013227   Deb P;Sen A (Electronics and Communication Engineering (VLSI) Dep, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Design, develop and implement an efficient polynomial divider. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(3), 78-87.

Polynomial division is a most common numerical operation experienced in many filters and similar circuits next to multiplication, addition and subtraction. Due to frequent use of such components in mobile and other communication applications, a fast polynomial division would improve overall speed for many such applications. This project is to design, develop and implement an efficient polynomial divider algorithm, along with the circuit. Next its output performance result is verified using Verilog simulation. A literature survey on the normal division algorithms currently used by ALU's to perform division for large numbers, yielded Booth's algorithm, Restoring and Non-restoring algorithm. Verilog simulation of these algorithms were used to derive efficiency in terms of the timing characteristics, required chip area and power dissipation. Initially, performance analysis of the existing algorithms was done based on the simulated outputs. Later similar analysis with the updated polynomial divider circuit is performed.

12 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref

013226   Dash A (NO, , ) : Comparative study of turbulence models for the simulation of three-dimensional transonic flow around airfoils. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 47-59.

The analysis of three dimensional transonic flows was carried out on the well-known ONERA M6 airfoil. In this paper three turbulence models i.e. Spalart-Allmaras, shear stress transport (SST) and Realizable were compared for transonic flows and validated through comparison with the experimental measurements and CFD results obtained from NASA ONERA M6 study for the selected wing. The discretization of the computational domain was done using an unstructured mesh, taking care of refinement of the grid near the airfoil in order to enclose the boundary layer approach. The results indicated that Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model showed close agreement with the experimental and CFD results conducted by NASA, followed by realizable and SST turbulence models.

013225   Das K K;Das H R;Ghosh A K;Sinhamahapatra K P (NO, , ) : Damage potential of extreme wind events- downburst and tornado. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 28-46.

Thunderstorms have always impressed humans and cumulonimbus cloud is one of the most visually striking and photogenic natural phenomena. Unfortunately, the thunderstorms are associated with hazardous weather. Severe thunderstorms are responsible for large amount of wind induced damage around the globe. Unlike large and continental cyclones, severe local storms intensify very rapidly and dissipate after causing damage. Lightning causes many fires around the world each year and leads to severe loss of human life and properties. The worst severe local storm is the tornado, which is characterized by fast rotating column of rising - 349 - air, which originates on or near the ground where the air swirls and converges at very high speed. Another important event in the thunderstorms is the "Downburst". Downburst is an anti-tornadic storm characterized by descending air. Downbursts occur when a column of descending air reaches the ground and bursts out violently. This downward air motion causes high wind shear close to the ground unlike a synoptic or atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind, where the wind speed is very high much higher above the earth's surface. It is believed that downburst is generated when the moist buoyant air moving upward can no longer be sustained above and subsides into downdraft. Such storms are popularly referred to as 'Nor'westers or Kalbaishakhi and Bordoisilla in North-eastern part of India. These storms are due to mesoscale convective systems which develop in the pre-monsoon season (March to May) over the Gangetic West Bengal and North-eastern part of India. In this work, an attempt has been made to simulate both the wind events physically and numerically to estimate the wind profiles and macro flow dynamics for building safer earth fixed structures.

013224   Chaudhary R;Karmankar S B (School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Devi Ahilya Univ, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore-452 001, Email: rubina_chaudhary@yahoo.com) : Performance evaluation of developed concrete through long term leaching, durability and TCLP. J envir Sci Engng 2015, 57(3), 251-62.

Solidification/Stabilization is a common practice for the treatment of hazardous waste containing heavy metals before it is disposed of in a secure landfill or for reuse. In order to evaluate the stability of the solidified waste for utilization, EPA Solids Water Leaching Test (SWLT) 846-1311, long term durability and leaching (NEN 7345) methods were used. Weight loss from the freeze/thaw (FT) durability test ranged from 0.37 - 0.98% and heat- thaw (HT) durability test ranged from 0.28 - 0.42% after 4 cycles. The obtained values were less as compared to the 30% weight loss standard. L1 and L2 concrete samples were soiled during FT & HT durability test. Iron Leaching was found less than other metals (Cu, Zn) due to formation of high iron complex. FT was found to be more deteriorating as compared to HT. During diffusion test conductivity increased with the increase in the waste content in the mix design and higher for the extractions with longer contact period. Diffusion was obtained in the start path and middle path of all concrete samples. The leaching mechanism showed low leaching of copper and zinc as compared to iron. Iron release decreased with increase in waste/binder ratio. Chromium, nickel and manganese were completely stabilized in concrete matrix. The order of fixation of metals on the basis of their leachability index are Fe<62>Zn<62>Cu<62>Cr<62>Ni<62>Mn. The TCLP result proved that the developed materials were in the permissible limits of Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules.

10 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

013223   Chaudhary P;Saket Kumar (NO, , ) : Prospectus of shale gas in India verses global scenario and future of plasma pulse technology. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 35-43.

Conventional sources are expensive, polluting and limited by its reserves so, it will not be able to meet the demand of a country which is increasing continuously. This concern triggered the scramble to secure long term oil supplies and shown their reliance on the unconventional resources. Shale gas is natural gas trapped in the shale formation with organic rich content of methane. Huge reserves have been found in United States, Poland and Canada. On the other side, India, although having the enough reserves of shale gas to fulfill the energy demand (97tcf) has not yet initiated much work in this domain. Technically, the advancement in the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are employed for extraction but this technique uses the fracturing fluid for fracturing the formations of shale gas, because of the expense of massive hydraulic fracturing required and also seems to have raised concerns over its contribution to global warming which is not reliable to environment. Henceforth, a new novel stimulation technique has recently been developed known as Plasma Pulse Technology (PPT) which creates vibrations, or generates plasma - 348 - impulses electrically. These vibrations/impulses reduce viscosity and increase permeability to gas phase to improve its flow for extraction. The technology is designed to improve production cost without resorting to hydro-fracturing, oxidization or other non-ecofriendly processes as we are in the initial stages of exploration, this paper would illustrate the efforts which were made to understand the gas and its implications in geological preparation, extraction, handling and usage, the challenges in its findings and economic implications as a replacement of conventional domestic needs. Moreover, this paper is also aimed at highlighting the environmental implications of hydraulic fracturing, LPG based fracturing and simultaneously predicting the future of PPT.

013222   Chakraborty A;Chowdhury A (NO, , Leading Univ, Email: arman.chowdhury.ce@gmail.com) : Deficiency in current design of reinforced concrete structures due to earthquake excitation. Int J civ struct Engng 2016, 6(3), 179-86.

In the recent years, tremors resulting from earthquakes in Bangladesh were felt by occupants in many buildings. As a result, the structural integrity of these buildings has become a major concern. To address the issue, in this study time history analysis has been carried out to investigate the structural response of two proposed 6 and 9-story apartment buildings. Each building of this study has a different floor layout plan. The seismic performance is observed for different earthquake data with different frequency content. Both static (considering p -?) and dynamic analyses were carried out. From this study it is observed that building drifts exceeded the drift criterion set forth in the Uniform Building Code 1994 (UBC94).This study concludes that while the two buildings were designed to comply with requirements for wind and earthquake load static in nature, they can be vulnerable to damages caused by dynamic seismic load due to excessive lateral drifts. The primary focus of this study was to investigate the displacement profile and inter-story drift from time history analysis that have been compared with the values from static analysis. Comparison visualizes, the structures designed considering static analysis may be failed in a dynamic situation. So new design criteria may be proposed considering dynamic analysis to minimize the drift effect on structure up to acceptable limits.

8 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

013221   Bindhu B K;Madhu G (Civil Engineering Dep, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Velloor Post, Kottayam District, Kerala-686 501, Email: bindhu@rit.ac.in) : Influence of superficial upflow air velocity on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors. J envir Sci Engng 2016, 58(2), 93-100.

The effect of shear force on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was studied in three trials - 1, 2 and 3 with superficial upflow velocities of 2, 3 and 4 cm/s respectively. Denser and more compact granules could be developed in trial 2 and 3, while the granules formed in trial 1 were loose structured. The settling ability of the sludge developed in all the cases were explained in terms of sludge volume index and settling - 347 - velocity. The biomass development in the SBR was found increased with the shear force. The chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency achieved at steady state (93.8%, 97.9% and 97.1% for trial 1, 2 and 3 respectively) showed that an optimum aeration has to be selected for the best performance of the reactor. This study provides a sound understanding of the crucial role of shear force in aerobic granulation, sludge settleability and pollutant removal.

9 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

013220   Bhattacharjee A;Sen A (Electronics and Communication Engineering (VLSI) Dep, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Compare efficiency of different multipliers using verilog simulation & modify an efficient multiplier. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(3), 49-54.

Multipliers are the fundamental components in many digital signal processing systems. Many important signal processing systems are designed on VLSI platform as the integration growing rapidly. The signal processing systems & applications requires large computational capability, hence takes considerable amount of energy. In the VLSI system design performance, area and power consumption are three important parameters, of which power consumption is the gets prime importance. In today's world, power consumption is very important factor. The largest contribution to the power consumption in multiplier is due to generation and reduction of partial products. So it is very much important to know the efficiency of different multipliers. This paper represents a detailed comparison between array multiplier, Wallace multiplier, Dadda multiplier, modified array multiplier on the basis of speed, area, power consumption using verilog simulation.

9 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

013219   Bharati P K;Kumar S (NO, Combridge Institute of Technology, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835 205) : Effect of flyash on the properties of concrete and construction materials. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 59-72.

Fly ash, a waste generated by thermal power plants is as such a big environmental concern. The investigation reported in this paper is carried out to study the utilization of fly ash in cement concrete as a partial replacement of cement as well as an additive so as to provide an environmentally consistent way of its disposal and reuse. This work is a case study on fly Ash collected from CTPS Bokaro. This research was experimentally carried out to investigate the effects of introducing Fly Ash(FA) as a Partial Replacement of Portland Slag Cement (PSC) on the physical and structural properties of Concrete.Consistency, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of concrete with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% partial replacement of PSC with FA has been conducted and result is calculated at 7 and 28 days.

7 illus, 13 tables, 18 ref

013218   Benashor R M;Nourian A;Nasr G;Enyi G C (NO, , ) : Effects of dissolved sodium chloride (NACL) on well injectivity during CO2 storage into saline aquifiers. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 11-22.

Among different options proposed for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage and sequestration, saline formations seem promising due to their wide availability and potentially large storage capability. As supercritical (SC) CO2 is injected into the formation, a variety of coupled processes take place. Halite precipitation requires particular interest due to its potentially significant impact on permeability impairment, and thus reduction of injectivity in the near well bore region. The selected candidate for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage should meet the technical requirements of sealing integrity, storage capacity (potential) and containment. After the commencement of carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into high salinity formations, formation-dry-out due to salt precipitation in the near wellbore will take place and this causes permeability and injectivity reduction. This work focuses on experimental work. The experimental work investigations studied the effectiveness dilution of high sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions with sea water and its contribution in improving the injectivity. After saturating the sandstone core samples with different brine solutions, linear core flow tests using nitrogen gas (N2) were carried out. The saturated samples in diluted solutions for castlegate sandstone sample showed increase in the flow rate from 4 L/min at 50 psi to 5 - 346 - L/min at the same pressure, and this indicates that the injectivity would be increased. Halite precipitation requires particular interest due to its potentially significant impact on permeability impairment, and thus reduction of injectivity in the near well bore region.

013217   Baroi S G;Banerjee S;Samanta S;Banerjee R; Saha S (B.Tech in Electrical Engineering, Hooghly Engineering and Technology College, West Bengal) : Single pulse width modulated inverter and sinusoidal pulse width modulated inverter using low pass filter and comparison of the respective total harmonic distortion of output voltages using FFT technique. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 142-5.

This paper highlights the problems associated with single pulse width modulation, the most important being high harmonic content in output voltage. A comparative study with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation Technique is done highlighting the reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion of the output voltage waveform.

7 illus, 5 ref

013216   Bandyopadhyay M;Banik A K (Civil Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Email: milanbandyopadhyay@yahoo.co.in) : Progressive collapse of rigid and semi-rigid jointed steel frames according to GSA 2013 and GSA 2003 - 345 - guidelines. Int J civ struct Engng 2016, 6(3), 211-23.

Prevalent governmental guidelines issued by US General Services Administration (GSA) and US Department of Defense (DoD) are widely used for design of structures against progressive collapse. Significant studies have been carried out for progressive collapse of steel and reinforced concrete framed structures according to these guidelines. These guidelines are also being constantly updated based upon the outcome of researches being carried out worldwide. Recently, DoD guidelines were updated in 2005 and 2009; whereas, GSA was following its 2003 guidelines. Major discrepancies were there between the 2009 version of DoD and 2003 version of GSA. To remove these discrepancies, GSA recently updated its guidelines in 2013. In the present study, the progressive collapse study of nine storied rigid and semi-rigid jointed steel frames has been carried out according to (GSA 2013) and (GSA 2003). Subsequent changes in modeling parameters and acceptance criteria from (GSA 2003) to (GSA 2013) and their influences in design are discussed in the present study.

7 illus, 2 table, 16 ref

013215   Babaei M;Memarian A (Civil Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Univ of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, Email: mbabaei@znu.ac.ir) : Topological evaluation of simple steel frames with special eccentric braces. Int J civ struct Engng 2016, 6(3), 224-32.

Steel structures with special steel eccentric bracing frames are one of the systems widely employed to resist lateral loads. Given the significance of construction costs and its association with the selected structural system, number of the floors, beam span length, location of columns, and the soil type, this paper investigates the optimum values of these parameters. The aim of the present article is to find the optimal topology with respect to architectural requirements and applicability considerations. To this end, models with hybrid structural systems with simple steel frames and eccentric bracing with special ductility level for 5, 10, and 14 floors were selected. The selected models were assumed with equal area and two different soil types. In order to provide parking space based on the urban development regulations, models were considered with span length of 5.6, 7.5, and 11.2 meters to locate 2, 3, and 4 cars between columns respectively. Having analyzed the models and designed structural members and foundations, amount and cost of the building materials were estimated based on the available rates and the results were compared using figures. The most economical structures were proposed for both soil types and for the number of floors.

13 illus, 4 table, 16 ref

013214   Ayer O;Bingol S;Altinbalik T;Kilicgedik H Y (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Trakya Univ, Edirne, Turkey, Email: oonderayer@trakya.edu.tr) : Fatigue life modeling of gear like products using ANN. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(4), 239-46.

The expected life of a gear is important parameter especially for the gears to secure of the mechanics of it. Related to this importance, fatigue failure is one of the most seen failures occurred on gears working under cyclic loads. It is not possible to eliminate fatigue failure effects but it is possible to reduce by appropriate materials selection and design criteria. Due to demand for gears with higher load-carrying capacity and increased fatigue life, it is important to determine the fatigue strengths of the gears. In this study, forward extrusion method with cosine and tapered profile dies is carried out to obtain gear-like products. The products are then tested under cyclic loads to determine the fatigue life. The results obtained from the experiments are used as inputs in developing the ANN models. Different ANN models are developed for cosine curved and straight tapered profiles to obtain the best models. A comparative analysis is performed in order to evaluate the accuracy of the developed models, in terms of statistical measurements (R2, MSE, MAE). Results revealed that proposed ANN models for both cosine curved and tapered profiles are able to predict the fatigue life of the gear-like profiles.

9 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

013213   Anand K;Sathiya P;Tamilmannanand K; Shrivastava R (School of Engineering and Technology, Indira Gandhi National Open Univ, New Delhi) : Application of grey relational analysis for optimization of friction welded incoloy 800H. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(1), 90-7.

The aim of this article is to optimize the process parameters for friction welding of Incoloy 800 H rod by Taguchi based Grey relational analysis (GRA). The objective variables chosen were Tensile strength (TS) and burn off length (BoL) which is dependent upon heating pressure (HP), upsetting pressure (UP), heating time (HT) and upsetting time (UT). The experiments were carried out using L12 orthogonal array. Each experiment has been performed using different process parameters. The importance of process parameters on quality of welding process has been evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). This work has also showed the application feasibility of the - 344 - Grey relation analysis in combination with Taguchi technique for continuous improvement in welding quality.

2 illus, 10 tables, 8 ref

013212   Al-Obaidi S H (NO, , ) : High oil recovery using traditional water-flooding under compliance of the planned developement mode. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 44-9.

The dynamics and performance of major oil deposits in late (final) stage of development of large oil fields are given the current rates of oil recovery. The high oil recoveries are resulted as a consequence of the favorable geological and physical characteristics of the development objects, application of development systems and optimal density well spacing, adequate geological structure, maintain during the process of the development the optimal rates of technological development, the modes of operation of wells and a project of the fund of production wells, continuous improvement of the project systems taking into account the dynamics of the reserves development and the clarification of the geological structure.

013211   Akhtar W;Umar M A;Pandey S;Tripathi S;Ranjan P;Singh P (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, United College of Engineering and Management, Naini, Allahabad) : Wireless electronic LCD norice board using GSM technology. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 157-9.

Notice Board is a primary thing in any institution/organization or public places like bus stations, railway stations, schools, universities and parks. But pasting various notices day-to-day is a difficult task. A person is required to take care of these notices display. The GSM technology was initially developed in Europe which depicts protocol for second generation of cellular communication system that has gradually advanced over the years. GSM system has evolved as a replacement for first generation analog cellular networks. The advanced architecture and services of GSM has made it ideal for third generation cellular systems. Meanwhile, today GSM has been widely used for calling and SMS messages. In schools and various institutes, notices has been displayed using manual notice board and different traditional methods has been developed in the past. Competing with today's scenario, there is a need of real time notice display. This paper proposes a GSM based wireless electronic notice board system which can replace the current programmable electronic display. It is about to write the message in a cellphone and send it as SMS which is displayed on the LCD display. [1], [8].

10 ref

013210   Agarwal G;Khare M K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee) : Modification of cost equation for optimization of cutting parameters in turning in view of energy conservation. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(3), 7-10.

With depleting pace of natural energy resources and pollution in the environment it is necessary to reduce the amount of energy consumption. On the other hand price of energy is increasing due to likely increase in oil prices. So it is necessary to see the effect of energy cost in total machining cost. In the present work conventional cost equation is modified to consider the energy cost as variable of v, f and d instead of energy cost as constant in conventional cost equation. Different costs are compared by taking the particular value of parameters v, f and d. It - 343 - was found that energy as a variable cost have considerable portion in total machining cost.

5 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013209   Acharya R;Saify T;Mehta J;Sharma B (Botany Dep, Career College, Bhopal-462 023, Email: rch.acharya@gmail.com) : Impact of pH on cell morphometry of Scenedesmus abundans. J envir Sci Engng 2015, 57(3), 246-50.

Global climate change is expected to dramatically impact the structure and function of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Regional climate change in the upper and lower lake of Bhopal, India is expected to increase air and stream temperatures, modify hydrologic regimes, and increase the amount and frequency of disturbance events (debris flows, landfill, and human encroachment to the catchments area). These climatic changes combined with species-specific tolerances to regime extreme (e.g., pH variability) will likely result in significant changes in the distribution, abundance, and diversity of many aquatic species, particularly Scenedesmus species, a phenotypic plastic microalga. In the present study, the effect of pH on cell morphometry Scendesmus abundans var. brevicauda was investgated. In the low pH (below 5.0) range, no growth of Scenedesmus abundans var. brevicauda was detected and the measured cell dimensions were 6.0x2.7pm.The coenobium became almost colourless and lost its obvious green colour. The cells were shrunken and perforated. The cells became quadratic in their outline. At the alkaline pH, the cell dimensions increased to 7.5 x 3.3 μm with an increase in chlorophyll content.

27 ref

012210   Vinod A;Senthil Kumar P;Rajadurai B;Arun Kumar V;Leoni S;Ranjith Kumar;Jayavel P;Anandha Gomathy G R ( Mechanical Engineering Dep, Sri Lakshmi Ammal Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: vinodmech90@gmail.com) : Finite element modal analysis of composite heavy vehicle chassis using ansys. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 513-21.

Structural modal analysis is the determination of the natural frequency of vibration of physical structures and their components of mode shape, which is used in this study. This work involves static characteristics to identify the location of the high stress area and natural frequency of the chassis using modal analysis in ANSYS Workbench 15.0 and first eight modes of vibrations are extracted. Analytical modal analysis was carried out to validate the finite element models. Expected natural frequency and mode shape were validated against analytical results. Finally, the modifications of the updated Finite Element truck chassis model were proposed to reduce vibration, improve the weight, and optimize the strength of the truck chassis using American Iron and Steel Institute standards 4140/4130/4340 and AMS 6373C materials.

5 illus, 9 tables, 13 ref

012209   Vijayanand P;Amitesh Kumar;VijayaKumar K R; Hussain N;Kumaran P;Arungalai Vendan S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi-834 001, Email: vijayme2004@rediffmail.com) : Influence of carbon nanotube reinforced TiO₂-Al₂O₃ coating mixture on AISI 1020 surface performance. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 652-64.

Evolution and extensive research on nano technology has yielded several positive facets in the surface engineering which alters the mechanical properties and metallurgical behaviour of substrates as desired by designs specified for critical applications. In this work, plasma spray coating on mild steel using the nanocomposite material of Al₂O₃ with 13% TiO₂ & 1% CNT is carried out to examine the mechanical and metallographic behaviours. The Nano composite material is coated on AISI 1020 substrate using a plasma spray technique. ASTM C-633 standards are followed while performing destructive testing to examine the strength of the bonding. The Nano-structured coat layer exhibit greater resistance to crack growth, higher bonding strength and hardness. The higher strength and toughness obtained is attributed to the formation of net structures. Further, the samples are investigated by using Xray diffraction technique and microscopic techniques. Al₂O₃ phase shows dominance. Metallographic studies revealed that coating on the substrate illustrates various regions, including the ceramic layer (Al₂O₃ or Al₂O₃-13 weight% TiO₂) and the matrix, that show little variance due to the coating. Negligible or insignificant amount of spalling or delamination is observed in the coatings. Nevertheless, there is negligible number of visible pinholes in the coatings. Response surface methodology is employed to examine the performance measures and parametric dependencies.

16 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

012208   Tuntrakool S;Kumngern M;Sotner R;Herencsar N; Suwanjan P;Jaikla W (Telecommunications Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrab, Thailand, Email: winai.ja@kmitl.ac.th) : High input impedance voltage-mode universal filter and its modification as quadrature oscillator using VDDDAs. Indian J pure appl Phys 2017, 55(5), 324-32.

The second order universal voltage-mode filter using voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDAs) has been proposed. It has high input impedance voltage-mode biquad filter with orthogonal tune of natural frequency and quality factor. The proposed filter simultaneously provides five filter responses: low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), band-reject (BR), all-pass (AP) and band-pass (BP) in the same circuit topology. The natural frequency and quality factor can be tuned electronically and orthogonally dc bias current. The output impedance at output nodes HP, AP and BR has low impedance which can connect to other circuit without the use of voltage buffers. The proposed filter consists of three VDDDAs, one grounded resistor and two grounded capacitors. This makes the proposed filter suitable for integrated circuit development. With slightly modifying the proposed filter, the voltage-mode qudrature sinusoidal oscillator with low output impedance and independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) has been achieved. The results shown in this paper are from PSPICE simulation and experiment to validate the proposed circuits.

16 illus, 2 tables, 45 ref

012207   Teotia M;Soni R K (Chemistry Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Univ, Meerut-250 004, Email: rksoni_rks@yahoo.com) : Fracture analysis of UV cured Acrylic Resin Interlayer based laminated glasses . J scient ind Res 2017, 76(3), 160-5.

The role of UV cured interlayer composition on critical loads to initiate cracks in the first glass ply of the sandwich laminate has been investigated. The glass laminates were fabricated through photochemically initiated crosslinked networks and analyzed for flexural properties. The rectangular laminates were placed in a plate configuration and a uniform load was applied at the rate of 0.5 mm/min with span length of 160 mm using Win UTM software through three point bending mode fixture. The liquid compositions were also casted into sheets through UV curing and analyzed for mechanical properties such as, tensile strength, hardness & percentage elongation. The flexural strength ranges from 33.33 N/mm² to 67.79 N/mm², highest values were obtained for 2% photoinitiator for C4 (a) composition with minimum deflection and maximum tensile strength of 590 Kg/cm² and 5.15% percentage elongation. The viscosity of these formulations was determined with the help of Brookfield Viscometer at 40°C and found in the range 1240-40 Cp. It is suggested that these stiffer interlayer materials can found suitable applications in architectural glazings where compliance and viscoelastic relaxation are not the essential requirements.

3 illus, 3 table, 16 ref

012206   Sundara Raman R;Sankara Narayanan G;Manoharan N;Sendilvelan S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, AMET Univ, 135, East Coast Road, Chennai-603 112, Email: sundararaman792@gmail.com) : Experimental analysis of exhaust noise using a muffler and a particulate trap a diesel engine. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 434-41.

The control of the engine exhaust noise by a particulate trap for a diesel engine is investigated. Adequate theoretical background about the sound waves and engine noise is provided with a brief discussion on the sources of engine noise, exhaust noise generation and the principle of suppression. The experimental work comprises of design and development of the particulate trap for the given engine to control the exhaust noise level. The noise level reduction is also studied using a muffler. The reduction in noise level using particulate trap and muffler is experimentally investigated and compared.

5 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

012205   Sonarkar P R;Mardikar E A;Gupta S;Dhabu S S; Chaurasia A S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440 010, Email: aschaurasia@che.vnit.ac.in ) : Performance evaluation, economic analysis and design of biomass - based modified purti gasifier stove. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(2), 110-14.

Majority of the population in the rural areas depends on biomass fuels for meeting their cooking needs. This study aims to analyze the performance evaluation of commercially available forced-draft Purti stove using different biomass fuels and determine the limitations in design of the present Purti model. For this, various parameters like thermal efficiency, burning time, cooking power and boiling time are studied using the water boiling test. The fuels used for this study are wood pellets, coconut shell and wood blocks. On the basis of the results and limitations observed, a new improved stove design called the modified Purti stove is proposed as an alternative to the Purti stove. This was followed by an economic analysis for the stoves and the fuels to suggest a financially sustainable combination for use in the rural areas. From these studies, it is recommended to use the modified Purti stove and coconut shells for maximum economy.

3 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

012204   Sivanantham S;Tresa T (School of Electronics Engineering, VIT Univ, Vellore-63201, Email: ssivanantham@vit.ac.in) : Bulit-in self-test methodology for system-on-a-chip testing. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(3), 149-53.

Built-in Self-Test is a circuit embedded within the design to detect the faults in the System-on-a-Chip circuits. It shrinks the test application time and reduces the cost of external testing equipment. This paper presents a test pattern generation methodology for detection of transition faults using in-circuit arithmetic circuits. Arithmetic circuits are used for pattern generation which utilizes the accumulators in the design itself with the inclusion of additional control unit for pattern generation. This control unit controls the pattern generation circuit to reduce the transition power during testing and ensure better fault coverage. The main focus of this paper is to reduce the area overhead using arithmetic circuits and also to reduce the power of the test pattern generator. The proposed method can be made use in circuits that contains gray code converters. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has lower power consumption and lesser hardware compared to linear generators.

3 illus, 3 table, 11 ref

012203   Singh I B;Ruhi G;Modi O P;Singh M (NO, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Process Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal-462 026, Email: ibsingh58@yahoo.com) : Oxidation behaviour of Sol-Gel Zirconia coated 9Cr-1Mo Ferritic Steel in Air Atmosphere. Indian J chem Technol 2016, 23(6), 533-7.

The oxidation behaviour of sol-gel derived zirconia coated 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel has been examined at 700-900°C in air atmosphere. X-ray elemental mapping of the coated surface detected a continuous band of zirconium and oxygen, attributing to the presence of zirconia coating of around 2 μm in thickness. Oxidation kinetics indicates that the oxidation rate constant of the coated substrates decreases an order of magnitude lower as compared to uncoated substrates. Measurement of a noticeable increase in activation energy of the coated surface is further evidence towards the improvement of the oxidation resistance of the steel after coating development. Microstructural examination through field emission scanning microscope (FE-SEM) of the oxidized substrates show the presence of comparatively thin, less porous and compact scale at the coated surface than uncoated surface.

7 illus, 2 table, 25 ref

012202   Singh B P;Karar N (Materials Physics and Engineering Div, CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi-110 012) : Detection of Nitrification in Amine modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by TOF-SIMS Ion Imaging. Indian J chem Technol 2016, 23(6), 478-84.

Nitrification of multiwalled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) by mild oxidation with nitric acid has been reported. These acid functionalized tubes have been further refluxed with thionyl chloride leading to addition of amide groups followed by aromatic di-amine treatment. Formation of such nitrated material have been initially confirmed by SEM, HR-TEM, Raman and Infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Such nitration are further cross-checked and confirmed using Time of Flight Secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) based ion imaging, which revealed presence of different nitrogen related groups. TOF-SIMS also detected traces of some of the residues and impurities created during the process steps.

6 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

012201   Sendilvelan S;Bhaskar K;Nallusamy S ( Mechanical Engineering Dep, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Univ, Chennai-600 095, Email: sendilvelan.mech@drmgrdu.ac.in) : Experimental investigation on cerium oxide nanoparticles with alumina catalytic converter to increase emission conversion efficiency in automobiles. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 454-60.

The increasing use of diesel passenger cars has led to considerable work in the methods resulting in the reduction of particulate emissions. Interest is centered on reduction of emission in diesel engines from the new methods and technologies, diesel particulate filter, fuel additives for particulate matter. The objective of this research is to calculate various emission factors in diesel engine using cerium oxide nanoparticles. The experimental result reveals that the influence of cerium oxide in the form of nanoparticles for oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide levels in a diesel engine. The cerium oxide increase the conversion rate due to the oxygen content for the oxidation process of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon in the catalytic converter. It was also observed that the cerium nanoparticles reduce the oxides of nitrogen effectively. The catalytic behavior in the higher temperature range enhanced the conversion of hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen, cerium nitrate precursor gives greater activity. Above 250°C, the conversion of HC, NO_x increased and reached up to 98% conversion, when the temperature increased to 440°C.

5 illus, 16 ref

012200   Saravanan P;Kalpana P (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Email: dps@ece.pstech.ac.in) : Novel approach to attack smartcards using machine learning method. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(2), 95-9.

This paper presents an effective way to enhance the secret key guessing ratio in machine learning based power analysis attack on secure systems such as smartcards. The power supply current traces are obtained by varying the atmospheric temperature for all possible values of key. The collected power supply current traces are then pre-processed by using wavelet transform, data normalization and principal component analysis (PCA) and the featured data samples are used to train the probabilistic neural network (PNN). The network is then tested with a current trace obtained from the device under attack and the correct key is identified. The proposed method achieves 100% success rate in guessing the secret key of the cryptographic algorithm with minimum number of power traces when compared to the existing methods of machine learning technique.

3 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

012199   Santra A K (School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT Univ, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, Email: ajitkumar@vit.ac.in) : Optimality of deterministic multifactory location problem with circular area constraint. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(3), 145-8 .

This investigation is to find the locations of a number of new facilities in a prescribed circular area constraint around the centre of gravity of a given number of existing facilities. I have considered a deterministic model in which the weights are positive known quantities and the distances between the facilities are Euclidean. It has been assumed that the existing facilities are of one kind and the new facilities are of different kind with interactions between existing and new facilities as well as amongst new facilities. The deterministic multifacility location problem with circular area constraint has been formulated and solved by using Kuhn-Tucker conditions. A numerical example has also been solved by using the proposed method.

17 ref

012198   Ravi Kumar B;Palaksha Reddy K (School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA Univ, Thanjavur-613 401, Email: ravikumar@mech.sastra.edu) : Investigation on mehanical vibration of double-walled carbon nanotubes on winkler foundation with length effects VIA DTM. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 481-7.

In the present study, vibration response of double walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a Winkler foundation is investigated using differential transform method (DTM). Simply supported, clamped - Hinged and clamped- clamped boundary conditions are employed to analyze the natural frequencies. The effect of length of nanotubes and Winkler elastic foundation modulus on the fundamental natural frequencies for the Euler- Bernoulli beam is investigated and tabulated. The governing differential equations are solved by using differential transform method. The differential transform method is applicable for nanotubes and gives high accuracy results.

3 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

012197   Ravi Kumar B (School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA Univ, Thanjavur-613 401, Email: ravikumar@mech.sastra.edu) : Nonlocal vibration analysis of fluid conveying single-walled carbon nanotube with magnetic effects. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 643-51.

In this work differential transform method (DTM) is used to study the vibration behavior of fluid conveying singlewalled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). Using the theories of thermo- elastic mechanics and nonlocal elasticity, a Euler - Bernoulli beam model is developed for nonlocal vibration of a fluid conveying single-walled carbon nanotube resting on an elastic medium. The critical fluid velocity is being found out with different boundary conditions, i.e. Fixed-Fixed and simply supported at ends. Effects of nonlocal parameters, different elastic modulus and different magnetic field force on natural frequency and critical fluid velocity are being discussed. The differential transform method is used for the nonlocal vibration analysis, which yields to the results with high precision.

7 illus, 25 ref

012196   Ramanan G;Edwin Raja Dhas J;Ramachandran M; Diju Samuel G (Aeronautical Engineering Dep, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil-629 180, Email: gramanan1987@gmail.com) : Influence of activated carbon particles on microstructure and thermal analysis of AA7075 metal matrix composites. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 375-84.

The present work represents the AA7075 and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) metal matrix composite was processed by down pouring stir casting technique. Invented metal matrix composites were subjected to hardness, tensile test, microstructure analysis, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrum, FT-IR analysis and thermal analysis. AA7075 metal matrix composites containing matrix and reinforcement. Microstructure suggests the relatively uniform distribution of carbon particles in matrix alloy. X-ray diffraction analysis and EDAX had been making sure the presence of activated carbon particles and its uniform distribution over the aluminium matrix. FTIR trace aging process, the simplest results have been got employing combo of complementary analytical strategies. Hardness and elongation test of AA7075-PAC composite enormously greater in comparison with basic AA7075 alloy and few helpful conclusions have been drawn.

8 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

012195   Rama Raju K;Vineeth Varma D (NO, CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai-600 113) : Developments in vibration control of structures and structural components with magnetorheological fluids. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 499-508.

Vibration isolation and control of structures subjected to different types of dynamic loads due to periodic forces, impact and shock type forces and earthquake forces is an important area in structural engineering. The structures can be machine foundations, buildings, bridges, towers, automobiles, ship structures, military tanks and aeronautical structures. Some of these de-vices used are elastic springs, viscoelastic dampers, viscous fluid dampers, magnetorheological dampers and friction dampers. This article gives latest developments in vibration control of structures and structural components using magnetorheological fluids. The current status of technology and further research requirements to be studied in these areas are highlighted.

^iia6 illus, 74 ref

012194   Prabha R S;Vidhapriya R (Information Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Email: resenthilprabha@gmail.com) : Intruder detection system based on behavioral biometric security. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(2), 90-4.

Getting higher occurrence of cybercrimes by means of hacking, identity theft, and network security violations necessitates a robust system for resolving these issues. For the new era of IT, using conventional user authentication methods like providing login IDs, passwords /PIN and other two-factor authentication methods are fading to offer the required level of security required. Since biometrics come forward as an efficient alternative technique to provide security. Keystroke and typing dynamics uses behavioral characteristics like typing rhythms of a person for authentication. This protection method effortlessly integrates with the existing environment and it could be scaled across the web also. This technology is will be getting promoted in the upcoming years because of its non-invasiveness, unobtrusiveness and low deployment cost. Thereby security of the physical and logical access can be improved. This proposed technique acts as a supplementary security layer besides the traditional user IDs & passwords/PIN, most organizations are making supplementary investments in keystroke and typing dynamics to ensure a more robust user authentication system.

4 illus, 13 ref

012193   Parthasarathi N;Prakash M;Satyanarayanan K S (Civil Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: nrnpartha@gmail.com) : Experimental study on partial replacement of cement with ECG shell powder and silica fume. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 442-9.

During the world, concrete is presence broadly used for the structure of greatest of the buildings, bridges etc. Presently, the complete construction industry is in exploration of an appropriate and operative the unused product that would greatly minimalize the use of cement and eventually decrease the creation cost. Such a substitute material are egg shell powder and silica fume. Greatest of egg shell waste is willing in landfills short of any pre-treatment since it is conventionally unusable and eventually makes thoughtful eco glitches. Therefore, proper alternate is required to manage the wastes in eco-friendly way. The goal of this investigation work is to use the egg shell powder, silica fume as a limited additional of cement. Egg shell powder is replaced by 5%, 10% and 15% in addition with the silica fume by 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% of weight of cement. An experimental research demonstrates the strength features such as split tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength test of egg shell based concrete were investigated. It is found the strength of the concrete rises with the adding of egg shell powder and silica fume and finally the comparison is made for the egg shell and silica fume added strength of concrete.

8 illus, 7 tables, 8 ref

012192   Osornio-Rios R A (HSPdigital-CA Mecatronica, Facultad de Ingenieria Campus San Juan del , Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Rio Moctezuma 249, 76807 San Juan del Rio, Queretaro, Mexico, Email: raosornio@hspdigital.org) : Identification of positioning system for Industrial application using Neural Network. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(3) , 141-4.

The servomotor is an essential element in the automation of industrial processes, and its control is necessary to achieve better performance in applications of industrial positioning. In the systems control, the knowledge of plant model through proper identification is fundamental. This work presents a methodology based on neural networks to obtain the servomotors models on industrial applications related to positioning. The effectiveness of this proposal was tested on the axes of an industrial Robot and a CNC milling machine.

2 illus, 12 ref

012191   Monga D;Soni S;Satsangi P S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, The Northcap Univ, Gurgaon, Email: ssoni@csio.res.in) : Role of optical properties on photon distribution in a biological tissue using Monte Carlo method. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(3), 154-9.

A biological tissue is a homogeneous medium characterized by the spatial distribution of its physio-optical properties like absorption coefficient (μa) 0.5 to 5.0 cm-1, scattering coefficient (μs) 0.2 to 400 cm-1 and the anisotropy factor (g) varies from 0.8 to 0.99. It is vital to understand the spatial variation of photon distribution within a biological tissue due to change in optical properties when it is exposed to light in the visible and near infrared wavelength between 400 nm and 700 nm. A Monte Carlo program is implemented in MATLAB to simulate photon distribution (in a two dimensional configuration) for analyzing the photon propagation, scattering and absorption within a tissue. The results for the effect of scattering coefficient and anisotropy factor on the photon distribution are discussed in this paper. For lower values of scattering coefficient photon penetrates more in axial direction. As the value of scattering coefficient increases the photon distribution attains a uniform profile with increase in the intensity of distribution in radial direction. Also it is observed that for lower values of anisotropy factor the photon distribution in a biological tissue is isotropic in nature and as the value increases the distribution becomes anisotropic.

3 illus, 4 table, 10 ref

012190   Mishra A;Rout M;Singh D R;Jana S (Mining Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad-826 004, Email: arvmishra@yahoo.com) : Influence of density of emulsion explosives on its velocity of detonation and fragmentation of blasted muckpile. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 602-8.

Opencast mining accounts for about 86% of the produced coal in India. Most of the opencast mines in the country use bulk emulsion explosives. The total consumption of explosives in India is around 550,000 tonnes annually. It has been shown that detonation velocities vary with the density of the emulsion explosive. Here we describe experiments that have been conducted to understand the influence of velocity of detonation of emulsion explosives on fragmentation of blasted muckpile over a range of densities. The density of explosives was varied from 0.6 to 1.1 g/cc which resulted in the variation of detonation velocity from 3262 to 4624 m/s.

8 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

012189   Manoj Prabahar A;Dhanya R;Ganapathy Ramasamy N;Dhanasekar S (Civil Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram-603 203, Email: manojprabahar.amp@gmail.com) : Experimental study of self healing of cracks in concrete using sodium silicate capsule. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 577-83.

Crack in concrete structure is a major problem affecting the durability of the structures and which may lead to failure of the structure. Repair and rehabilitation of concrete building or structures is expensive and it is difficult to access the damage after completing the construction of the structure. The solution for this type of problem is selfhealing concretes. Capsule based self-healing concrete is a new type of method used to decrease the damage and increase the service life and performance of a concrete structure. Healing agent like sodium silicate being capsulated and introduced into the concrete while casting. To observe the self-healing mechanism in the concrete sample, cracks were induced in the concrete sample by three point bending test. The healing process of concrete sample was observed using ultrasonic non-destructive concrete tester (UX4600). Self-healing concept was developed from wound healing mechanism in human being, in which certain level of wound can heal by itself. Self-healing agents have the ability to improve the properties of concrete even after damage. Thus the main mechanism of self-healing is the reaction of sodium silicate with the calcium hydroxide present in the concrete to form crystal like substance.

8 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

012188   Mannekote J K;Kailas S V;Venkatesh K; Kathyayini N (Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain Univ, Jain Global Campus Jakkasandra-562 112, Email: jagadeesh.mannekote@gmail.com) : Study on chemical and lubrication properties of unrefined, refined and virgin coconut oil samples. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(2), 100-104.

In the present work four samples each of unrefined coconut oil (URCO), refined coconut oil (RCO) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) samples collected from different places were evaluated in terms of physicochemical and lubrication parameters. The physicochemical properties of URCO, RCO and VCO were analyzed in terms of kinematic viscosity, Fatty acid profile, Iodine number, Saponification number, free fatty acid, Peroxide value and flash point. The lubrication properties of the oil samples were compared with the aid of four ball tester. The study revealed that fatty acid profile of VCO samples was slightly different from that of URCO and RCO samples. The saponification and Iodine value of VCO samples was also slightly lower than that of URCO and RCO samples. The four ball test results showed that the average coefficient of friction under tested condition was slightly less for URCO and VCO samples when compared to RCO samples. This difference in frictional property was due to the presence of free acid in the URCO and VCO which acted as boundary lubricant. The increased wear observed with VCO and URCO samples was linked to the presence of peroxides.

3 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

012187   Ling X (NO, , ) : Ignition timing control strategy based on open ECU design. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2010, 5(2), 171-6.

Ignition system is the main important part of the engine, and has absolute influence on engine performance. Open ECU for ignition timing strategy on the basis of the design and calibration work, greatly shorten the development difficulty and cycle; Machine of a LNG gas ignition timing strategy has carried on the design and optimization, and combining the calculation model for the engine (air intake, compression, power, and exhaust) feedback and verification. It can save a lot of time and resources for experiment if experiments use open ECU. It also can monitor the influence of the different inputs conditions on the ignition advance angle, it has realized the Map of calibration, greatly shorten the development work and has certain actual application value.

012186   Kumaran P;Mohanamurugan S;Shankar P;Narayanan R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Saveetha School of Engineering, Thandalam-602 105, Email: sivallakshmi@yahoo.co.uk) : Investigation of urea decomposition and uniform concentration of urea water solution in SCR system for diesel engine exhaust using CFD. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 621-9.

Urea-SCR has received worldwide attention for reducing the harmful NOx emission from present diesel engines. But this faces lot of challenges such as complete decomposition of reducing agent urea and its deposition at the bottom of exhaust tail pipe, lack of uniform distribution of the urea-decomposed ammonia during the continuous running of the engine. This study is involved with CFD evaluation of urea decomposition rate by adopting different urea injection angles and nozzle positions. Also, urea atomization and evaporation/decomposition to ammonia and ammonia distribution on tail pipe cross-sectional area are investigated. Exhaust tail pipe is fitted with guided pipe at different angles. Also, urea and air are injected at different pressures respectively, in the twin-flow nozzle. The CFD analysis indicated that, the ammonia conversion rate is well improved using guided pipe fitted at 30° inclination with exhaust tail pipe. The CFD analysis is validated by engine experiments. It was proven that, the conversion increased for the 5bar urea and 1bar air.

11 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

012185   Kulaksiz A A (Electrical-Electronics Engineering Dep, Selcuk Univ, Engineering Faculty, 42031 Konya, Turkey) : Optimal sizing of a grid-connected PV-wind hybrid energy system for various cities in Turkey. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2010, 5(2), 147-55.

The sizing of a hybrid power system plays a crucial role in efficient functionality of the overall energy system. For optimal sizing of a photovoltaic (PV)-wind hybrid power system, several factors such as system component costs, environmental conditions and electric load distribution have to be taken into consideration. A sizing method employing genetic algorithms (GA) is considered to optimize configurations of a PV-wind hybrid energy system with grid connection. GA optimization aims to determine number of PV modules and wind turbines to bring generated and demand power as close to each other as possible using yearly meteorological data. Using the power of GAs in finding global optimal solutions, the combination of the lowest cost and lowest carbon emissions to obtain the least dependency to the utility grid was chosen. The proposed method has been applied for four locations in Turkey to prove the validity of the method..

5 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

012184   Krishnaraj L;Suba Lakshmi R;Ravichandran P T (Civil Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: krishnarajvivil@gmail.com) : Utilisation of RMC waste with chemical admixtures to manufacturing of sustainable building components. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 592-9.

This study made an attempt to reduce the usage of cement in the construction sector. While production of cement, the CO₂ emission is unavoidable and polluting the environment also. To avoid the problems, the reuse of ready mix concrete waste generated from Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) plant is best practices. In this work, the impact of Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA), Recycled Concrete Dust (RCD) on compressive strength of building parts were studied. The compressive strength parameter was performed on the preparation of Paver, Solid and Hollow blocks with various mix proportions using cement replaced by 25 and 50% of RCD and Fly ash. The control specimens we prepared by utilizing cement only. Mainly, all the cement blend mix were made with and without added additives. From the compressive strength test results, RCD 50% with additives blended mix has compared with OPC control sample in paver, solid and hollow blocks give 5, 14 and 25% increase in strength at the age of 28 days testing. Reduction in cost due to OPC replaced by waste materials is another advantage of using RMC waste, were OPC replaced by RCD50% with admixtures is selected as an economical trail mix in paver block, Solid block and Hollow block. The utilization of blocks using RMC waste decreases the cost of preparing building parts, and environmental hazards compare to use of conventional materials.

7 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

012183   Karthik S;Saranya T (Civil Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Chennai-603 203, Email: karthik.sunkar17@gmail.com) : Experimental investigation on partial replacement of fine aggregate by used tyre rubber particles in concrete. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2), 415-22.

In recent days availability of natural resources are scarcely available and disposal of the used materials becomes a great challenge. As a result of industrialization and urbanization the usage of rubber tyre has increased drastically. The disposal of such used rubbers creates lot of environmental issues. So an attempt was made in this paper to replace fine aggregates by used tyre rubber particles in concrete. This is better advantage of saving in natural aggregates as well as it effectively uses the waste materials. For M40 grade of concrete, replacement was made in 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%. A comparison is done in between the conventional concrete and rubber mixed concrete. Various tests for the specimens like compressive, Split tensile and flexural strength has been carried out and results were obtained. To know the binding between the ingredients of concrete SEM analysis has also been carried out. The result obtained clearly showed that the behavior of concrete at 2.5% replacement was appreciable.

16 illus, 13 ref

012182   Karkare M V;Murthy Z V P (Chemical Engineering Dep, Sardar Vallabhai National Institute of Technology, Surat-3695 007, Gujarat, Email: zvpm2000@yahoo.com) : Mass transfer characteristic of activated sludge process at high MLSS and power consumption. Indian J chem Technol 2017, 24(1), 40-6 .

Mass transfer coefficients (k_La) of activated sludge process are measured over a wide range of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). Total three sets of experiments have been used (with steady state dissolved oxygen (DO) of 1.0, 2.5 mg L^-1 with varying agitator speeds and constant agitator speeds with varying-unsteady state DO beginning from 1.0 mg L^-1). The results show rise in k_La with MLSS. The rise in DO is observed when the agitator speeds are kept constant throughout because of reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD). Attempts have also been made to treat the entrapped/adsorbed COD on the biomass.

6 illus, 6 table, 35 ref

012181   Divya Krishnan K;Ravichandran P T;Gandhimathi V K (Civil Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: er.divyakrishnan@gmail.com) : Experimental study on properties of concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag and copper slag as a partial replacement for cement and fine aggregate. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(2) , 600-5.

Past few decades the consumption of Concrete become very prominent and the demand for concrete is increasing rapidly due to rapid growth in the construction industry. As a result, the concrete industry is facing with a declining availability of natural resources used as a raw and construction materials. Cement is the widely used binding material in concrete and it's over-exploitation of cement has led to various harmful consequences. Hence an alternative material for cement is required and it will lead to the decrease in the production of CO₂. Similarly, the availability of river sand is also less and it leads to the need of alternative of fine aggregate with better properties which will eliminate the economic problem. In this study, conventional concrete M30 grade concrete mix was designed with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) to cement and Copper slag (CS) to fine aggregate as partial replacement. The Compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strength variation for concrete mix with GGBS (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) and fine aggregate with varying percentage of Copper slag (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) are determined at various curing period such as 7 and 28 days. From the experimental test results, it is observed that the 28th day compressive strength, the split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete up to 30% partial replacement of GGBS for cement along with 30% copper slag as fine aggregate give almost better results while compared with conventional concrete strength. Thus the alternate material for fine aggregate and cement by the partial replacement with Copper slag and GBBS, improve the strength characteristic and it safeguards the environment by utilizing waste properly and reduces its disposal problems.

3 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

012180   Anusha R;Nithya C;Venketeswara Pai R; Ramanathan V (Chemistry Dep, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thanjavur-613 401, Email: vraman@scbt.sastra.edu) : Coding the encoded: automatic decryption of ka TapayAdi and AryabhaTa's systems of numeration. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 588-91.

AryabhaTa's and ka TapayAdi systems of encoding numbers in Sanskrit words have been in vogue since antiquity in Indian science. The process of decryption and decoding such numbers from the verses has been achieved only manually hitherto. Automating this process has been the focus of this communication. The process of decryption was achieved using a code written in LabVIEW platform of programing.

2 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref