017660   Bouzidi N;Sahli S;Khlifi L;Graiet H;Maatouk F;Gamra H;Ferchichi S (Biochemistry Laboratory, Monastir Univ, CHU Farhat Hached-Sousse, Research Unit 06/07, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tunisia, Email: nadiabouzidi1@gmail.com) : Lipid profile variables and prediction of the severity of coronary artery disease in tunisian type 2 diabetic patients. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1074-80.

DM is characterized by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, in particular, high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL, and low levels of HDL-C, wich confer increased risk for CAD. Our study aimed to evaluate lipid profile in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Tunisian population. Plasma levels of lipid profile variables were determined in 148 CAD patients with T2DM and in 159 patients with only CAD. Severity of CAD was quantified according to the prevalence of multivessel disease and the degree of coronary stenosis. Our results didn't show any significant differences between diabetic and non diabetic patients in lipid profile variables. We didn't found significant differences between the number of vessel disease and the extent of coronary stenosis, and lipid variables levels potentially reflecting the absence of a relationship between lipid profile and the severity of CAD. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve that included all these variables, TG was found to be the single most powerful predictor of the severity of coronary artery disease in T2DM.

16 ref

017659   Bhatnagar P;Vyas D;Sinha S K;Gajbhiye A (Chemistry Dep, Sir Padampat Singhania Univ, Bhatewar, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313 601, Email: prasoon.bhatnagar@spsu.ac.in) : HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of drug release of levodopa and carbidopa in entacapone, levodopa and carbidopa tablets. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1091-101.

In pharmaceutical industry, researchers aim at catering to the need of robust analytical methods for analysis of generic drug products. The paper deals with method of analysis of pharmaceutical formulation - Entacapone, Levodopa and Carbidopa tablets for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The paper presents a simple and efficient HPLC method that has been developed for a multi component drug formulation for estimation of% drug release of levodopa and carbidopa. This HPLC method uses 'Cosmosil 5PE-MS 150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μ' HPLC column, combination of phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and methanol as mobile phase in gradient mode with UV detection at 280 nm. The method was validated and found to be precise, robust, accurate, linear (in range 0.020 to 0.40 mg/mL and 0.005 to 0.100 mg/mL of Levodopa and Carbidopa respectively), and specific for blank and placebo solution ensuring suitability of the method for quantitative determination of% drug release of Levodopa and Carbidopa in presence of Entacapone in multi component pharmaceutical formulation.

39 ref

017658   Bhati J;Jethra G;Sharma A;Rai A (Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, Email: singh.jyotika@gmail.com) : In silico prediction and characterization of microRNAs from pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 477-84.

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important food legume crop cultivated in India. Availability of whole genome sequence of pigeon pea has led to initiation of many studies for annotation of genome sequences. The discoveries of miRNAs in plants and the growing evidence of their involvement in a variety of functional roles have produced a great deal of excitement in plant biology. The present study was undertaken to identify the miRNAs in pigeon pea along with their possible targets using computational methods. Thirteen miRNAs were identified and their targets were identified from mRNA and 3'UTR sequences of pigeon pea using MiRanda, BLAST and psRNA toolkit. This - 117 - study would help in improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of miRNA and development of novel and more precise techniques for better understanding of post-transcriptional gene silencing in pigeon pea.

3 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

017657   Bhardwaj E;Sharma D (Biotechnology Dep, Y.S. Parmar, UHF, Solan, Himachal Pradesh) : Medicinal and therapeutic properties of pecan (Carya illinoensis). Int J herb Med 2017, 5(6), 1-3.

Carya illinoensis is a widespread species, belonging to the Juglandaceae family, commonly known as Pecan. It is one of the most economically important members of the genus Carya. Nutritional value of pecan is very high. Popularly, the leaves have been used as a hypoglycemic, cleansing, astringent, keratolytic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent. The detailed pharmacological investigations are required for this plant so that the medicinal activities of this plant could further be exploited.

1 illus, 19 ref

017656   Bharathi T R;Jameel N M;Prakash H S (Studies in Biotechnology Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: jameel.nm@gmail.com) : Hepato-renal toxicity studies of the crude aqueous leaf extract of Memecylon malabaricum Cogn. in male wistar rats. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 307-13.

Memecylon malabaricum Cogn., is an indigenous medicinal plant used in ethno medicine including ayurveda. However, toxicity potential of this plant has not been evaluated so far. The present study evaluates the LD₅₀ and hepato-renal toxicity of M. malabaricum which is used traditionally to treat herpes, anthelmintic and skin allergies. LD₅₀ value was determined by feeding male Wistar rats with the single oral dose of M. malabaricum aqueous extract ranging from 300 to 2000 mg/kg body weight (BW) against control. Hepato-renal toxicity was analyzed by assay of functional markers of liver and kidney and histopathological and hematological studies were carried out by oral treatment of extract at the range of 0-2000 mg/kg BW for four weeks. Signs of toxicity like behavior, heartbeat, diarrhea, depression, and body weight loss were observed. Treatment of animals with leaf extract of M. malabarium does not show any mortality upto the dose of 2000 mg/kg BW. In lower concentrations, no hepato-renal toxicity, behavioral changes and hematological parameters was noted but at the higher concentration (1500 and 2000 mg/kg BW) slight increase in the liver functionality markers was observed after three weeks of treatment. It is therefore concluded that the dose of M. malabaricum aqueous extract below 2000 mg/kg BW may safely be used for therapeutic purposes in long term treatments.

1 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

017655   Bhandari M;Bhandari A;Bhandari A (Jodhpur Pharmacy College, Jodhpur National Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: monikabhandari85@yahoo.com) : Anatomical, physico-chemical, and phytochemical investigations of Ceropegia bulbosa var. lushii. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(4), 314-22.

Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. belonging to Asclepiadaceae family is found distributed throughout India. The root is extensively used in treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, and kidney stone. It also exhibits analgesic and diuretic activities. The sweet sour leaves are edible and are considered to be tonic and digestive. Authenticity of the crude drug should be ensured when used for remedial purposes. The present study was thus undertaken for systematic pharmacognostical evaluation of the leaf, stem and root of the plant with respect to macroscopy, microscopy, and phyisco-chemical parameters. Preliminary phytochemical investigation indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, sterols, glycosides among others. These parameters would be useful in identification and authentication of the crude drug.

8 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

017654   Behar N;Tiwari K L;Jadhav S K (School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla Univ, Raipur-492 001, Email: jadhav9862@gmail.com) : Semi-quantitative expression studies of genes involved in biosynthesis of curcuminoid in Curcuma caesia Roxb.. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 491-4.

The development of functional genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics tools has given a new facet to plant secondary metabolites study. The biosynthetic pathway involved in the curcuminoids formation was not clear for the long time. The development of turmeric EST database by David Gang's group has formed a landmark for elucidating curcuminoids biosynthetic pathway in Curcuma longa and other species of the genus. The present study reports on the expression profiling of genes involved in curcuminoids synthesis in C. caesia Roxb. The study involved primer designing from EST/CDS regions of the major genes (CURS, CURS2, CURS3, DCS & CHS1) involved in curcuminoids synthesis, RNA extraction from rhizome (5- month & 10-month-old) and leaves of the plant, cDNA preparation and semi-quantitative expression studies of genes. All the genes showed higher expression in rhizome compared to leaves and, among all the genes, CURS showed maximum expression, followed by DCS, CHS1, CURS2 and least by CURS3. The 5-month-old rhizome showed four-fold higher CURS expression as compared to the 10-month-old. Overexpressing this selective gene in in vitro culture by elicitation can help in up scaling the bioactive compound in this plant species.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

017653   Bassey A I L;Ettebong E O;Nwafor P A (Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dep, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Uyo Univ, Uyo, Nigeria) : Evaluation of anti-plasmodial, anti-pyretic and mean survival time of rodents treated with ethanolic extract of Enantia chlorantha stem bark. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(5), 16-22.

Enantia chlorantha is a medicinal plant that is used all over Nigeria for treatment of malaria and other febrile illnesses. Anti-plasmodial effects of the extract and its different fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous) were tested at doses of 32.40 mg/kg, 64.80 mg/kg and 96.20 mg/kg in Chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. The antipyretic effects were evaluated also. Parasitized blood donor of Swiss albino mice with at least 1.0 x 10⁷ parasitized red blood cells was used. Suppressive, prophylactic and curative models were investigated. The mean survival time was observed. Evaluation of anti-plasmodial activity of the fractions using the 4-day test was done. The effect of extract on 2, 4-Dinitrophenol (DNP)-Induced pyrexia in adult albino rats (150-180 g) was also evaluated. Statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in parasitaemia was noted in all three - 115 - models (p<60>0.001) when compared to control. The mean survival times were increased in a dose- dependent manner which was statistically significant (p<60>0.001). N-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions exerted varying degrees of anti-plasmodial activity with methanol being the highest. The extract treated groups showed dose-dependent reduction in temperature that was statistically significant (p<60>0.05 - 0.001). The above results provide support for the traditional use of Enantia chlorantha stem bark in treating febrile illnesses such as malaria in Akwa Ibom state. This extract shows a lot of promise and is a good candidate for evaluation as a potential new drug for malaria and other febrile and inflammatory conditions.

7 tables, 30 ref

017652   Bashir S;Sibgatullah M (Pharmacology Dep, JSS Medical College, S. Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, Email: sabreenbhat.sb@gmail.com) : Evaluation of bronchial smooth muscle relaxant activity of flupirtine in experimentally induced asthma in guinea pigs. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1260-3.

The study aimed at evaluating the broncho-relaxant effect of the test drug Flupirtine in experimentally induced Asthma in Guinea pigs & compares its efficacy with the Standard. Guinea pigs of both sexes weighing around 350-400 gm were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Groups were categorised into Control, Standard and test groups. Animals serving as controls received 10 ml/kg body weight of Normal saline; Standard group received 4.5 mg/kg body weight of salbutamol & the test group received the test drug flupirtine in doses of 46.5 mg/kg of body weight. All the compounds were administered once a day, per orally, through a gavage tube for 5 days. On day 5 experimental bronchial asthma was induced by exposing animals to 0.25% histamine acid phosphate under constant pressure (40mm/Hg) in an aerosol chamber. Animals exposed to histamine aerosol developed progressive dyspnoea. Pre-convulsive time (PCT) was determined from the time of exposure to onset of dyspnoea, immediately before the appearance of convulsions. Greater the PCT more is the bronchial smooth muscle relaxant effect. There was a significant increase in Pre-convulsive time in the test group when compared to the control group suggesting bronchial smooth muscle relaxant activity of the test drug Flupirtine. Flupirtine capable of mediating a reduction in contractile & inflammatory responses would be a promising drug combining broncho-dilatation with anti-inflammatory action. However further preclinical & clinical studies are warranted.

9 ref

017651   Bajpai V K (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam Univ, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, Email: vbajpai04@yahoo.com) : Antimicrobial bioactive compounds from marine algae: A mini review. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(9), 1076-85.

Research on natural products from marine algae has increased dramatically since last few decades. Marine natural products provide a rich source of chemically diverse compounds which have significant potential to be developed as novel types of therapeutic agents. Certain marine products diverse in biological and therapeutic potential have been found to exhibit significant antimicrobial effects against number of harmful pathogens. Among them, marine macro-algae are considered as an excellent source of bioactive compounds which have a broad range of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential. In this article, we review the biological potential of bioactive compounds - 114 - derived from marine algae with a proposed outline of their antimicrobial mechanism of action. In addition, we have also given emphasis on recent advances of secondary metabolites from marine resources along with their pharmacological effects and other uses in human food. A brief discussion on the chemical nature of marine-based bioactive compounds has also been presented.

^iia3 illus, 1 table, 72 ref

017650   Bajpai V K (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnlogy Dep, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam Univ, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea, Email: vbajpai04@yahoo.com) : Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from marine fungi: A mini review. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(9), 1067-75.

Marine fungi living in a stressful habitat, under cold, lightless and high pressure conditions have shown significant importance as new promising sources of biologically active products. These marine fungi produce fascinating and structurally complex natural products. To date, only a minimum amount of microorganisms have been investigated for the production of bioactive marine metabolites with unique structural skeletons. Marine microorganism based secondary metabolites are considered to be a burning area of research in few last decades. Many of such compounds have been proven to be anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-algal, anti-HIV, anti-helminthic, anti-protozoan, anti-tumor and anti-allergic agents. Marine fungi have been reported to be the producers of such compounds owing to their multitude of defense mechanisms and complex metabolism. Although a number of natural products have been isolated from marine microbial flora, a limited number of compounds have reached to the clinical trial levels as a drug. Herein this review we have discussed recent studies on the isolation, characterization and the pharmacological significances of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-infective agents of marine fungal origin. Further, the clinical status of such compounds has also been discussed in comparison with those derived from their terrestrial counterparts. This review provides research insights so far conducted on marine fungi with aspects to provide baseline information on marine flora-based antimicrobial research which may assist in context to provide cheaper, safer, and potent medicinal alternatives to challenge the dreadful human disease.

^iia1 table, 64 ref

017649   Avadhani M N M;Selvaraj C I;Rajasekharan P E; Rao V K;Munirajappa H;Tharachand C (Biotechnology Dep, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: immmer@gmail.com) : Genetic diversity analysis and chemical profiling of Indian Acorus calamus accessions from south and North-East India. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 560-7.

Acorus calamus L. (Family: Acoraceae) is a well-known traditional, endangered, medicinal and aromatic plant mainly found in India and China. The plant is also widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical and food industries. In the present study, 20 different accessions of Indian A. calamus were subjected to the study of genetic diversity (RAPD), and cytogenetic and phytochemical (β-asarone) analysis. For RAPD analysis, 9 primers were chosen, which generated 107 DNA fragments. The average percentage of polymorphism was recorded to be 67.23%. The primer OPA 12 showed the highest (100%) polymorphism, whereas the lowest (38.2%) polymorphism was observed for the primer OPBB 6. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged 0.44 (OPA 7) to 0.18 (OPA11), while marker index (MI) values ranged 4.74 (OPA 7) to 0.36 (OPA 11). A dendogram was constructed by UPGMA method and the robustness of the tree was confirmed by bootstrap analysis with 1000 pseudo samples. For cytogenetic analysis, the 20 A. calamus accessions were screened for their ploidy status. The accessions were found to be either diploid or triploids. The phytochemical analysis of β-asarone content was determined through by HPLC - 113 - method. The β-asarone concentration varied in the range of 2.2 to 7.2 mg/100 mg. The results of present study indicated the presence of low level of polymorphism among the A. calamus accessions of South India and North-East India. The phytochemical and cytogenetic analysis revealed that both diploid and triploid have low concentration of β-asarone irrespective of their geographical location.

6 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

017648   Arrijani;Kamaluddin;Kapahang A (NO, , Staf Pengajar pada PS Bio PPS Unima) : Characteristics of clove leaf essential oil (Eugenia aromatica o.k) in various range of elevation. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(5), 27-32.

Indonesia is an agricultural country which total area 485 304 hectares of clove plantations. Clove leaf is the result of the clove tree that has not been widely used by farmers as compared to flowers or stems of clove cigarettes is widely used for industrial and food. The objective of this research was to analyze characteristics of the leaf essential oil of clove on the elevation ranges from 100 to 800 m above sea level, with an increase in elevation range of 100 m above sea level. At the study site the rate of decrease in temperature of about 0.9 °C every additional height of 100 m above sea level. This research was conducted in the laboratory with the UNIMA IBIKK sampling in the Kapataran Village to villages around DAS Tondano of Minahasa, North Sulawesi. For analysis performed on components of the Lab. Organic Chemistry UGM. The results showed that the characteristics of the leaf essential oil of clove on a variety of different elevation ranges. At the elevation range of 100-200 m above sea level clove leaf essential oil obtained with a yield 2.8% and in the range of 701-800 m above sea level elevation obtained with clove leaf essential oil yield of 1.27%. based on elevation range of the highest oil yield obtained from the elevation of 301-400 m above sea level with essential oil yield as much as 3.08%. The content of eugenol in clove essential oil obtained at the highest elevation range of 301-400 m above sea level with a percentage of 68.37% as much as the content of eugenol, eugenol content in the range of 100-200 m above sea level elevation of as much as 63.38% and the lowest content of eugenol at 701-800 m above sea level with percentage content of eugenol as much as 59.56%.

9 illus, 15 ref

017647   Antal S;Ashwlayan V D;Anuj Kumar (Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical Univ, Lucknow, Email: vrish.ashwlayan@miet.ac.in) : Protective effect of Nycthanthes arbor-tristis in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats "a behavioural and biochemical approach". Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(3), 1346-55.

The hydroalcoholic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (HeNAT) leaf was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. Memory impairment (amnesia) in male albino rats induced by scopolamine hydrochloride was recorded as transfer latency time (TLT) in EPM model; escape latency time (ELT) and time spent in Q4 target quadrant (TSTQ) in MWM model. Scopolamine markedly decreased the TLT over 2 min, ELT, TSTQ over 90 sec and consecutively impaired learning and memory. HeNAT leaf extract (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the TLT, ELT, TSTQ and improved memory. Higher levels of brain AChE, MDA and NO and lower level of GSH activity were observed in scopolamine treated rats, which were significantly attenuated by HeNAT leaf extract. It is concluded that the leaf extract exhibited a significant nootropic effect in scopolamine induced impairment of memory in rats. Nootropic effect of the plant leaf extract may be mediated through the inhibition of oxidative stress and due to presence of iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides which was reported to possess anti-cholinesterase activity.

24 ref

017646   Almaraz L M;Ramirez J L E;Mejia J S;Guerrero G A M (Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal No. 70-297, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico) : Effects profiles of complete aqueous extract and hexane and aqueous fractions of Phalaris canariensis L. seeds on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(5), 39-46.

Phalaris canariensis L. (P. canariensis), commonly known as canary seed, is used in the traditional medicine of Mexico for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Recent preclinical studies with different P. canariensis seed extracts support such uses. The main interest of this study was to describe the protective effect of the seeds on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) in rats and to assess the benefits gained from use of a complete aqueous extract. Our results indicate that the antihypertensive component(s) of P. canariensis seeds is (are) found in the aqueous fraction and that the substances responsible for the effects on obesity are found in both the aqueous and the hexane fractions. We conclude that both fractions are effective in attenuating manifestations of MS, and that administration of the complete aqueous extract of the P. canariensis seed is necessary for effective control when the P. canariensis seeds are used as an alternative herbal medicine.

5 illus, 36 ref

017645   Alam M M;Ali A;Ali M;Mir S R (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Email: showkatmir@gmail.com) : Chromatographic isolation and spectroscopic identification of phytoconstituents of Jujuba seeds (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.). J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017, 9(1), 26-32.

The seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) are astringent, aphrodisiac, tonic; used to cure cough, asthma, vomiting, burning sensation, biliousness, leucorrhoea, and eye infections in traditional systems of medicine. The methanol extract of seeds of Z. jujuba was partitioned into petroleum ether and water soluble fractions. Isolation of compounds was performed by silica gel column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were established on the basis of spectral studies and chemical reactions. Chromatographic separation of methanolic extract of seeds yielded three new phyto-constituents characterized as 3, 5, 7-trimethoxy-8, 3', 4', 5'-tetrahydroxy flavone-6-oxy hexahydrobisabolene ether (4), 1, 9-dihydroxy tetrahydrogeranyl-8-oxy-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (5) and terahydrogeranyl-8-oxy-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl (2a→1b)-O-β-D-glucofuranosyl - 111 - (2b→1c)-O-β-D-glucofuranosyl (2c→1d)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2d→1e)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2c→f)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2f-benzoate (6) along with five known compounds, palmitoyl palmitoleoyl arachidoyl glyceride (1), tetratriacontenoic acid (2), palmitoyl oleoyl linolenoyl glyceride (3), hexanyl tetraglucoside (7) and pentasaccharide (8). This is the first report of saturated monoterpene and sesquiterpene derivatives from jujuba seeds.

1 illus, 30 ref

017644   Al-Mayaly I K (Biology Dep, Baghdad Univ, College of Sciences, Iraq, Email: itharkamil@gmail.com) : Lyngbya sp. as a biosorbent for nickel and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 251-3.

Different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) ppm of both Nickel and Cadmium were depended to expose Lyngbya sp. to them, in order to test it ability to be as absorbent for Nickel and Cadmium. The results do not appear a good efficiency to remove Ni from aqueous solutions by the alga, where higher percentage 30% in the sixth day for 1and 3 ppm and in the fourth day for 5 ppm. The higher mean value of removal percentage of Nickel was 25% which recorded in 3 ppm. However, the results of Cadmium do not showed the better, because the higher percentage was 54% for 5 ppm was recorded after one day from exposure, moreover the mean of the percentage (22.5, 16.25, 8.33, 6.25 and 40%) for the concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ppm, respectively. Overall, lyngbya sp. does not appear a good efficiency to remove both Nickel and Cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Many explanations were mentioned in this paper, but as a conclusion and most accepted explanations includes, that the properties of secondary metabolites in nature are not completely understood.

2 tables, 19 ref

017643   Al-Anbari A K;Al-Hadeethi M A;Sleibi A T; Al-Taie A T;Ahmed L Q (NO, , Edu. Coll. Diyala Univ, Email: aseelalanbari@yahoo.com) : Phylogenetic relationships among euphorbia species according to random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 298-302.

Phylogentic relationships among six genotypes of Euphorbia were analyzed by RAPD-PCR markers, DNA of fresh young leaves was extracted from each sample for RAPD method, twenty primers were tested, but just four decamer primers clarify the diversity among genus. A total produced bands were fifty two, which fifty bands were polymorphic, The matrix reveals that Euphorbia taxa separated to main groups (I and II) with similarity range 1.18, the first group includes two species were Euphorbia milii and Euphorbia tirucalli they have been closest genetic distance matrix among species under study with similarity range 0.29, while group II contains 4 species it had divided to 2 clusters with similarity value 1.09, The results gained from this study can be used a phylogenetic tool in combination with other morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters to better understanding to systematic study of this genus.

2 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

017642   Al-Ahmer S D;Al-Amili W A;Al-Asady Z H; Al-Baiyati N I (Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Post Graduate S, Baghdad Univ, Iraq, Email: saifealahmer@yahoo.com) : Molecular detection of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from children infected with otitis media. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 197-201.

Moraxella is a fastidious organism that does not ferment carbohydrates, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic and oxidase positive diplococcus. The most important pathogen in the genus is Moraxella catarrhalis. It belongs to the family moraxellaceae and the bacterium can cause a variety of severe motile that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear (otitis media), eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. Aims of the current study were to review the impact of Moraxella catarrhalis in the otitis media infection, and use the singleplex PCR technique as a rapid identification method for Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from children clinically diagnosed with otitis media. In this study ear swabs from 50 children clinically diagnosed with otitis media were collected by sterile cotton swabs and used for conventional methods include culture, Gram staining, biochemical tests and singleplex PCR technique as a molecular method. Singleplex PCR was performed using primer pair targeted to the 16S rRNA gene of Moraxella catarrhalis. The conventional methods include culture, Gram staining and biochemical tests showed positive results in 12(24%) out of 50 (100%) children clinically diagnosed with otitis media, whereas the singleplex PCR method detected positive results in 10 (83.3%) out of 12 (100%) samples that were positive for these conventional methods. The singleplex PCR positive samples were identified by presence of <126>235 bp amplicon of 16S rRNA gene of the Moraxella catarrhalis. The singleplex PCR method using species-specific primers for Moraxella catarrhalis represented a rapid, specific and sensitive method to detect these bacteria in the otitis media infections of human.

5 illus, 16 ref

017641   Ahmadi R;Toloeghamary M;Pishghadam S (Physiology Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran, Email: ramahmd@yahoo.com) : Intraperitoneal injection of cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on passive avoidance learning in rats with streptozotocin-induced alzheimer's disease. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(2), 17-21.

Alzheimer's - 109 - disease is one of the most prevalent brain neurodegenerative diseases, in which neurons are destroyed specially in the areas related to cognitive activities. In the past, many drug therapies have been introduced for Alzheimer's disease that despite significant developments, they were not succeeded completely. In the present research, the effects of extract of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were studied on consolidation phase of memory in Streptozotocin male wistar rats model of Alzheimer's disease. Total 30 male wistar rats were divided into five groups. One group kept intact, given no injection whereas groups were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfoxide and Streptozotocin, Streptozotocin (STZ) as intracerebral ventricular and cinnamon extract through intraperitoneal. To assess learning and memory in rats, the passive avoidance learning test was performed. Intracerebroventicular Streptozotocin injection caused severe injuries to learning capacity and memory of rats, whereas the group received C. zeylanicum extract was found to improve such impairments.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

016874   Yata V K;Mahajan S;Thapa A;Ahmed S;Biswas A D;Sanjeev A;Mattaparthi V S K (Biotechnology Dep, Dr. BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 011, Email: venkata@tezu.ernet.in) : In silico methods reconfirm CDK2 as a potential molecular target of 5-fluorouracil. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2016, 53(5-6), 199-205.

The extensive use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in chemotherapy has given rise to drug-resistance. The fact that some compounds have shown additive and/or synergistic effects with 5-fluorouracil has led to the exploration of combination therapy. This has triggered the quest for computer aided design and screening of molecular targets for 5-FU based on Molecular Dynamics simulations. The current study was undertaken with the objective of designing and screening compounds which can serve as putative targets for 5-FU using 'in silico reverse screening' techniques and evaluation of their ligand-binding properties with 5-FU. The identification of molecular target was achieved employing two pharmacophore screening servers, namely, - 197 - PharmMapper and PharmaGist. The potential targets were selected after virtual screening, and their efficiency was compared with 5-FU based on docking analyses. This led to the identification of novel targets which were further evaluated based on free energy calculations by molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular dynamics based analysis revealed that cell division protein kinase 2 (CDK2) can act as molecular target for 5-FU. It also showed a binding affinity towards 5-FU which was comparable with human thymidine phosphorylase, a well-studied 5-FU target. Therefore, CDK2 in combination with 5-FU has great potential to be used of in chemotherapy.

5 illus, 31 ref

016873   Wagle B R;Chetri D K (Poultry Science Dep, Arkansas Univ, Arkanasas, Fayetteville, United States) : Evaluation of wound healing properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) in dogs. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(4), 5-7.

This study was conducted on 14 healthy dogs to assess the efficacy of topical neem (Azadirachta indica) powder on wound healing. Wound was made on right flank skin by surgical procedure and was treated with either crude neem or Neosporin antibiotics as standard control twice a day for 5 days (N=7/treatment). Degree of healing was evaluated on fifth day of surgery based on wound healing protocol of WSPA and hematology. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. The mean of clinical score of wound healing was not significantly different (P<62>0.05) between Neosporin (4.17°0.79) and neem (3.97°0.53). Fibrinogen, neutrophil and monocyte level for neem and Neosporin were not significantly different (P<62>0.05). Neem demonstrate a good alternative for wound management in dog and seems as effective as commercial antibiotics (Neosporin) but further investigations with histopathology of tissue is warranted for detail examination of healing activities.

1 table, 15 ref

016872   Verma R;Darwhekar G N;Gupta A;Sharma P (NO, Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: rinku.cip@gmail.com) : Design and development of microemulsion drug delivery system of felodipine for improvement of oral bioavailability. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2017, 8(4), 5511-7.

Microemulsion drug delivery system is a novel and versatile approach for overcoming the formulation difficulties of drugs with poor aqueous solubility. The main purpose of this work was to develop an oral microemulsion formulation for enhancing the bioavailability of felodipine. - 196 - Felodipine is a antihypertensive drug a calcium channel blocker it belongs to BCS class II. It shows extensive first pass metabolism. The bioavailability of felodipine is 15% hence it was suitable candidate for design microemulsion. The solubility of drug was determined in various oils, surfactants and cosurfactants for selection of components of formulations. Pseudo ternary phase diagram is a useful and important tool to study the phase behaviour of microemulsions Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the appropriate components and their concentration ranges that result in large existence area of microemulsion. Microemulsion was prepared with 6%Isopropyl Myristate(IPM), 30% Tween 80&10% PEG-400 and54% water respectively. Phase behaviour of the selected components was investigated by construction of ternary phase diagrams. Optimized formulation was evaluated for drug content, zeta potential, droplet size, pH, viscosity, in-vitro drug release profile and stability study. Globule size of optimize batch F3 was found to be 77.57nm. In vitro release study had shown 85.34% drug release from microemulsion which was more compared to pure drug suspension (55.1%).

6 illus, 8 tables, 11 ref

016871   Verma P;Rathore B;Kumar V;Mahdi A A;Singh R K (Biochemistry Dep, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Kanpur Road, Jhansi-284 001, Email: pbmlbc@gmail.com) : Allium sativum regulates lipid metabolism in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(12), 4949-55.

Allium sativum (A. sativum), commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion genus, Allium. The hypolipidemic activity of A. Sativum (Family: Amaryllidaceae) extract have been studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In this model oral administration of extract (500mg/kg bw., p.o.) for 15 days in diabetic-dyslipidemic rats exerted significant lipid lowering effect as assessed by the reversal of serum levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglyceride, free fatty acids, protein and lipid peroxide. The decrease of lipids and apoprotein levels of Very Low Density Lipoprotein and Low Density Lipoprotein were followed by stimulation of plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity as well as lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities with increase in reduced glutathione. Lipid and apoprotein level of High Density Lipoprotein were also recovered partially on treatment with A. sativum extract. The results of the present study demonstrated antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities in A. sativum extract which could be used in prevention of diabetic dyslipidemia and related complications. The hypolipidemic activity of A. sativum was compared with a standard drug glibenclamide (600 μg/kg b.w./day, p.o.).

36 ref

016870   Venil C K;Wahidin M A B;Aruldass C A;Ahmad W A (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Email: azlina@kimia.fs.utm.my) : - 195 - Production of bacterial pigments in low cost medium and formulation of biodegradable ink. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(7), 441-7.

Bacterial pigment production is an emerging field of research for its wide potential industrial applications. Prodigiosin (Serratia marcescens UTM1) and violacein (Chromobacterium violaceum UTM5) are such pigments which possess several biological properties and and have gained increasing importance in industrial markets such as drugs, cosmetics, textile dyeing, etc. The present study demonstrates the use of low cost medium for growth of locally isolated red, violet pigment producing bacteria and their application as biodegradable ink on plastic materials. The natural inks were successfully formulated using polyvinyl butyral, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and applied on plastic materials. They were able to withstand heat up to 60°C and showed no damage to plastic material during physical contact. The hue and chroma values showed the formulated natural inks falls within the red and violet colour. The results have shown that the bacterial pigments act as natural colourants and have great potential as biodegradable inks.

3 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

016869   Varjani S J;Upasani V N (Microbiology Dep, M G Science Institute, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: drsvs18@gmail.com) : Crude oil degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514: Influence of process parameters. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(7), 493-7.

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a major environmental concern in developing countries as these pollutants cause hazardous effects to the ecosystems and environment. Green technologies using microorganisms for remediation of these pollutants have gained considerable attention. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants degrading and biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514 was isolated from crude oil polluted site of Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India. Effect of agitation, temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, petroleum and non-petroleum carbon source and its concentrations, nitrogen sources and inoculum ratio on growth of P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 were studied. Optimum growth of P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 was observed at 1% (w/v) glucose, pH 7.2, incubation at 37° at 180 rpm with 1% (v/v) inoculum for four days. However, this organism also utilized crude oil and glycerol as sole carbon source. Thus, P. aeruginosa used in the presented study here appeared as a mesophilic, halotolerant, aerobic, crude oil utilizer strain. Bioaugmentation studies of this bacterial isolate would help exploring its commercial feasibility in bioremediation of subsurface oil spills.

3 illus, 32 ref

016868   Vantamuri A B;Kaliwal B B (Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Microbiology Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad-580 003, Email: b_kaliwal@yahoo.com) : Production of laccase by newly isolated Marasmium sp. BBKAV79 in solid state fermentation and its antiproliferative activity. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(12), 4978-87.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the production of laccase by Marasmius sp. BBKAV79 in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) and its antiproliferative activity. Experiments were also conducted to determine the variables that could affect activity of laccase. In particular, the effects of the initial moisture content, pH, temperature, and inoculum volume, incubation period in addition to carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated. Rice bran was found to be the best supported lignocellulosic substrate for extracellular laccase production under SSF. Highest activity of laccase was achieved at pH 6.0 and temperature at 40°C. Inoculum size and incubation period for laccase production at 2000μl culture broth and 10 days respectively. The presence of starch and ammonium sulphate in the growth medium was found to be favourable for the production of the laccase. Such a high activity was obtained without any addition of inducers. Thus, the indigenous isolate is found to be a potential producer of laccase using SSF and can be exploited for further biotechnological applications. The process also promises economical utilization and value addition of agro-residues and it potently suppressed the proliferation of tumor cell lines KB, MCF7 and VERO with an IC50 value of 88.61 μl, 49.5 μl, and <126>67603 μl respectively, signifying that it is an anticancer protein.

74 ref

016867   Vanitha Reddy P;Urooj A (DOS in Food Science and Nutrition, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006, Email: vanithareddy@jssuni.edu.in) : Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Morus indica Linn. against toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(2), 845-51.

Morus indica- MI-S36 is a potential source of phytochemicals and is well explored for its medicinal properties such as antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. In the present study, Mous indica aqueous (MAq) and dechlorophyllised (MDc) extracts efficacy to protect against the carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced hepatotoxicity was studied in rats in comparison with standard drug Liv52. The experimental group rats were pre treated with MAq, MDc and Liv52 for 7days. Healthy control and positive control group animals were fed wth Olive oil and after 7days two doses of CCl₄ was given at 12 and 36 hrs intervals to all the animal groups. After 12 hrs of CCl₄ dosage animals were sacrificed and biochemical parameters analysed in the serum. The total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin were within the normal level in all the groups whereas the hepatic enzymes AST, ALT and ALP activity was less in Liv52 and Morus treated groups. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, were determined. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Morus treated groups were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than Liv52, CCl₄ and healthy control groups. Also pre treatment with Morus extracts restored the hepatic architecture near to the standard drug treatment which is showed in histopathologicl sections of liver. Hence the results indicate the liver protective property of Morus indica.

26 ref

016866   Vadalia J;Vekariya S;Raval M;Seth N (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot-360 005, Email: jigna.vadalia@gmail.com) : In vitro cystein protease inhibitory activity of selected indian antimalarial plants. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(3), 476-81.

In this study few plants having antimalarial activity (leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Caesalpinia crista L., Ailanthus excelsa Roxb., Bauhinia variegate L., seed of Balanites aegyptiaca Delile, entire plant of Enicostema littorale Blume, fruits of Momordica charantia L.) were screened for cystein protease inhibitory activity. Cysteine protease inhibitory activity was done by papain inhibition assay. Water and methanol extracts of all selected plants were screened for in vitro enzyme inhibition assay. Percentage inhibition of papain was measured and IC₅₀ for all the extracts were calculated. Comparative study of above selected medicinal plants methanolic and water extract showed the maximum inhibition in leaves of N. arbor-tristis, 87.8051 %, IC₅₀ - 13.03 μg/ml and 85.6189 %, IC₅₀ - 16.54 μg/ml, respectively. The present study has provided scientific validity to leaves of N. arbor-tristis against cysteine protease inhibition activity and it is concluded that protease inhibitor of N. arbor-tristis leaves are an indicator of wide range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antimalarial, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, etc., isolation of cysteine protease inhibitors may provide a lead compound for development of novel therapeutic agents in the above areas.

3 illus, 23 ref

016865   Tidke P R;Maurya D K;Kulkarni A P;Devasagayam T P A;Pal J K (Biotechnology Dep, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Pune-411 007, Email: jkpal@hotmail.com) : Radiation-induced oxidative stress regulates protein synthesis by modulating the expression of heme-regulated eIF2α kinase human K562 cells. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2016, 53(3-4), 95-103.

Inhibition of protein synthesis executed at the initiation step is the overall response of cells during stress. Here, we evaluated the effect of gamma radiation induced oxidative stress on protein synthesis in human K562 cells. In erythroid cells such as K562, the heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase, also called the heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), is abundant and is instrumental in regulating protein synthesis. We, therefore, examined the modulation of expression and activity of HRI in K562 cells at various time points following their exposure to 6 Gy of gamma radiation. Radiation-induced oxidative stress was reflected by a dose-dependent increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species with time up to 6 h. Further, cell membrane damage in terms of lipid peroxidation and lipid hydroperoxide formation was also observed. Interestingly, radiation induced oxidative stress led to a significant decrease in the rate of protein synthesis caused due to induced activation as well as expression of HRI within 1 h. Furthermore, radiation exposure also caused increased expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in 1 h. These results have demonstrated shutdown of global protein synthesis in K562 cells during radiation induced oxidative stress, mediated by overexpression and activation of HRI possibly caused by Hsp90.

7 illus, 31 ref

016864   Thapar P;Garcha S (Biotechnology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: thapar@yahoo.com) : Incidence and characterization of Pseudomonas species isolated from spoilt fresh produce. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(6), 372-6.

India is one of the major producers of fruits and vegetables accounting for 10 and 14% of world total production, respectively. However, it loses 4.58-15.88% of its total produce during harvest and post-harvest stage. Pseudomonas spp. plays a major role in this loss. The pectolytic fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are known to cause post harvest rots of celery, chicory, lettuce, cabbage and potato. On the other hand, emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to factors such as the overuse of antibiotics including food industry and an increasingly immuno-compromised population is a matter of concern. In this context,, here, we isolated Pseudomonas spp. from spoilt fresh produce using three selective media viz. King's Medium B, Crystal Violet Pectate (CVP) Medium and Mac-Conkey Agar. The microscopic, cultural, biochemical characteristics and anti-microbial resistance of the isolates were compared to reference Pseudomonas NCDC 105. The isolated Pseudomonas species were observed to be resistant to antibiotic penicillin and some of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, carbenicillin and streptomycin as well. Therefore, it is suggested that caution may be taken while prescribing these antibiotics for food-borne diseases related to Pseudomonads spp.

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

016863   Thakur N;Nath A K (Biotechnology Dep, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173 212, Email: nishathakur81086@gmail.com) : Possible applications of tannase from penicillium crustosum AN₃. J Envir Biosci 2016, 30(2), 519-22.

Tannase - an important industrial enzyme used in biodegradation and food industry was obtained from Penicillium crustosum AN<>3. Fungal strain was previously isolated from tannin rich apple orchard soil; molecularly identified and submitted to NCBI gene bank for accession no. An attempt was made to utilize forest waste dried pine needles by P. crustosum AN₃ for secretion of tannase under solid state fermentation (SSF). Highest tannase acticity (38.603 Ug^-1) was obtained after 96 h of incubation at 30°C and it was coincided with yield of gallic acid (8.42 mgg^-1). Statistically a positive correlation (r=0.9772) has been calculated between tannase activity vs gallic acid production which was found to be significant up to 96 h of incubation thus proving their direct relationship with each other. Crude enzyme obtained was studied for its ability in pine needle degradation, tea colour decolourization, dye decolourization and - 192 - debrowning of apple cubes.

4 illus, 20 ref

016862   Suvarna V M;Sangave P C (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Managemen, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai-400 056, Email: preeti.sangave@nmims.edu) : Development and validation of stability indicating RP-HPLC method for tenofovir solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(2), 658-66.

Tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate (TDF) is an essential component of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type-1 patients. A stability-indicating HPLC method for the determination of TDF in solid-lipid nanoparticles was developed and validated. Chromatographic analysis was performed in a Agilent 1260 Infinity series, equipped with Waters Reliant^TM C₁₈ column, (USA) (250mm long, 4.6mm internal diameter, particle size 5μm), using a mobile phase composed of an aqueous phase (20mM KH₂PO₄) pH 2.4 and acetonitrile in the (50:50) ratio, at 1.0ml/min flow rate and injection volume of 20μl. Under the conditions established, the method demonstrated to be specific, without interference from formulation excipients, stability- indicating, linear (r² = 0.9977) in the concentration range of 10.0 to 60.0μg/ml, precise (RSD=0.462), accurate (99.12%-100.76% of mean recovery) and robust. The TDF sample showed degradation under acid, base, oxidative, photolytic and dry heat stress conditions. The drug content of the solid lipid nanoparticle formulation when analyzed by the proposed method was found to be 98.92%.

18 ref

016861   Surendar A (School of Electronics, Vignan's Univ, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, Email: surendararavindhan@gmail.com) : Multi dimension protein impact matrix based protein sequence prediction using data mining. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(2), 427-34.

Proteins are the most essential and versatile macromolecules of life, and the knowledge of their functions is a - 191 - crucial link in the development of new drugs, better crops, and even the development of synthetic biochemicals such as biofuels. Experimental procedures for protein function prediction are inherently low throughput and are thus unable to annotate a non-trivial fraction of proteins that are becoming available due to rapid advances in genome sequencing technology. This has motivated the development of computational techniques that utilize a variety of high-throughput experimental data for protein function prediction, such as protein and genome sequences, gene expression data, protein interaction networks and phylogenetic profiles.

^iia20 ref

016860   Sunny S;Krishnakumar K (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, St. James College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Chalakudy, Kerala, Email: shereenss712@gmail.com) : Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of Garcinia brasiliensis leaf extract. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(2), 763-7.

The in vitro antioxidant activity of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and alcoholic fraction of the total ethanolic extract of the leaves of Garcinia brasiliensis have been tested using various antioxidant model systems viz., ferric reducing power assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Ethyl acetate fraction is found to possess higher ferric reducing power and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the various fractions are studied and the ethyl acetate fraction is found to possess high total phenolic and flavonoid content, thus correlating it with the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate fraction.

13 ref

016859   Suneetha A;Sharmila D (Pharmaceutical Analysis Dep, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amaravathi road, Guntur-522 002, Email: drasuneetha@gmail.com) : Method development and validation for the estimation of idelalisib in rabbit plasma by HPLC. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(12), 4998-5005.

A simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate high performance liquid chromatography was developed for determination of Idelalisib (IL) in rabbit plasma using Ibrutinib as internal standard (IS). Idelalisib is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor indicated in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), relapsed follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (FL), and relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). The analytes and IS were separated on a ODS (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using Mobile phase composition as Buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 85:15 v/v%. The total chromatographic runtime is 10.0 min with retention time for IL and IS at 7.195, and 5.435 min, respectively with a flow rate 1ml/min. The method is validated over a dynamic linear range of 0.02-4 μg/mL for IL with a correlation coefficient of r2 0.999. The method was validated as per the USFDA guidelines and the results were within the acceptance criteria for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery stability of solution and stability of solution in plasma.

10 ref

016858   Sudha D S;Singh T;Suresh P;Pamu S (NO, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus - School of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpattnam, Hyderabad-501 506, Email: datrik.saisudha1@gmail.com) : Comparative study of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon martinii addressing antibacterial activity. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(4), 123-6.

The present study was designed to judge the in vitro antibacterial activity and comparision of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon martinii. From the folklore claim and ethnobotanical review, the plant Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon martini leaves has been found to contain terpenes and terpenoids i.e.essential oil and the plants are used in indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections. It is generally considered that compounds produced naturally rather than synthetically, will be biodegraded more easily and be therefore environmentally more acceptable. Thus, natural drugs which are used to treat various diseases antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidants, cytotoxic and nutrients gained importance in the recent years, and their use and positive image among consumers are spreading. In recent years multiple drug resistance in both human and plant pathogenic microorganisms have been developed due to the - 190 - indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobial drugs commonly used in the treatment of infectious diseases. In order to find new therapeutic agents, plants that have antibacterial (antimicrobial) activity have attracted attention of researchers. The antibacterial activity was studied in three different concentrations (10μl, 15μl, 20μl) were tested against Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. At highest concentration of 20μl exhibits more Antibacterial activity and Cymbopgon martini shows more antibacterial activity than Ocimum basilicum in all three concentrations by using Well diffusion method.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

016857   Srisailam K;Vijayabhaskar K;Gowrishankar N L (Pharmacy Dep, Univ College, Satavahana Univ, Karimnagar, Telangana, Email: bhaskar3743@yahoo.com) : Antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method of methanolic extract of n- butanol fraction of Tribulus terrestris Linn. (family zygophyllaceae). Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(4), 127-30.

In this study Anti oxidant activity was performed by DPPH(1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging method for Tribulus terrestris L. Whole plant methanolic extraction fractionation with toluene and n-butanol in succession. The obtained fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield corresponding antioxidant activity. The IC50 concentration for the standard,ascorbic acid and for BF-TTME were found to be 0.085 and 4.5 μg/ml respectively.

1 table, 23 ref

016856   Srinivasan R;Mageshwari A;Subramanian P; Maurya V K;Sugnathi C;Amballa C;Sa T;Gothandam K M (School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: gothandam@gmail.com) : Exogenous expression of ACC deaminase gene in psychrotolerant bacteria alleviates chilling stress and promotes - 189 - plant growth in millets under chilling conditions. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(7), 463-8.

Endogeneous ethylene evolved during cold stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth which can be controlled by bacterial enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (ACCD), by breaking down ACC, the precursor of ethylene. In the present study, we introduced ACCD expressing plasmid in ACCD negative psychrotolerant bacteria to study its effect on growth of finger and foxtail millet seedlings. ACCD negative Sphingomonas faeni ISO were selected and transformed with plasmid pRKACC containing the acdS gene. Inoculation of the millet seeds and studying physiological parameters when a cold stress of 4 and 10°C was imposed showed that inoculation with ACCD expressing strains improved root and shoot length, biomass content of foxtail and finger millets seeds. Further, we also observed increased antioxidant activity in the plants by high levels of SOD, CAT, GPX, POD, APX and GR enzyme activity, and decreased proline content on inoculation with ACCD positive mutants. The enzyme ACC deaminase is thus be proved to be a potential strategy to alleviate cold stress in foxtail and finger millet by regulating endogenous ethylene evolved during stress conditions.

5 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

016855   Soltani M;Malek R A;Ware I;Ramli S;Elsayed E A;Aziz R;Al-Enhasy H A (Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Tekonologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, Email: henshasy@ibd.utm.my) : Optimization of cordycepin extraction from Cordyceps mlitaris fermentation broth. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(6), 355-61.

Cordyceps is one of the components of traditional Chinese medicine. This mushroom becomes worldwide famous due to its significant therapeutic effects on various diseases. Nucleoside like cordycepin, a major bioactive compound from Cordyceps militaris, is commonly known as promising anticancer and antitumor compound. The aim of study is to determine an optimal mixture ratio of solvent-solvent-based extraction method, which is used for extraction of cordycepin, from cultivated Cordyceps militaris DSMZ 23612 fermentation broth. Hence, the optimization process was performed using statistical (RSM) design leaded an optimal cordycepin extraction using solvent mixture including hot water (23%), ethanol (30%), methanol (25%) and ethyl acetate (22%). In addition, the final extracted cordycepin (786.94 mgL^-1 of 81% purity) was achieved through extraction parameters as sample: solvent ratio (v/v), extraction temperature, extraction time and frequency at (1:10), 35 °C, 90 min and 1 cycle, respectively. The experimental values obtained were fit with those predicted, thus indicate the suitability of RSM and method for optimization of cordycepin extraction.

3 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

016854   Sofia S;Merlee Teresa M V (Botany Dep, St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam, Kerala, Email: sraigil@gmail.com) : Investigation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Excoecaria agallocha, L.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(12), 5062-6.

Mangrove survives in the most hostile environment with fluctuating tidal and saline regime. The present work focused on a detailed study on quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents and DPPH radical scavenging activity of Excoecaria agallocha L., a mangrove from Kattiparambu and Chirackal of Ernakulam District, Kerala. Preliminary phytochemical investigation indicated the presence of biologically active metabolites of leaf, stem and root of the plant in different solvents. Methanol and hexane gave maximum results. Since the plant grows in stress conditions showed the presence of amino acids. Recorded values for high protein in leaf (4.8%), stem (1.93%), Carbohydrate in the root (11.17%) at Chirackal. Phenols (6.02%), flavanoids (3.6%) and tannins (5.68%) was observed in leaf samples of the species at Chirackal. Methanolic extract showed maximum free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀-141.56μg/ml) in leaf samples and stem showed minimum (IC50-931.3μg/ml) in chloroform extract. The range of DPPH radical scavenging activity in the solvent is Methanol <62> Ethyl acetate <62> Ethanol <62> Chloroform.

32 ref

016853   Singh R S;Walia A K;Pratibha;Khattar J S; Singh D P (Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: rssingh11@lycos.com) : New cell surface lectins with complex carbohydrate specificity from cyanobacteria. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(7), 514-22.

Lectins, proteins mainly of plant origin, possess anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antiproliferative, antitumour and antiviral properties. Further, they are useful tools in biomedical research, have potent mitogenic potential, and also play a vital role in various biological processes, particularly in host defense mechanisms. The beneficial nature of lectins is often attributed to their ability to agglutinate cells through sugar-specific binding sites. Here, we screened cyanobacterial species for occurrence of surface bound lectins and evaluated their carbohydrate specificity. Eleven cyanobacterial species were screened for lectins using human, pig, sheep, goat and rabbit erythrocytes. Amongst them, only five organisms, namely Anabaena naviculoides RFKK3, Anabaena torulosa RFGB5, Anabaena variabilis RFTM22, Desmonostoc muscorum RFKK18 and Synechocystis sp. RFDB50 were found to possess cell surface lectins. These lectins showed non-specific agglutination towards animal (rabbit, pig, sheep and goat) and human (ABO) erythrocytes. Neuraminidase treated human blood type-O erythrocytes enhanced the lectin activity of Anabaena naviculoides RFKK3, Anabaena torulosa RFGB5, Anabaena variabilis RFTM22, Desmonostoc muscorum RFKK18, while protease treated human blood type-O erythrocytes enhanced the lectin activity of only Anabaena variabilis RFTM22 and Desmonostoc muscorum RFKK18. Lectin activity of Synechocystis sp. RFDB50 remained unaltered with enzymatically treated human blood type-O erythrocytes. A panel of sugars were tested for inhibition of lectin activity. Lectins from majority of the test organisms were found to be inhibited by glycoproteins, bovine submaxillary mucin and porcine stomach mucin. Simple sugars and derivatives were non-inhibitory towards Anabaena variabilis RFTM22 lectin activity. This indicates that cyanobacterial lectins possess unique glycoprotein binding specificities. Anabaena naviculoides RFKK3 and Anabaena torulosa RFGB5 cultures showed maximum lectin activity during log phase of growth. Anabaena variabilis RFTM22 and Desmonostoc muscorum RFKK18 cultures expressed maximum lectin activity during stationary phase of growth. However, Synechocystis sp. RFDB50 expressed lectin activity only during log phase of growth. Literature survey reveals, this is the first report on cell surface lectins from cyanobacteria.

1 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

016852   Singh N;Tailang M;Mehta S C (School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji Univ, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Email: namrata.singhms@gmail.com) : Phytohemical screening and immunomodulatory activity of different extract of Spinacia oleracia leaves. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(2), 878-82.

The extracts of Spinacia oleracia leaves studied for Phytochemical screening and different extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves was - 187 - studied for immunomodulatory activity. The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated by delayed type hypersensitivity response using SRBCs. The n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanolic and aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves was studies for DTH response. The dichloromethane extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves extract showed significant increase in the hypersensitivity response, indicating its effect on cell mediated immunity. From the above result, it was concluded that the preliminary Phytochemical analysis revealed that different active constituent present in different extracts such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fat, oils, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins and other phenolics compounds and the dichloromethane extract of Spinacia oleracea has a significant effect on cell mediated immunity.

13 ref

016851   Singh A;Srivastva N;Dubey S K (Botany Dep, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: skdubey@bhu.ac.in) : Molecular diversity of methanogenic archaea and methane production potential of soil in relation to rice cultivars. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(7), 506-13.

Rice is a staple food of human kind and its demand is ever increasing. Asia accounts for 91% of global rice production of which India contributes 23%. The increasing demand has led to the development of various high yielding varieties and cultivars. Rice cultivation in flooded fields is known to influence the atmospheric methane-budget. Here, we studied the effects of rice cultivars on methane (CH_{4) production, methanogenic archaeal diversity and abundance in Indian rice soils using six rice cultivars (IDR 763, HUR 3022, Sahbhagi, Swarna sub 1, MTU 7029 and BPT 5204). Methanogen community size and diversity was analyzed using qPCR and DGGE targeting mcr A and 16S rRNA gene fragments, respectively. Methanogenic community size varied among cultivars (1.65-97.6 x 10⁵ copies g^-1 dws). The diversity analysis revealed five methanogenic groups i.e., Methanocellaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanosaetaceae and Methanosarcinaceae common to all the cultivar samples but with varying composition. Methane production of soil samples was in the order: Sahbhagi <60>HUR 3022 <60>IDR 763 <60>Swarna sub 1 <60>MTU 7029 <60>BPT 5204. It has been observed that rice cultivars with different plant biomass could provide favourable niche for the prevalence of methanogenic archaeal community that imparts differential effects on soil CH4 production.}

2 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

016850   Singh A;Adsul M;Vaishnav N;Mathur A;Singhania R R (DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation, R & D Centre Sector-13, Faridabad-121 007, Email: - 186 - reetasinghania@gmail.com) : Improved cellulase production by Penicillium janthinellum mutant. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(7), 436-40.

Economic and sustainable production of bioethanol from biomass through enzymatic route depends on economics of cellulase availability, the key factor for the success of the technology. It has been realized that the bottleneck of the technology lies in obtaining highly efficient cellulase which could result in an economically feasible technology. In this study, we compared cellulase production by Penicillium janthinellum EMS UV-8 in shake flask in two different medium; modified Mandel and Weber (M & W) and the corn steep liquor (CSL) based medium. In CSL based medium, 3.02 FPU/mL was produced compared to 1.25 FPU/mL in modified r M & W medium. Hence, CSL based medium was employed in bioreactor for cellulase production. In cellulase production, Penicillium sp. is comparable to the widely acclaimed Trichoderma sp. Changing the production medium from modified M & W medium to CSL based medium, increased cellulase production by two fold. In the bioreactor, controlled monitoring of DO and pH resulted in increase in the cellulase activity upto 5.44±0.3 FPU/ml at 168 h.

2 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

016849   Shukla P;Shukla P;Alok S (NO, Pharmacy College Saifai, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, Email: shuklapp2000@gmail.com) : Thrombolytic activity of Phyllanthus amarus. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(12), 5125-7.

Objectives was to Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) is an erect annual herb of not more than one and half feet tall and has small leaves. Plant contains many important phytoconstituent which are responsible for various pharmacological activity like to treat jaundice, diabetes, gonorrhea and arthritis. The plant is rich source of polyphenol and some particular types of polyphenol are responsible for thrombolytic activity. So in current study the plant is selected to screen its thrombolytic activity. The thrombolytic activity was screened by in-vitro clot lysis model. In this model the blood sample (500μl/tube) from human volunteer has been collected in microcentrifuge tubes. After incubation the standard drug and different dilutions of test drug were added whereas water is taken as control. Percentage of Clot lysis was calculated on the basis of the weight difference of microcentrifuge tubes obtained before and after clot lysis. Using an in-vitro clot lysis model, Phyllanthus amarus at a dose of 10mg/100 μl and 20mg/100 μl showed 18.99%, 39.88% clot lysis respectively. The result shows that Phyllanthus amarus possess significant% of clot lysis with reference to Streptokinase (62.15%). The present study indicated that Phyllanthus amarus possesses positive thrombolytic properties that could lysis blood clots. Further studies using in vivo models are required to carry out and establish the effectiveness and pharmacological rationale for the use of Phyllanthus amarus as a thrombolytic drug. The drug may be further explored for its phytochemical profile to identify the active constituent responsible for thrombolytic activity.

11 ref

016848   Shubha G N;Shanti K N;Jonnalagadda R;Kamboj R;Sridhar S (Biotechnology Dep, PES Institute of Technology, 100ft Ring road, Banashankari III stage, Bangalore-560 085, Email: gns.shubha@gmail.com) : Antioxidant and antileukemic activity of Vitex negundo leaf extracts. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(12), 5056-61.

Vitex negundo is an Indian medicinal plant used to cure several diseases such as asthama, fever, headache, cancer and many other diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potential and anti-proliferative activity of Vitex negundo methanolic leaf extract. Isolation of bioactive compounds involved liquid-liquid extraction of methanolic leaf extract by petroleum ether and chloroform. The total antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined using phosphomolybdenum, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric oxide reducing power (FRAP) and Nitric Oxide methods. It was observed that the crude and chloroform extracts had good antioxidant activity. The antileukemic activity of the chloroform extract was tested on HEL92.1.7 and Jurkat cell lines (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia derived) by cytotoxicity assay (MTT). The plant extracts exhibited poor cytotoxicity against the erythroid cell lines but showed good cytoxicity on Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. This study shows that the chloroform fraction of V negundo leaf has both antioxidant and antileukemic activity.

28 ref

016847   Shruthi R R;Venkatesh Y P;Muralikrishna G (Biochemistry Dep, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), KRS Road, Mysuru-570 020, Email: krishnagm2002@yahoo.com) : In vitro immunomodulatory potential of macromolecular components derived from the aqueous extract of ajowan [Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague]. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(3), 506-13.

Ajowan [Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague] has proven medicinal and nutritive properties. The role of ajowan within the intricate network of interaction of cells of the immune system has also been quite studied. In this present study, the immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharide/polysaccharide-protein complexes (PPCs) have been assessed.Ajowan aqueous extract was precipitated with ethanol followed by dialysis. The resultant dialyzed solution was subjected to DEAE-Cellulose column chromatography by stepwise elution with sodium chloride (0-0.5M); 0.4 M NaCl eluate showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes and hence named as, ajowan immunomodulatory component (ImC). This component of interest comprised of acidic polysaccharides, glycoproteins and associated bound phenolics. ImC induced proliferation of murine splenocytes effectively at the concentration of 1 μg mL^{-1 (p <60> 0.005). Pronase treated ImC (Imc-Pt) failed to elicit mitogenic effect towards splenocytes; however, it could activate peritoneal exudate cells for synthesis of nitric oxide and phagocytosis at the minimum concentration of 10 ng mL-1 (p <60> 0.005). From the above results it can be concluded that both protein and polysaccharide constituents of ImC have independent roles in its immunomodulation property, i.e., protein on B-lymphocyte proliferation and carbohydrates on macrophage activation.}

6 illus, 29 ref

016846   Shiny Guruce A;Rajanarayanan S;Jagatheesan K; Gopal Samy B (Biotechnology Dep, St. Michael College of Engineering & Technology, Kalayarkoil, Tamil Nadu, Email: shinykumaresan11@gmail.com) : Isolation of microbes for remediation of textile dye industry effluent. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 432-9.

Textile industry effluent is known to contain strong colour, a highly fluctuating pH, significant Chemical oxygen demand, Biochemical oxygen demand and Total dissolved solids. On account of these natures, degradation or decolourization of textile waste water becomes a major problem in wastewater treatment as synthetic dye is the major pollutant in textile waste water. The principle aim of this study is to isolate dye degrading actinomycetes from textile industry effluent, to characterize the obtained isolates and to screen them for TBG and RBB dye degradation. Experiments included collection of soil samples; actinomycetes isolation by serial dilution and spread plate technique on ISP2 medium; characterization for their physiological, microscopic and biochemical properties; and screening for TBG and RBB dye degradation. Soil samples collected around textile dye industry at Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu was used for isolation. Isolates obtained were identified on the basis of their physiological, morphological and biochemical properties as Streptomyces species. Being home-grown in nature, the isolated Streptomyces sp. presented significant ability to degrade TBG and RBB dyes. However precise identification requires further studies including molecular characterization.

4 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

016845   Sharma P;Gupta S (School of Pharmaceutical Science, ApeejayStya Univ, Gurgaon, Email: swatig25@gmail.com) : Convergent synthetic platform for nanoparticle with combination against visceral leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2017, 8(4), 5491-9.

The synthesis of PLGA-Nanoparticles therapeutics capable of controlled loading and synchronized release of multiple therapeutic agents remains a difficult challenge in drug delivery and polymer chemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis of PLGA-Nanoparticles that carry accurate weight ratios of Amphotericin B and Doxorubicin. To our knowledge, this work provides the example of macrophage targeted therapy against visceral leishmaniasis by incorporating macrophage specific ligand - Lectin which specifically targets to the localized target sites. The highly convergent synthetic approach opens the door to new Nanoparticles based combination therapies for visceral leishmaniasis.

5 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref