation has not exhibited any zone of inhibition against the various strains of bacteria used for this study. The result of anti-inflammatory activity (Dextran induced paw edema) exhibits that, the formulations possess the inhibitory potential for various inflammatory mediators thereby reduces the inflammation in paws. From the results, it can be concluded that Acacia arabica microparticles is showing significant Anti-inflammatory activity after 6 h than conventional dosage form.
7 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref
CHAUDHARY S, RAI P, SESHAM K, KUMAR S, SINGH P, NAG T C, CHAUDHURI P, TRIKHA A, YADAV S C
001497 CHAUDHARY S, RAI P, SESHAM K, KUMAR S, SINGH P, NAG T C, CHAUDHURI P, TRIKHA A, YADAV S C (Anatomy Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi- 110 029) : Microscopic imaging of bronchoalveolar fluids of COVID-19 positive intubated patients reveals the different level of SARS-CoV-2 infection on oral squamosal epithelial cells. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(3), 196-207.
COVID-19 pandemic has been a global health emergency due to its association with severe pneumonia and high rate of mortality. In the current study, we reported the direct evidence for the variable level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection on several types of oral epithelial cells isolated from the aspirated oropharyngeal and bronchoalveolar secretions of severely infected and intubated patients using cytology, confocal based immunofluorescence imaging (IF), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies. Cytological analysis showed the presence of keratinised and non-keratinised oral epithelial cells with viral inclusion bodies in stratum granulosum and intermedium cells. IF imaging using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific antibody confirmed the presence of virus inside the stratum spinosum/granulosum (keratinised) and stratum intermedium/superficial cells (non-keratinised). No SARS-CoV-2 viruses were seen in stratum corneum cells. SEM analysis also confirms the absence of virus like structure on stratum corneum surface while viruses like structure were seen on the stratum spinosum/granulosum/stratum/intermedium and stratum superficial cells. This advanced microscopic study confirms directly that the virus tends to infect and multiply in the metabolically active or sub-basal cells of oral epithelium and absent in the inactive keratinised stratum corneum from shedding zones of oral mucosa.
4 illus, 24 ref
JAFARZADEH S, GENC V M I, CATALTEPE Z
001400 JAFARZADEH S, GENC V M I, CATALTEPE Z (Electrical Engineering Dep, Istanbul Technical Univ, Istanbul- 34469, Turkey) : An online dynamic security assessment in power systems using RBF-R neural networks. IETE J Res 2021, 67(1), 36-48.
In this paper, the dynamic security of a large power system against any critical contingency is predicted by a new type of radial basis function neural network, RBF-R NN, as it classifies the system’s transient stability status online. In order to keep the number of measurements limited, as well as to reduce the complexity of the NNs used, the minimum redundancy maximum relevance is adopted as a feature selection method. Moreover, the classification performance of the RBF-R NNs is improved by eliminating the training set instances that are close to the security boundary. The proposed method is applied on a 16-generator-68-bus test system and the performance of the adopted RBF-R NNs is compared with RBF NNs, as well as with multilayer perceptrons. The simulation results show that a significant improvement in prediction accuracy is obtained by the RBF-R NNs together with the feature selection and the elimination of boundary instances.
9 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref
LAWAL I O, OMOGBENE T O
001385 LAWAL I O, OMOGBENE T O (Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan P.M.B 5054, Nigeria, Email: ibroodula@gmail.com) : Nigerian polyherbal-based hydrotherapy: A panacea to infectious diseases. Herba Pol 2021, 67(2), 65-79.
A global society, including developed countries, continues to struggle with fatal diseases that are difficult to treat with Western medicine. A variety of infectious diseases have existed for ages, but in Africa they had been limited thanks to the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) prior to the introduction of cosmopolitan medicine. Influenza virus repression has been demonstrated by a number of herbal antivirals, yet the invaluable therapeutic potential of herbal medicine has been underestimated. Despite various reliable methods offered by Western medicine, the globally destructive COVID-19 pandemic requires a successful fight. The wisdom of African IKS used in tackling epidemics that have broken out in the past is brought to mind again. Pneumonia – a COVID-19 symptom, could be treated with polyherbal fomentation. Selected plants cultivated across Nigeria for hydrotherapy are under consideration to be used in proper doses. Given the potential associated with IKS, a multi-disciplinary approach involving experts in phytomedicine, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, plant physiology and ecology is necessary to unlock the therapeutic potential of traditional medicine.
5 tables, 114 ref
BOUHRIM M, BOUKNANA S, OUASSOU H, BOUTAHIRI S, DAOUDI N E, BNOUHAM M
001384 BOUHRIM M, BOUKNANA S, OUASSOU H, BOUTAHIRI S, DAOUDI N E, BNOUHAM M (Ethnopharmacology and Health Mohammed First Univ, B.P- 717 60000, Morocco, Email: mbnouham@yahoo.fr) : Phytochemistry and biological activities of Opuntia seed oils: Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. and Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Herba Pol 2021, 67(2), 49-64.
Opuntia species belong to semi-arid and arid regions of Mexico and the United States. O. ficus-indica and O. dillenii are commonly used in alternative medicine to treat various diseases. Up to date, several scientific works have been carried out on the different parts of these plants. However, over the last few years, studies have been focusing on the oil obtained from the fruit seeds of these species. For this reason, this study aims to draw the attention of researchers toward the phytochemical and the pharmacological effects of these two Opuntia oils, which would help set up other scientific projects that promote these products. Phytochemical studies have shown that these oils are rich in biologically active molecules, such as unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (mainly linoleic acid and β-sitosterol), as well as vitamin E, which is represented only by the γ-tocopherol. Besides, these oils are rich in polyphenols that protect them from photo-oxidation. Moreover, several studies have shown their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and gastroprotective activities, as well as their hypolipidemic properties. The beneficial effects of these oils include also their ability to block the weight loss, and what makes them more interesting is their safety, according to the literature.
5 illus, 59 ref
PRZERWA F, KUKOWKA A, KOTRYCH K, UZAR I
001383 PRZERWA F, KUKOWKA A, KOTRYCH K, UZAR I (General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics Dep, Pomeranian Medical Univ, Szczecin, Poland, Email: uzari@wp.pl) : Probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Herba Pol 2021, 67(2), 39-48.
The human microbiota has a tremendous effect on our health. In the last decades, our knowledge about interactions between bacteria and humans have grown greatly. Not only is it necessary for humans to synthesize vitamins, to have tight intestinal barriers or protect from pathogens, it also has an impact on our immune system and thus plays an important role in autoimmune diseases and prevention of excessive inflammatory response. The idea of probiotics is to restore the balance in humans digestive microbiota. There is a growing number of scientific papers that proves a positive impact of using probiotics in various diseases. However, there are still questions that need to be answered before probiotics play a bigger role in the treatment. This paper presents the information about the use of probiotics in most common diseases of gastrointestinal tract.
1 table, 69 ref
SAJU F, SIVARAMAN C M
001382 SAJU F, SIVARAMAN C M (Pharmaceutics Dep, Nirmala Coll of Pharmacy, Muvattupuzha- 686 661, Kerala, Email: fels.academics@gmail.com) : Scope of herbal mucilage in pharmaceutical formulations. A review. Herba Pol 2021, 67(1), 46-57.
The aim of the article was to obtain maximum information about plant mucilage, its sources and applications in the pharmaceutical industry. This study focuses on the scientific articles and books available in Internet resources and college library that deal with the sources, applications, extraction and isolation of plant mucilage. Mucilage is obtained mainly from plant sources and can be isolated easily. Due to the low cost, easy availability, non-toxicity, non-irritancy, and biocompatibility, mucilage is of great demand in the field of pharmaceuticals. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Abelmoschus esculentus L, Plantago ovata Forssk. and Aloe barbadensis L. are some common sources of mucilage. The isolation methods vary depending on the part of the plant where mucilage is present. It is commonly used as gelling agent, suspending agent, binder, and disintegrant. Since it is hydrophilic in nature, chances of deterioration are higher. In this review, different mucilage sources and their isolation methods are discussed in detail. Mucilage is used as excipient in many formulations of tablets, suspensions, gels, etc. The study explores the potential of plant mucilage as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of this inexpensive excipient make it more favourable for the newer formulation development.
1 table, 101 ref
UDWANI K, SHAH A G, JARIWALA H, JANI R
001371 UDWANI K, SHAH A G, JARIWALA H, JANI R (General Surgery Dep, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: shahapurvag@gmail.com) : Severity of deep vein thrombosis in covid pandemic. GCSMC J Med Sci 2021, 10(1), 35-40.
To study the severity and complication rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during the covid pandemic as compared to a similar time frame before the pandemic. A group of 80 patient diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis between April 2020 to November 2020 (Group A) were compared with a group of 80 patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis during the similar time frame in 2019 with respect to several parameters indicating the severity and complication rates of deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis has showed an increased severity since the onset of covid with higher number of patients presenting with acute compartment syndrome requiring surgical intervention and with more number of cases showing extensive venous thrombosis. Complication rate with regards to pulmonary embolism has also showed a rise relating to the rise in patients presenting with extensive DVT.
4illus, 13 ref
PAREKH P, MODI P, MEHTA M, SUTHAR S, ZINZALA G, SHAH K
001370 PAREKH P, MODI P, MEHTA M, SUTHAR S, ZINZALA G, SHAH K ( General Surgery Dep, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: prujalparekh@yahoo.in) : Ventral and inguinal hernia repair- polyglactin - 910 better than polypropylene?. GCSMC J Med Sci 2021, 10(1), 30-4.
Mesh repair has been one of the most popular methods of hernia repair with the lowest recurrence rates as compared to other tissue repairs. With increasing incidence of incisional hernia which is only 2nd to inguinal hernia in incidence, number of surgeries performed for incisional hernia has increased considerably. The mesh fixation has traditionally been done with Polypropylene which are non-absorbable sutures. This study aims to compare the group of patients in which polyglactin-910 was used with patients in which polypropylene was used. The study is a prospective study conducted over a period of 4 years at the largest tertiary care hospital of Western India. 400 patients were included from which 256 patients had inguinal hernia and the rest 144 had ventral incisional hernias. Two groups were framed from these 400 patients – one in which polyglactin-910 was used (120 patients) and the other in which polypropylene (280 patients) was used. All the patients were followed up for at least 1 year and the complications were compared. Out of 400 patients in 120 patients mesh repair was done with polglactin-910 and rest with poplypropylene, and study was conducted over a period of 4years with results showing incidence of pain 23% with poplypropylene against relatively low incidence with polyglactin-910 of 12%. Another observation was that incidence of sinus formation was 13% with polypropylene and only 0.8% with polyglactin-910. The study concluded that the association of pain and sinus formation was higher with polypropylene.
4 tables, 14 ref
PATEL D V, MUKADAM P N, SHUKLA V V, VAIDYA A P, PATEL R R
001369 PATEL D V, MUKADAM P N, SHUKLA V V, VAIDYA A P, PATEL R R (General Surgery Dep, AMC MET Medical Coll, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: dvlpatel1947@gmail.com) : Incisional hernia: A comprehensive study on the incidence and management of abdominal incisional hernia. GCSMC J Med Sci 2021, 10(1), 25-9.
Incisional hernia is the one true iatrogenic hernia. The Incisional hernia occurs in less than 5-11% of patients subjected to abdominal operation. Incisional hernia usually starts within few months after surgery, as a result of failure of the lines of closure of the abdominal wall following laparotomy. If left unattended they tend to attain large size and cause discomfort to the patient. This study has been undertaken to assess the magnitude of this problem, various factors leading to development of this condition and the different modalities of treatment practiced in our set up. Methodology: The present study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery; AMC MET Medical college and Seth L. G. Hospital Ahmedabad, in which 60 patients of incisional hernia were treated during June 2018 to April 2020. Interpretation and Conclusion: Successful repair relies on knowledge of the dynamics of the abdominal wall, thorough technical execution, appropriate selection of synthetic or bioprosthetic material, and constitution of surgical team. Though laparoscopic repair has been demonstrated to be safe and a more resilient repair than open repair, open mesh repair remains a suitable alternative.
6 tables, 17 ref
SANGANI S V, PATEL C J, GOSAI J B, DHUSA D, PATHAN U, PARMAR A
001368 SANGANI S V, PATEL C J, GOSAI J B, DHUSA D, PATHAN U, PARMAR A (Emergency Medicine Dep, BJ Medical Coll, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) : A comparison of glasgow coma scale score with “full outline of unresponsiveness scale” to predict outcome of the patients with traumatic brain injury presenting to emergency medicine department. GCSMC J Med Sci 2021, 10(1), 18-24.
In patients presenting to Emergency Department(ED) with traumatic brain injury, it is important to evaluate the neurological status to determine the present clinical status and to predict outcome of the patient. GCS is the most widely used score,but it has some drawbacks which led to the development of other scores such as the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score. In our study, we compared the GCS and the FOUR scores in patients presenting with traumatic brain injury. The aim is to compare the FOUR score with the GCS score in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. To understand the effectiveness of FOUR score as an assessment tool. To assess whether FOUR score is an alternative tool in TBI patients or could be complimentary. We conducted a prospective observational study at a trauma centre of a tertiary care hospital during January 2019 to March 2019 after taking institutional ethical committee approval. All patients presenting with clinical diagnosis of TBI were evaluated and given a GCS and FOUR score by the emergency physician. Relevant investigations were done and findings were noted. We tabulated all information in Microsoft Excel 2019 and statistical analysis was done with SPSS software. The mean age of study population was 38.295+/- 15.33 years. Male patients were 79% and 21% were female patients. Road traffic accidents contributed highest percentages of causes of TBI (60%). By comparing the median value of FOUR score with mortality and the median value of GCS score with the mortality by using the Mann-Whitney test showed a p-value of ≥1, which is statistically non-significant. FOUR score is equally reliable with GCS score. Both have their own significance.
4 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref
SHUKLA V V, MUKADAM P N, VAIDYA A P, PATEL D V
001367 SHUKLA V V, MUKADAM P N, VAIDYA A P, PATEL D V (General Surgery Dep , AMC MET Medical Coll, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: vineetshukla2410@gmail.com) : Liver injury in abdominal trauma: management and association with other solid abdominal organ injury. GCSMC J Med Sci 2021, 10(1), 13-7.
Blunt abdominal injury remains one of the commonest injuries. The solid organs, namely the Liver, Spleen & Kidney are the most commonly injured intra-abdominal organs. Non operative line of management is now considered the line of treatment for patients with intra-abdominal organ injury who are hemodynamically stable. In the case of polytraumatized patients with open or blunt abdominal trauma, the liver is the most frequently injured abdominal organ. Earlier, surgical treatment was the standard procedure globally for all kinds of trauma-related liver injuries. However, development of new interventional radiological techniques has changed the paradigm towards a non-surgical patient management. An observational study of 50 patients with solid organ injuries of the abdomen following abdominal trauma admitted over a period from July 2018 up to August 2020 was carried out. Patient management either operative or conservative was decided on basis of hemodynamic status and they were divided in groups OP (Operated) and NOM (Non Operative Management). In our study, majority of liver injury were treated conservatively. Splenic injury patients were mostly managed by operative intervention and renal injury patients were managed according to grading of organ injury.
3 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref
VAIDYA A P, MUKADAM P N, PATEL D V, SHUKLA V V, VANSDADIA R R
001366 VAIDYA A P, MUKADAM P N, PATEL D V, SHUKLA V V, VANSDADIA R R (General Surgery Dep, AMC MET Medical Coll, Ahmedabad- 380 008, Gujarat, Email: apvaidya66@gmail.com) : Management modalities of choledocholithiasis: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography versus open common bile duct exploration and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. GCSMC J Med Sci 2021, 10(1), 8-12.
Common bile duct stone typically requires surgical intervention, which primarily involves open CBD exploration + Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic CBD exploration. Open CBD exploration has multiple complications, high mortality rate and long recovery time. A total of 50 cases presenting as choledocholithiasis between July 2018 to August 2020 were taken for study. 1st group of 20 patients underwent open cholecystectomy with open CBD exploration. 2nd group of 20 patients underwent ERCP followed by interval (6 weeks) laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ERCP found to be better when compared with open CBD exploration in terms of less post-operative complications (5% in ERCP vs 20% in Open CBD exploration) and less mean duration of hospital stay(5 days in ERCP vs 8 days in Open CBD exploration). For management of CBD stone patient, gold standard treatment is ERCP followed by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. While in patients with incomplete clearance of CBD stone after ERCP, CBD exploration either laparoscopically or by open approach should be preferred. While in patients with CBD stone greater than 2 cm size, direct open CBD exploration is the preferred option.
3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref
JOSHI T, JUYAL V
001365 JOSHI T, JUYAL V (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Kumaun Univ, Nainital- 263 001) : Evaluation of acute toxicity of some medicinal plants and their combination in albino mice. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 166-70.
Medicinal plants find use across different cultures in the world. People have derived numerous benefits by using various plants for centuries. Herbal drugs are supposed to be safe, but there are chances these might cause toxicity and other complications. Thus toxicity studies are essential for a medicinal plant before being used in humans. The present research revolves around studying the acute toxicity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Thymus serpyllum, Spilanthes acmella and their combination in equal ratio (COMB). For preparing the combination of extracts, the ethanolic extracts of the three plants were combined in equal amounts and administered to the animals. The acute toxicity study was carried out according to OECD (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guideline 423 for acute toxicity. The animals were divided into four groups each containing three animals each. These groups were respectively administered ethanolic extract of O. kilimandscharicum, T. serpyllum, S. acmella and COMB in a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity and mortality at durations specified by OECD. The results demonstrated that extracts of the three medicinal plants used in the study and their combination were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg.
5 tables, 27 ref
POTTI S, NAYAK A, BANIGALLAPATI S, VENIGALLA M
001352 POTTI S, NAYAK A, BANIGALLAPATI S, VENIGALLA M (Cornea Dep, Sankara Eye Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in South India - various presentations, role of therapeutic debridement and topical voriconazole. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 72-7.
To report various presentations and the effect of therapeutic debridement with topical Voriconazole in Microsporidial epithelial keratitis. Retrospective analysis Methods and Material: 33 eyes of 32 patients of clinically and microbiologically proven Microsporidial epithelial keratitis were included. Diagnosis was done with Gram staining and confirmed by modified Ziehl Neelsen (1% Acid fast). All lesions were therapeutically debrided and 1% topical voriconazole was given and followed up weekly until resolution. The mean age of our patients was 32 years (Range: 10-68 years). The disease was more common in young adults (21-30 years age group). All patients had undergone therapeutic debridement and prescribed 1% topical voriconazole and were symptomatically better. Visual acuity ranged from log MAR 0.6 to log MAR 0.00 which further improved after resolution. Significant visual loss did not occur in any patient. Microsporidial epithelial keratitis is more common than expected in young, healthy individuals including doctors and are typically confused with viral keratitis.The disease showed complete resolution with no recurrence with therapeutic debridement and topical voriconazole therapy.
3 illus, 1 table, 31 ref
HEGDE V, JAIN R, SHAMBU R, BAPPAL A, HEGDE R
001351 HEGDE V, JAIN R, SHAMBU R, BAPPAL A, HEGDE R (Ophthalmology Dep, Yenepoya Medical Coll, Mangalore) : Visual function in professional drivers in a coastal town of South India and their perceptions about ocular health. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 67-71.
Good visual function is essential for drivers during driving. Many ocular conditions affect visual function. There is a need for the drivers to undergo ocular evaluation and awareness about eye health would motivate them to do so. To assess vision acuity, field of vision, colour vision, contrast and depth perception of drivers and to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about ocular health. A cross sectional, descriptive study was done among drivers for duration of six months. (May to October 2016) After obtaining ethics committee approval & informed consent from participants, a detailed ocular evaluation was done. The drivers were given a validated semi-structured self-administered questionnaire that included demographic details and questions pertaining to awareness about ocular health. It was collected on same day. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of data. A total of 102 male drivers participated. The mean age of drivers was 36.19 years (SD ±14.50). Ocular findings observed included refractive errors (n=38), allergic conjunctivitis (n=23), pseudophakia (n=7), diabetic retinopathy (n=4), cataract, pterygium, strabismus and glaucomatous cupping (n=1 each). Vision impairment was seen in 19 drivers. Colour vision was normal in all. None of the drivers had undergone ocular examination at the time of issue or renewal of license or at the time of employment. Sixty drivers were aware that field of vision can be affected by eye diseases. Fifty seven drivers were not aware of about cataract and diabetic retinopathy affecting the vision. The study showed good visual function in drivers and they were less knowledgeable about cataract and diabetic retinopathy. They need to undergo periodic ocular evaluation.
2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref
KRISHNAMOORTHY S, SELVARAJ R, VAITHIANATHAN V
001350 KRISHNAMOORTHY S, SELVARAJ R, VAITHIANATHAN V (Ophthalmology Dep, Jothi Eye Care Centre, Puducherry) : Correlation of impression cytology and tear film status with the metabolic control and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 59-62.
To determine whether changes in conjunctival epithelial morphology and the tear film dysfunction in type 2 Diabetes mellitus is related to its metabolic control or duration. A cross sectional clinical study which includes 200 patients of type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The patients demographic details, Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC)which was done using Ultipor Nylon filter paper ,Tear film break up time(TBUT) and Schirmer’s test I & II were evaluated. The percentage of the study population with abnormal changes in conjunctival morphology was 44.4% in those with less than 10 years of duration and 73.9% in those with more than 10 years duration of diabetes mellitus. The association between HbA1C and CIC shows that 34.3% of good control and 66.7% of poor metabolic control had changes in conjunctival epithelial morphology , which is statistically significant. The prevalence of tear film instability was 79% among type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Tear film dysfunction in less than 10 years of diabetes were found as 75% and in 86.1% for more than 10 years .Nearly 70% patients of good metabolic control and 86.3% patients of poor control had tear film instability, which was statistically significant. Changes in conjunctival morphology was correlating significantly with both increase in duration and poor metabolic control whereas Tear film instability was found to be more significantly associated in patients with poor metabolic control than with its duration.
1 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref
CHIDIRE S K, KARANAM S, FATIMA A
001348 CHIDIRE S K, KARANAM S, FATIMA A (Ophthalmology Dep, Sankara Eye Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Visual outcome after pediatric cataract surgery in a tertiary eye care hospital. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 56-8.
Paediatric cataract though being an avoidable cause of blindness, if not intervened timely, presents an enormous problem in terms of human morbidity, economic loss and social burden. Aims and objective: The objective of this study was to observe the visual outcome after developmental cataract surgery. A prospective study was conducted in department of pediatric ophthalmology at sankara eye care hospital. The study was conducted for nine months period from february 2019 to september 2019. All the patients of developmental cataract up to age of 15 years were included in the study. The patients underwent either a) lens aspiration + PCIOL implantation b) lens aspiration + PPC+Anterior Vitrectomy+PCIOL implantation depending upon age of patient. Post surgery patients were examined on day 1, 1 week and 1 month period. Glass prescription was done at the end of 1 month post operative period. A total of 50 eyes of 31 children were included in the study. The mean age was 7.83 ± 4.07 years. Male participants were 24 (77% ) and 7 ( 23%) were female participants. post-operative BCVA of 6/6 - 6/18 was seen in 27 (54%) eyes, 6/60 < 6/18 was seen in 9 (18%) of eyes and < 6/60 in 1(2%) eye. In 13 (26%) of eyes, fixation and follow up of light was seen. There was a statistically significant improvement in post surgical BCVA (p value<0.001). Our study demonstrates that good visual outcome following pediatric cataract surgery can be achieved by early diagnosis, timely intervention, skill of the surgeon and regular followup in the post-operative period. The tendency to develop posterior capsular opacification in the post-operative period is less likely to occur with lens aspiration +PPC+ Anterior Vitrectomy+PCIOL implantation when compared to lens aspiration+ PCIOL implantation.
2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref
MANKAD S, MATHEW B C, SHAH D
001347 MANKAD S, MATHEW B C, SHAH D (Ophthalmology Dep, Choithram Netralaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Seasonal variation in cataract surgery: A myth or reality?. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 52-5.
Mass cataract surgeries are organised throughout India all over the year to achieve the target set by Vision 2020 programme to eliminate blindness. The heavy workload during winters led to the observation that more cataract surgeries were performed during winter season. This causes problems with efficiency, quality and resource allocation. This study aims to analyse if seasonal variation exists and to determine the factors which can help in better planning for optimal utilisation of resources. A retrospective study was conducted on surgeries conducted during 2015- 2019, dividing into summer, rainy and winter seasons. 100 patients each, from the winter season and summer season respectively, were asked to fill in a questionnaire to analyse the reason for selection of the particular season for cataract surgery. Of the 64,205 cataract surgeries performed during the study period, 61.44% of surgeries were done in the winter season. While community based surgeries were mostly done in winter (63.51%), the trend among paid patients showed a shift towards equal distribution throughout the seasons. 41% of patients attending in the winter season believed that the surgery was safer during winter while 49% patients attending in the summer season underwent surgery because of diminished vision. Seasonal variation is a reality in cataract surgeries in India. Various contributing factors to seasonal variation involve hearsay beliefs of patients, cost of surgery and cultural beliefs. If these can be addressed then resource allocation and utilization can be improved.
3 tables, 8 ref
KHAN B, KAUR R, KAUR K, MATREJA P S, SAMRIA S
001345 KHAN B, KAUR R, KAUR K, MATREJA P S, SAMRIA S (Ophthalmology Dep, Adesh Medical Coll and Hospital, Kurukshetra, Haryana) : Management of metallic intraocular foreign body retained at different levels in the eye. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 39-44.
The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical presentation and outcome of management in metallic retained intraocular foreign bodies. 60 patients with metallic retained intraocular foreign bodies were included in the interventional case series over a period of two years. The details of patients were retrospectively analyzed and all findings including mechanism of injury, best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment findings were recorded. The various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative clinical factors were noted. The functional and anatomical outcomes were also evaluated after one year follow up. All patients (100%) were males with a mean age of 26.5 years. The most common cause of ocular injury was chisel hammer or nail hammer related. Intra-operatively the foreign body was located on the retina in 74% patients and was intralenticular in 11.5% cases. The most common complication was endophthalmitis which was noted in 35% of patients followed by retinal detachment in 10% of patients. Favourable visual outcome was achieved in 90% (n-54) of patients and anatomical success was achieved in 92% (n-55) patients at one-year of follow-up. There was a significant [p<0.05] difference between pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity. Prophylactic intravitreal antibiotics and steroids are mainstay in preventing infection in penetrating injuries and helps in preserving useful vision. Better preoperative visual acuity, prophylactic buckle support and micro incision vitrectomy surgery were favourable factors related to better visual results in such cases.
2 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref
AGGARWAL R, SETHI P, DUVESH R K, SETHI H S, NAIK M, RAI H K
001344 AGGARWAL R, SETHI P, DUVESH R K, SETHI H S, NAIK M, RAI H K (Ophthalmology Dep, V.M.M.C & Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi) : Ocular toxicity of anti-tubercular drugs. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 35-8.
Tuberculosis is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol (EMB) and isoniazid (INH) are synthetic first-line agents of the anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol , though well tolerated, is known to cause optic neuritis, more specifically retro bulbar neuritis causing decreased visual acuity, central scotomas, and loss of red-green color vision. Isoniazid can rarely cause retro bulbar optic neuritis. Streptomycin is known to cause pseudotumor cerebri. Thioacetazone can produce severe hypersensitivity cutaneous reactions including Steven Johnson Syndrome affecting the skin and mucosa including conjunctiva. Optic neuropathy has been reported as a side effect of long-term use of linezolid. This is particularly seen in cases of drug resistant tuberculosis where treatment with linezolid may continue for about 18-24 months Educating the patients for early detection of the ocular manifestations and regular follow-ups are very essential. The purpose of this review is to update the clinicians on the ocular side effects of anti tubercular drugs and the type of eyecare to be provided to the patients treated with these medications.
1 table, 29 ref
MENON M G, SHALINI
001343 MENON M G, SHALINI (Glaucoma Dep, Sankara Eye Hospital, Bengaluru) : Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 26-34.
Glaucoma, a chronic progressive optic neuropathy, is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness world-wide. The only treatable risk factor till date is lowering of intra-ocular pressure (IOP), thus, being the mainstay of treatment. Constant search for alternative surgical means for effective, sustainable reduction of IOP with higher safety profile, an ab- interno approach causing minimal trauma to ocular tissues, faster recovery with minimum impact on quality of life has led to a new class of procedures named Minimally Invasive/ Micro-invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS). MIGS can act by bypassing any obstruction at the trabecular meshwork (iStent, Hydrus micro-stent, Trabectome, Kahook dual blade goniotomy), by enhancing aqueous outflow through Schlemm’s canal (Ab interno Canaloplasty) or through the supra-choroidal space (iStent supra). They can also act through shunting aqueous outflow into the sub-conjunctival space (XEN gel implant) or by reducing aqueous production by ciliary body ablation (endo-cyclo-photocoagulation). The revolutionary MIGS comprising several different procedures and devices can be staggering for the glaucoma specialists. The aim of the present review is to provide an understanding of the currently available classes of MIGS encompassing the design, safety and efficacy profile to help the ophthalmologists to tailor the surgical approaches for greater individual care.
12 illus, 82 ref
PATEL A, TYAGI M
001342 PATEL A, TYAGI M (Vitreo Retina and Uveitis Services Vizag Dep, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Andhra Pradesh) : Viral retinitis: Review. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 19-25.
Retinitis is one of the common presentation of posterior uveitis. The cause could be either an infection or inflammation but until proven otherwise, retinitis is infectious. It could present either as unifocal or multifocal presentation and may manifest either as full thickness retinitis, chorioretinitis or retinochoroiditis.
7 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref
ANITHA V, MEENAKSHI R, VANATHI M
001341 ANITHA V, MEENAKSHI R, VANATHI M (Ophthalmology Dep, The Institution Aravind Eye Hospital, Tirunelveli) : Update on surgical interventions in management of dry eyes. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(4), 9-18.
Dry eye disease (DED) is an inflammatory disease with tear film instability and hyperosmolarity. It is also a common symptom encountered in a general ophthalmology practice. The DED symptoms range from mild, moderate to severe. The Rapid Diagnosis with non-invasive techniques are possible in the out-patient clinic itself. The management includes medical and surgical, which depends on the patients' objective symptoms, subjective complaints, and the severity of the disease. Medical treatment includes preservative-free tear substitutes, oral secretagogues, topical, and systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. The surgical modalities are the treatment options in very severe disease. The severity of the disease at the time of presentation, lifestyle modifications, compliance with the treatment is associated with a better prognosis. This review provides an update with a practical approach to surgical interventions of DED with emphasis on treatment for specific disease subtype and severity of the condition.
8 illus, 5 tables, 96 ref
RAMAKRISHNAN R, AGRAWAL M, GANDHI P, SHRIVASTAVA S, CHOUDHARY A, HUSSAIN S F
001340 RAMAKRISHNAN R, AGRAWAL M, GANDHI P, SHRIVASTAVA S, CHOUDHARY A, HUSSAIN S F (Ophthalmology Dep, MGM institute of Medical sciences, Navi Mumbai) : Heart and brain behind e-learning amidst covid19 pandemic. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 59-62.
COVID-19 pandemic presented us with a window to introduce digital learning in ophthalmology. We conducted this study to understand the repercussions of change of traditional learning and commence E-learning as an educational channel to medical students in the field of Ophthalmology and analyse the response of the students to the pristine method of education in this pandemic. To determine the effect of COVID 19 lockdown on ophthalmic medical education in a private medical college in Navi Mumbai. A cross‐sectional study done by recruiting undergraduates and BSC optometry students of a private medical college as the subjects, after obtaining ethical approval from the instituteand informed consent from the students. A random sample of 322 undergraduate medical students; 151 from 7th semester, 151 from 5th semester and 20 from Third year Optometry were surveyed by a questionnaire. The Statistical Package AQ6 for the Social Sciences software used for statistical analysis. 70% students The response of 70% students was responded that online lectures covered all the important topics of curriculum and learning through phone was easier. Less than 45% students of 7th semester responded that online teaching should not remain a part of academic teaching when college reopens. The response of 112 students of 7th semester responded was that their parents complained about overusage of gadgets in this COVID19 pandemic. The response of 219 students was that they utilized COVID19 lockdown in a creative and constructive way apart from E-learning. E-learning can be an excellent appurtenance to traditional learning and hence enhance spread of medical knowledge worldwide.
5 illus, 4 ref
KAUR G, SUPRITHA C N, GUPTA N R, GOYAL S
001339 KAUR G, SUPRITHA C N, GUPTA N R, GOYAL S (Ophthalmology Dep, GGS Medical Coll and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab) : A cross sectional study to assess knowledge of primary open angle glaucoma among medical students. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 51-4.
To assess the knowledge of primary open-angle glaucoma among medical students from tertiary health centre, Punjab. In this cross sectional study, we conducted a survey among medical students. The questionnaire had 11 questions about epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and sequelae of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The students were also asked if they considered their knowledge about POAG sufficient. Student’s characteristics (age, sex and intended area of specialization) were identified. Women comprised 60% of the students. 45% of students gave the correct answer that glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. 48% of students identified POAG as having a genetic origin. Only 30% of students knew that POAG is asymptomatic and half of them (48%) knew that glaucoma blindness is irreversible. Many students (79%) correctly identified tonometry as an important tool for diagnosis and the glaucoma can be treated through medications (73%) or surgery (83%). Almost half of them (47%) considered their knowledge is insufficient. Almost half of the participants believe that their knowledge of POAG is insufficient. The results of this study showed that the basic knowledge of POAG among medical students is less. This gap can lead to some serious consequences from both individual (blindness) and collective (negative impact in health system and society) perspectives.
7 illus, 15 ref
NAGARAJ K B, DEVEGOWDA S Y, TUMBADI K L, GOVINDARAJ B, BHANDARY R, SUSHEKAR S N V
001338 NAGARAJ K B, DEVEGOWDA S Y, TUMBADI K L, GOVINDARAJ B, BHANDARY R, SUSHEKAR S N V (Vitreoretina Dep, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital & Regional Institute Of Ophthalmology, Chamarajpet, Bengaluru) : Pneumoretinopexy in unusual situations : Our experience. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 43-6.
To report the anatomical and visual outcome in patients who underwent pneumoretinopexy (PnR) as a primary procedure in unusual situations. A prospective interventional analysis of 5 patients who underwent PnR as the primary treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( RRD), where either scleral buckling / vitrectomy was advised. Of the 5 patients with RRD, 1st had left eye subtotal RRD with superotemporal break of more than 1 clock hour size with grade A PVR changes, 2nd had left eye subtotal RRD with superonasal break with grade A PVR changes with torticollis, 3rd had left eye near total RRD with superotemporal break with grade A PVR changes, 4th was one-eyed with right eye total RRD with superior break with grade C PVR changes, and 5th had right eye temporal RRD with 2 retinal breaks which were more than 2 clock hours apart with grade A PVR changes. Trial of PnR with appropriate head positioning was done in all patients. Patients were followed up on postoperative day 1, 1 week, 1 month and 6 months. Anatomical and visual outcomes were assessed. All patients had good anatomical and visual outcomes. PnR can be considered as a primary treatment option in some simple RRDs with early PVR changes, even though they are not the ideal indications. It can also be useful in the management of RRDs, where there is a limitation for scleral buckling / vitrectomy.
5 illus, 10 ref
REWRI P, CHOUDHARY A, PANDEY S M, SINGHAL A, CHAUDHARY P, KUMAR S
001337 REWRI P, CHOUDHARY A, PANDEY S M, SINGHAL A, CHAUDHARY P, KUMAR S (Ophthalmology Dep, Maharaja Agrasen Medical Coll, Agroha, Haryana) : Topical anaesthesia for cataract surgery: Patient’s and surgeon’s perspective. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 32-6.
The study aimed to find factors’ determining satisfactory experience from patient’s as well surgeon’s perspective in cataract surgery under topical anesthesia In this prospective study, we recruited consecutive patients of senile cataract willing to undergo cataract surgery under topical anesthesia. Using a validated score system, patients comfort and cooperation was quantified. Demographic and ocular factors affecting the comfort level and cooperation were analyzed. A total of 530 patients, with mean (±SD) age 61±9 (range 41-90), underwent cataract surgery under topical anesthesia between September and November 2019.Of all the participants, 429 (81%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):77- 84) were not aware about injection less topical anesthesia for cataract surgery. The average comfort and cooperation score were 4.56±0.67and 4.54±0.73, respectively. The average duration of surgery was 8.33±3.24 (range: 4-25) minutes. The acceptance for topical anesthesia for cataract surgery is high, in both patient’s and surgeon’s perspective. Patient’s satisfaction and cooperation depends on several socio-demographic and psychological factors.
1 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref
PENSIYA M, KOCHAR A, ALI N, KHAN A
001336 PENSIYA M, KOCHAR A, ALI N, KHAN A (Ophthalmology Dep, Sardar Patel Medical Coll & Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Evaluation Of hundred consecutive cases of optic disc oedema at a tertiary care centre In North-West Rajasthan. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 23-7.
This study aimed at evaluation of patients diagnosed as optic disc oedema in terms of demographics, aetiology and clinical presentation. This prospective, noninterventional hospital based study was conducted between January 2018 and November 2019. 100 cases of disc edema were included by consecutive sampling and comprehensive examination was done including BVCA, pupillary reaction, colour vision, detailed slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure, fundus examination, fundus photograph. CSF manometry, Lumbar Puncture, CT and MRI scan and OCT for RNFL assessment were performed as and when required. The most common cause of the disc edema was papilloedema (54%) followed by optic neuritis (18%); optic neuropathies (9%); pseudopapilledema (7%); diabetic papillopathy (5%). Most common age group affected was 21-40 years (39%). Our study population had Male to Female ratio of 1:1.1. Bilateral disc edema was 3.5 times more common than unilateral presentation. Space occupying lesions were found to be most common cause of Papilledema. Decreased vision and headache was main symptom reported by majority of patients. From this study it was concluded that papilledema and optic neuritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with optic disc swelling. Bilateral disc swelling Could be due to papilledema, the first investigation should be urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plus magnetic resonance venography (MRV) to exclude a brain tumor or dural venous sinus thrombosis. With newer imaging technique like OCT, it is possible to differentiate pseudo from true optic disc oedema, also to recognise the aetiology.
4 illus, 6 tables, 11 ref
CHOKSI T, SAHDEV S, PAWAR R
001335 CHOKSI T, SAHDEV S, PAWAR R (TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai) : Keratoconus: Available treatment options. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 13-7.
Treatment of keratoconus has evolved substantially over years. Treatment modalities are aimed at stabilization of progressive ecstasia with least invasive approach. Mainstay of treatment has shifted from keratoplasty – (penetrating or lamellar) to less invasive techniques like corneal collagen cross linking, intrastromal corneal ring segments and topography-guided PRK. Recently Bowman Layer Transplantation has evolved as a less invasive, promising option in patients with advanced progressive form of disease.
3 illus, 1 table, 27 ref
WEERASINGHE B, GUPTA C, LEVENE Y, SHANKAR J
001334 WEERASINGHE B, GUPTA C, LEVENE Y, SHANKAR J (Ophthalmology Dep, Betsi Cadwaladr Univ, Wrexham, United Kingdom) : Clinical response to switch from ranibizumab to aflibercept in wet age-related macular degeneration. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 55-8.
To assess whether switching from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept conferred benefit in visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Mean change in VA and CMT was assessed in wet AMD patients 6 months prior and 6 months after switch from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept, between July 2014 and November 2016. 90 eyes were switched from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept. VA improved in 11 eyes, 65 reported no change and 14 showed deterioration. Improvement in VA was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CMT improved in 24 eyes, 64 showed no change and in 2 there was deterioration. This improvement was statistically significant (p6 (62 patients) Ranibizumab injections showed no significant difference between these groups for VA or CMT change. Although there seemed to be an improvement in the CMT with Aflibercept, this did not translate as a statistical improvement in VA. Switching earlier to Aflibercept did not show any significant benefit in either VA or reduced CMT within the first 6 months. Our research however, requires extension as the benefits may be seen over a longer period of time. In conclusion, some patients with sub-optimal response to Ranibizumab may benefit from switching to Aflibercept.
2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref
SHAH K, SHAH S
001333 SHAH K, SHAH S (Ophthalmology Dep, M & J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) : Post-Operative outcomes of intraocular lens implantation with both anterior and posterior optic capture in paediatric cataract with insufficient lens capsular support. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 47-50.
To assess the post-operative outcomes of intraocular lens implantation with both anterior and posterior optic capture in terms of visual axis opacification, ocular hypertension, centration of intraocular lens and iris and angle structure irritation in paediatric cataracts with either primary posterior capsular defect or traumatic rupture of anterior capsule or fibrotic anterior capsule or extended anterior capsulorrhexis. Sixteen (16) eyes of eleven (11) cases of paediatric cataract (5 bilateral and 6 unilateral) of 1 to 4 year of age with either insufficient posterior capsular support or traumatic rupture of anterior capsule or improper anterior capsule to perform anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis received both anterior and posterior optic capture of posterior chamber intraocular lens (3 piece). Visual axis opacification, intraocular lens centration and intraocular pressure were recorded. The follow up period was 6 to 18 months. Implantation of intraocular lens (3 piece) with both anterior and posterior optic capture was performed successfully in sixteen eyes of paediatric cataract of 1 to 4 year of age. All the eyes had a clear visual axis with no visual axis opacification and maintained clinical centration of intraocular lens with normal intraocular pressure. Anterior and posterior optic capture of intraocular lens is a safe and effective method of treatment of paediatric cataract of 1 to 4 year of age with insufficient lens capsular support in prevention of visual axis opacification.
1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref
CHAURASIA R K, KAPIL V, YASIR Z H
001332 CHAURASIA R K, KAPIL V, YASIR Z H (Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, UP) : Correlation Of visual acuity with macular thickness in early and advanced stages of primary open angle glaucoma. Delhi J Ophthalmology 2021, 31(3), 37-42.
To evaluate association between visual acuity (VA) and macular thickness (MT) measured by Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in patients of early and advanced stages of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). A cross section observational study was conducted between 2016-2019. All POAG patients aged >40 years attending our hospital were study population. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and Best corrected Visual acuity (BCVA) was noted. Anterior and posterior segment assessment was done. Cirrus OCT was used to measure MT. POAG was grouped as early and advanced. P values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 155 patients were examined.72 (46.5%) of them were in early POAG stage and rest 83(53.5%) belonged to advanced stage. The mean age was 63.46 ± 8.5 years and Male patients were 91 (58.7%). Association of BCVA with stages of POAG was found to be statistically significant (P=<0.001) and it was worst in advance POAG. Association of mean MT with stages of POAG was statistically significant (P<0.001) and it was less in advanced POAG. Range of mean deviation (MD) with stage of POAG was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Association of MT with BCVA among overall study was reported to be statistically significant (P=0.006) . Association of MD with BCVA among overall study was statistically significant (P=<0.001). Among POAG patients enrolled in the study an inverse correlation between BCVA & MT and BCVA & MD was observed. Level of correlation was mild and strong for MT and MD respectively. Correlation was found to be statistically significant.
6 tables, 23 ref