044216   DESHMUKH N J , DESHMUKH J T, MANDEWALE M C (Chemistry Dep, Government of Maharashtra’s Ismail Yusuf Coll of Arts, Jogeshwari (East) - 400 060, Mumbai, Email: iycmustapha@gmail.com) : Synthesis and molecular docking study of bioactive quinolinobenzimidazole derivatives. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 445-50.

A series of some quinolino-benzimidazole/thiazole derivatives (3a-3h) have been synthesized from2-hydroxyquinoline-3- formaldehyde derivatives (1a-1d) and 1, 2-phenylenediamines/2- aminothiophenols (2a-2c). The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and Mass Spectrometry. All the compounds were screened in-vitro for their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37 RV strain) ATCC No-27294. Among the compounds tested, compounds 3e showed potent antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis at MIC 6.25 µg/mL. We extended our study to explore the inhibition mechanism by conducting molecular docking analysis by using Schrödinger.

4 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

044216   DESHMUKH N J , DESHMUKH J T, MANDEWALE M C (Chemistry Dep, Government of Maharashtra’s Ismail Yusuf Coll of Arts, Jogeshwari (East) - 400 060, Mumbai, Email: iycmustapha@gmail.com) : Synthesis and molecular docking study of bioactive quinolinobenzimidazole derivatives. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 445-50.

A series of some quinolino-benzimidazole/thiazole derivatives (3a-3h) have been synthesized from2-hydroxyquinoline-3- formaldehyde derivatives (1a-1d) and 1, 2-phenylenediamines/2- aminothiophenols (2a-2c). The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and Mass Spectrometry. All the compounds were screened in-vitro for their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37 RV strain) ATCC No-27294. Among the compounds tested, compounds 3e showed potent antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis at MIC 6.25 µg/mL. We extended our study to explore the inhibition mechanism by conducting molecular docking analysis by using Schrödinger.

4 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

044214   BOTHIRAJ M , ALAGUSUNDARAM M, SEKHAR K B C (Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ, Ananthapuramu - 515 002, Andhra Pradesh, Email: bothi.pharm@gmail.com) : A study on paramountcy of cognitive pharmaceutical care in drugdrug interaction among in patients. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 432-7.

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are known for their potential to cause adverse clinical outcomes, rate of morbidity and mortality. An integrated approach to cognitive pharmaceutical care (CPS) would decrease the incidence of DDIs in hospitalized patients. This prospective interventional study was carried out among the inpatients admitted to a tertiary care multispecialty hospital in Chennai. A total of 749 drugs were accumulated from 100 in-patients. A perpetual continuous quality improvement (CQI) program was conducted to edify and train the healthcare staff on a weekly basis with counter-current data collection on DDIs. The results 645 DDIs in which 153 (23.72 %) were major, 348 (53.95 %) were moderate and 144 (22.32 %) were minor. The CPS recommendations like dose adjustment, time of drug administration, alternate drug choice etc. were incorporated into the DDIs. The post CQI results depicted a gradual decrease in the prevalence of DDIs for a period of 3 months. This study revealed the pertinence of CPS in the management of potential DDIs. The need for structured, as well as integrated approaches guidelines, also was recommended.

4 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

044213   KAUR C, MAURYA P (Pharmaceutics Dep, Jaipur National Univ, Jaipur - 302 017, Rajasthan, Email: chanpreetkaur25@gmail.com) : Antifungal activity of amphotericin-b ethosomal gel against Candida albicans: A comparative study. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 413-9.

Amphotericin B is among the gold standard antifungal agents used for the treatment of the wide range of fungal infections. Work aimed to formulate the amphotericin B (AmB) ethosomal gel (EF), evaluate its antifungal activity against fungal isolates of human origin and compare its antifungal activity with marketed liposomal gel (MLG). AmB ethosomal gel (EF) was formulated and characterized for their physical appearance, pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, zeta potential, in-vitro diffusion study and in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal study. The results showed that pH value was within acceptable limits (6.2 ± 0.021). EF showed better spreadability than MLG. EF showed highest drug content (97.3 ± 0.43 %) than that of MLG (76 ± 0.32 %), better spreadability and more negative zeta potential to confirm the stability of the formulation. AmB EF showed the highest zone of inhibition (28 ± 0.20 mm), in contrast to MLG (24 ± 0.13 mm) against Candida species. The in-vitro and in-vivo studies revealed effective therapeutic potential against Candida albicans induced dermal mycosis. Result of this study suggested that ethosomal gel be the most proficient carrier system for dermal and transdermal delivery of Amphotericin B for the treatment of dermatomycoses.

6 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

044212   THAKARE S S, DHOTE S N (Rajarshee Shahu Science Coll, Amravati - 444 904, Maharashtra, Email: sarojdhote3@gmail.com) : Design and characterization of some new non-symmetric substituted triazines and triazine derivatives. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 407-12.

Attempts were made to carry out the laboratory synthesis of non-symmetric mono-, di- and tri- substituted 1, 3, 5- triazines by the action of the electron-donating substituent on 2, 4, 6- trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazines by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism (SNAr reaction) by temperature controlled. The introduction of the amino group (-NH-), ether (-O-) and thiol (-S-) Linker Bridge show more promising antibacterial activity. The yield of newly synthesized compounds was quite well, and their structures were confirmed by using IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectral data.

1 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

044211   DAVOUDI A-M , AVARSEJI M, MOUSAVI Z, ASGARPANAH J (Pharmacognosy Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Shariati Ave., Tehran, Iran, Email: taxolfa@yahoo.com) : Pharmacological evaluation of the in-vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the essential oil from Cymbopogon olivieri (boiss.) Bor.. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 401-6.

Cymbopogon olivieri (Poaceae) is a native plant to the south of Iran and is used for the treatment of some inflammative based disorders and as a pain killer. Regarding the presence of volatile terpenoids in the aerial parts, we were prompted to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil from C. olivieri in animal models. The oil was also analyzed by GC and GC–MS to identify the potentially responsible compounds for observed properties. The analgesic activity of the oil was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate method while the acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by induced-inflammatory paw edema in the rat. The studied oil could decrease the number of acetic acid-induced writhes in mice compared with animals that received vehicle only. In hot-plate tests, the studied doses of C. olivieri were not effective. The oil moderately reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The major component of the oil was characterized as Piperitone (66.0 %), which might be responsible for these observed activities. The results suggest that C. olivieri essential oil possesses biologically active constituent(s) that have significant activity against peripheral nociception, which supports the ethnomedicinal claims of the plant application in the relief of pain.

3 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

044209   MEENA M K , CHOUDHARY D, CHOUHAN M , SHUKLA P, SINHA S K ( Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, Email: sinsaur@gmail.com) : Enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of erlotinib hydrochloride by solid dispersion technique with poloxamer 188: Preparation and in-vitro evaluation. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 387-93.

Solid dispersions (SDs) of Erlotinib hydrochloride (ETN) were prepared to enhance the solubility by solvent evaporation (SE) and Melting (MM) method using poloxamer 188 (PL 188) in the ratio of 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 (w:w). The solubility of the drug was increased in a concentration-dependent manner of polymer and follow linearity order. The solid dispersion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR spectra revealed the drug was found compatible and did not show any interaction with polymer, PXRD spectra, and DSC thermographs showed a clear transformation of crystalline to an amorphous form of drug particles. In-vitro dissolution study was performed in dissolution medium i.e. 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2). Cumulative percent drug release from SDs prepared by the SE method was faster than from the pure drug, physical mixture (PM), and SDs prepared by the MM method. The maximum percent drug release (90.07 ± 0.78) was found with PL 188 in the ratio of 1:5 (w/w). Among the used techniques, the SE method demonstrating maximum increased in solubility as well as in-vitro drug release profile. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of the SE method is a promising approach to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of ETN.

7 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

044208   ADITI P, TRIPATHI Y B (Medicinal Chemistry Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: yaminimedchem.bhu@gmail.com) : Antioxidative and hypolipidemic effect of Pueraria tuberosa water extract (ptwe) in rats with high fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld). Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 378-86.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is chronic liver diseases ensuing from excessive fat accumulation in liver attributed to high dietary fat and carbohydrate and lower hepatic activity. It is associated with obesity and high BMI (body mass index). The excess carbohydrate-rich diet activates its conversion to TG (triglycerides), which gets accumulated in adipose and non-adipose tissues in the body. Insulin resistance also plays an important role in its pathogenesis. This work is focused on antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials of water extract of Pueraria tuberosa (PTWE) in rats with high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. NAFLD was induced in rats with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 100 days and grouped into HFD control, HFD+PT 50 mg/100 g bw, HFD+PT 100 mg/100 g bw. Blood triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase activity and lipid peroxides (LPO) levels were assessed. The histological studies in the liver were done by H&E staining. PTWE shows the antioxidant properties by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of SOD and catalase enzymes. It also shows the hypolipidemic effect on NAFLD rats by decreasing the TG and cholesterol levels in serum. It also prevented the progression of liver damage, as evident by lowering the activity of SGOT and SGPT and decreased hepatocyte ballooning, inflammatory infiltration and microvascular steatosis. All the results demonstrate that PT can exhibit a therapeutic effect on NAFLD by way of through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic potentials.

3 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

044207   KUMAR R, GARG R (Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial (ASBASJSM) Coll of Pharmacy, Ropar - 140111, Punjab, Email: rajksach09@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with bacoside rich extract. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 371-7.

The treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes much more difficult due to the presence of the bloodbrain barrier (BBB). Various synthetic drugs are used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, but the use of herbal products has increased tremendously nowadays. An important medicinal plant widely used therapeutically is Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), a well-known nootropic herb of family Scrophulariaceae. The bacosides present in Brahmi aid in the repair of damaged neurons and ultimately improve nerve impulse transmission. However, the delivery of every such drug is limited due to the failure of the drug to overcome the blood-brain barrier and reach CNS. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are the drug carriers that have been able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The current study focuses on the treatment strategy for AD using bacoside rich extract loaded SLNs. The bacoside rich concentrate was extracted from the aerial part of the plant and was characterized by melting point determination, HPTLC, UV-spectroscopy and FTIR. SLNs were prepared with a simple lipid stearic acid using hot homogenization technique and were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, TEM, in-vitro drug release studies, release kinetics and stability studies. The formulation was found to exhibit prolonged drug release for 24 h and showed appreciable stability for 3 months during stability studies which confirmed the efficacy of formulated solid lipid nanoparticles.

5 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

044205   KRISHAN B V, RAO C B, SAIKISHORE V (Pharmaceutical Sciences Coll Univ, Guntur - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, Email: vamsikrishan99@gmail.com) : Design and characterization of chronopharmaceutical drug delivery of propranolol hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020, 11(1), 358-64.

In the present study, an effort was made to develop a novel pulsatile dosage form for the treatment of hypertension using Propranolol hydrochloride as a model drug. A time-delayed capsule was prepared by sealing the pellets inside the insoluble hard gelatin capsule body with an erodible hydrogel plug. The pellets were prepared by the Fluidized Bed Wurster (bottom spray) technique. The entire device was enteric coated so that the variability in gastric emptying time can be overcome and a colon-specific release can be achieved. Hydrogel plug (HPMCK4 and lactose in 1:1 ratio) having 4.5 kg/cm² hardness and 100 mg weight was placed in the capsule opening and found suitable to avoid the drug release in small intestinal fluid and eject the plugin colonic fluid, releasing the pellets into colonic fluid after a lag time criterion of 5 h. Three dissolution media with pH 1.2, 7.4 and 6.8 were consecutively used to simulate the pH changes along the GI tract. FTIR study confirmed that there was no interaction between drug and polymer. Among all the formulations Propranolol hydrochloride pellets coated with Eudragit FS 30D in 35 % w/w concentrations shown prolonged release for a period of 12 h. The obtained results revealed capability of system in controlling drug release for a programmable period of time and prevent a sharp increase in the incidence of blood pressure, during the early morning h, a time when the risk of hypertension attacks is maximum.

3 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref

045667   SUMANA K, REVANAIAH Y, APSANA R, ROY P, REDDY G B M (National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Karnataka, Email: gbmpatho@gmail.com) : Molecular characterization of sheeppox virus from outbreaks in Karnataka, India. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 386-91.

This study aimed to characterize sheeppox virus (SPPV) using the P32 gene of the Capripoxvirus (CaPVs). Clinical samples of skin, scabs, and nasal swab from suspected outbreaks Horalagallu (n=13) and Gerahalli (n=11) at Ramanagara district in Karnataka were collected. All the samples were initially subjected to genusspecific diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The pooled clinical samples from each outbreak were also subjected to virus isolation. The isolates were confirmed by CaPVs genotyping PCR targeting the full-length P32 gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The clinical signs and lesions varied from mild to severe degree with no specificity between age and sex. Specific cytopathic changes in cell morphology were observed in infected Vero cells from both outbreaks, which were confirmed by PCR. The complete P32 gene from two outbreaks was successfully amplified with the expected amplicon size of 1006bp. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that both the outbreaks were due to SPPV and shared high similarity with published SPPVs from Karnataka and other parts of India. The current study showed that complete P32 gene-based genotypic PCR assay can be used for genetic characterization and molecular epidemiology of both sheeppox and goatpox diseases and also to differentiate the causative agents. The sequence analysis revealed 100 % similarity among the two outbreak isolates suggesting the same strain of the virus and common source of infection for the outbreaks.

4 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

045666   GRAY M J, GATES M C (Massey Univ, New Zealand, Email: mail.mgray@gmail.com) : A descriptive study of ciguatera fish poisoning in Cook Islands dogs and cats: Exposure history, clinical signs, and formulation of a case definition. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 372-85.

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a multisystem toxicosis caused by the ingestion of warm water marine species. Dogs and cats are susceptible to CFP, but there is little published and much unknown about the condition in these species. This study aims to describe the syndrome of CFP in dogs and cats and to develop a case definition. Six years (March 2011-February 2017) of medical records from the Esther Honey Foundation Animal Clinic (the only veterinary clinic in the Cook Islands during the study period) were reviewed to identify cases of CFP. Data relating to exposure history and clinical signs were collected. Two hundred forty-six cases of CFP were identified, comprising 165 dogs and 81 cats. Fish ingestion was documented in 29 % of cases. Reef/lagoon fish and moray eels were most commonly implicated. The toxicosis was characterized by motor dysfunction with a high frequency of ataxia and paresis/paralysis/recumbency. Respiratory and gastrointestinal systems were also affected, especially in canine CFP cases. A multi-tiered case definition and a diagnostic algorithm for CFP in dogs and cats were developed based upon the findings of this study and a review of the existing literature. This case series is the largest study of canine and feline CFP to date. It documents the exposure history of cases and describes in detail clinical signs of the toxicosis. It also proposes a system of case classification that has the potential to both assist the diagnosis of CFP and facilitate future surveillance and research activities.

1 illus, 12 tables, 53 ref

045664   TAMTA S, KUMAR O R V, SINGH S V, PRUTHVISHREE B S, KARTHIKEYAN R, RUPNER R, SINHA D K, SINGH B R (Epidemiology Dep, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, Email: vinodhkumar.rajendran@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial resistance pattern of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers of selected organized farms of India. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 360-3.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are gradually increasing worldwide and carry a serious public threat. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers.  Fecal samples from <3-month-old piglets (n=156) and farm workers (n=21) were processed for the isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in MacConkey agar added with 1 µg/mL of cefotaxime. E. coli (piglets=124; farm workers=21) were tested for ESBL production by combined disk method and ESBL E-strip test. Each of the ESBL-positive isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The ESBL-producing E. coli were further processed for genotypic confirmation to CTX-M gene. Results: A total of 55 (44.4%, 55/124) and nine (42.9%, 9/21) ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from piglets and farm workers, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from piglets and farm workers showed 100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime. A proportion of 100% (55/55) and 88.9% (8/9) ESBL-positive E. coli were multidrug resistance (MDR) in piglets and farm workers, respectively. On genotypic screening of the ESBL E. coli isolated from piglets (n=55), 15 were positive for the blaCTX-M gene and of the nine ESBL E. coli from farm workers, none were positive for the blaCTX-M gene. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli between piglets and farm workers, the ESBL-positive E. coli from piglets showed relatively higher MDR than farm workers.

1 illus, 28 ref

045661   OLA-FADUNSIN S D, GANIYU I A, RABIU M, HUSSAIN K, SANDA I M, BABA A Y, FURO N A, BALOGUN R B (Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology Dep, Ilorin Dep, Kwara, Nigeria, Email: olashodam2@yahoo.com) : Helminth infections of great concern among cattle in Nigeria: Insight to its prevalence, species diversity, patterns of infections and risk factors. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 338-44.

Helminth infections are one of the greatest causes of productive and reproductive loss in animals and man, and in some cases, it results in heavy mortalities. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, species diversity, patterns of infections and risk factors associated with helminth infections of cattle in Ilorin, Nigeria. A total of 478 fecal samples were collected from abattoirs and cattle farms over a year period (March, 2018-February, 2019). Fecal samples were visually examined then observed using simple flotation and formalinethyl acetate sedimentation techniques. Eggs and worms were identified according to standard procedures. The packed cell volume was determined using the hematocrit centrifugation technique. A total of 79.92 % of the cattle examined were found positive with one or more helminth species. Eighteen helminth species (cutting across all classes of helminths) were detected, with Haemonchus contortus (60.46 %), Trichostrongylus spp. (46.44 %), Ostertagia ostertagi (42.05 %), Bunostomum phlebotomum (28.87 %), Cooperia spp. (24.27 %), Oesophagostomum radiatum (21.97 %), Strongyloides papillosus (12.13 %), and Fasciola gigantica (10.67 %) been the most prevalent. Helminth infection was detected all through the year with the least prevalence recorded in February (55.00 %). About 61 % of the examined cattle harbored double/multiple helminth species. There was a significant difference between breed, sex, physiological status, and season with the prevalence rate of helminth infections (p<0.05).  Our investigation demonstrated high prevalence and wide diversity of helminth species, which suggests that helminth infections are of great concern among cattle in Ilorin and Nigeria in general. There is a need for a radical veterinary intervention to curb the menace so as to have an economically robust cattle industry in Nigeria.

2 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

045658   OKORIE-KANU O J, ANYANWU M U, EZENDUKA E V, MGBEAHURUIKE A C, OKORIE-KANU C O, UGWUIJEM E E, IDOGWU M N, ANYAOHA C O, MAJESTY-ALUKAGBERIE O L, VIDAL R O (Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Dep, Nigeria Univ, Nigeria, Email: madubuike.anyanwu@unn.edu.ng) : Occurrence and antibiogram of Listeria species in raw pork, beef, and chicken meats marketed in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 317-25.

This study was undertaken to isolate Listeria (L.) species from raw meats sold in markets in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria, and to determine the antibacterial resistance profile. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five grams of beef (n=144), chicken meat (n=144), and pork (n=144) were collected randomly from supermarkets and general markets in Enugu State. Isolation of Listeria was done using half and full Fraser broths, and polymyxin acriflavine lithium chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol agar. Identification of isolates was done using an analytical profile index kit specific for Listeria. Confirmation of the genus Listeria was done by a polymerase chain reaction. The resistance of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results: Listeria was isolated from 39/144 (27.1%) chicken meat, 19/144 (13.2%) pork, and 66/144 (45.8%) beef samples cultured. Listeria innocua was the predominant species in chicken meat (52.6%) and beef (81.8%) samples. Listeria grayi, Listeria welshimeri, and Listeria ivanovii were also isolated from the beef and chicken meat samples. More than 65% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and cephalothin. All the isolates from beef and pork samples and 23 (92%) from chicken meat samples, were resistant to ≥3 classes of antibacterial agents. Mean multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was 0.77 (range=0.42-1.00), 0.58 (range=0.25-0.83), and 0.79 (range=0.58-0.92) for the isolates from beef, chicken meat, and pork samples, respectively. All the isolates had MARI >0.2. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant Listeria strains contaminate raw beef, pork, and chicken meats marketed in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria.

4 tables, 45 ref

045658   OKORIE-KANU O J, ANYANWU M U, EZENDUKA E V, MGBEAHURUIKE A C, OKORIE-KANU C O, UGWUIJEM E E, IDOGWU M N, ANYAOHA C O, MAJESTY-ALUKAGBERIE O L, VIDAL R O (Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Dep, Nigeria Univ, Nigeria, Email: madubuike.anyanwu@unn.edu.ng) : Occurrence and antibiogram of Listeria species in raw pork, beef, and chicken meats marketed in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 317-25.

This study was undertaken to isolate Listeria (L.) species from raw meats sold in markets in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria, and to determine the antibacterial resistance profile. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five grams of beef (n=144), chicken meat (n=144), and pork (n=144) were collected randomly from supermarkets and general markets in Enugu State. Isolation of Listeria was done using half and full Fraser broths, and polymyxin acriflavine lithium chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol agar. Identification of isolates was done using an analytical profile index kit specific for Listeria. Confirmation of the genus Listeria was done by a polymerase chain reaction. The resistance of the isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results: Listeria was isolated from 39/144 (27.1%) chicken meat, 19/144 (13.2%) pork, and 66/144 (45.8%) beef samples cultured. Listeria innocua was the predominant species in chicken meat (52.6%) and beef (81.8%) samples. Listeria grayi, Listeria welshimeri, and Listeria ivanovii were also isolated from the beef and chicken meat samples. More than 65% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and cephalothin. All the isolates from beef and pork samples and 23 (92%) from chicken meat samples, were resistant to ≥3 classes of antibacterial agents. Mean multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was 0.77 (range=0.42-1.00), 0.58 (range=0.25-0.83), and 0.79 (range=0.58-0.92) for the isolates from beef, chicken meat, and pork samples, respectively. All the isolates had MARI >0.2. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant Listeria strains contaminate raw beef, pork, and chicken meats marketed in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria.

4 tables, 45 ref

045657   TONG S-R, LEE T-H, CHEONG S-K, LIM Y-M (Pre-clinical Sciences Dep, Tunku Abdul Rahman Univ, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: ymlim@utar.edu.my) : Untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites of edible bird’s nest through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 304-16.

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is the nutrient-rich salivary bioproduct produced by swiftlets in Southeast Asia. Currently, researchers are exploring the therapeutic effects of EBN, such as cell growth promotion, antioxidant content, antiviral effects, bone strengthening, eyes care, and neuroprotection bioactivities. The therapeutic effects of EBN have been studied through different extraction methods but the metabolites profile of the EBN in each extract has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to profile the water-soluble metabolites of EBN prepared in different extraction methods. Subsequently, an extraction method will be selected as an ideal extraction method for untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites in EBN. Materials and Methods: In this study, water-soluble metabolites of EBN extracted by the four extraction methods were subjected to metabolite profiling through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extraction methods were acid extraction(ABN), pancreatic extraction (EzBN), eHMG extraction, and spray drying of HMG extraction (pHMG). The metabolite profiles, such as the number of metabolites and their identities in each extraction method, were evaluated through LC-MS analysis. The identity of metabolites present in the four extraction methods is inconsistent. Based on LC-MS analysis, only one and six metabolites were extracted differently through EzBN and ABN, respectively, in the first pre-screening. Through the second LC-MS screening on pHMG and eHMG extraction methods, eHMG was selected as an ideal extraction method due to the highest numbers of water-soluble metabolites with an amount of 193 was detected. Besides, eHMG extraction method was able to extract sialic acid and a high percentage of secondary metabolites. This study suggests that eHMG is the ideal extraction method for extracting higher number of water-soluble metabolites from EBN and could be further developed as an extraction method for industry application. In addition, this study also has identified the types of primary and secondary metabolites present in EBN.

2 illus, 4 tables, 44 ref

046834   NUR R, FITRASYAH S I, MALLONGI A (Public Health Dep, Tadulako Univ, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia) : Women’s reactions and health disorders caused by abuse during the pregnancy-postpartum period. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194487.

The purpose of this study was to determine women’s reactions to violence, and reproductive health problems as a result of violence, during the pregnancy-puerperal period. The study was conducted in two villages of central Sulawesi: Sunju Village in Sigi Biromaru Regency and Tanjung Batu Town in Donggala Regency. The main population of interest was married women of childbearing age who were pregnant, in the puerperal period, had been pregnant, had given birth a maximum of 2 years previously, or who had experienced violence in the past. The data collection was completed through structured interviews, in-depth interviews, observations, and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results showed that women who are victims of violence generally go to traditional midwives for childbirth, while women in town in general go to rural midwives. The typical response of wives to reproductive health problems is silence, and this is the first choice of reaction for victims of violence in villages and cities. However, if the violence is considered to endanger the health and safety of their lives, women in the village generally report the violence to a customs agency called “Pabisara Ada”, while women in town choose to fight or avoid it, rather than to report their husband’s actions.

3 tables, 23 ref

045656   HANAFI-BOJD A A, SHARIFIFARD M, JAHANIFARD E, NAVIDPOUR S, VAZIRIANZADEH B ( Medical Entomology and Vector Control Dep, Tehran Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email: jahanifard-e@ajums.ac.ir) : Presence probability of Hemiscorpius lepturus Peters, 1861 using maximum entropy approach in the western areas of Zagros Mountains, Iran. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 296-303.

The purpose of this research was to use environmental variables for predicting the probability of Hemiscorpius lepturus existence in the provinces where situated in the west of the Zagros Mountains. In this study, 64 occurrence records of the H. lepturus were extracted from the published documents available in electronic databases. MaxEnt model was used for predicting the ecological niches of this species. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and 19 climatic variables were used as the environmental variables affecting the distribution of this scorpion. The Jackknife test in the model was used to indicate the importance of variables to predict the probability of the presence of the studied species. The logistic threshold that was evaluated using a logistic regression algorithm showed the converting of the probability model into a binary model. The model was evaluated byarea under the curve (AUC). The probability presence map of this scorpion was then prepared in ArcGIS 10.5 Software. The results of the analysis showed that the most important environmental factor on the distribution of H. lepturus was the maximum temperature of the warmest month (Bio5) with a contribution rate of 43 % and permutation importance of 8 %. The Jackknife test revealed that NDVI did not gain any value when it used independently in the model. The logistic threshold was reported 0.255 for the maximum test sensitivity plus specificity. The AUC of the model was 0.7698, shows an acceptable value for model validity. Overall the hot spots for this toxic scorpion seem to be in Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Ilam Provinces of the studied area. Regarding our findings, MaxEnt algorithm, in combination with geographic information system contributed to revealing the effects of environmental variables on the probability of H. lepturus presence in the west of Zagros Mountains. These visualized maps as a warning alarm can be helpful to policymakers for managing, controlling, and monitoring the scorpionism in high-risk areas.

5 illus, 46 ref

046833   ALJABERY R M S, JABER A A S (General surgery Dep, Al Fayhaa Teaching Hospital, Basra, Iraq, Email: raisan_aljabery@yahoo.com) : Comparison of hemorrhoidectomy by ligasure with conventional Milligan Morgan’s Hemorrhoidectomy. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194486.

Hemorrhoidal disease is one of most common anorectal disease and surgical hemorrhoidectomy remains one of most common operation in general surgery. The aim of the present study is to compare between conventional Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy and ligasure hemorrhoidectomy in treating patients with 3rd and 4th degree hemorrhoids. This randomized control trial was conducted at Alfayhaa teaching hospital during 2016 to 2018. The 3rd and 4th degree hemorrhoid patients (n=60, age 16-70 years) were randomly divided into two groups based on the surgical procedure, i.e. ligasure hemorrhoidectomy (n=30) and conventional hemorrhoidectomy (n=30). In ligasure hemorrhoidectomy, operative time, pain score on the 1st operative day and 1st week, duration of wound healing were 12.2 ± 03, 4.1 ± 05, 5.3 ± 02min and 3.1 ± 02, respectively. While in the conventional hemorrhoidectomy, it was 23.3 ± 02, 6.2 ± 03, 2.1 ± 09min and 4.4 ± 07, respectively. In ligasure hemorrhoidectomy 15 patients didn’t have blood loss, 10 patients had a mild blood loss and 5 patients had a moderate blood loss. While, in conventional hemorrhoidectomy all patients suffered from blood loss, i.e. 14 patients have mild blood loss and 11 patients have blood loss. In conventional hemorrhoidectomy postoperative bleeding, necrosis, residual disease and anal ____stenosis ___ were 19.2 ± 03 (p<0.001); 02.5 ± 01 (p<0.01); 08.9 ± 08 and 01.5 ± 01, respectively. While, in ligasure hemorrhoidectomy postoperative bleeding, necrosis and residual disease were reduced to 07.3 ± 07; 00.0 ± 00 and 04.9 ± 09, respectively. Anal ________stenosis ____ was found to be increased to 06.4 ± 06 as compared to the conventional hemorrhoidectomy. Ligasure hemorrhoidectomy is better than conventional hemorrhoidectomy in terms of less operative time,less intraoperative pain and less postoperative complication and earlier wound healing and return to daily work hence higher patient satisfaction.

4 tables, 19 ref

045655   BENKLAOUZ M B, AGGAD H, BENAMEUR Q (Veterinary Sciences Dep, Ibn Khaldoun Univ, Tiaret, Algeria, Email: qada.benameur@univ-mosta.dz) : Resistance to multiple first-line antibiotics among Escherichia coli from poultry in Western Algeria. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 290-5.

Escherichia coli can cause a number of serious infections both in human and veterinary medicine. Their management is increasingly complicated by the emergence and dissemination of multiresistance to various first-line antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance level to the commonly used antibiotics, with a focus on the first-line antimicrobial agents, in E. coli strains isolated from poultry in Western Algeria.  E. coli culture was done on MacConkey agar and their identification was determined by AP20E system. For susceptibility testing, disk diffusion method to 14 antimicrobials, including first-line antibiotics, was used according to Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar and the results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. E. coli isolates were considered as multidrug resistance (MDR) when found resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent of three different families of antibiotics. Double-disk synergy and combination disk tests were used for initial screening and confirmation for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production, respectively. A total of 145 E. coli strains were isolated in this study. High resistance levels to various antibiotics, including commonly used first-line antimicrobial agents, were recorded in this study. The highest resistance level was observed against nalidixic acid (90.34 %, n=131), followed by tetracycline (86.89 %, n=126), ampicillin (82.75 %, n=120), enrofloxacin (80.68 %, n=117) and neomycin (80.68 %, n=117), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (73.79 %, n=107), norfloxacin (72.41 %, n=105) and cephalothin (72.41 %, n=105), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (51.72 %, n=75), chloramphenicol (22.75 %, n=33), nitrofurantoin (17.24 %, n=25), gentamicin (13.10 %, n=19), and ceftiofur (3.44 %, n=5). Moreover, resistance to multiple first-line antibiotics was also demonstrated in the present study. Overall, 139 out of 145 isolates (95.86 %) demonstrated MDR (resistant to at least three antibiotics). In addition, five E. coli isolates (3.44 %) were confirmed to be ESBL producers. The alarming rate of E. coli resistant to multiple first-line antibiotics in poultry demands intensified surveillance. These results call for taking drastic measures to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and reduce the emergence risks of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant E. coli isolates.

2 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

045654   DHARMAWAN N S, DAMRIYASA I M, MAHARDIKA I G, SWASTIKA K, HARTININGSIH L P, AGUSTINA K K (Udayana Univ, Bali, Indonesia, Email: nsdharmawan@unud.ac.id) : A seroepidemiological study of bovine cysticercosis in Bali and Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 284-9.

Taenia saginata hazardously affects human and animal health. The distribution of this disease is found almost all over the world. The study aimed to obtain epidemiological information concerning prevalence and the distribution of bovine cysticercosis in Bali and Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.  A total of 267 community-owned Bali cattle serum samples from the provinces of Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara were examined. The study was conducted by examining the serum of Bali cattle using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Risk factors related to cysticercosis that analyzed were sex, breeding type, age, physical condition, source of drinking water, pen condition, and latrine availability. Seven of 91 Bali cattle sera from all regencies/cities in Bali showed a positive result. Those positive sera were originated from Buleleng (1), Gianyar (2), Denpasar (2), and Klungkung (2). Meanwhile, four of 92 Bali cattle sera from West Nusa Tenggara and seven of 84 from East Nusa Tenggara occurred antibodies against T. saginata. We identified that two risk factors that influence the incidence of T. saginata infection in Bali cattle in Bali were the sex and the cattle breeding type. Through this research can be made a map of bovine cysticercosis in Bali cattle in Bali and Nusa Tenggara region. By mapping the disease, it is recommended that the animal health officers should be more accurate when conducting postmortem examination, especially on cattle from a positive region.

2 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

046830   MULIANI, USMAN H, LAMANA A, LEWA A F, MARUMU R, NASRUL, MALLONGI A (Health Polytechnic of Palu Health Ministry, Palu, Indonesia, Email: mulianilewa16@gmail.com) : The influence of breathing ball technique on length of labor in phase i active in independent practice, midwifery sriwati. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194483.

First stage or first stage of opening takes place from zero opening (0 cm) to complete opening (10 cm). First stage for primigravida lasts 12 hours, while multigravida lasts for 8 hours. Based on the Friedman curve, calculated opening for primigravida 1 cm/hour and opening for multigravida 2 cm/hour. Efforts to determine the speed of labor for the first time were given a breathing ball technique. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of breathing ball on the duration of the first phase of active labor in PMB Sriwati. This type of research is a pre-experimental study with the one-shot case study. The total sample is 30 respondents, 15 primigravida respondents, and 15 multigravida respondents. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The intervention was given during the first stage of labor during the active phase for 32 minutes, every 32 minutes there were 4 stages of breathing ball, the duration of the duration was 8 minutes, each mother could rest whenever she wanted. The results of the analysis of the breathing ball technique on the duration of labor in the first phase of labor in the active phase of the p-value of 0,000 <0.05. The conclusion was that there was a significant influence on the breathing ball technique on the length of labor in the active phase I in the Sriwati Independent Practice Midwife. For midwives, especially in the Independent Practice of Midwife Sriwati to train pregnant women from an early age in performing breathing ball techniques by doing exercises in classes of pregnant women every 2x in a week, and this research can be developed with pain variables in the first phase of active mothers.

3 tables, 17 ref

045652   GOENHARTO S, SUDIANA I K, SALIM S, RUSDIANA E, WAHJUNI S (Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya- 602 86, Indonesia, Email: sianiwati-g@fkg.unair.ac.id) : Inflammation in the lungs of mice due to methyl methacrylate exposure. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 256-60.

This study aimed to predict the potential inflammation in lungs caused by exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA; in silico study) and assess inflammation in lungs in response to MMA inhalation in mice (in vivo study). In silico and in vivo studies were performed using 24 mice divided into a control group (0 ppm MMA) and five treatment groups, which were exposed to 150 ppm MMA for 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 min, respectively. Lung tissues were harvested and examined with a light microscope at 400×. In silico studies confirmed the existence of one activation bond between MMA and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), namely, His 228, with a MolDock score of −43.677 kcal/mol. Microscopic examination of lungs confirmed that a greater number of inflammatory cells were found in the treatment group than in the control group and symptoms of inflammation were clearly observable after 120 min of exposure. Thus, inflammation occurring due to MMA interaction with TLR-4 receptors can be predicted in silico and exposure to 150 ppm MMA for more than 120 min can cause lung inflammation in mice.

3 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

045651   INTHONG N, KAEWMONGKOL S, MEEKHANON N, SIRINARUMITR K, SIRINARUMITR T (Kasetsart Univ, Nakhon Pathom- 731 40, Thailand, Email: fvettps@yahoo.com) : Dynamic evolution of canine parvovirus in Thailand. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 245-55.

According to the previous study, the circulating canine parvovirus (CPV) in Thailand is 2a and 2b. Nowadays, CPV mutants, including CPV-2c, have been identified in many parts of the world. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of the circulating CPV in Thailand. Eighty-five CPV-positive fecal samples were obtained from dogs with either acute hemorrhagic diarrhea or diarrhea. The complete VP2 gene of these samples was amplified using VP2 specific primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained full-length VP2 sequences were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Sixty and 25 CPV-positive fecal samples were collected in 2010 and 2018, respectively. Thirty-four samples were new CPV-2a and 31 samples were new CPV-2b due to amino acids substitution at position 297 (Ser-Ala). In 2018, 5 new CPV-2a, 19 CPV-2c, and 1 feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) were found, but no new CPV-2b was detected. Moreover, most of the CPV in this study had amino acids mutations at positions 324 and 440. The phylogenetic construction demonstrated the close relationship between the current new CPV-2a with the previous CPV-2a reported from Thailand, China, Uruguay, Vietnam, Singapore, and India. Interestingly, the current new CPV-2b in this study was not closely related to the previous CPV-2b reported in Thailand. The CPV-2c in this study was closer to Asian CPV-2c and further from either European or South America CPV-2c. Interestingly, FPV was identified in a diarrhea dog. The evolution of CPV in Thailand is very dynamic. Thus, it is important to monitor for CPV mutants and especially the clinical signs relating to these mutants to conduct surveillance for the emergence of new highly pathogenic CPV in the future.

3 illus, 3 tables, 41 ref

045650   SUWANTI L T, SUSANA Y, HASTUTIEK P, SUPRIHATI E, LASTUTI N D R (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya- 60115, Indonesia, Email: tswant@gmail.com) : Blastocystis spp. subtype 10 infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 231-7.

Blastocystis spp. is a gastrointestinal parasite that can infect both humans and animals and has the potential to become a zoonotic parasite. This study analyzed a subtype (ST) of Blastocystis spp. that had infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Fresh stool samples were collected from 108 beef cattle at Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Blastocystis spp. were detected both morphologically and genetically based on the 18S rRNA gene. The morphology of Blastocystis spp. from the stool samples and cultured samples were observed under a light microscope. Blastocystis spp. from 20 positive cultures were amplified through polymerase chain reaction, and the resultant sequences were identified by ST. One hundred and eight (100 %) fecal samples from the fresh or cultured stools were positive morphologically for Blastocystis spp. Molecularly, all 20 of the samples selected for DNA analysis were found to be Blastocystis spp. ST 10. Based on morphological and molecular detection, the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. infection in beef cattle within Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia, was high. About 100% were non-zoonotic parasites. This was the first report of Blastocystis spp. ST 10 found in infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia.

2 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

045650   SUWANTI L T, SUSANA Y, HASTUTIEK P, SUPRIHATI E, LASTUTI N D R (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya- 60115, Indonesia, Email: tswant@gmail.com) : Blastocystis spp. subtype 10 infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 231-7.

Blastocystis spp. is a gastrointestinal parasite that can infect both humans and animals and has the potential to become a zoonotic parasite. This study analyzed a subtype (ST) of Blastocystis spp. that had infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Fresh stool samples were collected from 108 beef cattle at Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Blastocystis spp. were detected both morphologically and genetically based on the 18S rRNA gene. The morphology of Blastocystis spp. from the stool samples and cultured samples were observed under a light microscope. Blastocystis spp. from 20 positive cultures were amplified through polymerase chain reaction, and the resultant sequences were identified by ST. One hundred and eight (100 %) fecal samples from the fresh or cultured stools were positive morphologically for Blastocystis spp. Molecularly, all 20 of the samples selected for DNA analysis were found to be Blastocystis spp. ST 10. Based on morphological and molecular detection, the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. infection in beef cattle within Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia, was high. About 100% were non-zoonotic parasites. This was the first report of Blastocystis spp. ST 10 found in infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia.

2 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

045650   SUWANTI L T, SUSANA Y, HASTUTIEK P, SUPRIHATI E, LASTUTI N D R (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya- 60115, Indonesia, Email: tswant@gmail.com) : Blastocystis spp. subtype 10 infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 231-7.

Blastocystis spp. is a gastrointestinal parasite that can infect both humans and animals and has the potential to become a zoonotic parasite. This study analyzed a subtype (ST) of Blastocystis spp. that had infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Fresh stool samples were collected from 108 beef cattle at Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia. Blastocystis spp. were detected both morphologically and genetically based on the 18S rRNA gene. The morphology of Blastocystis spp. from the stool samples and cultured samples were observed under a light microscope. Blastocystis spp. from 20 positive cultures were amplified through polymerase chain reaction, and the resultant sequences were identified by ST. One hundred and eight (100 %) fecal samples from the fresh or cultured stools were positive morphologically for Blastocystis spp. Molecularly, all 20 of the samples selected for DNA analysis were found to be Blastocystis spp. ST 10. Based on morphological and molecular detection, the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. infection in beef cattle within Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia, was high. About 100% were non-zoonotic parasites. This was the first report of Blastocystis spp. ST 10 found in infected beef cattle in Kamal and Socah, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia.

2 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

046829   AMRI I, ANSARIADI, AMIRUDDIN R, PALUTTURI S, MALLONGI A, NUR R, SARI N E (Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia, Email: imtihanahamri@gmail.com) : The influence of disaster counseling with animation video on prepared students in elementary school in Palu. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194482.

The Central Sulawesi region is one of the areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis in Indonesia. The low level of knowledge of the community, especially children who are the age most vulnerable to the risk of victims in a disaster. The vulnerability of children to disasters is triggered by a limited understanding of the risks around them, which results in the absence of preparedness in the face of disasters. This study aims to know the influences of disaster counseling with animation video on preparedness students in elementary school in sigi district. This research used a quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest design. 40 respondents, grade IV and V student, were determined by the total quota sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis using t-dependent and will be presented in tabular form. Shows that the average value of respondents’ knowledge before video playback (pre-test) is 83.12. Meanwhile, the average value after playing the video (post test) is equal to 92.62. This shows that an increase in the average value of respondents after the video playback. The results of the t-dependent test showed that the animation video method had a significant influence on improving preparedness (p = 0,000). Shows that counseling with animation video method can have a greater influence on the increase in preparedness. 

4 tables, 10 ref

045649   SHOME R, NAGALINGAM M, PRIYA R, SAHAY S, KALLESHAMURTHY T, SHARMA A, BAMBAL R G, RAHMAN H, SHOME B R (National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Email: rajeswarishome@gmail.com) : Perceptions and preparedness of veterinarians to combat brucellosis through Brucellosis Control Programme in India. Vet World 2020, 13(2), 222-30.

Brucellosis caused by bacteria belongs to the genus Brucella is an important zoonosis and constitutes a serious public health hazard worldwide including India. The present study aimed to estimate the knowledge of veterinarians on brucellosis, its public health threat, diagnosis, and vaccination. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2013-2015 and 453 veterinarians representing 11 states/Union Territories (UT) of India (Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab) were interviewed using self-administered questionnaire. Out of 453 veterinarians, 71.74 % stated handling of the animals on day-to-day basis and 28.25 % were engaged in administration activities. The veterinarians ranked foot-and-mouth disease and brucellosis at the first and fourth ranks among the list of ten economic impacted diseases in the country. A significant association was observed between laboratory confirmation with those who handled brucellosis-suspected cases (p=0.000). Similarly, significant association was noted for the availability of vials/slides (p=0.114), vacutainers (p=0.008), icebox (p=0.103), and refrigerator (p=0.106) for those who preferred laboratory diagnosis. Only 20% of the veterinarians recommended vaccination against bovine brucellosis, and 17% obtained laboratory confirmation for the brucellosis-suspected cases. Conclusion: The study highlighted the need for awareness programs, laboratory facilities, veterinary doctors, and protective measures for the veterinarians for combating brucellosis through the control program in the country.

4 tables, 26 ref

046828   IBRAHIM S Q, AL-HADITHI T S, ISMAIL K H (Auvergne Univ, Clermont Ferrand, France, Email: sarhang.ibrahim@hmu.edu.krd) : Overweight and obesity associated factors among high school students: a cross sectional study in Erbil. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194481.

The overweight of youth and teens is one of the fundamental issues in the world that seems to be lifestyle and Inactivity of the causes of overweight. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of obesity / overweight in high school students. In this cross-sectional study, 1,000 students in the age range 16-18 years of Erbil, Iraq in 2016- 2017 were randomly selected. Data were collected via questionnaire. Data were examined using SPSS 22 for windows and analyzed by appropriate statistical tests. surveys demonstrated that 30 % of youth aged 16 to 18 were overweight or obese. About 30 percent met physical activity guidelines; however, physical activity was not associated with overweight or obesity in this sample. Computer games, watching TV (0.007) and irregular sleep (P-value=0.019) were among other known factors/ affecting obesity/overweight in this study. According to findings, we concluded that a trend towardbeing overweight/ obese in youth and there are many factors involved, such as irregular sleep and lack of mobility in overweight. 

3 tables, 20 ref

046827   YULIFAH R (Midwifery Dep, Health Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia) : Based assistance continuum of care can increase family independence in overcoming health problems pregnant women. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194480.

Pregnancy is a natural process during pregnancy does not rule out the possibility of problems or complications that can interfere with health. This study is the development of a minimum standard of visits for pregnantwomen and the care provider acts as a ball-picker, with the aim of empowering the family to be independent in recognizing pregnancy complications, overcoming minor complaints, meeting nutritional needs, carrying out pregnancy checks and taking blood tablets. Visits are carried out continuously 15 times during pregnancy and communicating until the mother gives birth. This study usED experimental design with control. The research subjects were 120 people taken by simple random sampling. Data were collected using observation sheets, then analyzed using the logarithmic-formula (Log10). The results showed an increase in the level of family independence in recognizing complications during pregnancy, family independence in overcoming mild complaints in pregnancy, independence in fulfilling the nutritional needs of pregnant-women, family independence in carrying out pregnancy examinations, independence the family in giving tablets added blood. The average independence change is 37.4 %, based assistance continuum of care that is done by conducting intensive visits and more often can increase family independence in overcoming health problems of pregnant-women, able to reduce self care deficits, improve family capacity in meeting demands self care and families are able provide care for pregnant-women independently

4 tables, 7 ref

046826   AL-KHAYAT T H, AL-QUZWENY R M (Al-Farahidi Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : Variation of alkalinephosphatase and transaminases levels in different trimesters of pregnancy Iraqi women. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194479.

The level of enzymes Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminase (AST &ALT) were measured in 99 Iraqi pregnant women from different areas in Baghdad city and compared with a control group comprising non-pregnant women (29 women). Those pregnant women were classified into three groups according to the semester of pregnancy. (Group I to III ). New inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in this study to increase the specificity. The result revealed a significant increase in the corresponding enzymes (p0.05). This study indicate the importance of the establishment of new reference values for the above mentioned enzyme during pregnancy and unsuitability of ALP in liver function test during pregnancy.

3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

046825   ALI K M (Medicine Dep, Sulaimani Univ, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Email: kosar.ali@univsul.edu.iq) : Community acquired pneumonia; chest x-ray findings in three different times. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194478.

Community acquired pneumonia is common health problem with concerns regarding chestX-ray findings in different occasions during the disease course. The aim of this study is to compare chest-Xray findings at presentation, 3 days and 6 weeks after presentation. A prospective, observational study was conducted. The consecutive cases of single center were collected from January 2016 to January 2017. The diagnosis was made whenever there was new infiltrate in the CXR with compatible clinical features. All patients with nosocomial infection were excluded from the study. The included data were demographic characters, history, clinical examination, and CXR findings. The study included 60 patients, 44(73.3 %) were male while 16(26.7 %) were female. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 87 years with a mean age of 57.81 years. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most concomitant respiratory disease (11,18.3 %), followed by asthma (9,15 %), and pulmonary fibrosis (9,15 %), other 6 cases (10 %) had history of bronchogenic carcinoma, while pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was found in 3 cases (5 %). Cough was the most common presenting symptom which was found in all the cases (60, 100 %). Smoking did not correlated with the CXR findings significantly at presentation, 3 days and 6 weeks post complaint (P-value 0.189,0.185 , 0.265 respectively). The most common side of affection was right upper zone which was found in 20 (33.3 %) cases. Severity of the CAP significantly related to the pattern of pulmonary involvement which was evident in the CXR (P-value 0.000). community acquired pneumonia is usually diagnosed by compatible clinical presentation and radiological characteristics. Timing of CXR influences its role in both diagnosis and follow up.

1 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

045646   HIJAZEEN Z S, ISMAIL Z B, AL-MAJALI A M (Veterinary Clinical Sciences Dep, Jordan Univ of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan, Email: zuhair72@just.edu.jo) : Prevalence and risk factors of some arthropod-transmitted diseases in cattle and sheep in Jordan. Vet World 2020, 13(1), 201-5.

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) in dairy cattle in Jordan. A simple randomized study was designed to collect 600 serum samples from sheep and 300 serum samples from dairy cattle located in the Northwestern parts of Jordan. In addition, data regarding farm management were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire through personal interview to determine potential risk factors. The seroprevalences of BEF and BTVs were determined using serum neutralization test and BTV group-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against BEFV in dairy cattle was 45.37 %. The overall seroprevalence of BTV group-specific antibodies in sheep was 47.8 % (54 % true seroprevalence). Logistic regression analysis identified geographic location (Irbid) (odds ratio [OR]=1.0; confidence interval [CI]=0.5-2.1), no use of disinfectants on the farm (OR=1.0; CI=0.05-0.1), and lack of veterinary services (OR=10; CI=3.5-13.2) as risk factors associated with high seropositivity against BTV in sheep. Geographic location (Jarash) (OR=3; CI=1.0-5.5), age of the animal (1-2 years of age (OR=1; CI=0.3-1.9), and lack of veterinary services (OR=9; CI=4-11) were identified as risk factors associated with high seroprevalence against BEFV in dairy cattle.  Results of this study indicate that BEFV in dairy cattle and BTV in sheep are endemic in Northwestern regions of Jordan. Implementation of appropriate control measures is, therefore, required to reduce the adverse effects of these diseases on animal health and productivity.

3 tables, 27 ref

046824   JAFARIZADEH H, MORADI Y, RAHMANI A, AMINI A M (Urmia Univ of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran, Email: amir.mohammadamini17@gmail.com) : Bow tie model of palliative care as an early approach to providing care for patients with heart failure. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194477.

In patients with heart failure due to the complications of the disease and the lack of definitive curative treatment, in the majority of cases, the emphasis is laid on reducing these complications and the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, to manage the symptoms and the complications, and reduce the effect of the disease on the patients’ quality of life, in addition to routine care, additional care is required among which palliative care is of great importance. The present narrative review aimed to introduce bow tie model of palliative care as an early approach in care for patients with heart failure. This study introduces early palliative care for patients with heart failure by reviewing the literature on the bowtie model. Although the bow-tie model Early Palliative Care is an important part of end-of-life care, it is not limited to that stage. It is also applied for patients who are in the early stages of their disease. Based on the NYHA New York Heart Association functional classification, patients with heart failure are classified in one of four categories and it seems that bow tie model of palliative care is an effective method of reducing the symptoms, complications, and effect of the disease on the quality of life of the patients especially in the patients of Class I and class II who are in the early stages of the disease.

1 illus, 21 ref

046823   SARMAMY H M, SAEED D H (Pediatric Dentistry Dep, Hawler Medical Univ, Irbil, Iraq, Email: hemn.suleman@hmu.edu.krd) : Antibacterial properties of new cement based capping material prepared from egg shell and biopolymer (Chitosan). Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194476.

This study evaluated the antimicrobial properties of a newly prepared, cement-based capping material and biopolymer (chitosan) with Mineral Trioxide Aggrigate MTA and Biodentine. Method: The antibacterial effects of a set of specimens against Streptococcus mutans, Rothia dentocariosa, and Enterococcus faecalis were evaluated by agar diffusion tests. Thirty disc-shaped specimens (10 of each type of materials; 6 mm in diameter × 2 mm in thickness) were prepared. One specimen for each material was placed on each agar plate, and the plates incubated for 24 h. After incubation, the diameter of the inhibition zone was calculated at three different points and averaged. Statistically significant differences were found among new calcium-based capping material, MTA, and Biodentine. An ANOVA test was used to evaluate the effect of materials against each type of bacteria. This revealed that the inhibition zones produced by the new cement based capping material mixture were statistically significantly larger than those produced by the other materials. Within the limitations of the experimental methods employed in the present study, the cement-based capping material prepared from egg shells and the biopolymer chitosan has better antimicrobial properties than Biodentine and MTA.

3 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

045645   LENCHENKO E, BLUMENKRANTS D, SACHIVKINA N, SHADROVA N, IBRAGIMOVA A (Veterinary Medicine Dep, Moscow State Univ of Food Production, Moscow, Russia, Email: sachivkina@yandex.ru) : Morphological and adhesive properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Vet World 2020, 13(1), 197-200.

The study of biofilm-forming ability of Gram-negative microflora has great practical importance for assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy and finding new ways to diagnose and inhibit the growth of biofilms. This is because poor penetration of antibacterial drugs into the biofilm can lead to the selection of resistant strains and has a consequence evident by the occurrence of relapse of infection in animals. This study aimed to evaluate morphological and densitometric indicators of biofilm formation as well as adhesive properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae was cultured at 37°C for 2-144 h in vitro. The specimens for optical microscopy were prepared by fixation with a 1:1 alcohol-ether mixture for 10 min and stained with a 0.5 % solution of gentian violet for 2 min, and the optical density index was evaluated at a wavelength of 490 nm. Further, the adhesive properties of the microorganisms were determined at a concentration of 1 billion/ml and a suspension of ram erythrocytes at a concentration of 100 million/ml when cultured at 37 °C for 24 h. Blood smears were prepared and stained with 0.5 % gentian violet. K. pneumonia cultured at 37 °С after 24 h on the meat peptone agar formed large, convex, mucous, and white colonies (d=3.0-6.0 mm). With the growth in the meat and peptone broth, uniform turbidity of the medium was observed. Analyzing the optical density indices (density, D), it was found that K. pneumoniae were good producers of biofilms (D=0.528±0.31). Data for indicators of adhesive properties of K. pneumoniae were as follows: Average adhesion index, 4.56±0.14; adhesion coefficient, 1.07±0.52; and adhesion index, 4.26±0.07. The studied bacteria had high adhesive activity. A direct correlation dependence (R=0.94) of the optical density of biofilms (D≥0.514-0.551) and ААI (4.15±0.28-4.76±0.75) was established. This study has demonstrated that K. pneumoniae had high adhesive activity, was strong producer of biofilms, and the optical density of the sample exceeded the optical density of the control by more than 4 times.

2 illus, 24 ref

046822   AL-WILY M A S, AL-WALY L A M, IBRAHIM R H (Clinical Nursing Sciences Dep, Mosul Univ, Mosul, Iraq, Email: prof.dr.radhwan@uomosul.edu.iq) : Teachers’ knowledge regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder between pupils at elementary schools in Mosul City. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194475.

To assess the knowledge level of teachers’ regarding pupils with’ attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder at Mosul elementary schools. A descriptive study was applied at Mosul elementary schools in from 18th of January till 4th of June / 2019. The sample involved of (200) teachers working in the selected purposively from elementary schools from Mosul city, (100) teachers from every one side of the city, (10) teachers from each school that selected in this study. The socio-demographic characteristic of the study presents that 72 % (144) of them females, 35 % (70) at age (36-45) years old, 68.5 % (137) graduated from institute of teaching, 48 % (96) of them have (1-15) years of general experience in the field of teaching, 81 % (162) of them not have any participation in training courses in ADHD between children, 70 % (140) of them not have previously reading source of ADHD. The total teachers’ knowledge was 75.5 % (151) of them at not acceptable level. Continuous extensive special programs, training course and workshops should be design and implement at elementary schools in Mosul City.

2 tables, 15 ref

046821   TAHA J M A A (Surgery Dep, Al- Fayhaa Teaching Hospital, Basra, Iraq, Email: jassim_auib@yahoo.com) : Outcome of open intraperitoneal dual mesh versus on – Lay Mesh for incisional hernia repair. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194474.

Incisional hernia is any abdominal wall gap with or without a bulge in the area of a postoperative scar. There are different methods for treating incisional hernia . Mesh is always used to decrease the recurrence rate to less than 10 %. Different types and different methods of mesh hernioplasty. To compare the outcome of open intraperitoneal mesh versus on-lay mesh hernioplasty. This prospective study conducted in Al- Fayhaa Teaching hospital between February 2016 and February 2018. The patients with incisional hernia are divided into two groups . Group A treated by open intraperitoneal optimized composite mesh, and group B managed by on-lay mesh .the patients followed for 24 months following surgery to compare between the two groups regarding , operative time , hospital stay and post operative complications. Eighty patients included in the study . In group A , the mean operative time was ( 90 ± 10.24 minutes) while for group B was ( 70 ± 17.53 minutes ). The average hospital stay was ( 3.34 ± 1.27 days) and ( 5 ± 3.73 days) for group A and group B respectively .seroma developed in 12.5 % for intraperitoneal group and 27 % for on-lay group. Surgical site infection was 2.5 % in group A and 15 % in group B. No patient developed recurrence of hernia in group A , while 7.5 % of group B developed recurrence during the period of follow up. Open intraperitoneal mesh hernioplasty is much better than on-lay method regarding the operative time , hospital stay and post operative complications.

4 tables, 24 ref

045644   NAIR D V, RANI M U, REDDY A G, KUMAR B K, REDDY M A, LAKSHMAN M, RAJKUMAR U (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary Univ, Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: dhanyavet@gmail.com) : Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid and omega-3 fatty acids against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Vet World 2020, 13(1), 188-96.

Cyclophosphamide therapy is known to be associated with the risk of female infertility as a result of ovarian toxicity. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and omega-3 fatty acids are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated the potential protective effect of alpha-LA, omega-3 fatty acids, and its combination against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Thirty rats were equally divided into Groups I, II, III, IV, and V. Group I was normal control, wherein the rats were fed with normal feed and water ad libitum. Group II served as cyclophosphamide-induced group, wherein the rats were injected with cyclophosphamide at 75 mg/kg through intraperitoneal route once a week to induce ovarian toxicity. Groups III and IV were treated with alpha-LA at the rate of 25 mg/kg and omega-3 fatty acids at the rate of 400 mg/kg, respectively, in parallel to cyclophosphamide induction as in Group II. Group V animals were coadministered with alpha-LA (25 mg/kg) and omega-3 fatty acids (400 mg/kg) along with cyclophosphamide induction as in Group II. The respective treatments were administered daily through oral route for a period of 30 days. Regularity of estrous cycle was evaluated by vaginal cytology. Post-treatment period, the animals were humanely sacrificed, and the blood samples were subjected to the estimation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen. The ovarian tissue was weighed and subjected to histopathology, transmission electron microscopy, estimation of decreased glutathione (GSH), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Rats treated with cyclophosphamide alone manifested irregularity in estrous cycle, increased FSH, and reduced estrogen levels. The ovaries showed decreased GSH and increased TNF-alpha concentrations. Histopathological and transmission electron microscopic analysis of the ovarian follicles revealed degenerative changes. Administration of alpha-LA and omega-3 fatty acids as well as the combination of both the treatments demonstrated significant normalization of the estrous cycle and antioxidant defense mechanism as well as ameliorated the hormonal profile and histological architecture of the ovarian follicles. However, appreciable synergistic efficacy of the combination therapy (alpha-LA+omega-3 fatty acids) with respect to the monotherapies was not observed in the present study. The efficacy of alpha-LA and omega-3 fatty acids against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity could be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that prevented the oxidative damage to the ovaries caused by cyclophosphamide. Hence, our findings suggest that dietary supplementation of alpha-LA and omega-3 fatty acids in women receiving cyclophosphamide therapy could carry potential benefits in preventing cyclophosphamide-induced infertility in childbearing women.

4 illus, 1 table, 68 ref

046820   HUMAIRA N A, UTOMO S A, BASUKI H (Radiology Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya, Indonesia, Email: sriandreaniutomo48@yahoo.com) : Association of Periventricular edema thickness and optical perineal thickness in hydrocephalus non communications by magnetic resonance imaging examination. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194473.

Hydrocephalus is a complex neurological disorder that characterized by increased amounts of cerebrospinal fluid and enlargement of the cerebral ventricles also subarachnoid space. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the first choice to diagnose hydrocephalus with better anatomical features. Periventricular interstitial edema is an indication of the presence of hydrocephalus, while Magnification of the diameter in the nerve sheath is an indicator of increased intracranial pressure in humans and apes. To analyze the correlation between the periventricular thickness of edema and optic perineurium thickness in non-communicating hydrocephalus with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination. The cross-sectional study using secondary data obtained 29 samples that met the criteria from January 2014 to April 2015 which was chosen by consecutive and then analyzed. Twenty-nine samples consisted of: women 16 (55.2 %) and men 13 (44.8 %), age <10 months (13.8 %), age 10-19 months (34.5 %), age 20-29 months (34.5 %), age 30-39 months (6. 9 %), age ≥39 months (10.3 %). The age range of patients between 7 months and 46 months with mean age 21.93 ± 11.35 months. The results of the measurements showed that there was a correlation between the periventricular thickness of edema and the thickness of the optic peri nervus. There was a correlation between the periventricular thickness of edema and the thickness of the optic peri nervus. The thicker the periventricular edema, the thicker the optic peri nervus. 

3 tables, 15 ref

046819   HAYAWI M A-A (Mosul Univ, Mosul, Iraq) : Celiac disease in children with short stature (Incidence and Morphometric Study). Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194472.

A study was aimed to determine the incidence of celiac disease (CD) and to make morphometric analysis of duodenal biopsy in children already diagnosed as a short stature in Mosul city. One hundred and seventy seven children aged between 3-17 years with short stature were examined. Their age, gender, serum antitransglutaminase antibody; and small intestinal biopsy were taken. The changes in the biopsy were evaluated and graded by by Corazza and Villanacci grading system. Short stature children serologically positive for celiac disease were only subjected to small intestinal biopsy. Results revealed that most predominate age group were those between 11-17 years (mean 11.8 years), with a higher male gender (107/177, 60.4 % 0 than female (70/177, 39.6 %). Of these CD represents in 54 out of 177 children, with a grade B (b) was the predominant one (24 out from 54)(44.5 %). In conclusion, short stature can be the only symptom for celiac disease in children aged between 7-11 years with higher tendency in male than female. The health significance of short stature is to subject children to intestinal biopsy for celiac disease confirmation. 

6 illus, 39 ref

046818   HERLIANA L, CAHYATI A (Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, Email: lia.herliana@dosen.poltekkestasikmalaya.ac.id) : The influence of massage therapy on children body temperature with fever. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194471.

Massage is the oldest touch therapy known to man. With massage is expected to improve the evaporation process by widening blood vessels and opening pores in the child’s body so that fever is expected to quickly go down. This study aims to identify whether there is an effect of massage therapy on the body temperature of children who have a fever. This research used pre and posttest control group design. Research location in Hospital Dr.Soekardjo Tasikmalaya. The sample size were 41 people. The result was a significant difference in the average body temperature before and after the compress (p-value=0.000) and massage therapy (p-value=0.000) in both the first and second measurements. Comparison of temperature reduction before and after the compress and massage therapy results were significant at first measurement (p-value=0.002) but not significant in the second measurement (p-value=0.0388). It is expected that nurses on duty in the children’s room can increase the participation of families in handling health in children, especially children with fever. And for researchers, further research should be done regarding massage therapy with the use of topical alternative medicine to further enrich family knowledge in the management of sick children.

6 tables, 15 ref

045641   AL-SAADI M H A (Veterinary Internal Medicine Dep, Al-Qadisiyah Univ, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq, Email: mohammed.alsaadi@qu.edu.iq) : Multilocus analysis of Gallid herpesvirus 1 in layer chickens in Iraq. Vet World 2020, 13(1), 170-6.

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) causes a highly pathogenic respiratory disease that affects poultry. It is also known as Gallid herpesvirus 1. ILT prophylaxis measures often include using live attenuated vaccines. The live attenuated vaccine can, however, lead to the formation of new strains of ILTV as a result of vaccine reversion and recombination with field strains. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the multilocus variation of ILTV strains of field and vaccine origin. Samples were tested from two distinctive geographical areas in Iraq as little is known about the ILTV genetic diversity within these areas. The polymerase chain reaction method was utilized to generate sequencing templates of six highly polymorphic genes, including UL54, UL52, gB, ICP18.5, ICP4, and gJ in the layer chicken sample (n=15). The Western blotting technique was also employed to detect and estimate the native molecular weight of gE. The results revealed an important degree of genetic relatedness between the field and vaccine strains across all genes. In addition, gE was found to be expressed natively at 49 kDa.  The findings of this study may be used to improve the production process of the vaccine for more effective ILT prophylaxis and could further the understanding of epidemiologists and immunologists to better control ILT in the future.

1 illus, 9 tables, 24 ref

045640   DERBAKOVA A, ZOLOVS M, KEID?NE D, ŠTEINGOLDE Z (Latvia Univ of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004, Email: maksims.zolovs@du.lv) : Effect of immunoglobulin G concentration in dairy cow colostrum and calf blood serum on Cryptosporidium spp. invasion in calves. Vet World 2020, 13(1), 165-9.

The research aimed to test the association between the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in bovine colostrum and calf blood serum and to evaluate its relation to Cryptosporidium spp. invasion in calves. Fresh colostrum and fecal specimens from cows (n=114) as well as blood and fecal specimens from newborn calves (n=114) were collected in the dairy cattle farm. Investigated calves were separated from their mothers directly after birth and received 2 L of colostrum in two separate feedings within the first 24 h. Blood samples were taken from calves at the age of 2 days. Coprological samples were taken from calves at the age of 1, 10, and 15 days. Both colostrum and fecal samples from cows were taken on the 1st day after calf birth. Rectal fecal samples were collected separately from each calf and cow into plastic bags. The collected calf serum samples and bovine colostrum samples were tested for bovine IgG by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit bovine Ig. To record oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. in feces, the flotation method was used. Binomial logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of IgG in bovine colostrum and calf blood serum on the likelihood of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in calves.  The concentration of IgG in bovine colostrum was higher (70.7±26.6 g/L, mean±standard deviation) than that in calf blood serum (13.2±6.1 g/L); the statistically significant difference was 57.4 g/L (95% confidence interval, 52.4-62.4), t (124.872)=22.536, p0.05). The logistic regression model was not statistically significant (χ2 (2)=0.013, p=0.99 (10 days) and χ2 (2)=0.100, p=0.95 (15 days)).  Mother passive transfer of immunity to the offspring through colostrum does not influence the susceptibility of calves to Cryptosporidium infestation.

1 illus, 35 ref

046817   NURHAENI H, ARYANI R, SURYATI B, NURAENI A (Health Polytechnic of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia) : Effectiveness of Stress-Adaptation and Cognitive Behavior (SACB) Model for independent health recovery for clients with coronary heart disease in the community. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194470.

The main risk factors of coronary heart disesase are: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking, as factors that can be controlled and are reversible. Other risk factors are age, race, gender, heredity, geography, diet, obesity, diabetes, exercise, behavior and other life habits, stress, social changes and reversible mass changes. Lifestyle management, stopping smoking and effective changes in hypertension can reduce risk and death. Through this research, it is expected that the effectiveness of the Stress-Adaptation and Cognitive Behavior (SACB) Model on the ability to independently recover health care for clients with coronary heart disesase. The design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group. Samples were 29 patients with coronary heart disesase in RW 03 and RW 08, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta, which were selected by cluster random sampling technique, which were further divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention given was the Stress-Adaptation and Cognitive Behavior (SACB) model. The research instrument was the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) and modified the SF-36 Mental Health Index and Social Functioning subscale. Measurements included rehabilitation behavior, self recovery, blood pressure and pulse. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires, then analyzed using logistic regression tests and Mancova. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the Stress-Adaptation and Cognitive Behavior (SACB) Model is effective for building the ability of people with coronary heart disesase to recover health independently.

6 tables, 10 ref

046816   SUHITA B M, KUSUMAWATI P D, SAPUTRO H, YUSUF A (Institute of Health Science, Kediri, Indonesia) : Mechanism of family-coping in treating patient with schizophrenia viewed from factors that affected it at public health center of Balowerti, Kediri. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194469.

Coping is a cognitive process and behavior that aims at reducing depression while facing stress situation. Treating patient with schizophrenia is a stressor for family and the family will tend to undergo pressure situation from either the environment or the inside part until it can influence family-coping in treating family who suffers mental disorder, such as schizophrenia. Moreover, this research aimed at knowing factors that influenced mechanism of family-coping in treating patient with schizophrenia. Data analysis utilized logistic-regression-test. The result showed that the factors that influenced against family-coping were selfesteem and social-support, meanwhile, the factors that did not influence it were knowledge, stress, and patient’s behavior in social-isolation.

2 tables, 24 ref

045638   TOALEB N I, HELMY M S, SHANAWANY E E E, ABDEL-RAHMAN E H (Parasitology and Animal Diseases Dep, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Email: nagwaibrahim26@yahoo.com) : A simple and efficient purification method of native immunoreactive antigen for diagnosis of camel hydatidosis. Vet World 2020, 13(1), 141-6.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease that affects animal and human health, is of increasing economic importance due to high morbidity rates and high economic losses in the livestock industry. Aim: The present study was conducted to purify the antigen from hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) with high diagnostic efficacy of camel hydatidosis using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and Methods: The HCF antigen was purified using Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography. Characterization of fractions was performed using reducing and non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. Further, antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus cysts in camel serum were detected using indirect ELISA. Results: The purification process resulted in three fractions of antigens: FI, FII, and FIII. Indirect ELISA showed that higher diagnostic efficacy was observed in FI than in FII and FIII. Indirect ELISA, in which FI was utilized, showed 88% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Non-reducing SDS-PAGE showed that FI had two bands of molecular weights 120 and 60 kDa. Western blot analysis of FI demonstrated that 60, 38, and 22 kDa were antigenic bands when reacted with naturally infected camel sera with E. granulosus cysts. Using indirect ELISA, F1 recorded an infection percentage of 81.7% in randomly collected camel serum samples. Conclusion: FI is a promising antigen for accurate diagnosis of camel CE using indirect ELISA.

5 illus, 40 ref

045638   TOALEB N I, HELMY M S, SHANAWANY E E E, ABDEL-RAHMAN E H (Parasitology and Animal Diseases Dep, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Email: nagwaibrahim26@yahoo.com) : A simple and efficient purification method of native immunoreactive antigen for diagnosis of camel hydatidosis. Vet World 2020, 13(1), 141-6.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease that affects animal and human health, is of increasing economic importance due to high morbidity rates and high economic losses in the livestock industry. Aim: The present study was conducted to purify the antigen from hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) with high diagnostic efficacy of camel hydatidosis using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and Methods: The HCF antigen was purified using Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography. Characterization of fractions was performed using reducing and non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. Further, antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus cysts in camel serum were detected using indirect ELISA. Results: The purification process resulted in three fractions of antigens: FI, FII, and FIII. Indirect ELISA showed that higher diagnostic efficacy was observed in FI than in FII and FIII. Indirect ELISA, in which FI was utilized, showed 88% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Non-reducing SDS-PAGE showed that FI had two bands of molecular weights 120 and 60 kDa. Western blot analysis of FI demonstrated that 60, 38, and 22 kDa were antigenic bands when reacted with naturally infected camel sera with E. granulosus cysts. Using indirect ELISA, F1 recorded an infection percentage of 81.7% in randomly collected camel serum samples. Conclusion: FI is a promising antigen for accurate diagnosis of camel CE using indirect ELISA.

5 illus, 40 ref