Jaya K P;Bindhu K R;Srinivasan M
002667 Jaya K P;Bindhu K R;Srinivasan M (Structural Engineering Div, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai-600 025) : Effect of reinforcement percentage on the cyclic behaviour of columns. J Instn Engrs-Pt CI 2008, 89(Nov), 39-48.
In multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings the seismic inertia forces generated at its floor levels are transferred through the various structural elements to the ground. The failure of a column can affect the stability of the whole building, but the failure of a beam causes localized effect. Lack of ductility in columns, beams, and connections has been blamed for the most serious damage to the major structures that occurred during recent earthquakes. The performances of RC columns subjected to cyclic loading were studied to determine the favorable percentage of longitudinal reinforcement. Twelve, one-third scaled column specimens having cross section 95 mm x 95 mm were tested under cyclic loading. The percentage of longitudinal reinforcement, orientation of hooks of laterals, and axial load were the main parameters in the experimental program. Test results indicate that columns with 1.7% longitudinal steel and with 135° hook for lateral ties achieved better performances under cyclic loading.
13 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref
Jatinder Singh;Basappa;Rohit Kumar
002666 Jatinder Singh;Basappa;Rohit Kumar (Flight Mechanics and Control Div, National Aerospace Laboratories, Post Box. 1779, Bangalore-560 017, Email: jatin@ccs.nal.res.in) : Identification of aeroelastic quasi-steady effects through flex factor. J Aerospace Sci Technol 2008, 60(4), 247-54.
Rigid body modeling for estimation of aerodynamic derivatives from the flight responses of a flexible aircraft does not yield the true stability and control parameters of the aircraft, as the estimated derivatives absorb the aeroelastic effects present in the data. The analytical expressions for computing the rigid body derivatives from the flight-estimated values require knowledge of aircraft modal mass and generalized elastic deflections which is not always available. Thia-pftper Considers a simplified approach based on quasi-steady representation of aeroelastic effects to identify the rigid body parameters from the flexible aircraft responses. Results show that, by combining data at several flight conditions, system identification method can be applied to separate the rigid body derivatives and the dynamic pressure dependent quasi-steady effects caused by structural deformation.
2 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref
Janardanan V K;Adithan M;Radhakrishnan P
002665 Janardanan V K;Adithan M;Radhakrishnan P (GSLV Project, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO Post, Thiruvananthapuram-695 022, Email: vk_janardhanan@vssc.gov.in) : Step PDM schema based product structure manager for collaborative assembly modeling. J Aerospace Sci Technol 2008, 60(2), 146-58.
STEP PDM Schema based Pro duct Structure Manager is presented that enables designers to hold virtual meetings via the Internet and allows collaborative viewing, modify product structure and annotate the 3D model. This Product Structure Manager provides a shared platform for the designers. Two specific factors have been incorporated in developing the Product Structure Manager. Firstly heterogeneous application systems are being used by designers and secondly geographically dispersed designers and team members. In this context, STEP standard has accordingly utilized to address the issue of heterogeneous application systems and the Product Structure Manager has been developed as a Web-based module to integrate the designers. A case study has been carried out with this developed architecture for assembly modeling of a launch vehicle system called LHRS. LHRS is a system, which holds the launch vehicle in the launch pad and safeguards the vehicle without toppling due to ground wind and other off nominal lift off conditions.
11 illus, 21 ref
Iqbal A
002664 Iqbal A (Electrical Engineering Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002) : Indirect rotor field oriented control of a five-phase induction motor drive - an experimental investigation. J Instn Engrs-Pt EL 2008, 89(Dec), 25-30.
Multi-phase ac motor drives are now-a-days considered for various applications, due to numerous advantages that they offer when compared to their three-phase counterpart. In principle, control methods for multi-phase machines are the same as for three-phase machines. Analyses operation of an indirect rotor flux oriented controlled five-phase induction machine with current control in the stationary reference frame. Performance, obtainable with ramp-comparison current control, is illustrated for a number of operating conditions on the basis of experimental results.. Full decoupling of rotor flux control and torque control is realised. Dynamics, achievable with a five-phase vector controlled induction machine, are shown to be essentially identical to those obtainable with a three-phase induction machine.
4 illus, 10 ref
Gurdeep Singh;
002663 Gurdeep Singh; (Environmental Science & Engineering and Centre of Mining Environment D, ISM University, Dhanbad) : Emission factor equation development for estimation of SPM and RPM for mining operations: a study for mineral mines in Karnataka. Indian Min Engng J 2008, 47(12), 28-32.
Opencast system of mining affords the easiest, quickest, safest and cost effective way of exploiting mineral resources. However, opencast mining is always associated with severe environmental degradation particularly air pollution. Quantification of air pollution is necessary to implement mitigative measures. Quantification is has long been done using emission factor equations. An attempt has been made to develop emission factor equation for the estimation of SPM and RPM from opencast mineral mines in Karnataka province. Emission inventory for 13 opencast mineral mines in Karnataka were collected for post-monsoon, winter and summer seasons. The data so collected was used to develop emission factor equations for the estimation of emission of SPM and RPM from overall mine operation. The derived formulae are validated for data of each mine by comparing the observed and predicted data, which is then analyzed statistically to measure the accuracy of the equations in predicting the concentration of SPM and RPM. The statistical analysis shows that the equations are pperforming well for the
4 table, 13 ref
Gupta V;Ramamoorty M;Kelkar R B
002662 Gupta V;Ramamoorty M;Kelkar R B (Electrical Research and Development Association, , Makarpura G I D C, Vadodara, Gujarat) : Novel techniques for compensating negative sequence voltage using instantaneous active reactive power theory. J Instn Engrs-Pt EL 2008, 89(Dec), 31-6.
Presents a novel and online method for detecting negative sequence voltage and its compensation. It is based on instantaneous active reactive power theory. Using this theory, negative sequence and zero sequence components are computed online. The α - β transformation is real unlike the symmetrical components transformation which is complex and used to find out negative sequence components. So online negative sequence components detection using α - β transformation becomes simple. The theory is verified through simulation and experimentation results.
9 illus, 10 ref
Gupta R;Sarangi A K
002661 Gupta R;Sarangi A K (Uranium Corporation of India Ltd, , Jaduguda) : Uranium mining potential of India. Indian Min Engng J 2008, 47(10), 55-9.
Gui X;Yuan X
002660 Gui X;Yuan X (School of Man-Machine-Environment Engineering, Beijing Univ of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China, Email: gxhbox@sina.com.cn) : Thermal analysis of heat pipe receiver in advanced solar dynamic system. J Aerospace Sci Technol 2008, 60(4), 269-74.
Unit heat pipe receiver in advanced solar dynamic system was numerically simulated. Accordingly, mathematical model was set up, numerical calculation method was offered, numerical results were compared with the experimental results concerned. The temperature field of PCM (Phase Change material) was shown, the thermal performance of heat pipe receiver was analyzed. Analysis results show the axial and radial temperature difference of heat pipe are small; the thermal performance of heat pipe receiver is stable and reliable. The existence of void cavity influences the process of phase change; the temperature gradient of PCM zone is very significant because of the effect of void cavity.
11 illus, 1 table, 10 ref
Ghayoula R;Fadllah N;Gharsallah A;Rammal M
002659 Ghayoula R;Fadllah N;Gharsallah A;Rammal M (Laboratoire de physique de la matiere molle, Unite de recherche : Circuits et systemes electroniques HF Faculte des, Campus Universitaire, Tunis EL-manar, 2092, Tunisie) : Neural modelling for synthesis of sector beam and multibeam array antennas. Karpagam J Comput Sci 2008, 2(5), 742-54.
A new and very speedy low-sidelobe pattern synthesis method for linear array antennas with periodic element spacing is described. This paper presents an efficient method for the pattern synthesis based on neural network modelling and Fourier transform method. The proposed synthesis method provides important improvements in terms of performance, computational speed, elasticity, and ease of implementation in software to the methods described in literature. A number of representative examples are presented to demonstrate the various unique capabilities of the method. The results include sum and difference patterns for antenna array. The approach combines a neural network with the hardware limitations of the array to place nulls in the directions of interference with small perturbations to the far-field pattern. Excellent nulling results are possible for most interference scenarios.
22 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref
Dey J
002658 Dey J (Larsen & Toubro Limited, , Kansbahal, Orissa) : Impact crusher: effect of operating parameter variables and areas of applications. Indian Min Engng J 2008, 47(10), 67-72.
9 illus
Das P R;Maharathi B B;Mallick R;Pani B B;Ray K
002657 Das P R;Maharathi B B;Mallick R;Pani B B;Ray K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, College of Engineering Univ, Burla, Sambalpur-768 018, Email: prdash_india@yahoo.co.in) : Parametric instability of an asymmetric, rotating sandwich beam. J Aerospace Sci Technol 2008, 60(4), 292-309.
The parametric dynamic stability of an asymmetric, rotating sandwich beam and subjected to an axial pulsating load is investigated. A set of Hills equations are obtained from the non-dimensional equation of motion by the application of the general Galerkin method. The zones of parametric instability are obtained using Saito Otomi conditions. The influence of core-loss factor, geometric parameters and rotation parameters on the zones of instability are investigated.
30 illus, 11 ref
Chanda R S;Samanta P;Sarkar S;Das P
002656 Chanda R S;Samanta P;Sarkar S;Das P (NO, Institute of Jute Technology, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Reliability analysis of jute spinning mill using fuzzy set concept. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2008, 89(Nov), 37-41.
A fuzzy set based reliability analysis of jute spinning mill is presented, which uses fault tree technique. A fault tree is constructed after finding the system minimal cuts up to third order, which contains the system components. Minimal cuts are determined based on the criteria that the component failure ensures the system failure. Fuzzy top event probabilities are calculated using trapezoidal nature fuzziness of primary event. Reliability improvement index (RII) and sensitivity index (Sl) calculation is proposed to establish the rank of components and cut sets and the degree of sensitivity of each component respectively.
3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref
Bindagi S V;Chaitanya B S;Badari Narayana K; Bhandari D R;Nair P S
002655 Bindagi S V;Chaitanya B S;Badari Narayana K; Bhandari D R;Nair P S (NO, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560 017) : Flow and thermal analysis of ariship. J Spacecraft Technol 2009, 19(2), 19-33.
Flow and thermal analysis has been carried out for a 20 m aerodynamically shaped geo-stationary airship. The peak load condition for the airship is evaluated by plotting all the loads as function of local time. Flow regime is established for both stagnant and windy ambient condition using modified Rayleigh number and Reynojds_number. The flow modelling inside the airship body is validated by comparing with values obtained from correlation. TMG and ESC modules of IDEAS software are used for the analysis purpose. Grid and element independence studies were conducted for the model. The importance of simulating the internal radiation exchange involving considerable computation time is highlighted. The airship gets cooled by seasonal winds and a study was conducted to assess the same. A study of electronic packages located inside the airship was conducted mainly to find out the limitations on the extent of heat flux that can be handled without active aids. Unlike spacecraft, the airship is very much affected by the presence of clouds. A comprehensive study is conducted to ascertain the impact of different types of clouds on the earthshine and albedo loads coming onto the airship. It is shown that clouds reduce the earthshine load and increase the albedo load. A study on the impact of latitude of airship on the load variation also is conducted. Loads are calculated as a function of latitude and sun declination. It is found that even within the Indian region the loads vary significantly. It is shown that inflight temperature variation of the gas directly affects the pressure or volume of the airship which are the main governing parameters. It is emphasized that these variations can be minimized by proper choice of skin outer surface finish with appropriate thermal characteristics.
30 illus, 13 tables, 11 ref
Bhargava D S;
002654 Bhargava D S; (NO, , Bhargava Lane, Devpura, Haridwar-249 401) : Modelling for organics and nutrients release during Benthal sludge stabilisation:I.organics. J Instn Engrs-Pt EN 2008, 89(Sept), 22-9.
Settleable solids in the untreated and partially treated domestic and industrial effluents discharged into a river system undergoes settling and decomposition in the form of benthal sludge deposits, Early models of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) assimilation in rivers do not account for the BOD contribution by these benthal sludge deposits. In this paper, a model for computations of the BOD contribution by benthos (both from the top aerobic layers and the leached portion of BOD from the bottom anaerobic layers) was presented. Observations from three sets of experiments at the chosen overlying water flow rates (500 ml/min, 1000ml/. min and 1500 ml/min) show a higher BOD contribution by benthos at higher overlying water flow rates. The . ratio of the BOD contributions by benthos to the volatile solids in the top aerobic layers was lower when compared to the similar ratio in respect of the bottom layer volatile solids showing that a higher contribution was made by the top layers.
5 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref
Bera K;Mehta S;Prasad H;Parmar R M
002653 Bera K;Mehta S;Prasad H;Parmar R M (LSED/SEG/SEDA, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad-380 015) : Chandrayaan-1: hyper-spectral imager camera electronics. J Spacecraft Technol 2009, 19(2), 35-42.
The Hyper spectral Imager on, Chandrayaan-1 India's first mission to moon, makes use of lens, wedge filter, active pixel area array detector and miniaturized electronics to provide a highly compact low power and weight payload. The camera electronics is designed to generate stimuli for the detector operation and process the detector digital data. Real time data storage and processing is carried out onboard. Camera electronics incorporates various programmable features. There are two coarse gain and four exposure level settings based on the intensity of scene illumination. The onboard processing takes care of the yaw rotation of the spacecraft. Redundancy is incorporated wherever necessary based on the system requirements. Camera electronics is custom developed with main goals of low weight, volume, size and power meeting the overall system requirements. Detailed simulation, testing and analysis have been carried out on the design. Consistent performance has been achieved during all the tests and the designed performance at the camera level has been validated through testing and pictures received from Chandrayaan-1.
6 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref
Bathusha M I;Saseetharan M K
002652 Bathusha M I;Saseetharan M K (Civil Engineering Dep, PSG College of technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Spatial distribution of groundwater quality in 72 municipal wards of Coimbatore city. J Instn Engrs-Pt EN 2008, 89(Sept), 44-51.
Groundwater samples from 144 bore wells located in the 72 wards of the Coimbatore city were coIlected and analysed for various physiochemical and chemical characteristics. The characteristics included study are turbidity, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chlorides, ham alkalinity, calcium, sodium and potassium. Estimated parameters at different locations were compared the water quality standards of WHO, B/S and / or Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). It was j that in many of the sample locations all or most of the chemical characteristics fall out of the ran, recommendations given by the above standards. Since, the groundwater is the only water source residential areas not covered by Coimbatore city water supply, industries, commercial establishment for the construction industry it is expected for the out break of water borne health effects .and material damages in the construction of buildings.
1 illus, 2 table, 14 ref
Barisal A K;Hota P K;Chakrabarti R
002651 Barisal A K;Hota P K;Chakrabarti R (Electrical Engineering Dep, University College of Engineering, Burla, Orissa) : Dynamic search space squeezing technique for large scale optimal load dispatch. J Instn Engrs-Pt EL 2008, 89(Dec), 8-13.
Presents a new approach to the solution of optimal power generation for economic load dispatch (ELD) using dynamic search space squeezing strategy to particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique this paper an Improved PSO (IPSO) technique is suggested that deals with an inequality constraint treatment mechanism called dynamic search space squeezing strategy to accelerate the optimization process simultaneously the inherent basics of conventional PSO algorithm are preserved. The algorithm uses payoff information for finding feasible near global solutions to evaluate optimal generation. The proposed met easily takes care of transmission loss, dynamic operation constraints (ramp rate limits) and prohibited opera zones and also accounts the non-smoothness of cost function arising valve point loadings. To verify robustness and superiority of the proposed IPSO with one smooth and other non-smooth cost function with valve point loading effects is applied in ELD problems. The simulation results reveal that the proposed IP ensures convergence within an acceptable execution time and provides highly optimal solution as compared to the results of conventional numerical methods, Tabu search method, evolutionary programming approach genetic algorithm, modified Hopfield neural network, modified PSO and artificial immune system (A approaches reported in literature.
5 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref
Banerjee A;Shah D;Dubey N;Dhola H;Mehta S; Narayanababu P;Samudraiah D R M;Kiran Kumar A S
002650 Banerjee A;Shah D;Dubey N;Dhola H;Mehta S; Narayanababu P;Samudraiah D R M;Kiran Kumar A S (Sensors Development Area, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380 015) : Relization of area array imaging sensor for hyper spectral camera. J Spacecraft Technol 2009, 19(2), 13-18.
Hyper Spectral Imager (HySI) of Chandrayaan-1 is designed to map the lunar surface during two year mission period. The payload data is used to generate mineralogical map of lunar surface with 80m resolution. The weight, size and power budget for HySI was very stringent. Charge Coupled Device (CCD) fabrication process technology is optimized for imaging applications requiring low noise, high sensitivity and high modulation transfer function (MTF). But the Frame transfer CCD required in this application demand bulky, high power off-chip processing electronics. An alternative option was looked at to meet the mission requirements. CMOS image sensors are slowly replacing Charge Coupled Devices in highly miniaturized payloads for terrestrial and extraterrestrial missions because of the fact that they permit compact system design. The performance of Active Pixel Sensors (APS) fabricated in standard CMOS process has immensely improved over the last decade. Most of the off the shelf CMOS sensors are designed to readout pixels in rolling shutter mode. But the system configuration designed for HySI requires a snapshot sensor with read while integrate mode. Briefly highlights various key design aspects and results of tests carried out during realization of the Space qualified, radiation tolerant area APS array using 0.18mm CMOS process with integrated high speed timing, low noise internal biases, analog multiplexers, programmable analog video amplifiers, high precision analog to digital converter (ADC) and input-output interfaces to meet the mission requirements. Also describes a readout architecture implemented for on-chip spectral response compensation incorporating row wise programmable gain feature.
16 illus, 8 ref
Ashokan A;Ramesh K
002649 Ashokan A;Ramesh K (Applied Mechanics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Email: kramesh@iitm.ac.in ) : Quality assisted three fringe photoelasticity for autonomous evaluation of total fringe order. J Aerospace Sci Technol 2008, 60(2), 139-45.
Three fringe photoelasticity (TFP) is a technique for determining the total fringe order from a single colour isochromatic fringe field. In TFP, the total fringe order is obtained by comparing the colour of the unknown photoelastic fringe pattern with a calibration specimen. Comparison is conventionally done by minimising the colour difference error. This leads to incorrect evaluation of fringe order in some regions showing itself as noise when these values are plotted as an image, A new autonomous quality based approach is developed to identify and remove this noise. The method is explained by evaluating the total fringe order for the problem of a disc under diametral compression. The application of this methodology is demonstrated by solving two other example problems.
6 illus, 1 table, 12 ref
Arya R;Choube S C;Arya L D
002648 Arya R;Choube S C;Arya L D (Electrical Engineering Dep, SGSITS, Indore, M P) : System reliability enhancement using particle swarm optimization (PSO). J Instn Engrs-Pt EL 2008, 89(Dec), 44-7.
Describes a methodology for reliability allocation to various components of a system. The failure law of the components have been assumed exponential, ie, failure rates are constant. Hence the problem in turn becomes of allocation of failure rates for each component. The objective function is the minimization of total increased cost which is a function of increased reliability due to decrease in failure rate. Cost function is minimized subject to reliability constraints and upper bound on the component reliability increment. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used to get optimum solution. The developed algorithm has been implemented on a sample radial distribution system.
3 tables, 11 ref
Arya L D;Koshti A
002647 Arya L D;Koshti A (Electrical Engineering Dep, SGSITS, Indore) : Distributed generation capacity reliability evaluation using safety index. J Instn Engrs-Pt EL 2008, 89(Dec), 3-7.
Distributed generations (DG) are becoming important constituents of supply systems for distribution networks.Adequacy assessment of a distribution system having DG is an important issue which has been addressed. A methodology has been developed for planning DG in a distribution system using safety index. The methodology is based on peak load considerations. To have the adequacy of supply system a threshold. value of safety index (which is the ratio of reserve power to its standard deviation) must be maintained. Peak load as well as capacity of distribution substation has been assumed as normal distribution. Markov process has been used to model avaliability of power due to DG. A sample case study has been presented and results have been obtained.
2 tables, 6 ref
Amarjit;Gangwar R P S
002646 Amarjit;Gangwar R P S (Electronics Engineering Dep, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana-125 004) : Mathematical model for prediction of rain attenuation in microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. J Instn Engrs-Pt ET 2009, 90(Jul), 41-6.
The mathematical model is developed by non-linear regression using least square curve fitting on extinction cross section data derived from modified Pruppacher-and-Pitter raindrop model using finite element method in microwave and millimeter wave frequencies ranging from 1 GHz to 100 GHz with mean raindrop' radii from 0.25 mm to 3.5 mm for horizontal and vertical polarizations. This model gives results with good accuracy for calculating extinction cross section of raindrop and then it is applied on various raindrop size distributions for prediction of specific rain attenuation. The results of specific rain attenuation are compared with reported experimental data as well as model and found to be very close agreement.
4 illus, 17 ref
Ahmed M;Khan K D;Wamiq M
002645 Ahmed M;Khan K D;Wamiq M (NO, , PBA Division, SB Group, Post Box 9887, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia) : Application of strut-and-tie model to analyse complex structural members. J Instn Engrs-Pt CI 2008, 89(Nov), 3-6.
A 3-D strut-and-tie model is developed for the analysis of T-cantilever beam to demonstrate the usefulness and robustness of this technique for complex structural members and discussed. The basic concepts related to strut-and-tie method are also discussed. A 3-D finite element modelling is also conducted to compare the predicted force flows. The method needs to be standardized for the benefit of the Indian engineering community and should find a place in the documents of Bureau of Indian Standards.
5 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref
Adiga C S;Aithal R S
002644 Adiga C S;Aithal R S (Electrical and Electronics Dep, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal) : Evaluation of coefficient of utilization in interior lighting design from the photometric data of luminaire using artificial neural network. J Instn Engrs-Pt EL 2008, 89(Dec), 14-18.
An effort is made to enlighten the application of Artificial Neural Networks in the field of interior lighting design. The Coefficient of Utilization is an important parameter to be determined before deciding the number, wattage and alignment of lamps for a given application. The approximations and assumptions made in the conventional design procedure may arise ambiguities due to the interpolation of many factors like, zonal multipliers, lower flux utilance, etc. and hence may lead to poor results. The Artificial Neural Network developed not uses any particular mathematical model of the system and also it takes into account the nonlinearity. Therefore, the results obtained are more accurate, reliable and generates confidence than the conventional methods. Therefore, the customer will be benefited by the reduction of both capital and running costs.
2 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref
Prabhu S
002643 Prabhu S (Mechanical Engineering School, S R M University, , Chennai-603 203) : Production of carbon nanotube by electric arc discharge method. J Instn Engrs-Pt MM 2008, 89(Oct), 14-17.
Carbon nanotubes have been of great interest, both from a fundamental point of view and for ~ applications. The carbon arc discharge method, initially used for producing C60 fullerenes, is the most common and perhaps easiest way to produce carbon nanotubes. However. it is a technique that prod~ a mixture of components and requires separating nanotubes from the soot and the catalytic metals pre in the crude product. This method creates nanotubes through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods pIaced end to end, separated by approximately 1 mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium argon) at low pressure (between 50 mbar and 700 mbar). A direct current of 50 A to 100 A driven approximately 20 V creates a high temperature discharge between the two electrodes. Producing nanotubes in high yield depends on the uniformity of the plasma arc and the temperature of the deposit form on carbon electrode.
5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref
Zadeh M;Ali A;Golestaneh A F;Sahari B B
001757 Zadeh M;Ali A;Golestaneh A F;Sahari B B (Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia) : Three dimensional simulation of fatigue crack growth in friction stir welded joints of 2024-t351 Al alloy. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(9), 775-82.
Pedicts fatigue life and crack growth behaviour of Al 2024-T351 friction stir welded joint by boundary element method, using professional software package FRANC3D. Crack propagation is analyzed for residual stress and stress relaxation in different friction stir welding (FSW) regimes under cyclic loads. Linear elastic fracture mechanics model is applied and simulated parameters are verified with analytical and experimental observations.
Wang C H;Hsu Y I
001756 Wang C H;Hsu Y I (Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering Dep, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC) : Optimizing brake cup formulation using mixture experiments and principal component regression model. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(9), 769-74.
Focuses on developing an optimal formulation to improve reliability of brake cup for motors. Multiple physical properties of brake cup were simultaneously considered to determine optimal formulation using desirability function to enhance reliability. A real case demonstrates effectiveness of successfully developed high reliability brake cup at low manufacturing cost.
Waghmare C K
001755 Waghmare C K (NO, , ) : Design and development of hydro-mechanical cement block making machine. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2007, 88(Jun), 5-4.
Cement block is well-known concept for construction of walls. It is an evolution of soil blocks used for construction. Cement block making machine is an innovation for the civil construction application. It is universal type machine which can produce flyash brick, concrete block and paving blocks as per standard sizes. It consists of indexing rotary table, hydraulic power pack, removable die and punch assembly as per brick size and shape. Indexed rotary table has three stations, 120° apart, in which three die and punch assembly are mounted. Filling of raw material, pressing them into bricks, and ejecting the bricks are done simultaneously. Feeding is done either manually or through belt conveyor. Removal of bricks is carried out by manual process. Capacity of this machine is 4000-4800 blocks per shift of 8 h.
3 illus
Vinod P K;Venkatesh K V
001754 Vinod P K;Venkatesh K V (School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai, Mumbai-400 076) : Quantification of signaling networks. J Indian Inst Sci 2008, 88(1), 1-26.
Studies in living system in the past several decades have generated qualitative understanding of the molecular interactions resulting in large networks. These networks were essentially deciphered by breaking the components of a cell through a reductionist approach. Biological networks comprising of interactions between genes, proteins and metabolites co-ordinate in the regulation of cellular processes. However, understanding the cellular function also requires quantitative information including network dynamics, which results due to an inherent design principle embedded in the network. Interactions within the network are well organized to form a definite regulatory structure, which in turn exhibits different emergent properties. The property of the network helps the cell to achieve the desired phenotypic state in a controlled manner. The dynamics of the network or the relationship between network structure and cellular behavior cannot be understood intuitively from the interaction map of the network. Computational methods can now be employed to study these networks at system level. The field of systems biology looks at integrating the interaction maps obtained through molecular biological approach. Various studies at the system level have been reported for pathways namely chemotactic response in bacteria, cell cycle and osmotic signaling in yeast, growth factor stimulated signaling pathways in mammals. This review focuses on understanding signaling networks with the help of mathematical models.
12 illus, 143 ref
Urjavaran
001753 Urjavaran (NO, , ) : Fuel cell that uses bacteria to generate electricity. Energy Fuel Users J 2008, 58(1), 8-10.
Researchers at the Biodesign Institute are using the tiniest organisms on the planet - bacteria - as a viable option to make electricity. In a new study featured in the journal Biotechnology and Bio-engineering, lead author Andrew Kato Marcus and colleagues Gesar Torres and Bruce Rittmann have gained critical insights that may lead to commercialization of a promising MFC (microbial fuel cell) technology. 'We can use any kind of waste, such as sewage or pig manure, and the microbial fuel cell will generate electrical energy,' said Marcus, a Civil and Environmental Engineering graduate student and a member of the institute's Center for Environmental Biotechnology. Unlike conventional fuel cells that rely on hydrogen gas as a fuel source, the microbial fuel cell can handle a variety of water-based organic fuels. There is a lot of biomass out there that we look at simply as energy stored in the wrong place,' said Bruce Rittmann, director of the center. 'We can take this waste, keeping it in its normal liquid form, but allowing the bacteria to convert the energy value to our society's most useful form, electricity. They get food while we get electricity.
Singh R
001752 Singh R (Central Soil and Materials Station, , Olof Palme Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016, Email: rajbal_s@yahoo.co.in) : Excavation and support system for powerhouse cavern at Tala hydroelectric project im Bhutan. J Rock Mech Tunnelling Technol 2008, 14(1), 11-21.
Sharing the experience gained in excavation and support system and installation of 12/15m long Dywidag rock bolts in underground powerhouse hall cavern at Tala Hydroelectric Project in Bhutan. Site specific procedures evolved keeping in view the availability of construction machinery and associated quality assurance aspects have been high-lightened which could be practiced for similar situations in other projects.
7 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref
Sharma R;Sha O P
001751 Sharma R;Sha O P (Design Laboratory, Ocean Engineering and Novel Architecture Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: rajivatri@yahoo.com) : Development of a distributed simulation model for container terminal operational management for Indian ports. Indian Ports 2008, 39(4), 4-15.
India has a long coastline and large number of ports. Approximately 95% of India's international trade (i.e. export and import) by volume and 70% by value is traded via its maritime routes. This makes shipping a crucial activity for the growth of Indian economy, and its development is pivotal to the overall growth of the Indian economy. In the shipping port sector, container traffic and its distribution are dynamic, complicated, and highly non-linear; and hence are complex to manage. To efficiently function, and to provide strategic support for the increasing traffic, the ports must either expand infrastructural facilities or improve efficiency of existing operations, In aiming to explore the options through which ports can improve efficiency, this paper presents a container terminal simulation model and discusses components architecture that can be implemented with any object oriented language/Java. The paper aims to develop a model that can become a helping tool in the existing port decision support systems. Finally, author present the object oriented software design using UML with a case study.
11 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref
Sharanappa G;Reddy R P;Murthy C S
001750 Sharanappa G;Reddy R P;Murthy C S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Rural Engineering College, Bhalki, Karnataka, Email: gsharanappa@yahoo.com) : Fueling heavy-duty diesel engine with blends of methyl ester mahua oil and diesel fuel. Energy Fuel Users J 2008, 58(1), 29-36.
Neat Mahua oil poses some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in Cl engine. These problems can be reduced to minimum by subjecting the Mahua oil to the process of transesterification. Various properties of the biodiesel thus developed are evaluated and compared in relation to that of conventional diesel oil. The use of Biodiesel fuel as substitute for conventional petroleum fuel in heavy-duty diesel engine is receiving an increasing amount of attention. This interest is based on the properties of bio diesel including the fact that it is produced from a renewable resource, its biodegradability and its potential to exhaust emissions. Emissions were characterized with neat bio-diesel and blends of bio-diesel and conventional diesel fuel. Regulated emissions and performance data were generated. This experiment is conducted on D.G Set, used to supply power to mining equipments in MSPL Iron Ore Company Hospet. Dist. Bellary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of various blends of biodiesel on engine performance and emissions. A Cummins 6 CTA 8.3G1-1 turbocharged DI diesel engine was fueled with blends of esters of Mahua oil and the performance and emissions were compared with diesel. The neat biodiesel, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and base fuel were tested at constant load (28% of rated load) and at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The use of bio-diesel resulted in lower emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide with some increase in emissions of oxides of nitrogen.
8 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref
Santra A;Murali Krishna I V;Das A
001749 Santra A;Murali Krishna I V;Das A (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Infosys Technologies Ltd, Plot 4, DBH Nagar, 101-Santosh Nivas, Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad-500 059) : Measurement of memory usage in J2EE applications. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(9), 786-8.
Describes different methodologies to measure memory usage in web enabled J2EE application and demonstrates proposed solutions for memory usage measurement while running multithreaded web enabled J2EE application with variable user load.
Ravichandran S P
001748 Ravichandran S P (NO, Welding Research Institute, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Tiruchirappalli) : Basicity index of welding consumables. WRI Jl 2007, 28(4), 23-30.
It is well known that for their effective functioning welding consumables contain a mixture of metallic compounds (carbonates/oxides), gas formers, slag formers/fluxing &scavenging materials, metal powders, de-oxidizers and de-nitriders iron powder, alloying elements and extrusion agents depending upon the process viz SMAW(coated electrodes), SAW (fluxes)and FCAW (wires). The concept of Basicity had its origins in describing the types of refractory used in steelmaking The development of Basicity index concept for of welding consumables is explained in detail. The application of the BI Un the field of SAW, SMAW and FCAW is discussed. The current relevance of the concept is brought out with relevance to factors like de-sulphurization of weld metal, toughness at low temperatures and the diffusible hydrogen content of weld metal in the light of recent research papers.
8 ref
Raghu Kumar B;Ramana K V;Mallikharjuna Rao K
001747 Raghu Kumar B;Ramana K V;Mallikharjuna Rao K (NO, K L College of Engineering, Vaddeswaram) : Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of a boiler feed pump unit. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(9), 789-93.
Highlights an experimental investigation to monitor vibration condition of boiler feed pump (BFP) unit, which is a part of BFP train of a large utility thermal power plant. Displacement and velocity were measured along horizontal, vertical and axial directions. Based on signature analysis, causes for excessive vibrations were diagnosed. Remedial measures were applied to ensure safer and fault free operation of BFP unit.
Payamara J;Yesserian K
001746 Payamara J;Yesserian K (NO, , ) : Design and fabrication of a DC cylindrical magnetron sputtring device. Archiv appl Sci Res 2009, 1(1), 29-34.
A dc cylindrical magnetron sputtering device is designed and its characteristics are studied. The device consists of two copper cylinders with 1.5 and 5 cm in radius and 20 cm in length. A magnetic coil mounted around the outer cylinder generates an axial magnetic field up to 550 G. The effect of different magnetic field on the ionization rate of the discharge is observed. It is shown that the electrical behavior of the discharge strongly depends on the values of the magnetic field and shows an optimum value at which the power absorbed by the plasma is maximum. The effect of different pressure on the ionization rate is also studied and the results are reported.
Patel S S;Patel B H
001745 Patel S S;Patel B H (NO, Univ Science Instrumentation Centre (U.S.I.C.) Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar) : Fabrication of p-AgGaTe2/n-ZnSe photodiode. Prajna 2007, 15, 49-54.
Reports the results of our study on the characterization of p-AgGaTe2/n-ZnSe photodiode which is fabricated by flash-evaporation technique. Light and dark current-voltage, capacitance-voltage characteristics and spectral response of the device have been measured. Attempts have been made to study the device performance such as Responsivity, Detectivity etc. The implications are discussed.
Pani B S;Joshi S G;Suresh Kumar N
001744 Pani B S;Joshi S G;Suresh Kumar N (Civil Engg Dep, IIT, Bombay-400 076, Email: bspani@iitb.ac.in) : Retention time distribution in flocculation chambers. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2008, 40(1), 63-72.
Hydraulic efficiency of different shapes of floccvlation cliamhers was found using tracers. The volumetric utilization of the chambers was assessed taking into account the plug flow, mixed flow and the dead-zone flow regimes. Experiments were conducted to find the effects of the depth of submergence of the inflowing jet and the detention time in case of the slow mixing chamber. These findings will help to make a right choice of the coagulation and flocculation chamber layout geometry.
6 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref
Padmanaban K;Ramakrishnan M;Hariharan V
001743 Padmanaban K;Ramakrishnan M;Hariharan V (NO, Welding Research Institute, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Tiruchirappalli) : Investigations in metal-cored wire narrow gap submerged arc welding. WRI Jl 2007, 28(4), 5-12.
Increased productivity and economical welding while maintaining the requisite quality are the features any industry will be looking for to posses and continuously improve upon. There are many approaches to achieve the same and one among them is the use of metal cored wires. The application of metal cored wire for different applications can lead to benefits to the industry. To successfully realize this technique, the knowledge of its influencing features on the weld is essential. Presents the details of the work carried out to understand the influence of use of metal cored wire in narrow gap welding.
7 illus, 8 tables, 7 ref
Nagalakshmi R;Manimozhi S;Ashok S;Ravisankar B
001742 Nagalakshmi R;Manimozhi S;Ashok S;Ravisankar B (NO, Welding Research Institute, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Tiruchirappalli) : Overivew of creep in materials. WRI Jl 2007, 28(4), 13-22.
Creep is the term used to describe the tendency of a material to move or to deform permanently to relieve stresses. Material deformation occurs as a result of long term exposure to levels of stress that are below the yield or ultimate strength of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods and near melting point. Creep is often observed in metals and glasses, and there is a direct proportionality between increasing temperature and creep. The rate of this damage is a function of the material properties, exposure time, exposure temperature and the applied load (stress). Depending on the magnitude of the applied stress and its duration, the deformation may become so large that a component can no longer perform its function - for example creep of a turbine blade will cause the blade to contact the casing, resulting in the failure of the blade. Creep is usually a concern to engineers and metallurgists when evaluating components that operate under high stresses or temperatures. Creep is not necessarily a failure mode, but is instead a damage mechanism. Moderate creep in concrete is sometimes welcomed because it relieves tensile stresses that may otherwise have led to cracking.
8 illus, 5 ref
Moulick S
001741 Moulick S (NO, Agricultural & Food Engineering Dep, IIT Kharagpur) : Development of a java based software for sizing of break pressure tank. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2008, 28(4), 27-33.
Break Pressure Tanks (BPT) are generally provided on long pipelines either to reduce the pressures in the pipe or to avoid negative pressure. It is a usual practice in the field to provide size of BPT by considering volume required to store water at steady design discharge for an arbitrary period decided on the basis of the experience of the designer. Often BPTs of improper sizes than actually required are provided in water supply network. The sizing of BPT should be decided based on the unsteady flow of fluid that occurs in the pipeline at the start till the flow becomes steady. In the present study a JAVA based user-friendly software "Break Pressure Tank Simulation " is developed based on a generalized mathematical model for sizing of Break Pressure Tank (BPT). The proposed model is also verified through experimental results showing the effectiveness of the software in sizing of BPT.
1 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref
Moses G;Radhakrishnan R
001740 Moses G;Radhakrishnan R (Head/Safety Management, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli) : Safety in resistance welding. WRI Jl 2007, 28(4), 31-5.
Resistance welding is one of the important welding processes used widely. There are several types of resistance welding processes and equippments. All of these operations are fundamentally the same, but the preparation of the metal for welding and the construction of the machines may be different. Schematic diagram of resistance welding machines for different applications are given. Like any other welding process, resistance welding also presents a variety of hazards such as electrical hazards, burns, lacerations and crush injuries, flying particles, noise and fumes which as are explained in detail along with the precautions and measures to be taken to ensure safety. Safety improvements made in resistance welding machines that are manufactured currently are highlighted. Special precautions to be taken by persons wearing pacemaker is also covered in this article.
7 illus, 13 ref
Malik A;Singh L;Singh I
001739 Malik A;Singh L;Singh I (Mechanical Engineering Dep, ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad-201 009) : Utilization of biomass as engine fuel. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(10), 887-90.
Performance of gasifier engine system is analyzed by running 5kW engine at different load conditions to check maximum diesel savings in dual fuel mode operation. Cotton stalks replaces diesel by 80% while sugarcane bagasse replaces it by 82%. By using appropriate agricultural residue, gasifier system integrated with CI engine is economically better than diesel system alone.
Makhija D;Pathak R J;Patel K D;Pathak V M; Srivastava R
001738 Makhija D;Pathak R J;Patel K D;Pathak V M; Srivastava R (Physics Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: makhija_deepu@yahoo.com) : Performance evaluation of MoSe2 PEC solar cells. Prajna 2006, 14, 104-7.
MoSe2, a member of group VI transition metal chalcogenides possesses energy gap close to the maxima of incident solar radiation and it is highly stable against photocorrosion and photodecomposition due to d→d transition of the carriers. The present paper contains the findings based on the studies of variation of the short circuit current and open circuit voltage of MoSe2/I2/I-/Pt PEC solar cells with incident intensity of polychromatic light and the results have been discussed.
Ma Z S;Yao S G
001737 Ma Z S;Yao S G (School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. 2, Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212003, The People's Republic of China) : Experimental investigation of a novel heat pipe cold plate for electronics cooling. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(10), 861-5.
Deal with multi-heat-source and high-heat-flux heat transfer problem in confined space within electronic equipments, cold plate equipment employing heat pipe technology has been designed. Acetone-aluminum heat pipe construction composed of 8 vertical pipes with their upper condensation section and lower evaporation section connected to let working liquid and vapor flow through each other when equipment works. Heat pipe cold plate equipment has been formed and possesses excellent heat-transfer performance, startup performance and temperature evenness and can solve high heat-flux problem determining working reliability of array antennas effectively.
Kirubashankar R;Krishnamurthy K;Indra J
001736 Kirubashankar R;Krishnamurthy K;Indra J (Mechatronics Engineering Dep, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638 052) : Remote monitoring system for distributed control of industrial plant process. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(10), 858-60.
Proposes a remote monitoring system as part of Distributed Control System (DCS) of process plant. Remote plant critical alarms from DCS are continuously monitored online through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. A report, which contains alarm details formulated through MS-Excel, is sent to respective e-mail recipients through Outlook Express. For system maintenance, M2M gateway and Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology are used in remote monitoring.
Keswani S L;Panda I A
001735 Keswani S L;Panda I A (NO, , ) : Energy conservation in the Indian pulp & paper industry. Energy Fuel Users J 2008, 58(1), 11-19.
Joshi N G
001734 Joshi N G (NO, , Hindustan Construction Co. Ltd) : Design of rubber ring joints for concrete pressure pipes. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2008, 40(1), 15-20.
6 illus, 4 ref
Jat M K;Khare D;Garg P K
001733 Jat M K;Khare D;Garg P K (Civil Engineering Dep, MNIT, Jaipur, Email: mahesh.mnit@gmail.com) : Cost models/function for water treatment. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2008, 40(1), 51-60.
Cost is one of the important considerations for the infrastructiiral projects including water supply. Total cost of water supply from any source includes cost incurred on development of source, transmission, treatment and distribution. Treatment cost component is a major portion of total cost and depends upon the quality of water at a particular source. Before implementation of any water supply project, preliminary estimates are prepared to compare various technically feasible alternatives to obtain financial clearance and budget. An attempt has been made in-this-fiapex to develop cost functions for the water treatment cost, to arrive at the pre-design estimates. Separate cost functions have been developed for the capital and operation and annual maintenance (O&M) cost. Capacity of the treatment plant has been used as independent variable. Different forms of the mathematical relations i.e. linear, power, exponential and logarithmic, have been tried. Cost data of treatment plants (already in operation) of different capacity have been collected from different locations in India. Cost index has been used to convert these costs into reference year cost. Cost function with power form has been found most suitable for both capital and O&M cost. Such cost functions can be used for the estimation of water treatment cost for the planning and economic appraisal stage.
4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref