ISA

Effect of ethanolic extracts of Tribulus terrestris, Phyllanthus niruri and combination on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats

GUPTA D, DUBEY P K

Effect of KOROPASS, an extruded jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)-derived supplement, on productivity and economic performance of beef cattle

PRASETIYONO B W H E, SUBRATA A, WIDIYANTO W

045695 PRASETIYONO B W H E, SUBRATA A, WIDIYANTO W (Animal Science Dep, Diponegoro Univ, Central Java, Indonesia, Email: bambangwhep@ymail.com) : Effect of KOROPASS, an extruded jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis)-derived supplement, on productivity and economic performance of beef cattle. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 593-6.

This study evaluated the effect of feeding a graded amount of extruded jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) on nutritional status, production performances, and economic performance of beef cattle. The supplement called “KOROPASS” was prepared from the extruded jack bean (according to the extrusion heating process). Sixteen male Friesian-Holstein crossbred cattle were divided into four groups and fed on KOROPASS as per the regimen: R0 (total mixed ration [TMR] without KOROPASS), R1 (TMR supplemented with 3 % KOROPASS), R2 (TMR supplemented with 6 % KOROPASS), and R3 (TMR supplemented with 9 % KOROPASS). The in vivo experiment lasted 44 days. TMR contained 12 % crude protein and 60 % total digestible nutrient. The consumption and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and total protein (TP), feed efficiency, average daily gain, and income over feed cost (IOFC) were evaluated. KOROPASS supplementation significantly increased (p<0.05) beef cattle consumption of DM (from 7.83 [R0 ] to 8.33 [R1 ], 8.91 [R2 ], and 9.69 kg/day [R3 ]), OM (from 6.72 to 7.17, 7.69, and 8.38 kg/day, respectively), and TP (from 892 to 1020, 1182, and 1406 g/day, respectively). The elevated levels of KOROPASS significantly increased (p<0.05) digestibility in terms of the levels of DM (from 42.9 [R0 ] to 50.6 [R1 ], 58.0 [R2 ], and 63.6 % [R3 ]), OM (from 54.3 to 59.6, 66.3, and 70.6 %, respectively), and TP (from 65.0 to 67.1, 75.0, and 80.7 %, respectively). Dietary supplementation of KOROPASS significantly increased (p<0.05) metabolizable protein, average daily weight gain, and feed efficiency of beef cattle. Finally, dietary KOROPASS supplementation, especially at 9 %, resulted in the highest (p<0.05) IOFC value of beef cattle. Dietary supplementation of KOROPASS improved feed utility, as reflected by the increase in consumption and digestibility of DM, OM, and TP. Further, KOROPASS supplementation improved feed efficiency, growth, and economic performance of beef cattle. The findings indicate the potential value of KOROPASS as a feed supplement for beef cattle.

2 tables, 18 ref

A method to enhance solubility and tableting properties by particle size enlargement-crystallo-co-agglomeration

AGRAWAL A, JAIN S D, SHUKLA P, GUPTA A K

In vitro evaluation of graded level of Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) oil on methane production, fermentation characteristics, and protozoal populations

THIRUMALAISAMY G, MALIK P K, KOLTE A P, BHATTA R

045694 THIRUMALAISAMY G, MALIK P K, KOLTE A P, BHATTA R (ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, Email: nutritionthirumalai@gmail.com) : In vitro evaluation of graded level of Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) oil on methane production, fermentation characteristics, and protozoal populations. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 586-92.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of variable levels of silkworm pupae oil and roughage: concentrate ratio on in vitro methane production, fermentation characteristics, and rumen protozoa population. In vitro gas production study (24 h) was performed with graded levels of silkworm pupae oil, namely, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 5 % of the basal diet and four variable dietary regimes consisting roughage and concentrate in different proportions (70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). At the end of incubation, gas samples were analyzed for methane, while fermented rumen liquor was used for protozoa enumeration. A separate set of incubations was carried out for the determination of in vitro dry matter digestibility. Results from the in vitro studies revealed no adverse impact of the silkworm pupae oil supplementation up to 2 % level on total gas production. However, supplementation beyond 2 % has shown a reduction in total gas production. Incubation with variable levels (0.5-5 %) of silkworm pupae oil with different dietary regimes indicated negligible (3-5 %) to a substantial reduction (25-30 %) on methane production. A graded decrement in methane production was recorded with increasing levels of silkworm pupae oil. Similarly, the protozoal populations were decreased from 10 to 51.5 % with graded levels of silkworm pupae oil in different dietary regimes as studies did not reveal any significant (p>0.05) variation between 2 and 4 % of oil supplementation. The silkworm pupae oil supplementation at 2 % level decreases methane production by 12-15 % without any adverse impact on feed fermentation. Oil supplementation may have a more pronounced effect on methane reduction if added to high roughage diet at in vitro conditions. However, in vivo, studies in ruminants are warranted to confirm the methane reduction with silkworm pupae oil supplementation.

7 tables, 36 ref

Babesia canis spp. in dogs in Baghdad Province, Iraq: First molecular identification and clinical and epidemiological study

BADAWI N M, YOUSIF A A

045693 BADAWI N M, YOUSIF A A (Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: naseir.badawi78@gmail.com) : Babesia canis spp. in dogs in Baghdad Province, Iraq: First molecular identification and clinical and epidemiological study. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 579-85.

The aim of this study was to investigate babesiosis in dogs of different breeds and ages and of both sexes in Baghdad Province by molecular detection of Babesia canis using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing followed by phylogenetic analyses. Blood samples were collected from 310 dogs of different ages and breeds, and of both sexes in different areas of Baghdad Province from December 2018 to September 2019; during clinical examinations, body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and signs of diseases were recorded. PCR was used to amplify a specific 450-bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of B. canis. PCR products were sequenced, and MEGA 6.0 software was used for analysis. Chi-square and odds ratio tests were used to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of babesiosis. Clinical signs of babesiosis included paleness or icterus of the mucus membranes, tick infestation, and febrile illness during the acute and subacute phase. The prevalence of infection with B. canis was 5.1 %, with the higher prevalence in male dogs and in dogs <3 years of age. Huskies were more likely to be infected than other dogs. Infection prevalence was highest in April and June and was higher in spring and summer than in winter. Using sequence data, 14 isolates of Babesia canis canis and one isolate of each Babesia canis rossi and Babesia canis vogeli were identified. Phylogenetic analyses of B. canis canis revealed that three shared clades and several isolated lineages were similar to other isolates (97-99 % similarity), whereas B. canis vogeli and B. canis rossi showed similarities of 98 % and 99 % with isolates from other geographical regions. This study provides the first molecular record and phylogenic analysis of B. canis in dogs in Iraq, and it will be valuable for confirming clinical signs and studying epidemiological risk factors of babesiosis in dogs.

4 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

Formulation and evaluation of dexlansoprazole floating tablets

SONTALE R, KOSHTA A, MULEY P, MALVIYA S, KHARIA A

Univariate associations between housing, management, and facility design factors and the prevalence of lameness lesions in fourteen small-scale dairy farms in Northeastern Algeria

DENDANI-CHADI Z, SAIDANI K, DIB L, ZEROUAL F, SAMMAR F, BENAKHLA A

045692 DENDANI-CHADI Z, SAIDANI K, DIB L, ZEROUAL F, SAMMAR F, BENAKHLA A (Veterinary Medicine Dep, Chadli Bendjedid Univ, Tarf- 36000, Algeria, Email: z.dendani@hotmail.fr) : Univariate associations between housing, management, and facility design factors and the prevalence of lameness lesions in fourteen small-scale dairy farms in Northeastern Algeria. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 570-8.

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associations between different types of housing, management, and facilities on the prevalence of lame, causing lesions in smallholder dairy farms in Algeria. The on-site investigation took place between December 2012 and May 2015. All cows were locomotion scored on a four-point scale, and foot lesions causing lame were diagnosed and recorded. Factors related to the farm and the cows’ conditions were also assessed. The association between the possible risk factors and lame lesions was assessed using univariate analysis. Of the 349 cows evaluated, 13 % were lame (lameness score ≥2), with higher lameness values recorded for the hind feet than for the forefeet. Cows without lameness were classified as healthy. The two most frequent lesion diagnoses observed in lame cows were interdigital dermatitis/heel horn erosion (ID/HE; 39 %) and interdigital phlegmon (IP; 35 %), followed by traumatic lesions (T; 11 %), digital dermatitis (DD; 8.7 %), and laminitis-related diseases (L; 6.5 %). The risk of being lame was increased in large herds with cows of the Holstein breed, and those in the third parity and above. Tie housing, concrete floor, concentrate feeding, zero-grazing, and the use of foot trimming occasionally were associated with increased risk for the presence of lame lesions. The region and footbathing frequency had no association with the prevalence of lame lesions (p≥0.05). These results have important implications; they indicate that several aspects of housing, management, and facility design are common protective factors for the prevalence of lame lesions. These factors should be maintained correctly to not only reduce the number of lame cows in these herds but also decrease the direct and indirect costs associated with cases of lameness.

3 tables, 59 ref

Lower urinary tract lithiasis of cats in Algeria: Clinical and epidemiologic features

REMICHI H, HANI F A, REBOUH M, BENMOHAND C, ZENAD W, BOUDJELLABA S

045691 REMICHI H, HANI F A, REBOUH M, BENMOHAND C, ZENAD W, BOUDJELLABA S (Canine Medicine and General Surgery Dep, Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers, Algeria, Email: h.remichi@ensv.dz) : Lower urinary tract lithiasis of cats in Algeria: Clinical and epidemiologic features. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 563-9.

This study aims to describe the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of urolithiasis of the lower urinary tract and to determine the main risk factors involved in the occurrence of urinary lithiasis in cats in Algeria from 2016 to 2018. During the study period, 465 cats were examined and 32 cases of urolithiases were selected and investigated by conducting physical examinations, blood analyses, urinalysis, X-ray radiography, and ultrasonography. Parameters such as breed, age, or sex were studied and reported in a farm return to analyze risk factors involved in the formation of lower urinary urolithiasis.The most clinically relevant symptoms of urolithiasis observed in cats were dysuria, pollakiuria, hematuria, and stranguria. Urinalysis and blood analysis revealed a significant presence of urinary crystals and acute kidney failure in nine cats. The ultrasonography and radiography confirmed the diagnosis of urolithiasis with the incidence of 43.75 % and 31.25 %, respectively. The lower urinary tract urolithiasis appeared to be more frequent in European and Siamese cats. In addition, cats aged between 4 and 8 years old were the most affected. Male cats (87.50%) were more affected than female cats. Finally, the lower urinary tract urolithiasis was more frequent in cats consuming the commercial pet food, previously castrated, and confined inside the house. Complete clinical assessments, in addition to complementary examinations, are necessary and beneficial in treating the animal and preventing possible complications. Whether the choice of therapy is surgical or treatment with drugs, it is crucial to understand that the elimination of the stone is not an end, but the beginning of a series of investigations. Because of their impact on both the formation and elimination of metabolites, it has been found that factors, such as race, gender, age, diet, and lifestyle, should be considered as potential risk factors for urolithiasis.

7 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

Synthesis and characterization of silver nano particles from Semecarpus Anacardium seeds

KAVYA K, MOHAN G K , SRIVANI A, RAVULA S K

Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity on plant extract

JANNAPUREDDY S

Auditing as a management tool in pharmaceutical companies

KANNAN S, MORAIS S R, PREMA S,CHITRA K

Protamine and other proteins in sperm and seminal plasma as molecular markers of bull fertility

PARDEDE B P, AGIL M, SUPRIATNA I

The influence of electromagnetic radiation of cell phones on the behavior of animals

TESFAYE Y, KHAN F, SULTANGALIYEVA G I, BEISENOVA R, TAZITDINOVA R, ABZHALELOV A, KHANTURIN M

045690 TESFAYE Y, KHAN F, SULTANGALIYEVA G I, BEISENOVA R, TAZITDINOVA R, ABZHALELOV A, KHANTURIN M (Management and Engineering in the Field of Environmental Protection De, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National Univ, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Email: in211187@mail.ru) : The influence of electromagnetic radiation of cell phones on the behavior of animals. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 549-55.

The radiation emitted from cell phones has various deleterious effects on human health. The article considers the problem of the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of cell phones on the behavior of animals. The use of mobile phones is continually increasing throughout the world. All of the world population uses mobile phones widely; thus, having strong and daily effect on the brain. There is no restriction on the use of mobile phones. Getting more advantages and convenience of mobile communication, the population is trying not to hear the information about possible risks to their health, there is no element of self-restraint. The aim of this work was to study behavioral patterns in response to the influence of cell phones. The experiments were carried out on 90 white outbred rats weighing 250-300 g. Experiments were carried out and the effect of EMR from Samsung Galaxy J1 mini and Xiaomi Redmi S2 phones on animal behavior was studied. Behavioral reactions were studied using the open field method.

By the quality of the act of locomotion in the second experimental group is reduced by 30% and also in this oup by the time of the act is 23 % lower than in the control data. Vertical motor activity, a support stand, is also suppressed in the second experimental group: 61 % lower in number and 47.2 % lower in act time compared to the control group. Based on the data, we can conclude that the EMR of the phone Samsung Galaxy J1 Mini affects the behavior of animals to a greater extent than Xiaomi Redmi S2. By the frequency of the act, sniffing is 26 % lower; by the time of the act, it remained at the level of control data in the second group. In the third group of the animals, the number and time of the act are 15 % lower than the control data. The support stands as an indicator of research activity. In the second group the act of stand with support – by number was lower by 57 % than the control data, this indicates that research activity is being suppressed. According to the above changes under the action of EMR from the Samsung Galaxy J1 Mini and Xiaomi Redmi S2 phones, the motor component of behavior is suppressed. The research component of behavior in all groups of animals is enhanced due to high rates of sniffing. It is possible that in animals under stress, the motivation to interact with the environment decreases, leading to an excessive self-accentuation of the animal.

5 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of itraconazole and terbinafine in bulk and tablet dosage forms

SHIVARANJANI K, SWAMY D K

Recapitulation of modernize medical devices and market-oriented economies in United Kingdom

ADURTHI J S D , YETUKURI K, NADENDLA R

A prospective study of drug approval process in european union via centralised procedure (From 2015-2018)

SRI B N , SINDHU P S, KOUSHIK Y, RAMARAO N

Prospective observational study of common organisms causing neonatal sepsis and its antibiotic sensitivity in sick neonatal care unit, Tiruppur

KUMAR R D , GEORGE P J, RESHNA V , ANIL S T, DHANABAL P, GANESAN V

044239 KUMAR R D , GEORGE P J, RESHNA V , ANIL S T, DHANABAL P, GANESAN V (Pharmacy Practice Dep, The Erode College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, Erode, Tamil Nadu, Email: kanishk.kala@gmail.com) : Prospective observational study of common organisms causing neonatal sepsis and its antibiotic sensitivity in sick neonatal care unit, Tiruppur. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2020, 10(1), 185-94.

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment among neonates. It contributes to nearly 30 % of neonatal deaths in developing countries. Increased prevalence of extended spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBLS) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains is a cause of concern in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) worldwide. To identify most common organism causing sepsis and also to analyse the most sensitive antibiotics against specific microorganism and to compare the different organism with different antibiotic sensitivities. The study is based on a prospective analysis of all cases admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Govt. Head Quarters Hospital Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu. The study was carried out from February to August 2019. In our study out of 50 patients studied, Gram-negative organisms were isolated in 30 cases (60 %), Gram-positive in 20 cases (40 %). The most gram-negative organism which caused neonatal sepsis was Klebsiella Pneumonia 9 cases (45 %) and of gram-positive organism was Staphylococcus Spp 10cases (50 %). Amikacin and meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic active against gram positive and gram-negative microorganisms respectively. Blood culture is the gold standard in diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septicaemia. Multiple antibiotic resistances among neonatal sepsis are currently one of the greatest challenges to the effective management of infections. Therefore, we suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is necessary.

9 illus, 8 tables, 23 ref

The effect of crude guava leaf tannins on motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of stored spermatozoa of Etawa crossbred goats

WURLINA W, HARIADI M, SAFITRI E , SUSILOWATI S, MELES D K

045688 WURLINA W, HARIADI M, SAFITRI E , SUSILOWATI S, MELES D K (Veterinary Reproduction Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya- 60115, Indonesia, Email: wurlina_made@yahoo.co.id) : The effect of crude guava leaf tannins on motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of stored spermatozoa of Etawa crossbred goats. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 530-7.

The aim of this study was to know crude guava leaf tannins effect on motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of stored spermatozoa of Etawa crossbred goats. Macroscopic assessment of normal Etawa crossbred semen was followed by dilution with a glucose solution at a 1:10 ratio to increase volume. The diluted semen was treated by adding crude guava leaf tannins into 1 ml of the semen glucose diluent, and five treatments were obtained, namely, control group (C), with no added tannins; treatment Group 1 (T1), with 3 %; treatment Group 2 (T2), with 6 % tannins; treatment Group 3 (T3), with 12 % tannins; and treatment Group 4 (T4), with 24 % tannins. Each treatment used five replications. Then, microscopic analysis of the treated and control semen was carried out after 15 days of storage at 4-5°C temperature. The parameters observed were motility, pH, viability, abnormality, and intact spermatozoa plasma membrane. The spermatozoa motility in Group C was the highest (76.60±1.47). The motility in Group T1 did not differ from that in Group C, but was different and higher than that in Groups T2, T3, and T4. The pH of Group C tended to be acidic after 15 days of storage (4.78±0.01) as compared to the initial pH of fresh semen (6.76±0.12). The pH in Group C did not differ from that in the Groups T1 and T2, but differed from that in the T3 and T4 groups; the pH in the T3 and T4 groups was similar. The viability of spermatozoa in the T1 group was higher than that in all treatments (64.60±2.76); the lowest values were found in Group C (28.94±1.02). Group C had the lowest number of normal spermatozoa, with a mean of 72.58±3.48. The total number of abnormalities in the T2 group did not differ from those in the T3 group, and abnormalities in the T4 group did not differ from those in Group C, which exhibited the highest abnormalities in the head, neck, and tail. The most significant decrease was observed in the intact plasma membrane of spermatozoa on addition of 12 % and 24 % crude guava leaf tannin in glucose diluents. The addition of 3 % crude guava leaf tannin to crossbred Etawa goat semen diluted with glucose diluent and stored for 15 days at 4-5 °C resulted in a significant effect on spermatozoa motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane, whereas the administration of 24 % crude guava leaf tannin resulted in low live percentage of spermatozoa.

2 illus, 6 tables, 31 ref

In silico study on inhibitory effect of different flavonoids on ERBB2 protein involved in breast cancer

SURESHKUMAR Y R, DEEPIKA S, YAGNIK B

Comparative study of natural antimicrobial activity on fruits and vegetables against Pseudomonas monteilii, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659

PATEL B N, PATEL V S, MAHAMMAD M S, KALWANI T D, KHANCHANDANI N

Diagnostic evaluation of a point-of-care test for culture and microbial susceptibility testing in canine dermatological infections in clinical practice

PEREGO R, SPADA E, MARTINO P A, PROVERBIO D

045687 PEREGO R, SPADA E, MARTINO P A, PROVERBIO D (Veterinary Medicine Dep, Milan Univ, Lodi- 26900, Italy, Email: roberta.perego@unimi.it) : Diagnostic evaluation of a point-of-care test for culture and microbial susceptibility testing in canine dermatological infections in clinical practice. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 521-9.

Empirical antimicrobial therapy is frequently given in superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) and otitis externa (OE) in dogs, especially for the initial clinical presentation. Culture and subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are generally limited to chronic cases with poor response to initial therapy. Several factors contribute to the failure to implement the use of AST in veterinary practice, i.e., long laboratory turnaround time or special requirements for sample shipping. Point-of-care (PoC) testing might reduce laboratory turnaround time and costs and the risk of emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated the Speed Biogram™ PoC test in canine SBF and OE compared with conventional methods for culture and AST. Thirty-four canine samples were analyzed: eleven from SBF, seven from bacterial OE, four from mixed OE, six from Malassezia spp. OE, and six negative controls. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the PoC test and the agreement between the PoC test and conventional methods were evaluated. Se and Sp of PoC test in discriminating between healthy and unhealthy subjects were 100 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 87.66-100.00) and 100 % (95 % CI 54.1-100.0), respectively. For bacterial identification, the k value was 0.532. Se and Sp of PoC tests for AST were 81.73 % (95 % CI 72.95-88.63) and 93.10 % (95 % CI 88.86-96.98), respectively with a total good agreement between tests (mean k=0.714), but major (8/27) and very major (19/27) errors were observed in 55 % of bacterial conventional culture-positive samples. PoC test can identify dogs with SBF and OE, but AST is not sufficiently accurate. The lack of susceptibility testing for methicillin makes this test inappropriate for use in small animal practice.

2 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

Acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile in BALB/c mice

ARWATI H, HAPSARI W T, WARDHANI K A, AINI K N, BAHALWAN R R, WARDHANI P, SANDHIKA W

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity assessment of Channa striatus (Haruan) extract

MAT ZAWAWI N Z, SHAARI R, NORDIN M L, HAMDAN R H, PENG T L, SALMA C W, ZALATI C W

045685 MAT ZAWAWI N Z, SHAARI R, NORDIN M L, HAMDAN R H, PENG T L, SALMA C W, ZALATI C W (Clinical Studies Dep, Malaysia Kelantan Univ, Kelantan, Malaysia, Email: rumaizi@umk.edu.my) : Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity assessment of Channa striatus (Haruan) extract. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 508-14.

Channa striatus extract, a freshwater snakehead fish known as Haruan, is popular in Southeast Asia for consumption and as a traditional therapeutic remedy for wound healing. C. striatus is also used in osteoarthritic for its anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibacterial properties of C. striatus extract against oral bacteria and to investigate the cytotoxic activity against Vero cells. The authors prepared C. striatus extract in chloroform-methanol solvents. Next, the authors took subgingival microbiological samples from 16 cats that had periodontal disease. The authors determined the antibacterial properties of C. striatus extract against the isolated bacteria using the disk diffusion method and a broth microdilution-based resazurin microtiter assay. Finally, the authors used the Vero cell line to evaluate the cytotoxic activity, and they assessed the cell availability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT) assay. Results: The results showed weak antibacterial activity of C. striatus extract against Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli. In addition, the authors found that minimum inhibition concentration values ranged between 400 and 500 mg/mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged between 650 and 550 mg/mL. However, the cytotoxic results were promising, showing that C. striatus extract increased the cell viability and growth when it was at a higher concentration. The extract also promotes growth and cell proliferation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that C. striatus extract promoted cell proliferation in vitro and could be a plausible therapeutic wound healing alternative for periodontal disease in cats.

2 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

Molecular and cellular evidence of natural Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection in frugivorous bats in Colombia

GUZMÁN C, CALDERÓN A, OVIEDO T, MATTAR S, CASTAÑEDA J, RODRIGUEZ V, FIGUEIREDO L M

045683 GUZMÁN C, CALDERÓN A, OVIEDO T, MATTAR S, CASTAÑEDA J, RODRIGUEZ V, FIGUEIREDO L M (Pharmacy Dep, Córdoba Univ, Colombia, Email: mattarsalim@hotmail.com) : Molecular and cellular evidence of natural Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection in frugivorous bats in Colombia. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 495-501.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an alphavirus that causes encephalitis with a high impact on public health in Latin America. However, only in Guatemala, Trinidad and Tobago, and Mexico have found antibodies in VEEV in bats, using immunohistochemistry, the sensitivity and specificity are improved; thus, it is better for demonstrating natural infection in bats as potential hosts. This study aimed to determine the presence of VEEV in tissues of frugivorous bats. A prospective descriptive cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sampling was carried out in 12 localities of Córdoba and Sucre area of the Colombian Caribbean. Two hundred and eighty-six bats were captured using fog nets, and the specimens according to taxonomic keys were classified. According to the Ethics Committee of the University of Córdoba, the bats were treated with analgesics and anesthetics. Blood samples were taken and then euthanized to obtain tissues and organs which were preserved in liquid N2 at −196 °C. A portion of each organ was fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for the detection of antigens by immunohistochemistry. Several pathological anatomy analyses were performed to determine the histological characteristics of tissue lesions of frugivorous bats naturally infected with the VEEV. Of the 286 bats captured, 23 species were identified. In samples of the brain, spleen, and lung of two frugivorous bats (2/286=0.70 %) Artibeus planirostris and Sturnira lilium, the presence of VEEV was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. A fragment of the nsP4 non-structural protein gene corresponding to the alphavirus was amplified. Two samples were positive (2/286=0.70 %) in frugivorous bats; A. planirostris (code GenBank: MG820274) and S. lilium (code GenBank: MG820275). The present study showed the first molecular evidence and cellular evidence (histopathology and immunohistochemistry) of natural VEEV infection in frugivorous bats in Colombia; these bats could be a host of this zoonosis.

3 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

Formulation development and evaluation of celecoxib niosomes

REDDY M S , SWETHA B, VIJETHA A

Assessment of proportion of resistant hypertension and quality of life among patients with chronic kidney disease: A prospective study in a tertiary care centre Kerala

MUTH A S B, ANISHA D S, RAJAN A, SURENDRAN C, NEETHU J

044235 MUTH A S B, ANISHA D S, RAJAN A, SURENDRAN C, NEETHU J (Sree Krishna Coll of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Email: neeth245@gmail.com) : Assessment of proportion of resistant hypertension and quality of life among patients with chronic kidney disease: A prospective study in a tertiary care centre Kerala. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2020, 10(1), 134-43.

Aim is to assess the proportion of resistant hypertension by analyzing the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. This is a prospective observational study with a minimum sample size of 100. Data was collected from those who met the inclusion criteria after obtaining a written informed consent. BP readings and list of antihypertensive prescribed was recorded and the patients were assessed for their blood pressure control. A proper counseling on diet and lifestyle modification was given to each patients and they were assessed for quality of life with KDQOL questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS software program and Chisquare tests showed the level of significance with a P value of <0.05. Results-Out of 93 CKD patients selected, 40 (43 %) patients were having poly therapy, means that majority of the patients required multiple drug therapy to control their blood pressure at the targeted level. The percentage distribution of drugs was showed that Diuretics were the most prescribed class of drugs comprises 86 %. The least prescribed one was ARBS and none of the ACE inhibitors were prescribed. 73.1% of the total population was identified as having resistant hypertension, among which 52 patients with uncontrolled blood pressure. The 10 domain analysis showed that the quality of life among CKD patients improved. General health was one among the significantly affected domains of the KDQOL and increased to an average score of 62.5±14.59 % (p=0.0015). An average score of 43.87±24.03 % was observed for emotional wellbeing and was found to be better than the General Health and it was statistically significant (p<0.018). Issues related to kidney disease had an average score of 74.02±8.35, which indicates the better QOL after counseling. As resistant hypertension is a phenomenon which remains easily undiagnosed due to under presentation and because the symptoms are not very specific, it is important to consider this disorder in patients with CKD. For patients with CKD, health education focusing on disease and need for long term treatment, also the diet and life style changes provided by the clinical pharmacist plays an important role in improving the ability to cope up with illness and health status. Pharmacists are in an ideal position to provide patient education and optimize patient care. Greater understanding about the illness and a change of diet and lifestyle would in turn results in a better therapeutic outcome.

5 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

Study of the role of stress, depression and anxiety in development of psoriasis along with morphological and biochemical changes

GROVER S C, RANI BANSAL R , KRISHNA A

044234 GROVER S C, RANI BANSAL R , KRISHNA A (Pathology Dep, Subharti Medical Coll, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drshwetagrover@gmail.com) : Study of the role of stress, depression and anxiety in development of psoriasis along with morphological and biochemical changes. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2020, 10(1), 125-33.

Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, cutaneous disease affecting about 2-3 % of the world’s population and presents as erythematous, indurated, scaly plaques over the skin with involvement of nails and joints in some cases. Although psoriasis is not a life threatening disease, but the quality of life is severely affected and there is still no curative treatment. Many patients also have associated stress, depression and anxiety related problems. To study the role of stress, anxiety and depression in development of psoriasis, to study the histopathological changes in psoriatic skin biopsies and serum serotonin levels in psoriasis. A total of 27 cases of biopsy diagnosed psoriasis cases and 27 controls were studied for clinical presentation, microscopic findings, for stress, depression and anxiety indices. The serum serotonin levels of psoriasis cases were compared with age and gender matched non-psoriatic healthy control individuals. The patient age ranged from 17 to 55 years and there was a male predominance with male to female ratio of 3.5:1. Psoriasis was more common in the fourth and fifth decades. Psoriasis vulgaris was the most common clinical presentation. Consistent biopsy findings in most of the cases were presence of parakeratosis, dilated capillaries, elongated rete ridges with blunted edges, hypogranulosis and regular acanthosis. All three indices showed mean value signifying a Moderate degree of perceived stress, depression and anxiety in psoriasis group. The difference between serum serotonin levels in the patient group and control group was highly significant. Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder affecting young to middle people and is more common in males. Psoriasis vulgaris was the most common clinical presentation. Consistent biopsy findings in most of the cases were presence of parakeratosis, dilated capillaries, elongated rete ridges with blunted edges, hypogranulosis and regular acanthosis. These patients are more likely to have mild to moderate degree of perceived stress, depression and anxiety. Many patients with psoriasis have elevated serum serotonin and are also likely to have depression. Prescription of serum serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has to be done cautiously in these patients.

7 tables, 30 ref

Clustering and spatial heterogeneity of bovine tuberculosis at the livestock/wildlife interface areas in Namwala District of Zambia

TEMBO N F P, MUMA J B, OMBE B H, MUNYEME M

045681 TEMBO N F P, MUMA J B, OMBE B H, MUNYEME M (Public Health Dep, Lusaka Univ, Lusaka, Zambia, Email: darwibnovan2020@gmail.com) : Clustering and spatial heterogeneity of bovine tuberculosis at the livestock/wildlife interface areas in Namwala District of Zambia. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 478-88.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a major public health issue in Zambia and has been exacerbated by human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and consumption of unpasteurized milk in the Southern Province of the country. The prevalence of bTB has been established to be linked to Kafue Lechwe, which act as reservoir hosts and share grazing fields with domestic cattle. No studies have so far used geographic information system (GIS) to investigate the relationship between the reservoir hosts (Kafue Lechwe) and domestic animals. This study, therefore, aimed to apply GIS to investigate the spatial distribution of bTB in Namwala District of the Southern Province of the country. To investigate the spatial distribution of bTB, geographical positioning system (GPS) coordinates representing 96 cattle herds across 20 independent villages were captured alongside risk factor data. The 96 herds were based on abattoir reports of condemned carcasses and a trace back. Positive herds were confirmed by cross-reference to purified protein derivative tests conducted by the District Veterinary Office. The GPS coordinates were transferred into ArcView 3.2 and laid on the map of Namwala District alongside physical features, including national parks, game management areas, and flood plains. Questionnaires were administered across 96 independent households to assess risk factors of bTB transmission. The results revealed a “clustered” spatial distribution of the disease in cattle in Namwala District of Zambia, particularly significant in the eastern interface areas of the district (p=0.006 using Moran’s I). Abattoir to production area trace back revealed a herd-level prevalence of 36.4 % (95 % CI=26.7-46.3 %) among cattle herds in Namwala District, whereas individual animal prevalence ranged from 0 % to 14 % (95 % CI=2.4-26.2 %). Further, GPS data indicated that the majority of the positive herds were located at the livestock/wildlife interface area. Contacts with wildlife, coupled with sharing grazing, and watering points were found to be significant risk factors for bTB transmission. This study demonstrated the presence of bTB in cattle and associated spatial risk factors. In particular, bTB was observed to be a function of animal location within the livestock/wildlife interface area. GIS is thus an applicable and important tool in studying disease distribution.

5 illus, 5 tables, 39 ref

Design and evaluation of nystatin emulgel for superficial skin infection

SOHAN R, MOHITE M T

Prediction of daily milk production from the linear body and udder morphometry in Holstein Friesian dairy cows

SOEHARSONO S, MULYATI S, UTAMA S, WURLINA W, SRIANTO P, RESTIADI T I, MUSTOFA I

Formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment containing Salacia oblonga and Curcuma longa extracts

CHAUDHARI R G, BARHEWAR P A, PARSHURAMKAR Y T, BHANGE P

Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in livestock in the wildlife and livestock interface area of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India

BEHERA S K, DAS D, BALASUBRAMANI K, CHELLAPPAN S, RAJARAM K, MOHANTA H K, NINA P B

A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding international patient safety goals among the staff nurses at selected hospital, Kanpur

RAGHAVENDRAN M, BATACHARJEE T, REVATHI R

Screening for tylosin and other antimicrobial residues in fresh and fermented (nono) cow milk in Delta state, South-South, Nigeria

ONYINYE STELLA O-I, EZENDUKA E V, ANAELOM N J

045678 ONYINYE STELLA O-I, EZENDUKA E V, ANAELOM N J (Nigeria Univ, Nigeria, Email: ekene.ezenduka@unn.edu.ng) : Screening for tylosin and other antimicrobial residues in fresh and fermented (nono) cow milk in Delta state, South-South, Nigeria. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 458-64.

Milk is a food that contains almost all the essential nutrients needed for growth and maintenance for both young and old animals and man. Since quite nutritious and in high demand, dairy products should be free of both chemical and biological contaminants. Unfortunately, antibiotics used in the treatment of infectious diseases in dairy cattle are often seen in their products if withdrawal periods of those drugs are not observed before milking. This study aimed to detect the presence of antibiotics and the level of tylosin in fresh and fermented (nono) milk from cows in Delta state, Nigeria. Two hundred and five samples comprising 126 fresh milk and 79 fermented milk (nono) were sampled from Kwale, Ozoro, and Oleh representing one senatorial district of Delta state, South-South Nigeria. They were screened for the presence of tylosin and other antimicrobial residues using four-plate test and tylosin was confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Antibiotic residues were obtained in 76 % and 85 % of fresh milk and nono, respectively. Tylosin residue was also detected in 24 % fresh milk and 11 % nono samples at mean concentrations of 14.64±0.69 µg/l and 7.97±0.23 µg/l, respectively. The mean concentrations of tylosin from both milk types were below the recommended maximum residue limit (MRL) of 50 µg/l in dairy. High prevalence of antimicrobial residues in fresh milk and nono shows that consumers in the study area are predisposed to health hazards due to the presence of residues of different antibiotics in fresh milk and nono. Although tylosin was confirmed in both milk products, the mean concentrations were below the MRL. However, it is still very vital to resort to the observance of withdrawal periods and avoid gross misuse of antimicrobials. It is also necessary to emphasize the need for effective prevention of infectious diseases and most importantly create awareness and establish a national antibiotic residue monitoring program in Nigeria.

4 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

Extraction of pigment from pomegranate (Punica granatum) flower used for various applications

EVETHA K, CHENNIYAPPAN S, DURAIRAJ G

Formulation and evaluation of celecoxib emulgel

REDDY M S, TANZEEM S K, HAQ S M F U

Decellularization of canine kidney for three-dimensional organ regeneration

TAJIMA K, KURODA K, OTAKA Y, KINOSHITA R, KITA M, OYAMADA T, KANAI K

045677 TAJIMA K, KURODA K, OTAKA Y, KINOSHITA R, KITA M, OYAMADA T, KANAI K (Small Animal Internal Medicine II Dep, Kitasato Univ, Towada, Japan, Email: kanai@vmas.kitasato-u.ac.jp) : Decellularization of canine kidney for three-dimensional organ regeneration. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 452-7.

Kidney regeneration is required for dogs with end-stage renal failure. Decellularization is one of the bioengineering techniques, which involves the removal of all tissue cells and cellular components and conservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Studies in rats have shown that decellularized kidney has regenerative potential; however, there are no reports on renal decellularization in dogs. Here, we showed the decellularization of the canine kidney. The renal artery of the cadaveric canine kidney was cannulated and the whole kidney was frozen at −80 °C. After completely thawing, it was perfused with physiological saline and sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.5 %, 6 h) through the cannulated renal artery to achieve decellularization. To assess the efficiency of the decellularization protocol, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of decellularized kidney was performed. Results: The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining revealed that the decellularized canine kidney had no apparent cellular components. In addition, 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed no visible nuclear components within the whole decellularized kidney. Therefore, both H and E and DAPI staining showed decellularization of the canine kidney. Our decellularization protocol also preserved the basement membrane of glomerulus, shown by periodic acid methenamine silver, periodic acid–Schiff, fibronectin, and collagen type IV stain. Our decellularization protocol could eliminate cellular components and remaining native ECM structures of canine kidney. These results could promote further research into canine kidney regeneration, which may be the first small step to regenerate the canine kidney waiting for renal transplantation.

3 illus, 26 ref

Development and validation of uvspectrophotometric method for the estimation of canagliflozin and metformin

PARMAR S J, PATEL B A, PATEL A B, PANDEY A

Enzyme assisted extraction of phenolic from pineapple waste by bacterial isolates PS6 and VC14

SHARMA P, SUHAS J

In vitro and in vivo efficacy study of cefepime, doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases Escherichia coli in chickens

TARAZI Y H, ABU-BASHA E A, ISMAIL Z B, TAILONY R A

045676 TARAZI Y H, ABU-BASHA E A, ISMAIL Z B, TAILONY R A (Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences Dep, Jordan Univ of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, Email: tarazi@just.edu.jo) : In vitro and in vivo efficacy study of cefepime, doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases Escherichia coli in chickens. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 446-51.

At present, there are no data about the efficacy of some recent antibiotics on Escherichia coli in broiler chickens in the study area. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of cefepime, doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline against multidrug-resistant-extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (MDR-ESBLs) producing E. coli in broiler chicks. A total of 34 MDR-ESBLs E. coli isolates were used in this study. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of cefepime, doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline were performed using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. In vivo evaluation of the efficacy of the antibiotics was perfumed using 180, 2-week-old chicks challenged with MDR-ESBL-producing E. coli strain O78. Chicks were divided into six groups (30 chicks each) according to the treatment regimen. Treatment was administered to chicks in Groups 3-6 intravenously, twice per day for 1 week using one antibiotic per group at concentration 10 times the determined MIC. Chicks in the positive control (Group 1) were challenged and received 0.2 ml of sterile Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB), while those in the negative control (Group 2) were not challenged and received 0.2 ml of sterile TSB. The severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality rate was scored and compared between groups. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to doripenem and tigecycline, while 88% were sensitive to cefepime and only 23 % were sensitive to tetracycline. In vivo antibiotic efficacy evaluation in challenged chicks revealed a significant reduction in the severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality (3 %) in chicks treated with cefepime compared to non-treated chicks (55 %). There was no significant effect on the severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality in chicks treated with doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline compared to non-treated chicks. The mortality rates of chicks treated with doripenem, tigecycline, and tetracycline were 57 %, 50 %, and 90 %, respectively. The results of this study indicate that most MDR-ESBLs producing E. coli isolates were sensitive to doripenem, tigecycline, and cefepime. However, in vivo study indicated that only cefepime was effective and resulted in a significant reduction in clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality in infected chicks. Therefore, cefepime could be used to treat naturally infected chickens with MDR-ESBLs producing strains of E. coli.

4 illus, 1 table, 42 ref

Phenotypes, antibacterial-resistant profile, and virulence-associated genes of Salmonella serovars isolated from retail chicken meat in Egypt

AWAD A, GWIDA M, KHALIFA E, SADAT A

045675 AWAD A, GWIDA M, KHALIFA E, SADAT A ( Bacteriology Dep, Mansoura Univ, Egypt, Email: amalabdo@mans.edu.eg) : Phenotypes, antibacterial-resistant profile, and virulence-associated genes of Salmonella serovars isolated from retail chicken meat in Egypt. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 440-5.

The present study was designed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in chicken meat samples, and to explore the susceptibility of the strains to antimicrobials, as well as their virulence-associated genes. Two-hundred retail chicken meat samples from different shops, as well as 25 stool specimens from retail shop workers, were included in the study. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically for the presence of salmonellae. Salmonella isolates were serotyped using a slide agglutination test for O and H antigens and were screened for the presence of five virulence genes (stn, pef, invA, sopB, and avrA) using a uniplex polymerase chain reaction assay and for their susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Thirty-one Salmonella isolates belonging to 12 different serovars were identified. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky were the dominant serovars (22.6 % each). Salmonella isolates displayed a high antibiotic resistance against erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, doxycycline, cephalexin, cefaclor, tetracycline, polymyxin B, cefuroxime, vancomycin, and streptomycin. All Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and demonstrated different virulence genes. The majority of Salmonella serovars (87.1 %) harbored sopB gene, 54.8 % carried avrA and pef genes, while all isolates carried invA and stn genes. The presence of virulent MDR Salmonellae in raw chicken meat could allow the possibility of transmission of these resistant serovars to humans. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be followed on the whole poultry production chain to decrease the potential transmission of Salmonella infection from poultry meat to humans.

4 tables, 37 ref

Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin and ezetimibe in combined formulation

TUMBURU R T, VOGGU R R, KISHORE M

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of matrix diffusion controlled release tablets of itopride as model drug

BHAVANA P, ABBULU K, SOWJANYABATTU

Occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk collected from different regions of Algeria

MOHAMMEDI-AMEUR S, DAHMANE M, BRERA C, KARDJADJ M, BEN-MAHDI M H

Hematological and serum biochemical profile in cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus

SARAVANAN S, UMAPATHI V, PRIYANKA M, HOSAMANI M, SREENIVASA B P, PATEL B H M, NARAYANAN K, SANYAL A, BASAGOUDANAVA S H

A look at the incidence and risk factors for dog bites in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA

HASOON B C, SHIPP A E, HASOON J

Influence of hepatic neoplasia on life expectancy in dogs

VILKOVYSKIY I F, VATNIKOV Y A, KULIKOV E V, SOTNIKOVA E D, YAGNIKOV S A, SELEZNEV S B, KROTOVA E A, BYAKHOVA V M, GRISHIN V M, AVDOTIN V P

Study of therapeutic outcome and monitoring of adverse drug reactions (adrs) in patients coming to outdoor patient department (opd) of dermatology, venereology and leprosy in tertiary care hospital of Northern India

JAIN S , KATIYAR P , SUVIRYA S , VERMA P , SACHAN A K, NATH R , PAL R , BARUA S, DIXIT R K

044219 JAIN S , KATIYAR P , SUVIRYA S , VERMA P , SACHAN A K, NATH R , PAL R , BARUA S, DIXIT R K (Institute of Health Sciences Univ, Kanpur - 208 024, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drpraveenkatiyar@gmail.com) : Study of therapeutic outcome and monitoring of adverse drug reactions (adrs) in patients coming to outdoor patient department (opd) of dermatology, venereology and leprosy in tertiary care hospital of Northern India. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 474-88.

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) associated with significant morbidity and mortality are probably the most frequent of all manifestations of drug sensitivity. It was a prospective observational study where newly diagnosed patients with ADRs reporting to OPD of Dermatology, K.G.M.U, Lucknow and satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled. The various study tools used were the suspected ADR reporting form (CDSCO), Naranjo‟s causality scale, Modified Hartwig and Siegel severity scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index. In a total of 124 patients recorded with CADRs, males (60.5 %) were found more affected than females (39.5 %). The most common age group found was 21-30 yrs (36.3 %) followed by 31-40 yrs (25.8%) with a mean age ± SD 35.88 ± 13.87 range (18-78) years. The most common clinical pattern observed was Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) (49.2 %) followed by maculopapular rash (MPR) (36.3 %). The incidence of Severe CADRs (SCADR) was 8.06 %. Antimicrobial (50.8 %) followed by unknown (17.7 %), combinations (14.5 %) and anti-epileptics (8.9 %) were the most common drug groups suspected. On the severity scale, the majority of CADRs were moderately severe (70.9 %). Causality assessment categorized most of the CADRs as probable (83.1 %). The majority of FDE (39.3 %) showed a small effect, MPR (33.3 %) and SCADR (60 %) showed an extremely large effect, other drug rashes (50 %) showed a very large effect on the quality of life (QoL). The association of type of CADR with causality, severity and QoL was found statistically significant. (p-value <0.05). Prompt reporting and monitoring of ADRs is needed to timely manage and prevent them which may even progress to fatal scenarios.

10 illus, 11 tables, 44 ref

High-resolution melting curve analysis for infectious bronchitis virus strain differentiation

ABABNEH M, ABABNEH O, AL-ZGHOUL M B

045669 ABABNEH M, ABABNEH O, AL-ZGHOUL M B (Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences Dep, Jordan Univ of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan, Email: ababnem@just.edu.jo) : High-resolution melting curve analysis for infectious bronchitis virus strain differentiation. Vet World 2020, 13(3), 400-6.

Belonging to the Coronaviridae family, avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes respiratory, reproductive, and renal diseases in poultry. Preventative measures lie mainly in vaccination, while the gold standard for IBV classification and differentiation is based on the sequence analysis of the spike 1 (S1) gene. In this study, we tested a new assay for IBV strain classification that is less expensive and requires reduced time and effort to perform. We carried out a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by high-resolution melting (qRT-PCR/HRM) curve analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, qRT-PCR was conducted on a partial fragment S1 gene followed by a high resolution melting curve analysis (qRT-PCR/HRM) on 23 IBV-positive samples in Jordan. For this assay, we utilized the most common IBV vaccine strains (Mass and 4/91) as a reference in the HRM assay. To evaluate the discrimination power of the qRT-PCR/ HRM, we did the sequencing of the partial S1 gene. Results: It was shown that HRM was able to classify IBV samples into four clusters based on the degree of similarity between their melting points: The first cluster exhibited the highest similarity to the 4/91 strain, while the second was similar to the Mass-related IBV strain. Although the third cluster contained the highest number of samples, it displayed no similarity to any of the reference vaccine strains, and, after comparing them with the sequencing results, we found that the samples in the third cluster were similar to the variant II-like (IS-1494-06) IBV field strain. Finally, the fourth cluster comprised one unique sample that was found to belong to the Q1 IBV strain. Conclusion: Our developed qRT-PCR/HRM curve analysis was able to detect and rapidly identify novel and vaccinerelated IBV strains as confirmed by S1 gene nucleotide sequences, making it a rapid and cost-effective tool.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

Isotretinoin anti-acne gel for the management of p. Acne infection

SONI S, BHARADWAJ A