012274   Sundaresan A;Omprakash A V;Ezhilvalavan S; Pandian C (Univ Research Farm, Tamilnadi Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ (TANUVAS) Madhavaram Mil, Chennai-51) : Microscopic characteristics of emu Dromaius novaehollandiae semen collected by non-teaser method in humid tropical climate. Indian J vet Sci Biotechnol 2015, 10(4), 12-5.

A study was conducted for collection and evaluation of Emu bird semen by non teaser method. The raw semen collected from individual Emu birds was evaluated for microscopical seminal attributes. Highly significant (P<60>0.001) results were obtained and the overall mean values for mass activity, per cent motility, concentration, per cent live and abnormal spermatozoa of individual male was 3.36 ± 0.08, 74.39±0.99, 2.19±0.05 x10^{9 per ml, 87.40±0.67% and 9.15 ± 0.33% respectively. The individual males showed varied response and significant difference in seminal attributes. Creamy white thick consistency semen had significant (P≤ 0.01) seminal attributes than yellow and watery semen.}

1 table, 12 ref

012273   Sudha Devi A R;Smija M K;Latha N P (NO, Mary Matha Arts and Science College, Mananthavady-670 645, Email: arsudhadevi@gmail.com) : Fatty acid composition of the freshwater crab Travancoriana schirnerae. Fish Technol 2015, 52(4), 246-51.

This study determined the fatty acid profile of claw and body meat of adult male and female Travancoriana schirnerae, an edible freshwater crab abundant in the wetlands of Wayanad, Kerala, India. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the fatty acid profile detected totally eleven fatty acids, which include saturated (SFAs) (39.91±4.20%), mono (MUFAs) (23.45±2.46%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (36.63±0.97%). The major SFAs were arachidic (C20:0) and behenic acids (C22:0) followed by palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and myristic acids (C14:0). The MUFAs identified were palmitoleic (C16:1) and erucic (C22:1) acids and the PUFAs include linoleic acid (C18:2 ω-6), linolenic acid (C18:3 ω-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 ω-3). This study indicated that the freshwater crab T. schirnerae is a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, especially ω-3 (26.17%) and ω-6 (10.45%) essential fatty acids.

3 tables, 40 ref

012272   Sudeep A B;Mandar P;Ghodke Y K;Geroge R P; Gokhale M D (NO, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra) : Vector competence of two Indian populations of Culex quinquefasciatus (Duotera: Culicidae) mosquitoes to three West Nile virus strains. J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 185-92.

Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the principal vectors of West Nile virus (WNV). The mosquito also acts as a bridge vector as it feeds on both birds and humans. In the background of the recent reports of WNV activity in Kerala and Assam with fatalities, a study was initiated to determine the growth kinetics and transmission mechanisms of three strains of WNV in two populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mosquitoes were infected by oral feeding and growth on different post-infection days was determined with the three strains. Horizontal transmission was determined by confirming sickness and mortality in infant mice after infected mosquito bite. F₁ generation eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of experimentally infected mosquitoes were screened for WNV to determine vertical (transovarial) transmission. Trans-stadial transmission was determined by detecting WNV in adult mosquitoes emerged from infected larvae. Both the mosquito populations replicated and maintained WNV for a prolonged period with high titers (≥ 5log₁₀ PFU/ml). WNV could be detected in saliva from Days 2 to 32 post-infection. Horizontal transmission by both the populations could be established but no vertical transmission was observed. However, parenterally infected larvae transmitted WNV to adults. WNV has been isolated from <62>10 mosquito species from India, however, vector competence of none of the species has been studied. The present study demonstrates efficient transmission of WNV by Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. With its country wide prevalence and high vector competence, the mosquitoes could create grave consequences especially when virulent strains with potential to cause acute flaccid paralysis and death are circulating.

1 illus, 28 ref

012271   Solomon S G;Tiamiyu L O;Fada A;Okomoda V T (Fisheries and Aquaculture Dep, Agriculture Univ, Makurdi, Nigeria, Email: solagabriel@yahoo.co.uk) : Ovaprim dosage on the spawning performance of Cyprinus carpio. Fish Technol 2015, 52(4), 213-17.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fecundity and hatchability of common carp administered ovaprim diluted with 0.9% saline water at a ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 1:9 and 1:10 with 1:0 serving as the control. The diluted hormones were injected to brood fish at a dose of 0.5 ml kg^{-1. The study observed that latency period lasted between 8th and 11th h after hormonal administration and higher dilution levels delayed striping time compared to the control and the first two dilution levels. Cyprinus carpio did not respond to 1:9 and 1:10 dilutions of ovaprim. Consequently fecundity and hatchability decreased as the level of dilution increases. The optimum dilution of ovaprim to induce ovulation for reducing the cost of hatchery operation in common carp was found 1:5 in 0.9% normal saline. Beyond this dilution, fecundity and hatchability are greatly affected.}

2 tables, 19 ref

012270   Sohi A S;Pathania P C (Entomology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhaina-141 004, Email: pathaniapc@yahoo.co.in ) : Typhlocybine leafhopper (hemiptera : homoptera : cicadellidae: typhlocybinae) fauna associated with forest plants in India. J Insect Sci 2015, 28(1), 8-16.

Eighty-two species of typhlocybine leafhoppers belonging to 44 genera under 05 tribes of Typhlocybinae have been found aaociated with different species of forest plants in India. The species name, genera, tribe and their host plants are also provided in detail. The deial on the plant associated on different tribes are provided.

3 tables, 42 ref

012269   Singh N R;Shomorendra M;Kar D (Life Science and Bioinformatics Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: romenngasepam@yahoo.co.in) : Diversity of helminth parasite infection of the fishes of Jatinga river, Assam India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 151-9.

Fishes are one of the important elements in the economy of many nations as well as they have been a stable item in the diet of many people. Parasites (in the larval stage) consumed in uncooked or undercooked seafood can present a human health hazard. Fish disease due to helminth parasites is one of the important problems in fish culture and fish farming. The importance of the fish parasites is related directly to the importance of the fish they may affect. There is a bewildering array of fish parasites and probably all the fish species harbour one or more parasite species. A total of 988 different fishes were sacrifices during my investigation, 20 different fish species were examined for helminth parasites infection. Of these 417 fish individual belonging to 14 different fish species are found to be parasitized with a total of 283 helminth parasites. River Jatinga contribute 49 fish species under 32 genera, 17 family and 6 orders. About 14 different species of parasite groups (viz. Nematode=NT, Acanthocephalan=AC and Cestodes=CT) including two new species were recorded from Jatinga River (Table 3). The prevalence and intensity is highest in Mastacebelus armatus and Mystus cavasius respectively (59.09%, 7.2) and lowest in Tenualosa ilisha, Channa punctata and Sperata aor respectively (3.13%, 0.5, 0.5) of River Jatinga.

2 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

012268   Singh N R;Shomorendra M;Kar D (Wetlands Div, Fishery Scinence and Aquaculture, Life Science and Bioin, Assam Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: romenngasepam@yahoo.co.in) : Role of certaion physico-chemical properties of water on abundance of trematode parasites of Channa punctata (Bloch) in sone beel, Assam India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 105-12.

Helminth parasite infection in fishes by trematode (Liver fluke : Parasitic flatworms having external suckers for attaching to a host) parasites can lead to severe change in nutrient content and may result in host mortalities and character of a water body may influence the parasitic fauna. Hence a study was carried out from January 2014 to December 2014 to find out the effect of physico-chemical characteristics of water on the abundance of trematode parasites of Channa punctata (Bloch) in Sone Beel, Assam, India. During the present investigation two species of trematodes were recorded. In the present study we had come across concurrent infections by two parasite species. Percentage abundance infection is positively correlated to pH (r = 0.688, p<60>0.05), Dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) (r = 0.847, p<60>0.01) and Water Temperature (WT) (r = 0.720, p<60>0.01) but negatively correlated with Total Alkalinity (TA), Dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) is positively correlated with pH (r = 0.668, p<60>0.05), Free carbon dioxide (FCO₂) is also positively correlated with pH ( r = 0.763, p<60>0.001), & Dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L) at r = 0.615, p<60>0.01, TA mg/L is negatively correlated with free carbon dioxide and water temperature strongly correlated with percentage abundance (r = 0.720, p<60>0.01), pH (r = 0.863, p<60>0.01), DO (0.808, p<60>0.15), FCO2 (r = 0.669, p<60>0.05) and negatively correlated with TA. The mean Abundance, Water temperature (WT), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO mg/L), free carbon dioxide (FCO2 mg/L) and Total alkalinity (TA mg/L) respectively 60.15%, 27.3°C, 6.7, 5.3 mg/L, 12.2 mg/L and 44.43 mg/L. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of these, parasites are also effected by certain ecological conditions, particularly distribution of intermediate hosts and also the age of the host and the life cycle of the parasite species.

5 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

012267   Singh N K;Gautam A K (Anatomy Dep, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna-800 014, Email: drvnishgautam@gmail.com) : Gross and histopathological studies on kidney of Japanese quail (Coturnixcoturnix japonica). Indian J vet Sci Biotechnol 2015, 10(4), 40-3.

Investigation was undertaken to study the incidence and nature of disorders in kidney of different age groups of Japanese quail. Out of three hundred two birds, 127 quails showed alterations in their kidneys, 25 had changes of hyperaemia prominent in cortex than medullary region with one or more cysts. Thirty one quails had shown changes of haemorrhages whereas 48 showed changes of nephritis and 20 had the changes of acute interstitial nephritis. Remaining birds were found normal except mild swelling.

4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

012266   Singh J (Zoology Dep, Baring Union Christian College, Batala-143 505, Email: doctorjatinder@yahoo.com) : In vitro effect of neem leaf extract on the various organ-systems of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 161-8.

In vitro effect of the leaf extract of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica : Family-Meliaceae) is tested on Haemonchus contortus for its nematicidal properties relating to the motility, mortality and histomorphology of various organ-systems of the parasite. The changes are seen mainly in the cuticle involving peeling and etching of the upper layer. The bounding membranes of some internal organs are also affected. The flattening of muscle cells resulting in their detachment from the cuticle is significant. In the anterior region, the cuticle has undergone deep infoldings. The extract gives good results for control of this highly pathogenic parasite. Subsequently the effect of Neem leaf extract will be tested under in vivo conditions, too.

9 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

012265   Sharma S;Patel P V;Choudhary D;Asopa S; Manohar M S (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, College of Veterinary Science & A.H. AAU, Anand, Gujarat-388 001, Email: drsharmasubhash@gmail.com) : Seasonal variation of helmintic infestation in goats in Anand district of Gujarat. Indian J vet Sci Biotechnol 2015, 10(4), 57-9.

The results of the present study revealed that monsoon season is most favourable for helminth infestation in Goat in Anand District of Gujarat. Trichostrongylus spp was recorded at peak followed by Trichuris spp.

1 table, 10 ref

012264   Saxena N;Dube K;Patiyal R S;Tiwari V K (NO, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Email: nehapnr@gmail.com) : Meristic and morphometric differentiation in wild populations of Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton 1807) from Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India. Fish Technol 2015, 52(4), 205-12.

In this study, differentiation in the morphological traits of an important ornamental cyprinid fish, Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) was investigated. A total of 134 individuals were collected from River Gaula and Kosi between November 2013 to March 2014 in Uttarakhand region of Central Himalaya; 6 meristic and 24 morphometric characteristics were recorded for each specimen. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for differentiating the population. 16 significant morphometric variables (p<60>0.001) were considered for multivariate analysis. The principal component (PC) for 16 morphometric variables generated seven components accounting for 71.84% of the total variation between the populations. First principal component alone accounted for 35.24% of total variation. The step wise discriminant analysis retained one factor showing highest variation in body depth, length of pectoral fin, dorsal fin base length, sub orbital width, head length and snout length. Using these variables, 82.7% of individuals were retained into their original groups (82.7% under a 'leave-one-out' procedure). This study hypothesizes that the phenotypic variation between these close populations could be attributed to environmental and genetic factors.

1 illus, 5 tables, 41 ref

012263   Saxena A D;Undirwade S C;Devi S;Padhiyar A P; Panchasara H H (Veterinary Medicine, TVCSC Dep, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry SD Agricultural Uni, Saradarkrushinagar, Gujarat-385 506) : Efficacy of doramectin against sarcoptic mange in camels. Indian J vet Sci Biotechnol 2015, 10(4), 60-2.

A total of four camels aged between seven to eight years were presented to the College Clinics with a history of inappetance and intense itching around neck, inguinal and perineal regions. Based on skin scrapping examination and clinical signs, mange infestation of Sarcoptes scabei was confirmed. Successful therapeutic management was done with the use of doramectin @ 0.2 mg/ kg b.wt. s/c along with supportive therapy. Complete recovery and disappearance of mites from skin scrapping was noticed for all four camels after four weeks.

2 tables, 11 ref

012262   Sankarappan A;Chellapandian B;Vimalanathan A P;Mani K;Sundaram D;Muthukalingan K (Environmental Biotechnology Dep, harathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli) : Vector ecology of human schistosomiasis in south India and description of a new species of the genus Ferrissia(Mollusca:Gastropoda:Planorbidae). J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 201-07.

Vector ecology and taxonomy of snails is a prerequisite for controlling schistosomiasis in the tropics. The ecology of the freshwater limpet genus Ferrissia was investigated for detection of cercariae larvae in them, and taxonomic description of a new species of the genus Ferrissia. This study was conducted in 15 perennial streams from five different hills of south India. To study the seasonal patterns, a stream from each hill was selected and sampled in three seasons. In each study site, triplicate sampling was done and specimens were collected from stream substrates as well as waste material submerged in stream. Microscopic examination was carried out for detecting cercariae larvae in limpets. Three freshwater limpets (F. tenuis, F. verruca and F. fivefallsiensis) were observed. Seasonality influenced the abundance of limpets. The highest abundance was observed during post-monsoon (December and January). The distribution of Ferrissia was observed at riffle in pebbles, leaf litter and wastes (polyethylene bags and snacks cover) submerged in water. No cercariae larvae were found from the body of limpets. In this study, we described a new species of Ferrissia fivefallsiensis. The results showed the distribution, habitat preference and seasonality of limpets, and recommend the detection of Schistosoma from limpets as well as human samples by use of molecular tools.

6 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

012261   Sahu K R;Shukla B C;Thakur B S;Patil S K; Saxena R R (Indira Gandhi Agriculture Univ, S G College of Agriculture and Research station, Jagdalpur-494 005, Email: khoobi_ento@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on seasonal abundance of lepidopteran insect pests on cashew in Chhattisgarh, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 113-23.

Cashew (Anacardium occidantale L.) is dollar earning crop of India. But, production of raw nut is ' not fulfilling the requirement of the processing industries. There are various factors responsible for low yield in cashew, in which the insect pest problem is major one. Rai (1984) has listed 21 species of lepidopterans as leaf feeders of cashew. To study the seasonal occurrence of leaf feeding lepidopteran insect pests a survey was conducted at S.G. College of Agriculture & Research Station, IGKV, Jagdalpur (C.G.) during 2007 and 2008 in randomly selected trees in cashew plantation in the surrounding areas of District Bastar (Chhattisgarh) and their intensities in forest plantation were recorded at weekly intervals by placing a frame of 1.0 sq. m area on the tree canopy on all the four sides. The leaf caterpillar damage (33.14% mean damage) was noticed throughout the year with relatively higher damage during November-December. The leaf folder was observed (17.14% mean damage) round the year with maximum in November to January. The leaf miner mean damage was observed (9.20%) almost throughout with the peak in November. The leaf and blossom webber appeared (1.54% mean damage) as minor pest but its damage was seen almost round year, while, some insect pests present in cashew plantation as minor pests which were: inflorescence caterpillar (0.28% mean damage) observed during reproductive stage, semilooper appeared intermittently with peak (0.06 numbers) in November-December, slug caterpillar appeared in spring and cooler season. In natural enemies, spiders were prevalent (0.59 mean population) throughout the year feeding upon thrips and lepidopteran larvae. The maximum temperature and evaporation influenced negatively the leaf caterpillar damages; while, relative humidity and vapour pressure (II) had positively correlated. Leaf folder damage was negatively influenced with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind velocity and evaporation; whereas, relative humidity correlated positively. The maximum temperature and evaporation negatively correlated with leaf miner; while, relative humidity and vapour pressure (I) influenced positively. Leaf & Blossom Webber damage was correlated negatively with maximum temperature, evaporation and bright sunshine (hours); while relative humidity influenced positively. The activity of Inflorescence caterpillar was positively influenced with maximum temperature and evaporation; whereas, relative humidity (morning and evening) were negatively correlated. The maximum temperature had significant negative contribution and the vapour pressure (I) had highly significant positive contribution of 31% towards percentage damage of leaf caterpillar. The 33% variation in leaf folder damage was contributed significantly negatively by maximum temperature and significantly positively by evaporation; while, 27% variation contributed positively by rainy days.

5 tables, 20 ref

012260   Sadanandan M A (Zoology PG & Research Dep, Malabar Christian College, Calicut-673 001, Email: manithals@yahoo.co.in) : Survey on the diversity of predatory mites (family : phytoseiidae) on medicinal plants in Kozhikode and Wayanad districts of Kerala, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 21-3.

The Phytoseiid mites harbouring various species of medicinal plants were collected by making extensive survey in Kozhikode and Wayanad districts of Kerala during a period of 9 months i.e. from April 2014 to December 2014. The survey yielded 11 species of predatory mites belonging to 3 genera viz. Amblyseius, Eusieus and Neoseiulus under the suborder Mesostigmata.

1 table, 6 ref

012259   Revathi K;Adeline J (Zoology PG and Research Dep, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Email: reva63@rediffmail.com) : Antioxidant activity for free radical scavenging in Caesalpinia sappan with leaf extracts. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 1-5.

Plants are the natural source provided by our nature. Nature has bestowed us with numerous of herbal medicines as they synthesis with therapeutic experiences of generations for practicing medicines for over hundreds of years. More than 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs. In this research paper investigations were carried out using the leaf extracts of Caesalpinia sappan. Five major solvents were used namely ethanol, acetone, aqueous, chloroform and petroleum ether. Antioxidant activity was carried out for scavenging free radicals using DPPH method using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Further, the results concluded that maximum amount of antioxidant activity was found in ethanol extracts followed by the other solvents. Thus the leaf extracts of Caesalpinia sappan had the high quality of possessing the antioxidant activity.

3 tables, 13 ref

012258   Raw S K (Zoology Dep, D.N. Singh College, Bhusia Rajaun T.M. Bhagalpur Univ, Bhagalpur-812 007, Email: poddar2020@gmail.com) : On correlation coefficient of physico-chemical properties with zooplankton population of ancient Thana Pokhar of Mugal period Rajaun, Lbanka district (Bihar). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 37-40.

The present investigation attempts to study correlation coefficient of physico-chemical property viz. Temp., pH, DO, CO₂, Transparency, Total hardness, Silica, Phosphate, Nitrate and Total zooplankton from the Thana Pokhar Rajaun (Bihar). A study on water quality was conducted for one year and correlation coefficient was worked out for all possible properties, significant linear relation among Zooplankton population and physico-chemical properties was observed.

2 tables, 12 ref

012257   Rajvanshi S (Science Dep, Kampala International School of Ugenda, Kampala, Uganda, Email: shubhra_rajvanshi@gmail.com) : Noctuidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Muzaffarnagar from upper Indo-Gangetic plain. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 89-94.

A survey conducted for the collection of Noctuidae from Upper Indo-Gangetic plain, Muzaffarnagar, in particular, the survey resulted into a record collection of 47 noctuid species represented by 36 genera and 13 subfamlies. The present attempt has been first of its type. Hampson (1892 & 1894) have used for determination of noucid species including Arctiidae and Lymphatidae as subfamilies of Noctuidae. The noctuids reported from Varanasi and Palamau ecosystems have also been compared with the noctuids recorded from Upper Indo-Gangetic plain ecosystem together with their food plants. The Catocalinae remain dominant and rich. Spodoptera lilura (Fabr.) assessed being recorded in all 3 ecosystems. Noteworthy, have been the determination of synonyms of the noctuid species, and revision of subfamily placement by British Museum.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

012256   Pawade M M;Budhe S D (Veterinary Microbiology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udgir.Dist: Latur, Email: mrunalinibudhe@yahoo.co.in) : Isolation, identification, serotyping and antibiotic resistance pattern of salmonella isolated from fecal samples of kites. Indian J vet Sci Biotechnol 2015, 10(4), 16-8.

Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen of economic importance. The present study was carried out to investigate serotypes and drug resistance pattern of Salmonella isolated from fecal samples of kites. Out of 40 fecal samples screened, only 3 samples were found positive for Salmonella. All the 3 isolates were studied for their antibiotic sensitivity pattern employing disc diffusion technique using commercial antibiotic discs. In vitro Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these Salmonella isolates against 11 antibiotics revealed highest sensitivity towards chloramphenicol, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin followed by neomycin, cefotaxime, ofloxacin norfloxacin and amoxyclav. The organisms were found resistant towards streptomycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin. The present findings indicate that the kites may harbor organisms like Salmonella which may pose human health hazards.

9 ref

012255   Pandey S;Das M K;Singh R K;Dhiman R C (National, Institute of Malaria Research, Ranchi) : Anopheline mosquitoes in District Ramgarh, Jharkhand, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 232-8.

Jharkhand is one of the highly malaria endemic states in India and experiencing vast ecological and human-induced changes over the years. These changes have provided more favourable conditions for malaria transmission in the region. The present study was carried out to find out the distribution and prevalence of anopheline vector and non-vector species in District Ramgarh of Jharkhand state. Daytime indoor resting adult female anopheline mosquitoes were collected from four subcentres comprising of eight study villages in District Ramgarh. The collections were made from fixed as well as random human dwellings and cattlesheds on fortnightly basis using manual aspiration method from January to December 2012. Mosquito identification was done by using standard identification keys. A total of 18,875 anophelines belonging to 19 species were collected. Of these, 61.87% were vector species (An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis and An. annularis). Of total vector collection, 57.44% was observed in Gola block and 42.55% in Ramgarh. An. culicifacies was predominant species followed by An. fluviatilis and An. annularis in the study area. Out of 19, eight anopheline species exhibited successional changes in their composition over the period of years. Statistical analysis revealed positive correlation between meteorological variables and man hour density in case of An. culicifacies, whereas these were negatively correlated in case of An. fluviatilis and An. annularis. The study revealed the prevalence of three recognised malaria vector species (An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis and An. annularis) in high density throughout the year in this area, which indicates possibility of widening of malaria transmission window in the presence of malaria parasites. The shifting of anopheline species in Ramgarh also indicate alteration in ecological, environmental and sociological conditions, which necessitate routine monitoring on ecology and successional changes of vector species as well as malariological survey for management and adoption of appropriate vector control strategies in this area.

1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

012254   Nimisha P;Sheeba S (Zoology Dep, PSMO College, Tirurangadi-676 306, Email: nimisha_anjanam@yahoo.com) : Study of benthic fauna in Canoli canal in relation to environemtal parameters, Thrissur district, Kerala. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 41-6.

The aim of this study is to document the distribution and abundance of benthic animals and physicochemical parameters of water in three selected stations of Canoli canal. The study provides the preliminary details of the benthic fauna. Benthic production is of importance in assessing the biological productivity and demersal fishery of that region. So the baseline data generated from this investigation will be of much use in all future assessment.

4 tables, 9 ref

012253   Nagpal B N; (NO, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi) : Control of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the vectors of dengue and chikungunya, by using pheromone C21 with an insect growth regulator:Results of multicentric trials from 2007-12 in India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 224-31.

Aedes mosquito control has gained much importance nowadays in view of rise in number of reported cases of dengue and chikungunya in India and other countries. In the present study, C21 attracticide (containing a pheromone and an insect growth regulator-IGR, developed by Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India was tested for its feasibility for surveillance and control of Aedes mosquito in a multicentric mode from October 2007 to June 2012 in urban (Delhi, and Bengaluru district, Karnataka) and suburban (Alappuzha district, Kerala) settings of the country in three phases. Across the randomly selected households in each study area, two to four containers treated with attracticide (experimental) and untreated (control) were placed and monitored by trained surveillance workers on weekly/ fortnightly basis for determining the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae. Container positivity, percent larvae, egg and pupae collected were determined during different phases and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0. Container positivity was found statistically significant at Bengaluru and Alappuzha, Kerala while in Delhi, it was found non-significant. Eggs collected from experimental containers were significantly higher in comparison to control at all the locations except Delhi. Also larvae collected from control containers were significantly higher at all the locations except Bengaluru. Pupae collected from control containers remained significantly higher at all the locations as no pupal formation was recorded from experimental containers. The use of C21 attracticide hampered pupal formation, thus inhibiting adult population in the study areas. The study established that C21 attracticide was efficacious in the field conditions and has potential for use in surveillance and management of dengue and chikungunya mosquitoes.

3 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

012252   Minu P;Shaju S S;Souda V P;Usha B;Ashraf P M; Meenakumari B (NO, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, P.O. Matsyapuri, Cochin-682 029, Email: ashrafp2008@gmail.com) : Hyperspectral variability of phytoplankton blooms in coastal waters off Kochi, South-eastern Arabian sea. Fish Technol 2015, 52(4), 218-27.

Ocean colour radiometry offers cost-effective, frequently acquired synoptic data pertaining to phytoplankton biomass in surface waters and is of considerable value in monitoring and better understanding of algal blooms. Algal blooms have occur frequently in coastal waters resulting in severe negative impacts to local marine ecosystems and communities. Remote sensing reflectance [R_rs(λ)] and absorption coefficients of phytoplankton blooms were measured in coastal waters off Kochi, Southeastern Arabian Sea, to investigate differences in the absorption and reflectance of different types of blooms. Peaks of the R_rs(λ) spectra of Trichodesmium spp. bloom were at 490 nm, while those of nonbloom areas were 482, 560 and 570 nm. The absorption maximam of phytoplankton were at 435, 437, 438 and 439 nm in the blue region and 632, 674, 675 and 635 nm in the red region respectively for Trichodesmium spp., Chaetoceros spp., Dinophysis spp. and Prorocentrum spp. blooms. The study showed that the variation of a_ph(λ) with Chl a dominates the behavior of the R_rs(λ) peak in these blooms.

5 illus, 20 ref

012251   Mandal G P (Aptergota Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata-700 053, Email: gpmandal.zsi@gmail.com) : First records of collembola (Hexapoda) from Bhagwan birsa biological park, Ranchi. J Insect Sci 2015, 28(1), 111-3.

The present communication is based on a survey conducted during November-December, 2012. Altogether 5 species of Collembola belonging to 4 families have been recorded in this study, from different habitats of the Biological Park. All the species are recorded for the first time from this area.

4 ref

012250   Kaur K;Kocher D K (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: kamaltiwana3300@gmail.com) : Effect of water salinity and pH on survival and developmental period of aedes mosquito. J Insect Sci 2015, 28(1), 153-7.

Aedes species breed in peridomestic and other small water collections including desert coolers and transmit the dengue fever. Two important parameters of habitat i.e. pH and salinity play a very important role in the development and survival of mosquitoes. Fifteen 1st instar larvae of Aedes (in triplicate) were exposed to different saline concentrations i.e. NaCl @ 0 (control), 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 ppt and different pH solutions @ 7.0 (control), 6.0, 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0. Aedes larvae showed 100% mortality within 24 hours at high concentrations of NaCl i.e. 9 and 10 ppt and at high acidity (pH 3.0), while at lower salinity (5 to 8 ppt of NaCl) and at pH 4.0 larvae showed significant delay in the developmental stages. No pupal formation was recorded in any of the NaCl treated set. Variation in water pH was found to have no effect on pupal duration and adult emergence. Adult female Aedes were found to live longer than the males in control as well as pH treated sets.

5 tables, 18 ref

012249   Joshi R;Kirti J S;Singh N (Agriculture Dep, Baba Farid College, Bathinda-151 001, Email: joshiarctiidae@gmail.com) : First record of genus Cernyia bucsek (lepidoptera : erebidae : arctiinae) from India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 133-5.

Cernyia pseudocretacea Holloway has been reported for the first time from India. It also represents the first report of genus from India.

7 illus, 3 ref

012248   Goel S C;Gupta S K;Gupta D (NO, Uttar Pradesh Zoological Society, 97-B Sriramkrupa, New Mandi, Muzaffarnagar-251 001, Email: upzsdrscg@yahoo.co.in) : Orthoptera (insecta) from Muzaffarnagar, a Terai district in north-west of upper Indo-Gangetic plain, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 7-13.

The grasshoppers and locusts together with nymphs are the destructive insect defoliating the uncultivated and cultivated green vegetations and belong to the superfamily Acridoidea under Orthoptera (Insecta). The present study has been undertaken to characterize the Orthopteran insects of Muzaffarnagar in particular, situated as a part of north-west of Upper Indo-Gangetic plain, located at the base of Himalayan and Shivalik ranges. This part has been recorded with 33 species under 26 genera from 14 subfamilies and 08 families. A few species like Acrida exaltata, Trilophida annualata, Aiolopus thalassimmus tamulus, Hieroglyphus banian, Oxya velox and sorted out in common north of Himachal Pradesh to deep south up to Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. Perhaps the reason had been that these remain tolerant to change in climatology like monsoon rain, and physiography of soil to lay their eggs in large number. It has been concluded that these phototaxic species are reported from every part of Uttar Pradesh.

1 table, 27 ref

012247   Goel S C;Chandra K;Kushwaha S (NO, , Uttar Pradesh Zoological Society 97-B Sriramkurpa, New Mandi, Muzaffarnagar-251 001, Email: upzsdrscg@yahoo.co.in) : Phylogenetic consideration of pentatomoid families (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 135-46.

Pentatomoidea is one of the largest superfamily in suborder Hetroptera. The survey includes 38 species under 30 genera belonging to 9 families of the Superfamily Pentatomoidea. The antennae are 5-segmented, hence, are called Pentatomomorph. Based on the size of the mesoscutellum, discussed a reliable tool to determine the primitive family character and its withdrawal in size has been treated as specialized character. Thereby, treating the family Scutelleridae and Plataspidae at the base of the phylogenetic relationship. Thorax and its appendages are also helpful to support the myth. The detailed study of pretarsal components is first time treatment to establish status and family placement. The present report further provides another biostatistical information on grouping within the Pentatomoidea.

14 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

012246   Dandawate R R (Zoology Dep, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sonai-414 105, Email: d_rajendra2006@rediffmail.com) : Circomoncobothrium kopargaonensis N.SP. from freshwater fish Clarias batrachus (Jerdon 1849) from Godavari river at Kopargaon, district Ahmednagar, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 67-70.

The present study deals survey of cestode parasites from freshwater fishes like clarias batrachus (Jerdon, 1849) from Godavari river at Kopargaon in district Ahmednagar during April 2012 to December 2013. The present communication deals with the new species kopargaonensis from the genus Circomoncobothrium is having scolex is large, pear shaped, Cirrus pouch placed in anterior half of the segment, obliquely placed, submarginally oval in shape, opens at the distal end by a common genital pore, ovary is distinctly bilobed, large in size transversely placed near the posterior margin of the segment, vitellaria are follicular and cortically arranged placed in a line pre-ovarian.

1 illus, 6 ref

012245   Chanda S;Saha L M;Singh W S;Nirmal Kumar S (NO, Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Berhampore-742 101, Email: saha.lalmohan@rediffmail.com) : Comparative performance of bivoltine foundation crosses to be used as male components for production of multi x BI DFLs. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 53-62.

Reproductive parameters vi:. pupal survival percentage, pairing efficiency, recovery of disease free layings both in number and by weight, number of eggs per gram, fecundity and hatching percentage were studied among the Multi x Bi combinations of M.Con.4 and M6D(P)C with four bivoltine foundation crosses (PCs) vi:. [D6(P)N x SK4(C)], (Gen3 x BHR2),(B.Con.4 x B.Con.l) and (SK6 x SK7) which were used as source of male components. Pupal survival percentage >70% in case of all of the bivoltine FC breeds during the most unfavourable season (July-Aug.) of eastern part of India assures that foundation crosses can be reared in unfavourable seasons in tropical zones of India. Significant variation (P<60>0.05) in recovery both in percentage and weight among all combinations of M.Con.4 and M6D(P)C with males moths of [D6(P)N x SK4C], (Gen3 x BHR2), (B.Con.4 x B.Con.l) and (SK6 x SK.7) were perceived during this study. Number of eggs per gram also showed significant difference (P<60>0.05) among different crosses. Evaluation of all reproductive parameters were conducted by following Mano's Evaluation Index and it has been observed that [D6(P)N x SK4C] can be considered as the source of most competent male moths for production of Multi x Bi eggs under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The males of B.Con.4 x B.Con.l can be utilized as second option for production of quality Multi x Bi DFLs in combination with,.females of multivoltine breed, M6D(P)C under high temperature and high humidity condition.

5 tables, 26 ref

012244   Chakravarthy A K;Muniyappa C;Kammar V; Bhattacharyya A (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Agriculturalt Sciences Univ, Bangalore-560 065, Email: chakravarthyakshay@gmail.com) : Effect of tebufenozide - a moult inducing growth regulator on the fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera hubner larvae (noctuidae : lepidoptera). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 25-32.

An attempt was made with an insect growth regulator, Tebufenozide (RH-5992) for determining the effect on fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. Tebufenozide is an ecdysterone agonist that induced moulting processes in newly born and fourth instar larvae of the test insect. In newly born H. armigera larvae, RH-5992 at 0.10 ppm to 5.00 ppm influenced larval weight, mortality as well as pupal weight in a dose-dependent manner. In newly born larvae, the average larval weight after 7 days was 64.46 ± 2.82 mg, maximum average larval weight was 325.63 ± 7.16 mg and average pupal weight was 197.47 ± 15.36 mg at 0.10 ppm. Tebufenozide was also fed to the fourth instar H. armigera larvae at 1.00 ppm to 20.00 ppm, resulting in maximum larval weight of 468.55 ± 19.6 mg at 1.00 ppm and average pupal weight of 188.45 ± 15.4 mg at 1.00 ppm, but at 20 ppm, pupation did not take place, since 100% larval mortality occurred on the 7th day. This study established that 10 to 20 ppm doses of insect growth regulator, RH-5992 induced moulting and disrupted moulting processes. Histopathological effects of Tebufenozide at the light microscopic level in the fourth instar larvae showed completely disrupted peritrophic membrane and lost compactness of columnar cells. At electron microscopic level the midgut showed completely disrupted peritrophic membrane.

4 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

012243   Binoy C;Sadavandan M A (Zoology PG & Research Dep, Malabar Christian College, Calicut-673 001, Email: binoybijoy619@gmail.com) : Feeding biology of predatory mite Euseius alstoniae (Gupta, 1975) (Family: Phytoseiidae) in red spider mite Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) infesting Moringa oleifera Lam.. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 147-50.

Mite species belonging to family Phytoseiidae are efficient biocontrol agents of phytophagous mites as well as other phytophagous insects. Controlled experiments were conducted to study the suitability and efficacy of E. alstoniae as a predator on T. neocaledonicus. The current findings showed that the adult female predator efficiently preyed upon on different stages of pest mite suggesting E. alstoniae as a potential biocontrol agent for their augmentive release in controlling phytophagous RSM infesting Moringa leaves

1 table, 6 ref

012242   Behera S;Monlisa Devi L;Laishram Monlisa Devi;Sanjeev Kumar;Gogoi R;Samanta P;Jomang O;Baksi S (Fisheries Resource Management Dep, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal Univ of Animal and Fishery Sc, 5, Budherhat Road, Chakgaria, P.O. Panchasayar, Kolkata-700 094, Email: sanjeevshark@gmail.com) : External sexual characteristics and gonado-somatic index for determining the breeding season of Anabas testudineus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(1), 15-20.

The present study attempts to understand the breeding season of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) collected from natural environment of Mohanpur in West Bengal. The fishes were length range of 100 to 160 mm and in the weight range of 15 to 62 gm. The total length of male Anabas was 107.6 ± 6.8 to 132.0 ± 8 mm and in female was 109.4 ± 5.68 to 154.5 ± 3.41 mm. The weight of the male fish was 13.6 ± 4.15 to 33.75 ± 4.67 gm and in female was 27.6 ±7.16 to 64.0 ± 2.5 gm. The length of the testes was found different and which was varying from 12.06 ± 0.95 mm to 22 7 ± 1.70 mm. The weight of the testes was increasing from 0.134 ± 0.04 gm in March to 1.52 ± 0.64 gm in June. The length of the ovary in different body size varied from 13.6 ± 2.04 mm to 35.5 ± 2.38 mm. The weight of the ovary increased from 0.81 ± 0.81 in March to 4.72 ± 0.40 gm in June. The Gonado Somatic Index (GnSl) showed increasing with the approach of breeding season i.e. 0.16 ± 0.05 to 2.518 ± 0.21. During the spawning period, length and weight of fish, length of the gonad, weight of the gonad and the GnSI were found gradually increasing upto peak breeding season (May and June).

3 tables, 19 ref

012241   Behera P;Sharma D R (Entomology and Fruit Science Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: priyadarshini.behera18@gmail.com) : Comparative structure and morphometry of hind-leg of different aphid species on various fruit crops. J Insect Sci 2015, 28(1), 39-43.

The study was based on field samples of six aphid species collected from three fruit crops namely citrus, peach and pear. The structure and morphometric data of hind-leg were compared in case of 4th nymphal instar and alate adults. In fourth instar nymph, the maximum length of hind-leg was observed in T. aurantii on citrus and in case of alate adult it was maximum in M. persicae on peach. Aphis gossypii had minimum length of hind-leg both in aptera and alate.

2 tables, 9 ref

012240   Bede-Fazekas A ;Trajer A (Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Corvinus Univ of Budapest, Budapest) : Potential urban distribution of Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi and Phlebotomus neglectus Tonn.(Diptera:Psychodidae) in 2021-50 in Budapest, Hungary. J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 213-18.

In the Carpathian Basin, the most northern populations of Phlebotomus (sandfly) species, including the two studied species (Phlebotomus mascittii and Phlebotomus neglectus), are reported from central Hungary. The most important limiting factor of the distribution of Phlebotomus species in the region is the annual minimum temperature which may be positively affected by the urban heat island and the climate change in the future. The main objective of the study is to prove and predict the overwintering possibility of Phlebotomus species in urban environment. Based on the latest reports of occurrence of sandfly species, climate envelope model was built for the period 1961-90 and 2025-50 to project the potential urban distribution of the species. The climatic data were obtained from RegCM regional climate model and MODIS satellite images. The recent occurrence of the species in central Hungary indicates that Phlebotomus species can overwinter in non-heated shelters in built environment. Jointly heat island and the increase of minimum temperature in winter due to climate change seem to be able to provide suitable environment for the studied species in urban areas to a great extent.

3 illus, 31 ref

012239   Azmi S A;Das S;Chatterjee S (Parasitology and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Burdwan UnivBurdwan, ) : Seasonal prevalence and blood meal analysis of filarial vector Cules quinquefasciatus in coastal areas of Digha, West Bengal, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 252-6.

Filariasis is one of the major vector-borne diseases causing serious health problem in the tropics and subtropics. The coastal areas of Digha are known to be a filariasis prone region of West Bengal, India. The filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the established filarial vector in West Bengal, India. The present work was aimed to determine the abundance of different mosquito species; and the frequency, distribution and blood meal analysis of Cx. quinquefasciatus in coastal areas of Digha. During the present study, a total of 11,537 mosquitoes [Cx. quinquefasciatus, Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles barbirostris, An. annularis, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, Aedes albopictus, and Cx. vishnui (group)] were collected by hand collection method from human habitations and cattlesheds of 10 villages of Digha, West Bengal, India. The seasonal prevalence of Cx. quinquefasciatus was studied. In each season, blood meals of 300 Cx. quinquefasciatus collected from human habitations were analysed during the study period. Cx. quinquefasciatus was found to be the dominant species (88.44% of the total collection) in the study area. It was most frequently found in and around human habitations than cattlesheds. Total man hour density calculation revealed that this species was most prevalent during the rainy season. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus varied with different seasons. Blood meal analysis showed that the filarial vector preferred human blood than that of other animals. This study suggested Cx. quinquefasciatus as the dominant mosquito species in the study area; and the anthropophilic nature of Cx. quinquefasciatus might be the reason of increase in the intensity of filarial transmission in coastal areas of Digha.

6 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

012238   Airi M;Sagandeep Kaur (Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh) : Confirmation of Culex (Culex) tritaeniothynchus summorosus(Diptera:Culicidae) as a separate species. J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 219-23.

Culex tritaeniorhynchus, a member of Cx. vishnui subgroup, is an important vector of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus summorosus considered as a variety or subspecies of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, has been studied in detail to settle its taxonomic status. Surveys for the collection of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from Chandigarh and adjoining areas have established the availability of Cx. summorosus from this area. For the present investigation, collections have been made from Chandigarh and its adjoining areas (up to 60 km) for procuring the material. The detailed morphology including scanning electron microscopy of immatures (eggs and larvae) and adults of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. summorosus has been studied and compared. Further, the interbreeding experiments of the two species were also conducted and efforts had been made to allow crossbreeding among the members of these two species. Comparison of egg, larval and adult morphology of Cx. summorosus with the parental species Cx. tritaeniorhynchus under the light and electron microscope, revealed significant differences. Moreover, these two species have also been found to be reproductively isolated as indicated by laboratory experiments. This settles the controversy on the status of Cx. summorosus and confirms its status as a distinct species. Interpretation & conclusion: The study establishes that the two species show considerable number of differences which are sufficient to consider them as separate species rather than subspecies or variant of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Furthermore, the absence of interbreeding between these two again confirms their separate specific status according to biological species concept. But, it is yet to ascertain whether Cx.summorosus is a vector of Japanese encephalitis like Cx. tritaeniorhynchus or not.

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

011041   Tembhare D R (NO, Dhote Bandhu Science College, Gondia, Maharashtra, Email: dharna.bisen@gmail.com) : Seasonal study of physico-chemical parameters of Kalisarar dam reservoir of Gondia district. Asian J Anim Sci 2015, 10(1), 14-19.

The precipitation which is the main source of water gets contaminated as soon as it reaches on the earth's surface. During its flow anthropogenic activities in the surrounding area add further impurities in it. Flow of rivers become impeded and are regulated due to construction of dam. This brings about changes in abiotic and biotic factors compared to untamed rivers. The response of each river to dam differs. The present study was aimed to analyze the physico-chemical parameters of the Kalisarar dam reservoir carried out from the month of June 2012-May 2013. The sampling stations were divided by a measurable distance and samples were collected every month. The parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and turbidity were analysed. The paper highlights the condition of the reservoir in various seasons with respect to parameters mentioned above.

6 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

011040   Singh A A;Nanda S;Moharana N K;Priyadarsini S (Aquaculture P.G Dep, College of Fisheries (O.U.A.T.), Rangailunda, Berhampur, Odisha, Email: saumyendra.nanda@rediffmail.com) : Comparative study on the effect of ovaprim and wova-FH on induced breeding response on Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Asian J Anim Sci 2015, 10(1), 64-8.

Present investigation was carried out for comparative evaluation of two commonly used synthetic hormones ovaprim and Wova-FH on induced breeding response of Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Both the hormones are administered at a rate of 0.2,0.3 and 0.4 ml/kg body weight of the fish to find out their effect on breeding response, latency period, quantity of eggs released, fertilization and hatching rate. The study reveals that, both the inducing agents administered at a rate of 0.4 ml/kg body weight to Anabas testudineus resulted with complete spawning. The fertilization and hatching percentages were reported to be more when brooders are administered with ovaprim than that of Wova-FH. The study further indicates a strong correlation to exist between the doses of ovaprim with egg output (+0.99), fertilization rate (+0.99), hatching rate (+0.99), spawn production (+0.99). A negative correlation was reported to exist between the doses of ovaprim with latency period (-0.99) and hatching time (-0.90) which indicates that, with increase in the concentration of ovaprim the latency period and hatching time decreases.

3 tables, 11 ref

011039   Sahu B B;Pillai B R;Patra G;Lalrinsanga P L; Ferosekhan S;Jayasankar P (NO, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Email: binodbsahu@gmail.com) : Weaning of Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae from Artemia nauplii to fish gel food. Asian J Anim Sci 2015, 10(1), 1-7.

A high moisture (80-85%), fish gel food (FGF) containing 97 per cent fish gel dispersion, sodium alginate, vitamins, mineral and micronutrient supplement was compared to newly hatched live Artemia nauplii as an exclusive diet for the culture of larval freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. M. rosenbergii larvae were gradually weaned from Artemia nauplii to fish gel food (FGF) at their different stages. The feeding regime (AGIOG) in which larvae were weaned on to FGF resulted in the highest (P<60> 0.05) yield of 22.65 ± 6.87 per cent PL/L. After day 11, the survival of larvae fed Artemia alone (A) regimen decreased and at day 25, the value (67.16 ± 4.62% with a corresponding production rate of 20.15 ± 1.88 PL/1) was significantly lower (P<60> 0.5) than those of larvae fed the diets AG10G and AG 8G The larvae fed with the weaning diets developed faster at later stages than those fed Artemia alone. FGF is composed of readily available ingredients, the diet contains 73.83 per cent crude protein, and 7.24 per cent ether extract, is easy to prepare, and has good water stability and buoyancy. The characteristics of diet suggest good potential for successful use in larvae culture.

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

011038   Ranjana A;Mishra A P (Zoology P.G. Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar Univ, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, Email: anamika.26apr@gmail.com) : Histopathological alterations of profenofos on the ovary of the fresh water air-breathing fish Channa gachua. Asian J Anim Sci 2015, 10(1), 8-13.

Present study is aimed to assess the histopathological impact of lethal (0.3 ppm) and sub lethal (0.06 ppm) concentrations of profenofos in the ovary of an air breathing fresh water teleost Channa gachua. Reduced size of mature oocytes, vacuolation in cytoplasm, damaged ovarian follicles, increase in inter-follicular space, breaking of ovarian wall, occurrence of necrosis, damaged structure of ovarian follicles, formation of fragmented ova and atretic oocytes and extrusion of karyoplasms was observed in mature oocytes.

3 illus, 31 ref

011037   Kumar A;Gopesh A (NO, SHS Goverment Degree College, Dhanapur, Chaundauli, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of hypoxia and energy conservation stretegies in the air-breathing Indian catfish, Clarias batrachus. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2015, 38(2), 135-7.

Fish in a tropical country like India are frequently exposed to different duration of hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on the physiology of fish, air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus were exposed to different duration of hypoxia and its effect on activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were studied in four tissues (heart, liver, brain and muscle). The specific activity of LDH increases in all tissues, which reflects towards onset of anaerobic respiration and decrease in energy demand in all these tissues. In contrast, MDH specific activities were decreased significantly in heart, suggesting involvement of strong aerobic respiration in heart during hypoxia. The present investigation revealed that during hypoxia enzyme activities responded in a tissue-specific manner in the fish C. batrachus reflecting the balance of energetic demands, metabolic role and oxygen supply of particular tissues.

011036   Komala R;Yulianda F;Batu D TF L;Setyobudiandi I (Biology Dep, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Univ Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: ratna_komala08@yahoo.co.in) : Length weight relationship of blood cockle (Anadara granosa) as water quallity indictor at lada bay sunda strait. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2015, 17(2), 431-6.

Bivalve is the most dominant group of molluscs and widespread in various habitats. One of the bivalves that has economical and ecological role is blood cockle (Anadara granosa). The purpose of this research was to determine the length-weight relationship as one growth aspect of Anadara granosa and to determine the environmental parameters that influence that cockle growth. The research method was descriptive, while the sample was taken by using fishing gear garok drawn by motor boat used Swept area method. The results showed that A. granosa has class size of 13 intervals, with the highest frequency is in the size 13.04-16.04 mm, while the low frequency is in the size 37.12-40.12 and 40.13-43.13 mm. The pattern of length-weight relationship of cockle in all five zones was negative allometrik growth, (b value <3) in range b value 1.207-2.726 with the model equations for six months, is W= 0.003H1.678, while model equations based on sex of male and female namely W= 0.043H1.578; and W= 0.029L1.734. It shows that the length of the shell changes more quickly than the tissue weight of shells. The main environmental parameters affecting the growth of A. granosa are the velocity of water flow, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), NO2-, NH3, dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, depth and Total Organic Matter (TOM).

2 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

010054   Zakariah M;Sonfada M L;William A;Bwala D A; Kwari H D (Veterinary Anatomy Dep, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria) : Histology of seminal vesicles of wild African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) during spawning and non-spawning periods in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(2), 28-31.

Present study investigates histology of seminal vesicles of wild African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) during spawning as well as non-spawning periods in Maiduguri Nigeria. Twenty adult males of wild African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were used for the study. Their mean weight was found to 550 g and mean body length was 42 cm. Histology of the seminal vesicles showed simple cuboidal cells in the glandular epithelium in the spawning period and pseudo columnar epithelial cells during the non spawning period. The proximal part of the seminal vesicles that are connected with the milt duct revealed presence of smooth muscle cells. The seminal vesicles were seen divided into compartments by connective tissue fibers, and the compartments were filled with eosinophilic staining colloidal substances. The study described the histological structures of seminal vesicles of wild Clarias species during spawning period as large lobules filled with colloidal substances were seen, while reduced colloidal substances and pseudo columnar epithelial cells were seen during non-spawning period in Maiduguri, Nigeria.

2 illus, 15 ref

010053   Verma P;Singh A K;Tripathi M;Srivastava S C (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, , Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow-226 002, Email: aksingh56@rediffmail.com) : Comparative morphometry, growth and feeding ecology of feral Oreochromis niloticus (L.) invaded into the Ganga river system, India. Res Envir Life Sci 2015, 8(1), 63-8.

This study aimed at investigating the ecological need, morphometry and meristics, age and growth, food and feeding of recently invaded alien Oreochromis niloticus in the Yamuna and the Ganga River. Observed meristic characters of the fish were similar and fixed in both the rivers while there was a slight variation in age and growth. In general, growth rate of 2nd year age group of fish was a little higher in the Yamuna. The gut content analysis showed that O.niloticus predominantly feed on phytoplanktons and poorly on zooplankton which indicate its omnivorous nature. The calculated trophic level of O. niloticus was 2.10 in the Ganga and 2.08 in the Yamuna River. There was a positive correlation between length and weight of fishes in both the rivers, yet it was slightly higher in the Yamuna River indicating better growth of O. niloticus in the Yamuna River. Gut content analysis revealed dietary overlap with indigenous Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. The results of this study suggested that invasion route of O. niloticus in the Ganga River was through the Yamuna river as there was no morphometric and meristic variations in the fish at first matuarity stage, showing any adaptive phenotypic plasticity.

2 illus, 5 tables, 49 ref

010052   Singh M;Naraya A;Singh A R;Srivastav A K (Zoology Dep, Pt. J. L. N. (P.G.) College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, Email: akscks@rediffmail.com ) : New tapeworm, Pseudobowae chhatarpurensis N.G., N.sp. from Clarias batrachus (Linn.) from district Chhatarpur (M.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(1), 75-9.

Eight Clarias batrachus (Linn.) were collected from local fishermen of district Chhatarpur (M.P.) India. Two cestodes reported in its alimentary canal. Scolex cylindrical with apical disc. Neck medium. "Bow shaped ovary" situated in medullary parenchyma.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

010051   Safi V;Darshan A;Gogoi B;Ram Kumar;Saikia R; Das D N (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, , Karsingsa, Papum-Pare-791 123) : Effect of different levels of poultry droppings on growth performance of Indian major carps in the foothills of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(2), 56-63.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different level of poultry droppings on growth performance of Indian major carps (IMC) during May 2013 to April 2014. Three ponds viz. T₀, T₁ and T₂ having an area of 1000 square meters were selected for the study and stocked at the rate of 10,000 fingerling/ha with Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) in the ratio of 3:3:4. The T₁ and T₂ ponds were supplied with poultry excreta from 70 and 90 numbers of broiler birds respectively, except the T₀ (control) pond. Growth per day of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala were 1.59 g, 1.16 g and 0.83 g in T1; 1.87 g, 1.49 g and 1.15 g in T₂ and 0.70 g, 0.51 g and 0.41 g in T₀ pond respectively. The T₁ (55.24%) and T₂ (66.28%) ponds showed higher fish production compared to T0. Higher yield of the T₂ pond indicated the optimum amount of poultry droppings compared to T₁. The water qualities in all ponds were falling in suitable ranges. Judicious amount of poultry droppings were favoured the better yields of fish by maintaining desired level of water quality for aquaculture in foothills of integrated fish- poultry farming (IFPF) system.

3 illus, 6 tables, 45 ref

010050   Pratap Reddy C;Hareesh K;Suneetha Y; Srinivasulu Reddy M (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502) : Efficacy of animal and plant feed ingredients in the formulation of feeds for induction of growth potentials in penaeid prawn Litopenaeus vannamei. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(2), 7-14.

Probiotic use in aquaculture is increasingly as producers are attempting to improve pond, soil, water quality, enhance survival and improve the growth of candidate species. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to know the effect of different types of probiotics including soil, water and feed probiotics during the culture operation of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In the present investigation soil, water and feed probiotics selected, super PS, super Biotic and UB Probizyme, respectively used to monitor the growth potentials in prawns. Super PS was broadcasted at the rate of 5 lit/ 0.5 ha, Super biotic i.e. 5kg/ 0.5 ha and UB Probizyme at the rate of 10 g/ 1 kg feed were applied by following the manufactures instructions. The results showed that probiotics plays an important role in maintaining water quality parameters, soil quality and health management as well as increase the growth and survival of shrimp. Probiotic treatment offers a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics in prawn culture activity.

10 tables, 61 ref

010049   Prasad N K;Singh N P (Zoology Dep, M.S. College, Motihari, Bihar, Email: nankishorprasad50@gmail.com ) : Comparative study of buccopharynx of Labeo dero and Glossogobius giuris in relation to their food and feeding habits. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(1), 80-4.

In this investigation Labeo dero and Glossogobius giuris were the material for study. Labeo dero is herbivorous and Glossogobius giuris is carnivorous. In Labeo dero, the food mainly comprised of algae, diatoms, plant material & zooplanktons. On the other hand in Glossogobius giuris, the food mainly consisted of animal nature such as crustacean, insects, larvae, small fishes & tadpoles. The mouth and buccopharyngeal region of the fishes under observation were modified according to the various kind of food. Hence in the present study special attention was laid down upon the modification of buccopharynx based upon the food and feeding habits.

2 illus, 13 ref

010048   Pathak A;Srivastav A K (Parasitological Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College, Jhansi-284 001, Email: akscks@rediffmail.com ) : Morphotaxonomical study of a new cestode, Pseudoclariasis pandei N.G., N.sp from catfish, Clarias batrachus Linn. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(1), 15-20.

New cestode, Pseudoclariasis pandei N.G., N.sp. is described from the fresh water catfish, Clarias batrachus.

5 illus, 1 table, 15 ref