044444   SARI M, AYDINER A (Medical Oncology Dep, Istanbul Univ, Istanbul- 340 93, Turkey, Email: drmuratsari@ gmail.com) : Rare mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor in epidermal growth factor receptor‑tyrosine kinase inhibitor‑naive non‑small cell lung carcinoma and the response to erlotinib therapy. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 132-8.

Epidermal growth factor receptor‑tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‑TKIs) are considered to be effective treatments for advanced NSCLC patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations. There are many complex and rare mutations in the EGFR gene. The efficacy of the first‑generation EGFR‑TKI (erlotinib) is unknown for tumors harboring rare EGFR mutations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of rare EGFR mutations in EGFR‑TKI‑naive patients and the efficacy of erlotinib. Settings and Design: Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul/Turkey, and retrospective observational study. We retrospectively analyzed 117 non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations who had not previously used EGFR‑TKIs. Exons 18–21 of EGFR were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to direct sequencing methods. Survival estimates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method using SPSS 25 software (IBM SPSS, Chicago, USA). Of 117 patients who had EGFR mutations, 23 patients had rare and complex EGFR mutations. Only 9 of them were treated with erlotinib. Three patients (3.5 %) with exon 20 mutations received erlotinib. Two with EGFR‑p. Q787Q (SNP ID, rs10251977; c.2361G>A) synonymous mutation in exon 20 were responsive to erlotinib therapy in the second‑line setting after first‑line chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, the present two cases are the first to be reported with lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR‑p. Q787Q synonymous mutation responding to erlotinib. NSCLC patients harboring rare EGFR mutations generally did not show consistent or favorable responses to EGFR‑TKI. We suggest that this rare synonymous mutation (EGFR‑p. Q787Q) is a sensitive EGFR mutation in NSCLC. 

2 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

042326   NASHU F, ARORA S (Occupational Therapy Dep, GGSIP Univ, 120/B Deep Enclave Pocket-D Phase 3 Ashok Vihar Delhi-52) : A correlational study to analyse burnout in working women and its impact on well being. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 100-6.

The purpose of the study was “to find Correlational between burnout in working women and its impact on well being”. Total of 50 subjects were selected for the study and two groups were formed i.e. one
of government and other of private, 25 subjects in each group. Burn out Questionnaire and wellbeing questionnaire was given to the subjects data was collected and analyzed and it was found that there is negative correlation between two variables with person coefficient of -0.33 and -0.5 for government and private sector respectively.

2 tables, 13 ref

042325   MANDANKA N, DIWAN S (SBB Physiotherapy Coll, Ahmedabad) : Intra rater and inter rater reliability of hand dynamometer and pinch gauge in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 97-9.

Hand dynamometer and pinch gauge are common instrument for measurement of hand grip strength and pinch strength. Accurate measurement of hand grip strength and pinch strength in spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is challenging due to spasticity, tightness or contractures of pronator and long finger flexors. Simple availability, less cost & minimum measurement time of these instruments arises the need to check the reliability of hand dynamometer and pinch gauge measurement in children with spastic CP. The study aims to find the intra rater and inter rater reliability of hand dynamometer and pinch gauge in children with spastic CP. After getting approval from IEC, 10 children with spastic CP with mean age 8.9 years (5-16 years), MACS level II, III, IV without any contractures in hand muscles were tested for hand grip strength & pinch strength using hand dynamometer and pinch gauge. Measurements were taken by 3 independent therapists of different clinical experience after 1 minute rest, intra and inter rater reliability of hand dynamometer and pinch gauge was checked by intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). Intra rater and Inter rater reliability value (ICC) of hand dynamometer, pinch gauge (key grasp) and pinch gauge (tip to tip grasp) for non- affected hand is 0.996 and 0.999, 0.982 and 0.994, 0.986 and 0.995 while of affected hand is 0.993 and 0.998, 0.979 and 0.993, 0.977 and 0.992 respectively. Hand dynamometer and pinch gauge have excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for measuring hand gripe and pinch gripe strength in CP children above 5 year of age.

1 table, 11 ref

044443   SINGH A, KANT R, SALUJA T S, TRIPATHI T, SRIVASTAVA K, NAITHANI M, GUPTA A, MIRZA A A, PRAKASH V, SINGH S K (King George’s Medical Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: satyendraks@ kgmcindia.edu) : Differential diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma by circulating microRNA. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 127-31.

More than 70 % of lung cancer comprises nonsmall‑cell lung carcinoma and is associated with poor survival outcome owing to late diagnosis. Identification of lung cancer in early stages when no clinical signs or symptoms are evident, can drastically improve the prognosis. To this end, we aimed to evaluate the changes occurring at tissue level by assessing the expression of six microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Peripheral blood of histopathologically proven cases of lung AC and SCC was collected and processed for the isolation of miRNAs using commercially available kit. Primers against mir‑2114, mir‑2115, mir‑2116, mir‑2117, mir‑449c, and mir‑548q with loading control Caenorhabditis elegans were used. Screening was carried out in thirty cases of both AC and SCC, whereas twenty healthy controls were included. Real‑time polymerase chain reaction data revealed that the expression of mir‑2114 and mir‑449c in AC and mir‑2115 in SCC was significantly upregulated. The expression of these miRNAs was also confirmed in lung AC cell line. The differential pattern of expression of these miRNAs can be used for precise diagnosis of lung carcinoma. We have used a noninvasive technique to identify the subtype of lung cancer based on molecular genetic signatures. The results suggest that through molecular profiling of miRNA, we can screen high‑risk cases for cancer interception.

3 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

044442   GUPTA R, YADAV S, MITTAL N, RAHMAN K, SHARMA A, GUPTA A, NITYANAND S (Hematology Dep, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drkhaliq81@ gmail.com) : Clinicopathological spectrum of hairy‑cell leukemia: A single‑center study with brief review of Indian literature. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 120-6.

The presence of specific chemotherapeutic protocols for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) makes it essential to discriminate this entity from other lymphoproliferative disorders. Hence, awareness of the variations in clinical presentations and immunophenotypic aberrancies is requisite to ensure diagnostic accuracy. A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the clinical‑pathological profile of patients with HCL diagnosed over a period of 81 months (2010–September 2017) in our institute. Flow cytometry was performed in all the patients, and further, BRAFV600E mutation analysis was performed by real‑time polymerase chain reaction in a limited number of samples. A total of 353 lymphoproliferative disorders were assessed during the period, of which 16 (4.5 %) were diagnosed as HCL, which included 15 cases of classical HCL and single case of HCL‑v. Striking male predominance was noted with a median age of 52 (range 22–90 years). 47 % patients presented with pancytopenia, while 20 % cases had leukocytosis. Three patients presented with bleeding diathesis in the form of melena and purpuric spots. The absence of splenomegaly was observed in 20 % patients(4/15) while 2 (13.3 %) cases had lymphadenopathy. Hypocellular marrow was observed in 13 % cases. Bright expression of CD20/CD22 along with CD25/CD103/CD123/CD11c was noted in all the patients of classical HCL. Aberrant expression of CD23 and CD5 was seen in 33 % (n=5) and 6.7 % (n=1) cases respectively. CD200 was positive in all the 5/15 cases tested. The case of HCL–v presented with very high leukocyte count and exhibited a CD103/CD11c+ and CD123/CD25‑ profile. BRAFV600E, mutation was present in all the four patients tested who included patients with a hypocellular marrow and absent splenomegaly. HCL has characteristic profiles, yet it may exhibit unusual clinical and immunophenotypic presentations. Perspicacious use of flow cytometry and BRAFV600E mutation analysis will aid in the diagnosis in unprecedented cases.

4 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

042324   BIRADI M, LAL R K, SANJA P, AHMED Z (B.V.V. Sangha’s Coll of Physiotherapy, Bagalkot-587 102, Karnataka, Email: mahanteshbiradi@gmail.com) : Effects of anterior versus posterior end range mobilizations on shoulder rotations range of motion in adhesive capsulitis stage II. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 91-6.

Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by a spontaneous onset of shoulder pain accompanied by progressive limitation of both active and passive glenohumeral joint movements. This study was done to compare effectiveness of anterior versus posterior end range mobilizations on shoulder rotations range of motion (ROM) in subjects with adhesive capsulitis stage II. 56 participants with clinical diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis stage II were randomly allocated in two groups A & B. Both groups received therapeutic ultrasound and pre-set of prescribed home exercises in common. While Group ‘A’ received Anterior and Group ‘B’ received Posterior end range mobilizations. Shoulder rotations ROM was assessed as Outcome measure using universal goniometer at baseline, at end of 2 weeks post intervention. Result showed both anterior (% of change was -66.88) and posterior (% of change was -67.80) end range mobilization were equally effective in increasing internal rotation (IR) ROM. Posterior end range mobilisation (% of change was -187.50) was more effective than anterior end range mobilization (% of change was -101.37) in increasing external rotation(ER) ROM. We concluded that application of posterior end range mobilization is more effective than anterior end range mobilisation in increasing ERROM.

2 tables, 19 ref

044441   MOHATA S, KUMAR H S, SHARMA N, JHAKHAR S L, BENIWAL S, HARSH K K (Radiotherapy Dep, Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Email: drkumarhs@ gmail.com) : Acute treatment‑related toxicity in elderly patients with good performance status compared to young patients in locally advanced esophageal carcinoma treated by definitive chemoradiation: A retrospective comparative study. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 116-9.

The benefit of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer is not well established. We perform a single institutional retrospective study of CRT in terms of toxicity in elderly patients (age more than 60 years) as compared with young cohort (age <60 years) in locally advanced nonmetastatic esophageal cancer.  A total 145 of patients, 79 in young age (Group A) and 66 patients of elder age (Group B) with Stage II and III squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with ECOG PS of 0–1, who had undergone definitive CRT at our institute from January 2015 to November 2018 were selected for this analysis. Chemotherapy was cisplatin (40 mg/m2 ) given concurrently on weekly basis with radiotherapy (RT). Total prescribed dose of RT was 50.4 Gy at the rate of 1.8 Gy per fraction. Median age was 40 years (25–60 years) and 65 years (60–75 years) in young and elderly group, respectively. Follow‑up is done at median of 28 months (1–48 months) after treatment.  Acute Grade 2–3 esophagitis was seen in 48.10 % in young cohort, while it was 60.6 % in older group. Grade 2–3 nausea and vomiting was seen in 32.91 % in young age patients, while it was 45.5 % in elder patients. No statistically significant difference is seen in acute treatment‑related toxicity in young and elderly group. Our conclusion is that patients with adequate functional status should not be excluded from curative CRT based on age alone.

4 tables, 15 ref

042323   JOSHI K N, JOHN A J, RAMAMURTHY R, MEHTA N S (Srinivas Coll of Physiotherapy and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, Email: asaheljasper1992@gmail.com) : Disability and its relationship with caregiver burden among stroke survivors: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(2), 87-90.

Stroke is a chronic condition which leads to significant disability. In the developing countries like India such chronic conditions with disability are often kept to be treated in communities, which in turn puts significant stress on their caregivers ultimately leading to increase burden of caregiver. This increase in caregiver burden may further hamper the prognosis and rehabilitation of stroke patients. Identifying and comparing the relation between the various level of disability and caregiver burden. Cross sectional study. 65 persons with stroke and their caregivers meeting the inclusive criteria’s were enrolled. Pearson correlation was achieved between Modified Rankin Scale and Caregiver Burden Scale proving increase in caregiver burden with increase patient disability with 0.348 (P <0.01), negative Pearson correlation between Modified Barthel Index and Caregiver Burden Scale proves decrease in independence level of patient increases caregiver burden with -0.263(P<0.05). Caregiver burden of stroke survivor is correlated with disability of stroke patient. So education to caregiver may reduce burden which will may a key to improve rehabilitation.

2 tables, 21 ref

044440   MADABHAVI I, PATEL A, MODI G, ANAND A, PANCHAL H, PARIKH SMADABHAVI I, PATEL A, MODI G, ANAND A, PANCHAL H, PARIKH S (Medical and Pediatric Oncology Dep, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: irappamadabhavi@ gmail.com) : Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia: A single‑center experience. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 110-5.

The rationale of this study is to reveal the statistics of pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. It is a retrospective analysis conducted to assess pediatric CML data from January 1998 to December 2014. There are 65 (3.2 %) pediatric CML patients out of entire 2008 patients of CML. Data were analyzed regarding epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, response and side effects of imatinib, event‑free survival, and overall survival of the pediatric CML patients. The median age of diagnosis was 11.84 years, and 76.9 % patients were male and 23.07 % patients were female. Sixty(92.3 %) patients were in CML‑chronic phase, 3 (4.6 %) patients in CML‑accelerated phase, and 2 (3.07 %) patients in CML‑blastic crisis. Most common initial symptoms and signs are weakness (60.0 %), abdominal pain (55.38 %), splenomegaly (100 %), and hepatomegaly (86.5 %). 67.3 % of patients have white blood counts <100 × 109 /L and 92.3 % had platelets >150 × 109 /L. In the initial months of 2002, imatinib was available and utilized in 54 patients. Of 54 patients, complete hematological response at 3months, partial cytogenetic response at 6 months, complete cytogenetic response at 12 months, and major molecular response (MMR) at 18 months were 77.77 %, 59.2 %, 48.14 %, and 40.74 %, respectively. MMR at 36 months was 62.96 % (n = 34). Most common imatinib‑related side effects are gastrointestinal upset and myelosuppression. Pediatric CML in India is comparable with Western countries regarding epidemiological characteristic, clinical presentations, and tolerance of imatinib. As there is a paucity of universal literature regarding pediatric CML (especially data from Southeast Asian region), this article may fill up that space.

1 table, 40 ref

040464   KAUR S, CHEEMA R S, MAVI G K, HONPARKHE M, SINGH A K, GANDOTRA V K (Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics Dep, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana -141 004, Punjab, Email: ranjna.cheema@gmail.com) : Assessment and comparison of four lab made tris-base extenders for preservation of Labrador retriever dog semen at 4ºC. Indian J Biotechnol 2020, 19(2), 131-9.

The present study was aimed to develop a most effective extender for long term storage of Labrador dog semen at 4^oC. Tris-citric acid-fructose was supplemented with egg yolk (TEY), egg yolk plasma (TEYP), low density lipoproteins (TLDL) and coconut water (TCW) @10, 15 and 20; 10, 15 and 20; 11-15; and 25, 50 and 75 percent, respectively. Extended semen was stored at 4^oC and analyzed for sperm attributes and lipid peroxidation. Values for motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity remained significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 15 % TEY, 15 % TEYP, 13 % TLDL and 25 %/50 % TCW from 0 hr to 72 hrs of storage. It indicated superiority of 15 % TEY, 15 % TEYP, 13 % TLDL and 25 % /50 % TCW over other concentrations for storage of Labrador dog semen at 4^oC. A significant (p < 0.05) decline in motility, viability and membrane integrity was observed from 0-72 hrs of preservation in all extenders, but sperm attributes were still >50 % at 72 hrs of preservation. Decline was comparatively less in 15 % TEY, 15 % TEYP, 25 %/50 % TCW and 13 % TLDL compared to other concentrations. Values for acrosome integrity also differ significantly (p > 0.05) among different concentrations of extenders except TEY. Lipid peroxidation did not vary among different extenders except TEY. In conclusion, both 15 % TEY and 15 % TEYP were better than 13 % TLDL and 25 % TCW. TEY extender may be substituted with TEYP for preservation of dog semen at 4°C and further interventions may improve TLDL and TCW extenders.

2 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

040454   GUPTA V, NAYAK A, SWAMY M, SINGH R V (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science Univ, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), Email: drvandanagupta4@gmail.com) : Development of a dual-gene PCR assay for simultaneous amplification of structural and non-structural genes of bovine rotavirus A. Indian J Biotechnol 2020, 19(1), 45-8.

Rotavirus can be detected in stool samples by using serological and molecular methods. An easy and rapid dual gene RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous amplification of the capsid protein VP4 (structural) and rotavirus enter toxin NSP4 (non-structural protein) has been developed. We validated the assay by comparing the results of single target PCR with dual-gene PCR products.

3 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

040449   MELKONYAN AM, GUEVORKYAN A G, ALCHUJYAN N K, HOVHANNISYAN M R, MOVSESYAN N H, HAYRAPETYAN H L, KEVORKIAN G A, AGHAJANOVA Y M (Endocrinology Dep, Yerevan State Medical Univ after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan- 0025, Republic of Armenia, Email: arthur778720@mail.ru) : Sex and age-related changes in L-arginine metabolism in peripheral blood leukocytes in young caucasians with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2020, 57(3), 339-50.

We found that hyperactivation of cytoplasmic (anti-inflammatory) and mitochondrial (pro-inflammatory) arginase isoforms in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) is more pronounced in women than in male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who received insulin for one year, especially in adolescents young adults 15 years old (12.0 - 25.0) compared with children/adolescents 9.3 years old (4.5-11.8). Long-term treatment with insulin up to 14 years (on average 5.3-5.9) reduces the activity of arginase, especially in puberty girls with a tendency to normalize mitochondrial arginase, while in prepubertal boys the activity of both arginase isoforms almost doubles and remains elevated in puberty boys and can be involved in inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and decreasing the bioavailability of NO. This is confirmed by the concomitant continuous decrease in the levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) products, stable metabolites of NO (nitrite) and L-citrulline in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of PBL in prepubertal girls and boys, in the latter, regardless of age and insulin therapy, while in girls of puberty changes not found, apparently, due to the increased level of sex hormones that promote the expression and activity of NOS, which contribute to the inhibition of arginase. Further studies are needed to understand whether sex and age-related changes found in L-arginine metabolism in PBL can be useful in assessing the stage and progression of T1DM and the effectiveness of therapy.

6 illus, 2 tables, 81 ref

044439   SHARMA M, VARMA N, SACHDEVA M U S, BOSE P, VARMA S (Hematology Dep, Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh- 160 012, Email: varmaneelam@ yahoo.com) : Clinical and hematological correlates of aberrant immunophenotypic profiles in adult and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia at presentation. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 105-9.

Aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia have been reported with varying frequencies in independent studies and their association with prognostic factors is still a matter of debate. This study aims to identify the frequency of aberrant immunophenotypes in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to evaluate their association with initial clinical and hematological features.  A total of 181 patients of de novo AML were included during the time (July 2010–June 2012). The immunophenotype of all cases of AML was studied by using flow cytometry. Aberrant lymphoid antigen expression was seen in 43.1 % cases. Most frequent aberrant lymphoid antigen was CD7, seen in 26.5 % cases. All French‑American‑British (FAB) subtypes except AML‑M3 expressed aberrant lymphoid antigens. The expression was most common in AML‑M4 in the current study. CD34 expression in AMLs was significantly associated with the expression of aberrant lymphoid antigens. Lymphoid antigen expression in adult AML was significantly associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) count (>50,000/mm3 ) and higher number of peripheral blasts (>70 %). In summary, CD7 is the most common aberrant lymphoid antigen expressed in AML. FAB subtype AML‑M3 is usually not associated with aberrant lymphoid antigen expression. AML cases with CD34 positivity are more likely to express aberrant lymphoid markers. The current study also supports that aberrant lymphoid antigen expression in adult AML is associated with adverse presenting hematological features (WBC count >50,000/mm3 , peripheral blasts >70 %). Pediatric Ly + AML cases are not associated with adverse presenting clinical and biological features.

4 tables, 23 ref

040432   GHOSH S, GHOSH S (Education Dep, Visva-Bharati Univ, Santiniketan - 731 235, West Bengal, Email: shilpighosh7@gmail.com) : Air quality during COVID-19 lockdown: Blessing in disguise. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2020, 57(4), 420-30.

The  world  at  present  is  facing  a  gravest  health  crisis  due  to  the  Covid-19  pandemic.  To  control  its  unimaginable transmission worldwide lockdown was implemented resulting in economic deterioration but on the other hand betterment of the environment took place.  Therefore this study attempted to analyze the quality of air during the lockdown period and infer its outcome to environment and health. 15 empirical research articles, eight (54 %), three (20 %), two (13 %) and two (13 %) from Asia, Europe, South America and North America, respectively have been evaluated. From the studies it was inferred that during the lockdown period, in general, there was a trend of decrease in the level of concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, CO, NO, NO₂, NH₃, NOx, SO₂ and increase in the concentration level of O₃  in comparison to either the pre-lockdown period or to the previous year(s) records. Marked decrease in the levels of NO, NO₂, NOx were noted. Also PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂  and CO levels were seen to diminish significantly. The main reasons for such decrease were restricted movements of traffic  and  temporary  closure  of  factories  and  industries.  However,  as  the  thermal  power  plants  were  functional  during lockdown  so  improvement  of  air  quality  in  those  areas  was  not  significant.  Overall,  significant  improvement  in  the  air quality  was  observed  during  the  lockdown  which  led  to  better  climatic  conditions,  lesser  pollution  and  improved  many seasonal ailments like asthma and other cardio-respiratory issues in people.

6 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

044436   LOBO F D, GARG P, PAI R R, KINI H, PRASAD K (Pathology Dep, Kasturba Medical Coll, Mangalore- 575 001, Karnataka, Email: priyagarg. 71@gmail.com) : T‑cell lymphomas in a tertiary care center of Mangalore. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 94-7.

The clinicomorphology and immunohistochemical features of T‑cell lymphomas have been documented. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the spectrum of clincopathological features of T‑cell lymphoma with immunohistochemistry correlation in a tertiary care center. The present study was conducted on 19 biopsy specimens received from the Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, from referral hospitals of Mangalore city. Cases of nodal and extranodal T‑cell lymphomas diagnosed between January 2012 and December 2015 were selected with evaluation of clinical data, histomorphological features, and immunophenotyping. Appropriate panel of antibodies was chosen after morphological evaluation of the cases. Of the 19 cases of T‑cell lymphomas, 14 were nodal disease and 5 were extranodal disease. Among the nodal lymphomas, five were primary peripheral T‑cell lymphoma‑not otherwise specified (PTCL‑NOS), four were cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma, three were cases of angioimmunoblastic T‑cell lymphomas, and two were cases of anaplastic large‑cell lymphoma anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative. In extranodal disease, two were mycosis fungoides of skin, one case each of subcutaneous panniculitis‑like T‑cell lymphoma, T‑cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of tonsil, and T‑cell lymphoma of the stomach. The diagnosis and subclassification of PTCLs is necessary for therapeutic and prognostic purposes.

2 illus, 16 ref

044435   NAIR C K, RAGHAVAN V, BHATTACHARJEE A, KURUP A R (Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology Dep, Malabar Cancer Centre, Kannur, Kerala, Email: cknair09@ gmail.com) : Impact of early reduction in paraprotein on survival in transplant ineligible myeloma: Lesson from a tertiary cancer center in rural India. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 88-93.

The impact of rapid reduction in paraprotein levels, with induction chemotherapy in myeloma, on treatment outcomes is less clear. There are very few studies in transplant ineligible patients treated with novel agents, correlating an early reduction in paraprotein with survival duration. In this retrospective analysis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, ineligible for stem cell transplant, paraprotein levels at baseline and 3 months were noted with percentage reduction. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard model.  Among a total of 121 patients, 42 (35 %), 29 (24 %), and 50 (41 %) had paraprotein reduction of 100 %, 90 %–99 %, and <90 %, respectively from baseline levels at 3 months. Patients with complete disappearance of paraprotein (100 % reduction) when compared against those with <100 % reduction at 3 months had a trend toward higher overall survival (OS) (3‑year OS of 81 % vs. 69 %, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, P = 0.182). However, the progression‑free survival (PFS) was significantly higher when these two groups were compared (median PFS of 51 vs. 17 months, HR = 0.33, P ≤ 0.001). When patients with ≥90 % reduction were compared with <90 % reduction at 3 months, there was significant improvement in both OS and PFS (3‑year OS of 80 % vs. 48 %, HR = 0.24, P = 0.001, median PFS of 38 vs. 14 months, HR = 0.13, P < 0.001). Achieving a faster and deeper reduction in paraprotein as early as 3 months could lead to significant improvement in PFS.

6 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

044434   SANTHI R, ANNAPURANI S (Biochemistry Dep, PSG Coll of Arts and Science,, Coimbatore- 641 014, Tamil Nadu, Email: santhiakash@ yahoo.com) : Preliminary evaluation of In vitro and In vivo antioxidative and antitumor activities of flavonoid extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves in Ehrlich’s lymphoma and Dalton’s lymphoma ascites model. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 78-87.

In the present study, the flavonoid fraction of Tabernaemontana divaricata flavonoid fraction (TdFf) leaves was investigated for its in vitro and in vivo antioxidative and antitumor activity.  The flavonoid fraction of ethyl acetate extract was assessed for their in vitro antioxidant activity by 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’‑azino‑bis (3‑ethylbenzothiazoline‑6‑sulphonic acid) (ABTS), superoxide radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide and in vivo antioxidative activity by enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in the liver of intraperitoneally implanted Ehrlich’s lymphoma (EAC) and Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLAs) model. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using trypan blue exclusion assay and in vivo antitumor activity was assessed by screening the ILS, serum liver marker enzymes and histopathology of the liver. The data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of the means, and statistical analysis was carried out employing one‑way and two‑way analysis of variance using Web Agri Stat Package 2.0. The dose‑dependent percentage scavenging of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, OH, superoxide radical, and nonradical NO and H2 O2 by TdFf indicated their antioxidative potential. Incubation of EAC/DLA tumor cells with TdFf showed a concentration‑dependent cytotoxic effect, and the extract killed 50 % of EAC/DLA tumor cells at a concentration of 80 µg of TdFf. Coadministration of TdFf with EAC/DLA‑induced mice showed a significant increase in the liver enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants and significant decrease in the serum liver marker enzymes to prove the in vivo antioxidative and antitumor activity of TdFf. It was also confirmed by the histopathology of the liver.  It may be concluded that the flavonoid fractions of Td possess considerable antioxidative and antitumorigenic activity against the tested DLA/EAC in both in vitro and in vivo system.

6 illus, 3 tables, 61 ref

040429   ANITHASRI A, ARULVIJAYAVANI S, GOPINATH P, VARUNI A K (Biochemistry Dep, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Karaikal - 609 602, Puducherry, Email: arulvijayavani@gmail.com) : Association of Lipid biomarkers with drinking patterns and severity in alcoholic liver disease - A hospital- based cross- sectional study. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2020, 57(4), 395-400.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of death due to cirrhosis. Dyslipidemia is a common finding in  ALD  and  lipid  parameters  are  shown  to  be  associated  with  disease  severity.  However  the  effect  of  alcohol  drinking pattern on lipid abnormalities is still unclear. Hence this cross sectional study was planned to estimate the serum lipid profile in ALD patients and to determine the association of lipid parameters with alcohol drinking pattern and the severity of liver disease.50  male  patients  with  ALD  and  50  age  matched  controls  were  enrolled.  AUDIT  score  was  used  to  assess  their drinking pattern. Serum lipid profile and liver parameters were estimated and compared between the cases and controls. The patients  were  grouped  based  on  severity  into  Child  Pugh's  group  A,  B  and  C  and  the  study  parameters  were  compared between the groups. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS v20.0. The mean total cholesterol level (126.98±45.06 vs 163.2±24.38 mg/dL), LDL and HDL cholesterol was significantly less in ALD compared to controls. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were low in Child Pugh's Score C group. Mean AUDIT score was18 ± 4. Low Total cholesterol and  LDL  cholesterol  levels  correlate  with  disease  severity  and  are  markers  of  poor  prognosis.  Lipid  parameters  do  not correlate with alcohol drinking patterns in ALD.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

040428   SRIVASTAVA S, PANDEY A (Biotechnology Dep, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, Email: anjanap@mnnit.ac.in) : Computational screening of anticancer drugs targeting miRNA155 synthesis in breast cancer. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2020, 57(4), 389-94.

miRNAs have been identified to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis through their binding to various regulatory proteins. One such causative molecule identified as miRNA155, which when overexpressed is responsible for carcinogenesis and also leads to telomere fragility. miRNA155 levels in the blood are used for early screening of cancer. Several anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin have been identified, which act by binding to DNA and DNA binding enzymes to check their expression levels. In this study doxorubicin and its similar compounds were used to analyze their binding with miR155 DNA for inhibition of miRNA155 synthesis and their binding energies were calculated. Based on the docking, ADME, and toxicity results Morpholinyl Doxorubicin was used for molecular dynamics studies and was identified as a potential drug candidate.

4 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

040426   CHITRA J, RAJENDRAN S M, MERCY J J, JEYAKANTHAN J (CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi - 630 003, Tamil Nadu, Email: rajendran_sm@rediffmail.com) : Impact of COVID-19 lockdown in Tamil Nadu: Benefits and challenges on environment perspective. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2020, 57(4), 370-81.

Prior to COVID-19 lockdown in our country, the air around us was highly polluted due to emission of greenhouse gases for over centuries. Melting of glaciers and rising of the sea levels were evidenced as the alarming signs of Global warming. Environmental degradation was observed rapidly due to depletion and exploitation of natural resources like soil, water and air. But there are few changes observed in the environment after the country’s lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic. The effects of lockdown are also entwined with human and political effects such as uncontrollable public mobility, poor access to health care due to lack of sufficient medical facilities, unemployment, migrants’ crisis, starvation and prevailing poverty. However, apart from sufferings of entire country especially the people by social, economic and psychologic effects in day-to-day life, this lockdown has given to the nature the most optimistic scenarios in environment especially with enhanced air quality, cleaner water and undisturbed pristine forest. The present review brings out the actual picture of the eco-processes that reduced man-made pollution in air and water as well as disposal of domestic or biological waste along with societal implications after imposing lockdown in the state of Tamil Nadu.

10 illus, 40 ref

044433   DASHOTTAR S, SUNITA B S, SINGH R K, RANA V, SUHAG V, SINGH A K (Pathology Dep, Army Hospital R&R, New Delhi? 110 010, Email: drsunitabs@ gmail.com) : A case series of unusual presentations of Burkitt’s lymphoma. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 66-70.

Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is one of the fastest growing malignancies. It is the most common subtype of Non‑Hodgkin’s lymphoma in childhood. It has three major subtypes – endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency‑associated types. This study aims to study the clinicomorphologic features of this disease entity and to find optimal imaging technique for such cases.  A retrospective observational study in a tertiary care center of academic and research potential. Subjects and Methods: We are presenting three unusual cases of sporadic type of BL who presented initially as localized right iliac fossa mass mimicking as acute appendicitis. Initially, localized presentation progressed to diffuse abdominal mass lesions causing intestinal obstruction.These cases had emphasized the importance of accurate diagnosis by the ultrasonography(USG) or computed tomography(CT) scan for early diagnosis so as to manage such cases simply by early appropriate medical treatment. In this article, we will discuss the clinical and imaging features of BL with the role of USG, CT scan and positron emission tomography/CT in the abdominopelvic imaging of pediatric patients. 

5 illus, 13 ref

044432   EL BADRAWY A, GADELHAK B, HELMY E M, FAROUK O, FADY T, REFKY B, ELZAAFARANY M, EMARAH Z, TAALAB M M, EISA N (Mansoura Univ, Mansoura, Egypt, Email: adelelbadrawy @hotmail.com) : Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of synchronous lymphoma and other solid malignancies. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 60-5.

The objective of this study is to review the multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) findings of synchronous lymphoma and other solid malignancies. This retrospective study included 18 patients confirmed with diagnosis of lymphoma and other solid malignancies. They were 8 women and 10 men (mean age, 62.5 year; range, 44–73 years). CT scanning was performed on one of the two systems: 64 MDCT in 11 patients and 6 MDCT in 7 patients. All 36 malignancies were underwent pathological evaluation.  All cases were confirmed pathologically. Lymphomas were Hodgkin disease (n = 5 patients) and non‑Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 13 patients). Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in five patients. Bronchogenic carcinoma was detected in two patients. Renal cell carcinoma was detected in two patients. Breast carcinoma was detected in two patients. Prostatic carcinoma was detected in two patients. Gastric carcinoma was detected in two patients. Endometrial carcinoma was detected in one patient. Colonic carcinoma was detected in one patient. Thyroid carcinoma was detected in one patient. MDCT scanning is accurately imaging modality for the evaluation of synchronous lymphoma and other solid malignancies. More reports and accumulation of such cases should help to clarify the mechanisms, contribute to a further understanding of this phenomenon, and may lead to a new treatment strategy for synchronous lymphoma and other solid malignancies.

4 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

044431   ATA? E, KUTLUK M T , AKYÜZ C (Pediatrics Dep, Health Sciences Univ, Ankara- 06018, Turkey, Email: eatasdr@ gmail.com) : Cardiac complications in patients who underwent to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 53-9.

Cardiac complications may be observed after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite significant improvement in supportive care, HSCT may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the frequency of clinically serious cardiac complications after HSCT in our patients. This is a retrospective study. Cardiac complications were analyzed in 75 patients undergone to HSCT with physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac monitorization. The median age was 12 years (range 11–16) and M/F ratio was 2/3 = 0.66. There are five patients with six complications among the retrospective cohort of 75. These were pericardial effusion in three patients, and sinus bradycardia in two patients and ventricular tachycardia in one patient. The incidence of cardiac complications among 75 patients with HSCT was 6.7 %. The mortality rates of patients with and without cardiac complication were 40 % and 34 %, and both of them with cardiac complication had pericardial effusion. However, the cardiac complication was not found statistically significant factor on survival (P = 0.82). Poor risk factors of patients, myocarditis, pericarditis, and heart failure owing to cumulative doses of anthracycline, cyclophosphamide, cytomegalovirus infection or other infections, mediastinal irradiation, and cryopreserved stem cell product with dimethyl sulfoxide may be effective on the development of cardiac complications individually. Early intervention can prevent death related to this complication. 

1 table, 23 ref

044430   SIVARAJ S, MALMATHANRAJ R, PALANISAMY P (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli- 620 015, Tamil Nadu, Email: sivarajs238@ gmail.com) : Detecting anomalous growth of skin lesion using threshold based segmentation algorithm and Fuzzy K nearest neighbor classifier. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 40-52.

Skin cancer is a complex and life‑threatening disease caused primarily by genetic instability and accumulation of multiple molecular alternations. Currently, there is a great interest in the prospects of image processing to provide quantitative information about a skin lesion, that can be relevance for the clinical images and also used as a stand‑alone cautioning tool.  To accomplish a powerful approach to recognize skin cancer without performing any unnecessary skin biopsies, this article presents a new hybrid technique for the classification of skin images using Firefly with K‑Nearest Neighbor algorithm(FKNN).  FKNN classifier is used to predict and classify skin cancer along with threshold‑based segmentation and ABCD feature extraction. Image preprocessing and feature extraction techniques are mandatory for any image‑based applications.  Initially, it is essential to eliminate the illumination variation and the other unwanted shadow areas present in the skin image, which is done by homomorphic filtering called preprocessing. The comparison of our proposed method with other existing methods and a comprehensive discussion is explored based on the obtained results. The proposed FKNN provides a quantitative information about a skin lesion through hybrid KNN and firefly optimization that helps for recognizing the skin cancer efficiently than other technique with low computational complexity and time.

4 illus, 14 tables, 26 ref

040423   SINGH C K, SINGH N, SINGH T, SINGH P, MOHINDROO J, MAHAJAN S K (Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Dep, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, Email: 46161chandan@gmail.com) : Clinical study on short axis M-mode echocardiography in Crossbred Holstein Friesian cows. Indian J Anim Res 2020, 54(2), 249-53.

The present study was conducted in apparently healthy Crossbred Holstein Friesian cows (n=40) to establish normal echocardiographic indices. The short axis M-mode echocardiography was conducted in non-sedated standing Crossbred Holstein Friesian cow using cardiac probe of 2.8 to 3.6 MHz from right parasternal short axis view. The clinico-physiological parameters were within the normal ranges. The mean ± SE of RVIDd was 3.40 ± 0.06 (2.61 - 4.42) cm, IVSd 1.88 ± 0.06 (0.95 -3.17) cm, IVSs 2.72 ± 0.07 (1.77-3.81) cm, LVIDd 7.35 ± 0.14 (4.82-9.23) cm, LVIDs 4.37 ± 0.12 (2.04-5.87) cm, LVPWd 1.76 ± 0.06 (1.03-2.56) cm, LVPWs 2.80 ± 0.08 (1.58- 3.96) cm, RWTd 0.50 ± 0.02 (0.35-0.85) cm, RWTs 1.31 ± 0.06 (0.84-2.83) cm, MWTd 1.89 ± 0.06 (1.23-3.03) cm, MWTs 2.76 ± 0.06 (1.85-3.74) cm, IVS % (46.17 ± 2.46), LVPW % (60.39 ± 2.64 ), LVM (1007.35 ± 53.78) g, LV myocardial fraction (0.33 ± 0.01), EPSS (0.86 ± 0.02) cm, FS % (40.68 ± 1.20), heart rate (66.15 ± 0.96) beats /min and body weight was 426.78 ± 7.79 kg. The correlation with the body weight revealed negative correlation (p< 0.01) for the parameters viz RWTs.

5 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

040422   KHOSA J S, ANAND A, SANGWAN V, MAHAJAN S K, MOHINDROO J, SINGH S S (Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Dep, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, Email: jasmeetkhosa@gmail.com) : Surgical management of uterine torsion through ventral celiotomy in eleven mares. Indian J Anim Res 2020, 54(2), 244-8.

This article describes the surgical management of uterine torsion by midline celiotomy for cesarean section in 11 mares presented with signs of colic at a teaching veterinary hospital. The mares were either in full term of gestation (n = 6) or in advanced stage of pregnancy (n = 5). Majority of the mares (44.5 %) were in fourth parity. 78 % cases of uterine torsion were post cervical and clockwise and (22 %) cases were post cervical and anticlockwise. For surgical intervention, mares were anesthetized using a combination of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg), intravenously and maintained on isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. Midline celiotomy was performed, and foals were delivered by cesarean section. Before closing the abdominal wound, the uterus was detorted manually and confirmed per-vaginally for its normal position. After long-term follow-up, the study reported 90.0 % (10/11) survival rate out of which, seven were bred successfully.

3 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

040415   SEKHAR K C, VEENA P, KUMAR R V S, RAMAYYA P J (Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Dep, Veterinary Science Coll, Tirupati-517 502, Andhra Pradesh, Email: id:vienoa8893@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of ropivacaine, ropivacainedexmedetomidine and ropivacaine – clonidine combinations for epidural analgesia in cattle. Indian J Anim Res 2020, 54(2), 202-8.

Eighteen animals with various surgical conditions were divided into three groups of six animals each. Group I received ropivacaine (0.75 %) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. Group II animals received ropivacaine (0.75 %) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and dexmedetomidine at 5 µg/kg b.wt in the sacrococcygeal space. Group III animals received ropivacaine (0.75 %) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and clonidine @ 2 µg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. The fastest onset of analgesia was produced by ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination followed by ropivacaine-clonidine. RT showed non significant decrease in all groups during post epidural analgesia. A non significant increase in RR was observed in cattle following ropivacaine and ropivacaine-clonidine epidural analgesia. Where as a non significant fall in RR was noticed during ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination. A non significant increase in HR was recorded after epidural administration of ropivacaine in group I animals. Whereas group II and III animals showed a non significant decrease in HR throughout the period of study. ECG studies did not reveal any abnormalities except sinus arrhymia in all animals. In group I and III non significant increase in Hb and PCV was observed in the present study. Non significant decrease in Hb and PCV values were recorded in animals subjected to ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine analgesia. A non significant increase in AST, ALT was noticed in all groups of animals. The study suggests that dexmedetomidine is a better adjuvant than clonidine in epidural analgesia as far as cardiorespiratory and Haemato-biochemical parameters are concerned.

3 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

042322   GAUTAM D, ARYAL S C, FERNANDO TD A,T AFZ T, DEEPAK T R, AIREE Y S, JOSHI D D (Padmashree Institute of Physiotherapy, Bangalore-560 060, Karnataka, Email: airee.yogendra@gmail.comdisturbance) : Prevalence of depression, anxiety & stress among first year students in physiotherapy colleges at Bangalore, India. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 78-82.

Physiotherapy students are important human resource in the field of heath. Detection of potential anxiety, stress and depression developed in them during first year of academics is crucial since anxiety and stress can lead to low productivity, low quality of life, and suicidal ideas. This study was conducted to find the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among first year students in Padmashree Institute of Physiotherapy, Bangalore, Karnataka. 105 students have been selected for the study purpose irrespective of age, sex and personal habits. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used for this study. Standardized, semi-structured questionnaire named DASS 21 (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale) was used to collect data. Among all 105 students; Depression – 41.9 % were reported in normal category, 21.9 % of them in moderate, 18.09 % in mild, 10.47 % in severe and 7.61 % fall in extremely severe category. The anxiety scale reported 27.61 % in normal, 23.8 % in moderate, 20.95 % are in extremely severe, 18.09 % in severe and 9.52 % of them have been under mild category. The study reported 55.23 % normal cases of stress scale, 19.04 % were in moderate, 13.33 % in mild, 11.42 % in severe and 0.95 % case in extremely severe score. This study shows that the maximum number of students have raised level of anxiety and depression, whereas the number of students having increased stress are less in number.

1 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

044429   HACIMUFTUOGLU A, MOHAMMADZADEH M, HJOUGHI A T , TASPINAR N, TOGAR B, NALCI, UFUK OKKAY K, GUNDOGDU B (Medical Pharmacology Dep, Atatürk Univ, Erzurum, Turkey, Email: tanineemrouz@ gmail.com) : The analgesic effect of metformin on paclitaxel‑induced neuropathic pain model in rats: By considering pathological results. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 34-9.

Metformin (MET) has been used as an antidiabetic agent for type II diabetes. At the same time, recent researches have shown that the clinical improvement of MET is useful for nerve damage. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effect of MET in paclitaxel (PAC)‑induced neuropathic pain. Forty‑two adult, female rats, Wistar strain weighing 220 ± 10 g were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups. PAC was intraperitoneally (IP) administered (2.0 mg/kg) for 4 groups every other day (0, 2, 4, and 6 days). By the 30th day, MET (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was administered to 4 groups. Before and after treatment, basal pain threshold values were measured with Randall–Selitto analgesiometer test. At the end of experiment, pathological values were measured in selected regions including brain (motor cortex, M1), spinal cord (L4‑L5), sciatic nerve, and muscle.  According to our results, PAC‑induced neuropathic pain reached to highest level at 14th day. Four hundred milligram/kilogram concentration of MET remarkably decreased PAC‑induced neuropathic pain. On the other hand, pathologic features have shown that PAC had significant pathological change in the brain and spinal cord while in the peripheral nerves and muscles had not shown any pathological change. The pathological results of the current study for the first time demonstrated that MET beside of its antidiabetic effects reversed neuropathic pain induced by PAC. Consequently, this research can be promising for cancer patients that suffering from neuropathic pain induced by anticancer drugs.

3 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

044428   SHARMA K, SINGH U, RAI M, SHUKLA J, GUPTA V, NARAYAN G, KUMAR S (Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: kavyanjali85@ gmail.com) : Interleukin 6 and disease transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia: A Northeast Indian population study. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 18-22.

Interleukin 6 (IL6) has been suggested to be a valuable prognostic marker in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IL6 is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays an important role in immune response, hematopoiesis, and acute phase response. IL6 is regarded as a prominent target for clinical interventions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of IL6 in CML to provide greater insight to their role in disease transformation in Indian patients. A total of 50 CML cases and 10 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cases along with 20 healthy controls were included in the study between 2015 and 2016. About 4 mL blood samples were collected from all cases in plain vial and serum was separated. Levels of IL6 were determined in all cases by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. The study suggests that both ALL and CML are associated with significantly elevated serum IL6 level than the healthy control group. Mean levels of serum IL6 are 223.4 ± 53.403 pg/mL in CML, 71.020 ± 29.549 pg/mL in ALL, and 5.360 ± 0.467 pg/mL in healthy control group. Serum IL6 correlated with different phases of CML. Mean IL6 levels are 50.93 ± 29.37 pg/mL in chronic phase (CP), 69.02 ± 22.60 pg/mL in accelerated phase (AP), and 652.77 ± 124.62 pg/mL in blast crisis (BC) phase of CML. In compared to CP and AP, in BC, IL‑6 is significantly elevated (P = 0.00 and 0.00, respectively); however, we did not find a significant difference in IL‑6 serum levels between CP and AP (P = 0.703). Study suggests that the detection of IL6 level in newly diagnosed patient can predict the severity of the disease. There might be association of level of IL6 with the disease transformation. 

1 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

044427   SALARPOUR F, GOUDARZIPOUR K, MOHAMMADI M H, AHMADZADEH A, FARAAHI S, ALLAHBAKHSHIAN A, FARSANI M A (Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank Dep, Shahid Beheshti Univ, Tabriz, Iran, Email: allahbakhshian@sbmu.ac.ir) : Evaluation of growth factor independence 1 expression in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 23-9.

Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1), a transcriptional repressor, is required for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and self-renewal in addition to controlling differentiation and proliferation of myeloid cells. As murine studies have demonstrated that this transcription factor has a notable role in the initiation and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disease, the aim of the current study was to investigate and review the influence of GFI1 in human AML cells. GFI1 expression levels were measured by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction in 96 primary AML samples which were then compared to gene expression levels observed in 18 healthy subjects. Moreover, GFI1 expression patterns were analyzed based on specific AML subtypes including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Finally, leukemic cells were stained to measure levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. This study reports that AML patients have significantly higher GFI1 mRNA levels in comparison to healthy subjects and that, when considering AML subtypes, patients with APL have higher GFI1 expression than non-APL patients. It is also concluded that GFI1 overexpression in patients with high MPO levels, such as those of the APL subtype, is correlated with favorable disease prognosis as supported by other studies which demonstrate that increased peroxide activity and GFI1 are independently correlated with a favorable prognosis

4 illus, 2 tables

044426   UDUPA M S N, GOVIND BABU K, BABU M C S, LAKSHMAIAH K C, LOKANATHA D, JACOB A L, LOKESH K N, RAJEEV L K, RUDRESH A H, DEVI L (Medical Oncology Dep, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru- 560 029, Karnataka, Email: msn.udupa@ gmail.com) : Clinical profile, cytogenetics and treatment outcomes of adult acute myeloid leukemia. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 18-22.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults has poor prognosis. The epidemiologic profile of patients varies greatly in different geographic locations and so do the cytogenetic abnormalities and the FAB subtype of the AML. We intended to study the clinical profile, cytogenetics, and outcomes with standard of care treatment on our population in India. This was a retrospective study with systematic review of 203 case records. Primary objectives were to know the demographic profile of AML, prevalence of various FAB subtypes, cytogenetic abnormalities, and treatment outcomes at our center, which is a referral center of oncology. Two treatment outcomes considered in study for patients of AML were achievement of remission status of the bone marrow postintensive induction chemotherapy and sustenance of the remission for 6 months, once remission is achieved. Secondary objective was to study these outcomes in non‑M3 AML in relation to cytogenetics. Median age was 39 years. The most common FAB subtype observed was AML M2. About 65.6 % patients achieved complete remission (CR), and 42.4 % patients could sustain it for next 6 months. Cytogenetics correlated with prognosis but not age. Our population differs from the Western population regarding lower age, lower prevalence of adverse cytogenetics, and higher prevalence of favorable cytogenetic abnormalities. Cytogenetics had a good correlation with CR rates after chemotherapy as well as its sustenance.

3 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

042321   VICTOR C, TIRKEY A, ABRAHAM D, THARION G, THOMAS N, MULIYIL J P, MUTHUSAMI J C (General Surgery Dep, Christian Medical Coll and Hospital Vellore, CMC Vellore 632004) : Rehabilitation of a diabetic amputee: Sequelae, impact and effect on the precious limb. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 73-7.

In a patient who has undergone a major amputation of one lower limb, the role and function of the precious limb is of paramount importance. We assume that once the patient has been rehabilitated with a prosthesis, the static plantar pressure distribution is equal over both the amputated limb and the precious limb. There is not much published literature that actually compares the distribution of the static plantar pressure over the precious limb available in India. This study aimed at studying the characteristics of static plantar pressure distribution after a major amputation in the precious foot of diabetic patients with and without prosthesis once they have been rehabilitated. 1) To compare the relationship between static plantar pressure distribution in the precious limb with and without the prosthesis in diabetic patients who have undergone a below knee amputation and have been rehabilitated. 2) To identify areas of high pressure over the precious limb and suggest appropriate modifications in the prosthetic footwear so as to reduce the static plantar pressure in those high-pressure regions. The static plantar pressure distribution was found to be significantly higher without the advocated prosthetic device on the amputated limb over the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^th metatarsal. . The ratio of the forefoot versus the hind foot pressures with and without a prosthesis was also noted to be significant (p = 0.002). This variation in the pressure distribution over the precious foot disproved our hypothesis that there is an equal spatial redistribution in static plantar peak pressures in the precious limb following rehabilitation with a prosthetic device in a diabetic patient who has undergone a below knee amputation and that a prosthesis alone is not adequate to protect the precious limb.

3 illus, 20 ref

040410   DOGRA S, SINGH R, RAVINDER S, TIKOO A (Veterinary Medicine Div, Sher-eKashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura-181 102, Jammu, Email: rajivrajiv101@gmail.com) : Effect of claw disorders on haemato-biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in crossbred cattle. Indian J Anim Res 2020, 54(2), 173-6.

To evaluate the effect of lameness associated with claw disorders on haemato-biochemical and acute phase protein levels, 34 crossbred dairy cattle were selected from 11 dairy farms. Lame animals were categorized based on locomotion score, hoof lesions and severity of disease. Significant (p<0.05) decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC and lymphocyte count with significant increase in neutrophil count was recorded among animals suffering from various claw disorders. Similar trend was observed in animals showing varying locomotion score, lesions and duration of lameness. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) increase in AST, ALT, TPP and globulin among lame animals. Overall average values of haptoglobin, CRP and fibrinogen among the lame animals were 924.59± 59.13µg/ml, 65.00± 1.98µg/ml and 8.75± 0.51mg/dl compared with 607.02± 49.13µg/ml, 13.79± 0.80µg/ml and 2.78± 0.17mg/dl among healthy animals, respectively. Study concluded that lameness due to claw disorders is associated with a systemic acute phase response as significant (p<0.05) increase in levels of fibrinogen, Hp and CRP was observed.

1 table, 25 ref

044425   RUDRESHA A H, CHAUDHURI T, LAKSHMAIAH K C, BABU G, LOKESH K N, RAJEEV L K (Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru- 560 029, Karnataka, Email: tamojit. cnmc@gmail.com) : Evolution of the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma in a Regional Cancer Center of South India: Impact of high‑dose methotrexate on treatment outcome. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 13-7.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of aggressive extranodal non‑Hodgkin lymphoma. This study attempts to delineate the clinicopathological and radiological profile of PCNSL cases at our center. All the pathologically confirmed PCNSL cases between January 2007 and July 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The influence of potential prognostic parameters and therapeutic strategies on survival was investigated by log‑rank test and Cox regression analysis. Of the 53 PCNSL patients, 34 (64 %) patients were males. Median age at diagnosis was 44 years (range 22–65 years). The most common location in the brain was the cerebral hemispheres in 32 patients (60 %), and 16 patients (30 %) had multiple intracranial lesions. Histologically, all patients were diffuse large B‑cell lymphomas, except one case of anaplastic large‑cell lymphoma. The median survival of the patients received whole‑brain radiation alone (n = 6), standard CHOP chemotherapy + radiation (n = 14), and DeAngelis protocol (n = 31) was 8 months, 13 months, and 23 months, respectively. Among the 31 patients treated with DeAngelis protocol, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Class 1 (n = 23) and Class 2 (n = 8) patients had a median overall survival (OS) of 25 months and 13 months, respectively. The incidence of treatment‑related neurotoxicity was significantly higher with DeAngelis protocol, in comparison to CHOP + whole‑brain radiation therapy (26 % vs. 14 %, P < 0.05). None of the potential prognostic factors had a statistically significant influence on OS in our patients. High‑dose methotrexate‑based chemotherapy combined with radiation was the only factor, which had a significant impact on survival (log‑rank P = 0.000) but at the cost of increased neurotoxicity.

1 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

042320   SALOT C, SATHYA P (D.Y. Patil Univ, Nerul, Navi-Mumbai) : Effects of proprioceptive training on agility performance in male football players. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 68-72.

Football is a high intensity intermittent sport which requires the successful and effective execution of the technical skill like agility, change of direction, acceleration, deceleration, sudden stops and shots largely depends on the football players’ ability to control their balance and to adapt better and faster to their ever changing bodily postures and positions in the pitch. So to maximize the football performance the possible strategy could be proprioceptive training. Hence, the purpose of this research was to see the effects of proprioceptive training on agility performance in male football players. 90 football players participated were randomly selected and divided in two groups, experimental (n=45) and control group (n=45). Experimental group underwent Proprioceptive training on bosu ball with their regular football training program and control group underwent regular football training program. Athletes were trained for 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Agility assessment at pre and post intervention was done for all subjects using T-agility test. The results revealed a significant differences in comparison between pre and post agility for experimental group with p-value 0.000 (< 0.05) and insignificant difference for control group with p-value 0.220 (> 0.05). Proprioceptive training was effective in decreasing the agility time in male football players.

3 tables, 25 ref

040406   ELITOK B (Internal Medicine Dep, Bülent Elitok, Afyon Kocatepe Univ, Afyonkarahisar/Türkiye, Email: elitok1969@hotmail.com) : Investigation of therapeutic effects of thermal waters of Afyonkarahisar region in stress-induced mice. Indian J Anim Res 2020, 54(2), 155-9.

In this study, 20 Albino mice of the same daily age were used. All the animals were restrained in well-ventilated 50 ml tubes (plus 3 or 4 cm long middle tubes), which were slipped over the tail to restrict movement even more and left undisturbed under an opaque duration of the stress (30 min). After stress procedure was applied in all animals, 20 mice which have same alive weight average and constitute the study material were divided into two groups as control group (CG) (n=10) and study groups (SG) (n=10) for a 21-day treatment period equally and randomly. Normal tap water was added to the CG mice’ drinkers, while the hot spring water that was brought from the source each day as fresh added to SG mice’ drinkers and they were allowed to reach ad libitum. Clinical, hematological and blood biochemical parameters were measures on 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment in all the animals. The results of this study showed that cortisol and glucose levels decreased in stressed mice treated with Süreyya I Hot Spring Water, while ALB, TP, T3 and T4 levels increased and these changes were statistically significant (p<0.06) when compared to the control group.

1 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

044424   PARODI S (National Research Council of Italy, Genoa- 16149, Italy, Email: parodistefano@ icloud.com) : Xist noncoding RNA could act as a tumor suppressor gene in patients with classical hodgkin’s disease. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 7-12.

Xist is a long noncoding RNA involved in the X chromosome inactivation in females. It may act as an onco‑suppressor gene in hematologic malignancies, and its activity is strongly dependent from SATB1 gene expression. However, its potential role in Hodgkin’s disease (HD) onset and progression is unknown. Three gene expression microarray datasets were analyzed for the expression of Xist and SATB1 in patients with classical HD, namely, GDS4222 (130 patients and 54,000 gene features), GSE39134 (29 patients and 54,000 features), and E‑MEXP‑507 (29 patients and 27,648 probes). The first two were oligonucleotide arrays (platform: Affymetrix gene chip HG‑U133‑Plus2), whereas the latter was a cDNA two‑channel array(platform: OncoChip. v2). Summary and time‑dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were applied to obtain a summary measure (summary area under the ROC curve [sAUC]) of association between gene expression and unfavorable patient outcome in each probe set.  Xist was overexpressed among females in each data set. A slight overexpression was associated with a good prognosis both in males (sAUC = 0.75, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.70–0.80) and at a lesser extent, in females (sAUC = 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.59–0.69). However, this finding was limited to the analysis of the biggest database (GDS4222). No association was found between Xist and SATB1 expression. A reactivation of Xist might act as an onco‑suppressor gene in male patients with HD, which seems independent from SATB1 expression. The possibility that Xist could contribute to the better survival of female patients should also be investigated.

3 tables, 26 ref

044423   YADAV B S, SHARMA S C, MALHOTRA P, PRAKASH G (Radiation Oncology Dep, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Email: drbudhi@ gmail.com) : Combined modality treatment: Outcome in patients with hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Can Res Ther 2020, 16(1), 1-6.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) can be treated with combined modality treatment (CMT) to limit long‑term toxicities in the early favorable stage. Early unfavorable and advanced stage HL is mainly treated with chemotherapy followed by radiation to the bulky site. This study examines the impact of CMT in early as well as advanced stage HL.  From 2001 to 2011, 125 patients with Stage I to IV HL were analyzed. Median age of the patients was 25 years (range 12–68 years). CMT, chemotherapy, and radiation alone were given to 51, 64, and 10 patients, respectively. Chemotherapy with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) was given to 100 patients, 6 patients received ABVD‑like regimen, and 9 patients received cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone regimen. Radiotherapy(RT) was given to 61 (49 %) patients, involved field RT to 55 (90 %), and extended‑field RT to 6 (10 %) patients, respectively. Median radiation dose was 30 Gy (18–40 Gy). All 25 patients with early‑stage achieved complete response (CR) with CMT. At a median follow‑up of 70 months (range 12–230 months), relapse was seen in two patients (1 local and 1 distant). Of 26 patients with advanced stage, 25 achieved a CR and 1 had stable disease with CMT. Relapse occurred in one patient (distant). In patients with early‑stage treated with chemotherapy only (n = 30, 24 %), 9 patients had relapse (4 local and 5 distant) while in those with RT only (n = 10, 8 %), 4 developed distant relapse. In patients with advanced stage treated with chemotherapy only (n = 34, 27 %), 8 relapsed (5 local and distant, 3 distant only). Patients with relapse were salvaged with CMT (n = 6), chemotherapy (n = 15), or RT (n = 3). Two patients have died. Five years’ disease‑free survival (DFS) in patients with early favorable stage, early unfavorable stage, and advanced stage was 91 %, 82 %, and 73 %, respectively (P = 0.026). DFS was significantly better with CMT than chemotherapy or radiation alone. Five years’ overall survival (OS) was 93 %, 92 %, and 84 %, respectively (P = 0.139). Second malignancy occurred in 3 (2.4 %) patients; carcinoma of the tongue, pseudomyxoma peritonei, and non‑HL each, respectively. None of these patients had received prior radiation. CMT improved DFS in patients with HL. OS was similar in all patients irrespective of treatment combinations. The incidence of second malignancy was 2.4 %.

3 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

042319   SHINDE C S, MAHAJAN A A, SONAWANE P P (Cardio-Respiratory PT Dep, PIMS, Loni Bk. Ahmednagar) : Quality of life using EORTC QLQ C-30 and EORTC QLQ BR-23 marathi version in post-operative breast cancer women from rural region of Maharashtra. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 62-7.

QOL (Quality of life) may be affected in most of the patients suffering from cancer irrespective of its stage. Hence, this observational study was conducted to understand the QOL in postoperative breast cancer women from rural region of Maharashtra, using Marathi versions of EORTC QLQ C-30 and EORTC QLQ BR-23 questionnaires. Out of 112 patients screened, 100 Post-Operative Breast Cancer in-patients and out-patients from Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni, Maharashtra, between age group of 20-60 years, were included in the study and questionnaires were administered to them. According to EORTC QLQ C-30, the Global QOL was 69.91± 23.4. Emotional Functioning showed the lowest score (65.01± 24.06). In the symptom scale, the highest score were of Fatigue, Insomnia, Loss of Appetite and Pain. Financial Difficulties (48.33±34.28) were faced by the patients due to medical treatment. In EORTC QLQ BR-23, score of sexual enjoyment (46.48±31.52) was lowest and Hair Loss (38.44±24.81) was the most affected symptom. The study concluded that post-operative women in rural region from Maharashtra had low emotional functioning, less sexual enjoyment and faced financial difficulties due to medical treatment. Participants were most affected by hair loss symptom.

1 tables, 19 ref

042318   ASGAONKAR B, GHUGARE N T (Physiotherapy School and center TNMC and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai Central) : The relationship between emotional status, pain, severity of osteoarthritis on radiograph and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 55-61.

By 2050, India’s 60 and older population is expected to encompass 323 million people, a number greater than the total US population in 2012 Osteoarthritis is the growing cause of social and economic burden to our aging society. It has been seen psychosocial status of patient with osteoarthritis have an impact on pain, functional ability and quality of life. The emotional status of osteoarthritis patient can have poor outcome on his/her Quality of life making the person disabled in their activities and functions. The majority of osteoarthritis pharmacological and rehabilitation treatments are geared toward alleviating pain due to disease severity in the joint; therefore, it appears important to optimize treatment for people who have pain beyond peripheral sources. This study will help to understand the association of emotional status, pain, radiographic severity and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis so that a more holistic approach will be developed towards osteoarthritis. Study design was a cross sectional observational study. 100 subjects were assessed in the study. Participants were included in the study after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. All subjects were evaluated according to the assessment proforma for the following Pain on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Positive And Negative Affect Scale and Knee function on Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The findings of this study suggest an association between emotional status and pain, emotional status and quality of life. But no association is seen between emotional status and Kellgren Lawrence Scale.

21 ref

042317   MOTIMATH B, KOYANDE S (KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, Email: skoyande95@gmail.com) : Effect of wobble board exercises on star excursion balance test in athletes of belagavi- An experimental study. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 49-54.

In every sporting activity, balance is important, be it static or dynamic. Balance training is a part of training sessions in sports so as to reduce the risk of injuries. Wobble board has shown effective results on decreasing the risk of falls and injuries. The study was a single group pre-post experimental design in which 32 athletes were included. The star excursion balance test was measured before and after the protocol. Wobble board training was given to the athletes for a period of 3 weeks with 3 sessions per week on alternate days. The results showed significant increase in the reach distances of SEBT scores at p<0.001. The present experimental study concluded that the three week wobble board training was effective in increasing dynamic balance in all 8 directions of the SEBT scores.

1 table, 12 ref

042316   NIHARIKA B, SIDHARTH D (SRET coll of physiotherapy, Andhra Pradesh, Email: sidharthdara@gmail.com) : Documented physiotherapeutic approach in post corrective osteotomy procedure for gunstock deformity caused by old supracondylar fracture malunion. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 43-8.

Physiotherapeutic intervention in a phasic manner has been in practice after orthopedic surgeries .graded physiotherapy has a great value in reducing post surgical inflammation pain and improving mobility .this work is done towards presenting the data regarding post surgical condition of corrective osteotomy for cubital varus on left side^[7] the treatment techniques were choosen on the basis of phasic evaluation and post treatment evaluation was done in order to check the prognosis in terms of inflammation^[8], pain and ROM .several exercise therapeutic techniques and electro therapeutic techniques have been selected periodically on a basis of pre- treatment assessment. In this data presentation electro therapeutic techniques like,faradism under tension^[1] for correction of deformity, TENS,ULTRA SOUND ^[23], PARAFFIN WAX BATH (pain relief and extensibility)where the treatment modalities selected. Treatment techniques were selected based on the evaluation in every particular session. . faradism under tension ^[1],Paraffin wax bath, TENS^[23] ,muscle energy techniques^[17], cyriax deep friction massage^[2] and ultrasound therapy ^[23]modalities were used selectively. Faradism under tension ,Paraffin wax bath, TENS ,muscle energy techniques, cyriax deep friction massage and ultrasound therapy modalities were used selectively with range of movement exercise in four phases and evaluation was done in every session. each phase was of 3 days at the end of 12 days re evaluation was done and found that there was a marked decrease in pain, inflammation^[9] and increased range of motion. After the selective physiotherapy approaches there was reduction of pain,oedema and range of motion was improved. graded physiotherapeutic intervention is important to most of the orthopedic post operative conditions in reducing pain, decreasing inflammation, increasing mobility^[4].

5 illus, 23 ref

042315   AYSHATH MUNAZILA C M, SHIRIN SHAHANA K M, RAJAN M, SANDEEP K R , BABA M R (Yenepoya Deemed to be Univ Deralakatte- Mangalore, Karnataka, Email: mudasirrashid@yenepoya.edu.in) : Prevalence of foot and ankle pain among housekeeping staffs – A cross sectional study. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 37-42.

Any kind of pain or uneasiness in the ankle or foot is referred as ankle and foot pain. The housekeeping workers habitually suffer from various musculoskeletal disorders due to many of the tasks which are repetitive in nature. Foot and ankle pain is the most significant problem faced in daily work in wide range of population among hospital cleaning staff. Thus the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of foot and ankle pain among housekeeping staffs. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of foot and ankle pain among housekeeping staffs. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Method: Ninety six (n=96) participants who had an experience in housekeeping department for at least 6 months were included in the study. The participants were selected through convenience sampling technique. Each participants BMI was calculated. Standardized Foot and Ankle Outcome Questionnaire developed by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons was used to collect the data purely on voluntarily basis. Result: Out of the (n=96) participants, 89 were females (92.7 %) and 7 were males (7.3 %). Majority of the housekeeping staffs had difficulty to walk on uneven surface with the prevalence of 64.5 %. This study concluded that the prevalence of foot and ankle pain that interfered with their normal life was 23.9 %.Conclusion: A relationship was evidenced with mild symptoms of foot and ankle pain and reduced health related quality of life associated with uneven surfaces in the working environment.

1 illus, 5 tables, 38 ref

042314   GAIKWAD A J, KANASE S B (Neurosciences Dep, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be Univ, Karad, Maharashtra, Email: drsurajkanase7@gmail.com) : Effect of structured bladder training in urinary incontinence. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 30-6.

Urinary incontinence is considered a very distressing condition affecting multiple domains of human life i.e. social, physical, psychological, occupational, domestic, and sexual aspects experienced by all ages. However, only pathophysiology varies according to each condition, and therefore demanding different therapeutic approaches according to the mechanism of urine loss. This study was designed to find out the effect of structured bladder training in urinary incontinence. To find out effect of conventional bladder training in urinary incontinence. To compare the effect between two on the basis of demographic variables. This was an experimental study with the total of 28 spinal cord injury patients who had urinary incontinence were selected with random allocation from the Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad in this study. Their ages were 20 years and above according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prior consent was taken. They were divided into two groups: group A and group B. Group A received conventional therapy and group B received structured bladder training with conventional training. Pre assessment was taken prior to the treatment. These subjects were treated for 4 weeks, 3 days per week, 30 – 45 min. After 4 weeks the post treatment assessment was taken. The outcome measures were included King’s Health Questionnaire and 1 hour Pad Test. The obtained results showed a statistically highly significant improvement (p < 0.0001) noted in the urinary incontinence in spinal cord injury patients. It was concluded that structured bladder training was effective in controlling urinary incontinence secondary to spinal cord injury.

6 tables, 14 ref

042313   YAGNIK A, CHINTAMANI R (Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Dep, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be Univ, Karad-415 110, Maharashtra, Email: radds2009@gmail.com) : Effect of backward walking in subjects with mechanical neck pain. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 23-9.

Population based studies showed that a lifetime prevalence of neck pain was 70% and a point prevalence was between 12-34%. Most common causes of neck pain include:- myogenic positional faults, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, ankylosing spondylitis, fractures, torticollis, paget’s disease, neurogenic causes as well as soft tissue injuries, vertebral tumor. Backward walking has shown potential benefits in lengthening of posterior muscular chain and stretching the posterior myofascial. There is greater amount of hip extension and knee flexion in backward walking as compared to forward walking. As there is greater amount of hip extension, there occurs greater amount of extension of lumbar spine which loads up the facet joint opening up the disc space. The unloading of the discs occurred may lead to reduction in the pain. To study the effect of backward walking in subjects with mechanical neck pain. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. 38 subjects were selected between the age group 20 to 40 years suffering from mechanical neck pain from 1 month. Male and female subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre values of numeric pain rating scale and cervical lordotic index were taken. Study was carried out for 5 days for 1 week. Post data analysis was note and data analysis was done. A statistical analysis using paired t test within the group comparison was done and conclusions was estimated. Result found from analysis was significant. There was a reduction in pain status and cervical curve between the values of pre study and post study. Hence, this study concludes that there is effectiveness in backward walking in subjects with mechanical neck pain. 

1 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

042312   AGGARWAL A, ABRAHAMB B, PALEKAR T J (Dr. D.Y. Patil Coll of Physiotherapy, Pimpri, Pune – 411 018, Email: amita15pgi@gmail.com) : Upper limb fitness testing in gymnasium going people. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 19-22.

Fitness is important for all. To reduce the incidence of injuries in the gymnasium going people, especially in weight lifters, proper training should be given. For giving proper training, proper musculoskeletal assessment is required. This study is an effort to access various components of fitness in young gym going people. 50 gymnasium going males with minimum 3 months of gymnasium training and age 18-24 years participated in present observational study.Upper limb muscular strength and muscular endurance were recorded using bench press and push up test. Also for flexibility grading, shoulder wrist elevation test was done. For upper limb maximum participants have shown good muscular strength and above average muscular endurance though flexibility was found average only. The general muscular fitness was seen in the average category in young gym going people.

3 illus, 18 ref

042311   AGGARWAL A, DANIEL J, PALEKAR T J (Dr. D.Y. Patil Coll of Physiotherapy, Pimpri, Pune – 411 018, Email: amita15pgi@gmail.com) : Prevalence of myofascial trigger points in brachioradialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, supinator and extensor carpi radialis brevis in lateral epicondylitis. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 14-8.

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a myalgic condition in which muscle and musculotendinous pain are the primary symptoms. Some muscles are likely to develop Myofascial trigger points in cases of lateral epicondylitis and become possible cause of mainstay of symptoms. Hence the study was undertaken to find the prevalence of myofascial trigger points in such muscles. 40 individuals aged between 20-50 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study with acute and chronic lateral epicondylitis. Brachioradialis, Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Supinator and Extensor carpi radialis brevis were checked for the presence of trigger point by palpation. Pressure algometer was used to check the pain threshold of each point. When the subject reports feeling pain the action of pressure is stopped and reading is recorded. Results showed a higher prevalence in females than males. The most prevalent area for trigger point was the brachioradialis followed by biceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii and the least prevalent was the supinator. This study provides that the relation between myofascial trigger points in lateral epicondylitis is relatively high especially in Brachioradialis, It also shows that latent trigger points don’t lead to severe functional disability.

8 ref

042310   NALAWAD A A, PATIL P H (Physiotherapy Dep, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be Univ Karad, Maharashtra) : Comparison between surged faradic current and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on myofascial trigger points in trapezius. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 7-13.

To find out the effect of surged faradic current and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on myofascial trigger points in trapezius. The study was conducted in clinically diagnosed subjects with myofascial trigger points present in trapezius with age group 18-25 years. Total 34 subjects were include in the study .They were randomly devided into the two groups each consisting of 17 subjects .Group A include the subjects who received Transcutaneous electrical stimulation and phonoporeis and Group B include the subjects who received surged faradic current and phonophoresis .Pre treatment outcome measures were visual analogue scale, Cervical range of motion and palpation of myofascial trigger points present in the trapezius. The specific protocol was given to the patients for 2 weeks for 4 days .At the end of the 2 weeks, past treatment outcome measures were performed for range of motion and pain. Paired T-test was used to analyse within the group statistical analysis and unpaired t test used for between the group statistical analysis and sees the result. Paired t-test was used to analyze the comparison between surged faradic current and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on mayofacial trigger points in trapezius. There result was extremely significant for group A and group B. Between the group comparison the unpaired t-test was used to analyze group A and group B post treatment values and there was significant difference between outcome variables in VAS, ROM and Palpation . From this conducted study it concluded that, patient who treated with surged faradic current and phonophoresis had significant improvement clinically and statistically and improved in Range of Motion (ROM), Visual analogue scale and showed reduction in myofascial trigger points with palpation. So, this study accepts the alternate hypothesis

6 tables, 10 ref

042309   PARMAR A S, BALSAR P H, JAYWANT S S (okmanya Tilak Municipal Medical Coll & General Hospital, Sion (West), Mumbai) : Difference between learning style preferences among second year MBBS and second year engineering students from metropolitan city. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2020, 14(1), 1-6.

The manner in which a student learns is considered his or her learning style. Mismatches between teaching styles and students’ learning styles can cause students to become inattentive and unproductive. Teaching methods also vary with some tutors lecturing. Since students have significantly different learning styles, their motivation and performance improves when instruction is adapted to suit their preferences. This study aims to analyze the learning preferences among MBBS and Engineering students of Mumbai. The study was conducted among 2nd year medical students (group 1, n=50) and 2nd year Engineering students (group 2, n=50), from various colleges in Mumbai. After obtaining informed consent, the students were instructed to fill the “Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire” by Felder and Solomon. The questionnaire assesses preferences on four dimensions: Processing (active/reflective), Perception (sensing/intuitive), Input (visual/verbal) and Comprehension (sequential/global). The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In group 1, there were 23 (46 %) males and 27 (30 %) females. In group 2, there were 35 (70 %) males and 15 (30 %) females. In Group 1 (MBBS), there were more Reflective learners (52 %) in Procession dimension, Sensory learners (64 %) in the Perception dimension, Visual learners (90 %) in Input dimension, Sequential learners (54 %) in Comprehension dimension. In group 2 (Engineering), there were more Active learners (58 %) in Procession dimension, Sensory learners (62 %) in the Perception dimension, Visual learners (88 %) in Input dimension, Sequential learners (60 %) in Comprehension dimension. It was concluded that the learning style preferences among MBBS and Engineering students is same. Students must analyze the skills required for understanding particular subject and change the learning style consciously. Similarly, teachers can be advised to be more self-reflective and understanding about the role of learning styles and this can help in making teaching more rewarding.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref