023428   Shahi J;Chauhan S;Singh A (Natural product Laboratory, Zoology Dep, DDU Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009, Email: singhajay_gkp@rediffmail.com) : Comparative study on the haematological effect of synthetic and plant origin pesticides on fish Channa punctatus. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2013, 4(1), 48-53.

Application of synthetic pesticides is one of the methods used to increase agriculture production, animal husbandry and welfare of mankind. Due to their long-term persistence, slow degradability toxicity to other organisms and accumulation inside the fish body, synthetic pesticides adversely affect the environment. To solve this problem, studies have been carried out on the possibility of using plant origin pesticides. In the present investigation, a study has been carried out to compare the hematological effect of synthetic pesticides, Furadan and plant origin pesticides, viz. rutin, taraxerol and apigenin. Fishes were exposed to different sub-lethal concentration of these compounds for one week. Thereafter, blood was assayed for selected haematological parameters (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, total plasma protein and plasma glucose concentration). Sub-lethal concentrations of these compounds caused a dose dependent decrease in haemoglobin values coupled with a decrease in haematocrit values and red blood cell counts. The total white blood cell counts and the differential white blood cell counts were decreased except for the lymphocytes. Plasma protein and glucose were also lower in exposed fish when compared with control. The haematological indices, MCH, MCHC and MCV were also lowered. Results indicate that Furadan are more toxic than rutin, taraxerol and apigenin.

3 tables, 57 ref

023427   Sarkar N K (NO, , 28 Mogaltuli Lane, Chinsurah, Hooghly-712 101) : Four new species of Ceratomyxa thelohan 1892 inhabiting the gallbladder of fishes of the Bay of Bengal coast of West Bengal, India. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 35-42.

Four new species of Ceratomyxa (Bivalvulida : Ceratomyxidae), viz. Ceratomyxa lactariasae sp. n., C. sardinae sp. n., C. sihamae sp. n. and C. baybanga sp. n. have been described from gallbladders of fishes Lactarius lactarius, Sardinella longiceps, Sillago sihama and Arias arias respectively. These myxosporeans have been compared with the related Ceratomyxa species and considered new to science.

8 illus, 15 ref

023426   Santhosh Kumar E S;Roy P E;Shareef S M (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 562, Email: santhoshkumares@gmail.com) : Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza barnesii C.E.C. Fisch. (rubiaceae) from the Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. J Threatened Taxa 2013, 5(7), 4115-17.

5 ref

023425   Santhanam P;Perumal P (Marine Science Dep, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: sanplankton@yahoo.co.in) : Developmental biology of brackishwater copepod Oithona rigida Giesbrecht: a laboratory investigation. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(2), 236-43.

Attempt was made on larval metamorphosis of cyclopoid copepod Oithona rigida under laboratory condition. In the larval development, O. rigida has six naupliar and six copepodite stages precede the adult and it reached adulthood early. Duration of development from egg to adult was 12 days at 28°C. Copepodite stages lasted longer than naupliar stages.

5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

023424   Rohankar P;Dabhadkar D;Labhsetwar N (Zoology Dep, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati, Maharashtra, India, Email: rohankarp@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of impact of phosphamidon on protein status of freshwater fish Channa punctatus. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(1), 123-6.

An evaluation of impact of Organophosphate pesticide Phosphamidon on protein content of fish Channa was carried out. After determination of LC₅₀ the sublethal concentration of phosphamidon (0.005ml/lt) was used for toxicity experiment and soluble and insoluble protein content of different tissues such as muscle, liver, kidney and blood at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs exposure was studied. It was found that there was a decreasing trend of both soluble and insoluble proteins up to the experiment but maximum decrease was found at 48 hrs. This might be due to proteolytic activity after that there was some level especially in blood and liver suggesting the increased enzyme synthesis to cope with toxic stress.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

023423   Ray D C;Singh L A;Singh S M (Ecology and Environmental Science Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar, Cachar, Assam, Email: raydulal@yahoo.co.in) : Ecology and diversity of microarthropod faunal structure in canopy and soil from tropical evergreen forest of Cachar district, Assam. Natn J Life Sci 2012, 9(2), 149-53.

Present study was carried out to know the faunal status and community structure of microarthropod groups in canopy of Vortex sp., a dominant plant of Tropical Evergreen Forest of Cachar district. This study showed that the species composition of the community differed greatly between the canopy Utter and soil litter. A total of 17 groups of microarthropods were recorded from both the soil and canopy. Among 17 groups of soil microarthropods, 9 were commonly distributed in both the investigated strata. Hymenoptera (25.71%), Oribatid mite (24.57%) and Collembola (21.93%) were observed in the soil. Oribatid mite (32.27%), Diptera (18.85%) and Collembola (17.97%) were found dominated in the canopy litter. The peak population of total micro arthropod group in canopy was recorded in the month of February (24.67), whereas in the soil the same was observed during April,2011 (56.67). The least population of microarthropods in both canopy and soil were recorded during April,2011 (18.33) and March,2011 (22.00) respectively. Shannon-wiener diversity index was more in canopy and soil in Dec.,2010 (2.32) and April, 2011 (2.70) respectively. Evenness maintained a steady state condition throughout the course of investigation. From the present study it can be concluded that edaphic factors and climatic factors, effect on the dynamics of microarthropods.

2 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

023422   Prasanna Kumar V;Harinath P;VenkataRamana S P (Zoology Dep, Yogi Vemana Univ, Kadapa-Andhra Pradesh) : Life cycle and larval performance of the joker Byblia ilithyia (Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera:Nymphalidae) from Southern Andhra Pradesh. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(1), 15-9.

The Joker butterfly, Byblia ilithyia was multivoltine, and breeds almost throughout the year with high frequency during the periods from September to December. The life cycle from egg to adult emergence was relatively short spanning over 22 - 27 days. Successful development of adults, larvae and pupae are from 80 -100% during the said period. Short life cycle and high success development of life stages suggest the production of 12 -13 broods in the season. The different stages from egg to adult emergence of Byblia ilithyia on Tragia plukentii was discussed in detail. Nutritional indices consumption index (CI) and approximate digestibility (AD) increase as the larvae aged, while growth rate (GR) increases, efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) are inversely related as age increased.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

023421   Pawar P (Veer Wajekar Arts, Science and Commerce College, Mahalan Vibhag, Phunde, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, Email: prabhakar_pawar1962@yahoo.co.in) : Diversity of decapod fauna from mangrove ecosystem of uran (Raigad), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, West Coast of India. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(1), 87-90.

Healthy mangrove forests provide a critical habitat for many species of decapods in intertidal and estuarine areas and are to a healthy marine ecology. Mangroves are the most suitable feeding, breeding and nursing grounds for the decapods. With ling degradation and destruction of mangroves, there is a critical need to understand the biodiversity of the mangrove s. Data on species diversity of decapods in mangrove ecosystem of Uran revealed presence of 26 species representing 18 genera and 12 families of the recorded species, 50.00 % belonged to crabs, 42.31 % to Prawns and shrimps and 3.85 % each to lobsters and squilla. .Fiddler crab (Uca annuli pes) and hermit crab (Pagurus prideaux) are abundant at both sites. Species like Scylla serrata and Leptodius exaratus were common whereas occasional distribution of Portunus sanguinolentus, P. pelagicus, Charybdis was noted. Penaeus monodon, P. semisculatus, Metapenaeus ajjinis and Acetes indicus were common whereas Panulirus polyphagus and Squilla mantis were rare at both sites. At present, mangroves of Uran supports moderate density of decapods. Since no earlier reports are available, data presented here can be taken as a baseline data in knowing the status of decapods in mangroves of Uran.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

023420   Pandey G;Sharma M;Mandloi A K (Animal Husbandry Dep, Govt, of Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur Div, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drgovindpandey@rediffmail.com) : Medicinal plants useful in fish diseases. Pl Archs 2012, 12(1), 1-4.

In fish, the parasitic outbreak acts as an important limiting factor for aquaculture. The heavy infection of Trichodina parasites has caused gigantic financial losses. Diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila bacterium are some of the most widespread in freshwater fish culture. Nowadays, a large portion of the world population, especially in developing countries depends on the traditional system of medicine for a variety of diseases. The medicinal plants (herbal drugs) can be used not only against diseases but even more so, as growth promoters, stress resistance boosters and preventatives of infections. Additionally, phytomedicines provide a cheaper source for treatment and greater accuracy than chemotherapeutic agents without causing toxicity. The phytochemicals, e.g., tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids present in medicinal plants may have antimicrobial activity. The herbs can also act as immunostimulants, conferring the non-specific defense mechanisms of fish and elevating the specific immune response. In the present article, some herbs acting against fish diseases, especially parasites, bacteria and immuno-suppression have been discussed.

17 ref

023419   Pande S;Mestri P;Deshpande P;Warange A; Mahabal A (NO, , Ela Foundation, C-9, Bhosale Park, Sahakarnagar-2, Pune, Maharashtra-411 009, Email: pande.satish@gmail.com) : Promising trend of in situ breeding of oriental white-rumped vulture Gyps bengalensis in Raigad district, Maharashtra, India: conservation implications for re-introduction of ex situ populations. J Threatened Taxa 2013, 5(7), 4106-9.

Population of Gyps vultures crashed at an alarming rate in India, from 85% since 1985-86 to 0% in 1997-99. There are sporadic records of sightings, wild breeding and captive breeding of Gyps and Neophron Vultures from 2005 to 2010 from various parts of India. Also noticed continued, uninterrupted successful nesting of Oriental White-rumped Vultures Gyps bengolensis in their natural habitats in Raigad District, Maharashtra from 2004 to 2011. Their breeding population steadily increased from 10 pairs in 2004-2005 to 22 pairs in 2010-2011 and the nesting success steadily increased from 30% in 2004-2005 to 70% in 2010-2011. And feel that the naturally breeding populations are a must for successful re-introduction of the juvenile captive-bred vultures in the wild, and both in situ and ex situ breeding of vultures should be coordinated till the vulture population increases to an acceptable level and stabilizes in the Indian subcontinent. Identification of natural active nest sites is the foremost requirement for safeguarding the breeding of the Oriental White-rumped Vultures in private land by winning peoples' participation.

2 tables, 24 ref

023418   Padate V P;Rivonker C U;Anil A C (Marine Sciences Dep, Goa Univ, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, Email: curivonker@gmail.com) : New record of Scylla ovacea (Dcapoda, Bachyura, Prtunidae) from Goa, Central West Coast of India- a comparative diagnosis. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(1), 82-9.

Taxonomic studies on mud crabs (Scylla) reveal considerable ambiguity in species identification owing to overlap of morphological characters. Present study consists a new record of 5. olivacea along with a comparative diagnosis with S. serrata from the region. Further, minor phenotypic variations in the present 5. olivacea specimens could be attributed to geographical isolation from existing populations.

7 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

023417   Naro T;Sondhi S (NO, , North East Network, P.O. Chizami, Phek District, Nagaland-797 102, Email: tshetsholo@gmail.com) : Sightings of bath white Pontia daplidice moorei Rober, 1907 (Lepidoptera:Pieridae:Pierinae:Pierini) from Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, India. J Threatened Taxa 2013, 5(7), 4122-24.

25 ref

023416   Narendran T C;Aliramah H;Ahmad Z (Zoology Dep, Calicut Univ, Kerala-673 635) : Meruacesa Kocak and Kemal (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) with description of a new species from Saudi Arabia. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 27-33.

Genus Meruacesa Kocak and Kemal is redefined and reviewed in a preliminary frame work. A new species of this genus from Saudi Arabia is described. A key to species is provided. Diagnosis of all known species of Meruacesa is given with data on distribution and hosts.

^iia4 illus, 9 ref

023415   Narayana S;Mohanraju R (Ocean Studies and Marine Biology Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Brookshabad Campus, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands-744 112, Email: sumantha.narayana@gmail.com) : New record of a headshield slug Phanerophthalmus smaragdinus (gastropoda: opisthobranchia) from Andaman islands, India. J Threatened Taxa 2013, 5(7), 4113-14.

1 illus, 16 ref

023414   Nageswara Rao A;Sravanthy C;Sammaiah C (Environmental Biology Lab. Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: drapkanagesh@gmail.com) : Foraging activity and percentage of damage caused by subterranean termites in Dummugudem forest region Khammam district. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(2), 73-86.

Microtemes and Coptotermes were two major termite species which were observed foraging during the experimental months from June 2008 to May 2010. The maximum population of both species was recorded in December. The minimum population was observed in June and July for Odontotermes and Macrotermes. The result stated that the total population of both species was associated with the relative humidity and the soil temperature, atmospheric temperature.

15 ref

023413   Mirza N H;Alexandra Jack R L;Hasnain S;Khan K (Biological Sciences Dep, Karakoram International Univ, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan) : Preliminary findings of DNA testing and GPS positioning of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) genetic material in the Khunjerab National Park (KNP), Northern areas, Pakistan. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(2), 105-14.

The Snow Leopard is a rare and elusive animal, consequently the number and distribution of individuals in a set area cannot be reliably determined by sighting or invasive sampling methods. Non-invasive sampling has been used by other researchers to estimate the population density of several different carnivore species. The main aim of this study was to trial a method of noninvasive DNA sampling that would enable investigators to identify and locate individual animals of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Khunjerab National Park, and to generate a GPS based map showing the location of samples. Of overall 28 samples that were processed for PCR only 24 could be amplified using species- specific DNA markers. The PCR success rate was 85.71%. Of, these 24 amplified samples, we obtained 2 different banding patterns, which indicate their origin from two different individuals. Sample locations were determined; by GPS positioning, and recorded on existing maps of the valley. The study showed that at least one individual was present in the surveyed area and preliminary findings indicate that there may be two individuals in Karchnai. For future surveys the difficulties experienced in the storage transportation and handling of the samples, will be addressed to gain high quality results. We suggest that further studies could be undertaken to determine the suitable time period to carry out field surveys.

2 illus, 31 ref

023412   Minoo Kumari;Sadhu D N (Zoology Dep, Chas Mahila College, Bokaro, Jharkhand, Email: kumariminoo77@gmail.com) : Impact of profenofos on haematology of Channa striatus. Natn J Life Sci 2012, 9(2), 188-90.

The present experimental endeavour was to evaluate stress symptoms on exposure of sub-lethal concentration of 16.5 ppm of Profenofos (insecticide) (an organophosphate composition of (0-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)0-ethyl s-propyl phosphorothioate) in blood of Channa striatus for a long term duration. The effect of chemical on various blood parameter were observed for different time period. The effect of 4 to 24 days Profenofos showed a significant decrease in the haemoglobin Hb% count from 9.2 to 5.5%, R.B.C. count 2.80 to 1.15 (10⁶/mm³), WBC Count decreased from 6700 to 2800 (10³/mm³) Lymphocytes from 90% to 50%, Heterophills 6.1% to 26%, Monocytes decreases from 3 to 1.1%, Eosinophills increased from 0.9 to 3.5%, Packed cell volume (%) increased from 27.6% to 16.5% after 24 days Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased from 98.571 to 143.487(cμ). Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) increased from 32.85 to 47.82 ((μμg). Necessary preventive are suggested to save the aquatic biota in general and fish wealth particular.

2 tables, 14 ref

023411   Mandal B;Mukherjee A;Banerjee S (Zoology Dep, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, 30 Prince Anwar Shah Road, Kolkata-700 033, Email: bananimandal50@gmail.com) : Icthyofaunal diversity in the water bodies of Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 63-71.

Freshwater fish distribution and diversity status of Murshidabad district, West Bengal was studied from January, 2010 to December, 2010. We documented 66 fish species under 49 genera, 29 families and 8 orders during the study period from different perennial ponds, beels and rivers which are geographically located within or flow through the Murshidabad district. This district being a transitional zone between the North Bengal and south Bengal region, the study would help in the preparation of district-wise and zone-wise database of icthyofauna at the state level and in the implementation of conservation practices through the Government and various Non-Government Organizations.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

023410   Kulkarni A S;Subramanian K A (NO, Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune-411 004, Email: aboli.kulkarni5@gmail.com) : Habitat and seasonal distribution of Odonata (insecta) of Mula and Mutha river basins, Maharashtra, India. J Threatened Taxa 2013, 5(7), 4048-95.

Catchment landscape degradation and habitat modifications of freshwater ecosystems are a primary cause of biodiversity loss in riverine ecosystems all over the world. Many elements of the flora and fauna of freshwater ecosystems are sensitive to the changes in catchment land use and habitat modification. These sensitive taxa are also reliable indicators of freshwater ecosystem health. In the current study we investigate the seasonal and habitat distribution of Odonata (Insecta) across riparian land use types in Mula and Mutha river basins, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra. There was a difference in the species composition across land use types and across seasons with highest diversity and abundance during the post monsoon period. The highest Odonata diversity was observed in urban areas followed by forest and agriculture fields. There was a loss of 31% of the odonate fauna in the study area over 50 years which could be due to rapid industrialization and urbanization of the region and consequent degradation of freshwater ecosystems. The significance of catchment land use on Odonata diversity and its value in landscape monitoring is discussed.

5 tables, 23 ref

023409   Kharwar A S S;Magdum S;Gupta S S;Patil R (Zoology Dep, RNC Arts, J.D.B. Commerce and N.S.C. Science College, Nasik, Maharashtra, Email: adushree@gmail.com) : Effect of preservation processes on DNA content in Eurema hecabe (Lepidoptera:Pieridae). Natn J Life Sci 2012, 9(2), 147-8.

Molecular phylogeny has become an important tool for all taxonomists. Understanding genetic correlation behind great diversity is the main purpose of molecular phylogeny. Butterflies show a great diversity and this diversity is on account of the variety seen in their wing pattern which can be strongly correlated with the genetic constitution. As a result, importance of DNA studies is increasing by each day. The classical and most widely used method of butterfly preservation is by oven drying. Present study reports the extent up to which DNA is damaged during dry preservation method. On the other hand, preservation using absolute alcohol gives best results. The results indicated that the heating at high temperature range during dry preservation process causes DNA damage while preserving the tissue in alcohol removes the DNases which can damage or degrade the DNA. Therefore, suggesting that, alcohol preservation method is most appropriate method for preserving DNA.

1 illus, 12 ref

023408   Kailash Chandra;Kushwaha S;Biswas B (NO, Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, Email: kailash611@rediffmail.com) : Additional records of hemiptera (insecta) from Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Natn J Life Sci 2012, 9(2), 159-61.

The paper presents an additional record of 18 species of Hemipteran insects belonging to 16 genera under 7 families from Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, thus enhancing the species count to 53 species from Jabalpur.

1 table, 7 ref

023407   Joshi S (Zoology Dep, St. Xaviers College, Mumbai-400 001, Email: shantanuvanellus@gmail.com) : Response to "Talmale, S.S. & A.D. tiple (2013). new records of damselfly Lestes thoracicus Laidlaw, 1920 (odonata:;zygoptera:lestidae) from Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states, Central India" with a note on identification of Lestes concinnus Hagen in selys, 1862 and L. umbrinus (selys, 1891). J Threatened Taxa 2013, 5(7), 4125-6.

9 ref

023406   Ingobi Singh M;Gupta A;Varatharajan R (Centre for Advanced Study in Life Sciences, Manipur Univ, Imphal-795 003, Email: rvrajanramya@gmail.com) : Butterfly fauna of the Keibul Lamjao National Park, Manipur, Northeast India. Curr Sci 2011, 101(6), 719-21.

^ssc1 illus, 14 ref

023405   Hundet A;Prabhat B K;Singh R (Zoology Dep, K.G. Arts and Science College, Raigarh, Chattisgarh, Email: hundet.ajit@gmail.com) : Histopathological effects of endosulfan on stomach of teleost fish Cyprinus carpio Communis. Natn J Life Sci 2012, 9(2), 154-6.

The histopathological effects of 0.0015 and 0.002 ppm endosulfan intoxication exposed for 10/20 days was studied in different layers of common carp Cyprinus carpio communis. It was found that in anterior stomach (0.0015 ppm intoxication) mucous cells reduced in number, association between serosa and longitudinal muscle lost while posterior stomach showed necrosis, disarrangement of gastric glands and bulging in longitudinal muscles. In 0.002 ppm intoxication, the mucosal fold of anterior stomach fused at their tips, columnar epithelium lost cellular arrangement with the appearance of small spaces, serosa became detached and broken while in posterior stomach mucosal folds fused with each other due to proliferation in columnar epithelium. Mucous cells increased in number and became prominent at some places. Our results clearly indicated that abnormality in the stomach increases with the increase in concentration and duration of endosulfan in common carp Cyprinus carpio communis.

6 illus, 8 ref

023404   Harinath P;Prasanna Kumar V;Venkata Ramana S P (Zoology Dep, Yogi Vemana Univ, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, Email: spvramana.butterfly@gmail.com) : Ecobiology of the common banded awl Hasora chromus (cramer)(Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera:Satyridae) from Southern Andhra Pradesh. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(1), 37-42.

The Common Banded Awl, Hasora chromus is univalent and seasonal and endangered in Southern Andhra Pradesh. It was on wing from April to Nov and breeds almost with high frequency during the periods of monsoon and post monsoon seasons. The development from egg to adult was 18 - 24 days. There was no dormant stage in the life history. Success development of egg, larvae and pupae was 50 - 90%, 50 - 80% and 50 - 80% during the said period. Short life cycle and high success development of life stages suggest the production of 8 - 9 broods in the season. Nutritional indices growth rate (GR), consumption index (CI) and approximate digestibility(AD) decreased as the larvae aged, while those, of efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) were increased.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

023403   Hari P;Neeraja P (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupathi-517 502, Email: haridr56@yahoo.com) : Ambient ammonia stress on certain detoxifying enzymes in brain tissue of fish, Cyprinus carpio. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(1), 21-6.

Presently, aquatic pollution by ammonium compounds, due to their large scale production and the indiscriminate usage for the agriculture and aquaculture forms, has earned an important place among the environmental pollutants. Industrial effluents, bio degradation of waste products and food remains also contribute for the formation of considerable quantity of ammonia in the environment. Ammonia is toxic to living animals and produces several biochemical and physiological changes at cellular level when present in higher concentration. In view of these some of the important physiological and biochemical events occurring under ammonia in the fish animal were taken for the study. Fish Cyprinus carpio is taken for the present study. Animal weighting 120±10 g and 17±2 cm length are exposed to 4 ppm of ammonia solution for 7days. In order to understand the effect of chronic ammonia stress on the detoxification aspect of the brain tissue, activity levels of arginase, Glutathione peraxidase (GPx), Glutathione-s-Transferase(GST),Glutamine Synthetase(GSH), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH),Xanthine Oxidase (XOD),Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase(SOD) enzyme levels were estimated in the brain tissue of the animal, increased activity levels in Arginase, GPx, GST,GSH, GDH, XOD, CAT and SOD enzyme levels was observed on prolonged ammonia exposure.

1 table, 25 ref

023402   Gururaja K V;Preeti G;Patil R K;Cunningham A A (NO, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: gururaj@cistup.iisc.ernet.in) : Dermal fungal infection in a frog from the Western Ghats, India. Curr Sci 2011, 101(5), 622-3.

2 illus, 11 ref

023401   Gokul A;Venkataraman K (NO, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, Email: arunachalamgokul@gmail.com) : Spatial preference of coral associated Brachyuran crabs in Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 57-62.

Brachyuran crabs associated with the head forming coral Pocillopora spp were accessed for their spatial preference in the islands of Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GoMMBR). The inter-branch volume of the corals is positively correlated with the number of associated crabs. The maximum average volume of the coral was observed at Appa Island (516 ml). Comparatively more species diversity and abundance of brachyuran were observed in Mandapam group of islands where maximum number of Pocillopora spp (19 no) was examined for the occurrence of these crabs. Very less coral colonies along with meager cryptofaunal associates were observed in Tuticorin group of islands. This probably indicates the deteriorating status of the coral health. Various natural as well as human disturbances enhanced the decrease in coral cover along with its crab associates.

2 tables, 28 ref

023400   Girish Kumar P (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal-700 053, Email: kpgiris@gmail.com) : On Delta dimidiatipenne (de saussure, 1852) (Hymenoptera:Vespidae:Eumeninae) from India. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 43-9.

Potter wasp species Delta dimidiatipenne (de Saussure, 1852) is redescribed here with detailed synonymical references and new distributional records.

2 illus, 30 ref

023399   Dev Roy M K;Mitra S;Gokul A (Crustacea Section, Zoological Survey of India, 27, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : On a new host record of Neocila poruvae (Crustacea:Isopoda:Cymothoidae) from West Bengal. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 105-7.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

023398   Dev Roy M K;Mitra S (NO, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) : Red piranha Pygocentrus nattereri (Characiformes:Charadidae): an invasive fish species in freshwater ecosystems of eastern states of India. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 99-100.

^ssc3 illus, 4 ref

023397   Dev Roy M K;Mitra S (Crustacea Section, Zoological Survey of India, 27, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : On new records of freshwater crabs (crustacea: decapoda:brachyura) from Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalayas. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 93-5.

^ssc9 ref

023396   Dev Roy M K;Gokul A (Crustacea Section, Zoological Survey of India, 27, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : Checklist of Indian stomatopods (crustacea: stomatopoda). J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 87-92.

Checklist of 79 species of Indian stomatopods is provided along with changes in scientific names.

32 ref

023395   Dev Roy M K (Crustacea Section, Zoological Survey of India, 27 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : Preliminary report on brachyuran crabs (crustacea: decapoda: brachyura) from mangroves of Odisha. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 97-8.

^ssc1 table, 2 ref

023394   Chutia B C;Kakati L N (Zoology Dep, Nagaland Univ, Lumami, Nagaland-798 627) : Biology and rearing performance of Antheraea roylei moore (lepidoptera:saturnii8dae), a wild silk moth in Nagaland, India. Bull Indian Acad Seric 2011, 15(1), 63-72.

Antheraea roylei Moore is polyphagous in nature feeding on two host plants namely, Terminalia myriocarpa and Betula alnoides and undergoes four months pupal hibernation under climatic condition of Nagaland. Detail rearing of this bi-voltine species on Terminalia myriocarpa exhibits significant seasonal influence on life cycle recording 46.6±1.06 and 65.5±1.19 days during summer (June-July) and autumn October-December) season respectively. Each larval instar of A. roylei has distinct body color and tubercular arrangement. The first instar larva is 0.94±0.17 cm, 0.17±0.03 cm and 0.03±0.01 gm in length, breadth and weight and the fifth instar larva is about 9.66±0.85 cm, 1.58±0.09 cm and 19.21 ± 1.81 gin in length, breadth and weight respectively. The maximum fecundity (nos.), hatching percentage, effective rate of rearing (%) and cocoons: dfl ratio is recorded as 282.40±112.03, 78.35±2.03, 57.86±1.44 and 128.60± 8.38 respectively during autumn season. Maximum shell weight is recorded during autumn season as 0.68 ± 0.02 and 0.74 ± 0.02 in male and female respectively. The maximum filament length of creamy white to light brown yarn is 326.25 ± 34.95 meters having 5 denier approximately and ascertains 30.76 to 33.96% of raw silk recovery of cocoon.

7 tables, 16 ref

023393   Chitra J;Ramanibai R (Protoology Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata-700 053, Email: chitrajayapalan@gmail.com) : Status on distribution of Rotifers in Muttukadu backwater, Bay of Bengal. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 51-6.

The present paper is prepared from the data collected during different seasons from February 2004 to May 2006. An attempt is made to enumerate the rotifer diversity of Muttukadu Backwaters located at 36 km away from Chennai city. Plankton samples were collected from the four sampling sites and the distribution of rotifers was noted. And examined the structure of rotifera in terms of occurrence and abundance at each locations to note the difference. Totally 19 genera and 34 species of rotifera belonging to three major orders Ploimida, Gnesiotrocha and Bdelloidea represented from 11 different families along with the rotifer eggs were recorded from the study area. The total mean abundance of different families was compared among the four locations showed the higher abundance during pre-monsoon season. The fluctuations in abundance of rotifera during the study period were noticed.

1 table, 14 ref

023392   Chennaiah K;Sivasankar R;Subahan M;Khalindar Basha K;Sugunakar Y J;Sathyavelu Reddy K (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Interaction of alcohol and exercise on energy metabolic enzymes in the skeletal muscle fibers of male albino rat. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(1), 43-50.

Alcohol consumption and exercise training alters the ATPases and creatine phosphokinase activity in the gastro'cnemius and soleus muscles. Alcohol induced oxidative stress is linked to the metabolism of ethanol. Male wistar strain albino rats (3 months as a 'young'. 18 months as a 'old') were divided into four groups, Group I sedentary control(SC); Group II, exercise (ExT) (30 min, speed of 23 m/min/day/5 days in a week for a period of 8 weeks); Group III, ethanol treated (Et)(20%, absolute ethanol, 2 gm/kg body weight); Group IV. ethanol treated + exercised (ExT+Et) as mentioned above. Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, ATPases and Creatine phosphokinase enzyme were assayed in gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (SOL) muscle fibres. In the present study all ATPase activities were increased in the exercised rats, and decreased in the ethanol treated rats. Whereas, in exercised + ethanol treated rats 35% increase was observed. From this study it is clear that exercise training reduces the toxic effect of ethanol, and increases the ATPase turnover in the muscle tissues. The CPK activity was increased in exercised rats in both skeletal muscle fibers and the same was decreased in ethanol and combination treatment. The study suggests exercise training may be beneficial to young and old age subjects ethanol due to intoxication.

3 tables, 37 ref

023391   Chennaiah K;Khalindar Basha K;Sivasankar R; Subahan M;Sugunakar Y J;Sathyavelu Reddy K (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, Email: chennaiahk@gmail.com) : Effect of exercise on lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscle fibers of male albino rat with reference to aging. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(1), 1-14.

Exercise is one of the active fielder in the research work. Wistar strain male albino rats of two age groups 3 months (young) and 18 months (old) were divided into 2 groups, Group I sedentary control(SC); Group II, exercise trained (ExT), (30 min, at a speed of 23 m/min/day/5 days/week for a period of 8 weeks). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours of the last exercise training by cervical dislocation and the skeletal muscle fibers such as gastrocnemius (GN), soleus (SOL) and white vastus(WV), were isolated from the hind limbs of rats and selected lipid metabolites such as Totalcholesterol(TC) levels, Triglycerides(TG) levels, Phospholipids and lipid per oxidation were studied. In the present study the total cholesterol levels are increased with aging, but reduction was observed in the ExT muscles., In response to exercise, all three muscles two age groups showed a significant decrease in their triglyceride content. The phospholipids increase in ExT muscles, but decrease was observed with aging, lipidperoxidation was increased in ExT muscles, decrease was observed with aging.

4 tables, 70 ref

023390   Chandramouli Reddy P;Barve A;Ghaskadbi S (Animal Sciences Div, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411 004, Email: ghaskadbi@gmail.com) : Description and phylogenetic characterization of common hydra from India. Curr Sci 2011, 101(6), 736-8.

^ssc2 illus, 22 ref

023389   Bhure D B;Nanware S S (Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra, Email: drajbhure82@rediffmail.com) : Biochemical content in Piscian tapeworm Gangesia. Natn J Life Sci 2012, 9(2), 169-71.

Present communication deals with some biochemical parameters i.e. glycogen, proteins and lipids were estimated in normal, infected intestinal tissue and in their relevant parasite Gangesia straitii. The non-infected intestine contains more glycogen, protein and lipids as compared to infected intestine, whereas low biochemical content was found in worm Gangesia. The intestinal parasites Gangesia straitii were capable of extracting nutritious materials from their host and thus represented a high level in glycogen, protein and lipid.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

023388   Bhatnagar P S (NO, Western Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Akurdi, Pune-411 044) : Checklist of asian pantherinae (Mammalia:Carnivora:Felidae:Pantherinae). J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 104.

^ssc1 table, 4 ref

023387   Bhatnagar P S (Western Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Akurdi, Pune-411 044) : Classified list of feline carnivores Hitherto known from Asian region. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 103.

^ssc1 table, 3 ref

023386   Bhatnagar P S (Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Akurdi, Pune-411 044) : Note on marine mammals off the Maharashtra coast. J envir Sociobiol 2012, 9(1), 101-2.

^ssc1 table, 6 ref

023385   Bambroo P (Zoology Dep, Govt College for Women, Gandhinagar Jammu, J&K, Email: prafulitbambroo@gmail.com) : On the diet substitution and adaptation weight in CARP Cyrinus carpio larvae. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(1), 133-6.

Feeding trials were conducted on carp Cyprinus carpio larvae from commencement of exogenous feeding through different ages to study the impact of diet substitution on their growth and survival. Larvae given artificial diet from the day first of exogenous feeding failed to survive beyond the age of 15 days. When tested for a combination of cultured live prey organisms and dry diet in different proportions, most satisfactory results in terms of growth and survival were met with a 1:1 diet formulation. However, best results of percent survival and growth increment were obtained when the larvae were fed live cultured c1adoceran, Ceriodaphia reticulate, from commencement of exogenous feeding. Later the Ceriodaphia fed larvae and post-larvae, weaned on to traditional fish diet of 1:1 rice-bran and mustard oil-cake, revealed that post-larvae of 15 mg wt. and a length of 12mm or above exhibited an improved ability to utilize and survive on the traditional artificial dry diet.

2 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

023384   Babu M J;Ankolekar S M;Rajashekhar K P (Applied Zoology Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore-574 199, Email: patilsirmu@gmail.com) : Castes of the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) differ in the organization of sensilla on their antennae and mouthparts. Curr Sci 2011, 101(6), 755-64.

Caste-specific behaviours among social insects are known to be largely influenced by olfactory cues. The present study addresses the question whether individual castes (queen, major and minor) of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) differ in the organization of the chemosensory structures on the antenna, maxillary and labial palps. The sensory structures were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the sensilla numbers differ among the three castes, whereas all the three castes possess similar types of chemosensilla. This variation may be a factor underlying the differential chemosensory ability of castes. As the number of sensilla differs among castes, it is likely that a differential development of castes in terms of the number of primary mother cells, which are precursors of chemosensory structures, causes the variation of sensilla numbers. This mechanism appears to be a common principle in the caste-specific sensory system development as the visual system of honey bee has also been shown to follow such a mechanism.

8 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

023383   Azami H K;Sinha G (Zoology Dep, Shibli National, P G College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh) : The role of invertibrates as traditional drugs prevalent among the tribals of Odisha-Part-1. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(1), 137-40.

Deals with the medicinal usage zoological origin as used by the tribals of Orissa state. They use invertebrate/parts incurringe dreaded diseases prevalent among the tribal community. The survey covers the districts namely-Dhenkanal, Kendujhar, Samabalpur, Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj or Orissa. The study reveals the use of 13 invertebrates in the treatment of human ailments.

1 table, 10 ref

023382   Ankola K;Krishna K;Swamy P;Puttaraju H P (Biological Sciences Div, School of Natural Science, Bangalore Univ, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Email: kunalankola05@gmail.com) : Molecular diagnosis of male-killing Spiroplasma infection in some species of butterflies in India. Natn J Life Sci 2012, 9(2), 179-82.

Reproductive anomalies which diminish males and increase the females in a given populations of certain insect species are predominantly caused by some endosymbiotic microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, Spiroplasma is the one which is exclusively cause male-killing in their insect host. The present paper provides the information about the infection status of male-killing Spiroplasma in some species of butterflies in India. Out of seven species of butterflies belonging to three different families used for the study, two i.e. Euploea core and D.genutia are found to be infected with Spiroplasma. Both these butterflies lays individual eggs on their host plants and hence the basic strategy of the male-killing phenotype caused by Spiroplasma i.e. sibling cannibalism is questionable in these two species. The detection of male-killing Spiroplasma in Euploea core and D.genutia is a novel finding to our knowledge.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

023381   Amini Z;Pazooki J;Abtahi B;Shokri M R (Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti Univ, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, IR Iran, Email: pazooki2010@gmail.com) : Bioaccumulation of Zn and Cu in Chasar bathybius (gobiidae) tissue and its nematode parasite Dichelyne minutus, southeast of the Caspian sea, Iran. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(2), 196-200.

Bioaccumulations of Zn and Cu in liver and intestinal tissue of the fish Chasar bathybius (Gobiidae) and its nematode parasite Dichelyne minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) were studied and compared. Concentrations of Zn and Cu were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma: (ICP-OES). Concentrations of Zn and Cu in Dichelyne minutus were markedly higher than in the liver and intestinal tissues of the specimens. Zn concentration in the fish liver increased with an increased density of the parasite. Bioconcentration Factor for intestinal tissue (BF=C parasite/C host intestine) reached to 42-194 for Cu and 25-65 for Zn. BF in the liver tissue ranged from 19 to 88 for Cu and 48 to 96 for Zn. Nematode parasites may have a beneficial influence on the health of the host fish and enable the survival of their hosts from heavy metal absorption.

2 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

023380   Ali N;Ahmed K;Jack R L A;Hasnain S;Khan K (Biological Sciences Dep, Karakoram International Univ, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Email: nilofar.pu.edu@gmail.com) : Preliminary findings of individual identification of snowleopard (Panthera uncia), by faecal genotyping, in soqterabad nullah (valley), Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2012, 31(1), 27-35.

Non-invasive sampling has been used by the researchers to estimate the population density of several different carnivore species. This study was conducted to determine whether, non-invasive genetic analysis could be used to. estimate the wild population of snowleopard in Soqterabad nullah. Of overall 20 randomly selected, best samples, only 8 could be amplified using species-specific DNA-markers. PCR success rate was 40%. Three different banding-patterns were obtained, which indicate their origin from three different individuals. The study showed that at least one individual was present in the surveyed area, and preliminary findings indicate that there may be three in Soqterabad, within an area of 20km.

4 illus, 25 ref

023379   Aarif K M;Prasadan P K;Babu S (Zoology Dep, Kannur Univ, Mananthavady Campus, Edavaka P.O., Wayanad-670 645, Email: shorebirdspecialist@gmail.com) : Conservation significance of the Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu community reserve. Curr Sci 2011, 101(6), 717-18.

^ssc1 illus, 6 ref