008205   Jha A;Thakur S;Rekha Kumari (Zoology Dep, A.N. College, Patna, Email: drrekhap@gmail.com) : Relationship between ambient water temperature and photoperiod on the growth of Channa striatus (Bloch). Proc Zool Soc India 2015, 14(1), 51-5.

Significant correlation was observed between the seasonal changes in ambient water temperature and growth in Channa striatus. When two separate regression lines establishing the relationship between water temperature & growth was drawn first below 29.3°c & next above this temperature. The best growth seems to take around 29.3°c. A significant relationship has also been obtained between the seasonal change in photoperiod and % growth in C. striatus. The growth in this fish increase by a power of 31.25 between the photoperiod range 10.14- 72.4/7, where as the photoperiod range 12.44 to 13.14h is not suitable for the growth offish. The most suitable photoperiod for growth of this fish is 12.4 h.

1 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

008204   Deka J;Goswami U C (Zoology Dep, Fish Biology and Fishery Science, DST-FIST & UGC-SAP Spon, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: ucgoswami@rediffmail.com) : Certain taxonomic characteristics and zoogeography of fresh water Sisorid. Proc Zool Soc India 2015, 14(1), 117-22.

Fishes of Sisoridae family are available in the Asia region. They are bottom dwelling catfishes. This family has its greatest diversity in the Indian sub continent. It is the largest most diverse group. Body whip like ;adipose dorsal fin rudimentary, consisting of a small spine; upper caudal fin rays considerably elongate and filamentous, equal to about length to about length of the body Jaws and palate edentate. There are about 38 species found in the Brahmaputra basin. In the present studies the details of their meristic characters and their distribution have been shown.

2 tables, 5 ref

008203   Choudhury T G;Singh S K;Baruah A;Das A;Parhi J;Bhattacharjee P;Biswas P (College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural Univ, Lembucherra, Tripura-799 210, Email: tanmoygc@gmail.com ) : Repoductive features of Puntius Sophore (Hamilton 1822) from rivers of Tripura, India. Fish Technol 2015, 52(2), 140-4.

5 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

008202   Bandana Kumari;Sudhanshu Kumar (Zoology Dep, P.P.K. College, Bundu, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi, Email: bandanakumari10@gmail.com) : Ethno zoological aspects of fresh water crab in Jharkhand. Proc Zool Soc India 2015, 14(1), 25-8.

Topsy-turvy investigation proceeding from modern urban style of living to interiorly located tribal, traditional way of living being carried in vicinity of nature reports a unique practice of catching crabs by using repellent plants which possibly has not yet reported. This catche of crabs not only serves as a source of foreseeing among tribal the prospect of rains and harvest but also potentially meets the dietary requirements of a healthy food helping them to recover from weaknesses due to fever and also cures cough and cold. The aim of present ethno zoological investigation is to report a strange indigenous practice to use crabs on festivals in Jharkhand. The present report senses the threat on crab's existence as well to sustain this suggests crab-fisheries in local area.

3 illus, 13 ref

008201   Antony C;Felix S;Sundaramoorthy B (Institute of Fisheries Technology, Tamil Nadu Fisheries Univ, Ponneri-601 204) : Chemosensory structures in the marine shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus H. milne edwards. Biochem Cell Archs 2015, 15(1), 237-42.

Chemosensory organs of crustaceans include antennae, antennules,mandibles,maxilla, maxillipeds and walking legs which areinvolved in distance chemoreception that could be for orientation towards source of food and food stimuli and the structures involved in contact chemoreception may play important role in food gathering and ingestion. The structural details of the appendages involved in chemoreception were studied using Scanning Election Microscopy (SEM) in the shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus.

19 illus, 18 ref

008200   Antony C;Felix S;Sundaramoorthy B (Institute of Fisheries Technology, Tamil Nadu Fisheries Univ, Ponneri-601 204) : Location and evaluation of feeding chemoreceptor sites in marine shrimps Fenneropenaeus indicus, H. milne edwards and Metapenaeus dobsoni, Miers. Biochem Cell Archs 2015, 15(1), 219-24.

Crustacean chemoreceptors are sensitive and can respond to a diverse array of chemical substances.In this study the Test Stimuli used was squid extract 1% (w/v). Healthy sub-adult shrimps of Fenneropenaeusindicus and Metapenaeusdobsoni with intact appendages were used for the study. Flicking of antennules, walking or swimming, grasping and lifting movements of pereopods and movement of mouth parts were observed as the common behavioural indicators in the shrimp. Antennular flicking was observed as an arousal response and swimming or walking movement as food search behaviour. It was found that the responsiveness of the shrimp to various chemical stimuli waseffected by feeding state of the animal. Location and evaluation of feeding chemoreceptor sites were carried out using the modified method followed by Hindley (1975). The major sites involved in the reception and detection of chemical feeding stimuli in F. indicus and M. dobsoni are antennule, mouth appendages including maxilliped - III and the chelae of first three pairs of walking legs. Antennae have no role in chemoreception and vision was not involved in the detection and location of food, in both species.

5 tables, 9 ref

008199   Andhare V;Soni S (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, Mumbai) : On a new species of the genus Echeneibothrium from Trygon sephen at Kakinada, A.P., (east coast of India), India. Proc Zool Soc India 2015, 14(1), 37-41.

Deals with the cestode parasite in Trygon sephen from Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, East coast of India during the period of July 2012 to December 2013. Total 210 cestode parasites were recorded from 125 elasmobranch fishes. The collected parasites were of 4-5 genera. The present communication deals with the description of a new species of the genus Echeneibothrium.

1 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

008198   Achakzai W M;Mohammad S W;Baloch W A; Srivastava N;Somroo A N (Zoology Dep, Balochistan Univ, Quetta, Sindh, Pakistan) : Length- weight relationship and condition factor of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton- buchanan) from Manchar lake, Sindh, Pakistan. Proc Zool Soc India 2015, 14(1), 57-63.

It is first report from the area and based on the study of Length - Weight Relationship (LWR) and Relative Condition Factor (Kn) of 322 Indian carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, collected from Manchar lake, Jamshoro, Pakistan during 2011-2013. The total length and weight of fishes were varied from 15-47 cm 60 -1580 g respectively. The observed LWRs are represented by equations Log W=0.008225 L^{3.0760 with linearity of correlation R2 = 0.940 for combined population, Log W = 0.004893 L 3.2518 with linearity of correlation R2 = 0.940 for combined population, Log W = 0.004289 L 3.2875 with linearity of correlation R2 = 0.936 for female population. The Kn values are observed as 0.77 - 1.56 (Mean<35> 0.301) for combined population, 0.70-1.70 (Mean<35>SD = 1.0332<35> 0.276) for male and 0.69-1.70 (Mean<35>SD= 1.0334<35> 0.283) for female. The observed LW Rs suggested that the growth of fishes are positive allometric and highest in female. The findings of present study suggested that the growth of C. mrigala in Manchar Lake is satisfactory good and the water body is suitable forthe pisciculture.}

2 tables, 27 ref

007278   Vidhu V V;Evans D A (Zoology Dep, University College, Thiruvnanthapuram-695 034, Email: drevansda@gmail.com ) : Ethnoentomological values of Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius). Curr Sci 2015, 109(3), 572-9.

Adult worker ants and brood of Oecophylla smaragdina are a delicacy in the food of tribal groups residing in the forests of Wayanadu and Kasaragod districts of Kerala, India. These tribes use the crushed body of worker ants to make a sauce which is sour. Adult worker ants possess high formic acid (FA) content in their abdominal poison gland reservoir. Oecophylla brood has no traces of FA, but possesses all the essential amino acids, especially tryptophan, leucine, threonine, methionine and lysine in high concentration. Brood also has high carbohydrate content and very low lipid content. Carbohydrate, protein and lipid exist in a ratio 5 : 2.5 : 1 on wet weight basis. Brood is a rich source of retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, thiamine, niacin and riboflavin, which are present at several times higher concentration than that of the egg of domestic fowl. Among various minerals tested, Na, P, Ca and Mg were present in very high concentration. The tribes made medicated oil using hot extraction of crushed worker ants to treat inflammation of joints and skin infections. Whole-body aqueous extract of worker ants has been shown to have significant antioxidant and anti-arthritic properties. Abdominal gland secretion showed anti-microbial activity against six bacterial and two fungal strains. GC-MS analysis of abdominal glands (Dufour's gland and poison gland) revealed the presence of 39 chemical compounds.

6 illus, 10 table, 34 ref

007277   Venkitachalam R;Senthilnathan S (Zoology P. G. Research and Dep, Govt Arts College, Affiliated by Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 018, Email: poojithvenkat@gmail.com) : Breeding record of Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) in Moyar valley, Tamil Nadu, India. Curr Sci 2015, 109(2), 258-9.

3 illus, 10 ref

007276   Purwantiningsih;Hussin A H;Chan K L (Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada Univ, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Email: purwanti_n004@yahoo.com) : Effect of standardized Eurycoma longifolia extract on rosiglitazone metabolism in the old normal male rat hepatocytes: a mechanism study. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(5), 2163-9.

Eurycoma longifolia has been widely used by society as an aphrodisiac especially in Indonesia, Vietnam and Malaysia. However, only few studies have been published related to the herb-drug interaction. Previous study showed that the standardized extract of E. longifolia affected phase I rosiglitazone metabolism especially in the old male rat hepatocytes for both diabetic and normal rats. The present study evaluated the possible mechanism of E. longifolia extract in affecting of phase I rosiglitazone metabolism in the old normal male rat hepatocytes. Experiment was performed used ten cellular stimulants/inhibitors. Old normal male rats were divided in ten groups (n = 6) and the hepatocytes were isolated using perfusion technique. Each group had a negative control (in the presence of vehicle), a positive control (in the presence of cellular inhibitors/stimulants) and 6 test subgroups (in the presence of cellular inhibitors/stimulants and 0.001-100μg/mL of E. longifolia extract). Effect of E. longifolia extract on phase I rosiglitazone metabolism was determined by colourimetric method of Nash at 415nm. The results showed the significant effect of E. longifolia extract on rosiglitazone metabolism were found after rat hepatocytes were pretreated with okadaic acid and genistein. No significant effect was observed in the presence of KT5823, KT5720, furafyllin, L-ornithine, trifluoperazine, 3-isobutyl-methylxanthine/IBMX, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate/PMA and guanylyl-5'-imidodiphosphate/Gpp. This suggested that the possible effect of E. longifolia extract on phase I rosiglitazone metabolism in the old normal male rats was probably mediated through the activation of phosphatase and inhibition of tyrosine kinases.

40 ref

007275   Nettimi R P;Iyer P (Biology Dep, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411 008, Email: rvndrpn@gmail.com) : Patch fidelity in Camponotus compressus ants foraging on honeydew secreted by treehoppers. Curr Sci 2015, 109(2), 362-6.

Camponotus compressus ants are thought to be mutu-alistic with plant sap-sucking insects such as aphids and treehoppers, where the ants provide protection from predation and/or help maintain hygiene, in exchange for sugar-rich honeydew secreted by sap-suckers. Authors studied the foraging strategies and ant-treehopper interactions among C. compressus ants and Oxyrachis tarandus tree-hoppers on the plant Bau-hlnia tomentosa. We found that ants show fidelity to specific patches of B. tomentosa. We also found a significant correlation between hopper number and the number of visiting ants in foraging patches. Our study raises many questions about the ant-treehopper mutualism, navigation strategies and optimal foraging in C. compressus.

3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

007274   Naik N R;Indira P (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, Email: rajanaiknenavath@gmail.com) : Pharmacognostical studies of Mesua ferrea, Carica papaya, Asimum sanctum and Tribulus terrestris. in Rayalaseema, A.P.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(5), 2223-7.

Deals with the pharmacognostical studies on Mesua ferrea (Flowers), Carica The Present paper deals with the pharmacognostical studies on Mesua ferrea (Flowers), Carica papaya (Seeds), Asimum sanctum (Leafs) and Tribulus terrestris (Leafs). Fluorescence analysis has been performed and physicochemical characters such as ash values and extractive values have been performed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis also been performed for the various extractspapaya (Seeds), Asimum sanctum (Leafs) and Tribulus terrestris (Leafs). Fluorescence analysis has been performed and physicochemical characters such as ash values and extractive values have been performed. The Present paper deals with the pharmacognostical studies on Mesua ferrea (Flowers), Carica papaya (Seeds), Asimum sanctum (Leafs) and Tribulus terrestris (Leafs). Fluorescence analysis has been performed and physicochemical characters such as ash values and extractive values have been performed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis also been performed for the various extractsPreliminary phytochemical analysis also been performed for the various extracts.

13 ref

007273   Kaushik K;Mittal P K;Kalla N R (Zoology Dep, Dev Samaj Post Graduate College for Women Ferozepur City, Punjab-152 002, Email: kaushik41738@yahoo.co.in) : Antioxidant potential of Mn<. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(5), 2153-62.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation from fertile volunteer donor measured by thiobarbuteric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Spermatozoal suspension was treated or not with nicotine and supplemented or not with Mn^{2+. The same protocol followed when we used ferrous ascorbate promoter system and calculates the C_max and k_c value of the reaction using Lineweaver-burk double reciprocal plot. For comparing the antioxidant status Mn2+ with other trace elements employing various concentrations (10-100μM), production of malondialdehyde (MDA) calculated. Effect of lipid peroxidation (LPO) upon membrane integrity monitored by performing hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOS). Extent of LPO was measured for one-hour intervals of 10 minutes each, TBARS production found to increase gradually. Supplementation of Mn2+ to nicotine treated or not spermatozoal suspensions significantly lower the TBARS production in different concentration of promoter system (ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid; 1:5). According to Michaelis-Menten kinetic it was observed that there was linear and positive correlation between amounts of malon-dialdehyde produced (vi) and increase in substrate concentration (S). Nicotine treated or not supplemented or not with Mn2+, ferrous ascorbate promoter system the value of k_c was found to be 62.50μM FeSO4 and 312.5μM ascorbic acid. The value of C_max was found to be lower in Mn2+ supplemented treated or not with nicotine as compare to Mn2+ unsupplemented, nicotine treated or not sample. Supplementation of different concentration trolox, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ to assay mixture, amount of TBA-MDA complex was monitored and data has been transferred to Dixon plot (I/v) vs. [I]. Values of k_i of all trace metal were finding in the same order. The data follow a linear correlation with the C_max value of the reaction. Hypo-osmotic swelling test also show the significant result. On the basis of C_max, k_i values and other parameter we can conclude that Mn2+ is the most potent trace metal ion inhibitor of LPO in the human ejaculated spermatozoal suspension.}

50 ref

007272   Kalita H K;Talukdar B;Baishya R A;Basumatary S;Das J;Dutta A;Dutta R Ch;Barman R Ch;Sarma D (Zoology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati, Assam) : Role of duck droppings on pond productivity through fish cum duck integrated farming system in Agro climatic, Assam. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2015, 14(3), 541-3.

The study was conducted in a society pond of Gandhibasti village of Abhayapuri, Bongaigaon, Assam to assess the impact of duck droppings on water quality and pond productivity. The pond was integrated with ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) to obtain the benefit of duck litters on the pond productivity and fish growth. The mean dry weight of 80 ducks excreta was estimated as 3.864 kg/ha/day, discharging into the pond. 18,000 fingerlings. Indian major carps along with few exotic carp were stocked in the month of April, 2013. Supplementary feed was also given to the fishes in alternate days to ensure their steady growth. All the studied physico-chemical parameters were found within the permissible limit and the growth of fishes was also satisfactory. The maximum growth was recorded in Catla followed by silver carp, common carp, Rohu and Mrigala.

2 table, 10 ref

007271   Chakrawarti A;Kanwar O;Pyarelal;Agarwal M; Purohit R K (Radiation Biology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner-334 003) : Histology as biomarkers: in mouse brain treated with radiation, cadmium and therapeutic agent Aloe vera). Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(1), 123-35.

There are two different types of radiation, energetic particles and electromagnetic waves. These two types can penetrate into living tissue or cell and result in transduction of radiation energy to biological materials. The absorbed energy of ionizing radiation can break chemical bonds and cause ionization of different molecules including water and different biological essential macromolecules of DNA, membrane lipids and protein. Many types of DNA lesions are produced in cell by ionizing radiation and chemicals during cancer therapy. Cadmium is known to deplete glutathione and protein bound sulfhydrl groups which results in enhance production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The reactions of these ROS with cellular biomolecules have been shown to lead to lipid per-oxidation. Aloe vera is dietary antioxidant that play an important role in controlling oxidative stress. For this purpose, six to eight weeks old male Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into seven groups on the basis of radiation, cadmium, combined treatment and Aloe treated groups. The animals were sacrificed at each post-treatment intervals of 1, 2, 4,7,14 and 28 days. The brain were taken out and weighed to the analytical balance and fixed for 24 hours in alcoholic Bouin's fixative. A pinch of lithium carbonate was added to remove excess picric acid in the fixative. Histological studies were carried out using the standard techniques of haematoxyline and eosin staining. After routine procedure of microtomy the sections were stained with Harris haematoxylene and eosin in alcohol, dehydrated in graded series of alcohol, cleared in xylene, mounted in DPX and examined microscopically. The histological changes observed were, pycnotic nuclei and crenated cells with condensation of nuclear material resulting into hyperchromatic cells. Hydrocephaly with enlarged lateral ventricles was also noted and corpus callosum was seen malformed. Thickened meninges and venous congestion were also noticed. In the irradiated brains cytoarchitectnic layers were reduced in depth and showed some degree of intermixing of cells of various laminae. Hematoma was present between the cortex and medulla with numerous pycnotic and necrotic nuclei. Disarray of the cortical tissue with disorientation of cell processes was also evident. Damage in the cortex was noticed in the form of karyolysis, pycnosis and spongy degeneration of the connective tissue with thickening of meninges. Dilation of blood vessel was also observed at certain palces. After combined treatment of radiation and cadmium chloride synergistic changes were observed. These changes were less severe in the Aloe vera treated brain which may be due to the protection provided by drug.

16 ref

007270   Bhan S;Mohan L;Srivastava C N (Applied Entomology & Vector Control Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed Univ), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005) : Photosensitization of nanoencapsulated temephos and Cuscuta reflexa combination on mosquito larvae. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(1), 94-110.

Aim is to combat mosquito population, advancement of new and eco-friendly approach is of great importance. In this perspective, photosensitivity of nanopesticides might be used as an effective control agent with a low impact on the environment. The aim of this study was to determine optimum photosensitive conditions viz. fluorescent light, dark and UV rays to nanoencapsulated Temephos and Cuscuta reflexa combination on mosquito larvae, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The results showed that the fluorescent (visible) light and UV- 1 hr treatment of nanoparticles on the larval stages were most effective against both mosquitoes. Size characterization shows that nanoparticles were in range of 100 to 300 nm. The data reveals that photosensitization of nanopesticides is not species specific. Thus, the nanoencapsulated combination would be an effective approach in mosquito management at these environmental conditions.

7 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

007269   Bhan S;Lalit Mohan;Srivastava C (Applied Entomology & Vector Control Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed Univ), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005) : Combinatorial studies on thermosensitization of nanoencapsulated temephos and Cuscuta reflexa. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(1), 20-35.

Nanoencapsulated Temephos and Cuscuta reflexa were found effective against 3rd instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of various temperature ranges 10°, 15°, 20° and 35° on the toxicity of the nanoformulation against both the larval stages. Temephos and Cuscuta reflexa combination were encapsulated by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The temperature stress of 20°C on the larval stages was found to affect the susceptibility of both mosquitoes. At this temperature, the mortality of the mosquito larvae was found to be most effective than other temperature ranges. The LC₅₀ values were 0.0028, 0.0025 and 0.0019 mg/L against anopheline larvae and 0.0031, 0.0017 and 0.0015 mg/L against culicine larvae after 24, 48 and 72 hrs of exposure. Thus, the nanoencapsulted Temephos and Cuscuta reflexa combination would be an effective approach in mosquito management at this temperature and is not species specific.

4 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

006179   Tomar M;Ajay Kumar;Kataria S K (Zoology Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak, Haryana, Email: kataria511@gmail.com) : Evaluation of acute toxicity of lambda cyhalothrin in Mus musculus L.. Indian J expl Biol 2015, 53(8), 551-5.

Lambda Cyhalothrin (LCT) is a type II synthetic pyrethroid widely used in agriculture, home pest control and protection of food stuff. Here, we evaluated its toxicity on biochemical parameters (Total protein, Acetyl cholinesterase, RNA and DNA) and liver histological alteration in mice after 24 h of oral administration @ 25, 50 and 75% of LD₅₀ i.e., 26.49 mg/kg/body wt. Distilled water (DW) and Cyclophosphamide (CP @ 40 mg/kg/body wt.) were used as negative and positive control, respectively. LCT treated mice showed significant decrease in total protein (P <60>0.01), acetyl cholinesterase (P <60>0.001) and DNA (P <60>0.001) in a dose dependent manner. On the contrary, RNA content showed significant increase (P <60>0.01) at 50% of LD₅₀ of LCT. Histological observations of the mice liver showed vascular congestion and hepatocyte degeneration with 6.63 mg/kg/body wt. of LCT; and accumulation of RBCs with sinusoid degeneration and wide necrotic area with pyknosis with 13.25 and 19.88 mg/kg/body wt., respectively. The results demonstrated LCT induced biochemical changes and hepatotoxicity in female mice.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

006178   Pimple N S;Kharat S S (NO, Abasaheb Garware Collge, Karve Road, Pune-4, Email: nirbhay.pimpale@mesagc.org) : Length weight relationship and relative condition factors of Osteobrama vigorsii (Sykes, 1839) from Nira river, Bhor Maharashtra. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2015, 4(4), 77-81.

Osteobrama vigorsii an endemic species from Western Ghats of Maharashtra is been widely consumed by the local population in fresh as well as dried form. It is economically important and it is common in Nira River. In the present study the logarithmic regression equation obtained for Osteobrama vigorsii (Sykes, 1939) Male is log W = -0.9672 + 3.298 log l and for female it is log W= -1.0245 + 2.6802 log l. The regression coefficient obtained in case for Male was R=0.9466 and for the Female it was found out to be R= 0.9312. The result obtained shows a good relation between length and weight. The cubic law (n= 2.680) in female for isometric growth. While in case of male there is slight deviation from the cubic law where (n=3.298). This deviation may be because of early sexual maturity or due to intense feeding. The condition factor Kn obtained for Male is Kn= 0.0674 and for Female it is kn =0.0293. The result clearly indicates that Osteobrama vigorsii from Nira river shows well-being in natural habitat and this may be due to less industrialization in the area and less pollutant being added to the river since human settlement around the river area is less.

1 illus, 2 table, 20 ref

006177   Kaur S;Bhardwaj K;Sachdeva H (Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: puzoology@yahoo.com) : Antileishmanial efficacy of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and Ocimum sanctum L. against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Indian J expl Biol 2015, 53(8), 522-9.

Chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has several limitations including resistance and toxicity of the existing drugs. Down regulation of immune system further aggravates the problems. To combat this situation we evaluated the leishmanicidal efficacy of Boerhaavia diffusa and Ocimum sanctum through oral route in L. donovani infection in BALB/c mice. Results have demonstrated maximum clearance of the parasites from infected animals treated with combination of B. diffusa and O. sanctum (@ 100 and 400 mg/kg body wt., respectively 5 days) as depicted through Leishman Donovan Units in liver. Up-regulation of cell-mediated immunity was also observed in animals of this group as heightened delayed type hypersensitivity responses and increased IgG2a levels were observed. Moreover, increased levels of SGOT, SGPT, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were brought down to normal levels. Since VL is associated immunosuppression, the above treatment is a good option as it helps in the up-regulation of Th1 responses and reduction in parasite load in L. donovani infected mice. These findings suggest a new option for antileishmanial chemotherapy at lower cost and nil toxicity.

3 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

006176   Hongmin L;Bin W;Shuyong M (Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumchi-830 046, Email: hml_even@163.com) : Synthesis of (S,Z)-5-amino-2-(dibenzylamino)-1,6-diphenylhex-4-en-3-1. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2015, 54(9), 1154-6.

L-Phenylalanine taken as a starting material is protected with benzyl chloride and procedure simplified by not charging with ethyl alcohol. Subsequently with the further simplification of skipping the atmospheric distillation of MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), (S,Z)-5-amino-2-(dibenzylamino)-1,6-diphenylhex-4-en-3-one, the significant intermediate of Ritonavir and Lopinavir, is obtained from cyanidation, Grignard reaction and reduction.

9 ref

005096   Somaiah K;Satish P V V;Sunita K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Guntur-522 510, Email: drsunitamichael@gmail.com) : Assessment of survival and behavioral changes in freshwater fish Labeo rohita exposed to chloroacetanilide herbicide, Butachlor. Pollut Res 2015, 34(1), 139-46.

The present study deals with the bioaccumulation of herbicide, Butachlor and it's effect on survival and behavioral changes in freshwater fish Labeo rohita. The physico-chemical analysis of water was carried out by standard methods according to American Public Health Association (APHA). The pilot studies were conducted to know the toxicity concentration of herbicide to the fish. The LC₅₀ values of Butachlor found to be 1.5, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.85 mg/L for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively. The fishes have shown uncoordinated behavioral changes such as erratic jerky swimming, attempt to jump out of water, frequent surfacing, gulping of air, decrease in opercular movement and copious secretion of mucus all over the body on exposure of Butachlor in the bench scale experiment. The percentage of mortality was calculated by following Finney's probit analysis method. Hence, the present study revealed that, the LC₅₀ value gradually decreased with the increase of exposure period and the mortality rate increased with increase in concentration of herbicide.

4 illus, 8 tables, 39 ref

005095   Sharma M;Sharma R K (Zoology Dep, KVA DAV College for Women, Karnal-132 001) : Ecology and breeding biology of Indian stone curlew (Burhinus indicus). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2015, 14(2), 423-8.

The ecology and breeding biology of Indian stone curlew was studied in two selected sites of Kurukshetra, Haryana. Indian stone curlew morphologically characterized by sandy black bill, large yellow eyes and prominent black and white wing bars. The nest was found to build on furrowed soil with fine clay, gravel or sand having free drainage during the months of March and April. The vegetation in breeding ground mainly comprised of species of Family Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Polygonaceae and Asteraceae. During the breeding both the parents defend breeding ground against their natural enemies by maintaining the nest territory of 100 meters. Two eggs dirty white in colour with dark brown irregular patches were observed in each nest. The incubation period was 27 days. Both the parents participate in incubation and rearing the hatchlings. Hatchlings are precocial and start feeding after hatching. The young one migrates to feeding grounds after a span of approximately three to four months. Due to intensive anthropogenic activities, Indian stone curlew is facing habitat and breeding ground shrinkage. The farmers and town planners should be advised to manage some area with natural habitation to ensure its nesting, feeding and breeding success of this important species.

6 illus, 12 ref

005094   Sharma J;Sharma S;Raj Kant K (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-181 106, Email: jyotis632@gmail.com) : Ovarian development and reproductive cycle of Garra gotyla gotyla. Bioscan 2015, 10(1), 9-15.

Garra gotyla gotyla is one of the important fish of Jhajjar stream, J&K, India. The present study is aimed to determine the ovarian development and reproductive cycle of this fish. The histological sections of ovaries shows the presence of a large number of oogonia and oocytes in various stages of development, studded along ovigerous lamellae. Based on changes in cytoplasm and its inclusion like vesicles, vitellogenesis, egg membranes and average diameter of oocytes, seven oocyte stages have been recorded viz. Oocyte stage I/ Chromatin nucleolar stage, Oocyte stage II/ Perinucleolar stage, Oocyte stage III/ Early yolk vesicle stage, Oocyte stage IV/ Late yolk vesicle stage, Oocyte stage V/Early yolk stage, Oocyte stage VI/ Late yolk stage and Oocyte stage VII/Ripe egg stage. Further depending upon the percentage of different developing oocytes and nature of ovarian wall six phases of reproductive cycle has been observed. Immature/ virgin phase (September-October), early maturing phase (November-January), developing phase (February-March), developed phase (April-May), spawning phase (JuneJuly) and spent/ resting phase (August). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) also exhibited remarkable variation during different phases of reproductive cycle and peak was observed during May. Present study therefore suggested that reproductive cycle of G. gotyla gotyla follows a cyclic pattern and exhibit remarkable histomorphological changes in ovaries as observed in other teleosts.

9 illus, 3 tables, 48 ref

005093   Rawani A;Ghosh A;Chandra G (Zoology Dep, The Univ of Burdwan, Burdwan, Email: goutamchandra63@yahoo.co.in) : Laboratory evaluation of molluscicidal & mosquito larvicidal activities of leaves of Solanum nigrum L.. Indian J med Res 2014, 140(2), 285-95.

Aqueous and solvent extracts of fresh, mature, green/shed dried leaves of S. nigrum were tested against adult L. acuminata and larvae of Cx. vishnui group. The lethal concentration was determined and the appropriate lethal concentration at 24 h of benzene extract was also studied on non target organisms such as Daphnia sp, Diplonychus annulatum and Chironomus circumdatus. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out in search of active ingredient and the chemical nature of the active substance was also evaluated by infrared (IR) analysis. In a 72 h bioassay experiment with the aqueous extract, the highest mortality was recorded in 0.5 and 3 per cent extract against larvae of Cx. vishnui group and L. acuminata, respectivela. In the benzene solvent extract, the maximum mortality was recorded at a concentration of 150 ppm against L. acuminata and at 50 ppm against larvae of Cx. vishnui group with LC₅₀ values of 55.45 and 11.59 ppm, respectively at 72 h. The log probit analysis (95% confidence level) recorded lowest value at 72 h of exposure. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reported the presence of some biochemical compounds, such as saponin, flavonoids, steroid and tannin. Among these, the toxic compound was detected by IR analysis having R_f = 0.87 (showed 66.70% and 76.70% mortality of L. acuminata and larvae of Cx. vishnui group, respectively). IR analysis provided preliminary information about the aliphatic amide nature of the active ingredient. The study results provide considerable scope in exploiting local indigenous plant resources for molluscicidal and mosquito larvicidal activities.

6 tables, 31 ref

005092   Manigandan C;Veerakumari L (Zoology P.G. and Research Dep, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-30, Tamil Nadu, Email: veerakumari_2002@yahoo.co.in) : In vitro studies on the effect of Prosopis cineraria on the motility and acetylcholinesterase of Cotylophoron cotylophorum. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2015, 7(3), 259-62.

Paramphistomosis caused by the paramphistome Cotylophoron cotylophorum constitute a major group of disease in domestic ruminants. Chemical control of helminths coupled with improved management has important worm control strategy throughout the world. However, increasing problems of development of resistance in helminths against anthelmintics have led to the proposal of screening of medicinal plants for their anthelmintic activity. In the present investigation, the anthelmintic efficacy of bark of Prosopis cineraria was assessed based on its effect on the motility and on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of Cotylophoron cotylophorum. The flukes were exposed to five different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of ethanol extract of bark of Prosopis cineraria (PcEE) for 2, 4 and 8 h. The motility response of the drug-treated parasites was quantitatively measured with the aid of Electronic Micromotility Meter (EMM). The electronic measurement of the motility of the drug-treated parasites clearly indicates the direct impact of the drugs on the motility of the parasite. Maximum level of inhibition of the motility response of the parasites was observed at 5% concentration after 8 h of exposure of PcEE. AChE was assessed. PcEE significantly inhibited the activity of AChE. As, AChE plays an important role in neurotransmission, inhibition of AChE results in muscular paralysis of parasites which loose its "biochemical hold-fast" and gets eliminated from the host. PcEE possesses a remarkable anthelmintic activity against C. cotylophorum. It may serve as an alternative for anthelmintic chemotherapeutic agents and could be used in a safe and eco friendly manner. However, this study warrants further in vivo studies for practical utility.

2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

005091   Huang M Y;Kong X Q;Duan R Y;Bao H;Zhou Y;Ding Y Y (College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal Univ, Anqing 246011, Anhui, China) : Chronic effects of cadmium on gonad differentiation of the spot frog (Pelophylax nigromaculata) larvae. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2015, 14(2), 361-6.

Cadmium (Cd), one of the most common endocrine disruptors (EDCs), plays an important role in sex differentiation by blocking receptors of sex steroid hormones in amphibians. To analyse the influence of Cd on gonadal sex differentiation of spot frog (Pelophylax nigromaculata) larvae, the fertilized eggs were exposed to Cd (100, 10, 1 and 0.1 μg/L) in water until complete metamorphosis. We observed sex ratio and gonadal condition, detected the expression and location of estrogen receptor (ER) and metallothioneins (MTs) on the gonad cells by immunohistochemical method. Some intersex gonads (the same gonad has testicular and ovarian-like elements) in Cd treatment at 10, 1 and 0.1 μg/L were observed. Compared to control, female/male ratios at Cd treatment levels (1 and 0.1 μg/L) were significantly different (p<60> 0.05). ER and MTs were positively expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of gonad, and the expression of ER and MTs did not show a monotonic linear relationship in the Cd treatment. In the relatively lower concentration (10, 1 and 0.1 μg/L), ER and MTs expressions were stronger, while it appeared to be weak immunoreactivity in higher concentration (100 μg/L). The expression and location of ER and MTs on the gonad cells and sex ratios were affected by Cd, indicating that Cd has estrogenic effect on P. nigromaculata.

5 illus, 33 ref

005090   Gaikwad S M;Bhawane G P (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: gaikwadsm@rediffmail.com) : Partial characterization of midgut enzymes in butterfly Papilio polytes polytes L. (lepidoptera: papilionidae). Bioscan 2015, 10(1), 43-53.

Characterization of digestive enzymes from the larval and adult midgut of Papilio polytes polytes L. was studied by using different assays. High enzymatic activity were found at pH 7.2 for amylase and invertase, pH 7.8 for trehalase and lipase and pH 9.8 for protease in fifth instar larvae where as it was at pH 6.4 for adult invertase and 400C for all studied enzymes. The linear period of enzyme activities were found at 60, 15, 90, 15 and 20 min for larval amylase, invertase, trehalase, lipase and protease respectively where as it was 30 min for adult invertase. The 50% inhibition at high temperature was found to be 13.5 min (amylase), 9.5 min (invertase), 6 min (trehalase), 8 min (lipase) and 6.5 min (protease) in larva and 6.5 min for adult invertase. The specific activities were 2.844 μg maltose/μg protein/hr, 10.56, 22.25 and 0.4657 μg glucose/μg protein/hr for larval amylase, invertase, trehalase and adult invertase respectively and 9.3474 μg palmitic acid/μg protein/hr (larval lipase) and 1.0285 μg tyrosine/μg protein/hr (larval protease). The measurement of maximal catalytic activities of studied enzymes determines the physiological capacities of the different metabolic pathways. Hence, results of such would be utilized in the formulating control strategies against various pests including the species under study.

36 illus, 76 ref

004336   Zaunmair P;Mangalam M;Kaumanns W;Singh M; Slotta-Bachmayr L (NO, Institute of Experimental Neurogeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tiss, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria) : Patterns of dominance relationships among the females of a captive female-only group of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) during the course of the introduction of a new adult male. Curr Sci 2015, 109(4), 803-7.

Lion-tailed macaques are generally considered to have more despotic than egalitarian dominance relation-ships; however, research lacks any conclusive evidence. In the present study, we examined dominance relationships among the females (of which the genealogical relationships were known) of a captive female-only group of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) during the course of introduction of a new adult male to the group at the Wels Zoo, Wels, Austria. We determined the structure of dominance hierarchy and the corresponding changes in dominance relationships, possibly mediated by an increase in sexual competition among the females. When the females were housed together without any adult male for over four months following the death of the former breeding male, the dominance hierarchy almost followed the principle of youngest ascendency. When a new male was housed for 26 days in an enclosure adjacent to that of the females(such that the females and the new male could interact with each other through a wire mesh between their enclosures), changes in dominance hierarchy were observed. During this phase, there was a temporary change in the dominance hierarchy, leading to a higher degree of aggression of the nursing female and an increase in its dominance rank. This is corroborated by the fact that when the new male was housed together with the females in the same enclosure, it resulted in infanticide and subsequently, the nursing mother lost the higher rank. We consider the implications of the present study in the captive management and breeding of long-tailed macaque. Primatology studies of the past 140 years can be tentatively categorized into three distinct periods-classical (1876-1930), ascendant (1931-1981) and restrictive (since1982). We define a primatologist as one who has published research conducted on nonhuman primates in peer-reviewed science journals. From this definition, among the total of 207 Nobel laureates of medicine (from 1901 to 2014), we identified 14 as primatologists. We also identified seven more Nobel laureates of medicine who had occasionally reported research on nonhuman primates. If Charles Sherrington was the most influential medical primatologist in the first half of the 20th century, then Carleton Gajdusek was the most prolific medical primatologist in the second half of the 20th century.

2 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

004335   Vasanthi K;Chairman K;SIngh A J A R (Zoology Dep, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam, M S University, Tirunelveli, Email: vasanthispc@gmail.com) : Influence of animal wastes on growth and reproduction of the african earthworm species Eudrilus Eugeniae (Kinberg). Pollut Res 2013, 32(2), 337-42.

The Animal wastes (Goat and buffalo) collected from the rural area of Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, premises was vermicomposted using an African species of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae and physico- Chemical features of animal wastes before and after composting was analyzed, which showed that macro and micro nutrients as well as physico chemical features of animal waste compost before and after composting was analyzed, which showed that macro and micro nutrients as well as physico - chemical features increased after vermicomposting.

4 tables, 18 ref

004334   Tripathi A (Zoology Dep, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar-791 112, Email: amit.tripathi@rgu.ac.in) : Monogenoidea on exotic Indian freshwater fish. 3. Are Indian guidelines for importation of exotic aquarium fish useful and can they be implemented; The case of Neotropical Gussevia spiralocirra Kohn and Paperna, 1964. Curr Sci 2015, 108(11), 2101-5.

Gussevia spiralocirra, a Neotropical parasitic mono-genoid (Platyhelminthes), has been recorded from the type host, freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare (Cichlidae), collected from the post-quarantine populations in local aquarium markets of Lucknow and Itanagar, India. The finding establishes India as a geographical distribution record for G.spiralocirra, and more importantly, reveals a potentially serious breach of quarantine regulations of the country. The present communication provides a summary assessment of existing Indian guidelines for importation of exotic aquarium fish and highlights some of its major short-comings.

1 illus, 32 ref

004333   Singla S K;Selokar N L;Saini M;Palta P; Chauhan M S;Manik R S (Animal Bio-technology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: singlasuresh@yahoo.com) : Buffalo cloning: what we have achieved so far. Curr Sci 2015, 109(4), 670-1.

^ssc1 illus, 9 ref

004332   Singh S (Zoology Dep, Govt Girls P G College, Sagar (M P), , Email: sunita.sgh19@gmail.com) : Accumulation of malathio in the liver, kidney and gills of Heteropneustes fossilis (HAM) as assessed by Gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 168-70.

This paper presents the qualitative detection of malathion in the liver, kidney and gills of the fresh water teleost, Heteropneustes tossilis by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) study was made after exposure of fish to a sublethal concentration of 60 ppm for 30 days. The presence of the pesticide in the different tissues is indicated by different peaks on the chromatogram. The results indicate a accumulation of malathion in these tissue.

3 tables, 16 ref

004331   Shukla S;Mishra P (Central Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory, , Narmada Road, Email: skshukla24@gmail.com ) : Characterization and antibiogram of enterobacteriaceae isolated from the poultry in Jabalpur (MP). Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 163-7.

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae is an important indicator of the emergence of resistant bacterial strains in the community. This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Enterobacteriaceae from back yard poultry to antimicrobial agents using the broth micro dilution. In all, 184 isolates (including 104 Escherichia coli, 44 Klebsiella spp, 20 Salmonella spp. and 16 Enterobacter aerogenes) were resistant to amoxicillin (89.7%), chloramphenicol (73.9%), ciprofloxacin (33.2%), enrofloxacin (60.3%), neomycin (70.7%), norfloxacin (45.7%), streptomycin (78.8%) and tetracycline (73.4%). Escherichia coli was resistant to amoxicillin (92.3%), chloramphenicol (73.1 %), ciprofloxacin (34.6%), enrofloxacin (61.5%), neomycin (76.9%), norfloxacin (46.2%), streptomycin (80.8%) and tetracycline (76.9%). The rate of resistance in Klebsiella spp. was amoxicillin (90.9%), chloramphenicol (72.7%), ciprofloxacin (54.5%), enrofloxacin (90.9%), neomycin (63.6%), norlloxacin (63.6%), streptomycin(81.8%) and tetracycline (81.8%). Salmonella spp. showed resistance to amoxicillin (80.0%), chloramphenicol (80.0%), enrofloxacin (20.0%), neomycin (80.0%), norfloxacin (20.0%), streptomycin (80.0%) and tetracycline(35.0%) but were completely susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Enterobacter aerogenes was resistant to amoxicillin (81.3%), chloramphenicol (75.0%), ciprofloxacin (6.3%), enrofl oxacin (18.8%), neomycin (37.5%), norfloxacin (25.0%), streptomycin (56.3%) and tetracycline (75.0%). Overall, 147 (79.9%) out of 184 isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial agents. The high rate of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from free-range birds may have major implications for human and animal health with adverse economic implications..

5 tables, 16 ref

004330   Shan J;Wang Q;Zhang Z;Han J (College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, , Boding 071002, P.R. China, Email: hbushanjh@163.com) : Oridation of neopentyl glycol by diperiodatocuprate(iii) in alkaline medium-a kinetic and mechanistic study. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(4), 1537-9.

Kinetics of oxidation of neopentyl glycol by diperiodatocuprate(III) in alkaline medium had been studied spectrophtometrically in the different of temperatures range of 25-45°C. The reaction of neopentyl glycol is the first order in each [diperiodatocuprate(III)] by experiment determination. The rate constant kobs increased with increase in [OH-] and [neopentyl glycol]. However, with the increase of the temperature, the kobs decreased with increase in [IO₄^{-]. The reaction constants which involved in the different steps of the mechanisms are calculated. Activation parameters which controlled by slow step of the mechanism are discussed and thermodynamic quantities are determined. Therefore, the activation parameters at 298.2 K were calculated.}

3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

004329   Saba F;Sadhu D N (Zoology Dep, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh (Jharkhand)) : Physico-chemical parameters of Gaga reservoir of Bokaro (Jharkhand). Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 175-8.

Garga reservoir has been constructed across river Garga which is an important tributary of river Damodar. Monthly and seasonal variations of physico-chemical parameters were studied from July,2012 to June, 2113. The water temperature were ranged from 17°C to 29°C. Transparency were ranged from 58.2 cm to 72.3 cm. pH lid dissolved oxygen were fluctuated between 6.8 to 7.8 and 4.4 mg/l to 6.8 mg/l respectively. Free carbon dioxide and total alkalinity varied from 2.5 mg/l to 12.3 mg/l and 105 mg/l to 135 mg/l respectively. Total hardness and phosphate raged from 38.7 mg/l to 78.7 mg/l and 0.18 mg/l to 0.81 mg/l respectively. Nitrate and specific conductance fluctuated between 9.8 mg/l to 16.7 mg/l and 209 μmhos/cm to 252 μmhos/cm respectively. The study revealed that there exists seasonal fluctuation of the factors from the data, it was clear that various correlations between the factors could be observed. Absence of significant difference between sampling stations for all these parameters in the Garga reservoir indicated that water quality is fairly homogeneous and suitable for drinking and pisciculture.

2 tables, 6 ref

004328   Prajapati R;Bagel K S (Zoology Dep, Govt Holkar Science Autonomour College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Water quality index of Narmada river (M P). Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 157-9.

Water quality index is most efficient tool of environmental audit process to convey the overall water quality of a water resource. It is a rating ~f water quality parameters by a single numerical expression reflecting the complete influence of water quality parameters on the overall quality of water. Water Quality Index (WQI) may be defined as the rating that reflects the composite influence of a number of water quality factors on the overall quality of ".ter.1t reduces the large amount of water quality data to a single numerical value. It is one of the most effective ways to communicate information on water quality trends to policy makers, to shape sound public policy and implement the water quality improvement programmes efficiently. In the present study, the application of WQI gives us a comparative evaluation of water quality at different sampling station during the study period October, 2009 to September, 2011. The present work is an attempt to determine the water quality of Narmada river using the water quality Index. Surface water in Narmada river remained poor water quality during the study period.

11 ref

004327   Payasi Y K (Atal Bihari Vajpai Hindi Vishwa Vidyalaya, , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: yogendra.payasisdl@gmail.com) : Fish diversity of Hiran river at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 160-2.

Hiran river is one of the most important water body of Jabalpur division. The river drains from two districts of the division; Jabalpur and Katni. Rural tribes and people from adjacent area are depends on the river their drinking, domestic use and also for irrigation purpose. During present investigation, a total of 34 fish Species belonging to 7 orders and 15 families were recorded. Study period started from January, 2006 to December, 2007 of 34 fish species most of the fishes are belongs to Ciprinidae family. Consist of 11 fish species and showed dominance all the sampling stations of Hiran river. Different types of fishes were also found in river e.g. Notopterus notopterus Heteropneustes fossilis, Botia dario, Silonia silonia, Ompok bimaculatus, Clarias batrachus, Mastacembe!us ar. Monopterus cuchia, Parambacis ranga, Channa marulius, C.gachua and Xenentodon cancila were also found I the river.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

004326   Nirmal Kumari;Shashi S B (L N Mithila University, , Kameshwaranagar, Darbhanga-846004, Email: sbshashi2013@gmail.com) : Effect of EUS on hematology of Anabas testudineus. Envir Ecol 2014, 32(3A), 1204-6.

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) has been a major concern in several coutries of Asia Pacific region. In different countries of Asia Pacific region, the disease was recognized as ulcerative lesions before being identified as EUS. Hemorrhagic ulceration were the only recognizable clinical symptoms observed in EUS affected fishes. In advanced stage, the ulceration covers large areas with sloughing off of scales and degeneration of epithelial tissues. Ulcers became deep hemorrhagic and nacrotic often with large and deep ulcers commonly seen in various parts of the body, The selected fish Anabas testudineus showed ulcerative lesions. Degeneration of epithelial tissues, localized hemorrage on scale pocket, nacrotic ulcer in tail was seen. EUS also cause significant decrease in the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and hemoglobin content and affected slowly the nervous, system of fish.

^ssc1 table, 12 ref

004325   Maibam Bimola Devi;Singh O S;Kar D (Zoology Dep, C I College, Bishnupur (Manipur), Email: maibam_bimola@yahoo.co.in) : Zooplankton community in relation with physico chemical properties of water of the Yenapat, Lake at Bishnupur district, Manipur, N E India. Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 153-6.

Study deals with the ,.diversity of zooplankton in relation to the physico-chemical parameters of the Yenapat lake of Bishnupur district of Manipur (24°38'N to 93°48'E) and is located at an elevation of 881 m above the MSL. The zooplankton communities in the study site consist of three major groups, viz. Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda. These zooplankton groups represent the connecting link between the primary producers and the consumers of higher order in the aquatic flJod web. Biodiversity of zooplankton of the lake was surveyed through monthly collection of samples from different parts of the lake during the period from September, 2012 to August,2013. The present findings include a total of 14 species of Rotifers, 3 species of Cladocera and 2 species of Copepods. The rotifers belong to eight genera viz. Brachionus, Keratella, Anuraeopsis, Platyias, Plationus, Euchlanis, Lecane and Mytilina. The species abundance of rotifer were in the following sequence: Brachionus <62> Lecane = Mytilina <62> Anuraopsis= Keratella = Platyias = Plationus = Euchlanis.

2 tables, 21 ref

004324   Kochale R;Dhakad N K;Chaudhry P (Zoology Dep, Govt College Khategaon, Distt. Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, Email: kochale291076@gmail.com) : Plankton in Taklikheda dam, Khategaon, Distt Dewas, (M.P.). Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 195-7.

Water is most important for our life. Planktons are making an important criteria for determining the appropriateness of water for irrigation and drinking purpose. The certain status of plankton in Taklikheda dam has been studied through seasonal study during three years (2010 to 2012). Phytoplankton (31) and zooplankton (23 were also observed during the study period. Therefore, Taklikheda dam has rich number of species of aquatic animals.

2 tables, 15 ref

004323   Kale P G;Thomas R (Zoology Dep, Hindi Vidya Prachar Samiti's, Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College, Ghatkopar (West), Mumbai-400 086) : Clinical evidences: hepatoprotective & nephroprotective potential of Ficus asperrima Roxb. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2014, 3(5), 165-76.

Inhabitants of a small village located in Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), Mumbai, India use decoction of Ficus asperrima Roxb. stem bark to ameliorate ailments like fever and jaundice. The present study was planned to evaluate therapeutic potential of methanolic stem bark extract of F.asperrima on Acetaminophen induced hepatoxicity and Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wister rats. Different groups of animals were administered with Acetaminophen (3 gm/kg, (ip) on day 1 and 300 g/kg on day 2) and Gentamicin (Daily @ 80 mg/kg (ip), for 8 days) for induction of hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity, respectively. Half of these rats were fed on the extracts of Ficus asperima, 500 mg/kg. Clinical parameters like urea, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, alanine aminotranferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotranferase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the serum were analyzed. The methanolic extract of F.asperrima, revealed significant hepatoprotective activity by normalising the elevated enzymatic activities caused due to acetaminophen. F.asperrima extract also showed a significant nephroprotective action as there was decrease in urea, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in gentamicin intoxicated rats. From this study it can be concluded that stem bark of F.asperrima possesses hepato-nephroprotective activities.

23 ref

004322   Gupta M;Khalique M;Putul A;Singh S P (Bhopal birds-ECS, , Madhya Pradesh, Email: bhopalbirds@yahoo.com) : First record of blue tiger moth Dysphania militaris-abnegata prout, 1917 (Lepidoptera : geometridae) in Chhattisgarh. Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 184.

Rare moth Blue tiger (Dysphania militaris) belongs to the Family Geometridae observed at Dharamjaigarh Forest division Chhattisgarh.1t is also one of the few diurnal moths as most moths fly are nocturnal.

2 illus

004321   Gunasingh A;Antoniraj A;Harikaran V;Amarnath M (Zoology Dep, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Puducherry-605 008) : Effect of freeze storage after degutting on the production of TMA-N in two sciaenid fishes Johnius belangerii and Nibea maculata of the coast of Puducherry, India. Pollut Res 2013, 32(2), 289-93.

In this study an attempt has been made to assess the production of TMA-N in the Sciaenid fishes Johnius belangerii and Nibea maculata during cold storage. The impact of storing the fish with gut and after degutting on the production of TMA-N were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of TMAúN as an index for estimating the freshness of fish. The acceptability of the fishes sold in the local market was investigated in relation to the level of TMA-N in the fishes collected from the landing centre. Fishes collected from the landing centre were grouped as Gutted and Without Gut and stored in refrigeration at -4<67> C. The amount of TMA-N produced in the stored fish in increasing days of storage was determined bio-chemically. The increase of TMA-N was proportionately less in the early hours of storage and significantly increased in the final hours of storage during this study. The TMA-N content of fish stored after degutting was lower than the fish stored with gut. Significant proportion of the market samples had TMA-N content above the standard maximum acceptable limit. The present study documents the effectiveness of Trimethylamine-nitrogen in the estimation of the freshness of fish. This study further indicates that the current methods of fish harvesting, transporting, storage and retailing lack sufficient refrigeration.

6 illus, 31 ref

004320   Esakkiammal B (Zoology Dep, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam-627 802, Tamil Nadu) : Studies on the effect of physico chemical parameters of leaf litter wastes on vermicompost using lampito mauritii and eudrilus eugeniae. Pollut Res 2013, 32(2), 343-6.

The aim of this work was to study the physico-chemical properties of leaf litter wastes. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of an exotic earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae and an indigenous earthworm species Lampito mauritii were used for the decomposition of different types of leaf litter wastes into valuable vermicompost. Physico Chemical features of agro wastes before and after composting was analyzed, which increased after vermicomposting.

1 table, 29 ref

004319   Bhan S;Shrankhla;Mohan L;Srivastava C N (Applied Entomology & Vector Control Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Faculty, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005) : Bioefficacy of nanoencapsulated Aspergillus flavus and Cuscuta reflexa combination against anopheline and culicine larvae. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2014, 3(5), 481-96.

Present work assessed the larvicidal toxicity of anoencapsulated mixture, Aspergillus flavus and Phyto extract, Cuscuta reflexa against 3rd instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The nanoparticles were encapsulated by simpler and economical melt-dispersion method in different ratios viz., 1%-8% within a polymer, Polyethylene glycol. Nanoparticles were in the size range of 100-200nm. Larvicidal bioassays showed that nanoformulation with 2% mixture has a greater larvicidal effect, with LC₅₀ 11.16, 7.07 and 1.83 mg/L against anopheline larvae and 13.37, 7.72 and 3.36 mg/L against culicine larvae after 24, 48 and 72 hrs of exposure. It was the most effective than other nanoformulations and non-encapsulated mixture. The data showed that the bioefficacy of 2% nanoformulation increases with the increase of time period. To minimize the hazardous effect of pesticides, the synthesized nanoencapsulated mixture are feasible with eco-friendly, effective and economical approach in mosquito management.

42 ref

004318   Anisha;Shrivastava N;Singh T (Zoology Dep, Udai Pratap College, Varanasi, Uttam Pradesh, Email: tumultapan@yahoo.co.in) : Cytogenetic damage induced by bendiocarb, a carbamate insecticide in the bone marrow of Calotes versicolor. Life Sci Bull 2014, 11(2), 147-9.

The Present work is designed to investigate in vivo cytogenetic effects of bendiocarb, a carbamate insecticide, by evaluating its capability to induce clastogenic effects in the bone marrow cells of garden lizard Culotes versicolor. Adult male garden lizards were acclimatized for one week in the laboratory and then injected daily with an intraperitoneal dose of 4 mg/kg body weight (1/4th LD₅₀) of bendiocarb. The bone marrow was used for Micronucleus (MN)/assay. The obtained data showed significant increase in MN frequency in Polychromatic Erythrocytes (PCE) of the bone marrow after 14th and 21st days of treatment (P≤0.05) and after 28th days of treatment (P≤0.05). This study thus, reveals that significant level of induction is time dependent.

2 illus, 18 ref

004317   Ahmed M O;Mastan S A;Banu S R (Zoology Dep, Osmania College, (Autonomour), Kurnool 518 004, A P) : Sub-lethal effect of cypermethrin on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in various orgn tissues of channa striatus (Bloch). Pollut Res 2013, 32(2), 399-404.

The aim of this study was to investigate the sub lethal effect of Cypermethrin on Succinate dehydrogenase activity in different organ tissues of Channa striatus. The activity of oxidative enzyme SDH significantly decreased in different tissues such as Gills. Kidney, Intestine, Brain and Liver in Channa striatus exposed to sub lethal doses of Cypermethrin, except of 24hrs exposure period. SDH activity steeply decreased from the control, except at 24hrs where there is a sudden increase in the enzyme activity but at 7 day, 15 day, and 20 day there is a decrease in enzyme activity and the maximal decrease at 15day period, but at 30 day period it increase from its earlier decrease at 15 day period and reached nearer to the control. The maximal % suppression in SDH activity in all the tissues of Channa striatus.

2 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

003219   Sattanathan G;Gokulakrishnan S;Rajesh R (Zoology Dep, Government College of Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam-612 001, Email: sattanathanphd@gmail.com) : Efficacy of Cheatomorpha aerea on fish pathogens. LS-Int J Life Sci 2015, 4(1), 37-40.

Study has been focused on to investigate the role of extracts of marine algae Chaetomorpha aerea against fish pathogens. The crude extract of the marine algae has shown promising activity against most of the screened pathogens. The green marine algae chaetomorpha aerea was very active against fish pathogens and could be a good source for the antifungal activity. In partitioning crude extract portioned between ethanolic and petroleum ether. The activity of each phase was screened using the disc diffusion method.

1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref