012179   Anandraj J;Joshi G M (Polymer Nanocomposite Laboratory, Centre for Crystal Growth, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: varadgm@gmail.com) : Preparation and characterization of low dielectric constant soft polymer blends for engineering applications . Indian J pure appl Phys 2017, 55(5), 313-23.

The preparation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/cellulose acetate (CA) blends has been performed by solution casting. The structural, morphology, thermal, dielectric properties and softness have been tested as a function of the weight fraction of the CA. The decrease in inter-planar distance has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The decrease in direct band gap has been influenced by CA composition demonstrated by ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectroscopy technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates the micro porous nature of blends. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirms the increase in thermal stability of the miscible blends. The real dielectric polarization (ε_r) has been measured as a function of frequency. The low dielectric loss tangent (tan d) in PVC/CA blends has been observed based on the principle of restricted polarizibility. The shore 'A' durometer test enables to confirm the softness of miscible blends. Optimized low dielectric constant and softness properties would be suggested for various electrical and electronic engineering applications.

11 illus, 6 tables, 52 ref

012178   Aldemir A;Hapoglu H (Chemical Engineering Dep, Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Faculty of Engineering, Van, Turkey) : Statistical analysis of a wireless control system: determining relationship between heater and different temperature points. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2010, 5(2), 137-46.

This work has been carried out for statistical analysis of a process simulator that was used for the wireless control. Wireless input/output data obtained from the Cussons P3005 type process control simulator which three different temperature points (T2, T3, T4) were selected as the independent variables while the heater capacity was chosen as the dependent variable. Wireless temperature experiments were achieved by using MATLAB/Simulink program and wireless data transfer during the experiments were carried out with radio waves at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Statistical analysis of this wireless control system was done using MS Excel, Minitab and SPSS Statistics softwares. Linear Regression (LR) analysis was applied which comprised analysis of variance (ANOVA), t test for means comparison at 5% significance level. ANOVA estimates were carried out for identifying the significant factors that control system. df, MS, SS and F values obtained 3, 427313, 1281938 and 2441 with these softwares, respectively. R square and adjusted R square values of this step change determined 0.83 and standard error value determined 13,23 with these three softwares. Calculated t values for T2, T3 and T4 points are 31.47, -18.70 and 16.52, respectively. Also, p value for this test is determined 0.00. Regression equation coefficients are same values which determined with regression analysis of these software's. Based on the obtained results, coefficients of T2 and T4 points are positive while coefficient of T3 point is negative

2 illus, 7 tables, 18 ref

011204   Zhakupova Z;Yakovlev A;Yespolov T;Ghinassi G; Sarkynov Y (NO, Kazakh National Agrarian Univ, Pr. Abaya, 8, Almaty, 050010 Kazakhstan) : Experimental study into the processes running in hydraulic packer upon pipeless water lifting from wells by means of electrical submersible pump. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(3), 1499-513.

The work discusses the processes in hydraulic packer with ejector upon pipeless water lifting from wells, determination of engineering and technical parameters, verification of reliability and correction of theoretical backgrounds for the processes: fixation of hydraulic packer with electrical submersible pump in well, compression of hydraulic packer with well casing wall and pinching of the packer detwisting mechanism in well; adjustment of major parameters of substantiated typical sizes of hydraulic packers with ejector during their experimental study. The work is based on patent reviews, theoretical considerations, calculations, procedural and experimental approaches.The work presents the results of performed experimental study of the processes in hydraulic packer with ejector upon pipeless water lifting from wells by means of electrical submersible pump: fixation and compression of hydraulic packer in well, pinching of detwisting mechanism. The following parameters are experimentally determined: coefficient of packer local resistances, friction coefficient of rubber-coated roller along steel pipe, required - 313 - minimum excessive water pressure in packer for expansion of sealing ring, required force for packer shimming. Experimental study of the processes in hydraulic packer has confirmed reliability of the assumed mathematical backgrounds, they will be applied in development of their required typical sizes. Therefore, the positive experimental results of study of innovative patented hydraulic packer with ejector can be applied for marketing of devices with required typical sizes for electrical submersible pumps in order to implement efficient water lifting both for general purpose water supply and for melioration, thus reducing metal consumption by 2-3 times in comparison with the existing technology of water lifting (using pipes), as well as operational expenditures for assembling works, increasing operation lifetime of well casing, excluding water pollution and well clogging, improving power indices of pump facility.

12 illus, 40 ref

011203   Yadav S K;Bajpai U (NO, , ) : Degradation in energy yield of solar photovoltaic power plant due to soiling effect. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2017, 8(1), 6-11.

Renewable energx resources are the future of the world. Solar photovoltaic energy conversion is one such type of clean and sustainable energy resource. Solar photovoltaic power plant's performance is directly dependent on the sun's incoming solar radiation availability and its intensity. Solar energy conversion of photovoltaic power plants is limited by local climatic parameters such as temperature, wind, humidity, dust deposition, etc. and geographical factors of latitude, longitude, etc. Accumulation of dust (soiling) on panels causes a considerable loss of output power in solar photovoltaic power plants. Dust accumulation on solar panels causes transmission loss due to absorption and scattering of the incident light, which affect the electricity generation or efficiency of solar panels. In this paper, the performance of a 5 kVA photovoltaic power plant installed at the Centre of Excellence in Renewable Energy Education and Research, University of Lucknow (New Campus) is investigated on the basis of the collected data of two reference modules. One module was cleaned daily whereas the other was left for the deposition of dust throughout the study period. The data analysis shows a large variation in the efficiency and produced electrical output power of the solar photovoltaic power plant. The study is very useful for predicting the performance of the solar photovoltaic power plants in composite climatic conditions.

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011202   Varna P;Yellampalli S (NO, T & E Engineer System Reliability Group ISRO Satellite Centre, Old Airport Road, Kodihalli, Bangalore-560 017, Email: prabhakara.varna@yahoo.in) : Flash memory technology for space application - an approach. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 304-11.

Recently, flash inemory technology has been considered for space application. This paper provides an approach for induction of the flash memory based - 312 - mass data storage system to space program. It also, provides the studies and experiments that have been carried out in recent past to understand and characterize the behavior of flash memory in space environment. Further, it provides the design aspects which need to be addressed when dealing with flash memory for space environment, as identified by domain experts

3 illus, 8 ref

011201   Sitaram N;Suresh M;Satyanash Kumar;Chandran P M D;Prasad B V S S S (Thermal Turbomachines Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: nsitaram.iitm@gmail.com) : Look up type method for five hole probe data reduction. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 329-35.

A lookup method for extracting flow field information from five hole probe measurements is presented. The look up table method consists of two step interpolation. In the first step, the calibration space is divided into a large number of small intervals of yaw and pitch coefficients (0.1, 0.05 or 0.01) and the required quantities are interpolated using local cubic spline interpolation technique. The interpolated values are stored in a large square matrix. In the second step, the measured values of yaw and pitch coefficients are used to determine yaw and pitch angles by linear interpolation. Same procedure is used to determine total and static pressure coefficients. Additional data taken during the calibration is used for validating lookup table method and spline interpolation method. The errors from the look up table method, particularly with the interval of 0.01 are about the same or lower than those obtained from the spline interpolation method. The computational times for lookup table method are found to be lower than that for the spline interpolation method. The lookup table method seems to be attractive when a large amount of five hole probe data is to be processed and in cases where online data processing is required.

5 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

011200   Shusharina N N;Bogdanov E A;Botman S A;Silina E V;Stupin V A;Patrushev M V (NO, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Univ (IKBFU), Nevskogo Str., 14, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia) : Development of the brain-computer interface based on the biometric control channels and multi-model feedback to provide A human with neuro-electronic systems and exoskeleton structures to compensate the motor functions. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(3), 1523-36.

The aim of this paper is to create a multi-functional neuro-device and to study the possibilities of - 311 - long-term monitoring of several physiological parameters of an organism controlled by brain activity with transmitting the data to the exoskeleton. To achieve this goal, analytical review of modern scientific-and-technical, normative, technical, and medical literature involving scientific and technical problems has been performed; the research area has been chosen and justified, including the definition of optimal electrodes and their affixing to the body of the patient, the definition of the best suitable power source and its operation mode, the definition of the best suitable useful signal amplifiers, and a system of filtering off external noises. A neuro-device mock-up has been made for recognizing electrophysiological signals and transmitting them to the exoskeleton, also the software has been written. Investigation tests of the neuro-device mock-up have been performed, which showed the quality of electroencephalography, electromyography, electrooculography, photoplethysmography, and thermometry signals. The developed experimental model of the neuro-device will show all elaborated algorithms and hardware solutions in action to prove the claimed characteristics, which will allow to developing recommendations for using the neuro-device and a TDA to creata prototype of the brain-machine interface for controlling electromechanical devices.

1 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

011199   Saini R;De A (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Email: ashoke@iitk.ac.in) : Numerical predictions of soot formation in kerosene/air jet diffusion flame. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 294-303.

Soot volume fraction in a turbulent diffusion flame burning kerosene/air is simulated using steady flamelet approach. The soot inception model based on the formation rate of three and two ring aromatics is used, which further accounts for inception, coagulation, surface growth, and oxidation processes. The Favre-averaged governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy are solved in conjunction with k-? turbulence model in ANSYS-FLUENT. The fairly detailed reaction mechanism for kerosene/air is coupled to the turbulent flow field by steady laminar flamelet approach, while the soot is calculated using Moss-Brookes model. The predictions are found to match well with the measurements where no significant effects are observed with the inclusion of higher order hydrocarbon as precursors and surface growth.

9 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

011198   Praveenkumar G;Vinodhkumar B;Jayamurugan R; Palanivelraja S (Civil Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Dispersion pattern of SO₂ in the neighbourhood of industrial stationary sources. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(2), 131-6.

This study analyzes the monthly spatial distribution pattern of sulphur dioxide (SO_{2) concentrations measured at ground-level locations, as a result of atmospheric dispersion due to SO2 emissions from the multiple industrial point sources, located in Ennore-Manali-Tiruvotriyur Industrial Estates, spreaded over a large land area, in North Chennai Air Basin. This study-area is ideally - 310 - suited for the application of the 'industrial sources complex short term model- version 3 (ISCST3)' to ascertain the dispersion pattern of sulphur dioxide from 192 industrial stacks, emitting a total quantity of 364.56 gm of SO2/sec. The heights of stacks vary from 10.0 m to 275.0 m. The data corresponding to a total period of 12 months from June 2011 to July 2012, were considered in the study. Emission inventory was documented. The SO2 data measured by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) at their continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations (CAAQMS) were used. Meteorological data were obtained from Indian Meteorological Department. The 16-sector wind direction scheme was employed, namely N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW and NNW, with the resolution of 22.5 degree in a full circle of 360 degree. The various wind speed classes and the relevant stability categories were used as per standard procedures. USEPA's ISCSTS-model was employed to compare the predicted values of ground-level SO2 concentrations with the measured SO2 concentrations. The model evaluation showed that there was a good agreement between the predicted concentrations and measured concentrations statistically, having index agreement (d) of 0.77 and the coefficient of correlation (r2) being 0.90. The spatial distribution pattern of SO2 revealed that it varies every month, depending on the prevailing meteorological and seasonal (monsoon-based) climatic conditions of the month. This study predicts that August and September in the pre-monsoon season and November in the monsoon season were the critical periods receiving higher ground-level concentrations of SO2 ranging between 27 μg/m3 to 30 μg/m^3.}

6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

011197   Prabhakaran R (Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dep, Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529, U S A, Email: rprabhak@odu.edu) : High pressire gas turbine blades of jet engines. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 261-85.

The modern turbo-engine is one of the finest examples of engineering ingenuity, complexity and usefulness. The turbo-engine, whether used in land-based power generating equipment or in aircraft propulsion, has had a profound impact on our lives. Increasing air-travel, rising fuel prices, and environmental concerns have all combined to increase the need for more fuel-efficient engines. The blades of the high-pressure turbine are the most severely loaded members in the turbo-engine. The various aspects of these blades are described. First, the major components of a turbo-engine as well as the different types of turbo-engines are briefly described. Then the development of the turbo-engine is placed in its historical perspective. Next, the severity of the blade loading conditions, such as high temperatures, high centrifugal stresses, corrosion, oxidation, sulphidation, foreign object damage, etc., and the resulting failure modes are summarized. Super alloys are the materials of choice for these blades. The incremental improvements in the alloy chemistry are briefly traced. Important developments in the blade manufacture, the different types of blade cooling channels and their machining, thermal barrier coatings to decrease the blade temperature while increasing the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT), and future trends are discussed. The future belongs inevitably to advanced ceramics and their composites, with coatings for environmental protection.

29 illus, 2 tables, 113 ref

011196   Prabhakar V;Renji K;Behera R (NO, ISRO Satellit Centre (ISAC) Old Airport Road, Kodihalli, Bangalore-560 017, Email: renji@isac.gov.in) : Determination of whole field strain in composite reflector using photogrammetry. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 312-23.

Conventional strain measurement techniques cannot be used to obtain the strains in composite reflectors under thermal environment. Though photogrammetry can be used to measure the deformations it canneff provide information on strains, in this work a methodology is developed to determine the strains from the displacements obtained from photo grammetry coordinate measurement. The strains are determined by applying equilibrium conditions and not from the gradient of the displacements. The results are verified using simulated data as well as experiment. It is demonstrated for a composite reflector of a typical spacecraft when subjected to thermal load. The methodology developed in this work helps in obtaining the strain distribution without using expensive digital image correlation equipment. This methodology can be used on wide variety of applications like inflatable structures, flexible structures etc., where strain gauge measurements are not possible to be carried out.

17 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

011195   Patel M (NO, , ) : Performance improvement of wind turbines using vortex generators (VGs). J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2017, 8(1), 33-6.

In the present scenario, increasing use of fossil fuels for mass energy production leads to increased CO2 emissions and can lead to climatic changes at global level. In order to reduce the emissions, a gradual shift towards renewable sources is going on. In India, 1.6% of total energy is produced by using WTG's. Major source of energy depends on blade surface and shape. It also depends on air flow pattern. A vortex generator is a device used to extract more power or lift from the wind. Keywords: VGs, Betz limit, airfoil, shape, design.

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011194   Kumaraswamy A;Vaidyanathan R V;Kamesh J V; Hemalatha E (NO, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune-411 025, Email: adepu_kswamy@yahoo.com) : Investigation of fin buffet characteristics of a developmental combat aircraft through wind tunnel experiments. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 286-93.

Airfmme buffet is an important dynamic problem associated with combat aircraft flight, especially in the high Angle-of-Attack (AoA) regime. Occurrence of buffet due to flow separation at high angles of attack needs to be structurally cleared and a buffet boundary needs to be established. The methodology adopted to clear the aircraft from buffet during high AoA flight testing of a developmental light combat aircraft is focused in this article. Experimental unsteady pressure data from low speed wind tunnel tests conducted on a scaled down (1:10) model and airframe especially fin vibration data measured from flight tests formed the basis for this methodology. The reference spectrum has been formulated through unsteady pressures measured using pressure transducers mounted on the fin of the wind tunnel model. This spectrum (scaledup to 1:1) i.e. pressure Power Spectral Density (PSD) excitation was used as an input to the fE model of aircraft fin mounted on the rear fuselage. Buffeting response predicted in terms of acceleration PSD on the fin and rudder have been compared with the flight measured acceleration PSD data to validate the numerical model. The validated model is used to predict loads to clear the aircraft for further flight envelope expansion at high AoA.

12 illus, 14 ref

011193   Hossain M R;Ahmed M M (NO, , ) : Liability of photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid devices. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2017, 8(1), 12-17.

Photovoltaic (PV) modules suffer from the exalted temperature in case of outdoor - 308 - performance, The losses are about more than 25% depending on the arrangement of the materials on the top. If thermoelectric (TE) converter is integrated with the PV modules, then we can form PV-TE hybrid module where TE converter can produce additional electricity due to the difference of the temperature. Now a days it is possible to enhance the efficiency by about 23-25% for roof integrated PV-TE devices with the benefit of TE materials performance (Z) of 0.0042 K^-1 at 300 K. The annual energy would be upward by 14.5-15% for two yearly irradiance and temperature profiles which is studied in Dhaka, Khulna respectively. If new materials are manifested, it is possible to enhance the performance by about 50% and annual energy more than 25% may achievable.

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011192   Haque M S;Yasir M (NO, , ) : Small grid connected solar rooftop system implementation is economical in India. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2017, 8(1), 23-5.

This work presents the basic preplanning for installing a grid connected PV system on the rooftop of the Central Library at Integral University, Lucknow, India. The strategy undergoes as per economical facility and support provided by the state and central government. Also the technical feasibility is analysed with the help of solar industrial market. So, we present an effective market survey report and government facilities aiming the design of an economical, beneficial, reliable and efficient grid connected solar PV system as per university requirement of electric load to provide robustness and faster convergence under environmental variations.

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011191   Gopikrishna R;Karthiek K;Varadanam M;Rao B V; Anjaneyulu P S R (Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Kanchanbagh Post, Hyderabad-500 058, Email: tisipog577@gmail.com) : Full scale bend test of a multi stage aerospace vehicle. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 324-8.

Evaluation of structural integrity of a missile involves sectional and full scale tests. Tests are carried out for transportation, articulation and aerodynamic loads. Uniqueness of carrying full scale bend test of a multi stage aerospace vehicle lies in the qualification of not only structural integrity of different sections but also the joints. Empty missile structure forms the testing frame. A binding moment envelope is simulated using a combination of upward and downward loads. Design and realization of open configuration test rig frames in order to simulate the necessary boundary conditions was executed. The output measurements for the test are strains, deflections and joint rotation constants. Linear Variable Displacement Transducers (LVDTs) measures the deflections normal to the missile axis and help in mapping of the deflection pattern along the length of the missile. CODs (Crack Opening Devices), developed in-house, are used to measure the joint openings during the bend test. The measured Joint Rotation Constants (JRCs) are in-turn used as input to refine the Finite Element (FE) model, thereby improvising the accuracy of the predicted results from the FE model.

6 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

011190   Dhivya R;Karthikeyan S (NO, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Narasipuram, Coimbatore-641 109) : Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds using zinc ferrite titania as photocatalyst. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(2), 116-23.

Visual light based photodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) benzene, toluene and xylene was studied. A visual light enabled photocatalyst zinc ferrite titania (TiO_{2 (ZnFe2O5)) was prepared and its performance during visible light photodegradation of some volatile organic compounds was also studied. The photocatalyst was synthesized by sol-gel method and characterised for its particle size, morphology, bandgap energy and absorption wavelength using x-ray diffraction, scanning Electron microscope and UV-vis - 307 - reflectance spectrometry, respectively. It was coated on a glass plate in a thin layer for photodegradation studies and showed better efficiency in photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of benzene, toluene and xylene. The effect of irradiation time on the volatile organic compounds degradation efficiency was studied and it is almost in the stabilized condition for a period of 20 min. The rate of photocatalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene and xylene follows a first order kinetics. Experimental results revels that the maximum degradation efficiency of benzene, toluene and xylene in batch mode was 93.53%, 93.6%, and 93.69% respectively in batch mode. Similarly, degradation efficiency of benzene, toluene and xylene in continuous mode was 14.37%, 14.5% and 14.87%, respectively.}

11 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

011189   Dhepe N;Krishna R (NO, , ) : Review of the advancement in geothermal heating and cooling system. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2017, 8(1), 1-5.

The increasing demand for energy and the depleting fossil fuels have fuelled explorations in new frontiers of renewable energy technology. Geothermal heating and cooling is a new advancement in HVAC industry of India. It uses earth's heat for space heating and cooling with the use of heat pump systems, saving up to 51% electricity consumption in HVAC, and reduced CO2 emissions. The main prospects of geothermal energy are longer equipment life and lower operating costs. This paper reviews the recent advancements in geothermal heating and cooling system.

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011188   Chaturvedi D K;Singh M C (Electrical Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed Univ), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005, Email: dkc.foe@gmail.com ) : Fire detection system and spurious (False) fire warning of the aircraft-an overview. J Aerospace Sci Technol 0069, (NULL), 336-43.

New fire detection technologies are under evaluation for better aircraft safety and risk managements. The goal is to reduce the false alarm rate and to improve safety and reliability features of an aircraft. In this paper, an overview of different types of fire detection system of aircraft is given. Technology currently used for fire detection and protection are discussed. Also analysis and the probable causes of false fire warning of the aircraft are listed along with its future scope of fire protection system for aircraft are discussed.

8 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

011187   Ayodeji A A;Kofi H F;Conrad O A;Vincent E E; Augustine A O;Olaosebikan O A (Chemical Engineering Dep, Covenant Univ, Ota, Nigeria) : Impacts analysis of emissions from biodiesel and washing water. Indian J envir Prot 2016, 36(2), 156-68.

Producing quality biodiesel with favourable environmental implications is of great importance in order to achieve sustainable energy management. This research is focused on the impact analysis of emissions from biodiesel produced through alkaline catalysed transesterification of waste groundnut oil (WGO), waste soyabean oil (WSO) and crudepalm kernel oil (CPKO), using SIMAPRO) 7,33. In this' research, the comparative analysis of the emissions from 1 kg biodiesel produced was carried out. Waste groundnut oil biodiesel emissions had the most pronounced impact on - 306 - human health : Waste groundnut oil biodiesel had 2.94 x 10^{10 kg emissions, waste soyabean oil biodiesel released 2.40x10-10kg non-environmentally friendly substances, while crudepalm kernel oil biodiesel had 1.85 x 10-10 kg emissions. On damage to ecosystem quality, emissions from waste groundnut oil biodiesel biodiesel was 1.25 x 10-3 kg, 9.95 x 10-4 kg emissions from waste soyabean oil biodiesel and 4.39 x 10-4 kg emissions from crudepalm kernel oil biodiesel. The result of damage to climate change showed that waste soyabean oil biodiesel contributed the most with 1.54 x 10<^-6 kg CO_{2, followed by waste groundnut oil biodiesel with 1.32 x 10-6 kg CO2 and crudepalm kernel oil biodiesel with 1.18 x 10-6 kg CO2. Single score result showed that the increasing order of damage on the 3 categories considered is human health, climate change and then ecosystem quality.}}

3 illus, 7 tables, 36 ref

011186   Anpilogov A;Bulchev I;Tolstaya A;Tolstaya P (NO, National Research Nuclear Univ MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Insti, Kashirskoe Highway 31, 115409, Moscow, Russian Federation, Email: tolstaya.a@inbox.ru) : Data transfer implementation in the wireless capsule endoscopy. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(3), 1399-0407.

The wireless capsule endoscopy is a modern mean for an invasive examination of the digestive tract. This paper deals with the features of the information transfer implementation between the wireless capsule and the receiver, which are the part of the "Landish" capsule endoscopic complex. The benefits and the shortcomings of usinguni- and bidirectional communication in the capsule are discussed, a reasonable choice in favor of the unidirectional communication is made. The various options of the integrity control and the recovery are analyzed and experimentally verified. For reasoning the choice between the noiseless coding and the use of the checksum we carried out an experiment on influence of their implementation on the energy consumption of the endoscopic capsule. It was found that the noiseless coding considerably reduced the time of an autonomous work of the capsule that is why the checksum was selected.

7 illus, 7 tables, 22 ref

011185   Anas M;Haider I;Chandel T A;Yadav G K (NO, , ) : Vertical axid wind turbine modeling and its analysis using ANSYS. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2017, 8(1), 26-32.

Research on small wind turbine (SWT) is on the upswing in the last five years, as there is a need of energy producing machines to compensate with the fossil fuel based energy. The green technology wishes to create environment friendly energy producing devices based on wind or solar technology. In this paper, an attempt is made to make use of already existing waste wind energy produced by high speed moving vehicles on straight and curved roads and bridges respectively. The improved small wind turbine technology is easily put to both "grid-tied" and "stand-alone" systems. The market for SWT technology is encouraging in India because of high rates of electrical units. Kitchen machines also depend on electricity for operation. The model's central axis rests on pivot, and is so designed that it can accommodate divider space of the street. The model easily rotates with to and fro movement of vehicle, which provides necessary tangential force, from either sides of the road, to the rotor wheel of the model.

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010209   Tajmiri M;Ehsani M R (Chemical Engineering Dep, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83m, Islamic RepublicofIran, Email: maral.tajmiri@gmail.com) : Water saving by using nanoparticles in heavy oil reservoir through thermal EOR method: special pertaining to ZnO & CuO. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 7-12.

Freshwater plays an integral part in many operating processes from production, manufacturing to steam and power supply. There are often conflicting demands on water resources in areas where oil companies operate the available supplies of water may be over-stretched. In oil fields, the ratio-of-vvater-to-oil (WCUT%) is mostly 95% or higher. When water availability is in scarce, the oil industry uses its practical expertise to help unearth and tap new sources of water. Nanotechnology is an essentially modern scientific field which is constantly evolving with commercial and academic interest. In this work, we seek to compare the unique potential of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on reducing the residual oil saturation (SOR) and WCUT% consumption which has been one of the major issues in the oil industry. In the first step, laboratory tests were fulfilled in three phases, one phase without nanoparticles and two phases with two types of nanoparticles conditions, through scaled SAGD cell. Results show that the ultimate oil recoveries increase from 52.43% to 87.93 while without nanoparticles condition and 80.027% of OOIP whereas water consumption was alleviated to 20.3 and 12.5% by adding ZnO and CuO nanoparticles respectively. In the second step by using CMC software the proposed experimental model was simulated. From the results, we have been able to corroborate this fact that both nanoparticles cause to decrease water consuming whereas heavy oil recovery definitely raised.

5 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

010208   Sharma R;Sharma V;Koushal V (Hospital Administration Dep, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Sector 32, Chandigarh-160 030, Email: drramansharmamha@gmail.com) : Transition to LED technology: a study of energy savings and carbon footprint reductions. J envir Sci Engng 2014, 56(4), 483-6.

Efficient energy use (also called Energy Efficiency), is the ultimate goal of efforts to reduce the amount of energy required to provide services. Electric lighting is a major energy consumer and it has been estimated that electricity for lighting consumes almost 20% of the any organizations power requirement. So, by installing new lighting technologies, organizations can reduce the amount of electricity consumed and energy costs associated with lighting. It is a descriptive study conducted in one of the multispecialty Hospital of North India, planned with the objective to calculate the energy savings and comparison in costing if existing tube lights were to be replaced by CFL(15W) or LED (2W). The Return on Investment (ROI) and reduction of Carbon Footprints with different energy sources were also compared. The fluorescent tubes/Tube lights installed in different blocks were surveyed with respect to features viz. number, wattage and energy consumption. In total there were 13090 (10900 40W and 2190 20W) conventional tube lights installed in different blocks of the Hospital. Presently, total power consumption with tube lights (including chokes) is 9,842 KWh per day. If the same are replaced by CFL or LED, the power consumption saving will be 3,454 and 7,854 KWh, while the financial gains will be INK 16,340 and INK 37,149/- per day respectively. The ROI with CFL and LED is six and twelve months, while reduction in Carbon Footprint will be 959 and 264 tons per annum respectively in comparison to tube lights having highest Carbon Footprints of 1765 tons per annum. Thus, LED emerges as the most efficient light source among other compared light sources as it consumes less energy, more life and least environmental impact.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

010207   Salakhov I I;Mavleev I R;Voloshko V V; Galimyanov I D;Khalimovich R T (Naberezhnochelninsky Institute (branch), Kazan Federal Univ, Russian Federation, 423812, Naberezhnye Chelny, pr.Syuyumbike, 10A, Email: iis_kfu@mail.ru) : Analysis workflows gear hydraulic machines. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 779-84.

The analysis workflow in a gear hydraulic machines of different designs. Coefficients of redistribution of moments from unbalanced hydrostatic forces. The dependences of the changes in the coefficients of redistribution of moments from the main parameters of the teeth.

7 illus, 8 ref

010206   Salakhov I I;Mavleev I R;Shamsutdinov I R; Nuretdinov D I;Salakhov N I (Naberezhnochelninsky Institute (branch), Kazan Federal Univ, RUssian Federation, 423 812, Naberezhnye Chelny. pr.Syuyumbike, 10A) : Development of a gear box of the truck. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 859-64.

The kinematic scheme hydromechanical differential high-torque CVT. Developed the design of the continuously variable transmission of the truck with a high-torque differential hydromechanical CVT.

3 illus, 8 ref

010205   Salakhov I I;Mavleev I R;Ildarkhanov R F; Tsybunov E N (Naberezhnochelninsky Institute (Branch), Kazan Federal Univ, Russian federation, 423812, Naberezhnye Chelny, pr.Syuyumbike, 10A, Email: iis_kfu@mail.ru) : Design of continuously variable transmissions. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 827-31.

The proposed developed technique of designing a continuously variable transmission on the basis of the differential hydromechanical CVTs, taking into account the peculiarities of the working process of the hydraulic machines and gear differential mechanisms of different types. Developed the design of the continuously variable transmission of a motor vehicle and the calculation of traction-speed characteristics of a vehicle equipped with a continuously variable transmission.

2 illus, 8 ref

010204   Salakhov I I;Mavleev I R;Ildarkhanov R F; Tsybunov E N (Naberezhnochelninsky (branch), Kazan Federal Univ, Russian Federation, 423812, Naberezhnye Chelny, pr.Syuyumbike, 10A, Email: iis_kfu@mail.ru) : Determination of th efficiency of the hydro-mechanical differential variator. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 815-19.

The author has carried out the analysis of dynamic-coupled automatic transmissions and regarded the prospects of their application and development. New design of continuously variable transmission based on differential hydra-mechanical gear train was developed and covered by RF patents No2298125 and No2347966. Principles of work performance for high-torque differential hydra-mechanical gear train based on interoperation equableness of moments opposing one another that are produced at the gear carrier owing to inner forces of differential stages as well as self-actuated pressure variation and hydraulic fluid consumption change when it comes through hydraulic pump and hydraulic actuator.

3 illus, 7 ref

010203   Saberi R;Sepanloo K;Mozaffari A;Nasiri H (NO, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O.Box 113658486, Tehran, Iran, Email: rsaberi@aeoi.org.ir) : Soil-sructure interaction of a nuclear reactor. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 27-32.

Soil - structure interaction is one of the most important issues in seismic designs. It is assumed that the soil under the foundation is solid and separation doesn't occur between foundation and earth. While the soil has limited hardness and foundation is on the earth on the basis of gravity. If the collapsed anchor exceeds the resistant anchor resulted from gravity loads, the foundation would lift. The issues such as earth softness and the foundation lifting are some of the causes which affect significantly the analysis and designing the different structures. The current study investigates the soil - structure interaction effects on the nuclear structures dual frame nonlinear responses. Here, we examine the soil - structure interaction and clamped state with different records, considering the structure history analysis. The results show that soil^{-- structure interaction influences the structure analysis and reduces the structure costs, considerably.}

7 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

010202   Saberi R;Alinejad M;Ghorbani F;Sepanloo K (NO, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O.Box 113658586, Tehran, Iran, Email: saberinuc@gmail.com) : Response of outer containment of nuclear reactor in aircraft crash. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 45-50.

The impact of aircraft crash on concrete outer containment of nuclear reactor has been aimed to know. After 9/11 terrorist attacks and aircraft crashes with Twin Towers in the United States, the issue of nuclear safety and sustainability against plane crashes get more concerned. Destruction or damages of a nuclear power plant can lead to large-scale release of radioactive material and consequently it can bring about human and environmental disasters. In this article, the behaviour and response of concrete outer containment of nuclear reactor during a crash or moment loading is analysed through modelling Boeing-yoy and Boeing-747 aircraft and also Phantom-F4 military aircraft. Dynamic load the aircraft is stimulated by using Riera's time-force curve. During the crash impact load and explosion occur simultaneously, and then it is applied to critical location where dome caps are connected to cylindrical walls of reinforced concrete nuclear reactor. Assessment of this clash is done by stimulation of concrete outer containment of nuclear reactor ABAQ US software. The behaviour of two containment areas of the nuclear reactor, i.e. the cylindrical body and the junction of the cylindrical dome cap, are evaluated in this paper. The results show a similar behaviour of reinforced concrete reactor chamber when the aircraft crashes with the dome cap and cylindrical wall than otherparts of the reactor chamber.

10 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

010201   Ramezanianpour A A;Tabatabaei S A;Pourlak M; Abareshi M (Civil Engineering Dep, Amirkabir Univ of Technology, Trhran, Iran, Email: mahyar_pourlak@yahoo.com) : AHP-VIKOR bridge structural system selection in urban areas Tehran: interchanges case study. Ambient Sci 2016, 3(2), 48-54.

The selection of "Structural system" is one of the most important factors in any bridge and infrastructure design. Designers perform the structural calculations for the project determines the priorities as well as design and performance criteria. Further analysis of the structural selection problem and the identification of the bridge desirable capabilities, triggered the consideration of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a possible basis for the decision making. The methodology uses the VIKOR to evaluate the alternatives according to the decision criteria and determine the solution. The methodology was developed by a group of bridge designers involved in design and management of urban infrastructure projects and demonstrated using a Steel Girder bridge in an urban area as an optimum alternative.

10 illus, 7 tables, 43 ref

010200   Pillewan P;Mukherjee S;Bansiwal A;Rayalu S (Environmental Materials Div (EMD), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020, Email: ak_bansiwal@neeri.res.in) : Nanostructures Mn-Fe binary mixed oxide: synthesis, characterization and evaluation for arsenic removal. J envir Sci Engng 2014, 56(3), 263-8.

Adsorption of arsenic on bimetallic Mn and Fe mixed oxide was carried out using both field as well as simulated water. The material was synthesized using hydrothermal method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were computed using batch adsorption studies to determine the adsorption capacity of Mn-Fe binary mixed oxide for arsenic. Adsorption capacity for MFBMO obtained from Freundlich model was found to be 2.048 mg/g for simulated water and 1.084 mg/g for field water. Mn-Fe binary mixed oxide was found to be effective adsorbent for removal of arsenic from water.

5 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

010199   Navid M;Samad J (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Jolfa International Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Jolfa, Iran, Email: navid.motamadi@gmail.com) : Impact analysis of valve clearnces adjustment in output of pollutant gaseous products: a case study in few automative spark-ignition engine. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 33-7.

Areas having the highest number of automotive and factories, the air pollution levels in such places are usually high. Vehicles are the major sources of air pollution, it increases the amount of gas, soot and dust in the air which damage the human health. Automotive carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from vehicle exhaust from the combustion of coal mixes in the air. Further, the primary pollutants undergo chemical reactions which ultimately create more contaminants. For the prevention of air pollution in nowadays in many countries several companies are manufacturing electric and hybrid vehicles the smart way to prevent smoke from vehicle emissions. In the present piece of work we have tried to understand that how to deal with the filler valve screw Experimental Methods i.e., the filler valve to adjust the amount of pollutants, the impact of gasoline engine exhaust products, and Pride has been studied and tested for this purpose in a different setting emission gasoline engine filler peated and data extraction were compared and examined.

10 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

010198   Nagababu G;Kachhwaha S S;Savsani V;Banerjee R (NO, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum Univ, Gandinagar-382 007, Email: garlapatinagu@gmail.com) : Evaluation of offshore wind power potential in the western coast of India: a preliminary study. Curr Sci 2017, 112(1), 62-7.

The possibility of locating wind turbines on the seabed can open up a new frontier for wind power as a significant domestic renewable energy source along the western coast of India. Space for much larger projects is available in shallow coastal waters compared to land. To assess wind power potential in the western coast of India, first the bathymetric data are divided into three regions, i.e. 0-10, 10-20 and 20-35 m respectively, suitable for fixed-bottom foundation technology. Next, the wind, data of several meteorological stations are collected from WindSat satellite. For a given bathymetry, using the characteristics of wind turbine, calculations are made for estimating average wind speed, wind power density and average output of wind turbine. Results of the preliminary study show that there exists a total available area of 67,622 sq. km (up to a depth of 35 m), suitable for installation of offshore wind turbines. Further, results reveal that within the total effective area, the average annual power generation of 477 and 437 TWh respectively, could be achieved using GE 3.6s and Repower 5M commercial offshore turbines.

4 illus, 7 table, 22 ref

010197   Kuchaksaraee J S;Soleymani S;Mozafari B (Electrical Engineering Dep, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran) : Proposed suitable methods to detect transient regime switching to improve power quality with wavelet transform. Ambient Sci 2016, 3(2), 37-41.

The increasing consumption of electrical energy and the use of non-linear loads that create transient regime states in distribution networks is increasing day by day. This is the only reason due to which the analysis of power quality for energy sustainability in power networks has become more important. Transients are often created by energy injection through switching or lightning and make changes in voltage and nominal current. Sudden increase or decrease in voltage or current makes characteristics of the transient regime. This paper shed some lights on the capacitor bank switching, which is one of the main causes for oscillatory transient regime states in the distribution network, using wavelet transform. The identification of the switching current of capacitor bank and the internal fault current of the transformer to prevent the unnecessary outage of the differential relay, it propose a new smart method. The accurate performance of this method is shown by simulation in EMTP and MATLAB (matrix laboratory) software.

6 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

010196   Kadapure S A;Kulkarni G S;Prakash K B (Chemical Engineering Dep, KLE Dr MSS Shesgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, Email: santoshkadapure@rediffmail.com ) : Development of sustainable bacterial flyash concrete using the technique of microbiological induced calcite precipitation. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 437-42.

Flyash is a solid waste left behind by combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants. Fly ash acts as a partial replacement material for both Portland cement and fine aggregate. An experimental investigation is done on technique of microbial calcite precipitation in fly ash-amended concrete. This paper presents the results of the investigation done on the effect of various dosages of Bacillus pasteurii on properties of normal and flyash concrete such as compressive strength, water absorption, sorbtivity and chloride permeability of concrete. Cement was partially replaced by 10%, 20% and 30% with fly ash by weight. Experiment was conducted for varying cell concentrations of 0,103, 105 and 107 cells/mL. At the fly ash concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% in concrete, bacterial cell enhanced compressive strength by 25.08%, 19.8, 20.18% and 18.6 % respectively for 7 days, in comparison with control specimens. Microbial deposition of a layer of calcite on the surface of the concrete specimens resulted in substantial decrease of water uptake and chloride permeability compared to control specimens without bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses illustrated both the stages of crystal growth and the crystalline structure of highly impermeable calcite layer (CaCo3) crystals on the surface of the cement mortar cube specimens. Thus a sustainable concrete can be produced by technique of biomineralization which gives us dual environment friendly advantages. First, use of flyash-a solid waste reduces depletion of natural resources and also reduces the energy-intensive manufacturing of other concrete ingredients, leading to savings in both energy usage and emissions of greenhouse gases. Secondly, MICP biochemical process enhance strength and durability of fly ash-amended concrete further provides greener and economic options.

4 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

010195   Ishwar S G;Dheeraj Kumar (NO, Uranium Corporation of Limited, Jaduguda Mines-832 102, Email: sgishwar.ucil@ymail.com) : Application of DInSAR in mine surface subsidence monitoring and prediction. Curr Sci 2017, 112(1), 46-51.

Most studies of surface: subsidence and its impacts have been done on underground coal mines. There are few studies on the occurrences of surface subsidence in underground metal mines, particularly in India, even though the fundamental subsidence engineering principles are the same for both coal and metal mines. The current ground-based measurement techniques monitor ground subsidence on a particular point and are time-consuming as well as costly. To study hard-rock mine surface deformation due to underground mining, new and effective technologies must be adopted. The spaceborne subsidence monitoring has emerged as a better technique after the development of satellite radar interferometry. The technology is fast improving with enhanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors on different spaceborne plat-fofms. Differential interferometric SAR techniques are widely used to measure the topographic profile and surface deformations. This article reviews the applications of spaceborne SAR interferometric techniques in the prediction and monitoring of surface subsidence due to underground mining.

70 ref

010194   Hassani A;Mashhadi B S;Shafipour A;Bazrafkan M (School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: daneshjoo116@gmail.com) : Effect of moisture on the strength of concrete sample by using ultrasonic device. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 51-6.

Testing through the ultrasonic waves is one of the most important non-destructive methods for evaluating the compressive strength of the concrete. The result of this test is based on the velocity of ultrasonic waves through the concrete. This study examines the effect of moisture on the velocity of ultrasonic waves and compressive strength of concrete. The ultrasound equipment used in this study shows that non-destructive ultrasonic waves generated by portable devices Pundit with a range of 500 V and waves 54 KHz. The required time for signal transmission among the transducers was calculated as a parameter for evaluating the signal speed. The results of the analysis show that moisture has the significant effect on the velocity of ultrasonic waves and compressive strength of concrete. By placing the concrete samples in water and raising the content of moisture, the speed of ultrasonic waves is enhanced but the compressive strength of samples is reduced. With high moisture content, the velocity of ultrasonic waves and compressive strength are found to be inversely related.

5 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

010193   Goyal R V;Patel H M (iThe M.S. University of Baroda, , Vadodara, Gujarat, Email: rvgoyal123@yahoo.co.in) : Use of optimization technique for optimal scheduling of booster chlorination in drinking water distribution systems. J envir Sci Engng 2015, 57(1), 64-73.

Chlorine concentration is an important parameter used to assess the quality of water supplied by a distribution network. Incontrast to conventional methods that apply disinfectant only at the treatment works or source, booster disinfection reapplied disinfectant at strategic locations within the distribution system to compensate for the losses that occur as it decays over time. Booster disinfection strategy can reduce the mass of disinfectant required to maintain a detectable residual at points of consumption in the distribution system, which may lead to reduced formation of disinfectant by products such as Trihalomethanes also. Formulates an optimization model using Linear Programming in Excel by coupling the results of residual chlorine obtained using EPANET software for selection of location of Booster chlorination stations as well as to optimize the Chlorine mass rate injections for the steady state flow conditions. Results from application of the formulated model suggest that schedule minimizes the total dose required to satisfy residual constraints of 0.2 mg/L (IS 10500-1991) at all the locations within distribution network as compared to conventional chlorination in which chlorine is applied at source only. The use of optimization method to select the scheduling of Booster stations can be used as the decision making tool for the water supply authority for the selection of location and number of booster station along with the application of chlorine mass rate to maintain the residual chlorine as 0.2 mg/L at all the locations in Drinking Water Distribution system.

2 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

010192   Gajendran K A;Anuradha R;Venkatasubramani G S (NO, Karpagam Univ, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Email: anuradhastalin@gmail.com) : Strength study on eco friendly high performance concrete by replacing the cement by flyash, silica fume and metakaolin. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 495-7.

Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. The addition of mineral admixture in cement has dramatically increased along with the development of concrete industry, due to the consideration of cost saving, energy saving, environmental protection and conservation of resources. High Performance Concrete (HPC) is the latest development in concrete. It has become more popular these days and is being used in many prestigious projects. The utilization of calcined clay, in the form of high reactivity metakaolin and silica in concrete has received considerable attention in recent years. The present paper deals with the study of compressive strength of M60 grade HPC mixes incorporating different percentages of high reactivity metakaolin and silica fume by weight of cement along with some suitable super plasticizer. The results of the study indicate that the strength study of HPC mixes improved by incorporating metakoalin and silica fume up to a desirable content of 15% and 5% respectively by weight of cement.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

010191   Fahima M (Architect Engineering Dep, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Iran, Email: mohammad.fahimaz@gmail.com ) : Climatic conditions dependent residential building materials and facade design: a case study of Tehran, Iran. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(1), 16-20.

The climatic conditions of a region are one of the issues that must be kept in mind while designing any facade related to civil construction. Front view of the building is such a part of the design for any building which is indeed the very first part of the building which remain in direct contact with the outside world. The exterior design of the building is the most important part of the climatic design. The Tehran initiates with the foothills area so by using design in harmony with the region's climate more savings can be achieved. In this regard, first, you must correctly identify the area followed by suitable proposals in order to design inconsistent with the climate of the area. Present paper is based on the descriptive type and analysis of library stuffs.

1 table, 12 ref

010190   Buyantuev S L;Kondratenko A S;Khmelev A B; Bazarsadaev E T;Blagochinov S A (NO, East-Siberian State Univ of Technologies and Management, 670013, Ulan-Ude, Russoa, 40V Klyuchevskaya Street) : Study of the mineral and chemical features of the trans-baikal basalt deposit to generate melt using the electric Arc method. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 1063-8.

The article presents the results of the mineral and chemical study of basaltic rocks of the Selendumsky deposit with its further melting in electric arc plasma to generate melt, obtain stone cast and fibrous materials based on it. To conduct tests on melt generation the processing samples of the Selendumsky basalt deposit of Transbaikalia were used, sieve analysis of the samples showed that the main part of its mass is represented by particles ranging in size from 7.0 to 1.0 mm (90.35%). The study of basalt in thin sections revealed that there are lenticular textures leading to the appearance of small zones of tectonic crushing and cataclase. The studies of the mineral and chemical composition revealed that in obtaining of the melt and generating of the mineral fiber composition from it the Selendumsky basalt for its composition is included in the following limits: SiO2 47,5-55,0; l4,0-20,0 Al2O3; 3,0-8,5 MgO; 7, -11.0 CaO; other rocks (no more than 5%). For the research on the generation of basalt melts an electromagnetic process reactor with working regimes of melting was applied. When studying the melting mechanism of the raw material using the electric arc melting apparatus a simulation environment was used in terms of the TEPPA computer program.

4 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

010189   Butler E;Mulamba O;Hung Y T;Chen C C;Fu Y P (School of Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, West Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX 79016, USA, Email: erick.ben.butler@gmail.com) : Impact of wastewater strength and photocatalyst loading on decolourization of acid orange 7 by co-doped TiO₂. Asian J Chem 2017, 29(1), 139-44.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has proved to be a successful method for the degradation of water pollutants. In this work, the photocatalytic decolourization of acid orange 7 was performed by cobalt-doped titanium dioxide (Co-doped TiO₂). The Co-doped TiO₂ was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy diffraction spectroscopy, UV-visible reflective dispersion spectroscopy and adsorption of nitrogen gas. The acid orange 7 was prepared as a synthetic textile wastewater at three initial concentrations (24, 34 and 44 mg/L) with three photocatalyst loadings (0.025 g, 0.050, 0.1 g/100 mL acid orange 7). Results show a plateauing behaviour with the effect of photocatalyst concentration on removal of acid orange 7. As the concentration increased of acid orange 7, an ideal photocatalytic loading was found that outperformed higher concentrations in regards to removal of acid orange 7. As such it was concluded that high photocatalyst concentrations are not synonymous with efficient water treatment.

7 illus, 3 tables, 50 ref

010188   Al-Hamed S A;Wahby M F (Agricultural Engineering Dep, College of Food and Agricultue Sciences, King Saud Univ, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia) : Prediction of potato yield based on energy inputs using artificial neural networks and C-sharp under Saudi Arabia conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 631-44.

The objective of this study was to explore the relation between energy inputs and potato yield using artificial neural network (ANN) under Saudi Arabia conditions. Additionally, the extracted weights from ANN model were formulated using C-sharp language to develop interactive application for friendly and easy use. For this purpose, the energy use pattern was determined by collection data from two sources, the first source was actual field experiments in three sites belong to Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia and the second source from growers by using a face to face questionnaire method. The results indicated that total energy consumption and yield of potato production were different based on production pattern. In this study, for field experiment data, average the energy indices covering energy efficiency, specific energy and energy productivity were calculated at 2.25, 1.60 MJ/kg and 0.63 kg/MJ, respectively. For predicting of potato yield based on energy inputs, artificial neural network (ANN) with standard back propagation algorithm was employed. The results illustrated the ANN model with 6-15-22-1 architecture that had the best condition to the prediction of potato yield. With respect to ANN model, R2, mean absolute error and mean relative error were computed as 0.704, 2.36 ton/ha and 5.59%, respectively in testing stage. Moreover, contribution analysis was applied after training process of the ANN model. The results disclosed the water irrigation energy which had the highest contribution (24.75%) to potato yield among all inputs (machinery energy, diesel fuel energy, labor energy, chemicals energy and seeds energy). The developed C-sharp interactive application was tested and it can estimate potato yield. Soil and agronomy researchers, framers and agricultural engineers can use the developed C-sharp interactive application to explore the input variables that have more potential to increase potato yield on a farm. It is user-friendly and could be run on Windows desktop without C-sharp environment.

13 illus, 9 tables, 37 ref

009134   Yildirim M;Alli A;Demir A;Alli S;Gokcen M (Mechatronics Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Duzce Univ, Konuralp, 81620, Turkey, Email: mertyildirim@duzce.edu.tr) : Current conduction in schottky barrier diodes with poly(propylene glycol)-b- polystyrene block copolymer interfacial layer. Indian J pure appl Phys 2017, 55(2), 129-34.

Polymeric materials have gained great importance in electron devices. There has been considerable number of studies on block copolymers due to enhanced features that appear after co-polymerization. In this study, poly (propylene glycol)-b-polystyrene block copolymer has been synthesized and Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have been fabricated with this block copolymer. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements have been conducted at room temperature in order to investigate electrical characteristics and current conductions governing in these SBDs. Series resistance and shunt resistance of the SBDs have been calculated using Ohm's law. Ideality factor, reverse saturation current and zero-bias barrier height of the SBDs have been extracted from the forward-bias I-V data. Fabricated SBDs exhibited high rectifying ratio of the order 10^{4. Also, current conduction mechanisms and the density of interface states in the SBDs have been investigated. Calculated values of density of interface states in the SBDs are on the order of 1013 which is acceptable for this kind of SBDs having polymeric interfacial layer.}

6 illus, 47 ref

009133   Tong S;Zhao J;Wen X (NO, College of Sciences of Southwest Petroleum Univ, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China, Email: tongshihong@126.com) : Preparation and properties of Pr<. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(6), 1515-19.

Pr^{3+/Ce3+:YAG precursors were co-precipitated using triethanolamine as dispersant and pH regulator. The different dosages of triethanolamine (D) vs. the properties of Pr3+/Ce3+:YAG phosphors were discussed. When D=0.5 vol, the pH of titration process was controlled in the range of <126>7.94-8.16 to guarantee the uniform distribution of Al, Y, Ce and Pr in the precursors. The relatively higher pH could decrease the loss of Ce and Pr in the precursors and increase the particle size of the obtained powders, which was beneficial to the enhancement of luminescent intensity. Therefore, the precursors directly converted to pure-phase YAG at 900°C, and the phosphors calcined at 1000°C showed the best dispersity due to the dispersion effect of triethanolamine and the most excellent luminescent property. When D ≥ 2 vol, although pure-phase YAG was detected, the emission intensity of the phosphors decreased due to the decrease of dispersity and purity. Moreover, the co-doped Pr3+ enhanced the red emission of Pr3+/Ce3+:YAG phosphors.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

009132   Tang P Y;Huang G H;Xie Q L;Li J Y (Key Laboratoy of New Electric Functional Materials of Guangxi Colleges, Guangxi Teachers Education Univ, Nanning 530023, China, Email: tangpy801@163.com) : Ideal shear strength and deformation behaviours of L1₀ TiAl from first-principles calculations. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(6), 1411-18.

The stress-strain relationships for four different shear processes of L1₀ TiAl have been investigated from first-principles calculations, and the peak shear stresses in these slip systems were obtained. By analysing the structural unit cell, bond length and charge density, the deformation modes under shear were elaborately discussed. Both of the peak shear stresses and the charge density indicate that the ideal shear strength of L1₀ TiAl occurs in the [112]{111} direction. It is shown that some bonds are enormously stretched accompanying with depletion of charge density as the strain increase. The density of states was studied in detail. It is indicated that strong hybridizationexists between Ti 3dd and Al 2p, and the structural stability would be lowered with increase of the strain.

6 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

009131   Sobral G A;Gomes M A;Macedo Z S;Alencar M A R C;Novals S M V (Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Materials, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceio, AL 67072-90, Brazil, Email: geraldo@optma.org) : Synthesis and characterization of multicolour fluorescent nanoparticles for latent fingerprint detection. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(6), 1565-8.

In this study, we successfully developed Y₂O₃ nanoparticles doped with Tb^{3+ and Eu3+ ions to generate fluorescent images of latent fingerprints. The optical and structural characterization of the nanoparticles was carried out and the fluorescence mechanisms are discussed. In our studies, the developed nanoparticles were effective in producing fluorescent images of latent fingerprints in shades of green, red and yellow with high-contrast colour under ultraviolet lighting.}

4 illus, 15 ref

009130   Sivakumar T;Sivakumar K;Sivaraman B (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar) : Performance analysis of vertical axis wind turbines for a low wind zone sites - an analytical case study on two different types of eco friendly flux machines. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(1), 275-80.

The rapid urbanisation and power demand has initiated the need for utilisation of renewable energy technologies in day to day applications. With the wind resource assessment in India has revealed the potential of small and micro scale wind power and harnessing is going to contribute the countries vision of achieving 60 - 89 GW [GWEO-2012] wind power by 2020. Several urban and remote areas in the south and western parts of the country have pertinent locations with low power density of 150W/m2, the VAWT are seen as the viable source of tapping this particular range of energy density, for powering and storage especially in remote areas and aid in mitigation of carbon foot prints linked to the direct carbon emissions and also due to power generation by fossil fuels. The proposed and one of the widely adapted savonius type VAWT's are inherent in harnessing this low and medium energy dense wind along with simpler construction compared to other wind turbines. The VAWT is compared analytically with the both the Radial and axial-flux for efficient operation and savonius wind turbine designed with low torque application using analytical and CFD. It is aimed for heating and drying applications thus reducing carbon emissions. The operation of the wind turbine for very lying and areas were the space constraints have also been considered for enabling easy installation and operation. This implication of using two types of flux machines enabled us to choose the efficient one at different zones of applications like roof top, types of wind zones I,II,III etc., this aids in greatly reducing the time to design different configuration at different locations and applications like poultry, core agricultural areas and other remote or standalone systems. The output of the type II machines are more applicable for high energy for less duration like instant heating and cutting applications.

12 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

009129   Singh S;Singh A;Navneet Kaur (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, GNDU, Regional Campus, Gurdaspur-143 521, Email: satbir1_78@yahoo.co.in) : Imine-linker receptors decorated ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(6), 1371-9.

This study reports the synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of imine-linked receptors decorated ZnO nanoparticles using wet precipitation method. Initially, polymer dye 3 was synthesized usingcondensation reaction between 2-furancarboxaldehyde 1 and polyethylenimine 2. The decoration of imine-linked receptors on ZnO nanoparticles (sample A) was characterized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronmicroscope and dynamic light scattering spectroscopic studies. Further, polymer dye 3 was added to ruthenium chloride (RuCl₃) to form a polymer-ruthenium-based composite dye-capped ZnO nanoparticles (sample B).The optical properties of sample A were evaluated by fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The samples A and B were further processed to dye-sensitized solar cells using wet precipitation method. The results of observationsrevealed that the addition of ruthenium-polymer dye molecules increased the light harvesting capacity of ZnO-based DSSCs. A maximum solar power to electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 3.83% was recorded for sample B-based DSSCs with ruthenium-metal complex dye as a good photosensitizer. The recorded photovoltaic efficiency of sample B-based DSSCs was enhanced by 1.36% compared to sample A-based DSSCs.

8 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref