001411   Pal A;Holkar S (Zoology Dep, Holkar Science College, Indore-452 001) : Extraction and quantitative estimation of nucleic acids and proteins from liver tissue of Clarias batrachus (fish), Gallus domesticus and Rattus rattus. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2013, 14(2), 43-7.

DNA, RNA and protein's were isolated and quantitatively estimated from Clarias batrachus (fish), Gallus domesticus (fowl). Rattus rattus (rat). Results show high DNA content in Rattus rattus 0.27%, but RNA and protein content were high in Clarias batrachus. In Clarias DNA content was 0.21%, RNA 1.66% and protein's 6.8% mg. Graph shows high content of proteins than DNA and RNA in all animals.

4 tables, 18 ref

001410   Najar I A;Khan A B (Ecology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Pondicherry Central Univ, Pondicherry-605 014, Email: anisabasheer@gmail.com) : New record of an earthworm Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny, 1826) from Srinagar, Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir), India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2011, 17(3), 511-3.

Recent explorations in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, critical examination of the collected specimens and other references have resulted in a species, Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny, 1826) which forms the first time record from the area and is an addition to the checklist of earthworms from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.

ref

001409   Mitbavkar S;Rajaneesh K M;Sathish Kumar P (NO, National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR), Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, Email: mitbavkars@nio.org) : Flow cytometric detection of viruses in the Zuari estuary, Goa. Curr Sci 2011, 101(10), 1282-3.

2 illus, 15 ref

001408   Manimegalai K (Zoology Dep, Avinashilingam Institutev for Home Science and Higher Education for Wo, Coimbatore-641 043, Email: manijeysu@gmail.com) : Histological effects of selected plant extracts on ovary development of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(2), 147-52.

Petroleum ether extract of leaf and seed of Annona squamosa (40 ppm) and leaf and seed extract of Thevetia neriifolia (200 ppm) treated larvae were reared to adult stage and used in the histological studies as the petroleum ether extracts of these plants were found to be effective compared to chloroform and ethanol extracts. In petroleum ether extract of A. squamosa and T.neriifolia leaf treatment, the follicular epithelium showed disruption and pycnosis of the nucleus and yolk granules receded away from the follicular epithelium. Extensive vacuolation in the ooplasm and loss of compactness and disintegration of yolk granules were observed.

1 illus, 22 ref

001407   Manimegalai K (Zoology Dep, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Wom, Coimbatore-641 043, Email: manijeysu@gmail.com) : Larvicidal activity of Annona squamosa leaf and seed extract against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 23-8.

Petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts of the leaf and seed of Annona squamosa were evaluated for larvicidal activity against laboratory reared fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, a vector of the Bancroftian filariasis and urban nuisance mosquito. The larval mortality was observed after 24 hr exposure. The extract was found to suppress the population of the vector at higher dosage, while the lower dosages found to induce several developmental defects.

2 tables, 19 ref

001406   Lyngdoh S;Selvan K M;Gopi G V;Habib B (Endangered Species Management Dep, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun-248 001, Email: gopigr@wii.gov.in) : First photographic evidences of two rare cats from Pakke Tiger Reserve, Western Arunachal Pradesh. Curr Sci 2011, 101(10), 1284-6.

2 illus, 30 ref

001405   Krishnamoorthy G;Rajalakshmi S;Anandavalli M (Zoology Dep, School of Environmental Studies, K.M. Centre for PG Studies, Puducherry-605 008, Email: srajalakkshmii@gmail.com) : Estuarine copepod diversity in Malattar, Puducherry. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 111-5.

Species composition and monthly abundance of copepods were studied in Malattar estuary from September 2006 to August 2007. A total of 13 taxa of copepods belonging to three groups were recorded. Among copepods, Cyclopoida constituted maximum abundance followed, by Calanoida and Harpacticoida. The maximum abundance was noticed in summer and minimum during monsoon seasons.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

001404   Jeyalakshmi T;Saravanan M;Murthy P B (Entomology Dep, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology, Padappi, Kancheepuram District-601 301, Email: director@iibat.com) : Mating behaviour of Aedes aegypti in semi field conditions. Pestology 2012, 36(2), 12-16.

Mating experiment was conducted in a chamber of dimension about 5.8m³ to know the peak mating period of this anthropophilic, peridomestic, Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The experiments were carried out with the laboratory reared Aedes aegypti at different time frames. Initially mating experiment was carried out for 4 hours exposure during in morning (08.00-12.00 hours) and evening (13.00-17.00 hours). Later, the timeframe was narrowed to 1-hour period. As the mating percentage was high between 11.00 and 14.00 hours, the same was confirmed by narrowing the exposure period further to 30 minutes. Approximately similar-sized sex starved males and females were chosen for the experiment. The mosquitoes at the rate of 2:1 male and females respectively were released in the closed chamber. After the exposure, all the mosquitoes were collected and the female mosquitoes were observed under microscope for the insemination status based on the spermathecal filling. The result revealed that the mating success ranged between 14.67% (15.00 - 16.00 hours) and 42.67% (11.00 - 12.00 hours) for one hour exposure. For 30 minutes exposure, mating success ranged between 52.00% (13.00 -13.30 hours) and 69.33% (12.00 and 12.30 hours). Considering all the exposure periods, the peak mating was observed between 11.00 and 13.00 hours for this day biting mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

2 tables, 14 ref

001403   Jain B K;Kohli S (NO, J.N. Technical Univ, Hyderabad) : Evaluation of antifertility activity of norethisterone egg albumin microspheres in wistar rats. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2013, 14(2), 49-58.

Population explosion is a major problem in some countries particularly, in developing and under developing nations. In spite of availability of so many contraceptive methods, it continues to be a persistent problem. Therefore there is a need for contraceptive dosage from that is readily self-administered, inexpensive, efficient and safe. The present investigation aims to evaluate antifertility activity of Norethisterone egg albumin microspheres prepared by heat denaturation method using glutarldehyde as cross linking agent. The microspheres were administered through the nasal route and compared with standard NE injection via i. m. route. In the undertaken work esterus phase, antiovulatory, antiimplantation and antifertility activity was conducted. The changes in uterus and ovarian weights, cholesterol and glycogen level were also observed. To support our studies, histology of uterus and ovary were performed. The results of the vaginal smear study showed prolongation of prostertus phase from 2.10±0.61 days in control to 6.42±0.15 days in drug treated group and reduction in metasterus phase as compared to control group indicates the nonavailability of estrogen produced by the granulosa cells which is essential for the maturation and differentiation of the ovarian follicles. In the control group, ovarian sections showed in addition to above, graafian follicles, ruptured follicles, and corpus luteum, which indicates that ovulation has taken place and there was no hormonal imbalance. On laparatomy, drug treated group showed significant inhibition of number of implant site from 13 to 28 to control group but less number of live foetuses from 3.25±0.48 to 6.67±0.25 in control group. In drug treated group weight of live foetus decline significantly from 1. 55 ± 0. 20gm to 2. 59 ± 0. 23 gm in control group. The biochemical parameters studies showed significant increase in cholesterol content of the uterus of the drug treated group as compared to control group evidenced the antifertility effect of norethisterone egg albumin microspheres. This result was further supported by the histological studies.

3 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

001402   Harit D N (Zoology Dep, Government Champhai College, Champhai, Mizoram-796 321, Email: dnharit@yahoo.co.in) : Tiger beetles associated with agriculture in Mizoram, Northeast India. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2012, 20(2), 344-7.

Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera : Cicindelidae) are fascinating, colourful insects with shining of various shades, carnivorous in habits, differentiated from other beetles in having prominent eyes on head and eyes are larger than pronotum. Mandibles are large and sickle shaped. This paper highlights, first ever studies on tiger beetles recorded, total 8 species of three sub families namely Collyrinae include one species, sub family Theratinae include one species, sub family Cicindelinae include 6 species, based on systematic studies conducted for a period of 12 months, from June 2009 to May 2010, found associated with agricultural fields, including vegetable and paddy fields at Champhai District of Mizoram.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

001401   Ghosal T K;Ghosh J;Senapati S K (Aricultural Entomology Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari-736 165, Email: drtkghosal@gmail.com) : Biology and parasitization of Dinarmus vagabundus (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 43-6.

Potentiatiality of using Dinar/mis vagabundus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) as biological control agents have been explored in laboratory studies. Its biology has been studied during summer and winter seasons. Fecundity and percentage of parasitization were always higher in summer. It has also been observed that the parasitization percentage showed significant variation on different species of stored legume seeds infested by Callosobruchus chinensis. It was maximum on cow pea (27.01% parasitization) during summer followed by green gram, red gram and chick pea. The parasitization potentiality of D. vagabundus did not correspond to the high rate of reproduction but the capacity to penetrate the stored seeds and kill/paralyze the larva/pupa of C.chinensis.

2 tables, 4 ref

001400   Gejage M R;Bodare R D (PG Zoology Dep, Vishwasrao Naik Arts Commerce and Baba Naik Science Mahavidhyalya, Shirala-415 408, Email: ramesh.gejage@yahoo.com) : Alterations in triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity during larval development of Papilio demoleus (L.). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(2), 193-9.

The lemon butterfly, Papilio demoleus (L.) is very destructive pest of citrus in India. Alterations in triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity during larval development of P. demo/ens (L.) have been studied. The larval triacylglycerol ester hydrolase revealed optimum pH 7.8, incubation time 25 minutes, temperature 37° C, enzyme concentration I % and substrate concentration 5%. The gradual increase in larval triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity was observed from 1-day old larvae to 9-day old larvae and gradual decrease from 9-day old larvae to 14-day old larvae. The maximum triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity was observed in 9- day old larvae. The physiological role of triacylglycerol ester hydrolase during larval development of P. demoleus has been reported in present paper.

1 illus, 58 ref

001399   Gangotri V;Gangotri M (Zoology Dep, Shri Dhokeshwar Mahavidyalaya, Takali Dhokeshwar-44 304, Email: _vgangotri_2009@yahoo.com) : Neuroendocrine control of reproduction in the female freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini (H. Milne Edwards) (Decapoda:Potamidea). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 73-84.

The neuroendocrine control of female reproductive system was studied in the crab, Barytelphysa guerini. Bilateral eyestalk extirpation in the adult animals in the post reproductive season led to an increase in the size of the reproductive system and ovarian weight followed by increase in the diameter of oocytes and acceleration of vitellogenesis. Injection of eyestalk extracts into ablated animals prevents this accelerated growth almost completely, but sinus gland injections' resulted only in partial inhibition. Brain and thoracic ganglionic mass extracts did not prevent this accelerated growth. Injection of eyestalk and sinus gland extracts into normal animals resulted in slight inhibition of the reproductive growth, while the central nervous extracts injections caused a slight but not much significant acceleration of the same. Central nervous extracts from 20 days old eyestalk-ablated animals injected into normal animals caused slightly significant increase in the reproductive growth. The female reproductive system was suggested to be under the dual control of the neuroendocrine principles, a gonad inhibiting factor from the eyestalks and gonad stimulating factor from the central nervous structures. The reproductive activity was suggested to be dependent upon the variations in the relative concentrations of these two antagonistic hormones during the different phases of the reproductive cycle.

5 tables, 40 ref

001398   Galande S M;Ukey N S (NO, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth College of Agriculture, Pune-411 005, Email: sharadgalande.2008@rediffmail.com) : Fruit fly, Bactrocera species composition in Pune region of Maharashtra state. J appl Zool Res 2011, 22(1), 1-4.

Seven species of fruit fly viz., Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera versicolor (Bezzi), and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), Bactrocera tau (Walker) and Bactrocera gavisa (Munro) were recorded in guava orchards at Pune using methyl eugenol and cue lure traps, respectively. The highest population of B. dorsalis (48.04%) was recorded followed by B. zonata (30.27%), B. correcta (14.81%) and B. versicolor (8.87%) in methyl eugenol trap. The maximum population of B. cucurbitae (52.31%) was found as compared to B. tau (29.36%) and B. gavisa (18.32%) in cue lure traps. Fruit fly species viz., B. dorsalis, B. zonata, B. correcta and B. versicolor were recorded from fallen infested and harvested guava fruits. B. dorsalis was the most predominant species recorded in guava fruits followed by B. zonata, B. correcta and B, versicolor.

7 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

001397   Dinesh Kumar (NO, , 2553 Ground Floor, hudson Lane, Kingsway Camp, Delhi-110 009, Email: dineshkumar.gov@gmail.com) : Body chaetotaxy of last instar Caterpillar of Cirphis loreyi Dupt. (lepidoptera:noctuidae). J appl Zool Res 2011, 22(1), 57-66.

Body chaetotaxy of last instar caterpillars of Cirphis loreyi Dupt. has been elaborated to evolve the features of taxonomic importance. The punctures of the setae of SD and L groups on the prothorax, MD group on the meso- and metathorax and the SD₁ and SV groups on abdomen are depicted as diagnostic features in the present study.

8 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

001396   Dhiman S C;Deepak Kumar;Malik V (Entomology Research Laboratory Zoology Dep, M.S. College, Saharanpur-247 001, Email: dhimansc@yahoo.com) : Effect of temperature on the gall formation and on the survivality of adult Pouropsylla tuberculata (homoptera:psyllidae), a gallinaceous insect on Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 35-8.

Temperature is the most important abiotic factor affecting development and reproduction of insects. Pauropsylla tuberculata forms pouch galls on the leaves of Alstonia scholaris. It is observed that increase in temperature has direct influence on population built up of P. tuberculata and gall formation. During field study, it was observed that maximum galls are formed in August to October, when temperature (19°C to 32°C) and relative humidity (55 to 93%) remain suitable for the growth and development of P. tuberculata. Minimum infestation occurs from March to June due to increase in temperature up to 40°C and decrease in relative humidity (13 to 48%). Hence, increase in temperature up to 30°C enhance population built up of P. tuberculata and further increase in temperature up to 40°C decrease reproduction and survivality. These data were confirmed by laboratory experimental observations.

2 tables, 9 ref

001395   Chakraborty K;Chakravarthy A K (Zoology Dep, Alipurduar College, Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri-736 122, Email: jaydebubkv@yahoo.com) : Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis berliner suspension on rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee (pyralidae:lepidoptera) and the predatory coccinellid beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus FAB.. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 1-7.

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) and malathion 50 EC on leaf folder and the predatory coccinellid beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus was assessed in paddy field cultivar on Swarna mashuri during 2005-2008 at Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. Bt and malathion were applied at vegetative and early tillering stage. Control field was treated with the same volume of water. Malathion was found superior in suppressing leaf folder population at first application than the second. Numerically, at post application counting, maximum leaf folder population (122.21 moths/trap and 13.09 larva/4 m²) with lowest grain yield (19.72 q/ha) was noted in control. Least pest incidence (62.87 moths/trap and 1.02 larval individuals/4 m²) with maximum grain yield (34.27 q/ha] was noted when malathion was applied @ 1.0 kg/ha. This result was statistically at par with the application of Bt formulation @ 3.0 kg/ha. Overall impact of malathion on predatory coccinellid population was found detrimental in suppressing the population to an extent of 59.36-83.82% and 54.42-74.22% during first and second phase of applications, respectively. Bt formulation had no significant repression effect on beetle population recording 0.49-3.48% and 0.38-1.86% in the first and second round, respectively. Bt formulation @ 3.0 kg/ha was found economical and environmentally prudent.

2 tables, 16 ref

001394   Bindu L (Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, 130-Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028, Email: bindulajapathi40@gmail.com) : Description of two new species of testacids (Protozoa:Rhizopoda) from Uttar Pradesh, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 141-3.

Two new species of the family Centropyxidae viz. Centropyxis faizabadensis Bindu sp. nov. and cyclopyxis bharateii Bindu sp. nov. are described and their differences with close species of the respective genus are provided.

2 illus, 6 ref

001393   Bhusnar A R;Sathe T V (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: drtvsathe@rediffmail.com) : On a new species of the genus Hieroglyphus krauss (Orthoptera:Acridiidae) from India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 39-42.

New species Hieroglyphic kolhapurensis is reported and described for the first time from India. Female : 48 mm long, tegmina 32 mm long, 6 mm wide; hind wing 34 mm long, 10 mm wide; antenna brownish with yellow bands; ovipositor 9 mm long, upper lamellae 5 mm long and lower lamellae 4 mm long, anal cerci 4 mm long. Male : 41.3 mm long, tegmina 26 mm long, 4 mm wide; hind wing 26.5 mm long; antenna 23 mm long, brownish with yellow bands.

10 ref

001392   Aland S R;Mamlayya A B;Bhawane G P (Zoology Dep, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Sholapur-413 006) : Homopteran fauna of Amba Reserve Forest, Western Ghats, Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(2), 205-9.

An attempt has been made to study Homopteran fauna of Ambaerve Forest which is part of Western Ghats, one of the hottest hotspots of the world. The surveys and collection was done for three years i. e. 2007-2009. In all, 36 species spread over 23 genera and belonging to 11 families were encountered. Family Aleurodidae was ranked first with 8 species. More or less similar trend of number of species was represented by rest 11 families.

1 illus, 35 ref

001391   Ahmad M J;Khursheed I;Azim M N (Entomology Div, SKUAST-K, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar-191 121, Email: ahmad_j@rediffmail.com) : Description of a new species of Systasis Walker (Chalcidoidea:Pteromalidae) from Kashmir, India. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2012, 20(2), 351-3.

Systasis shalimarensis sp.nov. is described and illustrated. A key to Indian species is also provided.

4 illus, 4 ref

000335   Yeragi S G;Yeragi S S (NO, K.J. Somaiya College of Science, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 007, Email: dryeragi@rediffmail.com) : Observation and description of Demania spp. crab from Mithbav creek, South Konkan, Maharashtra, India. Aquacult 2012, 13(1), 79-80.

One species of Xanthidae family is reported for the first time from Mithbav Creek The crab was obtained from a depth of 3-4 m in the cast net in late pre-monsoon period The morphometric features of this crab is given in the text. Mithbav Creek is very much popular for varieties of new decapoda because of its tophographical feature, clean and nutritive characteristic features.

1 illus, 3 ref

000334   Yadav A N K;Yadav S;Singh M K (Entomology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Agra College, Agra-282 002, Email: anandk.yadav@yahoo.co.in) : Impact of climatic variation on the parasitoid-complex of Melanagromyza obtusa (diptera: agromyzidae). J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 161-72.

Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a major pest of pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan causing more than 40 per cent damage to the pods in India. The hymenopteran parasitoid-complex of pod fly is reported to consist of four species in Agra and its nearby districts. Surveys carried out in pigeonpea growing areas showed the presence of only three parasitoids viz., Euderus lividus (Eulophidae), Ormyrus orientalis (Ormyridae) and Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae). On late variety, the larval parasitism of œ. lividus increased from February (9.1 percent) to April (72.7 per cent) while pupal parasitism by O.orientalis ranged from 8.0 to 18.8 percent during these months. On early variety, as high as 92.9, 92.3 and 83.9 per cent larval parasitism was found whereas pupal parasitism was 22.2, 23.8 and 15.8 per cent during October, November and December respectively. The climatic variations affected the distribution, incidence of parasitism and eliminated one parasitoid of this pest.

3 tables, 39 ref

000333   Wani G P;Vibhandik A M (Zoology Post Graduate and Research Dep, B.P. Arts S.M.A. Science and K.K.C. commerce College, Chalisgaon 424117, Dist. Jalgaon, Maharashtra, Email: ajayvibhandik2011@rediffmail.com) : Effect of atrazine (herbicide) on histology and protein content of the freshwater teleost Barbus carnaticus. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 257-65.

Study deals with the effect of Atrazine, a herbicide on histological and biochemical studies in Barbus carnaticus. LC50 concentration of Atrazine for 6. carnaticus was found to be 7.5 ppm for 24 h, 5 ppm for 48 h, 2.5 ppm for 72 h and 1.25 ppm for 96 h under laboratory conditions and 1/10th of the corresponding LC50 values were treated as sub lethal concentration. The fish showed severe histological changes like hypertrophy of cells, death of certain cells i.e. necrosis and appearance of vacuoles as the period of exposure go on increasing. Similarly the protein content of the liver, muscle and kidney decreased upto 1.7, 1.7 and 2.1 mg/g, respectively.

9 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

000332   Vedpathak A N;Jadhav M R;Gulave A R (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Histomorphological changes in the digestive tubules of freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis (lamark) from Godavari river at Paithan, during different seasons. Aquacult 2012, 13(1), 21-6.

The freshwater bivalve molluscs, Lamellidens marginalis (75-78 mm shell length) were collected from banks of Godavari river at Paithan during summer, monsoon and winter seasons for the study of histological changes in the digestive tubules. The histological study showed that, ducts and tubules of digestive gland grouped in the form of small lobules, separated by inter lobular connective tissues. The tubule consists of digestive cells and secretary cells. The primary tubules in the Lamellidens marginalis showed synchronized pattern of different phases such as fragmentation of spherules, holding phase and absorption phase, according to changes in water level over the animal bed, rainfall, oxygen contents and probable changes in the detritus matter (i.e. food availability) on the habitat Tubule consists of two types of cells (a) digestive cells and (b) secretary cells. Amoebocytes are found scattered to the interlobular connective tissues. The diameter of primary digestive tubules were found maximum during monsoon while it was found minimum during summer and winter seasons. During monsoon tubules were in fragmentation spherules phase. The tubules progressed in holding and absorption phases from late monsoon to winter season. The absorption phase in the tubules was found dominant during winter which probably indicated less availability of food. The results of the study are discussed in the light of effect of environmental parameters over the habitat.

1 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

000331   Usha R (Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, Quaid-E-Millath Government Arts College, Chennai-600 002, Email: drrusha_toxicol@rediffmail.com) : Effect of salinity changes in haematological parameters of the tiger Shark Pangasius hypophthalmus. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 283-90.

Effect of salinity on haematological parameters of Pangassius hypothalamus was studied. The fish haemoglobin concentration in control was 4.3 g/dl and in the test 5.6 g/dl The fish contained less haemoglobin level compared to saline water experimental fish. The RBC count in normal fish was 5.2 million/cu.mm and the fish in salinity was 3.5million/cu.mm WBC in normal fish was 6.7 million/cu mm and in the test fish it was 4.9 million/cu.mm. The reduction in the RBC and WBC counts were due to the sudden changes from fresh water to saline water.

11 illus, 17 ref

000330   Sree Kumari C (Zoology Dep, Sree Devi Kumari Women's College, Kuzhithurai-629 163) : Web pattern of the spiders Argiope catenulata and Cyrtophora cicatrosa. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 267-72.

Web patterns of the spiders Argiope catenulata and Cyrtophora cicatrosa were studied during 15th March to 15th August 2010. A. catenulata constructs an orb web which is a regular structure made up of frame, radial spokes and catching spirals. C. cicatroa constructs a dome shaped permanent web and sits it motionless in the centre of the orb web with folded appendages. In the spider, A.catenulata the whole length and breadth of webs were measured and length is 48 cm and breadth is 49 cm. The counted mean value of radial and spiral spokes are 45.5 threads and 31.3 threads. The spiderlings of length and breadth of the webs were measured and length is 28.6 cm and breadth is 31.6 cm. The radial and spiral spokes of the spiderlings are 25.3 threads and 29.2 threads. In the spider C. cicatrosa the whole mean web leangth is 32 cm (n =15) and the breadth is 24.7 cm (n = 15). The dome shaped mean web length and breadth is 6.93 cm and 13.4 cm. Correlation coefficient of length and breadth of webs of these two spiders is statistically significant. The time taken for construction of their web of A.catenulata is 1.01 hrs and C. cicatrosa 1.36 hrs. Correlation coefficient of length and breadth of webs of the spiders is statistically significant.

4 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

000329   Saokar C D;Wahule V K (Zoology Dep, K.R.A. Arts, Science & Commerce College, Deola-423 102, Email: cdsaokar@gmail.com ) : Changes in digestive tubules in Indonaia caeruleus. Geobios 2012, 39(2-3), 145-9.

Digestive tubules of freshwater bivalve, Indonaia caeruleus appeared compact throughout all seasons except for a few fortnights. The amoebocytes were found in abundance, which decreased in winter. The size of lumen of digestive tubules is large in holding phase as compared to absorption and fragmentation spherules phases. In reorganization phase, the height of digestive cells and diameter of tubules both decreased. In the digestive cells inclusion appeared both during holding and absorption phases.

2 tables, 7 ref

000328   Sakthivel M;Jawahar G;Palanikumar M; Nagarathinam N (Zoology P. G. Dep, Kamaraj College, Tuticorin-628 003, Email: msvsakthivel_2006@yahoo.com) : Effects of stocking density on food utilization in the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 311-16.

Aim is to the optimum stocking density, spiny lobster Panulirus homarus was reared at different stocking densities (5, 10, 15, 20 & 25 lobster/Glass tanks of 120 lit. capacity). The individuals were fed with natural feed like clam alone. Better feeding rate was found in the lobsters reared with 15 numbers/tank than maximum feeding rate (840 J/g live lobster/day) and absorption rate (731J/g live lobster/day) observed in higher density groups having 20 and 25 numbers/glass tank. The absorption efficiency was higher (98%) in the group reared with 25 lobsters/tank. An increase in the stocking density also reduced the conversion rate and net conversion efficiency. Maximum conversion rate and net conversion efficiency of 569 J/g live lobster/day and 46% was recorded in the group having 15 individuals/glass tank and 25 numbers/glass tank showed minimum of 256 J/g live lobster/day and 31% respectively. Hence, 15 individuals/tank was considered as optimum density for P. homarus.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

000327   Sakthika T (Advanced Zoology Dep, Biotechnology, Govindmmal Aditanar College for Women, Thiruchendur-628 215, Email: sakthikasaravanan@gmail.com) : Effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus sporogens and L.Rhamnosus on growth performance and selected haematological parameters in Mystus montanus. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 225-32.

Experiment was aimed at determining the influence of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus sporogens and L.rhamnosus on growth performance and selected haematological parameters on the cat fish Mystus montanus for 90 days. Growth of the fish was assessed by calculating body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and condition factor (CF). SGR was slightly higher, BWG, PER, and CF were significantly (P<60>0.05) higher and FCR was lower in Group-2 (L sporogens) and Group-3 (L.rhamnosus) fish fed with probiotic supplemented diet compared to control group. Their blood parameters such as RBC, WBC, and haemoglobin also statistically (P<60>0.05) increased compared to the fish fed with basal diet. The experiment suggests that Lrhamnosus added feed can be recommended for the intensive culture of fish to improve the growth and immunity, thus it can be served as an alternate strategy to use antibiotics.

4 tables, 26 ref

000326   Roselind K;Sornaraj R;Thanasingh P D (Zoology Dep, Pope's College, Sawyerpuram-628 251) : Assessment of the butterfly fauna of the coastal area of Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 233-6.

Butterflies inhabiting the coastal ecosystem of Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu was recorded through a modified transect methodology by setting four sectors of 1000 x 1000 m dimensions from December 2008 to December 2010. Each sector was further divided into four compartments of 500 x 0 m dimensions and recording all species of butterflies observed within 2 x 2 km distance. A total of 42,864 individuals representing 32 species were observed. Out of these, members belonging to the family Nymphalidae was the most common with 15 species accounting 37.4% of the total species and 46.9% total number of individuals collected. The butterfly species viz., Danus chrysippus, Catopsilia pyranthe belong to the family Nymphalidae and Eurema blanda belong to the family Pieridae occurred throughout the study period.

2 tables, 10 ref

000325   Patil S R;Sawant R S;Kumbhar D S;Jadhav S D (Zoology Dep, Dr. Ghali College, Gadhinglaj-416 502) : Hydrological studies of two aquatic ecosystems from Kagal tahsil, Maharashtra. Envir Ecol 2012, 30(2), 376-9.

Present investigation reveals physico-chemical properties of Hanabarwadi and Bafeghoi water reservoir from Kagal tahsii, district Kolhapur, Maharashtra state. Limnological studies were conducted during the October 2009 to September 2010 and various parameters like temperature, transparency, pH, electrical conductivity, free CO₂, total alkalinity, chlorides, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates and dissolved oxygen were analyzed from surface water of these two reservoirs. The physico-chemical parameters exhibited have considerable variations from sample to sample site wise. Results revealed that free CO₂ total alkalinity, hardness, chlorides and also dissolved oxygen significantly showed differences among sites.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

000324   Mehjabeen Bano;Mishra R (Zoology Dep, Meerut college Meerut CCS Univ, Meerut Uttar Pradesh) : A new species of the genus Ascogaster wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India. Prog Agric 2012, 12(1), 223-4.

^ssc1 illus, 6 ref

000323   Lonkar A N (Zoology Dep, Nutan Adarsh Arts Commerce and Smt. M.H. Wegad, Science College, Umrer, Dist. Nagpur-441 203, Email: anlonkar.1832@rediffmail.com) : Effect of insecticide phytofos on oxygen consumption rates of snail Lymnaea accuminata (Lamarck). Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2012, 9(2), 877-80.

Snails Lymnaea accuminata, were exposed to 2.8 mg/I (l/10lh of 96 hrLC50) and 5.6 mg/l(l/5th of 96hr LC50) of insecticide Phytofos. Initially at 24 hours, at both the concentrations decrease in oxygen consumption rate is noted. At 48 hours stage, an increase in oxygen consumption rate is noticed at both the sublethal concentrations. At 72 hours stage in both the sublethal concentrations reduction in oxygen consumption is noted. At the end of 96 hours, again in both the concentration decrease in oxygen consumption prevailed. These experimental snails upon transfer to fresh water for 24 hours, showed recovery in oxygen consumption rate. Oxygen consumption rate are discussed with respect to sublethal concentration and time of exposure to toxicant Phytofos.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

000322   Larti B;Agh N;Alipour S (School of Biology, Collage of Science, Tehran Univ, Tehran, Iran) : Survival and growth of three population of Artemia under laboratory conditions: effects of ascending salinity regime. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2012, 9(2), 511-20.

Artemia spp. as a model organism from Urmia Lake is used in the studies on life history and strategies during hypersalinity conditions. Currently, Urmia Lake water salinity increased to 300 gL^-1. Effects of acending salinity especially hypersaline treatments on survival and growth in three Artemia species namely: (Artemia urmiana, Artemia franciscana and parthenogenetic Artemia) were considered. Six salinity concentrations (50, 80, 150, 200, 250 and 300 gL^-1) were applied in this experiment. Survival rate showed that in culture period, survivals were decreased gradually, hut in hypersaline treatments (200, 250, 300 gL^-1), we were observed dramatic decline in survival parameter. In addition, the mortality rate was calculated for three populations. We were observed high mortality between all salinity treatments in day eight perhaps as a result of larvae phase, but the mortality rate became low until senescent phase, in senescent phase as a final phase; We were expected again high mortality. Growth in three species over time was gradually increased to a constant level, but for each salinity and each population, time to reach a constant level were different. In addition, in hypersaline media (200, 250, 300 gL^-1), early maturity were observed for three species.

3 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

000321   Kour D N;Sahi D N;Sharma R (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Foraging behaviour and diet of northern five-striped palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti Wroughton in Jammu. Geobios 2012, 39(2-3), 121-6.

Feeding preferences along with the foraging tactics were determined in northern five-striped palm squirrel, considered as an adaptable species, occupying a broad range of habitats. A total of 31 plant species were noted to be consumed. Fruits appeared to be the most preferred food items; the order of preference in cereals was rice> wheat> gram> sorghum> maize. Occasionally, they cater their needs by preying upon beetles, butterflies, moths, termites, bees and wasps.

1 table, 12 ref

000320   Koley S K;Kumar R (Research Scholar, L.N.M.U., Darbhanga-846 004) : Fish health under ekalux stress. Aquacult 2012, 13(1), 93-6.

This study attempts to evaluate the health status of the fresh water fish Channa punctatus on the basis of changes in blood biochemistry under the toxic stress of Ekalux (1.62 ppm) for 30 days significant changes were observed in the blood biochemical properties in the form of hyperglycemia, hypoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia. The present study concludes fat indiscriminate use of Ekalux even at lower doses, may prove detrimental to fish health and population as such some alternative non-toxic chemicals needs to formulated in order to have better fish productivity.

1 table, 22 ref

000319   Kalita B;Dutta O K;Baishya S (College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural Univ, Raha-782 103, Email: cfsc_raha@rediffmail.com) : Fish disease surveillance in carp culture in Assam. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 241-52.

Disease is one of the major problems associated with fish culture in Assam and has become a major limiting factor in fish production. Investigations made in the fish farmers' ponds of Assam from 2006 to 2009 revealed presence of 17 diseases, of which 8 are parasitic, 4 bacterial, 2 fungal and 3 non- infectious. The most common fungal disease is Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) caused by Aphanomyces invadens showed highest incidence (26.9%) followed by Argulosis caused by Argulus foliaceus (15.6%) and bacterial dropsy caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (12.9%) are important ones. Among the carps, mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) is more susceptible to EUS at all stages of life that was observed during the study period.

2 tables, 41 ref

000318   Jagadambikadevi S;Sanu Kumar S;Dhevendaran K (Aquatic Biology and Fisheries Dep, Kerala Univ, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: ambilysanu@gmail.com) : Influence of streptomycetes single cell protein feed on growth of juvenile Barbus schwanefeldi. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 213-17.

Experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of streptomycetes single cell protein on growth of juvenile fish, Barbus schwanefeldi, commonly known as tin foil barb. The experiment was initiated by isolating Streptomyces species from fish, water and soil from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala by using three different kinds of media. Among the strains isolated, artificial feeds were prepared with the strains isolated from the sediment since this strain exhibited more activity than that of others. Three types of artificial feeds, namely dried streptomycetes incorporated feed (F2),fresh streptomycetes incorporated feed(F3) and mixed feed containing equal concentration of fish meal and streptomycetes(F4) with protein concentration of 30% were prepared in addition to the control feed (F1). Finally when juveniles of Barbus schwanefeldi were fed with all these feeds separately for a period of 15 days, fish fed with dried streptomycetes feed showed better growth within this short span, which was confirmed by better food conversion ratio in fish (1.72). The meagre food conversion ratio was exhibited by wet streptomycetes feed, F3 diet (2.84). Thus the study revealed that dried Streptomycetes (F2) is an alternative source of protein component in fish feed that can enhance growth rate of juveniles of fish remarkably.

1 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

000317   Jadhav H K;Babare M G (Zoology Dep, A.S.C. College, Naldurg, District Osmanabad-413 602) : Microbiologyical study of Harni river near Naldurg (Maharashtra) India. Aquacult 2012, 13(1), 97-9.

The present paper deals with the study of microbiological status of Harni river water near Naldurg. Seasonal variation in Coli form bacteria, feecal Coli form and E.Coli were studied during the year 2009-10. The results show that the Harni river water is not potable.

2 tables, 7 ref

000316   Gupta K;Langer S;Sharma J;Sharma S (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006, Email: jyotis632@gmail.com) : Sex related haematological variations in hill stream fish Garra gotyla, from Jhajjar stream of Jammu region, India. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2012, 9(2), 819-23.

Sex related variations in total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin level (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), differential leucocyte count (DLC), total leucocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined in hill stream fish, Garra gotyla gotyla from Jhajjjar stream of Jammu region, J&K India. Except for total leucocyte count, monocyte and neutrophil count all the haematological parameters (both observed and calculated) were significantly (P<60> 0.01) higher in males than in females, Thrombocytes were also observed to be higher in females than their respective males. Possible reasons for the sex differences in the haematological parameters were studied.

2 tables, 25 ref

000315   Gejage M R;Bodare R D (Zoology Dep, Vishwasrao Naik Arts, Commerce and Baba Naik Science Mahavidhyalaya, Shirala-415 408, Email: ramesh.gejage@yahoo.com) : Alterations in triacylglycerol ester hydrolase activity during male adult development of Papilio demoleus (linnaeus). Geobios 2012, 39(2-3), 127-8.

Role adult triacylglycerol ester hydrolase in Papilio demoleus was maximum at optimum pH 8.1 with 1% enzyme concentration. The gradual increase of activity was observed from 1 -day to 3-day old adult and gradual decrease from 3-day to 5-day old adult. The main sources of energy during development are lipid and lipolytic activity.

1 illus, 6 ref

000314   Ganapiriya V;Suganthi A S (Zoology Dep, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam-614 701) : Seasonal variations in somatic growth and reproduction of the male brachyuran crab, Parasesarma plicatum. J Ecobiol 2011, 29(3-4), 219-24.

Reproductive biology of the male crab Parasesarma plicatum from Manakudy estuary, Tamil Nadu was investigated. P. plicatum collected bimonthly from January to December 2009 were sexed, carapace width was measured and gonadal stage was checked macroscopically. A total of 930 crabs were caught-250 females (60 ovigerous females), 150 juveniles and 530 males and found two peak reproductive periods of April - May and October - November. The reproductive status of males was based on the presence of spermatogonial and sperm cells in the tesfes. Colour and macroscopical aspects determined four gonadal stages for males (immature, rudimentary, developing, developed). First sexual maturity of male was estimated at 1.6 cm carapace width. Moult activity in all size classes were verified. Such facts indicated that this species moult after maturity also. In spite of temperature being pointed one of the most important ecological factor in the reproductive biology of aquatic animals, salinity is also a controlling factor.

4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

000313   Das P;Manna B (Zoology Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: bmanna59in@yahoo.com ) : New and a known species of Ironus bastian, 1865 from mosses in West Bengal, India. Geobios 2012, 39(2-3), 150-6.

New and a known species of the genus Ironus Bastian, 1865 are described here from the epigeous moss, Bryum sp. Ironus baqrii n.sp. is characterized by having highly refractive sphincter between oviduct and uterus, transverse vulva and 300μm long female tail. Ironus elegans Colomba & Vinciguerra, 1979 is being reported for the first time from India with a modified key to the species of the genus after Ebsary (1985).

2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

000312   Bhatta G;Dinesh K P;Prashanth P;Kulkarni N; Radhakrishnan C (Biology Dep, BASE Educational Services Pvt Ltd. Basavanagudi, Bangalore-560 004, Email: gkbmanipura@gmail.com) : New caecilian Ichthyophis davidi sp. nov. (Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae): the largest striped caecilian from the Western Ghats. Curr Sci 2011, 101(8), 1015-19.

4 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

000311   Baskaran M (PG and Research Zoology and Wildlife Biology Dep, AVC College, Mannampandal-609 305, Email: beebaskaran@rediffmail.com) : Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations in the Indian Honeybee Apis cerana indica (Fabr.) populations in South India. Adv Biotech 2012, 12(2), 13-7.

Indian honeybee Apis cerana occurs in southern India in two distinct colour morphs of bees: the Yellow (Plain) and Black (Hill). Intergenic regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from different localities were amplified and sequenced COI- tRNA leu- COII region of 20 samples from Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and Tamilnadu states. The number of haplotypes (h) in this study was 10, the haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd) was 0.832 and the variance of haplotype diversity was 0.00564 (sd-0.075). The nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.306. The number of base substitutions per site from averaging over all sequence pairs were 0.714 there by identified their genetic lineages.

1 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

000310   Badotra P;Kumar N R (Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigrah-160 014, Email: pooja_badotra@yahoo.co.in) : Parasitic mite (varroa) feeding on Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) host. Geobios 2012, 39(2-3), 157-9.

Apis mellifera is comparatively a new host of the Varroa mite. This host shift was the result of contact of the European species with Asian honey bees as a consequence of its introduction in several parts of Asia. In the present study, punctures and/or lesions were observed on two specific locations on the host viz. the lateral thoracic region and the intersegmental region of the anterior abdominal sternites.

6 illus, 5 ref

000309   Babare M (Zoology Dep, A.S.C. College, Naldurg District- Osmanabad-413 602) : Fish and fisheries of Kunsawali tank, district Osmanabad (Maharashtra) India. Aquacult 2012, 13(1), 101-3.

Present work deals with the study of fish-fauna and fishery activity of a Kunsawali tank Dist-Osmanabad (MS.) India. The work was carried out during (he year 2010 January to December). The Osmanabad District of Marathwada region of Maharashtra having several small and large sized reservoirs which are being exploited for aquaculture through Merman's Co-operative societies supported by State fisheries department The present work was made on the Kunsawali tank In the tank, the fish fauna represented by 18 fish species belonging to four orders. The identification and economic importance is discussed.

1 table, 9 ref

000308   Arunkumar L;Sony N;Singh T R (Zoology Dep, Mayal Lambi College, Yumnam Huidrom-09, Manipur) : Ichthyofauna of Poiroupat lake, Manipur. Aquacult 2012, 13(1), 59-64.

Manipur, the northeastern state of India (23°50' N & 24°4l' N between 93°2' E & 97°47' E) is one of the 18 hotspots of biodiversity, Poiroupat lake is one of the natural fresh water lake of Manipur, about 881 m above the mean sea lad, with 0.16 sq. km; 15 km from Imphal City and having 48 species of 34 genera, 18 families under 6 orders. The order Cypriniformes found dominant with 25 species, followed by Perciformes 11 species, Siluriformes 8 species, Synbranchiformes 2 species and Anguilliformes 1 species and Osteoglossiformes with 1 species.

3 illus, 17 ref

000307   Amte G K;Gore T A (Zoology Dep, B.N.N. College, Bhiwandi-421 301) : Study of physico-chemical parameters of Kala Talav, district-Thane, Maharashtra. Aquacult 2012, 13(1), 31-7.

Present investigation deals with the study of physico-chemical parameters of the Kala talav - Kalyan (West), District - Thane, Maharashtra. The water samples were collected from two different sampling stations of the lake. The water quality parameters like pH, Temp, Turbidity, DO, COD, BOD, Total alkalinity, TDS, TSS, TS, Silicate, Nitrate, Phosphate and Sulphate were analysed for two years during 2009-2011. The results revealed remarkable seasonal changes in the water quality.

2 tables, 18 ref