KUMAR P, MEHTA N, KANTALE R A, CHATLI M K, HUNDAL J S, WADHWA M
037285 KUMAR P, MEHTA N, KANTALE R A, CHATLI M K, HUNDAL J S, WADHWA M (Livestock Products Technology Dep, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, Email: vetpavan@gmail.com) : Effect of fibre combination on quality characteristics of chevon patties. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 97-103.
A study was undertaken to assess the effect of various fibre combination on the quality characteristics of chevon patties. Based on preliminary trials, five combinations of inulin and pineapple peel powder (PAP) were used to prepare chevon patties viz., control (without inulin and PAP), T1 (1.0 % inulin powder), T2 (1.0 % inulin and 1.5 % PAP), T3 (1.0 % inulin and 3.0 % PAP) and T4 (1.0 % inulin and 4.5 % PAP). The developed patties were assessed for various physicochemical, proximate, instrumental colour, texture profile and sensory analysis. The incorporation of fibre combinations resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in emulsion stability and ash contents and decrease in protein and fat contents. Crude fibre content of treatments was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control, and it increased with increasing levels of PAP in the formulation. Fibre incorporation resulted in better retention of dimensional characteristics. Moisture and hardness values of PAP incorporated patties were lower than T1 and control. The overall acceptability of T3 (7.16) was comparable to T2 and the control and was recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher than T4. Thus, good quality chevon patties can be prepared by incorporating fibre combination of 1.0 % inulin powder and 3.0 % PAP (T3).
3 tables, 23 ref
PATHAK V, RAJPUT R
037284 PATHAK V, RAJPUT R (Veterinary Anatomy Dep, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur- 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, Email: pathakv26@yahoo.com) : Gross anatomical studies on larynx of gaddi sheep. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 92-6.
The aim of the study was to investigate the anatomical structure of larynx of Gaddi sheep. The larynx formed the connection between the nasopharynx and tracheobronchial tree. In Gaddi sheep, there was no apparent sexual difference in the size of larynx. The larynx of Gaddi sheep was an elongated structure made up of unpaired epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid. The thyroid cartilage was largest cartilage of larynx that formed the lateral and ventral portion of cartilaginous skeleton of larynx. The maximum length from the anterior cornu to the posterior cornu was 4.45±0.34 cm. The maximum breadth of thyroid cartilage was 2.89±10 mm. The signet ringshaped cricoid cartilage was the caudal most cartilage of the larynx. The transverse and vertical diameters of the cricoid cartilage were 2.44±0.5 and 2.82±0.10 cm, respectively. The arytenoid cartilages were paired cartilages of the larynx and had three surfaces (dorsal, medial and lateral) and three borders (ventral, medial and lateral) which met each other by three processes (muscular, vocal and articular) with apex and base. The apex of arytenoid cartilages did not show well-defined corniculate process in Gaddi sheep. The epiglottis cartilage was the rostral cartilage which projected out at laryngeal opening. The obovate leaf-like epiglottic cartilage was curved ventrally with rounded apex. The length and width of epiglottic cartilage were 3.03±0.03 and 2.48±0.27cm, respectively.
9 ref
SHARMA D, SHARMA K, AGNIHOTRI R K, POONAM, RAMESHWAR
037283 SHARMA D, SHARMA K, AGNIHOTRI R K, POONAM, RAMESHWAR ( Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Dr G.C. Negi Coll of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur- 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, Email: devinasharma23@yahoo.co.in) : In vitro evaluation for acaricidal efficacy of and melia azedarach Eupatorium adenophorum against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks of goats. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 86-91.
In vitro acaricidal activity of biopesticides prepared from and Melia azedarach Eupatorium adenophorum was evaluated against adult engorged females of ( ) Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus of goats at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 % using adult immersion test and larval packet test. A dose-dependent larval mortality response (82, 42 to 90, 46 %) was recorded in all the concentrations of . Significant (P<0.05) inhibition of oviposition (IO) in adult females M. azedarach at concentration of 20 % suggested negative effect of on the reproductive physiology M. azedarach of ticks. significantly (P<0.05) affected the oviposition and mortality rates of the E. adenophorum tick larvae in a dose-dependent manner with highest mortality at 20 % concentration. The results indicated potential use of biopesticides formulated from in M. azedarach E. adenophorum and developing sustainable strategy for integrated tick management and a step towards organic chevon production.
2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
GUPTA C, MURUGAN M, GANESAN A, RAMPRABHU R, KUMAR S S
037281 GUPTA C, MURUGAN M, GANESAN A, RAMPRABHU R, KUMAR S S (Veterinary Coll and Research Institute, Tiruneveli- 627 358, Tamil Nadu, Email: chhavigk@gmail.com) : A retrospective study on dystocia and its management in goats. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 75-8.
A retrospective study was conducted on causes and management of dystocia in 116 goats presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli during June to December, 2018. The incidence of dystocia was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Kanni Adu (41.38 %) followed by Kodi Adu (33.62 %) and Salem Black (25.00 %) breed. The monthly incidence varied significantly (P<0.01) from 5.17 % (August) to 30.17 % (September). The principal causes of dystocia in goats were foetal malpresentation (31.03 %) and twinning (20.68 %). Maternal causes were narrow pelvis (10.34 %), ring womb and uterine inertia (6.89 % each) and uterine torsion (1.72 %). Methods employed to relieve dystocia were mutation and manual traction (53.44 %) followed by partial foetotomy (21.55 %), medicinal management (13.80%) and caesarean section (11.21%). The success rate of different methods was >75.00 % with maximum of 100 % by caesarean section. It was inferred that dystocia was a major reproductive problem in goats and the timely management of the condition must be instituted to save the pregnant goats and reduce the kid losses.
2 tables, 16 ref
PATEL G A, SUTHAR B N, NAKHASHI H C, CHAUDHARI C F, SUTARIA T V, CHAUDHARI R K
037280 PATEL G A, SUTHAR B N, NAKHASHI H C, CHAUDHARI C F, SUTARIA T V, CHAUDHARI R K (Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dep, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural Univ, Sardarkrushinagar-385 535, Gujarat, Email: ravjivgo@gmail.com) : Haemato-biochemical profile in goats with dystocia and retained foetal membranes. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 71-4.
A study was conducted to evaluate the haemato-biochemical and hormonal changes in dystocia (n=11) and retained placenta-affected (n=7) Mehsana goats. The mean concentration of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total leucocyte count did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in both dystocia and retained placenta affected goats. The mean total erythrocyte count was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in dystocia affected goats. The plasma level of aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase significantly (P<0.05) increased after the obstetrical manoeuvres while that of creatine kinase was apparently higher. Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, sodium and potassium levels decreased while cortisol increased immediately after the obstetrical management. It was concluded that the findings of the alterations in haemato-biochemical attributes in dystocia and retained placenta-affected goats may be useful in the management of obstetrical conditions.
3 tables, 11 ref
KUMAR V, PUROHIT S, PATHAK R K, SINGH A, SRIVASTAVA M K , PANDEY V, PANDEY R P
037277 KUMAR V, PUROHIT S, PATHAK R K, SINGH A, SRIVASTAVA M K , PANDEY V, PANDEY R P ( Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Dep, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Eva, Mathura- 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, Email: spurohit2000@gmail.com) : Electrocardiographic studies using bipolar base apex lead-i in apparently healthy goats. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 57-61.
A study was conducted to evaluate the cardiothoracic parameters in 12 apparently healthy goats. They were divided into two groups (Gr-I: 3-6 months- old and 11.83±0.70 kg body weight; Gr-II: 6-12 months- old and 25.67±1.73 kg body weight). Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded using bipolar base apex lead using limb lead-I in standing position in calm goats without any sedation. Significant (P<0.05) negative correlation was found in the value of heart rate with body weight and age of the goats. Amplitude of P wave showed positive correlation with both age and body weight, R and T wave with body weight and R wave showed significant (P<0.05) positive correlation with age while other parameters of amplitude were negatively correlated with both age and body weight. Significant (P<0.05) positive correlations with both age and body weight were observed in duration in QRS complex and R-R interval. The baseline data of cardiothoracic parameters and their correlation with age and body weight appears to be helpful in diagnosing various cardiothoracic abnormalities in goats.
2 tables, 11 ref
SINGH R, SINGH A, SINGH V, BEIGH S A
037276 SINGH R, SINGH A, SINGH V, BEIGH S A (Veterinary Medicine Dep, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: rajivrajiv101@gmail.com) : Oxidative status in rambouillet x gaddi of himalayan region during peripartum period. Indian J Small Rumin 2020, 26(1), 53-6.
To assess the oxidative stress in sheep of Himalayan region during the peripartum period, a study was conducted on 24 Rambouillet x Gaddi sheep. Based on parity, ewes were equally divided into two groups as Gr 1 (primiparous) and Gr 2 (pluriparous). Blood samples were collected at - 4 and -1 week (before lambing) followed by 1, 4 and 8 weeks (post lambing) for the estimation of oxidative agents like malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) along with trace minerals (copper and zinc). Along the time, MDA revealed a steady increase up to 1 week post lambing when levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to 8 weeks post lambing. SOD activity in Gr 1 and 2 showed significant (P<0.05) variation at -4 week and -4 and 1 weeks, respectively as compared to 8 weeks post lambing. Catalase activity was significantly (P<0.05) lower at 4 week among Gr 1 and -4, -1, 1 and 4 week among Gr 2 animals. The GPx activity significantly (P<0.05) decreased at -1 week among Gr 1 animals compared to 8 weeks. GST activity in Gr 1 showed significant (P<0.05) decrease at 1 week post lambing; however, no significant difference was observed among Gr 2 animals compared to 8 weeks post lambing. Plasma levels of copper and zinc failed to show any definite pattern. The study concluded that Rambouillet x Gaddi sheep experience decreased antioxidant and trace mineral levels with increased oxidant levels during the peripartum period.
1 table, 16 ref
SWARUP M S, GUPTA S, SINGH S, PRAKASH A, MEHNDIRATTA A, GARG A
037266 SWARUP M S, GUPTA S, SINGH S, PRAKASH A, MEHNDIRATTA A, GARG A (Radiology Dep, Maulana Azad Medical Coll and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi? 110 002, Email: me.drswati@gmail.com) : Phakomatoses: A pictorial review. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 195-205.
Phakomatoses or Neurocutaneous syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders and have variable inheritance pattern. Currently, more than 30 entities are included in this group. These disorders primarily affect the central nervous system; however, skin, viscera, and other connective tissues can also be involved with variable clinical presentation. We will describe and illustrate the various radiological findings of the common entities through the iconography of the cases presented to our department.
26 illus, 15 ref
SAHU A, VIKAS H, SHARMA N
037265 SAHU A, VIKAS H, SHARMA N (Hospital Administration Dep, AIIMS, New Delhi- 110 029, Email: vickygaddi@gmail.com) : Life cycle costing of MRI machine at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 190-4.
Life cycle costing (LCC) is an excellent decision‑making tool that can assist a hospital administrator in seeking more cost‑effective decisions to select the best course of action. LCC can be defined as “an economic assessment of competing design alternatives, considering all significant costs of ownership over the economic life of each alternative, expressed in equivalent rupees. To determine the LCC of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine at a tertiary care teaching hospital. A descriptive, observational study in MRI scan center of a tertiary care teaching hospital. LCC analysis (LCCA) was performed to ensure total cost visibility for the entire life span of the MRI scan equipment, which was assumed to be 10 years. Data were analyzed using MS Excel. The total cost per MRI scan was calculated to be Rs. 2944. It was estimated that the MRI scan center would reach the break‑even point by the end of the third year.
7 tables, 6 ref
DHAGAT P K, JAIN M, FAROOQ A
037264 DHAGAT P K, JAIN M, FAROOQ A (Radiodiagnosis Dep, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt and Army Coll of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Email: peeyushdhagat@gmail.com) : MRI evaluation of soft tissue vascular malformations. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 184-9.
Soft tissue vascular malformations are not uncommonly encountered in clinical practice and are often mistaken for other pathologies. Vascular anomalies are divided into vascular tumors and malformations. Vascular malformations progressively increase in size with increasing age and are classified into low‑flow (venous, lymphatic, veno‑lymphatic, capillary and capillary venous) and high‑flow malformations (arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF)) depending on the presence or absence of arterial flow. Aim of this study is to evaluate the Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the soft tissue vascular malformations and to classify the lesions depending on flow pattern. A total of 52 patients of soft tissue vascular malformations were included in this study over a period of 3 years. All patients underwent detailed clinical examination and dynamic post contrast MRI evaluation. Doppler and ultrasound were done as an adjunct. There were 31 females and 21 male patients with age ranging from 9 to 34 years. In total 33 venous, 11 lymphatic, 8 veno‑lymphatic malformations were seen. No case of high‑flow malformation was seen. Majority of the lesions involved the head and neck region and the extremities. Fat saturated T2WI, STIR, and 3D dynamic post contrast sequences were found to be the most useful MRI sequences. MRI is the modality of choice for evaluating the soft tissue vascular malformations. It depicts the extent of the lesion, classifies the lesions into low or high flow and helps in treatment planning.
8 illus, 1 table, 18 ref
FOYE P M, JASON W T K, ZHENG K Y, LEONG K K
037263 FOYE P M, JASON W T K, ZHENG K Y, LEONG K K (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Dep, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, United States, Email: Doctor.Foye@gmail.com) : Low incidence of vascular uptake during ganglion impar sympathetic nerve blocks for coccydynia. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 181-3.
Focal sympathetic nerve blocks of the ganglion impar are often effective treatments for coccydynia (coccyx pain) and other pelvic pain syndromes. These injections are generally performed under contrast‑enhanced fluoroscopic guidance. Vascular uptake may potentially occur during the injection and vascular uptake rates have been reported for other spinal injections, but never for ganglion impar blocks. The purpose of the study was to determine vascular uptake rates during fluoroscopy‑guided ganglion impar blocks. An academic/University‑based Coccyx Pain Center. A total of 78 consecutive trans‑coccygeal ganglion impar blocks were analyzed for vascular uptake of contrast as determined by intermittent fluoroscopy. Direct calculation of incidence. Only one patient (1.3 %) demonstrated a vascular uptake pattern, which was readily recognized and corrected by slightly adjusting the position of the needle tip and thereby subsequently obtaining the desired contrast pattern at the ganglion impar. Vascular uptake incidence is low during ganglion impar blocks. This information can be one of the multiple factors considered when a physician is deciding whether or not to use contrast in an individual patient.
1 illus, 9 ref
FOYE P M, JASON W T K, ZHENG K Y, LEONG K K
037263 FOYE P M, JASON W T K, ZHENG K Y, LEONG K K (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Dep, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, United States, Email: Doctor.Foye@gmail.com) : Low incidence of vascular uptake during ganglion impar sympathetic nerve blocks for coccydynia. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 181-3.
Focal sympathetic nerve blocks of the ganglion impar are often effective treatments for coccydynia (coccyx pain) and other pelvic pain syndromes. These injections are generally performed under contrast‑enhanced fluoroscopic guidance. Vascular uptake may potentially occur during the injection and vascular uptake rates have been reported for other spinal injections, but never for ganglion impar blocks. The purpose of the study was to determine vascular uptake rates during fluoroscopy‑guided ganglion impar blocks. An academic/University‑based Coccyx Pain Center. A total of 78 consecutive trans‑coccygeal ganglion impar blocks were analyzed for vascular uptake of contrast as determined by intermittent fluoroscopy. Direct calculation of incidence. Only one patient (1.3 %) demonstrated a vascular uptake pattern, which was readily recognized and corrected by slightly adjusting the position of the needle tip and thereby subsequently obtaining the desired contrast pattern at the ganglion impar. Vascular uptake incidence is low during ganglion impar blocks. This information can be one of the multiple factors considered when a physician is deciding whether or not to use contrast in an individual patient.
1 illus, 9 ref
DESHPANDE A A, CHANDRASHEKHARA S H, SHARMA A
037262 DESHPANDE A A, CHANDRASHEKHARA S H, SHARMA A (Cardiovascular Radiology & Endovascular Interventions Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi- 110 029, Email: drarungautam@gmail.com) : Horizontal sandwiched interventricular septum: Complex cardiac anatomy deciphered with DSCT. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 177-80.
The superior‑inferior ventricle is a rare anomaly with the unknown incidence owing to less number of reported cases. However, one of the studies has reported this incidence to be <0.1 % of all congenital heart diseases. This has a characteristic imaging appearance with horizontal interventricular septum. Most of the previous reports of superior‑inferior ventricles have been described on echo, catheter angiography and only a few with cross‑sectional imaging. We report two cases of superior‑inferior ventricles associated with complex congenital cardiac defects on dual‑source CT.
6 illus, 5 ref
KALE S V, SHAH A
037261 KALE S V, SHAH A (Radiology Dep, Seth G.S. Medical Coll and K.E.M Hospital, Somerset BS23 4TG, UK, Email: drshahalam.rad@gmail.com) : Determining the normal effective diameter of thoracic aorta in pediatric population of India. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 170-6.
It is imperative to establish normative ranges of aortic diameter to diagnose various aortic pathologies. There have been very few studies establishing the normal aortic diameter on cross‑sectional imaging, and none pertaining to the Indian pediatric population. The objective of this study was, therefore, to establish the normal effective diameter of thoracic aorta at multiple levels using computed tomographic data, calculate z‑scores, and plot reference curves. The effective thoracic aorta diameters (average of anteroposterior and lateral diameters) were measured at predefined levels (aortic root, ascending aorta at the level of right pulmonary artery, aortic arch, proximal descending aorta, and aorta at the level of diaphragmatic hiatus) on double‑oblique reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images perpendicular to the direction of the vessel. Multiple functional forms relating the effective diameter to subjects’ age were evaluated with least square regression methods, and further R2 was used to ascertain the best model. Age‑based formulas to derive normal aorta diameters and mean squared errors (MSEs) were established. Two hundred and seven contrast‑enhanced CT (CECT) thorax studies of children without known cardiovascular disease were studied. The polynomial regression model relating the effective diameter that included linear, quadratic, and cubic age terms as independent variables were found to the best statistical model. The z scores were calculated, and normative curves were plotted. We have established normative effective diameters of the thoracic aorta at multiple levels in Indian children of different age groups. Measurements outside of the normal ranges are indicators of ectasia, aneurysm, hypoplasia, or stenosis.
6 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref
NEYAZ Z, HASHIM Z, KUMAR S, NATH A, KHAN A, MOHINDRO N
037260 NEYAZ Z, HASHIM Z, KUMAR S, NATH A, KHAN A, MOHINDRO N (Pulmonary Medicine Dep, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow- 226014, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ziasgpgi@gmail.com) : Correlation of asthma severity, IgE level, and spirometry results with HRCT findings in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 163-9.
Few studies have been done for correlating asthma severity, IgE level, and spirometry results with high‑resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) findings in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). This prospective observational study was conducted to correlate asthma severity, IgE level, and spirometry results with HRCT findings in ABPA. Settings and Design: Prospective observational. Fifty consecutive adult patients with asthma and positive specific IgE (>0.35 kUA/L) to Aspergillus fumigatus were recruited from October 2015 to July 2017. Asthma severity, IgE levels, and spirometry results were correlated with HRCT score, bronchiectasis score, air trapping segments, and low‑attenuation lung volume on inspiratory CT and expiratory CT. One way ANOVA, Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Asthma severity showed a significant positive correlation with HRCT score and bronchiectasis score. MEF pre and postbronchodilator values showed a significant negative correlation with HRCT score, bronchiectasis score, and percentage expiratory volumes ‑851 to ‑950 HU voxels. FEV1 prebronchodilator value showed a significant negative correlation with percentage expiratory volume ‑851 to ‑950 HU voxels and percentage expiratory volume ‑851 to ‑1024 HU voxels. Specific IgE antibody level showed a significant positive correlation with bronchiectasis score. Asthma severity, specific IgE level, and MEF values showed a good correlation with HRCT findings. The restrictive pattern is common on spirometry in patients of ABPA. In addition to central bronchiectasis, peripheral bronchial and small airway involvement was an important finding in ABPA. Expiratory HRCT may reveal air trapping in patients having no abnormality on inspiratory CT.
5 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref
HIWALE S, FIRTION C
037259 HIWALE S, FIRTION C (Philips Innovation Campus, Bengaluru- 560 045, Karnataka, Email: sujit_hiwale@outlook.com) : Analysis of factors influencing accuracy of ultrasound-based fetal weight estimation. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 156-62.
The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal age, parity, gestational age, fetal gender, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy‑induced hypertension on the accuracy of ultrasonography‑based fetal weight estimation. The secondary objective was to find the impact of a formula selection on the accuracy of fetal weight estimation. The inclusion criteria were a live‑birth singleton pregnancy and the last ultrasound scan to delivery interval ≤7 days. Fetal weight was estimated using the Hadlock‑4 formula. To study the concurrent impact of all the factors on the accuracy, cases were divided into two subcategories based on percentage error, with ±10 % as a threshold. The accuracy of Hadlock‑4 formula was compared with the two Indian population‑based formulas, Hiwale‑1 and Hiwale‑2. In total, 184 cases were included in the study. It was observed that the systematic error in weight estimation was significantly less in the male fetuses (8.45 ± 9.34 %) in comparison to the female fetuses (11.71 ± 10.34 %). The combined impact of all the factors on the accuracy was found to be nonsignificant by the multivariate analysis. The Hiwale‑1 (‑0.59 ± 8.75 %) and Hiwale‑2 (‑0.65 ± 8.7 %) formulas had statistically significant less errors compared to the Hadlock‑4 formula (11.67 ± 7.95 %). All the studied clinical factors were found to have a limited impact on the overall accuracy of fetal weight estimation. However, the formula selection was found to have a significant impact on the accuracy, with the native population‑based formulas being significantly more accurate.
2 illus, 6 tables, 28 ref
AGGARWAL N, SHARMA G L
037258 AGGARWAL N, SHARMA G L (Anatomy Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjab, Email: navita22a@gmail.com) : Fetal ultrasound parameters: Reference values for a local perspective. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 149-55.
Fetal biometry, with the help of ultrasonography (USG) provides the most reliable and important information about fetal growth and well‑being. Frequently used parameters for fetal measurements by this method are the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). These fetal dimensions depend upon the racial demographic characteristics, nutrition, genetics and many more environmental factors of a particular population. The purpose of the present investigation was to define and analyze these fetal biometric parameters in our local population and to compare them with the given norms. This cross‑sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted on a total of 425 fetuses with a period of gestation between 18 to 38 weeks. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate the mean with standard deviation and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for each fetal parameter in each gestational week. Mean of BPD and FL in our population are similar to the mean values given by Hadlock throughout the pregnancy, except near the end of the third trimester where our population shows a slightly lower range of mean values. HC and AC fall below the lower range of Hadlock as early as 24 weeks of pregnancy. Fetal biometric parameters in the studied population are at the lower range of established nomograms by Hadlock on white fetuses, more so with the progression of pregnancy.
2 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref
BHAGAT A C, KUMAR J, GARG A, PRAKASH A, MEHER R, ARYA S
037257 BHAGAT A C, KUMAR J, GARG A, PRAKASH A, MEHER R, ARYA S (Radiodiagnosis Dep, Maulana Azad Medical Coll, New Delhi- 110 002, Email: drjyotikumar@gmail.com) : Imaging in congenital inner ear malformations—An algorithmic approach. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 139-48.
Malformations of the inner ear are an important cause of congenital deaf‑mutism. Arrest in embryologic development of inner ear during various stages gives rise to the variety of malformations encountered. Current treatment options include hearing aids, cochlear implants, and auditory brainstem implants (ABI). With the advent of cochlear implant surgery and ABI, decent functional outcomes can be obtained provided such cases are diagnosed correctly and timely. To that end, high‑resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has a fundamental role in the assessment of these conditions, ably supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the imaging features of inner ear anomalies in children with congenital deaf‑mutism as per the latest terminology and classification and provide an algorithmic approach for their diagnosis.
20 illus, 16 ref
REDDY R
037256 REDDY R (Radiology Dep, Holy Family Hospital, Thodupuzha? 685 605, Kerala, Email: ravikanthreddy06@gmail.com) : MR evaluation of tongue carcinoma in the assessment of depth of invasion with histopathological correlation: A single center experience. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 126-38.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the cornerstone for pretreatment evaluation of carcinoma tongue and provides accurate information regarding the extent of the lesion and depth of invasion that helps the clinician to optimize treatment strategy. Aim of the study is to correlate MRI and histopathological findings, to evaluate the role of MRI in loco‑regional tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, and to assess the depth of invasion of tongue carcinoma. This study was undertaken on 30 patients with clinical diagnosis of tongue carcinoma referred for MR imaging at a tertiary care hospital over the 2‑year period between July 2017 and June 2019. MRI was performed with GE 1.5 Tesla scanner, neurovascular (NV) array coil. Clinical and MRI staging of tongue carcinoma was done preoperatively and correlated. Post‑surgery, histopathological TNM staging was done and correlated with clinical and MRI TNM staging.The cutoff value of histopathological (HP) depth that could determine the existence of nodal metastasis was 5 mm. In 30 patients diagnosed with tongue carcinoma, the incidence was higher in males (92 %). Moderate agreement (k = 0.512) was noted for T staging between clinical and MRI staging assessments. Fair agreement (k = 0.218) was noted for N stage between clinical and MRI staging assessments. There was good agreement (k = 0.871) for M stage between the clinical and MRI staging assessments. Good agreement (k = 0.822 and k = 0.767, respectively) was noted for both T staging and Nstaging between MRI and histopathology staging assessments. The agreement for the T stage was poor (k = 0.012) between the clinical and histopathology staging assessments. Agreement for the N stage was also poor (k = 0.091) between the clinical and histopathology staging assessments. Mean depth of invasion by histology and MRI was 14.22 mm and 16.12 mm, respectively. Moderate agreement (k = 0.541) was noted between clinical and pathological tumor depth and good agreement (k = 0.844) was noted between radiological and pathological tumor depth. As for the T1WGd MRI depth with a cutoff value of 5 mm, the nodal metastasis rate in the group with values >5 mm was 52 %, and for those <5 mm was 24 %, both of which were significantly different (P = 0.040). Pearson’s correlation coefficient of HP depth and T1WGd MRI depth was 0.851 (P < 0.001) suggesting that HP depth shows a strong correlation with T1WGd MRI depth. MRI is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of tongue carcinoma as MRI helps in accurate staging of the tumor using TNM classification which is crucial for optimizing treatment options. The current study shows a high correlation between MRI and histopathological findings regarding thickness of tumor and depth of invasion. MRI and histopathology assessments of tumor spread were equivalent to within 0.5 mm DOI. Estimation of invasion depth using MRI as a preoperative study in oral tongue carcinoma is essential in planning surgical treatment strategies such as the extent of elective neck dissection. Invasion depth, which greatly affects occult node metastases, must be included in the TNM staging of oral tongue carcinoma.
20 illus, 13 tables, 36 ref
GEETHAPRIYA S, GOVINDARAJ J, RAGHAVAN B, RAMAKRISHNAN B, ARAFATH R, VISHWANATHAN S, KRISHNA M
037255 GEETHAPRIYA S, GOVINDARAJ J, RAGHAVAN B, RAMAKRISHNAN B, ARAFATH R, VISHWANATHAN S, KRISHNA M (Radiology Dep, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai-35, Tamil Nadu, Email: geethadspriya@gmail.com) : Cranial nerve schwannoma – A pictorial essay. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 116-25.
Schwannomas are peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from cranial, spinal or peripheral nerves. Most of the schwannomas are benign with the rare possibility of malignant transformation. Cranial nerve schwannomas can be seen along the course of any cranial nerve in the intracranial region or head and neck location. Although a majority are solitary sporadic lesions, multiple schwannomas can be seen in syndromes like neurofibromatosis type 2 and rarely in type 1. Since intracranial schwannomas are slow‑growing, clinical presentation varies between no symptoms to cranial nerve palsy. Most of the times, the symptoms are due to mass effect over the adjacent structures, foraminal widening, compression of other cranial nerves, denervation injury or hydrocephalus. Familiarity with the course of the cranial nerves, imaging appearances and clinical presentation of schwannomas helps in accurate diagnosis and possible differential diagnosis, especially in uncommon clinical and radiological appearances. In this pictorial review, we illustrate relevant anatomy of cranial nerves, imaging features of schwannomas of most of the cranial nerves, clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
19 illus, 23 ref
CHACKO A, VEDAJALLAM S, ANDRONIKOU S, SIMPSON E, THAI N J
037254 CHACKO A, VEDAJALLAM S, ANDRONIKOU S, SIMPSON E, THAI N J (Bristol Univ, United Kingdom, Email: anithchacko@gmail.com) : Accuracy of radiologists, nonradiologists, and laypeople for identifying children with cerebral cortical atrophy from “Mercator map” curved reconstructions of MRIs of the brain. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 111-5.
Using text reports to communicate bilateral, symmetric, and zonal cortical brain atrophy in children with term hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) to parents and legal professionals contesting compensation rights can be difficult. Using standard cross‑sectional images for explaining bilateral, regional brain imaging to laypeople is also challenging. A single flattened image of the brain surface, much like a map of the earth is derived from a globe, can be generated from curved reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, i.e., a Mercator map. Laypeople’s ability to identify abnormal “Mercator brain maps,” without prior training, requires evaluation before use in nonmedical settings. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of laypeople in detecting abnormal pediatric Mercator flat‑earth maps of the brain, without prior training. 10 Mercator brain maps were provided to 111 participants individually. The maps comprised 5 HII, 1 cortical dysplasia, and 4 normal cases. Participants were required to identify the abnormal scans. Sensitivity and specificity overall and for participants’ subgroups were calculated. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 67 % and 80 %, respectively. General radiologists (n = 12) had sensitivity and specificity of 91.2 % and 94.6 %, respectively. Laypeople (n = 54) had a sensitivity of 67 % and specificity of 80 %. The high specificity and sensitivity of radiologists validated the technique for distinguishing abnormal scans, regarding cortical pathology. High specificity of laypeople for identifying abnormal brains using Mercator maps indicates that this is a viable communication tool for demonstrating cortical MRI abnormalities of HII in children to laypersons.
3 illus, 9 ref
THAKER S, BOTCHU R, GUPTA H
037253 THAKER S, BOTCHU R, GUPTA H (Musculoskeletal Radiology Dep, The Royal Orthopedic Hospital, UK, Email: drbrajesh@yahoo.com) : Insights into obtaining FRCR and beyond: Obstacles, opportunities and post?relocation dilemma – An Indian perspective. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 70-6.
Indian radiology trainees and radiologists are interested to have FRCR (Fellow of the Royal College of Radiologists) qualification for various reasons including academic career progression, subspecialty interest and other socioeconomic factors. The path for acquiring FRCR qualification is adventurous yet onerous and exhausting. Perseverance, meticulous planning and clarity in the vision are essential prerequisites for an Indian graduate aiming to complete FRCR qualification, and one may require to invest an average of 1.5–2 years even if there is no reattempt in this tripartite examination. Indian doctors including radiologists are considered amongst the finest across global medical fraternities. However, the Indian medical education is skewed and variably distributed over the subcontinent due to organisational inability to provide single radiology curriculum‑based education to all radiology training programmes. Parallel educational boards and a variety of institutions such as government, trust‑funded and private organisations provide radiology training to further complicate the grand picture of radiology education in India. Conversely, UK radiology education is uniform nationally and rigorously enforced by deaneries based upon state‑provided guidelines. UK training opportunities are essentially academically rewarding experience but they require herculean efforts to gain access to one. One should constantly focus on building a resume at par with that of a UK trainee by obtaining experience required to fulfil checklist for such opportunities. Alongwith addressing local (UK) competition thoughtfully, hard work, diligence, and high standards of work ethics are absolute musts to build a great resume, to obtain training opportunity and, in turn, to satisfy the ultimate goal of carrier advancement.
1 table, 6 ref
SHAFIEE M, RASHIDFAR R, ABDOLMOHAMMADI J, BORZOUEISILEH S, SALEHI Z, DASHTIAN K
037252 SHAFIEE M, RASHIDFAR R, ABDOLMOHAMMADI J, BORZOUEISILEH S, SALEHI Z, DASHTIAN K (Radiation Sciences Dep, Yasuj Univ of Medical Sciences, Iran, Email: z.salehi@yums.ac.ir) : A study to assess the knowledge and practice of medical professionals on radiation protection in interventional radiology. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 64-9.
Ionizing radiation has been extensively used in medical procedures throughout the world. Such interventional radiological procedures could result in occupational exposure that needs urgent control. Therefore, MPs (medical professionals) should receive education and appropriate training on occupational radiation protection. In this context, the present study is aimed to investigate the MPs’ knowledge and practice regarding radiation protection principles during interventional radiological procedures. A descriptive questionnaire‑based study was carried out among 215 MPs involved in interventional fluoroscopy procedures. The practice of 31 MPs was studied using a checklist based on ALARA principles and ICRP guidelines. Results: A total of 43.3 % and 45.1 % answered correctly for knowledge and practice. However, the difference between radiation protection knowledge and practice between the physicians and nurses was statistically significant. The knowledge and practice survey of MPs demonstrated that nurses rarely adhered to radiation‑protection measures.The present study reflects the lack of knowledge and practice concerning radiation protection concepts among the nurses. This deficiency needs to be resolved by periodic practical radiation protection courses in the curriculum of medicine.
1 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref
YADAV H, KHANDURI S, YADAV P, PANDEY S, YADAV V K, KHAN S
037251 YADAV H, KHANDURI S, YADAV P, PANDEY S, YADAV V K, KHAN S (Radiodiagnosis Dep, Era’s Lucknow Medical Coll, Lucknow- 226 003, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drsachinrad@gmail.com) : Diagnostic accuracy of dual energy CT in the assessment of traumatic bone marrow edema of lower limb and its correlation with MRI. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 59-63.
Bone marrow edema is assumed to be caused as a result of trabecular microfractures that are detected by MRI. As MRI is not widely available in countries like India, this study aims to encourage the use of DECT in detection of bone edema as evidence with comparable efficiency to MRI. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of dual‑energy CT in detecting bone marrow edema in patients of trauma of lower limb and correlate it with MRI. It is a cross‑sectional study. The study included 40 patients of age 15–70 years irrespective of sex. All the patients of lower extremity trauma underwent DECT and MRI evaluation after clinical evaluation. All the images were postprocessed on a work station and were further evaluated by a radiologist. Mean attenuation at fractured site observed by Dual energy CT was found to be significantly higher as compared to that at adjacent site (170.75 ± 33.99 vs. 19.73 ± 22.50 HU). The sensitivity and specificity of dual energy CT as compared to MRI in detecting bone marrow edema were 94.1 % and 91.3 %, respectively. Of the 40 cases enrolled in the study, agreement of MRI and Dual energy CT was observed in 37 (92.5 %). Dual energy CT can be an effective alternative to MRI in the detection of bone marrow edema in patients of lower limb trauma. Dual energy CT can also be used in patients in whom MRI is contraindicated.
3 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref
RATNAPARKHI C R, BAYASKAR M V, DHOK A P, BHENDE V
037250 RATNAPARKHI C R, BAYASKAR M V, DHOK A P, BHENDE V (Radiodiagnosis and Imaging Dep, LMH, Nagpur ? 440 025, Maharashtra, Email: madhura29.mb@gmail.com) : Utility of doppler ultrasound in early?onset neonatal sepsis. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 52-8.
Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns. As there is paucity of literature regarding early alteration of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in neonatal sepsis our study aims to evaluate the changes in the CBF velocities and Doppler indices in neonates with early‑onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and to evaluate the predictive accuracy of cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) by using ultrasound Doppler as a diagnostic marker of EONS. This cross‑sectional analytical study was conducted over a period of 2 years with 123 neonates enrolled in the study. The neonates were divided into two groups: Group I (with 54 neonates) ‑ neonates with EONS and group II (with 69 neonates) ‑ age‑matched neonates without any signs of sepsis. Ultrasound Doppler examination was performed and the cerebral hemodynamics assessed in neonates during the first seventy two hours of life. Doppler indices and CBFV were measured in the internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and vertebral artery (VA) of either side. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were calculated at different selected cutoff values for CBFV parameters. Lower resistance and higher peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity have been documented in neonates with EONS.Our study shows that the cerebral hemodynamics in neonates with EONS is altered which can be assessed bedside by noninvasive ultrasound Doppler examination.
8 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref
HUSSAIN I Z, ZAKI F M, MUKARI S A, PAUZI S H, LOH C, ALIAS H
037249 HUSSAIN I Z, ZAKI F M, MUKARI S A, PAUZI S H, LOH C, ALIAS H (Radiology Dep, Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Univ, Malaysia, Email: faizahbangi@yahoo.co.uk) : Correlation between MRI characteristics of medulloblastoma with histopathological subtypes and 2?year survival. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 46-51.
The objective of this study is to describe the imaging features of medulloblastoma (MB) and correlate the MR characteristics with the different histological subtype of MB with 2‑year survival. This is a retrospective descriptive study. A total of 29 patients diagnosed with MB from January 2005 to December 2015 were included in this study. The MRI brain and spine studies of these patients were retrieved and reviewed by a pediatric radiologist and a neuroradiologist independently, both blinded from the histological type of the MB. The HPE slides were also retrieved and reviewed by a pathologist. 80 % of desmoplastic MB showed the presence of intracranial leptomeningeal seeding and 57.1% of anaplastic MB showed the presence of necrosis. The presence of intracranial leptomeningeal seeding (P = 0.002) and necrosis (P = 0.019) was predictive of the histological subtypes. There is a significant correlation between the enhancement pattern and the 2‑year outcome (P = 0.03) with 6 out of 8 patients whose tumors showed minimal enhancement having disease progression within 2 years. A significant correlation was also seen between the presence of necrosis with a poorer outcome (P = 0.03) and between the HPE subtype and 2‑year outcome (P = 0.03) with anaplastic MB having the poorest prognosis. MR imaging features of intracranial leptomeningeal seeding and the presence of necrosis were correlated with a specific histologic subtype of MB. The enhancement pattern as well as necrosis correlated with 2‑year poorer outcome of the disease.
3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref
GROVER S B, ANTIL N, KATYAN A, RAJANI H, GROVER H, MITTAL P, PRASAD S
037248 GROVER S B, ANTIL N, KATYAN A, RAJANI H, GROVER H, MITTAL P, PRASAD S (Radiology and Imaging Dep, Vardhman Mahavir Medical Coll and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi? 110 019, Email: shabnamgrover@yahoo.com) : Niche role of MRI in the evaluation of female infertility. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 32-45.
Infertility is a major social and clinical problem affecting 13–15 % of couples worldwide. The pelvic causes of female infertility are categorized as ovarian disorders, tubal, peritubal disorders, and uterine disorders. Appropriate selection of an imaging modality is essential to accurately diagnose the aetiology of infertlity, since the imaging diagnosis directs the appropriate treatment to be instituted. Imaging evaluation begins with hystero‑ salpingography (HSG), to evaluate fallopian tube patency. Uterine filling defects and contour abnormalities may be discovered at HSG but usually require further characterization with pelvic ultrasound (US), sono‑hysterography (syn: hystero‑sonography/saline infusion sonography) or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when US remains inconclusive. The major limitation of hysterographic US, is its inability to visualize extraluminal pathologies, which are better evaluated by pelvic US and MRI. Although pelvic US is a valuable modality in diagnosing entities comprising the garden variety, however, extensive pelvic inflammatory disease, complex tubo-ovarian pathologies, deep‑seated endometriosis deposits with its related complications, Mulllerian duct anomalies, uterine synechiae and adenomyosis, often remain unresolved by both transabdominal and transvaginal US. Thus, MRI comes to the rescue and has a niche role in resolving complex adnexal masses, endometriosis, and Mullerian duct anomalies with greater ease. This is a review, based on the authors’ experience at tertiary care teaching hospitals and aims to provide an imaging approach towards the abnormalities which are not definitively diagnosed by ultrasound alone.
16 illus, 29 ref
SHARMA L K, BINDAL J, SHRIVASTAVA V A , SHARMA M, CHOORAKUTTIL R M, NIRMALAN P K
037247 SHARMA L K, BINDAL J, SHRIVASTAVA V A , SHARMA M, CHOORAKUTTIL R M, NIRMALAN P K (Woman and Child Development Dep, Raj Sonography and X?Ray Clinic, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drlksharma_guna@yahoo.co.in) : Discordant dating of pregnancy by LMP and ultrasound and its implications in perinatal statistics. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 27-31.
High perinatal mortality in India may be caused by inaccurate dating of pregnancy resulting from suboptimal uptake of antenatal care and ultrasound services during pregnancy. To determine the discrepancy in the last menstrual period (LMP) assigned expected date of delivery (EDD) and ultrasound assigned EDD in pregnant women in a rural district of central India. Data from an ongoing cross‑sectional screening program providing fetal radiology imaging in Guna district of Madhya Pradesh from 2012–2019 was analyzed for recall of LMP and discordance between LMP and ultrasound assigned EDD. The discrepancy was present when EDD assigned by ultrasound differed by 3 or more days at gestational ages less than 8+6 weeks, 5–7 days at gestational ages 8+6 weeks till 14 weeks, and 7–10 days at gestational ages 14–20 weeks. The program screened 14,701 pregnant women of which 4,683 (31.86 %, 95 % CI: 31.11, 32.61) could not recall LMP. EDD assigned by LMP and ultrasound matched in 7,035 (70.22 %, 95 % CI: 69.32, 71.12) of the remaining 10,018 pregnant women. EDD was overestimated by LMP for 26.06 % (95 % CI: 25.21, 26.93) women; these foetuses were at risk of being misclassified as a term fetus. In 2018, the project had no maternal deaths, infant mortality rate of 24.7, low birth weight rate of 9.69 %, and 100 % antenatal coverage. Conclusion: Accurate dating of pregnancy and systematic follow‑up integrating radiology imaging and obstetrics care for appropriate risk‑based management of pregnant women can significantly improve perinatal statistics of India.
3 tables, 31 ref
DHAMIJA E, MEENA P, RAMALINGAM V, SAHOO R, RASTOGI S, THULKAR S
037246 DHAMIJA E, MEENA P, RAMALINGAM V, SAHOO R, RASTOGI S, THULKAR S (Radiodiagnosis Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Email: drektadhamija.aiims@gmail.com) : Chemotherapy?induced pulmonary complications in cancer: Significance of clinicoradiological correlation. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 20-6.
Chemotherapy while revolutionizing cancer management by improving survival and quality of life; is also associated with several adverse effects. Lung is the most common organ affected in chemotherapy‑related complications, due to either drug toxicity or more commonly due to infections caused by immunosuppression and less commonly due to immune‑mediated injury. Radiology, when used in combination with clinical and lab data, can help reach the specific diagnosis or narrow down the differentials. The common radiological patterns of drug toxicity include pulmonary interstitial and airway infiltrates, diffuse alveolar damage, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, edema and hypertension. Cancer patients are immunosuppressed due to the underlying malignancy itself or due to therapy and are prone to a gamut of opportunistic infections including viral, bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial pathogens. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), a well‑known complication in HIV, is now being increasingly recognized in non‑HIV patients with immunosuppression. Engraftment syndrome is specifically seen following hematopoietic stem cell transplant during neutrophil recovery phase. Pulmonary involvement is frequent, causing a radiological picture of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Thus, radiology in combination with clinical background and lab parameters helps in detecting and differentiating various causes of pulmonary complications. This approach can help alter potentially toxic treatment and initiate early treatment depending on the diagnosis.
7 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref
RUPA R, THUSHARA R, SWATHIGHA S, ATHIRA R, MEENA N, CHERIAN M P
037245 RUPA R, THUSHARA R, SWATHIGHA S, ATHIRA R, MEENA N, CHERIAN M P (Radiology Services Dep, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore? 641 014, Tamil Nadu, Email: dr.mathewcherian@gmail.com) : Diffusion weighted imaging in breast cancer – Can it be a noninvasive predictor of nuclear grade?. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 13-9.
DWI and ADC values are noninvasive MRI techniques, which provide quantitative information about tumor heterogeneity. To determine the minimum and mean ADC values in breast carcinoma and to correlate ADC values with various prognostic factors. Prospective observational study. Fifty‑five patients with biopsy‑proven breast carcinoma were included in this study. MRI with DWI was performed with Siemens 3T Skyra scanner. ADC values were measured by placing regions of interest (ROIs) within the targeted lesions on ADC maps manually. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of surgical specimen was done to determine the prognostic factors. Students T test and ANOVA were used to study the difference in ADC between two groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to quantify the correlation between ADC values and prognostic factors. Lower grade (grade I) breast carcinoma had a significantly high ADC value as compared to higher grade carcinoma (grade II and III). For differentiating Grade I tumors from grade II and III, a minimum ADC cut‑off value was 0.79 × 10‑3 mm2/sec (83 % sensitivity and 84 % specificity) and a mean ADC cut‑off value was 0.82 × 10‑3 mm2/sec (83 % sensitivity and 71 % specificity) was derived. There was no significant correlation between ADC and other prognostic factors. Conclusion: ADC values can be used to differentiate lower grade breast carcinoma (grade I) from higher grades (grade II and III). Minimum ADC values are more accurate in predicting the grade of the breast tumor than mean ADC value.
7 illus, 1 table, 31 ref
GUPTA N, MAHAJAN S, SUMANKUMAR A, SAKLANI A, ENGINEER R, BAHETI A D
037244 GUPTA N, MAHAJAN S, SUMANKUMAR A, SAKLANI A, ENGINEER R, BAHETI A D (Radio Diagnosis Dep, Tata Memorial Hospital, Maharashtra, Email: akshaybaheti@gmail.com) : Impact of a standardized reporting format on the quality of MRI reports for rectal cancer staging. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020, 30(1), 7-12.
Besides providing a surgical roadmap, rectal MRI plays a major role in treatment planning. We recently started using a structured template for reporting rectal cancer via MRI. We study the impact of using this template at our hospital in terms of number of essential imaging parameters described in the reports as compared to the pre‑template free‑text reports. A structured rectal MRI reporting template was created in consensus with members of the colorectal tumour board and was introduced in the department, which included 14 essential parameters to be mentioned in the reports. We conducted a retrospective analysis of rectal MRI reports of 100 cases with histologically proven rectal cancer, comprising 50 consecutive free‑text reports before the template was introduced and 50 consecutive structured reports after its introduction, checking for the presence or absence of inclusion of the 14 parameters. An anonymous online feedback survey was conducted as well after the introduction of the template for the members of the colorectal tumour board. Overall, the total number of parameters reported increased from a median value of 10 (range 6‑13) to 14 (range 12‑14). The common unreported parameters prior to template introduction included T staging, presence or absence of restricted diffusion, anterior peritoneal reflection (APR) involvement, and presence or absence of extramural vascular invasion; these were reported in 16 %, 22 %, 30 % and 50 % respectively. These improved to 98‑100 % reporting after template introduction. Maximum improvement was in T staging (16 % to 98 %) (P < 0.0001), restricted diffusion on DWI (from 22 % to 100%) (P < 0.0001) and APR involvement (from 30 % to 100 %) (P < 0.0001). The most common unreported parameter after template introduction was the “tumoral T2 signal intensity” (unreported in 4 % cases). The results of the survey were as follows: 100 % felt a decreased need to talk to the radiologist to clarify the report, 81.8 % felt an improvement in the quality of reporting as compared to free style reports, and 91 % felt that the new template is easier to interpret. The introduction of a structured template for rectal cancer significantly improved the quality of rectal MRI reports, along with the satisfaction of referring providers.
8 illus, 1 table, 12 ref
GAUTAM D, SINGH D, KUMAR A, PATRA S K, AHIRWAR M K
037243 GAUTAM D, SINGH D, KUMAR A, PATRA S K, AHIRWAR M K (Animal Husbandary Dep, Veterinary Hospital Khannaudhi, Madhya Pradesh, Email: gautamdeepesh87@gmail.com) : Successful retrieval of fish hook from indian flap-shelled turtle (Lissemys punctata) via intra-oral approach. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 75-6.
Lissemys punctata, an Indian flap-shelled turtle is a fresh water species found widespread and common in South Asia. Injuries due to entangled fish hook is the most common affection reported in these species (Balazs and Poley, 1993). Because fresh water turtles are opportunistic scavengers and also take live prey, they are most likely vulnerable to capture with baited hooks set to catch fish (Howey and Dinkelacker, 2013). The present case report discusses the retrieval and management of an entangled fish hook in an Indian flap-shelled turtle.
4 illus, 5 ref
SINGH B, SINGH K P, KUMAR R, SINGH S V, HUSAIN S
037242 SINGH B, SINGH K P, KUMAR R, SINGH S V, HUSAIN S (Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dep, Acharya Narendra Dev Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj-224 229, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drbsvet@gmail.com) : Postpartum uterine prolapse in a goat and its successful management. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 73-4.
Postpartum uterine prolapse occurs in all animal species. It is most common in cows and ewe, less common in the doe and rare in the mare. It is an eversion of the uterus, which turns inside out as it passes through the vagina. Prolapse of uterus generally occurs immediately after or a few hours of parturition when the cervix is open, and the uterus lacks tone (Hanie, 2006). The prolapse is visible as a large mass protruding from the vulva, often hanging down below the animal’s hock. The etiology of uterine prolapse is not yet fully known. Hormonal imbalance, hypocalcemia, mineral imbalances, injuries or stretching of birth passage, excessive traction at assisted parturition, dystocia or forceful removal of fetal membranes may contribute to the occurrence of prolapse (Hanie, 2006; Jackson, 2004). Animals with uterine prolapse should be treated promptly; otherwise, it may lead to edema, ischemia, laceration, internal hemorrhage (Noakes et al., 2001), prostration, and shock making prognosis poor to hopeless. The success of treatment depends on the type of case, the degree of damage, and contamination. The present case highlights the successful management of postpartum uterine prolapse in a goat.
1 illus, 8 ref
BORAKHATARIYA D N, RAVAL R J, VALA K B, CHAVDA B P, PRAJAPATI S G
037241 BORAKHATARIYA D N, RAVAL R J, VALA K B, CHAVDA B P, PRAJAPATI S G (Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh, Email: devasee94@gmail.com) : Congenital hydrocephalic monster in an indigenous gir calf. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 69-70.
There are several types of fetal dropsy (fetal ascites, fetal anasarca, fetal hydrocephalus), which have obstetrical importance preventing normal easy delivery of calf. Hydrocephalus is one of the fetal causes of dystocia. It is characterized by an accumulation of fluid which may be in the ventricular system or between the brain and the subarachnoid space. The swelling or enlargement of cranium occurs as a result of an imbalance between formation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (Arthur et al., 2001). This congenital dropsical condition is associated with an autosomal recessive gene, whereas some cases are due to BVD-MD or bluetongue virus infection in bovine (Roberts, 1986). Though this dropsical condition is rare in Gir cattle, it is reported in many other species (Dhami et al., 2007; Kumar et al., 2010; Parmar et al., 2018). The present case report depicts an unusual instance of hydrocephalic monster in an indigenous Gir calf, causing dystocia, which was successfully managed by per vaginum
1 illus, 6 ref
ASHOO, VERMA H C, SINGH R K, KUMAR R, RAMAKANT, DIWAKAR R P
037241 ASHOO, VERMA H C, SINGH R K, KUMAR R, RAMAKANT, DIWAKAR R P (Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education Dep, ANDUAT, UP-224229, Email: drhukumchandraverma@gmail.com) : Incidence of reproductive disorders in cattle and buffalo under field conditions in eastern plain zone of Uttar pradesh. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 66-8.
This study was conducted in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh on reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes under field conditions. The information was generated from 120 farmers, 20 farmers from each of six selected villages, who had at least one milking dairy animal at the time of the investigation. The information was generated regarding reproductive disorders of indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle, and buffalo due to improper feeding, breeding, and healthcare management practices and was analyzed to explore the incidence rate of reproductive disorders faced by dairy farmers in three categories of animals. The overall incidence rate of reproductive disorders among indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle, and buffalo in the area surveyed revealed maximum incidence in buffalo (76.05 %) and minimum in indigenous cattle (48.77 %), the crossbreds being intermediate (72.62 %). Late maturity was the major problem in indigenous cattle and anoestrus in buffalo. The incidence of repeat breeding was the highest in crossbred cattle. Dystocia, prolapse and stillbirth were more in buffaloes, while abortion, RFM, and uterine infections were more in crossbred cattle. Reproductive disorders like dystocia, prolapse, abortion and stillbirth were mostly treated by veterinarians; however, remaining reproductive disorders like anoestrus, repeat breeding, uterine infection etc. were treated by dairy farmers and quacks through their own experiences by using different type of indigenous technical knowledge. There is a need to create awareness about scientific animal husbandry practices among dairy farmers of the region studied.
1 table, 14 ref
KANNADHASAN M S, CHANDER M, BARDHAN D
037240 KANNADHASAN M S, CHANDER M, BARDHAN D (Extension Education Div, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drmahesh.chander@gmail.com) : Migratory sheep farming practices in cauvery delta zone in Tamil nadu. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 62-5.
Migratory sheep, due to its movement, poses threat of spreading diseases among small ruminants. Considering this, the study was carried out to identify the focus area of extension intervention among the migratory sheep farmers to disseminate scientifically recommended practices which minimize disease risk and enhance flock health. The study was conducted following ex post fact research design at Venganur village, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, data were personally collected from 30 migratory sheep farmers who were selected purposively. The findings were subjected to focussed group interview involving seven farmers. The results envisaged a wider difference among the farmers from 100 per cent non-adoption of balanced ration to 100.00 per cent adoption of deworming. Therefore, extension interventions need to be intensified to educate the farmers on technologies which help in disease prevention and control.
2 tables, 4 ref
PANDYA N R, MANDALI G C, DAVE K M, RAVAL S K
037239 PANDYA N R, MANDALI G C, DAVE K M, RAVAL S K (Veterinary Medicine Dep, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand- 388 001, Email: nidhipandya596@gmail.com) : Epidemiology and haemato-biochemical changes in mange infested camels. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 58-61.
Mange in camel, also named as sarcopticosis is defined as an extremely contagious skin disease characterized by scab formation, pruritic dermatitis, thickening and corrugation of skin and hair loss. A total of 21 positive cases of mange infestation were selected from those presented at the Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College, in Anand and from surrounding villages. The affected camels were divided into 3 groups, viz., B, C, D each group comprised of 7 camels, while seven healthy camels in group A served as control. The maximum prevalence of sarcoptic mange among infected animals was found in the age group of >6 years (52.38 %), followed by 4-6 years (38.09 %) and in <3 years age groups (9.52 %), and also in females than the males (85.71 vs 14.29 %). The levels of haematological values, viz., haemoglobin, total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume, neutrophils, basophils, MCV and MCH were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, whereas the total leukocytes count, lymphocytes and eosinophils were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in mange affected camel as compared to healthy ones. The biochemical constituents, viz., total serum protein, alanine aminotransferase and zinc concentrations were found significantly (p < 0.05) lower. In contrast, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and copper concentrations were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in mange affected camels. The changes reflected that the mange infestation causes hepatocellular and renal damage, apart from general stress to the camel.
4 tables, 15 ref
JANMEDA M, PANDYA G, RAMANI U, BRAHMKSHTRI B, PATEL N, KHARADI V
037238 JANMEDA M, PANDYA G, RAMANI U, BRAHMKSHTRI B, PATEL N, KHARADI V (Animal Genetics and Breeding Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Gujarat, Email: mamtajanmeda@nau.in) : Relative gene expression study on casein protein and its regulatory genes in mammary epithelial cells of surti goat. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 54-7.
This investigation was carried out to study the relative gene expression of casein proteins and its regulatory genes in mammary epithelial cells of Surti goats at 30 and 90 days interval postpartum. 10 healthy Surti goats were selected from Livestock Research Station, Navsari. The non-invasive method was used for the isolation of Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) from goat milk samples. The relative gene expression of CSN1S1 (αs1-casein), CSN1S2 (αs2-casein), CSN2 (β-casein), CSN3 (κ-casein) and its regulatory genes C/EBP and STAT5A genes and KRT14 (epithelial cell marker) gene were studied in MEC. The relative gene expression of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN3 and C/EBP genes were significantly up-regulated with the advancement of lactation at 90 days postpartum. The relative gene expression of CSN2 was highly significant and had a positive correlation with its regulatory genes C/EBP and STAT5A at 30 days and 90 days, respectively. The relative gene expression of CSN1S2, CSN3, and C/EBP genes was positively correlated with protein percent at 30 days and 90 days postpartum in Surti goats.
7 tables, 21 ref
POTDAR V V, KHADSE J R, JOSHI S, SWAMINATHAN M
037237 POTDAR V V, KHADSE J R, JOSHI S, SWAMINATHAN M (BAIF Development Research Foundation, Maharashtra, Email: vinod.potdar@baif.org.in) : Factors affecting conception rate in ai bred cattle under field conditions of Maharashtra. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 49-53.
Data on 98336 artificial inseminations (AI) performed during 6 years (January 2010 to November 2015) on 56037 field animals owned by 29097 farmers’ from 44 cattle development centres spread across two districts of Maharashtra state were collected and analyzed. Whole data set was classified according to districts (Beed, Jalgaon), economic status of farmers (APL, BPL), animal breed (HF cross, Indigenous, Jersey cross, Non-descript), parity of animal (heifer, first, second, third, fourth, fifth calvers), animal body condition score (no rib exposed, one rib exposed, two ribs exposed, three ribs exposed), heat stage (early, mid, late), season of AI (rainy-June to September, winter-October to January, summer-February to May), bull breed used for AI ( HF, HF crossbreed, Jersey, Jersey crossbreed, Indigenous), AI sequence number (1,2,3) and AI Year (2010 to 2015). Least square analysis was used to compute conception rate. The results revealed overall mean conception rate as 46.2 ± 0.51 % and it was significantly (p<0.01) higher in Beed district, Jersey crossbreed animals, animals having fourth parity, animals exhibiting one rib exposed, early heat and animals inseminated with Indigenous breed bulls semen, first AI sequence number and during the year 2015 compared with respective groups of parameters under study. However, effect of season of AI and economic condition of farmers did not affect conception rate in animals under field conditions of Maharashtra.
11 tables, 18 ref
MONTSHO T T, MOREKI J C, TSOPITO C M, NSOSO S J
037236 MONTSHO T T, MOREKI J C, TSOPITO C M, NSOSO S J (Animal Science and Production Dep, BotswanaUniv of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Email: jcmoreki@gmail.com) : Effect of weaning age on carcass characteristics of crossbred piglets reared under intensive system and slaughtered at 70 kilogram body weight. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 44-8.
This study investigated the effect of weaning age on carcass characteristics of crossbred piglets reared up to 70 kg body weight (BW) under intensive system. A total of 24 piglets were used in a completely randomized design. The experiment comprised three treatments: piglets weaned at 21, 28, and 35 days of age with four replicates each with two piglets (castrate and female). At 70 kg BW two piglets (castrate and female) were randomly selected from each replicate and sacrificed for carcass evaluation. Hot carcass weight (HCW) was measured and thereafter dressing out percentage was calculated. Carcasses were chilled at 7 0C for 24 hours to determine cold dressed weight (CDW). Carcasses were cut into the left and right halves along the median line. The left half of the carcass was used to measure carcass length (CRLTH), average backfat depth and longissimus muscle area (LMA) at the 10th rib, while the right half of the carcass was physically dissected into bone, muscle and fat and thereafter tissue ratios calculated. Longissimus muscle was removed at the 10th and 11th ribs from the left half of the carcass for chemical composition analysis. Data were analysed using General Linear Model. Weaning age had no influence (p > 0.05) on HCW, dressing percentage, CDW, CRLTH, average backfat thickness, average backfat depth, LMA and carcass lean percentage. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on average percentages of bone, muscle and fat tissue and their tissue ratios. Weaning age did not influence (p > 0.05) moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the meat. In addition, weaning age had no (p > 0.05) effect on carcass characteristics, physical and chemical body composition of meat. These results indicate that piglets can be weaned at 21, 28 and 35 days of age without detrimental effects on carcass characteristics, physical and chemical body composition of pork.
2 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref
DESAI D, KALYANI I, PATEL D, MAKWANA P, SOLANKI J, VALA J
037235 DESAI D, KALYANI I, PATEL D, MAKWANA P, SOLANKI J, VALA J (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari-396450, Gujarat, Email: dhruvdesai24vet@gmail.com) : Rapid detection based prevalence of canine corona virus (ccov) and canine parvo virus (cpv) infection in diarrheic dogs in south Gujarat. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 41-3.
The study was done on detection and prevalence of canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) from the diarrhoeic dogs. Dogs presented with the diarrhoea and symptomatic illness, were tested for the CCoV and CPV infection. Diarrhoeic samples were directly processed for rapid diagnostic test using Immuno-chromatography based lateral flow assay test (LFA). It is a fast, rapid and specific for the CCoV and CPV detection. Out of total 109 samples processed by the LFA, 05 (4.58 %) were found positive for CCoV and 37 (33.94 %) were positive for CPV. None of the samples showed concomitant infection of both the viruses. Age-wise prevalence of CCoV was found to be 7.93 (5/63) % in ≤3 months age group, and no positive case was found in other age groups. Similarly, the age wise prevalence of CPV was found to be 41.26 (26/63), 25.00 (9/26) and 20.00 (2/10) % in ≤3 months, 3 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months of age group, respectively. The prevalence of CCoV and CPV was found more in young puppies.
2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref
PATEL J V, CHAUHAN H D, SRIVASTAVA A K, PAWAR M M, PATEL V K
037234 PATEL J V, CHAUHAN H D, SRIVASTAVA A K, PAWAR M M, PATEL V K (Livestock Production Management Dep, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar- 385 506, Gujarat, Email: p.jigar99@gmail.com) : Effect of different floor types on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of mehsana goat kids. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 37-40.
This study was done to evaluate the effect of different floor types on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of weaned Mehsana goat kids for a period of 84 days. Twenty-seven weaned (3 months old) Mehsana goat kids having nearly identical body weights (10-12 kg) were randomly divided into three uniform groups having 9 kids (4 males and 5 females) in each group and reared on three different types of floors, viz., group A: katcha floor, B: bricks floor, and C: concrete floor. All the kids were reared under standard management system of goat rearing with strict hygiene and various parameters of production performance were recorded. Mean body weights in kids of groups A, B and C were 13.56±0.25, 13.60±0.26, and 13.87±0.27 kg, respectively. The corresponding average daily body weight gains were 35.89±2.74, 34.08±2.24, 39.23±4.10 g/day and feed conversion ratio 09.95±0.70, 08.99±0.52, 08.92±0.81, respectively. The differences among treatment groups were found non-significant for all three parameters. Incidences of disease occurrence and parasitic infestation were not noticed in kids of any group. It may be concluded that provision of different floor types, viz., katcha, bricks and concrete had no significant effect on growth performance, feed conversion ratio, disease incidence and parasitic infestation in the Mehsana kids. Further, from the study it may be inferred that economically weaker farmers may rear their kids on katcha floor with strict hygiene and attain the growth rate at par with other flooring systems.
3 tables, 16 ref
PATEL D C, SOLANKI J B, KUMAR N
037233 PATEL D C, SOLANKI J B, KUMAR N (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Gujarat- 396 450, Email: dr_dcpatel@yahoo.co.in) : In vitro detection of acaricidal resistance status of Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus against commercial preparation of deltamethrin in coastal areas of south Gujarat, India. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 32-6.
A total of 2617 bovines (1682 cattle and 935 buffaloes) of coastal districts (Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad) of South Gujarat were screened for tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, the most economically important ectoparasite of bovines worldwide. Farmers chiefly relied on chemical acaricides (67.52 %) to kill the ticks, and under chemical method 44.09, 24.17, 30.50 and 1.24 % animals had received cypermethrin, deltamethrin, ivermectin and fipronil, respectively, thus favouring the resistance. In adult immersion test (AIT), the median lethal concentration (LC50) was 144.23, 93.97, 141.67 and 57.89 ppm for deltamethrin in Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad district, respectively. Resistance level was I in Valsad and II in other 3 districts for deltamethrin in AIT. In larval packet test (LPT), the median LC50 was 297.29, 126.81, 127.83 and 93.92 ppm for deltamethrin in Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad district, respectively. Resistance level was III in Bharuch and II in other district in LPT.
2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref
PATEL R N, ROY A, BHANDERI B B, VAGHESHWARI D H
037232 PATEL R N, ROY A, BHANDERI B B, VAGHESHWARI D H (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, Email: rit.patel0000@gmail.com) : Isolation, Biochemical Characterization, Antibiogram Pattern and PCR Based Confirmation of Brucella from Cows and buffaloes. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 27-31.
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that still constitutes a major public health problem in India. In the current study, Brucella were isolated from aborted samples and typed by both molecular and conventional techniques. A total 114 aborted samples were collected from cows and buffaloes in and around Anand district. Aborted samples were cultured on the Brucella agar medium and incubated for 24–48 h. Three samples from cow were found to be positive for Brucella. All the isolates were positive for catalase, oxidase and nitrate reduction while negative for urease reaction, indole test, VP test, motility examination and production of H2S. For the detection of Brucella DNA by PCR, three different genus-specific primer pairs viz., B4/B5, JPF/JPR, and F4/R2 were used. All three Brucella isolates were positive by B4/B5 and F4/R2, while two isolates were positive for JPF/JPR. For species-level identification of Brucella isolates were subjected to AMOS PCR and Bruce-ladder PCR, and were found to be B. abortus.
5 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
DIVEKAR B S, TRIVEDI M M
037231 DIVEKAR B S, TRIVEDI M M (Veterinary Science Coll, Anand- 388 110, Email: bsdivekar@aau.in) : Adoption status of improved animal husbandry practices and its relationship with the profile of dairy farmers in Kheda district of Gujarat. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 22-6.
This study was conducted to ascertain the extent of adoption of improved dairy husbandry practices and its relationship with the profile of the dairy farmers in the Kheda district of Gujarat. The study was undertaken in four randomly selected talukas of the district, from which 100 dairy farmers were selected randomly. The study revealed that the overall extent of adoption of improved animal husbandry practices in the study area was found to be about 62.78 %. The overall highest adoption rate was for reproductive and healthcare management (81.40 and 81.33 %) followed by feeding and calf management (77.00 and 62.00 %), while the adoption of scientific milking and general management (37.60 and 37.30 %) was the lowest. Education, landholding, annual income, and herd size of the dairy farmers had a highly significant (p <0.01) positive relationship. In comparison, social participation and mass media of the dairy farmers had significant (p <0.05) positive relationship with adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. However, family size, experience, and attitude towards dairy farming had a significant negative correlation with the improved animal husbandry practices. The independent variables considered in the present study explained about 38.20% variation (r2 = 0.38) in adoption of the improved dairy husbandry practices.
2 tables, 17 ref
KUMAR J, SRIVASTAVA S, KUMAR R
037230 KUMAR J, SRIVASTAVA S, KUMAR R (Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dep, Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry Coll, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drrajesh25@gmail.com) : Effect of herbal, homeopathic and hormonal drug on hematology, ovarian cyclicity and conception rate in postpartum anoestrus cows. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 17-21.
The study was designed to assess the effect of herbal, homeopathic, and hormonal drugs namely Janova, Sepia and GnRH-PG-GnRH on hematological parameters, resumption of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate in 40 postpartum anoestrus and 8 normal cyclic cows. The anoestrus cows were randomly divided into five groups as G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV; 8 cows in each group. Group G0 (untreated anoestrus) and GV (normal cyclic cows) served as positive and negative control, respectively. All cows in GI, GII, GIII and GIV were subjected to dewormer and mineral mixture supplementation for 10 days, while group GII, GIII, and GIV were additionally treated with Janova (herbal heat inducer), Sepia (a homeopathic drug) and GnRH-PG-GnRH (Ovsynch) protocol, respectively. Different therapeutic protocols revealed variable and significant effects on most of the hematological parameters, except differential leucocyte count, before and after treatment. The values were also significantly higher in normal cyclic than anoestrus groups. The oestrus induction response in G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV was 0.00, 50.00, 62.50, 75.00, 87.50, and 100.00 %, and corresponding overall conception rates of 3 cycles were 0.00, 75.00, 80.00, 66.66, 57.13 and 75.00 %, respectively. In conclusion, aforesaid therapeutic regimens have definite bearings on oestrus induction as well as on conception and can be used to manage postpartum anoestrus in cows.
3 tables, 21 ref
RAJALEKSHMI C, MISHRA R K, SAVALIYA F P, PATEL A B, LUNAGARIYA P M, BHAGORA N J
037229 RAJALEKSHMI C, MISHRA R K, SAVALIYA F P, PATEL A B, LUNAGARIYA P M, BHAGORA N J (Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand, Email: rkmishra@aau.in) : Effects of dietary supplementation of essential oils as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter on performance of commercial broilers. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 11-6.
An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of thyme and peppermint essential oils (EO) as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) on the performance of broiler chicken. Total 256 day-old Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into eight experimental groups with four replicates of eight birds each. Experimental groups were fed with control diet without supplementation of AGP and essential oils (T1), BMD (Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate) antibiotic @ 500 mg/kg diet (T2), thyme essential oil @ 150 mg/kg diet (T3), 200 mg/kg diet (T4), 250 mg/kg diet (T5), peppermint essential oil @ 200 mg/kg diet (T6), 250 mg/kg diet (T7) and 300 mg/kg diet (T8). The supplementation of thyme oil @ 200 mg/kg and peppermint oil @ 300 mg/kg broiler diet significantly (p <0.05) improved b.wt. and b.wt gain. The peppermint oil supplementation @ 300 mg/kg was found to be more beneficial when compared among different oil-supplemented groups. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) improved with peppermint oil supplementation @ 300 mg/kg diet. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean abdominal fat was observed in diet supplemented with higher levels of thyme oil (@ 250 mg/kg diet) and peppermint oil (@ 300 mg/kg diet). Return over feed cost was the highest in broilers assigned diet with AGP; however, it was statistically similar to the basal diet. Considering the net return over fed cost of broilers, use of thyme oil was uneconomical, but supplementation of peppermint essential oil @ 200 and 300 mg/kg diet increased the net return over feed cost and were economical, however less as compared to T1 and T2.
5 tables, 18 ref
GOHEL M M, KAVANI F S, DHAMI A J, HADIYA K K
037228 GOHEL M M, KAVANI F S, DHAMI A J, HADIYA K K (Amul Research and Development Association, Ode, Anand, Email: mmgohel@amuldairy.com) : Electrolytes profile of estrual mucus of gir cows with reference to body condition score and fertility. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 7-10.
Fifty Gir cows of different reproductive status (10 = normal cyclic, 20 = repeat breeders and 20=induced estrus) were selected to determine the association of electrolytes mainly the macro-minerals profile of their estrual cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) to their body condition score (BCS) and fertility post-AI. The overall pooled mean concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium obtained in CVM of Gir cows were 14.27 ± 0.33 mg/dL, 1.87 ± 0.13 mg/dL, 4.24 ± 0.10 mEq/L, 159.85 ± 5.52 mEq/L and 29.50 ± 0.78 mEq/L, respectively. The repeat breeding cows had significantly (p<0.01) higher calcium and lower inorganic phosphorus, sodium and potassium in their CVM than the normal cyclic and/or induced estrus cows. Similarly, the conceived cows, overall and of repeater group, had significantly (p < 0.05) lower calcium and higher phosphorus, sodium and potassium than the non-conceived cows. However, no such variation was found in the magnesium content of CVM of these groups. Further, the levels of calcium in CVM showed an increasing trend, while other elements showed a decreasing trend with an increase in BCS from 2.5 to 3.5 (on 0-5 point scale) in all three categories of animals, but the differences were not significant for BCS within the group/category. It was thus inferred that significantly increased or widened Ca:P ratio and absolute lower levels of sodium and potassium in CVM could be responsible for conception failure and repeat breeding in dairy cows.
2 tables, 23 ref
NAIKOO M, DHAMI A J, PARMAR BC
037227 NAIKOO M, DHAMI A J, PARMAR BC (Animal Reproduction Dep, Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Coll, Gujarat, Email: drmehraj@gmail.com) : Effect of rumen mega mineral bolus insertion at calving on blood biochemical and minerals profile and postpartum fertility in kankrej cows. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 16(1), 1-6.
A study was conducted on 12 pluriparous parturient Kankrej cows of the University Farm, in Anand, randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 6 each). Group-I cows were administered on the day of calving with a sustained release 80 g mega mineral rumen bolus (Prepavel® 1 bolus/animal, Neolait, France) intra-ruminal through a specially designed applicator, while group-II animals served as untreated control. The animals were monitored periodically from the day of calving till 140 days postpartum along with other herd mates. Blood samples were obtained at 10 days interval in heparinized vacutainers for plasma progesterone, biochemical, and macro-micro mineral profiling. Among the six Kankrej cows of group-I, only one animal exhibited prominent estrus signs on day 96 postpartum and conceived at first service (AI) giving CR of 16.66 %, while in group-II three cows exhibited estrus between day 73 and 86 postpartum, and conceived with one or two AI giving CR of 50 % by 150 days postpartum. In both the groups, all other cows remained subestrus for more than 150 days postpartum and conceived very late, though mostly with single service at spontaneous estrus. The mean values of plasma progesterone (0.74 ± 0.32 to 5.57 ± 0.78 ng/mL), total cholesterol (103.88 ± 3.20 to 237.17 ± 24.66 mg/dL) and triglycerides (17.07 ± 1.16 to 28.29 ± 1.75 mg/dL) differed significantly (p < 0.01) between postpartum intervals in both the groups, but not between groups at any of the intervals. The values of plasma total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium as well as trace elements, viz., zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, and manganese, however varied insignificantly and inconsistently between intervals and also between groups from day 0 to day 140 postpartum. Thus, the insertion of Mega mineral ruminal bolus on the day of calving did not influence the plasma profile of biochemical/ metabolic constituents and macro-micro minerals profile in lactating postpartum Kankrej cows and was not beneficial in improving postpartum fertility. However, further study on a larger sample size is required to draw a valid conclusion.
3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref
GADHAVI D N, SORATHIYA L M, RATHVA A L
037226 GADHAVI D N, SORATHIYA L M, RATHVA A L (Kamdhenu Univ, Gujarat, Email: lalitchandra.sorathiya@gmail.com) : Adoption of breeding and calf rearing practices in modern dairy farms of Gujarat. Indian J Vet Sci Biotechnol 2020, 15(4), 43-6.
A study was carried out to compare the breeding and calf rearing practices of modern specialized dairy farms of north and south Gujarat. The data was collected from ten specialized dairy farms, each from the north and south Gujarat. The study revealed that farms of the southern region mostly reared buffaloes, which relied on natural service, whereas northern farms mostly reared cows, and AI was more popular. Around 22.2 and 16.7 % of dairy farms preferred pedigreed and sex-sorted semen from the private sector, respectively. Most of the dairy farms (60 %) purchased frozen semen doses from the co-operative sector. About 20% of dairy farms used sex-sorted semen at the price of Rs. 2100-3000 per dose. One farm from the north and another one from south were using Delaval® heat detector system. The majority (75 %) of the dairy farms adopted the practice of colostrum feeding by allowing for natural suckling. The majority (70 %) of the dairy farms provided first colostrum feeding within 2 to 4 hours of calf birth. Some dairy farms (20 %) possessed individual calf boxes. From the research finding, it can be concluded that artificial insemination was more famous in north Gujarat. Many specialized dairy farms of north Gujarat were adopting most advanced breeding practices by the use of sex-sorted and pedigreed semen of private companies to produce an offspring of the desired sex, high milk yielding potential and healthy one.
2 tables, 13 ref