013991   Madhav B T P;Sreenivas Rao D;Supraja K; Tejaswini A;Phanikumar A;Nagarjunareddy A;Sai Prakash R;Meena Kumari A N (ECE Dep, K L University, Andhra Pradesh, Email: btpmadhav@kluniversity.in) : K15 nematic phase liquid crystal material based double-dipole reconfigurable antenna. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(3), 866-72.

The study is carried out on frequency reconfigurable antenna for wireless applications. The tuning of the antenna is done by changing its effective electrical length. The proposed antenna structure consists of two dipoles. By connecting and diconnecting the slots, lengths of the coplanar strips of the dipoles can be varied. Therefore antenna can be operated in both multi-band and wideband frequencies. The results plotted after simulations proopse that the designed antenna is capable of maintaining its operating frequency over a range of 1.5GHz to 8 GHz. This frequency reconfigurability implemented symmetrically on the two dipoles enhance the overall gain of the antenna from 3dB to 5dB at multiple bands over different combinations mentioned in this paper.

7 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

013990   Madhav B T P;Rama Krishna T V;Sindhu B; Nikhita B;Harshitha G;Prudhviraju B H;Meena Kumari A N (ECE Dep, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, Email: btpmadhav@kluniversity.in) : Liquid crystal polymer based optimized notch band monopole antenna. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(3), 799-806.

Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna with single and dual notch bands is presented in this work by taking liquid crystal polymer as the substrate material. The proposed antenna comprises two L-shaped open ended slots with a defected ground structure. By changing the radii of circular discs and length of slots in the ground plant, single band and dual band notch characteristics are achieved. It operates from 2.9 GHz09.8 GHz frequencies and has a size of 22 X 26 mm². This antenna gives Omni-directional radiation pattern with a gain of 3.85 dB. It can be operated at different frequency bands i.e.; 3.3-3.8-GHz WI-MAX, - 198 - 5.15-5.85 GHz WLAN frequencies and C-band frequencies for satellite communication.

9 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

013989   Madhav B T P;Rak Kiran D S;Alekhya V;Vani M; Avinash T;Sreekanth P;Anilkumar T (ECE Dep, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, Email: btpmadhav@kluniversity.in) : Asymmetric liquid crystal polymer based fractal slotted UWB monopole antenna with notch band characteristics. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(3), 852-60.

An improvement of the fractal antenna is made to enhance its gain and bandwidth. In this paper, a relative study of the fractal antenna which is excited by the CPW is done. The antenna that we proposed was designed and simulated using HFSS. Using the fractal concept and CPW-feed technique the compact size and the ultra wideband impedance matching is obtained. The final dimensions of the designed antenna measure 36.4mm x 40mm x 1.53mm. A low-cost FR-4 substrate is used in this design. The UWB characteristic of the antenna range from 3.137GHz-11.4332GHz with a notch band from 3.7716 GHz to 4.07 GHz. The designed antenna is mainly used for the UWB pulse based trans-receiving applications.

9 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

013988   Liu K;Wang J (State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin Univ, Tianjin 300 072, China, Email: tdwjh@tju.edu.cn) : Evaluation on undrained shear strength of marine soil using cone penetration resiatance in Zhujiang river mouth basin, South China sea. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(4), 707-18.

This paper compares and evaluates the results of piezocone penetration test (PCPT) data at three typical measurement points in northern continental slope (1300-1500 m water depth) in Baiyun Sag, Zhujiang River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, and determines the cone factors between 7.48-9.98 and 14.93-19.78 respectively. Some researchers have studied the relationships between cone penetration data and mechanics parameters about marine soil based on linear regression. In this regard, polynomial regression is developed instead of conventional simple linear regression analysis in order to correlate undrained shear strength and total cone tip resistance more precisely. The polynomial regression offers a considerable improvement in estimating undrained shear strength based on cone penetration test data and can predict undrained shear strength with minimum error in comparison with conventional simple linear regression ways.

6 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

013987   Kumar A;Pandey R (NO, , ) : Differentiator based on second generation current controlled conveyor. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(1), 89-95.

A new second generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII) with programmable gain at output terminal 'Z' is presented in this paper. The inherent advantages of the proposed circuits are low supply voltage requirement of ±0.85 V, small input parasitic resistance in the range of 29.12 O-297.71 O for a current range of 10 μA-300 μA, low power dissipation of 79.39 μw and low DC current error of 0.068%. The proposed CCCII is also used as a building block to develop a differentiator as its application. SPICE simulation results using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS Technology have been presented for the proposed CCCII and its application as a differentiator to - 197 - validate the performance of the proposed circuits.

013986   Hulkey M;Upadhyay H;Sujatha K (NO, , ) : Novel logic styles used for leakage power reduction in MOS integerated circuit. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(1), 1-5.

Modified constant delay logic style and clocked logic style is defined by comparing their result. In this paper, a design technique has been proposed which reduces the power dissipation. The design and implementation of full adder and ripple carry adder with constant delay logic. The leakage power has become a serious concern in CMOS technologies that has been solved by the MCD and clocked logic style. Constant delay logic style is having two blocks and having a unique characteristic at which we get pre-evaluated output. But the new proposed modified constant logic style and clocked logic style provides better result than the constant logic style. The CMOS technology is used for the simulation process by which the parameter of power is measured which is compared with constant delay logic style.

013985   Hulkey M;Upadhay H;Sujatha K (NO, , ) : Review for power optimization in MOS device using different logic styles. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(1), 16-20.

This paper presents power optimization in MOS devices by using different logic styles which is helpful for increasing high speed application. The simulation process can be done in different CMOS technologies and performance parameter of power is compared for different logic styles. Full adder and ripple carry adder are mostly used to define different logics to optimize the power. Constant logic style provides the low power and different logic style is also helpful for minimization of power to a great extent as compared to constant delay logic style.

013984   Hartono M;Astrayudha M A;Petrus H T B M; Budhijanto W;Sulistyo H (Chemical Engineering Dep, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta-55281, Indonesia, Email: bayupetrus@yahoo.co.id) : Lithium recovery of spent lithium-ion battery using bioleaching from local sources microorganism. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(3), 897-903.

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is the most-used battery as power source due to its high-energy density. Unfortunately, proliferating consumption of LIB incurs in the increasing number of spent LIB in the ecosystem which contains hazardous chemical substance especially lithium and cobalt. This phenomenon forces the extraction of lithium from spent LIB to grow accordingly, even more so as the demand for LIB for various electronic devices in Indonesia is still relatively expensive. Extraction method using bioleaching, which utilizes microorganism as leaching agenet offers many attractive advantages. To name a few bioleaching has higher efficiency, low operating cost and more effective for low concentration of lithium extraction as in spent batteries. This research aims to isolate local bacteria-strains, which are able to extract lithium from spent LIB and to determine optimum condition for bioleaching by bacteria. Bacteria strains were isolated from lava tour area, Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta and tannery wastewater in Piyungan, Bantui. After incubation process, bacteria - 196 - were mixed with spent LIB powder. Lithium recovery was determined by analyzing the filtrate after previously undergoing centrifugation by using ICP quantometer. The result of this experiment shows that bacteria strains isolated from Mount Merapi soil have optimum lithium recovery percentage amounting to 62.83% after 15 days, with soil/battery mass ratio of 100 g/100 g and operating condition as follows: pulp density: 2 mg/mL, initial pH: 7, temperature: 30°C, stirring velocity: 120 rpm. Moreover, it was found that adaptation of bacteria with LiCl solution can increase leaching selectivity of bacteria towards Li. Bacteria strains isolated from Mount Merapi soil were found to exhibit the most potential to be developed as a bioleaching agent.

12 illus, 4 ref

013983   Fataniya B;Mecwan A;Shah D (NO, , ) : Implementation of edge detection algorithm in FPGA using hardware software co-simulation. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(1), 55-61.

Image processing is one of the most booming research areas in modern days. Every modern device incorporates image processing in one or the other way. Most of the image processing algorithms start with basic edge detection. The performance of the edge detection can be improved using state of art FPGA devices. Implementation using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) speeds up the processing of edge detection algorithms. The paper discusses the implementation of edge detection algorithm on Virtex 5 series of FPGA. The design is implemented in Xilinx System Generator using MATLAB and the simulation is performed using Hardware Software Cosimulation. The output of implementation is observed in MATLAB environment. The algorithm is tested for file as well as real time images.

013982   Diju Samuel G;Edwin Raja Dhas J;Ramanan G; Ramachandran M (Aeronautical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kanyakumari-629 180, Email: sweetestchandran@gmail.com) : Production and microstructure chracterization of AA6061 matrix activated carbon particulate reinforced composite by friction stir - 195 - casting method. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(3), 784-9.

The purpose of this work is to produce an aluminum metal matrix composite with high strength, low weight with good thermal resistance. For preparing metal matrix composite AA6061 is used as matrix and activated carbon is used as reinforcement and it is case using modified stir casting technique. The reinforcement activated carbon is added in various weight ratios from 2% to 8% of the matrix. The cased metal matrix composites are taken as per ASTM standard by using wire cut process for various tests. Microstructural test like SEM, EDAX, XRD and thermal test like Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric tests were taken. From testing results, it is noted that increase in the percentage of activated carbon up to 6%, shows a significant mixing of matrix and reinforcement it is evident in microstructure test result and also shows there is the formation of voids. Thermogravimetric proves the fabricated composite have good thermal resistance by adding activated carbon as reinforcement.

6 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

013981   Bakshi S;Thakur T;Khanna R;Gupta A (Electrical Engineering Dep, PEC Univ of Technology, Chandigarh, Email: nikhilpub@gmail.com) : DG placement and capacity calculation using an improved human opinion dynamics based optimization technique. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(7), 427-32.

Distributed Generation has drawn the attention of industrialists and researchers for quite a time now and the reason for its growing popularity can be attributed to the numerous advantages it brings with itself. But along with that, it is also accompanied by a ton of challenges, of which, finding the optimal size and location of the DG unit are the most popular ones which draws the interests of researchers. This paper attempts to solve this problem using a novel Modified Human Opinion Dynamics (MHOD) based Optimisation algorithm and compares the solution of the stated multi-objective problem with that of three variants of Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO). The problem is converted to a multi-objective constraint optimisation problem and Newton-Raphson methodology is applied for calculation of voltage and losses of buses and lines respectively. The results of MHOD method is found to be slightly better than the PSO method in terms of accuracy while there is a significant improvement in terms of convergence.

3 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

013980   Ayubi H A;Rizvi N Z;Mishra P K (NO, , ) : Modeling of voltage buffer and memristor voltage buffer using 180 NM technology. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(1), 62-72.

Objective of this paper is the analysis of voltage buffer and is referred to as a common drain amplifier or that can be considered as a source follower also. It compares the result of simple voltage buffer that results with the memristor inbuilt in the same schematic circuit of voltage buffer. Memristor is considered as a fourth existing component after the resistor, capacitor and an inductor proposed by Dr. L. O. Chua who defined it as the relationship between the flux and charge which is based upon ohm's law and it behaves as both, feature of linear resistor and non-linear characteristic.

013979   Arya J K;Raman A (NO, , ) : Static and dynamic power dissipation of novel CMOS SRAM cell. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(1), 73-7.

VLSI design is persistently demanding for ultra-low power efficient and data stability solution. This review paper studies and analyses about various techniques to reduce leakage and dynamic power dissipation. Sleepy keeper approach, super cutoff mode, NTC method, dual-threshold approach, quiet-bitline and single bitline architecture are discussed for the power reduction. Sleepy keeper, NTC and dual-threshold approach are focused for high data stability and performance. Quite bitline architecture SRAM saves overall power compared to self-align baseline SRAM. Dynamic and leakage power reduction and read stability enhancement are reviewed and verified in 65 nm technology.

^iia

013978   Arya J K;Raman A (NO, , ) : Design of single bitline novel 5T SRAM cell to reduce the power dissipation using cadence. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(1), 49-54.

Fast growing field of IC technology is persistently demanding for low power consumption and efficient solution. Most of the available SRAM designs are based on standard 6T SRAM cell in addition to other circuit and transistors count. A novel 5T CMOS SRAM is presented in this paper, for simultaneously minimizing power consumption and an improving process speed. The presented unique 5T SRAM cell employs single bitline for read/write function. Implementation of single bitline reduces the power dissipation. Stability and efficiency are improvised by separating the data storage nodes from single bitline during read process. Dynamic power consumption and static power consumption are ameliorated by 28.8% and 32.7% respectively. Validation and comparison is performed - 194 - using cadence spectre.

013977   Anand P;Mohan C B (Centre for Incubation, Innocation Research and Consultancy (CIIRC), Jyothy Institute of Tech, Bangaluru, Email: padmashree.a@ciirc.jyothyit.ac.in) : Studies on an ancient aircraft material - panchaloha. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(7), 446-9.

This paper reports the preparation and characterization of Panchaloha, an ancient aircraft material, described in the ancient Sanskrit text Bharadwaja's Vymanika Sastra (BVS). The alloy composition was deciphered as a leaded brass. Liquid metallurgy using coal fired blower fitted furnace was employed for preparation of the specimens and they were characterized for density, tensile properties, hardness, electrical conductivity and microstructure. The specimens were found to be golden yellow in colour and the percentage of lead in the alloy varied between 6 and 7%. Experimental density was 6% less than the theoretical density (8.88 g/cc). Ultimate Tensile Strength was 168.6 MPa and the specimens were found to be fairly ductile with 9.5 to 11% elongation. The electrical conductivity was in the range of 25 to 33% of pure copper even with the presence of high amount of lead in the alloy. Uniformly distributed microporosity was the main feature of the microstructure. Thus most of the properties of the alloy specimens were found to be in conformance with the descriptions in Bharadwaja's Vymanika Sastra.

^ssc1 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

013976   Agarwal M M;Govil M C;Sinha M;Jhankal A K (Computer Science Dep, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi, Jaipur Campus, 302 017, Email: mmagarwal@bitmesra.ac.in) : Energy conservation by improving flooding mechanism in MANET. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(7), 408-14.

Ad - 193 - hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is the most widely used routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network where every node broadcasts control packets with unit rebroadcast probability causing too many redundant transmissions leading to unnecessary energy consumption and hence reduced network lifetime. The limited power of the mobile devices is always a concern for research community forcing to develop more and more energy efficient techniques and protocols to increase the service lifetime. This paper proposes a fixed probabilistic based energy efficient route discovery method for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) which is imbibed in traditional AODV protocol to give its enhanced version termed as FPAODV. The novelty in proposed FPAODV protocol is the analytical method along with algorithmic approach developed to determine the threshold rebroadcast probability is more generic and efficient. This probability at each node decides the rebroadcasting of received control packets to its neighbours. It is demonstrated that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing routing protocols from their class in terms of average received control packets per node and the energy consumption.

3 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

013975   Abbasi I;Ali S S A;Ovinis M;Naeem W (Electrical & Electronics Engineering Dep, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia, Email: msc.isra@gmail.com ) : U-model based controller design for an unmanned free swimming summersible (UFSS) vehicle under hydrodynamic disturbances. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(4), 742-8.

This paper presents design and implementation of the U-model based controller for controlling pitch angle and heading of an unmanned free swimming submersible vehicle. It is shown that the U-model can adaptively model dynamics of unmanned free swimming submersible and since the U-model is a control oriented scheme, a simple law based on internal model control is used to synthesize the control input. Performance of designed controller is evaluated under hydrodynamic disturbances caused by water current. Further, the performance of proposed scheme is compared with the traditional PID. Both controllers give satisfactorily performance with the U-model performing better in terms of settling time and steady state error.

12 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

013310   Yousuf N (NO, Public Works Dep (R and B), Jammu and Kashmir, Email: mohd_nabeel09@yahoo.in) : Seismic analysis of RC frame with and without shear walls. Int J civ struct Engng 2016, 6(3), 168-78.

This Research paper reflects the seismic importance of Shear walls in RC frames. A proposed 8-storey symmetric (rectangular in plan) RC building in Kashmir (INDIA) is chosen as model in this study. The building is first modeled using Indian Standard Code of Practice (IS 875, parts I-V) specified for school occupancy and then designed for gravity and lateral loads manually using Moment Distribution Method (MDM). The results from MDM were fed to a FORTRAN based program developed by the University of Buffalo called IDARC-2D to carry out inelastic two dimensional analyses on selected frame (critical one) from the building. This program is able to compute what is known as 'structural damage index' which is a way of quantifying numerically the seismic damage suffered by buildings. The damage indices such as base shear, storey drift, displacement etc. are computed for each storey by IDAREC-2D using the modified ELCENTRO (1940) design response spectra for critical frame without and with shear walls (at different locations) separately. The damage indices for each storey, with and without shear walls were tabulated and plotted on a same scale for comparison study and discussion. Conclusions are drawn from the work and important recommendations on the basis of results are drawn from the comparisons and conclusions.

3 illus, 3 tables

013309   Xu H;Wang Y;Hao Z;Song Y;Deng J;Zhao W (NO, , ) : Analsysis and application of new acid fracturing technology for carbonate reservoirin offshore deep well with high temperature. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 50-62.

Acid fracturing is the key production and stimulation technology for the oil-gas reservoirs. This paper developed Loss Control Acid and Divert Acid System used in the Bohai Bay Nanpu oilfield Ordovician carbonate reservoir, which has the problems of deep reservoir burial depth, high temperature, well developed fracture and cavern and high anisotropy. This formation used to be acid fractured with gelled acid and it responded poorly. It also has a series of developing problems. The developed systems have overcome the difficulties of acid retarding at high temperature and long interval can't be homogeneous fractured. The fluid system was successfully applied on the well of Nanpu 283 and a positive effect was obtained. The experience of large scale acid fracturing for - 383 - offshore high temperature carbonate reservoir was given.

013308   Vidya S B;Jayakumar M;Finitha K C;Ramesh N; Jayantha D;Abdul Samad A K;Ravikumar C;Shyam Mohan N (NO, , ) : Flush air data system(FADS) validation in a subsonic wind tunnel. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 5-15.

Flush air data sensing system (FADS) makes use of surface pressure measurements from the nose cap of the vehicle for deriving the air data parameters of the vehicle such as angle of attack, angle of sideslip, Mach number, etc. The overall FADS system including pressure transducers, tubing, port geometry, FADS algorithm, and electronics along with the mechanical and electrical integration scheme is successfully tested in a subsonic wind tunnel facility. The tests are carried out in a low speed wind tunnel at wind speed of 65 m/s (Mach=0.2). For each blow-down, angle of sideslip (beta) is set at one value and angle of attack (alpha) is varied. Air data measurements (alpha, beta, Mach number) in each blow-down is analyzed and compared with the set conditions. For first developmental flights, the demanded accuracies from FADS are of the order of +/-2° in alpha and beta. Details of the FADS system, the embedded algorithm and the various interfaces are explained. The tests conducted and the performance obtained by comparing with the set conditions is presented in this paper. The experimental result establishes that the accuracies demanded are provided by the system.

013307   Ved Prakash (NO, , ) : Application of magnus effect in case of a soccer ball. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 1-4.

This paper discusses the different areas of research conducted on the Magnus effect on a soccer ball and the different methodologies used. The different methodologies used have been arranged in a tabular format for easier viewing and referring. The methodologies have been described so that the reader can understand the various contributions of the author and the considerations and assumptions taken by the author in their respective work. The tabular format helps in easy comparison of the various methods used by the various authors in their contributions. Thus, the areas of further research can be easily pointed out from the work already done in this field and the methodologies that can be used to delve further into this effect in case of soccer balls have also been briefly discussed after the review of the literature.

013306   Vaz L (NO, Russell Square International College, Mumbai, Maharashtra) : SMEs in auto components. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 187-9.

In India Automotive industry is growing at an alarming rate. It is the engine of growth for the economy. It is amazing to know that this industry provides employment to 1.5 million people. It contributes 3.8% to national GDP and 25.6% to manufacturing GDP. To make India lucrative in automotive industry for foreign investment, the focus must be improving Research and Development and create greater returns than the cost of capital. Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA) has adopted the theme "make quality and technology in India". This had given boost for new product development, enhancing quality standards, safety standards, embracing digital technology, upgrading employee's skills to meet the global standards and global expansion of OEMs. In order to become globally competitive there should be strong cooperation and collaboration between the various stakeholders i.e. OEMs, component manufacturers, machine tools suppliers, raw material suppliers and the government. (http://www.acma.in/president-acma.php) The pie chart shown below depicts according to the product range the % of Auto component industry in India.

8 ref

013305   Upadhye V R;Jagtap C P;Dahake A G (NO, , ) : Modelling initial design of steel portal frame using ANN. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 16-20.

Structural Engineering involves the understanding and modeling of natural phenomenon, material behavior and laws of mechanics, intuition, past experience or expertise and knowledge of analysis techniques. Especially in structural design, the difficulty in problem definition and the large number of constraints makes it difficult to program a machine for computerization of the total design process. The analysis of structure is performed based on the initial design and redesign of the structure is done using the results of this analysis. Various softwares available based on stiffness matrix method or finite element method is also required to be provided with the geometric properties of the sections initially. To reduce number of subsequent cycles for analysis and design a good initial design model is required as it is very difficult to interpret the correct cross section and reinforcement etc. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a correct tool as it can be learnt from available designs. It is observed from the literature review that ANN can be used effectively in structural optimization, initializing the design procedure of structural elements. In this research, an attempt is made to apply ANN for modeling the initial design of portal rigid steel frame. A dataset over certain range is developed for training and testing of ANNs. The results of the unseen problems by the network are compared with the dataset and prediction of initial design of frame by the network.

013304   Thombare C N;Sangle K K;Mohitka V M;Kharmale S B (Structural Engineering Dep, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai, Email: cnthombre@yahoo.co.in) : Nonlinear buckling analysis of 2-D cold-formed steel storage rack structures. Int J civ struct Engng 2016, 6(3), 263-76.

Industrial storage racks are among the most important structures made from cold-formed steel sections. They are widely used due to the increasing need for rational space utilization in warehouses, factories and other facilities used to store goods. Pallet rack is a material handling, storage aid system designed to store materials on pallets. Although there are many varieties of pallet racking, all types allow for the storage of palletized materials in horizontal rows with multiple levels. Rack systems are widely used in malls and warehouses where they are loaded with valuable goods. The cold-formed steel columns usually have open cross-sections and thin walled, making it vulnerable to torsional-flexural buckling and local buckling. The loss of these goods may be greater than the cost of total rack on which goods are stored, which indirectly affects the owner. Therefore, understanding the stability of rack structures is very much important. This paper deals with numerical linear and nonlinear buckling analysis of a conventional pallet racking system. The main focus of this study is to ascertain the stability of 2-D - 381 - frames of a pallet racking system. With this objective, pallet racking system with cold-formed steel section is simulated by three dimensional models using shell elements in ABAQUS as general purpose finite element analysis software. Linear and nonlinear buckling analyses are carried out on these frames. The results are obtained from finite element analysis of frames with 12 types of column sections are presented in this paper.

15 illus, 7 table, 16 ref

013303   Thomas M;Thomas K K;Kurian T (Polymer Science and Rubber Technology Dep, Cochin Univ of Science and Technology, Kochi-682 022) : Efficient of vulcanization system with pyrrolidinylthiurea in natural rubber. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(4), 271-83.

Binary accelerator formulations involve the use of two different accelerators in the rubber vulcanization system, often leading to improved vulcanizate properties. Binary accelerator based formulations have emerged as popular vulcanization systems to minimize pre-vulcanization, permit the vulcanization at low temperature in a shorter time and produce a vulcanizate with superior mechanical properties. Thiourea and its derivatives can play an important role in binary accelerator systems. In the present study, a new derivative of thiourea namely N-benzoyl-N', N'-pyrrolidinylthiourea (BPTU) has been synthesized, characterized and incorporated as binary accelerator along with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) for the vulcanization of natural rubber in the gum and filler systems. Appreciable reductions of cure time and addicate improvement in mechanical properties are the main outcomes of the study when compared to the reference mixes containing MBT or BPTU alone as accelerator. The variation in mechanical properties has been correlated to the crosslink formation in various vulcanisates used in the study. Thermogravimetric studies of the new system were also investigated. BPTU alone can also act as an accelerator but it is more efficient in a binary system.

8 illus, 6 table, 27 ref

013302   Syrmanova K K;Kovaleva A Y;Botabayev N; Baibazarova E A;Bektursunova A K;Kaldybekova Z B;Rivkina T V (NO, Auezov South Kazakhastan State University, 160012, Shymkent, Tauke Khan av., 5, Kazakhstan, Email: anastasiya2301@mail.ru) : Oil products quality improvement by adsorption method. Oriental J Chem 2017, 33(1), 282-7.

Petroleum takes the leading place in fuel and energy sector. It is a basis of fuel and energy balance of advanced countries economics. Light oil proven reserves reducing is a general trend of modern oil industry development. Almost the entire increase in reserves is due to viscous heavy sour oil^1-2. Nowadays quality of the most important oil products is a crucial problem in refinery industry. The problem of oil products quality is connected with their using and operation in - 380 - engines and machines. Requirements increasing to stability and effective technics maintenance leads to oil products running abilities significant hardening. In order to protect the environment, the risk to obtain oil products with improved environmental properties was assigned. Properties of the oil determine the direction and condition of its processing and directly affect the quality of the oil products^3-4.

2 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

013301   Sumit Kumar;Raman D;Saxena A (NO, , ) : Natural gas hydrate (A Brief Review). J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 27-34.

Hydrates are often called as a future fuel or frozen fuel. There is an abundant source of natural gas deposits as compared to the conventional deposits. The reservoirs of the natural gas hydrates have been strongly suggested as a potential energy resource. These resources have the potential of displacing the position of conventional hydrocarbons from the energy dealing markets when trapped within the water molecules. This is possible only when they can be extracted effectively in a cost effective manner. The increasing natural gas prices makes the production from these unconventional gas deposits an economically viable affair. Gas trapped inside the hydrate structure is so far not produced at a commercial rate attributing to the major variation in the economics of natural gas demand and supply chain. The commercial production is supposedly to be commenced within the forthcoming years. In the present work various hydrates extraction methods have been discussed with their merits and demerits from the complex hydrate structures. This paper provides a review of the gas hydrate occurrence, crystal structures, resource assessment exploration and challenges.

013300   Sumashekar V (NO, , ) : Numerical analysis over a low reynolds number 3D wing. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 29-34.

A micro air vehicle (MAV) is defined as class of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) having a linear dimension of less than 15 cm and a mass of less than 100 g with flight speeds of 6 to 12 m/sec. MAVs fall within a Reynolds number (Re) range of 50,000 and 120,000, in which many causes of unsteady aerodynamic effects are not fully understood. The research field of low Reynolds number aerodynamics is currently an active one, with many defence organizations, universities, and corporations working towards a better understanding of the physical processes of this aerodynamic regime. In the present work, it is proposed to study the unsteady aerodynamic analysis of 3D wing using CFD software. The various steps involved in this work are geometric modelling using CATIA, meshing using ICEM CFD, and solution and post processing through FLUENT. The finite control volume analysis has been carried out to predict aerodynamic characteristics such as lift coefficients and drag coefficients. The lift and drag coefficients were compared for all the simulations with experimental results. It was observed that for the 3D wing, lift and drag both compared well for the midrange angle of attack from -5 to 12⁰ AOA.

013299   Subba Rao E;Ramanaiah N (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Loyala Institute of Technology and Management, Sattenapalli, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Microstructures and mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composites (AAA 6061 reinforced with Mos2) composites prepared by stir casting and heat treatment. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(1), 39-48.

The present study is aimed to evaluating the mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC). An effort is made to enhance the mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, % of elongation of AMMCs by reinforcing AA6061 matrix with Molybdinum di sulfide (MoS2) particles. AMMCs were made, AA6061 as matrix material and MoS2 as reinforcement material, through stir casting method. AMMCs with varying percentage by different wt. %, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% MoS2 were fabricated. A systematic study of the matrix metal and AMMCs were done to evaluate the mechanical properties (hardness, yield strength and tensile strength) in as cast and heat treatment condition. It was observed that in comparison to the matrix metal, the precipitation kinetic was accelerated by adding the MoS2 particles. It was noticed that, mechanical properties are increase with the increase in wt. % of the reinforcement up to 4% MoS2.Further addition there is a diminution in both the conditions (as cast and heat treatment condition). It was also thought-out that 4% MOS2 composite shows better mechanical (hardness, yield strength and tensile strength) properties and low % of elongation than all other compositions in both the conditions. Optical microscopy and Scanning electron micrographs were carried out to authenticate the mechanical properties of the matrix metal and AMMCs.

9 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

013298   Srivastava A;Singhal V;Aggarawal A K (NO, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Distt. Sangrur, Punjab) : Comparative analysis of multimodal medical image fusion using PCA and wavelet transforms. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 115-18.

Nowadays, there are a lot of medical images and their numbers are increasing day by day. These medical images are stored in large database. To minimize the redundancy and optimize the storage capacity of images, medical image fusion is used. The main aim of medical image fusion is to combine complementary information from multiple imaging modalities (Eg: CT, MRI, PET etc.) of the same scene. After performing image fusion, the resultant image is more informative and suitable for patient diagnosis. There are some fusion techniques which are described in this paper to obtain fused image. This paper presents two approaches to image fusion, namely Spatial Fusion and Transform Fusion. This paper describes Techniques such as Principal Component Analysis which is spatial domain technique and Discrete Wavelet Transform, Stationary Wavelet Transform which are Transform domain techniques. Performance metrics are implemented to evaluate the performance of image fusion algorithm. An experimental result shows that image fusion method based on Stationary Wavelet Transform is better than Principal Component Analysis and Discrete Wavelet Transform.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

013297   Sreelakshmi C D (Malabar College of Engineering and Technology, Kerala Technological Univ, Kerala) : Heavy metal removal from wastewater using ocimum sanctum. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 85-90.

Heavy metals are commonly released in the wastewater from various industries. These heavy metal ions are toxic to both human beings and animals. The toxic metals cause physical discomfort and sometimes life threatening illness and irreversible damage to vital body system. The present work investigates the potential use of Ocimum sanctum for the removal of iron and lead from wastewater. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) a medicinal plant, is used for the removal of heavy - 378 - metals from wastewater.

2 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

013296   Somashekar V;Kruthika K C;Pavithra S;Priyanka R;Shreerangamma T L (NO, , ) : Report on numerical investigation of wings: with and without telescopic wing. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 16-23.

The telescopic wing has generated lots of interest in telescopic wing weight, geometry, complexity, structure, retractable/extendable mechanisms and aerodynamic performance etc. The problem is to develop telescopic wing for Piper PA-28 Cherokee is a one of the light aircraft built by Piper aircraft and designed for flight training, air taxi, and personal use. The key design parameters for the telescopic wing aircraft as mentioned are lift force generated (lift coefficient) to reduce the take-off and landing distances, to decrease fuel consumption during take-off and landing and to increase static stability of the aircraft during take-off and landing phase at the same time in flight maneuvers remains same. The design process is based upon the above parameters. After numerical computation of the above parameters, the same will be checked with the values obtained from the theoretical calculations. Since the telescopic wing aircraft to go through a cycle from take-off to ascend to cruise to descent to landing on the runway it is necessary to check the design process at every stage of computation. The proposed solutions are lift and draft coefficients, aerodynamic forces at different angles of attack. In the present work, it is proposed to study the telescopic wing aerodynamic analysis using CFD software. The various steps involved in this work are geometric modeling using CATIA V5R17, meshing using ICEM CFD, and solution and post-processing through FLUENT. The lift and drag coefficients were compared for all the simulations with experimental results. The objective of the work has been achieved successfully for both takeoff and landing of the aircraft with increased level of stability and performance of the aircraft.

013295   Singh S;Dutta T;Bajaj M M (NO, , ) : Perturbative bis strings and superstrings hindering to the space dynamics. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(1), 20-3.

String theory helps us to describe theoretically the - 377 - ultramicroscopic properties of the space. It makes the GTR given by Einstein fully compatible with the laws of quantum mechanics. String theory states that the elementary components of the universe are not point particles. Rather they are tiny, one-dimensional slender thread-like object or fibre like rubber bands. Despite being composed of molecules and atoms, these strings are inextricably bound up with the matter. All these strings are inter-connected with each other. Better to say in space we find infinite number of strings which control the space dynamics. Due to the breakdown of integrated system (BIS) these strings become chaotic. Hence arise the hindrances in the motion of the flights. We have named these strings as BIS strings. In our present paper, we will study the properties of these BIS strings pertaining to the aerospace dynamics.

013294   Singh R;Maurya P;Patel D P;Ranjan P (Electronicsn and Communication Engineering Dep, United College of Engineering and Management, Naini, Allahabad) : Microcontroller based elevator system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 160-2.

In today's society technology is growing at an exponential rate, and elevator is very common example of technology for consuming time of human being Elevator began as hoists. An elevator is platform that can move up and down in vertical direction by a mechanical means. In the past elevator drive mechanism were powered by stream and water hydraulic piston. In today's world, there are intricate governors and switching schemes to carefully control cab needs in any situation, buttons have been giving way to keypads. In our project, the atmega8 microcontroller based lift system is constructed to simulate as an actual lift in the human life. The elevator control system is one of the important aspects in electronics control module in automotive application. Here elevator control system is designed with different levels. First the elevator control system is implemented for multi-storage buildings.

9 ref

013293   Sihabudeen M M;Ali A A;Hussain A Z (PG and Research Chemistry of Dep, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirapalli) : Physico-Chemical characteristics of ground water samples in and around Tiruchirappalli town, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(3), 202-7.

The present study is conducted to assess the ground water suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose in and around Tiruchirappalli Town, Tamilnadu. Ten Ground water samples are collected from the bore wells in and around Tiruchirappalli town. All the samples are subjected for Physico-chemical parameter analysis and the results are compared with the WHO standard values. From this study, it is concluded that most of the Ground water samples are above the permissible limit suggested by WHO.

1 table, 12 ref

013292   Sidhaarth K R A;Jeyanthi J (Civil Engineering Dep, Anna Univ Chennai, Regional Centre, Coimbatore, Email: aswincivil@gmail.com) : Cobalt ferrite nanoprticles for Zn(II) removal. J envir Sci Engng 2016, 58(2), 101-8.

The study involves the applicability of cobalt ferrite - 376 - nanoparticle as an adsorbent for the removal of zinc from the synthetic solution. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticle was synthesized by co- precipitation method by incorporating chlorides of respective metal ions with sodium hydroxide as pH stabilizer. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. The zero point of charge of the nanoparticle was determined by solid addition method. TEM and XRD analysis revealed that size of nanoparticle was in the range of 16-49nm. From the scanning electron microscope studies, the structure of the nanoparticle was agglomerated. Batch experiments were carried out to optimize the influencing parameters such as contact time, dosage, pH, initial metal ion concentration, and agitation speed. To test the ground efficacy the results were subjected to modeling of two domains, isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin) modeling and kinetic (Intraparticle Diffusion) modeling. The column studies have been carried out to optimize the bed depth and the column models were developed.

6 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref

013291   Shinde S N;Vankudre H V;Thakur D G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, SOE, Pune) : Comparative study of cutting force, feed force, surface roughness and tool wear in machining of inconel 718 with uncoated and coated tungsten carbide inserts. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(1), 30-8.

Nickel based superalloy, Inconel 718, is widely employed in aerospace industry. Due to its mechanical, thermal and chemical properties, Inconel 718 is generally included among materials that are hard to machine. Machining of Inconel 718 require hard and tough cutting tools. A comparative study of Inconel 718 is conducted in this paper by using three levels of cutting speeds (25, 50, 75 m/min), feed rates (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm/rev) and tungsten carbide inserts (Uncoated H10F-S15(T1), TiCN+Al₂O₃+TiN (T2)multicoated and TiAlN coated (T3)). Depth of cut was kept constant at 0.5 mm. Based on extensive experimental data; the results were compared and qualitatively explained in terms of four quantities: (1) Cutting Force (2) Feed Force (3) Surface Roughness and (4) Tool Wear

8 illus, 13 tables, 11 ref

013290   Sharma J;Prasad J;Ghosh D K (Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Banasthali University, Rajasthan-304 022, Email: sharmajyoti09@gmail.com) : Construction of pairwise balanced design. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 109-13.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the various methods for the construction of Pairwise balanced design using (a) Balanced Incomplete Block design (BIBD), (b) Semi regular and Regular group divisible designs and (c) Resolvable group divisible designs. The main interest of this paper is that some of the methods of construction of pairwise balanced design is in fact, the extension of Bose and Shrikhande (1960) because they constructed from group divisible design when λ₂-λ₁ = 1 only, while our method extended it for λ₂-λ₁ = p (p = 1,2,3,4,5). It has also been shown that some of the pairwise balanced designs constructed here are with repeated blocks nature.

5 ref

013289   Shabannia R (Physics Dep, College of Science, Babol Univ of Technology, Babol, Iran, Email: rezash56@gmail.com ) : Growth and characterization of ZnO nanorods grown on porous silicon substrates prepared with different etching times. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(4), 261-6.

Self-assembly of densely packed ZnO nanorods were grown on porous silicon (PS) substrates by chemical bath deposition. The structural and optical properties of the fabricated ZnO nanostructures on PS substrates prepared with different etching times were systematically studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed - 375 - that the self-assembly of densely packed ZnO nanorods occurred on the pore walls, inside the pores, and on the surface of PS substrates. FEEM images indicated that the average diameter and length of the ZnO nanorods increased 100 to 200 nm and 600 to 1200 nm with increased etching time from 10 min to 20 min, respectively. X-ray diffraction indicated that the intensity of the ZnO (002) peak increased with increased etching time from 10 min to 15 min, and then decreased with further increased etching time to 20 min. The photoluminescence spectra exhibited a strong UV emission peak located from 379 nm to 381 nm and a visible region emission peak located from 500 nm to 700 nm. The highest intensity ratio (I_UV/I_DLE) was obtained using the PS substrate prepared with etching time of 15 min.

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

013288   Selvi P P;Marimuthu B;Naveen V;Eniyavan E (NO, , ) : Photocatalytic cement concrete for the degradation of textile dyes. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2017, 8(1), 32-5.

This process is developed in the way that low level usage of chemical such as Titanium-di-oxide and urea along with the cement concrete structure for the photocatalytic activity under sunlight. When the cement concrete structure is introduced the sustainability of the process is increased so the efficient use of the reactant is achieved. From this study we obtained that the photocatalytic way of separation of waste ions can increase the purification process. The feed water is the waste from the common effluent plant with high in BOD and COD content. Two crystalline forms of TiO₂, viz. anatase and rutile were tested for their photocatalytic activity. The extent of photocatalytic degradation was found to increase with increasing TiO₂ concentration up to 2 g/L TiO₂, 5 g/L urea above which degradation remained practically constant. Textile waste degradation was enhanced at acidic conditions and in the addition of hydrogen peroxide. For the assessment of catalyst activity on repeated use, experiments were performed; after thrice successive uses, TiO₂ had sufficiently retained its photocatalytic activity and to perform the kinetic studies.

013287   Saleh A A (NO, , Engineering Technical College, Southern Technical University) : Assessment artificial lighting intensity. Archiv appl Sci Res 2016, 8(4), 8-12.

Increasing numbers of people work inside buildings under artificial lighting both night and day causes many of diseases, some of this disease represent as biological hazard include hazard for eye, skin, as well as breast cancer, sleep disorders. The current study obtain that human exposure to artificial lighting more than 10 hours daily, man exposure to artificial lighting about 10-17 hours daily. 100% of children exposure to artificial lighting more than 12 hours daily, children exposure about 4-5 hours daily to schools artificial lighting. Teens exposure to artificial light about 11-17 hours daily. 49% of women exposure to artificial lighting low from 12 hours daily, while 51% of woman exposure to artificial light more than12 hours daily. In this study, illumination level of artificial light were measured in many locations include bedroom, living room, and children room in home as well as offices and lectures room in college. illumination level of light at those locations were similar to international standards.

4 illus, 3 table, 24 ref

013286   Saket Kumar;Chaudhary P (NO, , ) : Contemplation of coal bed methane in pertroleum industry. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(2), 23-6.

The hunger for energy has been on its peak since industrialization. The human race has been trying all hook and crook in order to discover new sources of energy. In today's world, a minor portion of the energy requirement basket is being filled up by unconventional non-hydrocarbon resources but still the majority of it is filled by unconventional and conventional hydrocarbon resources. The conventional hydrocarbon resources are oil and natural gas while the unconventional hydrocarbon resources include shale gas and coal bed methane. Coal bed methane is one of the most important upcoming unconventional hydrocarbon resources. It is the gas which is adsorbed on coal and is extracted by de-pressuring coal seams through de-watering. The reservoir pressure of CBM reservoirs is very less hence an artificial lift to de-water well is required at the very first day of production. The sand production is very high in CBM wells as sand is used in hydraulic fracturing. To handle the excess sand, the most extensively used artificial lifts are progressive cavity pumps and electrical submersible pumps. In the present study, an analysis of total potential CBM reserves in India and around the - 374 - world has been made. The paper presents the future prospects of CBM and its effective production.

013285   Sahabo A A;Mohammed A B (Urban and Regional Planning Dep, Modibbo Adama Univ of Technology Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria) : GIS based multi-criteria analysis for siting recreational Parksin Yola-North local government. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(1), 20-9.

Recreation and leisure is vital in human life. Suitability analysis is essential in planning for developmental projects especially within a built up area; hence identification of potential sites for such projects is critical in urban development. This study demonstrates the application of geographic information system (GIS) based multi-criteria analysis to identify potential sites for recreational parks in Yola-North local government, Nigeria. Five datasets were used for the purpose of this study; Street data, elevation data (digital elevation model), land use/cover, population and open spaces data, generated from Yola geo database using Arc GIS 10.2. A suitability model was developed to identify suitable sites considering three criteria; these are slope of not less than 60%, population density and availability of parcels. Suitable sites were determined by overlay operations using the weighted overlay tools. This study concluded that with suitability analysis using spatial analyst extension, potential sites for recreational parks can be identified.

11 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013284   Rupani S V;Gopani P (NO, , ) : Material selection for mechanical structures of space borne payloads. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 24-8.

Space borne payloads consist of several structures to fulfill its functions in space operation. Among these structures, mechanical structure serves as a backbone of whole payload. Hence mechanical structure - 373 - needs to have very high rigidity and strength. For space applications, materials to be used in mechanical structures need to be selected very carefully. Every gram of added weight increases few liters of fuel consumption and hence costs extra money for launching of payloads. Hence material used in space borne mechanical structure needs to be very light. Now days composite materials are replacing metallic materials due to having superior mechanical properties with lesser weight. Although manufacturing of all the components of structure is not possible with composite materials. Hence compromised choice of light weight metal needs to be selected. This paper gives insight about materials selection consideration for space borne mechanical structures.

013283   Ruchika;Anand V K;Sood S C;Virdi G S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research- Ambala, Haryana) : Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide based thick and thin film ethanol sensors doped with aluminium oxide. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(1), 81-9.

Ethanol gas is a hypnotic or sleep producer gas having toxic nature. The persons working on ethanol synthesis have great chances of being victims of respiratory and digestive track cancer. So there is a massive demand and rising challenges for monitoring ethanol gas. The present work is focused on the fabrication and characterization of pure and aluminum oxide doped n-type semiconducting zinc oxide based ethanol sensors prepared using thick and thin film technologies. Characterization of samples by XRD and SEM provided valuable information about the structural and morphological properties of nanoparticles. Doped and pure ZnO samples show good crystallinity having wurtzite hexagonal structure. In case of thick film sensor, sensitivity of pure ZnO towards 400 ppm ethanol gas is 56.53% and sensitivity of Al₂O₃ doped ZnO film is 80.34%. For thin film sensor, sensitivity of pure ZnO is 59.44% and sensitivity of Al₂O₃ doped ZnO is 94.29%. The sensitivity of Al₂O₃ doped ZnO is found to be more than the sensitivity of the pure ZnO. It is also observed that the sensitivity of thin film is better than the sensitivity of thick film. The response and recovery time is of the order (<126>6s) and (<126> 20s) respectively.

3 illus, 12 ref

013282   Roy R R;Aditya A (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi) : Review on applicability and design of sequencing batch reactor. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(3), 245-56.

Day by day production of wastewater is increasing with the advent of scientific age. The direct disposal of such liquid waste in the environment ultimately upset the aquatic reservoir and human community as well. So, those wastewaters are needed to be treated before releasing in the environment. But the nature of wastewater varies significantly due to their origin. It may contain different types of organic matters, nutrients, chemicals, and heavy metals. As a result, all liquid wastewater can't be treated by following one typical treatment process. Comparing to other existing techniques SBR is a promising method to treat a wide variety of wastewater with several critical modifications. This review paper aims to find out recent works on SBR, how it has been modified to treat different types of wastewater, the efficiency of each modification in removing pollutants and other nutrients etc. This might also help others who wish to conduct research to improve the existing SBR design efficiency and discover new modifications for treating wastewater.

1 illus, 2 table, 40 ref

013281   Riya Ravi;Paul B;Sirin K L;Varun Kumar (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Calicut Univ, Nirmala College of Engineering, Kerala) : Smart voice controlled wheelchair. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(2), 72-4.

Voice Controlled Wheel chair is a mobile wheel chair whose motions can be controlled by the user by giving specific voice commands. The speech recognition software running on a PC is capable of identifying the 5 voice commands 'Run', 'Stop', 'Left', 'Right' and 'Back' issued by a particular User. This system controls the wheel chair as well as read the parameters of patient.

3 illus, 5 ref

013280   Reddy S S;Sreenivasulu P;Poornima T;Reddy N B (Mathematics Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupathi-517 502) : Magnetohydrodynamic convective flow of radiating nanofluid past a stretching surface in presence of heat source/sink. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(4), 337-50.

An examination is made to study the upshots of an unsteady MHD radiating nanofluid past a stretching sheet taking into account the heat source/sink. The transport model employed includes the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Nanofluids revolutionize the industrial world now-a-days for its great energy transferring property. The particle dispersion called Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect plays a vital role in this problem. The unsteadiness in the flow field is because of the time dependence of the stretching velocity, free stream velocity and the surface temperature. The dimensional boundary layer equations of motion, energy and species are transformed into dimensionless equations using time dependent similarity parameter. The ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically using Runge-Kutta scheme along with shooting technique. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration as well as skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are computed numerically and presented graphically. A comparative study between the previous published and present results in a limiting sense is found in an excellent agreement. The recent advancements in the research of thermophoresis paves way in fascinating perspectives to exploit thermophoresis as a novel tool in macromolecular fractionation, micro-fluidic manipulation, and selective tuning of colloidal structures.

21 illus, 1 table, 37 ref

013279   Rao P S;Husain M M (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Vijay Rural Engineering College, Nizamabad-503 003, Email: sampathrao_polusani@yahoo.co.in) : Prediction analysis on mechanical properties of hygrothermal ageing GFRP composite laminates. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(4), 288-96.

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are being used in a various applications ranging from aerospace, military, marine to sports equipments. The reinforcement materials are highly hygroscopic nature, the matrix material provides protection to the reinforcement, for example the parts made of composite materials and exposed to harsh environment, the water molecules from environment are induced in exposed material then travel along the reinforcement, which causes - 371 - damage to the interfacial bonding. This results in the performance of the parts getting affected. Therefore, mechanical and environmental characterization of these materials is necessary to further enhance their application spectrum. Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are subjected to different working environments when they are put into service. Hence, there is an imminent effort is required to investigate the mechanical behavior of these materials when subjected to different environmental conditions under different exposure time schedules. In the present work an attempt has been made to understanding the effect of moisture absorption on strength degradation coupled with temperature. Also estimate life cycle time of polymer composite components such as marine boats and submarine applications and under water applications. From the test results and prediction analysis, it is clear that the tensile and flexural modulus of the conditioned specimens is significantly reduced due to the environmental impact.

12 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

013278   Ramajeyathilagam;Niranjani R G (Aeronautical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai-603 103) : Effect of underwater explosion on submerged bodies. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2016, 5(3), 235-44.

Composite materials find wide use in underwater vehicles because of high strength to weight ratio and low magnetic signatures. The structural failure under explosion loading is one of the prime criteria for designing the pressure hull. The response of structures to the resultant shock loading from explosion is quite complex involving fluid - structure interaction, high strain rates, material and geometric non-linearities. Under impact loading such as shock loads, the composite hull can be subjected to fibre tension, fibre compression, matrix tension, matrix compression and matrix shear. In this paper, an attempt has been made to establish various sequence of failures associated with composite hull and the corresponding shock factors. The analysis of the submersible hull has been carried out using LSDYNA finite element code considering composite material model. The explosive and fluid domains are modelled using Eulerian solid element and the composite hull and the stiffeners using Lagrangian shell element. The explosive and the fluid domain are represented by JWL and Gruneisen equation of state respectively. The complex fluid-structure interaction problem has been solved using Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) coupling.

10 illus, 2 table, 17 ref