001602   Kamal S;Azurdia Meza C A;Lee K (Electronics and Radio Engineering Dep, Kyung Hee Univ, Suwon, Republic of Korea) : Family of nyquist-l pulses to enhance orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system performance. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 187-98.

A family of Nyquist-l pulses called sine parametric linear combination pulse (SPLCP) is proposed. It is characterized by two novel design parameters that provide additional degrees of freedom to minimize the intercarrier interference (ICI) power due to frequency offset. Moreover, it reduces the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Several Nyquist-l pulses were recently proposed to address the subject of high sensitivity to frequency offset and high PAPR in OFDM-based transmissions. In this paper, we investigate the performance of SPLCP in terms of ICI power, signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) power, bit error rate (BER), and PAPR. We additionally examine the behaviour of SPLCP with new design parameters for a certain roll-off factor, a. We compare the performance of SPLCP with other well-known pulses. Theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed SPLCP outperforms other existing pulses in terms of ICI power, SIR power, BER, and PAPR.

10 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

001601   Janaswamy R (Electrical & Computer Engineering Dep, Univ of Massachusetts, 100 Natural Resources Road, 215-D Marcus Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA) : General properties for determining power loss and efficiency of passive multi-port microwave networks. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 181-6.

Starting from the scattering matrix formulation, three useful properties are derived that characterize the dissipative loss and the corresponding efficiency of a multi-port, passive microwave network. Elementary examples are considered that involve both reciprocal and non-reciprocal networks to demonstrate the utility of the expressions provided. When applied to the equal-split, matched, three-port resistive divider, they recover the known fact that the device is 50% efficient. The relations yield the new result that the efficiency of a three-port Wilkinson power divider is two-third on the average. Using the results presented, it is further shown that the Wilkinson power divider belongs to a class of most efficient, matched, reciprocal three-port networks that are constrained to provide maximum isolation at the output ports.

12 ref

001600   Ilkhechi A K;Mirzajani H;Aghdam E N;Ghavifekr H B (Microelectronic Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Dep, Sahand Univ of Technology, Tabriz, Iran) : Novel SPDT rotary RF MEMS switch for low loss and power efficient signal routing. IETE J Res 2016, 62(1), 68-80.

In this paper, a new low joss with port-to-port high isolation electro-thermally actuated single-pole double-throw (SPDT) radio frequency microelectromechanical systems switch with a novel latching mechanism is investigated. Electro-thermal actuators not only increase the contact force of the switch which causes to have a low insertion loss, but also decrease the required actuation voltage of the switch. In the result, the actuation voltage of the switch is 5 V and thanks to the latching mechanism, the switch only consumes power while transition between states which is about 131 mW for less than 50 μS. Based on the FEM simulations, insertion loss of the switch is less than -0.37 dB up to 30 GHz. The return loss of the switch is below - 11.74 dB up to 30 GHz, and the isolation of the switch when is OFF is below - 45.48 dB, and port-to-port isolation of the switch when the signal is directed to one of the two ports is - 53.61 dB at the same frequency. The proposed switches can be a promising candidate in signal routing and redundancy-switch matrix application and solve the integration problem.

19 illus, 8 tables, 26 ref

001599   Ibarra M;Panduro M A;Andrade A G (Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC), Mexico) : Differential evolution multi-objective for optimization of isoflux antenna arrays. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 105-14.

The multi-objective design of concentric ring antenna arrays for isoflux radiation for Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites is presented in this paper. This design of concentric ring antenna arrays considers the optimization of the spacing between rings and the amplitude excitation across the antenna elements in order to generate the trade-off curves between the side lobe level (SLL) and the isoflux mask error. In order to use fewer levels of excitations to diminish the hardware complexity, a concentric excitation is considered across the antenna array. Simulation results applying a differential evolution multi-objective (DEMO) optimization method are provided in this document. Furthermore, an analysis of the trade-off curve between the SLL and the isoflux mask error is achieved.

10 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

001598   Gowda R V G K;Seshasayee M S;Arunagiri A (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Email: aagiri@nitt.edu) : Review on liquid to air membrane energy exchangers and flor mal-distributions in LAMEE. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2015, 37(1-4), 173-85.

Over the years global warming has emerged to become an alarming problem and is now requiring a large amount of attention. One of the main reasons is the world's evergrowing power consumption. Buildings are responsible for 40 % of this consumption. Hence a radical change in the present ventilation system is warranted. Liquid to Air Membrane Energy Exchanger (LAMEE) technology has the potential to do so. LAMEEs are novel energy exchangers which use semi-permeable membranes to separate air and desiccant solution streams. The semi-permeable membrane allows simultaneous heat and water vapor transfer between the air and the desiccant solution streams. As the membranes are elastic, due to the excessive pressure on the liquid side the membranes bulges into the air channel, thereby causing flow maldistribution. However, much attention has not been paid to this topic. This paper presents a comprehensive review of Flow maldistribution in LAMEE.

5 illus, 15 ref

001597   Gouta H;Said S H;M'sahli F (Electrical Engineering Dep, National Engineering School of Monastir, Univ of Monastir, Road Ibn Eljazzar, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia) : Predictive and backstepping control of double tank process: A comparative study. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 137-47.

This paper addresses the nonlinear control design problem for a state-coupled two-tank liquid-level system. For this system's dynamics, motivated by a desire to provide precise liquid-level control, two radically different control approaches are presented and compared: the model predictive control and the backstepping control. In the first proposed approach, a model-based predictive controller is designed for the two-tank liquid-level system that ensures exponentially stabilization for a particular class of second-order nonlinear system. Moreover, a robust controller based on a backstepping strategy is designed in order to ensure globally asymptotically stabilization for another particular class of second-order nonlinear systems. To ensure a suitable basis for their comparison, two different control methods are designed and verified with the same test setup. To highlight the efficiency and applicability of the proposed control schemes, theoretical comparisons as well as experimental results are provided and discussed.

11 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

001596   Ghosh S;Chakrabarty A (Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) : Dual band circularly polarized monopole antenna design for FR energy harvesting. IETE J Res 2016, 62(1), 9-16.

This paper presents the design of a multiband microstrip monopole antenna with circular polarization and impedance 377 Ω for radio frequency energy harvesting in the CDMA (869-890 MHz) and GSM (935-960 MHz, 1810-1880 MHz) bands. The antenna structure is simulated using electromagnetic software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) transient solver. The parametric study on the antenna dimension is conducted to achieve 10 dB return loss bandwidth and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth over the desired frequency ranges. The gain of the antenna varies from 3.5-4 dBi over the impedance bandwidth. The experimental results for prototype antenna show well agreement with the simulated results.

11 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

001595   Foriero A;Tsafack J;Doucet F (Dep de genie Civil et de genie des eaux, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Univ Laval, Quebec, Qc G1V 086, Canada, Email: adolfo.foriero@gci.ulaval.ca) : New model for the cross anisotropic nonlinear elastic behavior of unbounded soils for road pavements. Indian Geotech J 2015, 45(4), 412-30.

This study presents a new generalized small strain nonlinear anisotropic constitutive model for use in the elastic analysis of unbounded soils for road pavements. The model rests on a method to determine the cross anisotropic moduli of unbounded soils based on the classic repeated-load triaxial compression test. The model incorporates nonlinear small-strain behavior in a triaxial stress space by considering the inter-dependency of the bulk K*, shear G* and cross anisotropic modulus, J. In agreement with the laboratory test results the moduli, at a given water content, are dependent on the initial state of stress in p-q space. The model is derived by considering pure isothermal elastic behavior and by letting the net elastic work per unit volume along a closed stress path equal to zero. An approximate stress-strain curve, using solely the non linear constitutive model, is obtained using a linear analysis that simulates a. typical triaxial test. Finally a non linear finite element analysis, which incorporates the non linear con-stitutive model, is carried out to provide a more elaborate assessment of model performance.

22 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

001594   Evans R P;Arulrajah A;Horpibulsuk S (Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne Univ of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Email: robertevans@swin.edu.au) : Detecting Gilgai relief beneath sealed flexible pavements using road profile and road roughness measurements. Indian Geotech J 2015, 45(4), 431-40.

Expansive soils are those that expand and contract significantly when subjected to changes in moisture. The presence of such soils can accelerate the deterioration rate of pavements due to increased cracking and roughness, especially when Gilgai relief is allowed to manifest beneath the pavement structure. Gilgai relief is a naturally occurring topographical feature that results in a unique undulating ground surface. These undulations develop from deep seated swelling pressures within the underlying expansive soil layers. At present, current road roughness indices cannot isolate the roughness caused by Gilgai relief and the detection of Gilgai in the field can be difficult. This paper presents a new series of templates that car, identify pavement sections that contain high concentrations of waveband roughness specific to Gilgai characteristics. These templates are based on the standard international roughness index and a variety of new calculated profile indices that measure waveband roughness quantities. The main outcome of this paper is that the influence of Gilgai relief can now be detected and quantified mathematically through these templates, which were developed from over 600 km of road profile data from flexible rural highway pavements located in north-west Victoria (Australia).

8 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

001593   Dutta J;Singh A V;Singhal S;Upadhayay M D (Electrical Engineering Dep, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar Univ, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh) : Design and simulation of a zinc oxide thin film bulk acoustic resonator filter for 2.6 GHz band applications. IETE J Res 2016, 62(1), 3-8.

This work presents the design and simulation of a zinc oxide based thin film bulk acoustic resonator (TFBAR) bandpass filter for 2.6 GHz band applications. Third and fifth-order filters in ladder topology are designed and compared. The third-order filter has an insertion loss of 1.62 dB and return loss of 18.97 dB with a bandwidth of 80 MHz whereas the fifth-order filter has insertion loss, return loss, and bandwidth of 2.85 dB, 25.28 dB, and 60 MHz, respectively. With a central frequency of 2.67 GHz, the designed filter has applications in the 2.6 GHz (2500-2690 MHz) band, which has been identified by the International Telecommunication Union as a global frequency band for mobile broadband services.

9 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

001592   Du S;Zhu X;Yin H;Huang W (College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan Univ, Changsha, P.R. China) : Low-power CMOS power amplifier for 3.1-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband transmitter. IETE J Res 2016, 62(1), 113-9.

This paper proposes the design of a low-power ultra-wideband (UWB) power amplifier (PA) in 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. With the common-gate configuration employed as the input stage, the broad-band input matching is obtained. The UWB PA employs a forward body biasing technique to reduce power consumption. Meanwhile, in driver stage and power stage of this PA, the resistive feed-back technique with an inter-stage inductor and a series peaking inductors is used to achieve the wider and gain flatness. The post-layout simulation results indicated that the input return loss (S₁₁) was less than - 15.8 dB, output return loss (S₂₂) was less than -8.3 dB, and average power gain of 10.6 dB with a flatness about 1.0 dB. The output 1 dB compression point was about 3 dBm. Moreover, a very low power consumption of 14.3 mW was achieved with a die area of 0.96 x 0.95 mm^2.

9 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

001591   Dixit R P;Sharma K;Jain S C (Defence Electronics Application Lab, Physics Dep, Graphic Era Univ, Dehradun, Uttrakhand) : Co-array-based synthetic aperture active imaging at millimetre wave frequencies. IETE J Res 2016, 62(1), 27-34.

Imaging technique based on aperture synthesis scheme using sub-arrays and post data acquisition beam forming at the millimetre wave frequencies is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Technique has been extended for use in three-dimensional imaging and multiple target scenario. Simulation results verifying the proposed technique are presented. This approach can be used to construct three-dimensional images using separate transmitting and receiving arrays. A program based on this imaging technique has been written in MATLAB to simulate the target scene and to investigate reconstruction of the image theoretically and with the data collected experimentally. Experimental verification has been done using horn antennas as transmitting and receiving apertures having 10° beam width and 24 dB gain at 30 GHz. Precise positioning of transmitting and receiving antennas is one of the critical requirements at millimetre frequencies. A practical system designed to work on this technique, would necessarily require precise fabrication and positioning especially at higher millimetre wave bands as the whole process is phase sensitive. But, the preliminary results show that the method has good active imaging performance indicating potential applications of this technique in the future at higher millimetre wave frequencies.

7 illus, 12 ref

001590   Dey R;Chakrabarty S B;Jyoti R;Kurian T (Antenna Systems Group, Space Application Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad) : Higher order mode analysis of dual-post discontinuity in circular waveguide. IETE J Res 2016, 62(1), 58-62.

This paper presents the analysis of scattering characteristics of two radially directed posts in an oversized circular waveguide making an arbitrary angle in the transverse plane using method of moments. Electric-type dyadic Green's function has been used to compute the scattered field in a circular waveguide. Simulated data on return loss and power coupling in the dominant mode and higher order modes have been compared with the data computed using Ansoft HFSS. The data on return loss for the incident TE₁₁ mode have been compared with experimental data for the circular waveguide loaded with two posts.

14 illus, 7 ref

001589   Damle R M;Date A W (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, Email: awdate@iitb.ac.in) : Heat and mass transfer in a clay-plot refrigerator: analysis revisited. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2015, 37(1-4), 11-25.

In this paper, steady-state performance of a clay-pot refrigerator which works on the evaporative cooling principle, is analysed using Reynolds Flow Model of convective heat/mass transfer including effects of radiation. For the assumed respiratory cooling load of the preserved foods, the preservation temperature is predicted under a variety of ambient temperatures and relative humidities. The paper also corrects for the oversight-error introduced in the previous published paper.

5 tables, 9 ref

001588   Cho S;Chae J;Cho S B (Automobile/Ship Electronics Convergence Centre, Univ of Ulsan, 93, Dsaehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 680 749 Republic of Korea) : Development of simplified tuning system for physical modelling of the gayageum. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 130-6.

This paper describes a simplified tuning system for the physical modelling of the Gayageum, a Korean traditional plucked string instrument. In a previous work, an Anjok model was proposed as part of the string model to control pitch. However, this model has a maximum error of 7.75 Hz for the low fundamental frequencies. In order to ameliorate this situation, this paper modifies the assumption of the previous model and proposes a method to design a simplified tuning system. The optimal parameter of the system is determined based on the minimax algorithm and the error is 1.14 Hz on average. Furthermore, the maximum error decreases to about one third that of the previous method.

3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

001587   Anantathanavit M;Munlin M (Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Mahanakorn Univ of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand) : Using K-means radius particle swarm optimization for the travelling salesman problem. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 172-80.

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a well-known established scheduling problem. We propose a novel method to solve the TSP using the divide-and-conquer strategy. We employ K-means to cluster the sub-cities and then solve a sequence of sub-cities in a given order and merge them by the radius particle swarm optimization (RPSO). The RPSO incorporates adaptive mutation to avoid the impact of the bound of the solution. In addition, a local search procedure is embedded into the RPSO to accelerate the convergence and improve the solution. The performance of our proposed method is tested on a number of instances from the travelling salesman problem library (TSPLIB). Computational results and comparisons have demonstrated the effectiveness of the method.

13 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

001586   Agarwal Y;Chandel R (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur-177 005) : Crosstalk analysis of current-mode signalling-coupled RLC interconnects using FDTD technique. IETE Tech Rev 2016, 33(2), 148-59.

In nanometre regimes, interconnect crosstalk noise has serious implications as it affects the signal integrity of the system. An accurate analysis of crosstalk effects is very essential and a critical issue. This paper efficiently models and analyses the crosstalk effects in current-mode signalling (CMS) rnultiline-coupled-distributed resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) interconnects. The interconnects are driven by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) gates. The nonlinear behaviour of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors in CMOS gate is characterized by an nth power law model. Both inductive and capacitive couplings have been considered to incorporate coupling effects in interconnects. The model is formulated using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The functional and dynamic crosstalk effects have been analysed for different interconnect lengths and varying transition time for the first time in CMS interconnects. The efficacy of CMS interconnects is evaluated by comparison with the conventional voltage-mode signalling (VMS) interconnects. It is analysed that CMS interconnects have lesser crosstalk-induced delay than VMS interconnects. Also, normalized undershoot voltage in CMS interconnects is lesser as compared to VMS signalling interconnects. The results are validated using simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis simulations. The analyses have been carried out for 32 nm technology node.

11 illus, 1 table, 66 ref

000724   Zakharychev E A;Razov E N;Semchikov Y D; Zakharycheva N S;Kabina M A;Bakina L I;Zefirov V L (Lobachevsky State Univ of Nizhny Novgoord, , Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, Email: zakharychev@list.ru) : Radar absorbing properties of carbon nanotubes/polymer composites in the V-band. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 451-6.

This research is devoted to the study of radar absorbing properties of the composites, based on the epoxy binder and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the frequency range of 52-73 GHz. Three species of unmodified multi-walled CNT differing in length and diameter were investigated as fillers. The reflection coefficients (K_refl) at the radar absorbing material (RAM)-air interface and the electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) absorption coefficients (K_abs) in the materials with the different content of nanotubes were measured (K_refl and K_abs were calculated using the highest (the worst) value of the voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) in the frequency range of 52-73 GHz). It was established that the increase in nanotubes aspect ratio (a ratio of CNT length to its diameter) leads to K_abs rising for polymer composites. Also, CNT diameter decrease leads to K_refl reduction. CNT of 8-15 nm in diameter and more than 2 μm in length are the most effective from all investigated fillers. The reflection loss values were calculated and CNT optimal concentrations were obtained at different thickness of RAMs.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

000723   Yuce E;Alpaslan H (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Pamukkale Univ, Kinikli, Denizli, 20070, Turkey, Email: erkanyuce@yahoo.com) : DDCC+ based voltage-mode PID controller employing only grounded passive components. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 120-8.

A new voltage-mode (VM) single-input single-output circuit for realizing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is proposed in this study. The proposed PID controller employs a canonical number of only grounded passive components without requiring any critical passive component matching conditions and cancellation constraints. Therefore, it is easily implemented in integrated circuit (IC) process. Also, it uses three plus-type differential difference current conveyors. It has high input and low output impedances; thus, it can be easily cascaded with other VM configurations. Proportional, integral and derivative parameters of the proposed PID controller can be easily adjusted via only resistors for fix valued capacitors in IC fabrication. A number of analyses with SPICE program and an experimental test result are included to demonstrate performance of the proposed PID controller.

18 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

000722   Yu M Q;Qiao Q;You F;Li C L;Zhao Y;Xiao Z Z; Luo H L;Xu Z F;Matsugi K;Yu J K (Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima Univ, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8527 Higashi-Hiroshmia, Japan, Email: yujinku@ysu.edu.cn) : Effect of temperature on structure and corrosion resistance for electroless NiWP coating. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 519-23.

The effect of plating temperatures between 60 and 90°C on structure and corrosion resistance for electroless NiWP coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate was investigated. Results show that temperature has a significant influence on the surface morphology and corrosion resistance of the NiWP alloy coating. An increase in temperature will lead to an increase in coating thickness and form a more uniform and dense NiWP coatings. Moreover, cracks were observed by SEM in coating surface and interface at the plating temperature of 90°C. Coating corrosion resistance is highly dependent on temperature according to polarization curves. The optimum temperature is found to be 80 °C and the possible reasons of corrosion resistance for NiWP coating have been discussed.

6 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

000721   Xiao C J (Materials Science and Engineering Dep, Henan Univ of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China, Email: cjxiao@haut.edu.cn) : Study on the damping capacity of BaTiO₃-reinforced Al-matrix composites. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 463-7.

To study the damping capacity of BaTiO₃/Al composites, Al composites reinforced with BaTiO₃ powder (average grain sizes: 100 and 1000 nm) were fabricated by the hot-pressing sintering method. The damping properties of pure Al and BaTiO₃/Al composites were investigated and compared based on the dynamic mechanical analysis over a wide range of temperatures (50-285°C). Compared with pure Al matrix, 1000 nm BaTiO₃/Al composites with 5 and 10% mass fractions of BaTiO₃ exhibited better damping capacity. For 100 nm BaTiO₃/Al composite, its damping capacity is slightly higher than that of pure Al below 145°C, while it becomes lower above this degree. The damping capacity enhancement of BaTiO₃/Al composites can be explained by the ferroelastic domain damping. Furthermore, 5 and 10% BaTiO₃/Al composites have higher bending strength and hardness than pure Al sample.

7 illus, 16 ref

000720   Varthamanan Y;Kishor V J K S;Manikandan A (ECE Dep, Sathyabama Univ, Chennai) : Design of pressurized water reactor simulator using USB NI-6009 data acquisition module. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 487-91.

In this work, the Nuclear Plant Simulator power model has been simulated using Lab view Data Acquisition module. Energy is the focal point of any investigation at present in the research domain and this work contributes to understand the mechanism and challenges of clean energy generation. The development of GUI for Nuclear power plant is carried out using Labview and the power mode of the control panel was analyzed using test set up. This work on efficient energy generation is very significant as clean energy is the focal point of any application or contemporary research.

12 illus, 6 ref

000719   Vanalakar S A;Gang M G;Patil P S;Kim J Y;Kim J H (Materials Science and Engineering Dep, Chonnam National Univ, Gwangju-500 757, Email: jinhyeok@chonnam.ac.kr) : Polyvinylpyrrolidone assisted wet chemical route to synthesize nanostructured cadmium sulfide thin film. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 139-44.

Nano-structured cauliflowers like cadmium sulfide (CdS) have been prepared using a facile polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) assisted wet chemical method on soda lime glass and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated conducting glass substrates. The structural, optical and surface morphological properties of the films are investigated through the analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results reveal polycrystalline nature, consisting of CdS cubic phase. The films show a direct band gap with band gap energy 2.42 eV. The SEM images show cauliflower like morphology with well-defined surface area. Finally, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of PVP mediated CdS thin film samples is studied. The sample shows photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance with maximum short circuit current density of (I_sc) 1.56 mA/cm².

5 illus, 34 ref

000718   Upadhayay V K;Bharti G;Rai B S (NO, , ) : Compact wide-band BPF using short ended uniform impedance resonator. J Commun Engng Syst 2016, 5(1), 16-16.

A new compact Wideband Band Pass Filter is proposed based on shorted rectangle uniform impedance resonator with additional short ended stub connected inside it. This Wideband Band Pass Filter is designed with two uniform width resonators resulting in miniaturization of filter size. It has 3dB fractional bandwidth of 94.628%. The insertion loss and return loss are found to be less than 15dB and 0.68 dB respectively in pass band. It has measured 3dB pass band of 1.68 to 4.41 GHz band. The circuit size reduced considerably and its size is 17.2x11.2 mm. This structure used the concept of short ended stub in its design which makes the filter easy and compact in size. This Wideband BPF is useful in S band like weather radar and surface chip radar and especially for communication between the space shuttle and the international space station. This Wide Band BPF is designed and fabricated.The measured and simulated result is in good agreement.

000717   Tripathi H;Sampath Kumar A;Singh S P (Ceramic Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technoogy (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, Email: himanshutripath@gmail.com) : Preparation and characterization of Li₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅-SiO2. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 365-76.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the role of Al₂O₃ in the Li₂O-CaO-P₂O₅-SiO₂ bioactive glass for improving the bioactivity and other physico-mechanical properties of glass. A comparative study on structural and physico-mechanical properties and bioactivity of glasses were reported. The structural properties of glasses were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and the bioactivity of the glasses was evaluated by in vitro test in simulated body fluid (SBF). Density, compressive strength, Vickers hardness and ultrasonic wave velocity of glass samples were measured to investigate physical and mechanical properties. Results indicated that partial molar replacement of Li₂O by Al₂O₃ resulted in a significant increase in mechanical properties of glasses. In vitro studies of samples in SBF had shown that the pH of the solution increased after immersion of samples during the initial stage and then after reaching maxima it decreased with the increase in the immersion time. In vitro test in SBF indicated that the addition of Al₂O₃ up to 1.5 mol% resulted in an increase in bioactivity where as further addition of Al₂O₃ caused a decrease in bioactivity of the samples. The biocompatibility of these bioactive glass samples was studied using human osteoblast (MG-63) cell lines. The results obtained suggested that Li₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅-SiO₂-based bioactive glasses containing alumina would be potential materials for biomedical applications.

12 illus, 61 ref

000716   Talukdar A;Laishram K (NO, , ) : PC cum android mobile based electrical appliances control. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(3), 49-52.

This work aims at controlling the electrical appliances through a personal computer (PC) or an android mobile. This system is integrated with the electrical loads and also connected to the PC or an android mobile where centralized control takes place. With this system, one can control the electrical appliances ON/OFF by just being seated at one place using a PC loaded with a graphical user interface (GUI)-based control panel or Real Term and also the loads can be controlled from an android mobile with the help of an android app. The user can switch ON/OFF any appliance by sending the commands to the PC or mobile handset; and as a result of which the PC or mobile handset will send the signal to the microcontroller-based relay board to do the desired task.

000715   Srivastava A K;Rai Dixit A;Tiwari S (NO, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826 004, Email: ashish7185@gmail.com) : Investigation of micro-strictural and mechanical properties of metal matrix composite A359/B₄C through electromagnetic stir casting. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 171-80.

In recent years, instead of the conventional structural materials, aluminium-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) are being widely used in aerospace and automotive industries because of their valuable engineering qualities, such as, specific strength, light weight and greater stiffness. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to fabricate MMC of an alloy of aluminium A359, reinforced with B₄C micron-size particles using electromagnetic stir casting method. Mechanical stir casting route was also used to fabricate another sample to compare the experimental results. The fabricated samples of MMC are analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) are also studied to validate the process of fabrication. Different mechanical tests for tensile strength, toughness, hardness and porosity were carried out for both the samples. The results showed that the electromagnetic stir casting could produce uniformly distributed reinforced particles of B₄C particles in A359 alloy as compared to mechanical stirring, which, in turn, could improve mechanical properties.

14 illus, 48 ref

000714   Soleymani M;Edrissi M (Chemical Engineering Dep, Amirkabir Univ of Technology, Hafez Ave., 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran, Email: msol.chem.eng@aut.ac.ir) : Preparation of manganese-based perovskite nanoparticles using a reverse microemulsion method" biomedical applications. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 487-90.

In this study, La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_0.98Ti_0.02O₃ (LSMTO) nanoparticles with a perovskite structure and an average particle size of 23.5 nm were synthesized using a reverse microemulsion method. In this method, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a surfactant, 1-butanol as a co-surfactant, n-hexane as a continuous oil phase, and an aqueous solution containing metal cations or precipitating agent as a dispersed aqueous phase. The aqueous nanodroplets of microemulsions were used for the formation of perovskite precursor. The obtained precursor was then calcined at 700°C for 4 h to convert the precursor to the perovskite phase. In addition, the heating ability of the LSMTO nanoparticles was evaluated under a safe alternating magnetic field used in magnetic hyperthermia therapy. The results showed the fast magneto-temperature response of the prepared sample with sufficient heat loss at the therapeutic temperature range, indicating the LSMTO nanoparticles can be used as a self-regulated heating agent in the magnetic hyperthermia therapy.

5 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

000713   Singhal A K;Shukla L;Gupta A;Iqbal M;Singh D; Gupta M K (NO, , ) : Solar electric powered hybrid vehicle. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(3), 9-16.

The renewable energy is vital for today's world as the nonrenewable sources that we are using are going to get exhausted in near future. The solar vehicle is a step in saving these nonrenewable sources of energy. The basic principle of Solar/Electric Powered Hybrid Vehicle (SEPHV) is to use energy that is stored in a battery during and after charging it from a solar panel. The charged batteries are used to drive the motor which serves here as an engine and moves the vehicle in reverse or forward direction. The electrical tapping rheostat is provided to control the motor speed. This avoids excess flow of current when the vehicle is supposed to be stopped suddenly as in normal cars with regards to fuel. This idea, in future, may help to protect our fuels from getting extinguished. This view ignited us to develop SEPHV. This multicharging vehicle can charge itself from both solar and electric power. The vehicle is altered out of a two-wheeler vehicle by replacing its engine with a 48 V brushless DC (BLDC) motor. Supply to the motor is obtained from a battery set of 12 V, 24 AH. The household electric supply of 230 V is reduced with a step-down transformer to 48 V and then it is converted to the DC with a rectifying unit to charge the battery of four solar panels. Each with a rating of 20 Watts are attached to the top of the vehicle to grab the solar energy and is controlled with the help of MCB controller. The SEPHV can be driven by 48 Watt BLDC motor consisting of four 20 Watts photovoltaic (PV) panel in the voltage rating of 18.38 V. The power which is absorbed by the PV panel is stored into the four 24 AH 12 V batteries. When there is absence of sun, electric power supply act as an auxiliary energy source. For controlling speed of the motor, a switch is designed with four tapping, provided with different values of resistance at each tapping. It acts as a speed control switch for SEPHV. This type of technique is developed to reduce the running cost and increase the running efficiency of the vehicle. The performance of SEPHV was found to be satisfactory for the load of four people with the average speed of 40 Km/h. The total cost of the vehicle is 18000 INR.

000712   Singh S;Singh R (NO, Punjab Technical Univ, Kapurthala-144 601, Email: rupindersingh78@yahoo.com) : Experimental investigations for use of nylon6 industrial waste as FDM feedstock filament for investment casting appications. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 181-7.

The present research work highlights a new route for the development of alternative cost-effective feedstock filament of fused deposition modelling (FDM) by using waste nylon6. Nylon6 based industrial waste has been collected from local sources and recycled, after reinforcing with Al and Al₂O₃, through single screw extruder. Melt flow index (MFI), as per ASTM-D01238 standard, of various proportions of nylon6, Al and Al₂O₃ has tested in order to establish the required filament proportion. The alternative FDM filament was used in existing FDM system and patterns are developed for investment casting (IC) process. The tribological and microstructure analysis conducted on the resulting castings highlighted the presence of Al₂O₃ particles. The present methodology is novel and could be used for the development of functionally graded material with tailor made properties.

8 illus, 7 tables, 32 ref

000711   Singh P K;Pankaj Kumar;Hussain M;Das A K; Nayak G C (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, Email: eralok@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles using strong base electrolyte through electrochemical discharge process. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 469-78.

In the present study, cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized by electrochemical discharge process using strong base electrolytes. The experiments were carried out separately using NaOH and KOH electrolytes. The mass output rate and the crystal size were obtained with variation of the rotation speed of magnetic stirrer for both types of electrolytes. The mass output rate of CuO nanoparticles increased with the increase in the speed of rotation, and, after an optimum speed, it started decreasing. However, the size of the particles reduced with the increase of the rotation speed. The crystal plane of the obtained CuO nanoparticles was similar for both the electrolytes whereas the yield of nanoparticles was higher in KOH as compared with NaOH under the same experiment conditions. In this set of experiments, the maximum output rates obtained were 21.66 mg h^-1 for NaOH and 24.66 mg h^-1 for KOH at 200 rpm for a single discharge arrangement. The average crystal size of CuO particles obtained was in the range of 13-18 nm for KOH electrolyte and 15-20 nm for NaOH electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that flower-like and caddice clew-shaped CuO nanocrystalline particles were synthesized by the electrochemical discharge process. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that the CuO nanoparticles have a pure and monolithic phase. UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy was used to monitor oxidation course of Cu → CuO and the band gap energy was measured as 2 and 2.6 eV for CuO nanoparticle synthesized in NaOH and KOH solutions, respectively.

10 illus, 82 ref

000710   Shveyov A I;Shveyova T V (Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Kazan Federal Univ, Russia-423 800, Naberezhnye Chelny, Prospect Syuyumbike, 10a, Email: Asttv@mail.ru) : Process of predicting the hardness of welded joints detail. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 493-500.

The possibility of predicting the mechanical properties of welded joints of metal materials at the weld hardness example. Identified according to the quality of the images on the results of the parameterization of microstructures. The nature of the influence of defects of welded joints on the parameters of order and uniformity of structure. A probabilistic prediction algorithm based on the mechanical properties of the structure and characteristics of the calculation by calculating the temperature change during welding. The study conducted adaptation of the method of parameterization of microstructures applied to welded joints of austenitic steels, to establish the relationship between the conditions of preparation, structural defects and the results of parameterization.

8 illus, 20 ref

000709   Shukla M;Ghosh S;Dandapat N;Mandal A K;Balla V K (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata-700 032, Email: sumana@cgcri.res.in) : Microwave-assisted brazing of alumina ceramic for electron tube applications. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 587-91.

Alumina was joined with alumina using microwave-assisted and conventional brazing methods at 960°C for 15 min using TiCuSil (68.8Ag-26.7Cu-4.5Ti in wt.%) as the brazing alloy. The brazed joints were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Vickers microhardness evaluation, brazing strength measurement and helium leak test. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of Ti-based compounds at the substrate-filler alloy interfaces of the microwave and conventionally brazed joints. The elemental compositions at the joint cross-section were determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Vickers microhardness measurement indicated reliable joint performance for the microwave-assisted brazed joints during actual application in an electron tube. Brazing strength measurement and helium leak test provided the evidence for good alumina-alumina joint formation.

6 illus, 25 ref

000708   Shrivastava A;Sharma S K (NO, , ) : Reliable routing archtecture and algorithm for network-on-chip. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(3), 40-8.

The Net work-on-Chip (NoC) is Network-version of System-on-Ch'tp (SoC) means that on-chip communication through packet based networks. In NOC topology, routing algorithm and switching are main terminology. The routing algorithm is one of the kev factors in NoC architecture. The routing algorithm, which, defines as the path taken by a packet between the source and the destination. The paper proposes a novel algorithm for a Network-on-Chip, which is based on packet switching. Using square mesh techniques used for 16 nodes based NoC design and simulation. The node is equal to row and column. Paper discusses internal architecture of NoC using addressable memory and simulate on XIL1NX 14.1 ISE MODELSIM.

000707   Sherawat V K;Chunn A (NO, , ) : 1-Bit full adder's analysis and comparison. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(2), 1-6.

The full adder circuit forms the basis of majority of digital circuits. Improvement in a basic full adder circuit in terms of area, power and delay affect the performance of whole system. It becomes compulsory to investigate and analyze the performance of implementation of full adder circuit in literature, till now. In this paper, a study is carried out to look into performance parameters of full adder circuit using different logic styles. The simulations are carried out on SPICE using 0.25 um technology.

000706   Shekhar D;Raman A (NO, , ) : Designing of low power charge pump circuit with minimum current mismatch for high speed PLL applications. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(3), 1-8.

Charge pump (CP) is one of the necessary block of phase locked circuit (PLL). This paper presents the new design of CP circuit, i.e., cascode current source biased transmission gate based CP circuit. Cascode current mirror, transmission gate switches and unity gain follower amplifier are combined to design the CP circuit in 65 nm technology. The reference current is used to bias the switches of CP circuit so that current mismatch problem in the proposed circuit will be removed. The proposed design is simulated using cadence spectre tool. Simulation results describes that the proposed circuit has a wide output range of 0.44-0.85 V. The supply voltage for proposed design is 1.1 V. The design has low power consumption of nearly 55 μw. Maximum current mismatch in the proposed circuit is nearly 10%. The design has a moderate phase noise, i.e., approximately -105 dBc/Hz at 200 MHz. The performance of the proposed design is compared with existing design available in the literature.

000705   Sharma P;Shrivastava S M;Mishra A;Parganiha R (NO, , ) : Optimization of Mach-Zehnder modulator for intersatellite communication. J Commun Engng Syst 2016, 5(1), 32-38.

The Objective of this review paper is to make the readers understand the key terms related to Intersatellite Optical Wireless Communication System to help them carry out their future project work.The concept of wireless communication system has paved its way in optical communication system replacing long lengthy fibers which were previously opted. This has enabled optical wireless systems to be used in free space communications as well. A network is required enabling communication between the satellites prevailing in space because of increasing number of satellites in free space. Higher data rates of Gbps can be achieved using laser communication along with greater distance offered. The communication being carried out between the satellites in space via optical wireless systems is basically termed as Intersatellite Optical Wireless Communication (IsOWC). In this review paper, Intersatellite Optical Wireless Communication (IsOWC) system modelling and simulation for performance characterization and estimation are specifically understood and discussed. The system parameters namely bit rates, receiver sensitivity and distance of LEO and GEO intersatellite links were found.The intersatellite link was designed and simulated using a known optical system simulator named OptiSystem by Optiwave.

^iia

000704   Seifolazadeh A;Mohammadi S (Malek-Ashtar Univ of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tehran, P.O. Box 15875-1774, Email: S_Mohammadi_Chem_Eng@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of nanoboron powders prepared with mechanochemical reaction between B₂O₃ and Mg powders. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 479-86.

Amorphous boron powders with small particle size, narrow size distribution and high purity are very important in the high-tech fields. Mechanochemical synthesis was used to prepare amorphous boron nanoparticles. Synthesis process stage was carried out using stoichiometric amounts of B₂O₃ and Mg powders (6.7 g). Milling was carried out under argon atmosphere in the high-energy planetary ball mill with a ball-to-powder weight ratio (32 : 1) for 10 h. The vial rotation speed was about 440 rpm. Milled products were leached by 28% hydrochloric acid (only one) to remove impurities. Boron powders were obtained after centrifuging, decanting, washing and drying operations. Sample was characterized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ICP results showed that boron powders with purity about 91 wt% can be prepared in the planetary ball mill. Also, the leached powders had an amorphous structure. According to the SEM observation, average particle size of boron powders was smaller than 32 nm and the yield of synthesized nanoboron was more than 74%.

8 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

000703   Saeidi M;Givi M K B;Faraji G (Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: ghfaraji@ut.ac.ir) : Microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar aluminum alloys/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite joint via friction stir welding. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 152-8.

In this study, AA5083-H116 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys are joined by friction stir welding (FSW) and incorporating alumina nanoparticles into the joint to produce an aluminum alloys/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite. The joining process is carried out by using a square pin profile tool at rotational and traverse speeds of 800 rpm and 50 mm/min, respectively. Microstructural investigation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) are revealed a clustered structure that consists of Al₂O₃-rich and Al₂O₃-free areas in the stir zone (SZ). Besides, it is observed that the grain size of the joint is reduced after addition of nanoparticles. Moreover, owing to the presence of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, the resultant hardness profile shows the superior hardness of the reinforcement-included specimen, while the ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation are reduced.

13 illus, 42 ref

000702   Raghuram H S;Pradeep S;Dash S;Chowdhury R; Mazumder S (Chemical Engineering Dep, BITS-Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan-333 031, Email: sonal.mazumder@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in) : Chitosan-encapsulated ZnS : M (M:Fe<. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 405-13.

Chitosan-encapsulated Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺-doped ZnS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using chemical precipitation method. Though there are many reports on bio-imaging applications of ZnS QDs, the present study focussed on the new type of microbial-induced corrosive bacteria known as sulphate-reducing bacteria, Thiobacillus novellus. Sulphate-reducing bacteria can obtain energy by oxidizing organic compounds while reducing sulphates to hydrogen sulphide. This can create a problem in engineering industries. When metals are exposed to sulphate containing water, water and metal interacts and creates a layer of molecular hydrogen on the metal surface. Sulphate-reducing bacteria then oxidize the hydrogen while creating hydrogen sulphide, which contributes to corrosion for instance, in pipelines of oil and gas industries. In this study, detection and labelling of sulphate-reducing bacteria is demonstrated using fluorescent QDs. Chitosan capped ZnS QDs were synthesized using dopants at different doping concentrations. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and FTIR characterizations were done to identify the optical band gap energy, crystal planes and determine the presence of capping agent, respectively. The morphology and the average particle size of 3.5 ± 0.2 nm were analysed using TEM which substantiated UV-Vis and XRD results. Photoluminescence spectroscopy detected the bacteria attachment to the QDs by showing significant blue shift in bacteria conjugated ZnS QDs. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the fluorescent labelling of QDs to Thiobacillus novellus bacteria cells making them ideal for bio-labelling applications.

11 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

000701   Pinho L V;Carou D;Davim J P (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Aveiro Univ, Campus Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal, Email: diecapor@gmail.com) : Delamination of carbon fiber reinforced plastics: analysis of the drilling method. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 134-8.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are being extensively used in industries like aeronautics. The use of CFRPs in different types of parts requires performing conventional machining operations such as drilling. During the drilling process, the work-pieces can suffer damage in form of delamination. The present study shows an analysis of the delamination at the entrance and exit movements of the drill, evaluating the influence of the feed rate, type of drills and drilling method. The results of the study include the recognition of the influence of the feed rate on the evolution of the delamination, specially, at the entrance movement of the drill. Moreover, in general, the use of diamond drills provides slightly better results than TiN/TiAlN coated drills. Regarding the drilling methods, it was identified better results when using the pre-drilling and standard methods. The results of the sacrificial plate and, specially, the sandwich method are on average the worst of all.

4 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

000700   Patel S S;Patel R R (NO, , ) : Breakdown characteristics of solid insulating materials for high voltage applications. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(3), 17-24.

Electrical power systems are experiencing significant changes worldwide both in size and in complexities. Rapid growth of the power sector in the nation provides the opportunity to power engineer to design the power equipment which can with stand the high voltage and also provide reliability during their operating life. As the generating capacity of power plants have increased in recent time, application of high voltage has also intensively increased due to their inherent advantages, such as; greater efficiency and cost effectiveness. To overcome the modern energy demand, it's required to develop highly complex and reliable power system from transmission to distribution unit and for that it's very much essential to develop the better quality insulating material. In this work, the breakdown strength of solid insulating materials are obtained with the help of electrode assembly according to IS 2584-1963 and ASTM D149-97a. In this paper simulation of various insulating material are performed by using finite element method and simulation results obtained are compared with the experimental results. Experimental results are also analyzed by using weibull statistics. Results obtained with weibull statistics helps to identify the best insulating material which is efficient and reliable for high voltage applications.

000699   Patel S B;Patel A A Shah;Sanghvi R C;Parekh C H;Sindhav N J (NO, , ) : Optimum circumscribing circle division method for getting maximum full factor in transformer core. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(2), 13-7.

As far as the optimum design of transformer is concerned, researchers generally concentrate on minimizing cost, no load and load losses etc. by choosing K-factor, Flux density, Current density etc. as design variables. But, the design of core has remained an unexplored area. Transformer manufacturing industry uses traditional technique to find out the core design dimensions. However, in that method, the fill factor for the desired number of steps is not maximized. The advantages of maximizing the fill factor includes reduced diameter and hence reduced copper material and associated cost and losses, increased efficiency, etc. In this paper, a new method, referred to as Optimum Circumscribing Circle Division Method (OCCDM), is suggested to maximize the fill factor for the desired number of steps in the transformer core.

000698   Panthi S K;Hora M S;Ahmed M (NO, CSIR-Advanced Materials & Processing Research Institute, Bhopal-462 02426, Email: sanjay_panthi@yahoo.co.in) : Artifical neural network and experimental stufy of effect of velocity on springback in straight flanging process. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 159-64.

Flanging is one of the sheet metal forming processes that applies in various industries to bend the sheet at a particular angle in automobile and fabrication industries. Springback always remains a major concern in any sheet metal forming process. It is mainly due to elastic recovery of the materials. It is a major failure in any sheet metal bending process and it deviate the final product from the desired geometry. It depends on different geometrical, material and process parameters. This investigation is particularly address the one of process parameter, i.e., effect of velocity on springback in straight flanging process and it is carried out by conducting many experiments. It reveals from this study that the velocity of forming affects the springback in this process and springback angle varies nonlinearly with respect to punch velocity. Back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) model is also introduced to predict the springback angle. A three layered (3-6-1) network is selected and trained it by 32 set of the experimental results. The results of ANN model are compared with experimental results, which show a very good agreement.

2 tables, 19 ref

000697   Panda S;Yadav K K;Nayak P S;Arakha M;Jha S (Life Science Dep, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769 008, Email: mano.nitr@gmail.com) : Screening of metal-resistant coal mine bacteria for biofabrication of elemental silver nanoparticle. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 397-404.

Green synthesis approaches for nanoparticle synthesis are considered as nontoxic, eco-friendly and cost-effective approaches than other physical and chemical approaches. Here, we report green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using the bacteria from the habitat of relatively metal-rich coal mine dust. The bacteria showed resistance to significant concentration of anti-microbial Ag(I) ion. The nanoparticle was synthesized at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ag(I) using only two isolates. The synthesis of silver nanoparticle was confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance property of the nanoparticle, whereas morphological features were studied using field emission scanning electron microscope. The hydrodynamic size analysis showed the presence of microparticles along with the nanoparticles. Additionally, IR study provided information about the bacterial proteins involved in either reduction of Ag(I) into silver nanoparticle or capping of reduced silver nanocrystal or both. Thus, majority of the bacteria found in the coal mines have the resistance against the antimicrobial metal ion, and the potential to reduce the ion into nano- or micro-particles. Hence, the bacteria can be used as a single cell factory for production of silver nanomaterial.

7 illus, 27 ref

000696   Pakhare S B;Ubale M;Gawai J;Farooqui M (Post Graduate & Research Centre, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, Email: mazahar_64@rediffmail.com) : Kinetics and mechanistic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde using potassium permanganate. J advd scient Res 2015, 6(2), 1-09.

Permagnetic oxidation of 2,4-diChlorobenzaldehyde has been studied at different temperatures using spectrophotometer under acidic conditions. The effect of variation of substrate (2,4-diCB), oxidant (KMnO₄) and H₂SO₄ was studied under pseudo first order reaction conditions. The effect of different salts on oxidation of 2,4-diCB was also studied. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to oxidant, substrate and H₂SO₄. A suitable mechanism is also suggested for the oxidation reaction.

12 illus, 8 tables, 13 ref

000695   Nayak M R (NO, , ) : Next gen aerospace engineering and technology research. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2015, 5(3), 60-1.

Recently, there has been a tremendous interest in aerospace science, engineering and technology. The opportunities are numerous in flight dynamics, from cell tracking to surveillance, security, autonomy and communication systems; aircraft structures, propulsion systems, wind tunnels, computational theoretical and experimental aerodynamics, electromagnetics, avionics and the whole range of activities with an opportunity for research in these and related areas. There appears to be a huge gap in the integration of models, filtering methods with data acquisition, signal processing techniques, and methods. Aerospace Research is experiencing a remarkable multi-dimensional growth through innovation and opportunities. The aerospace engineering has expanded from hardware-based science, technology and engineering to systems and system-based engineering.

^ssc

000694   Nassri R M (Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Tehnology of Kasserine, Kairouan Univ, BP 471, 1200 Kasserine, Tunisia, Email: rafik_mnasri@yahoo.fr) : Magnetocaloric effect and its implementation in critical behaviour study of La_0.67Ca_0.33Mn_0.9Fe_0.1O₃. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(2), 351-7.

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and the field dependence of the magnetic entropy changes in the perovskite-type La_0.67Ca_0.33Mn_0.9Fe_0.1O₃ were studied using the phenomenological model. The model parameters were determined from the magnetization data adjustment and used to give better fits to magnetic transition and to calculate the magnetocaloric properties. The entropy curves have been observed to behave a symmetrical broadning of ΔS_M peak with the increase in magnetic field. The values of maximum magnetic entropy change, full-width at half-maximum, relative cooling power (RCP) and the refrigerant capacity (RC), at several magnetic field variations, were calculated. The maximum magnetic entropy change of 1.17 J kg^-1 K^-1 was obtained for 3 T. The theoretical calculations were compared with the available experimental data. The results were found to be in good accordance. The critical exponents associated with ferromagnetic transition have been determined from the MCE methods. By using the field dependence of ΔS_max ÷ a (μ₀H)ⁿ and the RCP ÷ v (μ₀H)^w, the critical behaviour of La_0.67Ca_0.33Mn_0.9Fe_0.1O₃ was investigated. From the analysis of the relationship between the local exponent n and w, other exponents β, γ and δ were calculated. Our results indicated that the ferromagnetic coupling in the La_0.67Ca_0.33Mn_0.9Fe_0.1O₃ can be well described by the 3D Heisenberg model. This reflects an existence of ferromagnetic short-range order in the sample.

7 illus, 2 tables, 61 ref

000693   Mishra P;Dewangan N (NO, , ) : Performance analysis of co-operative spectrum sensing using optimization in cognitive radio. J Commun Engng Syst 2016, 5(1), 1-6.

A cognitive radio system is a mechanism which allows unlicensed (cognitive) user to utilize free bands. Cognitive users detect the presence of such free bands and energy detection which is highly regarded as a prospective technique for this spectrum sensing task. The main aim is to optimize the detection performance in an efficient and implementable way and to reduce the probability of error, which mainly occurs in the wireless channel. The analysis is done under the Rayleigh fading channel. However, there exist two kinds of detection errors (i.e., miss-detection error and false-alarm error), which degrade the sensing performance severely. To overcome the entire problems in the cognitive radio network, the authors need to use an optimization algorithm, which gives the satisfactory result in the given environment. Due to its simplicity and its multi handling capabilities, Genetic Algorithm(GA) is used. The result is compared with Conventional Energy Detector and it is evident from the comparison that, GA finds better solution to the given problem.

ref

000692   Malarvannan R R R;Moorthy T V;Hariharan P; Prabhu P (Manufacturing Engineering Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: malarvannan112@gmail.com) : Investigation on HSS single point cutting tool manufactured using physical vapor deposition coating process. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(2-3), 129-33.

Enhancement of wear resistance is of a major interest for the cutting tool industry. This work emphasizes the influence of bilayer coating on high speed steel single point cutting tool using physical vapor deposition technique. The high speed steel (HSS) substrate is coated first with TiN followed by coating of AlCrN. The microstructure of the coated tool is observed using scanning electron microscope. The hardness and wear resistance are determined for both coated and uncoated tools using Vicker's microhardness test and tool weight loss percentage method, respectively. Corrosion test is carried out by salt spray test. The machining performance of the bilayer coated tools is evaluated and compared with that of the uncoated tools. The life of coated tools is about 4.41 times higher than that of uncoated tool.

7 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref