021361   Siddiquk H;Hadique M;Ajit Kumar (Zollogy Dep, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar) : Effect of a carbamate pesticide (Sevin) on changes in some haemato-biochemical profiles in a teleostean fish, Channa gachua (Ham.). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 203-4.

Studies on the effect of sublethal concentration (2.5 mg/litre) of a carbamate pesticide, Sevin were made for the changes in some haematobiochemical parameters in an air breathing teleostean fish, Channa gachua (Ham.). In control group of fishes the values of blood glucose, plasma protein and blood urea were 59.542, 12.04 and 30.92 mg/100 ml of blood respectively. The exposure of fishes to sublethal concentration of sevin (2.5ppm) for different hours (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs.) caused significant increase in blood glucose and blood urea and considerable decrease in plasma protein. Thereason for such charges has been discussed in this paper.

1 table, 19 ref

021360   Shelar S D;Kanse V (Zoology Dep, Lal Bahaddur Shastri College, Partur Tq. Partur Dist, Jalna, Maharashtra, Email: sdshelar09@gmail.com) : Toxicity of mercuric chloride and copper sulphate to fresh water leech, Poecilobdella viridis and changes induced in the brain neurosecretory profile. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 260-2.

Fresh water leeches are known for their medicinal value. They are coinhabitants of fishes, mollusks, crabs etc. in the fresh water ecosystem. Due to imprecise use of heavy metal pesticides like mercuric chloride and copper sulphate in agriculture practices in this area, (which also ultimately reach to the freshwater ecosystem) have posed a great threat to the existence of non-target economically important animals like leech. The fresh water leech, Poecilobdella viridis has been used as a model to study the toxicity of said pesticides. Lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of mercuric chloridefor 24 h was found to be 1.40 ppm, whereas of copper sulphate was 6.0 ppm. Brain of this leech has 2 parts, supraoesphageal ganglion and suboesphageal ganglion joined on sides by circum-oesophageal connectives. Both ganglia contain neurosecretory cell types A and B in varying numbers. Significant (P<60>0.05) decreases in the cell area, nuclear diameter and neurosecretory material staining intensity of both A and B cells, were observed in leeches exposed for 24 h to the respective lethal concentrations of mercuric chloride and copper sulphate. Neurosecretory activities as judged by rate of synthesis transport and release of neurosecretory material of both cells was greatly affected by both pesticides. Mercuric chloride was found to be more toxic than copper sulphate.

2 illus, 8 ref

021359   Sharma K K;Chandrakiran (Zoology Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: ckiran_zool@rediffmail.com) : Taxonomy and systematic accounts of some species of cladocerans inhabiting Jammu ponds. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 167-9.

A total of 11 species of Cladocerans were reported from the three ponds in Jammu region during the period of investigations from March, 2007 to Febuary, 2008. These cladoceran taxa which inhabit ponds were found to belong to four families of the order Cladocera viz., Chydoridae, Daphnidae, Moinidae and Macrothricidae. Taxonomic studies were carried out in detail for all these taxa and elaborate systematic accounts for each of them was given in this present communication.

19 ref

021358   Shaji C P;Laladhas K P (NO, Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Pallimukku, Pettah P O, Thiruvananthapuram-695 024, Email: shajibarb@gmail.com) : Monsoon flood plain fishery and traditional fishing methods in Thrissur district, Kerala. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2013, 12(1), 102-8.

Breeding migration of the freshwater fishes is known locally as Oothayilakkom or Ootha. A study has been conducted during 2010 to study the fishery and fishing gears during Ootha. The traditional fishing gears, its fabrication and operation in Thrissur district were studied. Adichil, Chaattom, Nathoodu are gears unique to the study area. The impacts Ootha fishery on the sustainabtlity of the fish resources and eco-friendliness of these gears were evaluated.

12 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

021357   Sen S;Saha S;Raychaudhuri D (Entomology Laboratory Zoology Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35, Ballygunge, Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: souvik_ind_06@yahoo.co.in) : Spiders of Singalila National Park, West Bengal (Arachnida:Araneae). Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 22-3.

1 table, 11 ref

021356   Sen S;Saha S;Raychaudhuri D (Entomology Laboratory Zoology Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: dinendrarccu@gmail.com) : Insect fauna of Gorumara National Park and Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal. Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 13-14.

7 ref

021355   Sarwat M S (P.G. Zoology Dep, Deogiri College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: mi2zoosha@rediffmail.com) : New species of genus allocreadium from Jayakwadi Dam (M.S.). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 227-30.

Living organisms are very important part of life on this earth which includes all plants and animals from micro-organisms upto huge plants and animals. Many animals like birds, reptiles, mammals and fishes are useful for food, skin, bones, teeth etc. But under certain circumstances, all living organisms are susceptible to diseases and fishes are no exception. A majority of fishes carry heavy infestation of helminth parasites which cause deterioration in their food value and may result in heavy mortality. Besides, infected fishes act as a very potent source of helminth infection of man and they are transmitted to man only through eating of fish.

4 illus, 26 ref

021354   Sar A (Coleoptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata-700 053) : On a collection of rove beetles (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae) from the Sandi Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh. Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 27.

2 ref

021353   Saha R K;Dilip Nath (Fish Health and Environment Dep, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural Univ, Lembucherra, P B No 60, Agartala-799 001, Email: ratankumarsaha123@rediffmail.com) : Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) of fish farmers at Dhalai district of Tripura, Northeast India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2013, 12(1), 80-4.

Fisheries in Tripura form an integral part of the economy of the state. Indigenous technical knowledge in the field of fish farming is a practical knowledge of the local farmers of this district. This is based on intimate experience accumulated over generation after generation. Such traditional practices were sustainable in terms of land use, utilization of local available materials, labour, money, and could be easily operated without any specially skills. The study was conducted in the villages of Balaram and Maracherra clusters of Dhalai district of Tripura to collect the indigenous technical knowledge in fish based farming system, to characterize and catalogue the available bio-resources in the locality and to protect the IPR issues for future uses. Information was documented by using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) like observation and discussion. In this study, the traditional knowledge of fish farmers were identified and described on integration of animal and plant component in fish based farming system, protection of fishes from enemies, ponds used for the protection of bamboo from damage and fishing methods. The ITKs on fish-cum-vegetable (bottle gourd) culture, paddy-cum-fish culture, fish-cum-duckery, practice of protection of fishes from enemies, ponds used for the protection of bamboo from damage, and different types of bamboo made fishing traps were recorded in the present paper.

11 illus, 10 ref

021352   Saha M P;Pramila Prasad;Amta Kumari;Datta Munshi J S (NO, , Satyadeep, Hasanganj, Mirjanhat, Bhagalpur, Bihar, Email: sahamahadeo@yahoo.co.in) : Impact of Farakka barrage on Hilsa ilisha (Ham.) fishery. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 173-6.

Hilsa ilisha (Ham.) is a long distance migratory fish of the Indian waters of high economic and food value coming from the Bay of Bengal and migrating to the upper reaches of river Ganges. It is a rich source of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, iron, calcium, mineral salt and occupy an important place in human food and nutrition. Once upon a time they are found in abundance at Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur, Haridwar and even at Patna. But now it has vanished completely from these centres. In other centres above Rajmahal the Hilsa fishery is almost nonexistent now. The construction of Farakka barrage on the river Ganges restricted the migration of Hilsa ilisa to this part of river. The barrage obviously acts as a physical barrier for the migration of all fishes. The barrage seems to have no functional fish ladder's or fish passages for the migration of fishes. The fishes run up to the barrage from sea and concentrate on the southern region and can not cross the barrage as the Fish ladder's or Fish passages are not working due to their defective construction. The denial of migration of Hilsa ilisha may result in permanent reduction of fish stock of this species leading to complete extermination. The farakka barrage has profoundly effected the fishery in the rivers of Nothern India and completely affected the Hilsa fishery of India. This clearly depicts the deplorable condition of Hilsa fishery in the river Ganges and the impact of Farakka barrage is quite evident.

1 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

021351   Ranibala T;Shomorendra M;Kar D (Fishery Science and Aquaculture, Life Sciences Dep, Assam (Central) University, Silchar, Assam, Email: devashishkar@yahoo.com) : Prevalence and intensity of nematode parasites among siluroid fishes of Loktak Lake in Manipur. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 241-2.

Present study is based on the prevalence and intensity of infection of nematode parasite among the siluroid fishes of Loktak lake, Manipur. A total of 451 fishes, from four fish species of siluroid fishes were examined. Out of which 91 fishes were found to be infected with one or more nematode parasites.

1 table, 12 ref

021350   Ranga Reddy Y (Zoology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjunanagar-522 510, Email: yrangareddy@yahoo.com) : Gondwanan heritage in groundwater crustaceans of peninsular India. Curr Sci 2011, 101(2), 156-8.

1 table, 33 ref

021349   Rahim S;Rao R (Zoology Dep, Govt. E.R.R.P.G. Science College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) : New nematode, Camallanus armata n.sp., from fresh water fish Mastacembelus armatus (Lecepede, 1800). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 248-50.

During course of study of nematode parasites of fresh water fishes, 20 specimens of Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede,1800), were collected from different places of Bilaspur (C.G.), out of which two fishes were found infected with a new species of genus, Camallanus Railliet et Henry,1915.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

021348   Pawar L B;Patil D N;Shewale S S (S.G. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sakri, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, Email: drlalubpawar@rediffmail.com) : Histopathological changes in intestine of marine fish (Carcharias acutus) parasitised by Nibelinia pintneri. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 243-4.

Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the infection to the intestine of marine fish Carcharias acutus found in Surat district at Dummus was infected by cestode parasite Nibelinia pintneri. These parasites bear scolex and head bears hold fast organs and hooked spines, which are adopted for attachment to the mucosa of specific hosts. They absorb semi digested material from the intestine. The infected area/site of host intestine is characterized by inflammation which results into vasodilation.

2 illus, 9 ref

021347   Paunikar S (NO, Tropical Forest Research Institute, P.O. RFRC, Mandla Road, Jabalpur-482 021, Email: sanjaypaunikar@gmail.com) : Infestation of five stripped squirrel, Funambulus pennanti, in the forest nurseries of Jabalpur, central India. Bionotes 2012, 14(3), 94.

6 ref

021346   Patil R N;Borde R D;Pillai M M;Ranmale S B (Zoology Dep, S.G.m. College, Karad, Maharashtra, Email: mpatilsgm@gmail.com) : Effect of salivary secretion on the spermatogenesis in Mice. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 245-7.

Salivariadenectomy includes both sublingualectomy (removal of sublingual glands), Sioloadenectomy (removal of submandibular glands). The salivariadenectomy of pregnant female mice was carried out on 10th day of gestation period. The male progeny of salivariadenectomised mother was selected for experiments. The males of salivariadenectomised mother were also sublingualectomised, sioloadenectomised and salivariadenectomised on 20th day. At the age of 45, 60 and 90 days the above males were selected for fertility test and sperm count. It was observed that fertility rate among these males were significantly decreased and also sperm count.

2 tables, 13 ref

021345   Patil K T;Yadav B S (Zoology Dep, M.S.G. College, Malegaon (Camp), Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra, Email: kapilpatil_02@yahoo.com) : Histopathological study of hepatopancreas of fresh water crab Barytelphusa cunicularis exposed to metasystox. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 177-80.

Present experiment was carried out to study the toxic effect of metasystox pesticide on hepatopancreas of fresh water crab Barytelphusa cunicularis, after acute and chronic exposure. For acute study crabs were exposed to 1.4 ppm, 1.15, 0.75 and 0.4 ppm of metasystox for 24 hrs, 48, 72 and 96 hrs respectively and for chronic study crabs were exposed to 0.115 ppm (LC₅₀ value of 48 hrs) for 10, 20 and 30 days. After exposure periods crabs were dissected and hepatopancreas were taken out and fixed in bouin's fluid, dehydrated, cleared in xylol and embedded in paraffin wax. Section were cut out at 9μm, stained with haemotoxylin-eosin and observed under microscope. The results suggested that metasystox caused severe tissue damage in crab. The changes noted in histology of test crabs can be taken as biomarkers for monitoring of pesticide pollution in aquatic environments.

8 tables, 8 ref

021344   Patel A K (NO, , ) : Dose dependent interactions between estradiol-17β and triiodothyronine with reference to different physiological and biochemical parameters on liver tissue of common Indian Toad (Bufo melanostictus). South Asian J expl Biol 2012, 2(3), 79-89.

To study the dose dependent interaction between two chemically different and functionally distinct hormones i.e. estradiol-17β and tri-iodothyronine (T3), six different animal groups of common Indian toad (Bufo melanostictus) were injected intramuscularly each with single dose of individual treatment [Estradiol-17β (E-40 and E-80); T3 (T-20 and T-40), and combination dose (E-40+T-20 and E-80+T-40)]. The data clearly demonstrated the interaction between these two hormones with respect to different physiochemical parameters in the liver tissue, such as alkaline phosphates activity, oxygen consumption rate, lipid, cholesterol, RNA, DNA, protein, free amino acid, total sugar and ascorbic acid content with respect to different days after treatment (0, 1, 5 and 10) as well as different doses of hormonal treatments, individually and in combination. The comparative study indicated the dose dependent hormone-hormone interaction between estradiol-17β and T3 hormone with respect to synergistic effect on oxygen consumption rate, fluctuation in lipid and cholesterol content, antagonistic effect of T3 on activation of the transcriptional apparatus to synthesize RNA, free amino acid metabolism, antagonistic effect on protein metabolism suggesting the protein catabolic or anabolic nature of T3, the permissive effect of estradiol-17β upon T3 on sugar content in liver tissue of toad.

021343   Paliwal A;Sharma H N;Gurjar R K;Paliwal A (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Nuvan induced haematological alterations in albino rats. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 263-5.

Insecticides are used from ancient times in agriculture and in repelling insects from houses. Insecticides affectes human by direct or indirect mechanisms. To assess this damage, nuvan (organophosphate) has been selected to observe their effects in albino rats and the primary effects have been observed on haematology. Haematological parameters include - TEC, Hb. Conc. and ESR. The observations showed significant alterations in haematology. Nuvan is more effective in early treatments (7 and 15 days) and almost equally effective in 30 days. However, show a recovery effect in 45 days. The findings of the present study showed that the organophosphate nuvan is highly toxic to vertebrates and its replacement with some other effective but with low mammalian toxic pesticide is necessary.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

021342   Ombase C P;Pawar B K (NO, Dahiwadi College, Dahiwadi. Tal.-Man, Dist.-Satara-415 508, Email: cpombase1953@gmail.com ) : Cyclical lipid chgnges in the testis of Rasbora daniconius. J Cell Tissue Res 2012, 12(2), 3193-7.

In the present study, the cyclical changes of lipids in the testis of Rasbora daniconius were carried out. The neutral lipids and phospholipids were studied during the four stages of breeding cycle. It was found that neutral lipids were accumulated in the testis during pre breeding stage and metabolized during active breeding period i.e. lipids get decreased during breeding stage. Again it was found that lipids get accumulated from post breeding stage and subsequent period of quiescence. The phospholipids slowly increased from pre breeding period and attained high concentration during the active breeding period. Such increase in phospholipid values correlates with increasing number of sperm. The phospholipids showed the decreasing trend from post breeding period followed by quiescent period.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

021341   Nikam K N;Ajagekar V V;Pawar C V (Zoology Dep, R.B. Madkholkar Mahavidyalaya, Chandgad. Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : Avifauna from Jangamhatti Dam, Chandgad dist. Kolhapur (Maharashtra). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 237-40.

Present paper described a systematic study of biodiversity of avifauna of Jangamhatti reservoir at Chandgad and surrounding forest, dist. Kolhapur during October,2008 to September,2009. The study reveals that this area is rich in avifauna. Birds from Jangamhatti reservoir and forest represents 12 orders, like Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes, Cuculiformes, Bucerotiformes, Gruiformes, Coraciiformes, Podiformes, Piciformes, Galliformes, Passeriformes Strigiformes, Columbiformes. About 50 species were recorded during study period which could be treated as a good state of biodiversity. Naturally this can be correlated with physico-chemical properties of water and aquatic vegetation found in Jangamhatti reservoir.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

021340   Nalawade S P;Bakare R V (Zoology Dep, Yashawantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara-415 001, Email: drsavita73@indiatimes.com) : Electrophoretic protein patterns during larval development of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). J Cell Tissue Res 2012, 12(2), 3163-8.

Chilo partellus is one of the most serious maize stem borer. The electrophoretic protein patterns during larval development of Chilo partellus have been studied. The larval developmental period is of 28 days. Gradual increase in no of protein fractions from 1 to 2 day and decrease from 2 to 4 day larvae was observed. With the onset of second instar sharp increase in no. of protein fractions was observed and after 5 day it decline and remain constant up to 10 day larvae. With the onset of third instar larva gradual increase in number of protein fractions was observed up to 13 day and then sharp decrease in number of protein fractions were observed upto end of the instar. Sharp increase in protein fractions were observed with the onset of fourth instar and sharp decrease was observed at the end of fourth instar larvae. In the fifth instar larvae decrease in number of protein fractions were observed from 24 to 28 day. The physiological significance of proteins during larval development of Chilo partellus is discussed.

5 illus, 24 ref

021339   Naik M M;Piyush Chudasama;Sodagar N R;Patel S;Patel J S;Patel D H;Patel H;Kinnary Mistry (NO, , ) : Comparative hepatoprotective effect of β-carotene and Liv-52 against paracetamol induced liver toxicity in male and female Rats. South Asian J expl Biol 2012, 2(3), 103-7.

Serum alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and bilirubin level are known biomarkers in assessing hepatic functional integrity. A remarkable rise in the activities of these enzymes normally signifies hepatotoxicity of chemical agent(s) in the biological system. Any kind of damage to liver significantly increases the activity of these marker enzymes. In this study, the comparative hepatoprotective effect of á-carotene and commercially available multiherbal formulation Liv-52 against paracetamol (2.2 g/kg B.W)-induced toxicity was assessed in male and female rats. á-carotene dosage (10mg/kg and 20 mg/kg B.W) and Liv-52 (5ml/kg and 10ml/kg B.W) were separately administered orally to the test rats. One way ANOVA was performed to check the significant changes in the activities of serum enzymes, bilirubin and protein level between rats of β-carotene groups and Liv-52 groups (Separate analysis was done for male rats and female rats). The level of all marker enzymes significantly differed in all the groups of rats showing the comparative hepatoprotective effect of β- carotene and Liv-52. The result of this study demonstrated that the hepatoprotective activity of β-carotene and Liv-52 against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity is significantly differing in both male and female rats. Hence, the work suggests that the effect of β-carotene and Liv-52 against hepatotoxicity may be dose and sex dependent.

021338   Mitra B;Parui P (NO, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata-700 053) : Flies collected in a Daphabum expedition, Arunachal Pradesh. Bionotes 2012, 14(3), 92-3.

3 ref

021337   Mishra D (Zoology Dep, Polasara Science College, Polasara-761 105, Email: drdkm@hotmail.com) : Cattle wounds and ethnoveterinary medicine: a study in Polasara block, Ganjam district, Orissa, India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2013, 12(1), 63-5.

Study examined the information seeking behavior of traditional medical practitioners in the treatment of cattle wounds as well as level of acceptance of indigenous systems of medicine in the treatment of the disease. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered, self-constructed, structured-questionnaire. On spot experiment technique was adopted for analysis of accuracy of the preparations. Analysis revealed that traditional medical practice in the study area was with the elderly people. Knowledge of traditional medical practices was revealed to be orally preserved and transmitted by word of mouth from generation to generation and the level of integration with orthodox medicine was found to be very low. The uses of whole plant and/or plant parts along with the mode of administration revealed that 35 plant species were used for treatment of cattle wounds. Modern scientific techniques need to be adopted for validation of the ethnoveterinary medicines at a larger scale.

6 ref

021336   Mathuria M;Bansal A (Zoology Dep, D.S. College, Aligarh-202 001, Email: mathuriamanisha@yahoo.com) : Icthyotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of a biopesticide, Tephrosia purpurea, on the fish Channa punctatus. Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 26.

4 ref

021335   Mane V D;Rajput P R;Malpani M O;Shirbhate M V (Chemistry Dep, V.B.M.V. Amravati, Amravati, Email: vivekvdm@rediffmail.com) : To study the effect of water extract of plant Cassia fistula as an antiinflammatory agent on Channa punctatus fish. Int J chem Sci 2012, 10(1), 195-202.

Deals with evaluation of anti-inflammatory response of water extract of cassia fistula leaves on channa punctatus fishes. For that, fishes were exposed to 0.15 gm/L^-1 (96 hr) sub-lethal concentration of a dride Parthenhim flower extract in aquatic medium of aged tap water for 30 days with a regular interval of 7 days. In gonads, exposure dependent histological damage has been observed in terms of vacuolization, condensation of spermatogonic cells, distortion of tubular epithelium and shrinkage of interstitial cells. Gross histoanatomy of ovarian tissue reveals epithelial lesions, stormal haemorrhage, increased interstitium and shrinkage of yolk vesicles towards periphery. These findings are quite suggestive of reproductive impairments leading to delayed gonadial maturity and adversely affecting processes of sperm production and ovulation and thus, the fish production. In the next set of experiment, (0.15 gm/L^-1) concentrations of water extract of cassia fistula leaves were run simultaneously with the same concentration of a Parthenium flower extract (0.15 gm/L^-1) in aquatic medium of aged tap water for 30 days with a regular interval of 7 days. In mixed treatment, cassia -fistula leaves extract significantly reduce the histological damage observed due to sub-lethal concentration of a Parthenium flower extract and help for healthy reproduction. In the next set of experiment, fishes were exposed to 0.15 gm/L^-1 concentrations of water extract of cassia fistula leaves and that better histological changes were observed as compared to previous set of experiment i.e. control. Results suggested that under present experimental conditions; water extract of cassia fistula leaves exhibit reproductive activity and it may show anti-inflammatory activity in this fish model, which could further contribute to study its benefit in humans.

8 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

021334   Khanam Y;Singh Y (Laboratory of Environmental Biology, P.G. Zoology Dep, Govt. Dunger College, Bikaner, Email: Yasminkhanam7@gmail.com) : Density of proso branch snails in a pond near Bikaner, Rajasthan. Bionotes 2012, 14(3), 91.

1 table, 5 ref

021333   Khampariya P K;Singh S P (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. Autonomous College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh) : Status and feeding ecology of the chinkara in Panna forest, Panna (M.P.). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 251-4.

Chinkara or the India Gazelle is one of the most graceful animals. The forest compartments of Ajaygarh and Vishramganj range of North forest division have been visited for present observations, which were made an seasonal basis throughout the year. The present paper deals with the food habits of Chinkara they used 34 plant species as their food in Panna forest. During rains the most preferred foof is variety of grasses, where as in winter when forage conditiosn becomes worst they become browser nd in summer they feed on dry grasses along wih fallen dry leaves. During two years study tenur 47 animals were indentified and reported into various age and sex groups.

1 table, 11 ref

021332   Kasambe R (NO, , B-205, Trimurti Apartment, Tilak Nagar, Dombivli (East), Dist. Thane-421 201, Email: kasambe.raju@gmail.com) : Butterfly fauna of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Mumbai. Bionotes 2012, 14(3), 76-80.

1 table, ref

021331   Karna S K;Sahoo D K;Panda S (NO, , ) : Length-Weight Relationship (LWR), Growth estimation and Length at maturity of Eleutheronema tetradactylus in the Chilika Lagoon, India. South Asian J expl Biol 2012, 2(3), 97-102.

Attempt was made to study the length-weight relationship (LWR), growth and length at 50% maturity (L50) of Eleuthronema tetradactylus (Sahala) in Chilika lagoon, which will helpful for the future management of the stocks as well as the lagoon. For LWR study, a total of 255 fish specimens collected from April 2008 to May 2009 of which fork length (FL) and body weight (BW) were measured to the nearest 0.1cm and 0.01g respectively. The equation, y = 4E-06x3.115 found from the study where the computed condition factor (a), growth coefficient (b) and regression coefficient (r2) were 4E-06, 3.115 and 0.996 respectively. In total, 3356 number of specimen measured to study growth of the species. The estimated growth parameters found from von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) i.e., Linf(cm), K, and to were 78.1cm, 0.15, and -0.47 respectively. Logistic equations used to estimate the length at 50% maturity (L50) of a total of 68 specimens, sampled from April 2008 to May 2009. The estimated L50 was 315mmFL.

021330   Juneia M;Dubey K K;Bhandari R;Markam M S (Zoology Dep, Govt. J.S.T.P.G. College, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh) : Biological study of daba ecorace of Anthereaea mylitta in second crop season on Terminalia tomantosa in Balaghat (M.P.). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 255-6.

Daba is a polyphagus ecorace of Antheraea mylitta. This ecorace is reared in tropical moist-deciduous forest. Daba ecorace is trivoltine in nature. Life cycle is influenced by temperature and humidity. On average each egg measures 3 x 2.5 mm. Larva are tetramolter and pass through five Instar. The larval and pupal average period is based on crop season.

1 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

021329   Haresh Kumar;Kamal Singh (Zoology Dep, R.B.S. College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Email: kumarharesh83@gmail.com) : Evaluation of diazinon and Tobacco extract against cynophyllum scale, Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (Signoret) on Guava. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 170-2.

Comparative efficacy of diazinon and Nicotiano tabacum extract against armored scale, [Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (Signoret)] incidence on Psidium guajava plant, was studied in field. These insecticide and plant extract tested against the said pest on heavily infested plant of Psidium guajava orchard in different month of year. The insecticides and plant extract were sprayed on different groups of plant with knapsuck sprayer. After spray the counting of the living and dead stages of the pest has been counted by the sampling counting method. The plant product were found to be less toxic as compared to synthetic pesticide.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

021328   Gupta R;Dubey A (Zoology Dep, College of I.T. and Applied Social Sciences, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, Email: drranju2011@gmail.com) : Seasonal variations in gono-somatic index in a fresh water teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 266-8.

Development of gonads can be estimated by an index called gono-somatic index. An increase in temperature and day length is generally, followed by the onset of gonadal maturation, as indicated by an increase in the gono-somatic index, the presence of spermatocytes in the testes and vitallogenic oocytes in the ovaries. Gono-somatic index was calculated by determining the weight of gonad in relation to the body weight, the adult size of the fish, which ranges from 8 cm to 12 cm was selected. The collection of fish was made for one complete reproductive cycle. The temperature of water was also recorded at the time of collection. Fishes were brought to laboratory and their body weight and gonad weight were measured. The gono-somatic index can be calculated separately for male and female fish. It is showed by present investigation, that gono-somatic index is increasing steadily from January, reaching the peak in August-September, with a slight decline in October and thereafter, fall gradually becomes least in November. It is well known that the gono-somatic index increases with the maturation of fish, being maximum during the period of peak maturity and decline abruptly thereafter when the fish is spent.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

021327   Gangan S S;Metar S Y;Nirmale V H;Chogale N D; Balange A K;Bhalekar M S;Pai R (NO, , Khar Land Research Station, Bandar Road, Opp. Panvel Court, Panvel-410 206, Email: shardul76@rediffmail.com) : Indigenous knowledge in the management of bivalve fishery of South Konaknb coast of Maharashtra, India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2013, 12(1), 72-9.

Fishermen rely on their knowledge for their livelihood, so it has always been 'put to work' in the most practical sense. Study of the indigenous knowledge held by the fishermen will help in its recognition and preservation, besides generating important information base and pinpointing essential future research needs. The present study was conducted to gain access to the indigenous knowledge of the fishermen engaged in the bivalve fishery practiced in the region. A total of 100 fishermen constituted the sample size of the study. The data were gathered through a combination of personnel interview and non-participant observation methods. The study has documented rich, varied and potential indigenous knowledge associated with the management of the bivalve fishery. Indigenous knowledge on variety specific habitats, fishery season for bivalves, methods of their exploitation and preservation has been documented. Similarly indigenous knowledge related to preference timing and depth for bivalve exploitation, preparation of byproducts, and effect of different abiotic phenomenon on condition and availability of bivalves is noted.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

021326   Gangale D;Singh S P (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. Autonomous College, Santna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: er.k.pathak@gmail.com) : Preliminary observation on population structure of sambar and chital in Panna forest, Panna (M.P.). Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 269-70.

Sambhar (Cervus unicolor niger) is one of the largest native deer of the Indian subcontinent and of Southeast Asia. The result shows that the population status of Sambar and Chital in Panna forest is quite satisfactory and it is even increasing in some area of Panna forest due to protection and favourable habitat conditions.

3 tables, 5 ref

021325   Fatma J;Begum S;Binte Anis S (Zoology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-200 002, Email: shoeba2007@rediffmail.com) : Record of genera and species of tricgogrammatidae from different Indian states (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 7-8.

7 ref

021324   Durgesh Nandini;Raghuwanshi A;Shrivastava V K (NO, Government College, Ashta, District Sehore, Madhya Pradesh) : Life cycle, population index and feeding activities of the lime butterfly, Papilio domeleus (Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera:Papilionidae). Trends Biosci 2012, 5(1), 31-4.

Deals about the life history stages of Lime butterfly which includes larval development period, pupal period, measurements of body length of caterpillars, population index and feeding time. The larval instars i.e. 1st, Ilnd, IIIrd, IVth and Vth of Lime butterfly lasts for an average of 2.50 ± 0.32,4.07 ± 0.61,4.10 ± 0.62, 3.60 ± 0.28 and 3.71 ± 0.25 days respectively and their body length measured 4.06 ± 0.43 mm, 8.98 ± 0.62 mm, 18.61 ± 0.94 mm, 25.37 ± 0.99 mm and 35.09 ±1.45 mm respectively during different larval stages. The total larval period of Lime butterfly was observed to be 17.98 ± 2.08 days. The pupal period was 11.57 ± 0.92 days. The total development period was recorded 29.55 ± 3.06 days. During 4lh and 5th instar feeding activities was rapid in comparison to 1st and 3rd instar stages. The Lime butterflies were active in January, February, June, July and October months of the year. The percentage of survival from egg to adult was maximum in the month of June (80%) and July (80%) and was minimum (60%) in month of February.

2 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

021323   Deva Kumar D;Mahesh T C;Priyadarshini R; Jayanthi J; (Advanced Zoology and biotechnology Dep, Guru Nanak College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: mgragunathan@yahoo.com) : Restoration of phosphatases enzyme activity by psidium guajava leaf extract in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected fresh water crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 181-4.

Crab, O.senex senex was injected with P.aeruginosa (0.1 ml of 10 8 cfu/ml). After injection of bacteria the crabs were allowed to withst and for 96 hrs. After 96 hrs one group of crabs were dissected, some tissues and haemolymph were used for biochemical assays. Remaining bacterial injected crabs were treated with 0.05 ml of 80% P.gujava leaves ethanol extract (1000 ppm), after 72 hours acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in the experimental group. These result suggested that the P.guajava could combat the microbial infection by stimulating the immune response in crabs.

1 table, 24 ref

021322   Das A;Debnath B;Choudhury T G;Roy D;Saha B; Paul A (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Versova, Mumbai-400 061) : Indigenous technical knowledge for pond maintenance, fish health management and fish seed in Tripura, India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2013, 12(1), 66-71.

Traditional knowledge base rheostats the livelihood of inhabitants of Tripura. Fishers' community of the state are precisely innovative and skilful to use traditional knowledge in fish culture and its management. The study attempted at compilation and documentation of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) related to pond maintenance, fish health management and fish seed. The objective was achieved through primary survey using semi-structure interview method at village level. 160 farmers from 16 villages of four districts shared their knowledge. Study discussed traditional techniques of controlling predatory animals, unwanted fish, snake, snails, and tadpole under pond maintenance theme. Besides, study identified traditional techniques of controlling algal bloom using water hyacinth and cattle urine. Their unique practice for checking water pH was also documented. Under fish health management theme, control of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) and control of external parasite of fish was two important areas of identification. ITKs to reduce the seed mortality and susceptible measures to mitigate disease contamination during transportation also have been documented.

1 illus, 19 ref

021321   Chatterjee P;Badiye A (NO, Amity Institute of Forensic Science, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh) : Salivary agglutinis in gonds. Indian J phys Anthrop Hum Genet 2012, 31(1), 123-5.

Saliva samples collected from one hundred Gonds from Betul district of Madhya Pradesh have been analysed for the presence of salivary agglutinins. Seventeen percent of the subjects showed the presence of salivary agglutinins which is rather low as compared to the Panjabis (35.98 per cent); the percentage of individuals showing agglutinin A is slightly lower as compared to agglutinin B.

1 table, 1 ref

021320   Biswas O;Chakraborti U;Das A;Chatterjee S;Das S;Mahajan B (NO, Vidyasagar College, CL Block, Sector-II, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 091) : Lepidoptera and Araneae diversity of saltlake city, Kolkata. Bionotes 2012, 14(3), 95-6.

3 ref

021319   Bindu L (Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028, Email: bindulajapathi40@gmail.com) : Free-living protozoa and their importance in environmental biomonitoring. Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 28.

5 ref

021318   Bhattacharya K;Mondal T K;Parui P;Banerjee D (Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: dhritibanerjee@gmail.com) : Three dipteran pollinators of apple trees from Chambaghat, Himachal Pradesh. Bionotes 2012, 14(3), 90.

5 ref

021317   Basu S;Dey C;Sarkar S;Manna P (Post Graduate Studies in Zoology Dep, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Kantalpara, Naihati, West Bengal, Email: pmanna.abc@gmail.com) : Behavior of temple hanuman langur (presbytis entellus entellus) in Dakshineswar temple area of West Bengal, India. Life Sci Bull 2011, 8(2), 157-66.

Hanuman Langurs (Presbytis entellus) are widely spread across different states of India. A close observation on food habit, infanticide, grooming, home range of Hanuman Langur (Presbytis entellus entellus) in Dakshineswar temple area, located on the bank of river Hooghli (West Bengal, India) has recorded in the present study. This study was conducted on four bisexual troops of langur of that area. Some unique behavioral aspects has been documented on grooming whichreflects their peaceful cohabitation, feeding habit which varies in different season, infanticide which indicates the male langur's ferociousness and fear of losing leadership in the troop in the present work. The extent of home range depends upon the availability of food and inter- troop conflict. Child birth and allomothering have also been observed in this study. When two troops try to come closer, leader males of both the troops break into fight. Environment and seasonal changes have a great impact on their activities. Long term close proximity with human habitat has also developed a number of remarkable changes in their behavioral activities. It is felt that behavioral studies on Langur may shed some light on behavioral characters evolving document to understand gamma taxonomy and speciation.

11 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

021316   Barman J;Baruah U K;Goswami U C (Krishi Vigyan Kendra Goalpara, National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Damra Road, Dudhnoi-738 124, Email: jyotish5@gmail.com) : Indigenous techniques of catching the mud eel, Monopterus cuchia (Ham.) in Goalpara district, Assam. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2013, 12(1), 109-15.

Fishing techniques for catching the mud eel, Monopterus cuchia (Ham.) in Goalpara district, Assam was investigated during 2007-10 during the course of a base line survey conducted by the KVK Goalpara, Assam. The complexities of its habitat, behavior and life history characteristics, makes it difficult to catch the fish. Documentation on the fishing methods for catching the mud eel is scanty. This paper is an attempt to record the different technique employed traditionally by the ethnic communities of the district to catch the mud eel based on the information collected during the course of survey. The results revealed use of different wounding gears, ichthyotoxic plants, handline and traps. Wounding gears included spear, knives and sickle. Among plants, Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. and Milletia pachycarpa Benth. were used. Spindle shaped and cubical traps are commonly used by the common folks. Other method includes bunding and digging, and light fishing.

14 illus, 30 ref

021315   Ali A;Rana K S (Zoology Dep, Agra College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drarshadali@yahoo.com) : Survey of aphidophagous ladybeetles at some districts of Western Uttar Pradesh. Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 21.

5 ref

021314   Aland S R;Mamlayya A B;Bhawane G P (Zoology Dep, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Ashok Chowk, Solapur-413 006) : Weevil fauna (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) of Amba Reserved Forest, Kolhapur distt., Western Ghats. Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 19.

6 ref

021313   Aland S R;Mamlayya A B (Zoology Dep, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Ashok Chowk, Solapur-413 006) : Foraging timing in male carpenter bee, Xylocopa aestuans, in Solapur, Maharashtra. Bionotes 2012, 14(1), 25.

6 ref

021312   Akhtar M H;Usmani M K;Nayeem M R (Section of Entomology Zology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: usmanikamil94@gmail.com) : Impact of abiotic factors on population of acridoid fauna (Orthoptera) in Aligarh fort, Uttar Pradesh, India. Trends Biosci 2012, 5(1), 17-19.

A regular survey was carried out weekly during the period of January to December 2011 from Aligarh Fort to record Acridoid fauna. Their population have been compared with three abiotic factors i.e., temperature, humidity and rainfall. Altogether 29 species representing 21 genera belonging to 3 tribes, 7 subfamilies and three families have been recorded from this region. Out of 29 species Acrididae, Catantopidae and Pyrgomorphidae are represented by 14, 10 and 5 species respectively. Maximum number of specimens as well as species have been recorded in the month of August, September and October whereas minimum number of specimens and species recorded in the month of December, January and February. Acridoid population positively correlate with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity and rainfall but do not correlate with maximum relative humidity.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref