017710   Sanjeev Kumar;Singh H;Pandey V;Singh B D (School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: brahmadsingh@gmail.com) : In vitro multiplication of pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica) through nodal explant culture, and testing the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants using RAPD markers. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 581-8.

An efficient in vitro propagation system - 142 - was developed for large-scale multiplication of a high yielding line (IIVRPG-102) of pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) utilizing nodal segments. A procedure for surface sterilization, involving a combination of treatments with cetrimide (1.0%) for 30 min, trimethoprim (0.05%) and dimethycarbendazim (0.2%) for 2 h, and finally with 0.1% HgCl₂ for 3 min, was standardized yielding 87% contamination-free cultures. Plant growth regulator (PGR)-free MS medium was adequate for inducing bud break in up to 81.5% of the explants. Addition of PGRs like NAA, and thiadizuron had a small but significant effect on the frequency of responding explants. The highest number of shoots per explant (7.6) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L^-1 BA. Root induction was achieved with NAA or IBA treatment. The best rooting responses were obtained on a medium containing 0.1 mg L^-1 (89.0%) or 0.2 mg L^-1 IBA (87.0% rooted shoots). The micropropagated shoots with well-developed roots were acclimatized and thereafter successfully transplanted to a glasshouse with 90.6% survival rate. PCR analysis with 25 random decamer primers yielded monomorphic products in the micropropagated plants identical to those of the mother clone, confirming the genetic uniformity of the regenerated plants. This protocol could be applied to produce a large number of propagules of high-yielding selections to fulfill commercial demand.

2 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

017709   Salim;Saleh;Al-Timmimi (Market Research & Consumer Protection Canter, Baghdad Univ, Iraq) : Characterization of iron nanoparticle preparation from Punica granatum Peel. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 213-16.

In the preset study, synthesis iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄-NPs) were synthesized using a rapid, single step and completely green biosynthetic method by reduction of ferric chloride solution with Punica granatum water extract containing sulphated polysaccharides as amain factor which acts as reducing agent and efficient stabilizer. The structural and properties of the Fe3O4-NPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction, FTIR Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and Ultra violates UV. The diameter of iron nanoparticles was predominantly found within the range 15-35 nm.

3 illus, 16 ref

017708   Sairkar P K;Sharma A;Shukla N P (Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, M.P. Council of Science and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: sairkar_pramod04@yahoo.com) : Estimation of guggulsterone E and Z in the guggul-based commercial formulations using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017, 9(1), 1-7.

Guggulsterone (GS) is a plant steroid and bioactive compound present in gum Guggul of Commiphora wightii. An Indian herbal medicine system "Ayurveda" has a long history of use of gum Guggul and plant extract of C. wightii as medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. Complex nature, low availability, and inconsistency of phytoconstituents make its analysis of difficult tasks. In this work, six different Guggul-based herbal formulations were examined for estimation of GS and their isomers (E and Z) through high-performance thin-layer chromatography technique. For that various concentrations of standard E-GS and Z-GS (50 ng-250 ng/spot) with samples (20 μg/spot) were applied on silica gel coated aluminum plate and developed with the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (6:2:1:0.5). The scanning was performed at 254 nm wavelength and the absorbance (scan) spectrum of E-GS and Z-GS peak was generated at 200 nm-400 nm wavelength range. Rf value and scan spectrum pattern of the samples reveal that they contain either one form of GS (E-GS, Z-GS) or both. The quantity of E-GS and Z-GS within the samples was ranged from 0.230 ± 0.0040-0.926 ± 0.0168% to 0.537 ± 0.0026-0.723 ± 0.0177%, respectively.

6 illus, 2 tables, 60 ref

017707   Sahdev A K;Sethi B;Singh A;Anand P (NO, Innovative College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh) : Comparative study of the different parts of Acacia arabica (desi babool) & prosopis julifera (vilayati babool). Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(10), 44-56.

Natural products are products from various natural sources, plants, microbes and animals. They can be an entire organism (e.g. a plant, an animal or a micro-organism), a part of an organism (e.g. leaves or flowers of a plant, an isolated animal organ). The present study was aimed at pharmacognostical study. Plants Acacia Arabica and Prosopis julifera were studied for pharmacognostical characteristic, namely, morphology, microscopy, physicochemical, parameters which can be of utilized in identification and Authentication of plants. Successive, extractive and phytochemical screening revealed the present of tannin alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids in various extracts however most of the medicinally potential phytoconstituents where present in alcoholic and aqueous extracts, result shows that the leaf of Acacia arabica had maximum moisture content followed by stem bark, and twig, while Prosopis julifera twig had maximum moisture content followed by bark and twig. Acacia arabica has more percentage of Ash content followed by stem bark and twig. But in Prosopis julifera twig contain maximum percentage followed by stem bark and twig. Leaf of Acacia arabica has maximum percentage of Ash content. In-vitro DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the methanolic extract of all the parts of Acacia Arabica and Prosopis julifera. were compared with Ascorbic acid and quercitin (standard used) was observed which showed that extract of Arabica leaf shows higher activity followed by bark, and twigs. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml the scavenging activity of - 141 - the leaf reached 62.34%, while at the same concentration bark and twig have 52.3% and 52.35% activity, Prosopis leaf have minimum 40.88% activity and twig and bark have 49.4% and 50%activity.we have done the comparative pharmacognostical study between Acacia arabica and Prosopis julifera and conclude that Acacia arabica plays more significant role and has more scientific value.

22 illus, 25 tables, 67 ref

017706   Roy N;Agrawal M;Chaudhary S;Tirkey V;Dhwaj A; Mishra N (NO, , Applied Science Div, IIIT, Room no 5059, CC-III, Allahabad-211 012, Email: nidhimishra@iiita.ac.in) : Permeation enhancers: A major breakthrough in drug delivery technology. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1001-11.

The human skin serves as an impediment, a thermo regulator and prevents excessive loss of water from the internal organs. Various ways of transferring the drugs have been developed by modifying the barrier properties of the skin. Enhancement in skin penetration by hydration of the stratum corneum, or by use of chemical enhancers acting on the lipids and keratinized structures in the stratum corneum, partitioning and solubility effects is a promising tool in potential clinical applications. Penetration enhancement is a new emerging technology which has the potential to increase the number of drugs taken trans-dermally. Also the drugs with short biological half-life could be easily administered. Among many advantages over other routes the three crucial ones are avoiding metabolism in liver, minimal negative effects and increased bioavailability. Also, the stratum corneum prevents the loss of physiologically essential substances and as a result provides penetration resistance by acting as a protective barrier. This is the rate limiting step in the absorption of the drug percutaneously. In this review article, we present a summary of various advances made in the field of permeation enhancers based on literature survey of various research articles.

^iia19 ref

017705   Rohilla A K;Sindhu A;Sharma R K;Khatri P; Jamdagni P;Rana J S (Biotechnology Dep, DCR Univ of Science & Technology, Murthal-131 039, Email: ashok.rohilla@gmail.com) : Molecular assessment of genetic diversity among accessions of medicinal shrub nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) from north and central India. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 176-84.

Molecular characterization of 16 accessions of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. collected from different eco-geographical regions of north and central India was carried out to assess genetic diversity using RAPD markers. During RAPD analysis, amplification of genomic DNA of 16 accessions by 40 random primers generated 275 scorable bands with an average of 8.59 bands per primer, of which 180 (65.45%) bands were polymorphic and 95 (34.54%) bands were monomorphic. Each primer generated a unique set amplification product ranging in size from 200 to 2200 bp. The number of bands produced per primer ranged from 4 to 13. The PIC value ranged from 0.703 to 0.909 with an average of 0.848. The RAPD based Jaccard's pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient for Nyctanthes accessions ranged from 0.873 to 0.680. The association amongst different accessions was presented in the form of UPGMA generated dendrogram which clearly segregated all the 16 accessions into two major clusters with equal number of genotypes in each cluster. The major clusters 'A' and 'B' were further divided into two sub-clusters. The results obtained indicated that N. arbor-tristis accessions, collected from diverse, possessed - 140 - moderate level of genetic diversity and this information can be further used for the improvement of Nyctanthes for various traits through different breeding methods.

2 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

017704   Ravinder Kumar;Naik P K;Anil Kumar;Aggarwal H;Ashok Kumar;Chhokar V (Bio and Nano Technology Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: vinodchhokar@yahoo.com) : Combined approach using RAPD, ISSAR and bioactive compound for the assessment of genetic diversity in Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 538-49.

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.is an important medicinal plant valued all over the world for its pharmacological importance. Despite limited knowledge of the levels of genetic diversity and relatedness, their cultivation as a source of valuable secondary metabolites is widespread. In order to facilitate reasoned scientific decisions on its conservation and for selective breeding programme, aloin content and genetic diversity analysis of 55 genotypes were performed. Aloin content in the leaves of 55 genotypes varied from 3.29 to 276.76 mg/g of dry wt. Twenty six RAPD and fourteen ISSR primers amplified a total of 236 and 111 scorable bands, of which 86.44 and 72.07% were polymorphic, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated high genetic variation among genotypes. Genetic variation among genotypes grouped into low, intermediate and high aloin content was negligible, 5.4% (RAPD) and 4.08% (ISSR). The dendrogram obtained from Neighbor-joining and STRUCTURE analysis revealed splitting of genotypes into four clusters with no clear distinction between low, intermediate and high aloin content genotypes. Results showed that genetic variability, using RAPD and ISSR, was not associated with aloin content. However, both the markers revealed high genetic variation among genotypes, which is important in the conservation and exploitation of A. vera genetic resources.

5 illus, 7 tables, 44 ref

017703   Raju S K;Basavanna P L;Nagesh H N;Shanbhag A D (Pharmacology Dep, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, Email: santhudoc@gmail.com) : Anticonvulsant activity of Withania somnifera (Dunal) in albino rats. Natn J Physiol Pharm Pharmac 2017, 7(1), 17-21.

The present study is an investigation of antiepileptic activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a well-known plant which is being used in tuberculosis, emaciation, sterility, and it has immunomodulatory, anabolic, anti-inflammatory, and antianxiety activities. Objectives was to find the efficacy of the alcoholic extract of W. somnifera (Dunal) in preventing experimentally-induced seizures. The alcoholic extract of W. somnifera was subjected to pilot study and then screened for anticonvulsant activity on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures models in albino Wistar rats. Animals were treated with W. somnifera at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg body weight and compared the results with control and standard. Study results showed that W. somnifera extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight when compared to control group highly significant (P <60> 0.01) reduction of hindlimb tonic extension and postictal depression in MES. PTZ-induced seizures showed significantly reduced mean duration of hindlimb tonic flexion, hindlimb tonic extension, clonus, and stupor and there was no postictal depression. The alcoholic extract of W. somnifera (Dunal) has shown a significant anticonvulsant effect at the dose of 300 - 139 - mg/kg body weight, both in MES method and PTZ method and has given higher protection rate against pentylenetetrazol seizure than MES.

2 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

017702   Rajiv Kumar;Kumar S;Swarnkar C P;Singh D (Animal Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI) Avikanagar, Tonk-304 501, Email: rajivbiotech028@gmail.com) : Allelic variant analysis of MHC DRB-1 coding region in garole: The prolific sheep of India. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 507-10.

DRB-1 gene is encoded by class IIa region of the major histocompatability complex (MHC) and is one of the major expressed class II DRB genes in sheep. Certain DRB alleles have been associated with nematode infections, which is an economically important parasitic disease in sheep. In the present study, full coding region of the DRB-1 gene was characterized from random population of Garole sheep. Sequence analysis revealed that an open reading frame (ORF) was consisted of 801 base pair (bp) translating into a 266 amino acid long chain. High degree of nucleotide and amino acid polymorphism was found in the peptide binding region (PBR). Sequence comparison among DRB-1 transcripts of sheep breeds revealed that different alleles of DRB-1 of Garole corresponded to the DRB-1 allelic transcripts of sheep available in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). However, some alleles do not correspond and might be unique for Garole sheep. Results indicated that the majority of amino acid substitutions were located in the β-1 domain of the DRB-1 gene of Garole sheep.

3 illus, 21 ref

017701   Rajesh Babu V;Nikhat S R (NO, MESCO College of Pharmacy Mustaidpura, Karwan Road, Hyderabad-06, Telangana, Email: rajeshbabuvemula@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of indapamide sustained release matrix tablets.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1255-9.

The study was undertaken with an aim to formulate anti-hypertensive agents as sustained release matrix tablets. The literature review showed that Indapamide is an anti hypertensive / diuretics in SR dosage form 50% of drug is released between 5-14hrs and 20-80ng/ml blood level is obtained for 24 hrs and SR form permits uniform and constant blood level after absorption of - 138 - galenic form by oral route up to now it is available as IR with an dose of 2.5mg/day which results in considerable blood peaks, it is formulated as SR form to avoid and maintain constant blood level and to maintain better theraupetic index. In the present study, HPMC was found to play a great role in controlling release of drug Indapamide from the matrix system. Incorporation of HPMC K 100 M CR as release controlling polymer in extra granular fraction was found helpful in restoring the original and still closer release profile.

10 ref

017700   Pequeno A;Miranda Y;Rodriguez G;Valverde V; Alvarez L;Da Silva T;Da Silva V (Anatomy Dep, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica) : Effect of physalins on the modulation of NF-kB and its possible implications of glucose homeostasis. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(6), 30-3.

Physalins are steroidal lactone constituents of physalis and other closely related genera that belong to the Solanaceae family. These secondary metabolites have attracted much attention in recent years due to their various biological effects: they are anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antibacterial and anti-diabetic. Researchers have shown that physalins are potential inhibitors of NF-kB activation via inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IkBα. Moreover, studies performed in a variety of cell and animal-based experimental systems suggest that NF-kB activation is a key event in the early pathobiology of diabetes. Therefore, these results indicate that physalins can be considered as a novel class of NF-kB inhibitors, which are promising as innovative anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders and diabetes. This review discusses current knowledge about physalins, and evidence of its effects on the modulation of NF-kB, as well as its implications for glucose homeostasis and the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

60 ref

017699   Paul P;Malakar A K;Chakraborty S (Biotechnology Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: supriyoch2008@gmail.com) : Mutation-selection balance acting on the ribosomal genes in Medicago truncatula Gaertn.. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 485-90.

In recent times, ribosomal protein genes are widely used as reference genes for expressional studies. The present study has analyzed the base compositional variation of Medicago truncatula ribosomal genes for level of expression using bioinformatics. Mononucleotide and dinucleotide usage bias and eventually the codon usage bias were observed in all the genes and thought to result from translational pressure. The ribosomal genes showed positional preference for nucleobases at specific codon positions. To elucidate more precisely the positional preferences, the coding sequences were randomized keeping the actual base composition constant. The randomized sequences showed low stability as compared to their native/natural sequences. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the native sequence free energy values and the gene expression level. These results altogether suggest that natural selection and mutational pressure might act coherently on the ribosomal genes to keep the best mono/dinucleotide arrangement within the coding sequence in view of the mRNA stability, fidelity of translation and the level of gene expression.

2 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

017698   Patel T L;Patel B C;Roat C;Tipre D R;Dave S R (Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, School of Sciences, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: shaileshrdave@yahoo.co.in) : Cost effective bioprocess for actual dye manufacturing industrial wastewater using statistical tool. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2015, 52(5-6), 316-27.

Dye contaminated wastewater is a cause of concern in textile and dyeing industry. By law, it is now mandatory to treat colour along with chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the effluent to required standards before discharging the same. In this context, bioremediation of textile effluent by bacterial consortium has gained considerable attention as it is relatively cost-effective and eco-friendly. Here, we propose a novel bacterial consortium consisting of Bacillus sp., Proteus mirabilis, Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus cereus, capable of removing 70% ADMI and 65% COD of effluent in mineral medium with 100% removal of heavy metals present in the effluent. Medium formulation by response surface methodology (RSM) method resulted in 89% COD reduction and 84% ADMI reduction from the SSDM effluent. The consortium was capable for degradation of SSDM effluent having as high as 21000 ADMI colour value. Analysis of untreated and treated SSDM effluent on UV-Vis spectroscopy and HPLC confirmed the mineralization of SSDM effluent. Induction of intracellular azo reductase (838%, 780%), NADH-DCIP reductase (288%, 216%) in addition to extracellular tyrosinase (102%, 309%) in F-MSMUJ and MSMYG medium, respectively indicates the vital role of oxido-reductive enzymes in the mineralization process. Single cell gel electrophoresis technique using Allium cepa showed decrease in tail length of comet for treated effluent compared to the untreated. Complete germination (100%) of plant seeds, Vigna radiata and Trigonella foenum-graecum, was achieved after treatment by the consortium in contrast to a meagre 20 and 30% germination of the respective plants in case of untreated effluent. Batch and fed batch treatment of SSDM effluent showed significant tolerance of consortium at high effluent load.

4 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

017697   Parihar G;Balekar N (IPS Academy, College of Pharmacy, Hukhmakedhi, Rajendra Nagar, A.B. Road, Indore-452 012, Email: neelambalekar@gmail.com) : Isolation and characterisation of stigmast-5-en-3-ol (β-sitosterol) from Calotropis procera latex ethyl acetate fraction for immunomodulatory activity. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1375-80.

Aim of this study was to identify and characterise the bioactive principles from the latex of Calotropis procera which could influence cellular and humoral aspects of immune system which may influence immune disorders. Calotropis procera R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae), commonly known as milk weed or swallow-wort, is a medicinal plant widely used as a folk medicine in India. It exhibits a wide spectrum of - 136 - pharmacological activities shown by various research activities till date like anti microbial, anticancer wound healing. After successive extraction of dried latex ethyl acetate extract of latex was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. The two fractions obtained (EA I and II) were tested for immunomodulatory activity using delayed type hypersensitivity and humoral antibody titre by antigenic sheep RBCs. The active molecule was isolated, based upon bioassay guided fractionation, and identified as β-sitosterol on spectral evidence. Only the fraction (EA I) containing β- Sitosterol showed promising humoral and cellular activity with Primary HA titre value 201.29 ± 2.35 and secondary HA titre value 296.51 ± 1.45. β- Sitosterol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid was extracted for the first time from the latex of Calotropis procera and characterized by spectral studies UV, IR, NMR and MASS. The presence of appreciable amounts of β- Sitosterol in the latex may account for its various pharmacological activities. The present study provides some scientific evidence for the traditional use of Calotropis procera in the immunomodulatory activity, which could play some role in humoral and cellular response in immunity.

31 ref

017696   Padaria J C;Biswas K;Bhatt D;Raipuria R;Prabu R;Vishwakarma H;Singh G P (Biotechnology and Climate Change Lab, ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB) Pusa Cam, New Delhi-110 012, Email: jasdeep_kaur64@yahoo.co.in) : Transcriptional profiling of heat stress responsive genes in different developmental stages of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 467-76.

Transcriptional regulation of heat stress response is a complex phenomenon in crop plants, which needs to be evaluated at molecular level for its proper understanding. The present study aimed at identifying differentially expressed heat responsive genes in a thermo-tolerant Indian wheat cultivar Raj3765. Wheat plants of Raj3765 and HD2967 (heat susceptible genotype) were exposed to heat stress at 37° and 42°, respectively for different time intervals (30 min to 6 h) at four developmental stages (seedling, tillering, stem elongation & anthesis) and leaf samples collected. Total RNA isolated from leaf samples was used for constructing eight forward subtracted cDNA libraries. A total of 1016 ESTs were generated and assembled into a collection of 377 unigenes, including 114 contigs and 270 singletons. About 23.22 and 20.47% unigenes showed similarities to stress related and abiotic stimulus related genes, respectively; of which 12.59% showed similarities to genes for heat stress responsive functions. Differential expression analysis in response to heat stress of selected six genes by quantitative Real Time-PCR showed up regulation of all the six genes in Raj 3765 as compared to HD2967. The study identified several heat stress responsive genes that can be deployed for development of thermotolerant transgenic wheat.

3 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

017695   Navaneetha K;Jabili N;Reddy B V;Saritha T (Pharmaceutics Dep, School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society's Group of, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Formulation and in vitro evaluation of elvitegravir solid - 135 - dispersion. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(9), 29-32.

The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of elvitegravir solid dispersions to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug. They are usually presented as amorphous products, mainly obtained by two major different methods, for example, fusion and solvent evaporation. Among the different methods of preparation of solid dispersion, fusion method was found to be most effective. FTIR studies were performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carriers and found to be compatible. Solid dispersion of elvitegravir was prepared with PEG 6000, Urea and Mannitol in different drug: carrier ratio using different methods. The prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for solubility analysis, drug content, In-vitro drug release studies and SEM studies. The formulation FSDPN3 containing PEG 6000 showed highest drug release within 20mins.

3 illus, 11 tables, 14 ref

017694   Mondal S;Datta S;Mukhopadhay A;Bhattacharya P (Chemical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: sdatta_che@rediffmail.com) : Studies on isolation, optimization and bioprocess engineering behaviour of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana. Indian chem Engr 2017, 59(1), 41-56.

In the present investigation entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana was isolated from its soil source. Selective antibiotics with regulated dose were used to isolate the targeted spore in pure form. Chemotaxonomic studies involving lactophenol cotton blue staining, field emission scanning electron microscopy and the 28S rDNA gene sequencing method had revealed the microorganism to be B. bassiana. Hyphal growth has been optimized by using the response surface methodology taking three independent variables, namely concentration of dextrose, temperature and time of incubation and the results have been validated with R² =0.9941. Three-dimensional plots of response versus different combinations of independent variables quantitatively show the optimization results (concentration of dextrose 20 kg/m³, temperature 300.50 K and incubation time 16.00 days). Studies on biomass growth dynamics show that the related hyphal growth can be well explained by Monod's classical model equation.

6 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

017693   Mohan M;Chintala S;Yarlagadda S (Pharmacology Dep, MGV College of Pharmacy, Panchavati, Nashik-422 003, Email: mm_nasik@yahoo.co.in) : Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. leaves in tacrine- induced orofacial dyskinesia by assessing its neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in rats. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(4), 277-81.

The present study investigated the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. against tacrine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Behavioral assessments such as vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, orofacial bursts, locomotion, and cognition were recorded. Forebrain of tacrine treated animals was assessed for its antioxidant levels. P. guajava (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P <60>0.05) inhibited tacrine induced vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, orofacial bursts and significantly (P <60>0.05) increased locomotion and cognition. Treatment with P. guajava (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant elevation in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the forebrain region as compared to the tacrine treated group of animals. Results suggest that P. guajava extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) has good potential to ameliorate tacrine induced orofacial dyskinesia.

5 tables, 28 ref

017692   Mohammed B J (Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute for Postgraduate Studi, Baghdad Univ, Iraq) : Inhibitory effect of Thuja occidentalis against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical wounds in vitro and in vivo. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 352-7.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, conceders as a major bacterial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who are suffered from wounds and burns, it's characterized by highly antibiotic resistance. The research was designed to study the inhibitory effect of Thuja occidentalis against growth of P. aeruginosa which was isolated from surgical wounds in vitro and in vivo. P. aeruginosa isolated from thirty five swabs were collected from patients who suffered from surgical wounds infection. The results of determining inhibitory effect of Thuja occ against P. aeruginosa using optical density technique (O.D) showed that alcohol and aqueous extracts of Thuja occ were effective against P. aeruginosa in different concentrations and had the best effect at (50%) concentration which reach to (O.D 0.043) in aqueous extract and (O.D 0.050) in alcohol extract while the least effect was observe at (10%) concentration with O.D value reached to (1.611) in aqueous extract and (1.725) in alcohol extract. The result of determining inhibitory effect according to well diffusion method showed that Thuja occ had the best effect at (50%) concentration with inhibition zone reached to (21) millimeter in aqueous extract and (18mm) in alcohol extract while the less effect was observe at (10%) concentration which reached to (13mm) in aqueous extracts and (10mm) in alcohol extract. The outcomes of in vivo study clarified that P. aeruginosa caused clinical gross pathological effect in rat liver tissues when applied topically (0.1 ml) of (1.5 x 10⁸ cfuml) P. aeruginosa on their induced wounds, such as irregular arrangement and degeneration of hepatocytes with hemorrhage, sclerosing bile duct that surrounded with lymphocytes and fibroblast, as well the blood culture gave positive result for P. aeruginosa. That effect was decreased when applied topically (0.1) ml P. aeruginosa and Thuja occ aqueous extract (5 mg/kg) on their wounds as challenge dose which the sections showed decrease the lesions, normal appearance hypatocyte, slight congestion in central vein and a few filtration of inflammatory cell in the portal area. Whereas the results revealed - 134 - that the comet assay wasn't showed any positive outcomes which mean that P. aeruginosa infection in rats wasn't induced DNA breakage. The data reflect the ability of Thuja occ to reduce P. aeruginosa infections in vitro and certain clinical pathological changes in rat blood and livers, with promising encourage to use it as biotherapeutic agents against this bacteria.

5 illus, 25 ref

017691   Minateli M M;Del-Vechio-Vieira G;Yamamoto C H;Araujo A L S M;Rodarte M P;Alves M S;Sousa O V (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Univ of Juiz de Fora, Rua Jose Lourenco Kelmer, s/n, Campus Universitario, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil, Email: orlando.sousa@ufjf.edu.br) : Phytochemical contents and biological properties of Vernonia polyanthes less. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1427-36.

Vernonia polyanthes Less. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant that has been broadly used in Brazil for the treatment of inflammation and cutaneous damages. The present study evaluated the phytochemical contents and the antioxidant and topical anti-inflammatory activities of the V. polyanthes branches. Dried and powdered of V. polyanthes branches were exhaustively extracted with ethanol by static maceration followed by partition to obtain the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. Phytochemical screening and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents - 133 - were determined using chemical reactions and spectrophotometry, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, reducing power of Fe⁺³ and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. The topical anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract (EEVPB) and ethyl acetate fraction (EFVPB) were investigated in Croton oil-, arachidonic acid-, and phenol-induced ear edema models. Tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids and steroids, saponins and alkaloids were detected in the ethanol extract and/or fractions. In these samples, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied from 0.65 ± 0.07 to 12.58 ± 0.67 g/100 g and 0.15 ± 0.02 to 4.75 ± 0.21 g/100 g, respectively. After topical application, EEVPB and EFVPB significantly (p <60> 0.01 or p <60> 0.001) reduced ear edema induced by three phlogistic agents (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/ear). These results suggest that V. polyanthes is an important and promising source of bioactive compounds with relevant biological properties and can be used as a strategy to develop new products for the treatment of skin conditions related to oxidative damage.

32 ref

017690   Manzo L M;Moussa I;Ikhiri K (Key Laboratory of Natural Substances, School of Science and Technology, Abdou Moumouni Univ, Niamey, Niger) : Phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants used against diarrhea in niger, West Africa. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(5), 32-8.

Medicinal plants including Lannea acida, Acacia nilotica, Bauhinia rufescens, Boswellia dalzielli, Combretum micranthum, Sclerocarya birrea, Prosopis americana and Combretum nigricans are the main herbal agents traditionally used by most Niger people to treat diarrhea. To value the traditional use of these plants, different organs were collected, dried, powdered and separately extracted using water, methanol and ethanol. The alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid and phenol contents in all these plants were estimated using standard methods. It was observed that all eight plants contained flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and phenols. The alkaloids were present in all plants except Sclerocarya birrea. Our study indicates that the all medicinal plants selected in the present work are rich in phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and phenols. The presence of these important chemicals groups could permit to justify their traditional usage against diarrhea.

2 tables, 73 ref

017689   Magesh R;Dhanasekar R;Jayaprakash K;Sivakumar K (Biotechnology Dep, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Padalam-603 308, Email: rajinimagesh@rediff.com) : Biodegradation of tannery effluent hexavalent chromium by Aspergillus niger using egg shell packed bed reactor. Pollut Res 2017, 36(1), 43-7.

Tannery effluent is well known for the contamination of toxic hexavalent chromium VI. Although many chemical and physical treatments are suggested, there is no a well proved treatment technique for the complete degradation of chromium salts. There is a scope for the application of biotechnological methods for the treatment of the tannery effluent. - 132 - The present study involves identification and culture of a biodegradative tropical potential fungus Aspergillus niger as a bio agent for the biotransformation. The results have exhibited that the inoculum of said fungi in effluent media has significantly reduced the chromium level (7.1 mg/L to 4.3 mg/L). In order to increase the contact time of the microbe for the degradation a packed bed reactor is designed. The glass column of the reactor is filled with egg shell powder to achieve a constant steady flow of the effluent into the reactor to get more time for the reaction of microbe and the effluent. The influencing variable factors such as flow rate of the effluent and the height of packing bed are correlated with the rate of reduction. At the flow rate of 3lt/hr the reduction was significant (7.5 mg/ l to 0.52 mg/L). Likewise at the bed height of 100 cm the reduction was pronounced well (7.5 mg/ l to 0.5 mg/L). The above results are discussed with the design and establishment of technique for the tannery effluent treatment plant of industrial application.

3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

017688   Lakshmipriya T;Soumya T;Jayasree P R;Manish Kumar P R (Biotechnology Dep, Calicut Univ, Malappuram, Kerala-673 635, Email: manishramakrishnan@rediffmail.com) : Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of leaf extracts of the Indian traditional medicinal plant Wrightia arborea. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1124-33.

Wrightia arborea (Apocynaceae) has been used in traditional medicine to treat ailments such as menstrual and renal complaints, snake-bites, tooth-ache and diarrhea. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of W. arborea leaf extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the leaf extracts were determined. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were investigated using DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide scavenging assays, phosphomolybdenum assay, reducing power and metal chelating assay. Antimicrobial activity was tested against MTCC strains and MDR clinical bacteria. The antiproliferative activity was determined using MTT assay against three cancer cell lines. Extracts showed high total phenolic content ranging from 85.7± 1.15 to 40.3± 0.6 gallic acid equivalents and flavonoid content ranging from 750±5.5 to 140±3.6 quercetin equivalents per gram of dry extract. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest DPPH scavenging activity with an EC₅₀ value of 330μg/ml. The antimicrobial effects of all the extracts were found to be genus specific - only against Klebsiella spp. The chloroform extract showed antiproliferative activity against K562 cells following 24 h exposure with an IC₅₀ value of 40±3μg/ml which progressively decreased to 26±2μg/ml and 5μg/ml on prolonged exposure at 48 and 72 h respectively. High levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants and selective antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of W. arborea leaf extracts have been detected in our study. This first report validates its use in traditional medicine and as a potent bioresource for neutraceuticals and therapeutics.

28 ref

017687   Lakshmanarao P;Chowdary K P R;Prasad S V U M (NO, Vikas Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajahmundry-533 102, Email: prof.kprchowdary@rediffmail.com) : Optimization of telmisartan tablet formulation by 2<. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1178-83.

The objective of the present study is optimization of telmisartan tablet formulation employing βCD, Primojel, and Tween 80 by 2³ factorial design to achieve NLT 85% dissolution in 10 min. Eight telmisartan tablet formulations were prepared using selected combinations of the three factors as per 2³ factorial design. Telmisartan tablets were prepared by direct compression method and were evaluated. Telmisartan tablet formulations F_b and F_bc disintegrated rapidly in 20 and 40 seconds and gave very rapid dissolution of telmisartan, 96.1% and 95.8% in 10 min respectively. The increasing order of dissolution rate (K₁) observed with various formulations was F_c<60> F₁<60> F_ac<60> F_a<60> F_abc<60> F_ab<60> F_bc<60> F_b. The polynomial equation describing the relationship between the response, percent drug dissolved in 10min (Y) and the levels of βCD (X₁), Primojel (X₂) and Tween 80 (X₃) based on the observed results is Y = 55.327 + 3.613(X₁) + 35.072(X₂) - - 131 - 9.182(X₁ X₂) - 3.757(X₃) - 3.317(X₁ X₃) + 2.06(X₂ X₃) + 1.765(X₁ X₂ X₃). Based on the above equation, the formulation of optimized telmisartan tablets with NLT 75% dissolution in 10 min require βCD at 1:3.5 ratio of drug: βCD, Primojel at 27.84% of drug content, and Tween 80 at 1% of drug content. The optimized telmisartan tablet formulation gave 85.85% dissolution in 10min fulfilling the target dissolution requirement.

10 ref

017686   Lakhmale S;Acharya R N;Chavan S S;Ashok B K; Ravishankar B (Dravyaguna Dep, Dr V J D Gramin Ayurved College, Patur, Maharashtra-444 501, Email: drrnacharya@gmail.com) : Protective effect of Symphorema polyandrum wight seeds against Naja naja venom- pharmacological evaluation. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(4), 328-33.

Symphorema polyandrum Wight (Family Verbenaceae), an ethnomedicinal plant, is reported for its use in the management of snake bite by the tribal people of Odisha. In this study, the efficacy of S. polyandrum was evaluated for its antivenom activity. Seed powder 360 mg/kg was given to envenomed albino rats with sub-lethal dose of Naja naja venom (0.5 mg/kg), in normal saline by intraperitonial injection. Biochemical parameters like serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, blood sugar, SGPT and in haematological investigation only the total count was found significantly reversing the effect of venom between venom control and test drug group. The study also showed that the envenomation of rats led to increase in lipid peroxidation in all the three tissues. Administration of the test drug to venomised rat significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation in liver and heart. Further, it also enhanced the anti-oxidant activity through enzyme catalase in liver and heart.

^ssc5 tables, 38 ref

017685   Kolhe A M;Kale A (Pharmacology Dep, SRTR Government Medical College, Ambajogai, Maharashtra, Email: mallikarjun.kolhe@yahoo.in) : Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of leukotriene receptor anatagonist-montelukast: An experimental study. Natn J Physiol Pharm Pharmac 2017, 7(1), 32-7.

Various inflammatory mediators are involved in initiating and sustaining pain/inflammation cascade. Recently, leukotrienes (LTs) have been shown to be important mediators in pain and inflammation. An experimental evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of LT receptor antagonist-montelukast. Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180-250 g and Swiss mice weighing 25-30 g were used. Analgesic activity of montelukast (20 mg/kg) was evaluated and compared with tramadol (10 mg/kg) and aspirin (300 mg/kg) using tail flick response method and acetic acid-induced writhing method. For evaluating anti-inflammatory - 130 - activity, carrageenin-induced rat paw edema and formalin-induced arthritis models were used. The antipyretic activity was evaluated in Baker's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Montelukast (20 mg/kg) had significant analgesic activity compared to control in acetic acid-induced writhing model but was ineffective in tail flick model. Montelukast showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced paw edema and formalin-induced arthritis models. Montelukast did not show antipyretic activity. Montelukast shows anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which needs substantiation.

6 tables, 12 ref

017684   Kirubakaran N;Thiyagarajan;Mahendra C;Varma S;Vijaya Kumar;Tripathi V;Babu (Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali-Bangalore, Karnataka, Email: kirubakaran_14@yahoo.co.in) : Design and development of emulsion-based clear complexion skin whitening cream using Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) root extract and Vateria indica (white dammar) bark extract by skin melanin inhibitory pathway. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1210-9.

The objective of this study was to design and develop a skin lighting cream for improved skin whitening using herbal extracts from Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) root and Vateria indica bark. The carrier cream base was developed by emulsion technique to deliver skin whitening property by holding the natural herbal actives such as G. glabra root extract and V. Indica bark extract as well as physical sun protecting agents such as titanium dioxide for the skin whitening properties. The emulsion cream was designed and optimized to deliver the skin lighting property by the combination of G. glabra root extract and V. Indica bark extract. This unique composition helps to provide the melanin inhibition effect through cellular melanin inhibition pathway. The optimized emulsion cream formula was evaluated as per ICH stability guidelines (real time, 30° and 65% Relative Humidity (RH) and accelerated, 45° and 75% RH) to ensure emulsion cream stability and shelf life of the product. The optimized and stabilized formula flow behaviours were determined by various rheological studies such as flow curve measurements (viscosity vs. shear rate), amplitude sweep measurement(linear visco elastic range), frequency sweep measurements (stability test), amplitude sweep measurements (spreadability test), and thixotropic test. The performance of the final product was measured by skin melanin inhibition property and the results observed indicated better skin lighting compared with control. The safety of the final product was measured by Netral Red Uptake NRU-assay using NIH3T3 cell lines and the CTC₅₀ value of the product was found to be <62>1000μg/ml at 24 h study period.

24 ref

017683   Kirange R H;Chaudhari R B (NO, S. Zhaveri Pharmakem Pvt. Ltd., Kalyan - shilphata rd, Dombivli East-421 203, Email: rahulh.kirange@gmail.com) : Utilizing mucoadhesive polymers for nasal drug delivery system. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1012-22.

Nasal drug delivery has been recognized as a promising route for delivery of therapeutic compounds including biopharmaceuticals. It has been demonstrated that absorption of drugs can enhanced by using absorption enhancers or increasing the drug residence time in the nasal cavity. Mucoadhesive polymers can serve both functions. The residence time in the nasal cavity is considerably increased for microspheres compared to solutions. However, this is not the only factor to increase the absorption of - 129 - large hydrophilic drugs. Microspheres also exert a direct effect on the mucosa, resulting in the opening of tight junctions between the epithelial cells. This review focuses on the background of nasal mucoadhesive drug delivery with special references to the biological and pharmaceutical considerations for nasal mucoadhesive drug administration.

^iia87 ref

017682   Kapatia A;Gupta T;Sharma M;Khan A;Kulshrestha S (Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini Univ of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan-173 229, Email: saurabh_kul2000@yahoo.co.in) : Isolation and analysis of genetic diversity amongst Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates infecting cauliflower and pea. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 589-95.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an ubiquitous plant pathogen responsible for a wide range of diseases among different vegetable crops with a host range of more than 400 plant species. It continues to be the most destructive plant pathogen for many years having no significant method for its control and management. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and characterize S. sclerotiorum from infected cauliflower and pea grown in Solan and Sirmaur districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. The isolates were characterized morphologically and molecularly by the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) using specific primers, followed by sequencing. The genetic diversity among the sixteen isolates of S. sclerotiorum was also studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Four random primers, viz., OPA-14, OPA-16, OPA-17 and OPA-20 were used for RAPD analysis. Clustering based on RAPD fingerprint data revealed two groups and ten independent branches at 0.70 similarity value.

6 illus, 23 ref

017681   Kamal B;Merad M;Larbi M;Ghalem S (Lab of Naturals Products and Bio actives-LASNABIO Faculty of Science,, Tlemcen Univ, Tlemcen, Algeria, Email: s_ghalem2002@yahoo.fr) : Study of the enzyme-substrate by molecular modeling interaction; cases of the disease of cancer. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1363-7.

This study was carried out with goal to predict the inhibition of Aurora Kinase B by a series of Oleocanthal by molecular modeling. During last year's Kinases Aurora were emerged like one of the important targets of drug in several pharmaceutical companies and industries of research and it plays a main function in the regulation of the mitosis and the cytocinese 1 and for this reason one inhibited these Kinases Aurora B with a series of oleocanthal derivatives as legand can simultaneously induce the autophagy and apoptose in the tumoral cells. To understand the complexation mechanisms in the biological system call was made at the molecular docking, we used MOE software. was optimized geometries of all ligands, in result, the calculation of the score of energy was made to form the complex and identify the interactions in the two media a solvated (water solution) and the other unsolvated in the end we find that the ligands L5 and L6 haves the lowest energies.

19 ref

017680   Kalidindi D V (Pharmaceutical Technology Dep, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram (W. Godavari Dst.) Andhra Pradesh, Email: dheeraj.svcp@gmail.com) : Microspheres of diltiazem hydrochloride by ionotropic gelation technique. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1413-19.

Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker used in various cardiac diseases. It is associated with problem of short biological half life leading to high dosage frequency. Therefore, to ensure the controlled drug delivery systems of diltiazem the alginate-chitosan microspheres were prepared by Ionotropic gelation technique and characterized. The diltiazem hydrochloride SR microspheres were successfully formulated by Ionotropic gelation technique employing different proportions of sodium alginate, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K15M and carbopol 934 in various combinations. The prepared diltiazem hydrochloride microspheres were characterized for entrapment efficiency, swelling index, Carr's index, angle of repose, particle size, assay and in-vitro drug release. Further, the final optimized formulations were assessed for their compatibility studies using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and stability was assessed by conducting accelerated stability studies. All the diltiazem hydrochloride microsphere formulations were found have good flow properties. The mean particle size was found to be within a range of 6.1-to 9.2 μm and entrapment efficiency ranged from 70% to 94.6%. In-vitro drug release was found to be 96% for the optimized formulation. FTIR studies were carried out and all the excipients are found to be compatible with no interactions. Stability studies were carried out for the best formulation F5 indicates that there is no change in entrapment efficiency and release kinetics. The results obtained in this work clearly indicate best results using carbopol 934 a rate controlling polymer in diltiazem hydrochloride SR microspheres.

13 ref

017679   Kalaivanan M;Louis Jesudoss L;Saravana Ganthi A;Padma Sorna Subramanian M (Botany Dep, Rani Anna Govt. College of Women, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, Email: saran_gan@rediffmail.com) : Preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprint profile of - 127 - Tragia plukenetii. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1194-8.

Herbal medicine is the oldest form of health care known to humanity and has been used in all cultures throughout history. The validation of these novel products needs powerful analytical devices tailored for the study of herbal extracts in order to assess composition and face their natural complexity as a resource. The last item is important and crucial for the capacity and utility of the analytical results that means that each product should be analyzed with the right approach. Having in mind these arguments, the present study was selected HPTLC as useful tool for the analysis. The present study is mainly focused to establish the fingerprint profile of Tragia plukenetii R. Smith using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Preliminary phytochemical screening. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, phenolic compounds and steroids. HPTLC finger printing of chloroform extract of leaf revealed 15 peaks with R_f values in the range of 0.11 to 1.0. It can be concluded that HPTLC fingerprint analysis of leaf extract of Tragia plukenetii can be used as a diagnostic tool for the correct identification of the plant and it is useful as a phytochemical marker and also a good estimator of genetic variability in plant populations.

19 ref

017678   Joshi A J;Aparna K;Rajagopala S;Patel K S; Nariya M;Ashok B K (NO, Universitas Hindu Indonesia, Denpasar, Bali, Republic of Indonesia, Email: dr_abhishekjoshi@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of Balachaturbhadra churna- an ayurvedic formulation. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(4), 293-300.

Balachaturbhadra churna (BCBC) is an extensively used poly-herbal formulation of Ayurveda for pediatrics disorders.It is indicated for respiratory disorders, fever, diarrhoea, and vomiting. It is practiced as a potent immune enhancer in children. The present study was undertaken to evaluate immunomodulatory activity of BCBCto validate the classical claims of therapeutic efficacy made on it. The cell-mediated immune response was evaluated against triple antigen induced immunological paw edema in pre-sensitized rats. The humoral immune response against cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in sheep red blood cells (SRBC) pre-sensitized rats was evaluated by hemagglutination titer, ponderal changes, and histopathological studies. BCBC produced significant increase (P<60>0.05) in immunological paw edema in triple antigen pre-sensitized rats and significant increase (P<60>0.05) in hemagglutination titer value in humoral immune response compared to control and vehicle control groups. The drug had significant effect in reversal of cyclophosphamide induced immune suppression in thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. The results indicate a significant effect of the BCBC on cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response. The reversal of cyclophosphamide induced immune suppression of organs indicates cytoprotective activity of BCBC in rats.

3 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

017677   Jaybhaye D L;Varma S;Chaudhary P;Bonde V;Gite A (Pharmacology Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: deepuamol@rediffmail.com) : Tocolytic plant Tectona grandis Linn. extended study on other systemic effect.. J Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci 2016, 21(2), 122-9.

Tectona grandis Linn. (T.G) is one of the well-known Indian herbs. In Ayurveda, T.G stem extract has tocolytic effect. Our previous study conformed the tocolytic activity of the T.G stem extract on rat uterine contraction. Conventional tocolytic drugs are known to have cardiovascular, skeletal muscle toxicity. This study is undertaken to observe possible adverse effects of T.G stem extract especially on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) and frogs (Rana tigrina) were used for this study. Animals were divided into six groups. Each group contains six animals. To study the effect on the blood vessels and skeletal muscles, frogs were used and for direct cardiac effects, Wistar rats were used. The results were compared with standard drugs such as sodium nitrate (2%), nifedipine, and magnesium sulfate. After analysis by t-test, it was observed that T.G causes vasodilatation same as that of the sodium nitrate, without causing any cardiac toxicity seen with nifedipine and no neuromuscular blockade as seen with magnesium sulfate. T.G causes uterine tocolytic effect without causing any cardiac toxicity or neuromuscular blockage; however, further human studies are desirable.

3 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

017676   Jacob J;Aleykutty N A;Harindran J (Pharmaceutical Sci Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Univ, Cheruvandoor Campus Kottayam, Kerala) : Evaluation of wound healing activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by ethanolic extract of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(6), 45-7.

Wound healing is a complex process delayed by metabolic disorders like diabetic mellitus,it remains a crippling global health problem today leading to amputation of limbs and digits. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth is said to be used for wound healing in many ethanobotanical studies. So, it was decided to check the efficacy of the same on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The extract was formulated as given in the literature by formulating a paste with 10gs, 15gs, 20gs of extract and 60gs black gram powder which was mixed with egg white and 2 or 3 drops of lime juice q.s. The wound healing efficiency by different concentrations of the extract was monitored by the excision wound healing method. The healing with the standard Framycetin Sulphate 1%w/w was taken as the positive control. The wound was completely healed by the 18th day in the 20% extract while it took 20 days for complete healing in positive control and 23 days for complete healing in negative control. Thereby confirming the reports in the ethanobotanical studies with regard to the wound healing activity of the plant.

1 table, 8 ref

017675   Islam M;Hoshen M A;Ayshasiddeka;Islam F; Yeasmin T (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh) : Antimicrobial, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. rhizome. J Pharmac Phytochem 2017, 6(5), 38-41.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the inherent anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and antimicrobial potential of ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria (EECZR). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was uncovered by using human erythrocyte membrane stabilization and egg albumin denaturation method. In vitro thrombolytic activity was investigated and compared with streptokinase. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by using disc diffusion method. EECZR dose dependently showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, thrombolytic activity was found to be 28.46±4.16%, 9.67±6.37 and 65.96±4.25% for EECZR, normal saline and streptokinase (a positive control) respectively. This extract also showed potent antibacterial activity against eight pathogenic bacteria and produced inhibition zone ranging from 10 to 15 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the ethanol extract was found to be in the range of 64 <126> 256 μg/ml. Our results suggest that ethanol extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome has strong anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activities.

4 tables, 5 ref

017674   Hussein S I;Haider N H;Aziz G M;Hussein Z A (Biotechnology Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: saharalassadi@yahoo.com) : Determination the optimum conditions of laccase production by local isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SR3 using lab scale fermenter. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 274-83.

Eighty eight local isolates of Pseudomonas sp. which were previously isolated and identified subjected to the primary and secondary screening processes to select the active Pseudomonas sp. isolate for laccase production. Among the isolates screened, ten isolates with maximum zone of hydrolysis and biodegradation ability in primary screening (the ratio of Z/G more than 10 mm) were selected for secondary screening. It has been found that Pseudomonas SR3 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (1102 U/mg protein). The selected isolate with highest level of laccase activity was identified as P. aeruginosa SR3 according to PCR technique. The optimum conditions of laccase production by isolate P. aeruginosa SR3 using submerged fermentation were obtained in the mineral salt medium (MSM) with p-ansidine as the best production medium, 1% glucose as the best carbon source, 3% peptone as nitrogen source, 3:1 C:N ratio, temperature 30°C and pH 7.5, after 27 hr of incubation period. Laccase production was induced at concentration of 4 mM of CuSO4 and 0.06% of xylene. The production of laccase from P. aeruginosa SR3 was conducted in lab scale fermenter with continuous stirred. It has shown from the results that maximum laccase production was observed after 24 hr of incubation, beyond that the specific activity was enhanced after 18 hrs as far as it reach to maximal value after 24 hrs of incubation, which reached to 6214 U/mg protein, whereas after 24 hrs the - 125 - production of laccase was decreased with increasing the incubation time. The results also reviled that laccase production started when xylene concentration was nearly depleted from the medium in the bioreactors after 24 hr.

22 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

017673   Hussein S I;Aziz G M;Haider N H (Biotechnology Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: saharalassadi@yahoo.com) : Immobilization, characterization and removal efficiency of dyes pollutants using laccase produced by local isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa SR3. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 261-8.

The present study was - 124 - aimed for immobilization, characterization and application of laccase for removing the different pollutants using local isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SR3. Immobilization of enzyme was conducted in two methods, entrapment by calcium alginate and agar-agar with maximum immobilization efficiency 49% and 32% respectively and covalent method by chitosan and gelatin with maximum immobilization efficiency 63% and 50% respectively. The immobilized laccase on chitosan was exhibited maximal activity at pH 5.0, and it was stable at pH 6.0. The optimal temperature for immobilized enzyme activity was 40°C. In the present study, laccase immobilization led to a significant stabilizing effect towards heat denaturation, the profiles of thermal denaturation at 55 and 65°C were markedly affected. The highest rate of enzyme specificity found with oxidation of O-tolidine, while gallic acid, vanillic acid are poor substrates for laccase mediated oxidation. Immobilized enzyme system maintained 56% of its efficiency even after 4 successive reaction cycles. The immobilized laccase maintained 50% of its activity after 10 days. The preliminary results by GC technique suggested that the degradation ratio of the hydrocarbons by crude laccase reached to 98.7%, 99% and 93.8% for catechol, anthracine and tannic acid after 1, 1.5 and 2 hr. respectively. Higher removal efficiency observed of crude enzyme to decolorization of yellow, red and black textile dyes reached 84%, 91.4%, and 88% through 3 hr respectively. However, approximately the same removal efficiencies were observed with purified laccase with hydrocarbons and decolorization of dyes. It has been concluded from the results to the possibility of using crude enzyme and purified to remove the pollutants from the environment.

26 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

017672   Hafez E E;Yacout M M;Abdelkhalek A A; Shamseldin A (Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis (ALCRI) Dep, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA) New, Alexandria, Egypt, Email: yabdelall@yahoo.com) : Arsenate bioremediation by Bacilllus pumilus through cis- acting of both arB and subtilisin genes. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 518-24.

Accumulation of arsenate in the natural environment causes serious environmental problems. Hence, the main goal of the present study was to isolate arsenic-resistant bacteria capable of removing arsenic from the environment. Screening of 30 bacterial isolates, isolated from arsenate-contaminated soil, revealed a highly resistant strain, which could tolerate up to 2g L^-1 of arsenate. This strain was identified as Bacillus pumilus based on the partial sequences of 16S rRNA. Molecular tools, such as, differential display-PCR, cloning and sequencing were used to screen and identify genes that can be involved in arsenate bioremoval. Differential display for scanning the most abundant of induced/suppressed genes at different sodium arsenate concentrations of the bacterial genome indicated the significant induction of the two genes, arsenical pump membrane protein (arB) and subtilisin. It was noticed that the arB gene was up regulated at high arsenate concentrations, while subtilisin gene was induced at low concentrations. The results showed that arB gene and subtilisin were working together for reducing the arsenate effect through its hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme. The study gives significant insight about the expected mechanism of both two genes for remediating arsenate-polluted ecosystems.

5 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

017671   Goswami J A;Shah N J (NO, , 38, Ranna Park Society, Nr. Partheshvar Mahadev, Vatva Road, Isanpur, Ahmedabad-382 443, Email: jigargoswami013@gmail.com) : Stability indicating RP - HPLC method for combination of ambroxol hydrochloride and cefadroxil monohydrate in pharmaceutical formulation. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), .

Reverse Phase - High performance liquid chromatographic (RP - HPLC) method was described for determination of Ambroxol Hydrochloride (AMB) and Cefadroxil Monohydrate (CEFXL). The chromatographic separation was achieved using mobile phase mixture of Acetonitrile and 0.05 M Dihydrogen Phosphate Buffer (pH 3.0 adjusted with Ortho Phosphoric Acid Solution) in the ratio of 40:60 (%v/v) and Eclipse Plus C₁₈, (150 x 4.6 mm i.d), Particle size 5 mm column at 1.0 ml/min flow rate. 20 μL of standard preparation containing 30 μg/ml AMB and 250 μg/ml CEFXL was injected into the column and the component was separated by carrying out elution for a run time of 15 minutes and detected at 230 nm wavelength. The described method shows excellent linearity over a range of 6 to 60 μg/ml and 50 to 500 μg/ml for AMB and CEFXL, respectively. AMB and CEFXL were subjected to stress degradation conditions of hydrolysis (acid and base), oxidation and thermal degradation. Stressed samples were analysed by the developed method. The proposed method was readily applied for the assay of pharmaceutical formulations and the results were found to be accepted, therefore the proposed method can be adopted for the routine analysis of any quality control laboratory.

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017670   Ganga Raju M;Hema Sundar Reddy T (Pharmacology Dep, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: mgrpharma@gmail.com) : Anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic activity of methanolic extract of Aristolochia bracteolata on streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1173-7.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Aristolochia bracteolata (MEAB) against streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. Glibenclamide was used as standard drug. The MEAB was administered orally at a dose of 200 & 400 mg/kg bd. wt and blood glucose levels were determined on 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. MEAB was found to significantly reduce blood glucose levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Reduction in blood glucose levels were observed from 7th day onwards, after continuous administration of the extract. The effect of MEAB on serum lipid profile like total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were also measured on 28th day in the diabetic rats. There was significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and improvement in HDL cholesterol in diabetic rats. The results indicated that Aristolochia bracteolata possesses significant anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic activity.

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017669   Fatema K;Mouzam M I;Shahi S R;Shaikh T (Pharmaceutical Technology Dep, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, Aurangabad-431 001, Email: shinepharmastar@yahoo.com) : Formulation and evaluation of archimedes based novel floating capsule through film formation and retention for drug delivery of levofloxacin. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1110-23.

The study objectives were to develop a unique expandable integrated floating film to be filled in capsule dosage form, which combines hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. The developed film was totally free from the concept of gas generating system or the low-density system, which floats merely due to Archimedes principle. A 3² full factorial design was used in the study with HPMC K100M (X1) and ethylcellulose cp10 (X2) as independent variables and time required for dissolution of drug and swelling as dependent variables. FTIR and DSC studies were carried out to investigate any drug excipient interaction. The XRD studies of formulation showed decreased crystallinity of the drug levofloxacin. Steady slow gel formation and the higher concentration of ethylcellulose, resulted in sustained drug release. The hydrophilic polymer readily expands the polymeric network within two hours. The predicted value of 90.419 and the actual drug release from the polymeric film were closely related to each other.

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017668   El-Ezz R A;Ibrahim A;Habib E;wahba A;Kamel H; Afifi M;Hassanean H;Ahmed S (Pharmacognosy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy Suez Canal Univ, Ismailia, Egypt, Egypt, Email: safwat_aa@yahoo.com) : Natural products from marine organisms in the red sea. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 940-74.

The marine environment is a rich source of both biological and chemical diversity. This diversity has been the source of unique chemical compounds with potential for drug development. In recent years, a significant number of novel metabolites with potent pharmacological properties have been discovered from the marine organisms. Specifically, the Red Sea is a natural source of these bioactive compounds. The Red Sea is a rich source of marine organisms that contain bioactive substances with intriguing and unique structural features. Examples of marine organisms commonly found in the Red Sea are sponges, soft corals, and algae. Secondary metabolites obtained from Red Sea marine organisms have been reported to show various biological activities such as: cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. This review emphasizes the bioactivity of marine natural products specifically those isolated from the Red Sea. The present article highlights the latest progress in both chemistry and biological activities of metabolites isolated from Red Sea organisms till year 2014, also it provides a - 122 - perspective on future areas of research interest. This review contains 435 structures and 138 references.

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017667   Dutta S;Aich B (Pharmacology Dep, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Narakasur hilltop, Bhangagarh, P.O- Indrapur-781 032, Email: mistha007@yahoo.co.in) : Antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of the leaves of Colocasia esculenta Linn.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1184-7.

The study was done to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the leaves of Colocasia esculenta Linn. Fresh tender leaves of C.esculenta collected, air-dried at room temperature, grounded to a fine powder and extracted with ethanol. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of C.esculenta compared to standard antibiotics was assessed by disc diffusion method by measuring the zone of inhibition. The organisms used for the test were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The agar disc diffusion method described by Kirby-Bauer was used for testing the antibacterial and antifungal activity. Zone of inhibitions produced by sensitive organisms were demarcated by a circular area of clearing around plant extract impregnated discs and measured in millimeter (mm). Mean ± SEM was calculated and the data was statistically analysed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnets multiple comparison test. In our study, ethanolic extract of Colocasia esculenta showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E.coli, Kleibsiella and antifungal activity against C. albicans in a dose dependant manner.

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017666   Dhande S R;Lokegaonkar D V;Bhutkar S P (Pharmacology Dep, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector - 8, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400 614, Email: dswatir@gmail.com) : Effect of Gymnema sylvestre on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin phosphate in type II diabetes mellitus. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1160-7.

Practising complementary and alternative medicinal therapy has become a boom worldwide. There is a dearth in communication between doctors and the patients regarding concomitant use of complementary medicines like ayurvedic churnas and other drugs of natural origin with allopathic drugs. This usage might magnify or oppose the effect of synthetic drug leading to interactions. Use of herbals along with allopathic treatment is inevitable in treatment of chronic diabetes which might lead to drug interaction. The present study was undertaken to evaluate pharmacokinetic interaction between herb Gymnema sylvestre and allopathic drug Sitagliptin Phosphate in streptozotocin and high fat diet-induced type II diabetes mellitus in rat model. Female Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into following groups. Group 1: Vehicle Control (VC), Group 2: Disease Control (DC), Group 3: Sitagliptin Phosphate (STG) (20 mg/kg), Group 4: Gymnema sylvestre (GYM) (400 mg/kg), Group 5: Sitagliptin Phosphate (20 mg/kg) and Gymnema sylvestre (400 mg/kg) (STG + GYM). After giving proper treatment to the rats, blood samples were withdrawn from - 121 - retro-orbital plexus at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th hours on first day of treatment with Sitagliptin Phosphate and combination of Sitagliptin Phosphate with Gymnema sylvestre in order to check alteration in absorption parameter by determining the change in area under curve (AUC) of STG, using a newly developed and validated HPTLC method. It was found that, AUC of STG gradually decreased in presence of Gymnema sylvestre at the given dose. Further studies need to be carried out at various other doses to evaluate possible interactions.

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017665   Dhamankar R S;Jadhav A P (Quality Assurance Dep, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector-8, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400 614, Email: drarunajadhav@gmail.com) : Evaluation of Shaddharana churna: An ayurvedic formulation. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(4), 301-9.

Shaddharana churna is a well-known Ayurvedic formulation that finds its reference in renowned Ayurvedic treaties such as Ashtangasangraham and Ashtanghridaya. As the name suggests Shaddharana churna is composed of equal parts of six drugs namely Katuka, Daruharidra, Ativisha, Chitraka, Patha, and Indravaya. Evaluation of Ayurvedic formulations is necessary to ensure their quality, strength, purity, and authenticity. Present work deals with microscopic, physico-chemical, qualitative, and quantitative evaluation of Shaddharana churna. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation was done by development and validation of high performance thin layer chromatography using berberine from Daruharidra, apocynin from Katuka and plumbagin from Chitraka as marker compounds. The outcomes of the research conform to the need of ensuring quality and safety of Ayurvedic medicines.

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017664   Desai K R;Rajput D K;Patel P B;Pandit J P; Highland H N (Zoology Dep, BMT and HG, School of Sciences, Gujarat Univ, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-Gujarat-380 059, Email: ketalak60@yahoo.co.in ) : Mitigating potential of Alllium sativum on artesunate induced renal toxicity in male mice. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1459-68.

In recent times, the use of natural antioxidants as ameliorative agents has become the focus of basic research. Allium sativum (garlic) is one such agent which has been proven to have antibacterial, antiseptic, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticoagulant and antitumor properties. The present investigation deals with the ameliorative effects of Allium sativum on the induced renal toxicity of the antimalarial drug, artesunate, which has been used as an - 120 - alternative antimalarial drug against conventional drugs like chloroquine. Thirty six male mice were divided into six experimental groups. In the present study, Allium sativum was given at 100 mg/kg body weight with low dose (150 mg/kg body weight) and high dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of artesunate for 14 days and 21 days duration. Obtained results showed significant alterations in gravimetric indices as well as biochemical parameters. Moreover, administration of Allium sativum exhibited recovery and reestablishment of various altered indices in renal tissue as opposed to artesunate treated groups. This study obviously demonstrated that treatment with Allium sativum significantly attenuated the renal toxicity induced by artesunate in Mus musculus. Thus, it can be concluded from the observed results that Allium sativum could be used as a potent mitigating agent against antimalarial drug toxicity.

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017663   Das S;Vasudeva N;Sharma S (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana-12500, Email: neeruvasudeva@gmail.com) : Pharmacognostical evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1393-400.

The present study was designed to evaluate the pharmacognostical and quality control parameters of Tribulus terrestris L. whole plant except fruits. The plant was collected from the university campus and was got authenticated from NBPGR, Delhi. Various standardization parameters viz. loss on drying, ash values, extractives values, swelling index, foaming index etc. were determined as per the procedure laid down in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and WHO Guidelines. Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed. The study provided pharmacognostical, physicochemical details, elemental analysis and microbial contamination of the plant which will help in designing the pharmacopoeial monograph. The microscopic studies established that the leaves are of dorsiventral type having single celled trichomes all over the stem and leaves. The plant extracts contained safe pesticides as revealed by the GCMS analysis. The phytochemical screening establishes the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenol, flavonoids, saponins and phytosteroids. The monograph of the plant can be established for pharmacognostical parameters, thereby confirming the credibility of the plant as a medicinal herb.

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017662   Chakravarty I;Singh S;Kundu S (School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu Univ), Varanasi-221 005, Email: subirbhu@gmail.com) : Development of the processing strategies for the production of daptomycin by free and immobilized cells of Streptomyces roseosporus using non-conventional support matrices. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1356-62.

The emergence of novel antibiotics against the upsurge of "Superbugs" is a breakthrough health intervention. Daptomycin has gained prominence as a novel antibiotic produced by Streptomyces roseosporus which has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity in vitro against a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. The economic viability and large scale applicability of this high-value - 119 - secondary metabolite is hampered by its poor production and tedious growth of S.roseosporus. The present study aims at strategic improvement of Daptomycin yield through reusability of the producer strain by its immobilization onto various non-conventional support matrices. Sufficient void volume, permeability, and cost effectiveness prompted the use of ultra porous refractory brick and ceramic foam for the immobilization of S.roseosporus. The surface area and porosity of the materials were characterized by BET surface analysis. Morphological transformations of the microbial cells were observed microscopically over the time. The cell mass adhered to the carrier was determined using SEM. The repeated use of immobilized cells led to high production in case of immobilized cells by refractory brick and ceramic foam i.e 336mg/L and 260mg/L respectively in lesser time than the free cells. Enhanced Daptomycin production was achieved by using refractory brick as immobilization carrier under submerged conditions. They showed high mechanical strength and reusability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on immobilization strategy for Daptomycin production. Thus, this preliminary study can further contribute to the industrial scale production of Daptomycin.

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017661   Bristy N J;Nazmul Hasan A H M;Alam M N;Wahed T B;Roy P;Khairul Alam K M (Pharmacy Dep, Jahangirnagar Univ, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh, Email: nazmul_0155@yahoo.com) : Characterization of antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of methanolic extracts of different parts of Aegle marmelos (L.). Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), .

Aegle marmelos(L.), family rutaceae is highly reputed medicinal tree commonly known as the bael. All parts of the plant have medicinal properties and extensively used by the traditional medicine practitioners of Bangladesh in different health ailments like Diabetes, Diarrhea, Jaundice, typhoid. The present study was dedicated to investigate phytochemical and pharmacological properties of ripe fruit, half-ripe fruit, leaf and seed of the plant extracted with methanol solvent. Initial phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of different phytoconstituents including alkaloid, flavonoids, carbohydrate, glycoside, saponin, tannin, glucoside and steroids in different extracts. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using total phenol and total flavonoid contents determination assays, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, NO radical scavenging assay, reducing power assessment, CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), total alkaloid determination assay. All the plant parts were found to possess moderate amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, expressed as galic acid equivalent (GAE) and quercetin equivalent (QE) respectively. The methanolic extract of half-ripe fruit demonstrated highest phenolic content (6.05 mg/gm GAE) while methanol extract of seed exhibited highest flavonoid content (4.29 mg/gm QE). In addition, the plant parts displayed total antioxidant capacity expressed as ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) with methanol extract of leaf being the most potent one (10.31 mg/gm AAE). In DPPH radical and NO radical scavenging methods, a dose dependent scavenging of DPPH and NO radical was observed by all the extractives. Highest DPPH radical scavenging was demonstrated by methanol extract of half-ripe fruit with IC₅₀ value of 251.2 μg/ml whereas IC₅₀ value of standard ascorbic acid was noted as 18.4 μg/ml. In case of NO radical scavenging method, highest NO radical scavenging was also demonstrated by methanol extract of half-ripe fruit with IC₅₀ values of 46.364 μg/ml. However in reducing power and CUPRAC assays, methanol extract of half-ripe fruit and leaf were found to exhibit moderate but concentration dependent reducing power respectively. In total alkaloid content determination methanol extract of seed showed the highest alkaloid content expressed as atropine equivalent (4.86 mg/gm).In Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay, all the extracts produced dose dependent cytotoxicity effect to brine shrimp nauplii with methanol extract of seed exhibiting highest toxicity having LC₅₀ value 86.77 μg/ml where standard vincristine sulphate had the LC₅₀ value of 2.47 μg/ml.

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