015229   Harisha M N;Hosetti B B (Post Graduate Studies and Research in Applied Zoology and Wildlife Man, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Shimoga, Karnataka) : Community structure and diversity of butterfly of Kondajji forest, Harihar taulk, Davanagere district, Karnataka, India. J Ent Zool Stud 2016, 4(2), 30-3.

Butterflies were enumerated during February 2007 to January 2008 using Pollard walk method to assess the species diversity in the scrub jungle habitats of Kondajji forest, Harihar, Davanagere District, Karnataka. A total of 53 butterfly species belonging to Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae families were recorded. Six species of butterflies recorded from this region have a protected status under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Habitat destruction in terms of anthropogenic activities can be a potential threat to this area and is suggested to be the reason for the reduction of species richness and abundance of butterflies in the study site.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

015228   Guliyev S M;Kerimova I G (Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Passage 1128/504, Boku, Az 1073, Azerbaijan Republic) : Modern state of the red book mammalia and insecta in the azerbaijan territories of the greater caucasus. Ann Biol Res 2015, 6(5), 33-8.

Paper contains information about mammals and insects entered the Red Book of Azerbaijanand the Red List of 1UCN distributed in the Azerbaijan territories of the Greater Caucasus (South and North slopes). Researche carried out in the 2008-2012 years.

1 table, 20 ref

015227   Ghosh A;Mukherjee T (Zoology Dep, Serampore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, India, Presently at ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, West Bengal) : Butterfly diversity at suburban green patch: a sustainable approach towards conservation. J Ent Zool Stud 2016, 4(2), 34-9.

Butterfly diversity at Serampore, West Bengal, India, was studied on the post monsoon season and the habitat includes tree canopy, shrub, herbs, climbers and grasses. Permanent line transect counts were used to record species richness and abundance of butterfly communities. A total of 38 butterfly species belonging to the families of Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae were identified in the present investigation. Quantification of butterfly diversity and species richness was prime objective of this study. This study revealed that even a small natural green patch of a highly populated suburban riverside may hold a high species richness and evenness of butterfly diversity.

9 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

015226   Chakravarthy A K;Kamar V;Lokeshwari D;Rani A T;Nagaraj T;Rajan V V (Entomology and Nematology Div, Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru-560 089, Email: lokibiotech@gmail.com) : The black-spotted yellow shoot-and-fruit borer, Conogethes spp. (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)- a global perspective. Curr Sci 2015, 109(6), 1016-18.

^ssc15 ref

015225   Biswas O;Modak B K;Mazumder A;Mitra B (NO, , Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053) : Moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) diversity of sunderban biosphere reserve, India and their pest status to economically important plants. J Ent Zool Stud 2016, 4(2), 13-19.

Present communication gives a comprehensive account of moth (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Indian Sunderbans. Total 45 species have been reported from Indian part of Sunderban Biosphere Reserve. Among them, 16 species are reported for the first time from Sunderban Biosphere Reserve of which 9 species are reported for the first time from the state of West Bengal, India. Moreover, 25 species are found as recognised pests of different agriculturally important plants of India.

2 illus, 1 table, 63 ref

014225   Upadhyay M;Sharma V (Zoology Dep, Sophia College, AJMER, Email: vivekherps@gmail.com) : Preliminary checklist of avian fauna of rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 209-13.

Present article is preliminary information about the avian diversity occurring in Rajouri district of Jammu region from Jammu and Kashmir province. It is based on random surveys conducted during the various field trials. Overall 81 avian species were identified and only confined to the terrestrial species excluding the water birds or birds of wetland.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

014224   Tripathi R B (P.G. Zoology Dep, M.L.K.P.G.College, Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh) : Zoobenthos in relation to water parameters of Seetadwar lake of Shravasti district (U.P) India. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 214-18.

In the present study, several physico-chemical parameters such as DO (11.5 - 17.0 ppm), free CO₂ (5.0 - 20.0 ppm), total alkalinity (110-145) ppm), chloride (19.0 - 97.0 ppm), organic Carbon (1.28 - 22.80 mg g^{-1) and transparency (71-90 cm) were studied. Variation in zoobenthos from the selected fields were examined by calculating taxa Annelids and Molluscs, three taxa were found in the study. Tubifex tubifex and Nepheles sp. were the most dominant sp. which indicated clean water of the lake. The correlation between zoobenthos diversity and physico-chemical parameters were also studied in lake.}

2 tables, 27 ref

014223   Sultana F;Khan S;Nabi G (Zoology Dep, J.D.B.Govt.PG Girls College, Kota, Email: drfatimachha2009@gmail.com) : Occupancy and habitat use of sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) in Mukundara hills tiger reserve, Rajasthan, India. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 203-8.

Project was undertaken to study sloth bear occupancy and habitat use in MHTR. Direct encounter and sign survey along trail roads were used for presence absence survey. Habitat type and activity were measured whenever bear were sighted. Vegetation count was also carried out during the survey for measuring the habitat suitability for sloth bears in MHTR. All locations of scats, tracks or other bear signs were plotted on QGIS map using a Garmin GPS. Bears occupied mainly the dense forest adjoining the villages, six dens of sloth bear were identified; occurrence of sloth bear den in the study area reflected the favorable habitat for bears. Sloth bears were encountered 54 times during the survey. Data collected from the 132 sample plots indicated that the available habitat was mixed forest (53%), scrub land (15.1%), open land (15.1%) land near water (11.3%) and whereas crop represented nil available habitat type. Occurrence of bear sign was high in mixed forest, followed by land near water bodies, open land, scrub; agricultural fields received the nil use.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

014222   Singla N (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: neenasingla@gmail.com) : Anti-reproductive effects of total glycosides of Tripterygium Wilfordii in male house rat, Rattus rattus. Appl biol Res 2015, 17(3), 302-6.

Present study was conducted to evaluate anti-reproductive effects of total glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) (Thunder God Vine), in male House rat, Rattus rattus, a predominant rodent pest species found in commensal situations in Punjab, India. Mature male rats were fed on bait (cracked wheat and powdered sugar, 98: 2) containing 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% GTW for 10 days in no-choice feeding tests. Results revealed 67.285.2% acceptability of treated bait over untreated bait. Autopsy of rats after 30 days of treatment withdrawal revealed significant (P=0.05) reduction in weights of testes and epididymides. The sperm motility, live sperm count and sperm concentration in the cauda epididymal fluid of treated rats was also reduced significantly compared to that in untreated rats. The major abnormality in sperm morphology was sperm head tail separation. Results suggest the use of GTW for reducing reproduction of R. rattus in integration with chemical control.

1 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

014221   Singh P;Sangha G K (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: sanghagk@hotmail.com) : Morphometric analysis of male and female Rats inhabiting South-West region of Punjab in North India. Indian J Ecol 2015, 42(1), 65-8.

South-Western region of Punjab is known for its high pesticide use and deteriorated ground water quality mainly caused due to agrochemical processes and extensive use of phosphate fertilizers. The present study was designed to examine the adverse effects of environmental contaminants on biometric parameters, vital and endocrine organs in Rattus rattus, Tatera indica and Bandicota bengalensis inhabiting South-West region of Punjab in North India. There were significantly decreased length of head, tail, forelimb, hind limb, ear and girth of the field male and female rats as compared to control rats. Significantly decreased weight of kidney, lungs, liver, heart and spleen in male and female rats inhabiting South-West region of Punjab was also observed. The size and weight of the thyroid and parathyroid decreased significantly in field male and female rats of different species as compared to control rats while the weight of adrenal glands did not vary in these rats as compared to control rats except for Tatera indica male where it was significantly increased in Bathinda rats as compared to control rats. From present studies we conclude that exposure of multiple pesticides/environmental contaminants for prolonged period has affected the biometrics and health of Rattus rattus, Tatera indica and Bandicota bengalensis field rats thereby disrupting various metabolic and physiological processes.

6 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

014220   Shrivastava V;Verma A K;Chandra P;Roy S D (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Email: vivek03cof@gmail.com) : Optimization of trickling bio filter at different water flow rates and filter media thicknesses. Pollut Res 2015, 34(3), 619-27.

Efficiency of Trickling bio filter varies with type of filter media, filter media thickness and water flow rates. Two types of filter media viz. Charcoal and Molluscan shell with different thicknesses (10, 15 and 20 cm) at varied water flow rate (6, 8 and 10 L min^{-1) were used for experiment. A recirculatory assembly prepared with the components FRP conico-cylindrical jars (upper diameter 60cm, lower diameter 45 cm and depth 60 cm) used as filter chambers, cemented tanks of (155*100*65 cm) used as water reservoir and an electric motor (0.5hp) for recirculating purpose was used. Water flow rates were regulated by gate valves. The total experimental period was of 180 days in which, three experiments were conducted. During 1st experiment (60 days), media thickness kept at 10 cm having flow rates of 6, 8 and 10 L min-1, which were intermittently changed by regulated valves at every 15 days interval. In 2nd experiment, media thickness of filter media was increased from 10 to 15 cm and flow rate was kept the same (6, 8 and 10 L min-1) as in 1st experiment. Further for 3rd experiment, filter media thickness was increased from 15 to 20 cm and flow rates was kept the same like that of 1st and 2nd experiment. Water quality parameters viz. ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, dissolve oxygen, pH and temperature were observed at different combination of filter media thicknesses and water flow rates. Optimum value for ammonia and nitrite was found in molluscan shell treated group at 20 cm media thickness and 10 Imin-1 flow rate compared to other media thickness and flow rates, optimum value of nitrate and dissolve oxygen observed in charcoal treated group and molluscan shell treated group respectively at 20 cm media thickness and 8 Imin-1 flow rate compared to other media thickness and flow rates. Phosphate value was found suitable in molluscan shell treated groups at 10 cm thickness and 8 Imin-1 flow rate while optimum value of temperature was found at 20 cm thickness and 8 L min-1 flow rate. Hence 20 cm filter media thickness was found most suitable to optimized a trickling bio filter with a flow rate of 6 or 8 1 min-1 in molluscan shell filter media.}

1 illus, 9 tables, 14 ref

014219   Ramesh C H;Mohanraju R;Karthick F;Murthy K N (Ocean Studies and Marine Biology Dep, Pondicherry Central Univ, Port Blair-744 102, Email: chrameshpu@gmail.com) : Phototaxis response of some zooplankton. Int J Sci Nat 2015, 6(2), 245-7.

The impact of light on movement response of some zooplanktons was observed with a light experiment spanning different wavelengths of lights pertaining to VIBGYOR, UV, Laser, White and Dark. Certain zooplanktons exhibited positive phototaxis to Red light (gastropod and medusa larvaes), Laser light (nauplii and brachiolaria larvaes), Yellow light (bipinnaria larvae), Blue, Orange, White and in absence of light (a species of cladoceran). Zooplanktons were found to be absent (in surface water) under UV, Violet, Indigo and Green light sources. Results of this study imply that for behavioural (phototaxis) studies and collection of zooplanktons, this method could be employed.

2 illus, 8 ref

014218   Ragini Kumari;Roy P K;Ghosh T K (Ichthyology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, T.M. Bhagalpur Univ, Bhagalpur-812 007) : Bimodal oxygen uptake of freshwater air-breathing featherback, Notopterus knotopterus (Pallas). J Inld Fish Soc India 2015, 47(1), 1-9.

Oxygen uptake through gills and the swim bladder in relation to body weight have been measured in Notopterus notopterus at 24.5±1.0 °C, using closed glass respirometer. With increase in body weight from 4.90 to 90.00 g, the rate of oxygen uptake per unit time (ml O₂ h^{-1) increased from 1.520 to 4.113,0.994 to 3.033 and 2.514 to 7.146 mlO₂ h-1 through air, water and air+water respectively. The slope 'b' of the regression line for oxygen uptake per unit time in relation to body weight from air, water and total (air+water) were found to be 0.318, 0.403 and 0.350 respectively. The relationship has been found highly significant. The weight specific oxygen consumption in relation to body weight mlO₂ kg-1 h-1 from air, water and air + water decreased from 309.750 to 45.700,202.825 to 33.770 and 512.575 to 79.400 mlO₂ kg-1 h-1 respectively with gradual increase in the body weight from 4.90 to 90.00 g. The log-log plot between the two variables gave straight lines with the slope 'b' of-0.618, -0.597 and-0.649 through air, water and air+water respectively. It has been estimated that a N. notopterus having average body weight of 29.01 g, extracted about 63% of oxygen from aerial route while only 37% through its aquatic route.}

2 illus, 3 tables, 50 ref

014217   Pemola Devi N;Singh S;Jauhari R K (Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, D.A.V.(P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Email: npmola@rediffmail.com) : Biotic and abiotic components associated with freshwater snails at Gularghati in doon valley, Uttarakhand. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 219-24.

Present work was carried out for the occurrence of aquatic flora and fauna associated with freshwater snails. Monthly zooplankton and phytoplankton samples were obtained from selected sampling sites at Gularghati in Doon valley. In gastropods, 7 species of freshwater snails, viz., Lymnaea acuminata, Thiara tuberculata, Melanoides crebra, Thiara scabra, Indoplanorbis exustus, Physa acuta and Gyraulus convexiusculus were collected. Abundance of biotic community showed maximum in the winter season and the site reservoir contributed maximum. Both phyto and zooplankton showed positive correlation with conductivity and negative correlation with other selected parameters. On the other hand snails exhibited negative correlation with potassium and hardness.

1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

014216   Pathak A;Srivastav A K (Parasitological Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College, Jhansi-284 001, Email: akscks@rediffmail.com) : First report of a new caryophyllid worm, Pseudoinverta oraiensis N.G., N.SP. from Clarias batrachus (Linn.). Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 225-9.

New cestode Pseudoinverta oraiensis n.g.,n.sp. is described from the fresh water catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) The present form differs from all the known genera of the family Capingentidae^{6 in the shape of ovary and other characters.}

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

014215   Padmanabha A;Reddy H R V;Mridula Rajesh;Bhat A;Khavi M (Aquatic Environment Management Dep, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences Univ, College of Fisheries, Mangalore-575 002, Email: padmanabha218@gmail.com) : Antioxidant enzyme activities in gills of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio (L.) as biomarkers of exposure to organophosphorous pesticide. Pollut Res 2015, 34(3), 553-60.

Present investigation was carried out to evaluate antioxidant enzyme activities in gills of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio exposed to organophosphorous pesticide, quinalphos (25% emulsified concentration). Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels were measured spectrophotometrically in gills of fish treated with two sub-lethal concentration of quinalphos viz., 0.275 ppm and 0.55 ppm along with control as reference for 4, 8,16 and 32 days. Fish exhibited significant increase in lipid peroxidation, suggesting quinalphos-mediated free radical production caused oxidative stress. The experimental concentration of quinalphos evoked different degree of activity in gill tissue; the increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase with corresponding increase in the activity of glutathione reductase indicates the glutathione conjugation of the pesticide; activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased drastically after 32nd day exposure to sub-lethal concentration of pesticide. The significant increase in the intensity of damages in experimental tissue accompanying prolonged exposure, points to the risk of these fishes in chronically polluted environment. The present investigation recommends the utility of antioxidant enzyme activities as a biomarker to assess toxic effects.

6 illus, 34 ref

014214   Lalita;Saxena R (Zoology Dep, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243 005, Email: lalitakamal07@gmail.com) : Nematicidal activity of the leaf extract of Vinca rosea, carbofuran and their combinations against Meloidogyne incognita indesting papaya. Pesticide Res J 2015, 27(2), 266-70.

The nematicidal efficacy of the leaf extract of Vinca rosea (250ppm) and carbofuran (7.5 ppm) alone, and their different combinations viz. 9: 1, 8: 2, 7: 3, 6: 4 and 5: 5 for the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vivo in papaya plant cv., Honey Dew in pots as well as micro plots is reported. V. rosea (250ppm) alone in pots and a 5: 5 combination of V. rosea (250ppm) and carbofuran (7.5 ppm) in micro plot were significantly effective in influencing the plant growth parameters as well as in reducing population density of root-knot nematode, M. incognita.

4 tables, 18 ref

014213   Kilicgun H;Arda N;Ucar E O (Nutrition and Dietectic Dep, School of Health, Erzincan Univ, 24100, Erzincan, Turkey, Email: hkilicgun@hotmail.com) : Identification of longevity, fertility and growth-promoting properties of pomegranate in Caenorhabditis elegans. Pharmacog Mag 2015, 11(42), 356-9.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is commonly consumed as fresh fruit and fruit juice. It is also used in the production of jam, wine, food coloring agent, and flavor enhancer. The aim of this study was to identify the possible longevity, fertility and growth promoting properties of different ethanolic extract concentrations of pomegranate in Caenorhabditis elegans, which is increasingly popular and has proven to be a very useful experimental model organism for aging studies as well as for testing antioxidants and other compounds for effects on longevity. In this study, five experimental groups (20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg pomegranate extract/mL and one control group) were used to determine the most effective dose of pomegranate in terms of longevity, fertility and growth parameters. It was seen that, pomegranate extracts up to the concentration of 5 mg/mL, had the potential to promote for the longevity, formation of new generations, fertility of new generations and growth properties of C. elegans although higher concentrations significantly reduced these parameters. these findings indicated that pomegranate could be used as a supplement to enhance longevity, fertility and growth rate for the other living organisms and human beings, but the dose should be carefully adjusted to avoid adverse effects.

5 illus, 28 ref

014212   Khandale D P;Adbale N A;Khinchi P J;Chilke A M (Toxicology and Biomonitoring Div, Zoology Dep, Shree Shivaji Arts, Commerce and Science College, Rajura-442 905, Email: achilke.2011@rediffmail.com) : Lethal impact of p-nonylphenol on snake head fish, Channa punctatus (bloch, 1793). Pollut Res 2015, 34(3), 603-5.

Para-Nonylphenol(NP) is an organic phenolic compound present in the domestic and most of the industrial discharges. It has extensive impact on the plants and animals. However, fish is highly responsive aquatic vertebrate as far as toxic effects of poisonous substances are concerned. When the fish was exposed to low concentration of NP it does not showed any behavioural changes but, when the concentrations were gradually increased fish started showing the sign of distress. In the present study the lethal concentration of p-Nonylphenol was calculated to be 15.51 ppm and beyond 16.50 ppm Channa punctatus exhibited 100% mortality. The linear regression values obtained is y=20.32x-263.29. The coefficient correlation obtained is R^{2=0.7139. Throughout the experimental tenure the pH and temperature of water was maintained to get rid of its impact towards mortality of fish.}

3 illus, 16 ref

014211   Khairmode P V;Sathe T V (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: profdrtvasthe@rediffmail.com) : On a new species of the genus Lechriops schonherr coleoptera: Curculionidae). Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 191-4.

Weevils are destructive insects of agriculture and forest crop plants. Therefore, a new species Lechriops kolhapurensis sp. nov. has been described for the first time. This species runs close to L. oculata (Say) by having following characters: 1. Color pattern, 2. Eyes completely dorsal, 3. Scale color brown, black and pale white. However, it is different from the above species Loculata (Say, 1824) by having following characters- 1. Frons reduced, 2. Banding pattern of scales on body, 3. Elytral apex truncate, 4. White band present on scutellum, 5. Eyes more convex than L. oculata.

11 ref

014210   Kannan R R;Iniyan A M;Vincent S G P (Molecular Nanomedicine and Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Univ, Chennai, Email: vsgprakash.icn@gmail.com) : Chemical genetic effects of Sargassum wightii during embryonic development in zebrafish. Indian J Pharmac 2015, 47(2), 195-8.

Phenotype based small molecule discovery is a category of chemical genetic study. The aim of this study was to observe the phytochemical based genetic effects of Sargassum wightii during organogenesis in embryonic zebrafish. The phytomolecules from S. wightii were extracted using organic solvents and treated with the 24 h old developing zebrafish embryos. The active extract was partially purified by column chromatography, C₁₈ Sep-Pak column and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Initially, cardiac bulging was found in 2 dpf to 3 dpf (days post fertilization), then bradycardia and tubular heart were observed in the next 8 h, which also showed the reduction in the heart beat rates. The phenotypic mutation effects of bre, has, dou yan, heg and you were observed in the 3 dpf and 4 dpf of the extract treated zebrafish embryos. This study demonstrated that the phytomolecules from S. wightii exhibited potential molecular switches on the developmental process, which might have significant role in understanding the development based chemical genetic studies in zebrafish.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

014209   Jawale C A (Zoology Dep, Shri Madhavrao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Murum Dist-Osmanabad, Maharashtra-413 605, Email: drcajawale@gmail.com) : Impact of sub-lethal concentration of dimethoate (Rogor) pesticide on alkaline phosphatase activity in gills of freshwater fish, Catla catla. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 199-202.

Effect of pesticides on phosphatase activity is very much limited in fishes. Acid and alkaline phosphatases are known as inducible enzymes whose activity in animal tissues goes up when there is a toxic impact and the enzymes begin to counteract. The enzymes activity may begin to drop either as a result of having partly or fully countered the toxin and cells also damaged. Alkaline phosphatase activity was found in the gills decreased in experimental fishes, but in control fishes, its value was maximum. Enzymes activities were reduced. Detailed results are summarized in the present paper.

1 illus, 24 ref

014208   Gupta S (Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari P.G. College, Jhansi-284 001, Email: gbrillient@hotmail.com) : Assessment of pollution hazards in ponds at banda (U.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 235-40.

Three perennial ponds namely Sahab talab, Chhabi talab and Pragi talab of Banda city were studied. Their water analysis was done for the physical and chemical factors viz. Colour, Turbidity, water temperature, pH, CO₂, D.O., B.O.D., chloride, carbonates, bicarbonates, total alkalinity, ammonical nitrogen, nitrate, phosphate considering the effects of meteorological conditions viz. photoperiod, atmospheric temperature, rainfall and relative humidity to assess the hazardous effects on the economically important bio-productivity viz. algae and fishes. During the study, it was marked that due to pollution the growth of the fishes was badly effected which have economic importance as food value besides such water is also hazardous to the living beings which consume it. It was found that B.O.D., chloride, nitrate, phosphate were quite high which are the indicators of water pollution. The management of the ponds under study will be suggested for their proper scientific management. Obviously such water bodies might be used for an optimum bio-productivity and consumption without any hazards. So the economic condition and well being for human health along with the employment might be enhanced.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

014207   Gandotra R;Vivek;Singh D (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Food and feeding habit of different age groups of Aspidoparia morar (HAM.). J Inld Fish Soc India 2015, 47(1), 18-26.

Study deals with the seasonal variations in natural diet, relative abundance of food items, Gastro somatic index (GSI) and Relative Gut Length (RGL) value of different age groups of Aspidoparia morar inhabiting river Tawi and its tributaries in Jammu region. The results revealed that the fish is mainly a herbi-omnivorous and euryphagic column feeder. The RGL value was observed to increase from 0+ age group (1.02) to 3+ age group (1.15) while GSI was maximum (4.41) in immature 0+ age group and decreased with increase in the fish length and age.

6 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

014206   Deshmukh V S;Nanware S S;Bhure D B (Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602, Email: snanware@rediffmail.com) : Biosystematic studies on caryophyllidean cestode genus Lytocestus from freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus with description of new species. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 179-90.

Present study deals with Biosystematics of Piscean tapeworm Lytocestus indica Sp. Nov. collected from intestine of freshwater catfish host Clarias batrachus^{24 at Nanded (M.S.) India. Worm comes closer to all known species of Lytocesus4 in general topography of organs but differs due to mature specimens long, single segmented, tapering at both ends, head long, well marked off from body, Testes rounded, 1000-1100 in number, pre-ovarian, placed centrally, evenly distributed, Cirrus pouch large, cylindrical, pre-ovarian, transversely placed, cirrus thin, curved, vas deferens short, thin, genital pore small, oval, vagina long, thin tube, Ovary bilobed, V shaped, situated near posterior region of worm, uterus saccular, filled with numerous non-operculated eggs and Vitellaria follicular, arranged in two rows.}

2 illus, 55 ref

014205   Das D (Zoology Dep, Tufanganf Mahavidyalaya, Coochbehar-736 160) : Ichthyofaunal diversity of river Torsa and its tributaries at terai region of West Bengal, India. Int J Sci Nat 2015, 6(2), 256-63.

A study was carried out during 2013 - 2015 to record the present ichthyofaunal diversity in river Torsa and its tributaries at Terai region of West Bengal. One hundred and five species belong to nine order and 29 families were recorded during the study. Cyprinidae representing the highest number of recorded species, followed by family Bagridae (8 in number) then family Sisoridae (7) and family Cobitidae (6). Ninety one out of hundred and five types of fishes were recorded from Cypriniformes (50 no.), from Siluriformes (25 No.) and from Perciformes (16 in number). It is observed that according to IUCN red list one Endangered, two Vulnerable and 10 Near Threatened species were recorded from river Torsa and its tributaries during the study. It is noted that 52 species were recorded as food fish, 21 species used as an ornamental fish and another 32 species have both food as well as ornamental value. According to IUCN, trend of 22 species is decreasing and our observation recorded 48 species were found under 'rare' or 'very rare' category, those needs further investigation for their conservation.

1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

014204   Chetia Borah B;Gogoi R;Rahman A;Hussain M (Fisheries Research Center, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat-13) : Biology of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) raised in small ponds of Assam. J Inld Fish Soc India 2015, 47(1), 27-35.

Present communication includes certain biological aspects of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) raised in ponds (100 m2) of Assam. The length-weight relationship showed linear relationship for male (Log W= -1.935+2.841 Log L), female (Log W= -2.514+ 3.269 Log L) and sexes combined (Log W= -2.437+ 3.211 Log L). The analysis of the gut contents showed presence of bivalves, crustaceans, insects, etc. The average relative length of gut recorded in the present study was 0.54, which reveals that the species is basically carnivorous in nature. The fecundity of the species ranged from 340- 4493 nos. in fishes of weight ranging from 30- 290 g and total length of 16.7- 32.5 cm. In females of N. notopterus, the G.S.I ranged from 0.63- 8.25, while in males it ranged from 0.15-1.08, with highest value in June. The pattern of gonadal development indicated that the species breeds once in a year with breeding period commencing from April to July, with peak during May-June. The study revealed that the species grows well and breeds naturally in pond condition and can be a potential candidate for utilization of small homestead ponds available in almost every household of rural Assam, which are not suitable for culture of carps for securing protein nutrition to rural resource poor household.

15 illus, 27 ref

014203   Bhure D B;Nanware S S;Deshmukh V S (Research & PG Dep of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602, Email: drajbhure82@gmail.com) : Biochemical contents of pisicean cestode genus Senga<. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 230-4.

Present study deals with biochemical contents viz. glycogen, proteins and lipids which were estimated in normal, infected intestine and their relevant six species of pseudophyllidean tapeworm of genus Senga^{10 viz. S. maharastitrii14, S.Jadhavae1, S. madhavae2, S. safarferis3, S. mangalbaiae4 and S. microrostellata6, parasitic in Mastacembelus armatus17. The normal intestinal tissue contained more glycogen, protein and lipids as compared to infected intestinal tissue, where was low biochemical content in all the species of the genus Senga. Intestinal parasites were capable of extracting nutritious materials from their host and thus represented a high level in glycogen, protein and lipid.}

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

014202   Bashir M;Kamili A S;Bhat M A;Mir S A (Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, S.K. Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Mirgund, Baramulla, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: masarat.bashir4@gmail.com) : Estimates of genetic traits in silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Appl biol Res 2015, 17(3), 250-8.

The genetic parameters, trait association and path coefficient analysis between silkgland weight and its attributes of 10 silkworm genotypes were studied during spring and summer seasons of 2010-11 at TSRI, SKUAST-Kashmir (Mirgund). The genotypes exhibited wide range variability for all the traits studied. High heritability accompanied by moderate to high genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic gain were observed for filament length, shell ratio, single shell weight and filament size. Correlation studies indicated that during spring season, silkgland weight showed positive and significant correlation with shell ratio, while it showed significantly negative association with silkgland somatic index, while during summer season it showed significant positive association with all the traits except silk conversion index. The silkgland attributes exhibited varied magnitude of direct effects on silkgland weight during both spring and summer season. During summer season single shell weight showed the highest direct positive effect on silkgland weight which was followed by the filament length, while during spring season, highest positive direct effect on silkgland weight was exhibited by cocoon shell percentage(3.574) and single shell weight (3.346).

1 illus, 6 tables, 30 ref

014201   Baghel C L;Srivastav A K (Office of Additional Deirector, Medicinal Health and Family Welfare, Jhansi Div, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Significant effect of turpentine oil against the larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 173-8.

Present study assessed the role of larvicidal efficacy in different solvents of turpentine oil against the larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse (Figure-01), the vector of Chickenguniya and Dengue. Twenty five third instar larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse were exposed to 10ppm, 50ppm and 100ppm solutions of turpentine oil with alcohol and ether. These were assayed in entomological laboratory. The larval mortality was observed after 8, 16 and 24 hrs alternatively. It was calculated and corrected by Abbott's formula and the number of larval mortality was observed in controls. Values were observed with different concentrations.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

014200   Alam M N;Lakshmi V (Zoology Dep, Vinoba Bhave Univ, Hazaribag-825 301) : Histo-pathological changes in the kidney and intestine of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) under bayrusil exposure. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 260-4.

Present study deals with the toxic effect of an organo - phosphate pestiide, Bayrusil on the Kidney and intestine of an air-breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Shrinkage of glomeruli, formation of narrow spaces in the Bowman's capsule, flattening of the cells of renal epithelium in the kidney mass and disruption of serosal layer, loose texture of circular and longitudinal muscle, rupture of intestinal villi at some places were some of the histo-pathological changes in the Kidney and intestine of the test fish under bayrusil exposure.

4 illus, 25 ref

014199   Agrawal R;Sharma J;Kumar P (Zoology Dep, B.S.A.(PG) College, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, Email: pk_sharma75@yahoo.com) : Impact on growth and reproductive of E. foetida in vegetable waste during vermicomposting. Flora Fauna 2015, 21(2), 195-8.

Earthworm as one of the best means of abating organic population and also to minimize indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers. Earthworms have important functions by virtue of their feeding and general behavioural activities like burrowing, digesting, excreting with micro-organisms and supporting further decomposition of biodegradable matters. The growth and reproductive efficiency of locally available earthworm species, Eisenia foetida was accessed in various urban wastes such as vegetable wastes found in market. Maximum weight and length of Eisenia foetida was noted in 90 days. Similarly the maximum biomass of 1234 (±0.04) g of earthworm in the VMW was also noted in 90 days, the worms when introduced into wastes thus showed an increased growth rate and reproduction activities.

3 tables, 16 ref

013216   Zheng X;Li J;Chen Z;Liu Y;Chen K (Identification and Assessment of TCM, Hubei Univ of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuchang Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 1<35>, Wuhan-430 065, Hubei Province, China, Email: kelichen@126.com) : Purification and characterization of an anticoagulant oligopeptide from Whitmania pigra Whitman. Pharmacog Mag 2015, 11(43), 444-8.

Gel filtration on Sephadex G 50, ion exchange on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, and semi prepared high performance liquid chromatography were used to purify Hirudo. Automated coagulation analyzer was used for evaluating anticoagulant activity. Molecular weight was measured by Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Amino acid sequence of the oligopeptide was measured by amino acid sequence analyzer. A new anticoagulant, named whitide, isolated from Hirudo was purified, with a molecular weight 1997.1 Da. Amino acid sequence of the oligopeptide was identified as Gly-Pro-ALa-Gly-Hyp-Val-Gly-Ala-Hyp-Gly-Gly-Hyp-Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Leu-Hy p-Gly-Asp-Arg-Gly. The results revealed that its amino acid sequence had strong homology to various types of collagen. Whitide might be an orally anticoagulant for its hot and trypsin stable.

4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

013215   Sundar S T B;D'Souza P E (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, Email: drbinosundar@yahoo.co.in) : Survival, activity and release of antigenic excretory secretory products and microfilariae of Setaria digitata maintained in artificial media. J parasitic Dis 2015, 39(1), 107-9.

The survival, activity and release of excretory secretory products from Setaria digitata, the filarial worm of cattle was studied. Adult female worms were maintained in vitro in DMEM and Tyrode solution. Worms incubated in DMEM were alive and very active for 2 days. The activity was moderate for another 2 days and after the fourth day increased mortality was observed. Antigenic excretory secretory products were also released. Worms incubated in Tyrode solution were very active without any mortality up to 4 h of incubation. Copious amount of ova and microfilaria were shed by the incubated worms in a lime-dependent manner.

7 ref

013214   Singh P;Madan J;Gupta N (Zoology Dep, Govt. Raza P.G. College, Rampur-244 901, Email: drnidhigpta@gmail.com) : Egg shell morphology of an amblyceran louse, Hohorstiella rampurensis (Phthiraptera) infesting ring dove, Streptopelis decaocta. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(1), 469-72.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study showed that miniature rice grain like egg shell of Hohorstiella rampurensis was covered by obliquely placed opercular disc. The apophyses were present only on one side of the egg shell. There were 25-35 long elongated rod like apophyses (apically turned), which were arranged in 3-4 rows and occurred in pair. The nature of egg shell of H. rampurensis characteristically differed from that of H. lata (the only species of Hohorstiella studied, so far). The study further indicates about the role of egg morphology as a guide to louse taxonomy.

12 ref

013213   Sharma P;Singh R;Jan M (Zoology and Biomedical Sciences Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sehrawat_r@yahoo.com) : Dose-dependent effect of deltamethrin in testis, liver, and kidney of wistar rats. Toxic int 2014, 21(2), 131-9.

Twenty-four rats were divided in four groups of 6 each. Group A served as normal control. Group B, C, and D were administered with different doses (2 or 3 or 6 mg/kg corresponding to 1/30th or 1/20th or 1/10th of LD₅₀, respectively) of deltamethrin for 28 days. Deltamethrin exposure caused a significant reduction in weight of reproductive organs, decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, serum testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormones (FSH), and luteinizing hormones (LH) in testis. Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were decreased in testis, liver and kidney of exposed rats. Deltamethrin exposure significantly increased sperm abnormalities in testis. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was observed in testis, liver and kidney. Deltamethrin also caused histological alterations in testes, liver, and kidney. The results indicated that deltamethrin at a dose of 6 mg/kg exerts significant harmful effects on testes, liver and kidney as compare to 2 mg and 3 mg/kg. The study concluded that the system toxicity induced by deltamethrin was dose dependent.

13 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

013212   Sharma B (Zoology Dep, D.N.P.G. College Meerut, Uttarpradesh) : Prevalence of cestode parasites in fresh water fish, Channa punctatus from Meerut (Uttarpradesh) India. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(1), 485-8.

Present investigation deals with the prevalence of three cestode parasites viz. Lytocestus sp., Proteocephalus sp. and Gangesia sp. collected from the intestine of a freshwater fish Channa punctatus in different blocks of Meerut region (U.P.) India during June, 2014 to May, 2015. A total of 125 parasites were collected throughout the year. The high incidence of infection of all these species Lytocestus sp., Proteocephalus sp., Gangesia sp. was recorded in summer season (70.83%, 77.27% abd 72% respectively) followed by winter season (63.63%, 57.89% abd 52.38% respectively) whereas infection was low in monsoon season (36.84%, 27.78% abd 23.52% respectively). The present study clearly indicates that the intensity of infection throughout the year was found highest in summer season followed by winter and lowest in monsoon. Findings show that beginning of the breeding period, feeding habitat, presence of intermediate host and environmental factors are influencing the seasonality of cestode parasitic infection.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

013211   Rameshkumar G;Ravichandran S (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: grkumarcas@gmail.com) : First occurrence of Norileca triangulata (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cynothoidae) from Indian marine fishes. J parasitic Dis 2015, 39(1), 33-6.

An ectoparasitic isopod, Norileca triangulata was found in the branchial cavity of Sardinella gibbosa at Parangipettai coastal waters. The present findings represent the first record of N. triangulata and herein reported. Until now, this species was distributed from Tanimdao Island, Philippines and from Queensland-Eel Reef, Cape York; Michaelmas Cay, near Cairns and Mooloobah, south-eastern Queensland. The range is here extended and now includes to the Southeast coast of India. The materials examined were deposited at the Annamalai University, India (collection Ravichandran). The parasites has been found on 16 out of 16 specimens of S. gibbosa. The prevalence of N. triangulata on S. gibbosa was 7.5% and mean intensity was 1. The host fish length ranges from 140 to 182 mm. It is further confirmed that the parasites were specific in the selection of host 5. gibbosa. Previously N. triangulata was reported from two hosts Parexocoetus brachypterus. Females of N. triangulata ranges 12-18 mm but not found in males. As summarized comparative characteristic feature of two species of parasitic isopods of Norileca indica and N. triangulata. Host species were captured on pelagic region from the coast of Parangipettai. N. triangulata can be distinguished from N. indica by several characters. A related species N. indica has the head to the anterior, and the abdomen facing outwards, pressed against the gill operculum, positioned ventrally in the gill cavity.

2 illus, 16 ref

013210   Monfared A L;Mahmoodi M;Fattahi R (Paraveterinary Faculty of Ilam, Univ of Ilam, Ilam, Iran) : Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle, sheep and goats in ilam county, Ilam province, Iran. J parasitic Dis 2015, 39(1), 37-40.

This survey was performed to find out the infestation rate of Ixodidae ticks in domestic ruminants in Ilam County during 21 March 2009 to 23 August 2009. Sampling was performed in 25 villages and 15 animal farm from different areas of this County. A total of 1,316 ticks were collected from 416 cattle, 208 sheep and 147 goats. The overall prevalence of ticks was recorded: 43, 23.5, and 49/6% in cattle, sheep, and goats respectively. The number of ticks that collected from cattle, sheep, and goat were 328, 573, and 415 respectively. According to the host, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (71.4%), Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum (17.6%) and Rhipicephalus bursa (11%) were collected from cattle. Hy. anatolicum (32.1%), Rh. bursa (42.2%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (17.3%) and Haemaphysalis inermis (8.4%) were collected in sheep. Rh. bursa (41.5%), Rh. sanguineus (43.2%) and Ha. inermis (15.3%) were observed in goats. In this study, ticks infestation rate of cattle, sheep and goat were (43%), (23.5%) and (49.6%) respectively. In this survey the ticks distribution on the body surface of infested ruminants the highest infestation was found in the udder and tail (21%) in cattle, ear (42.5%) and tail (30%) in sheep and ear (63%) and tail (17%) in goats. The lowest number of ticks in body surface of ruminants was observed in the ear and shoulder (2%) in cattle, head and neck (2%) in sheep and udder (7%) in goats. Hy. anatolicum anatolicum, Rh. Sanguineus and Rh. bursa were dominant tick in domestic ruminants of Ham County.

3 tables, 18 ref

013209   Mondal J;Dey C (Zoology Dep, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly-712 201, Email: chiranjeeb123@yahoo.co.in) : Lipid and fatty acid compositions of a trematode, Isoparorchis hypselobagri billet, 1898 (Digenea: Isoparorchiidae) infecting swim bladder of Wallago attu in the district north 24-paganas of West Bengal. J parasitic Dis 2015, 39(1), 67-72.

Lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of a digenetic trematode, Isoparorchis hypselobagri inhabiting swim bladder of Wallago attu were analyzed by TLC and GLC. The total lipid (TL) and percent content of neutral lipid (NL, 61.59), glycolipid (GL, 19.78) and phospholipid (PL, 18.62) were recorded. The total lipid is 3.81% of the wet weight of the body tissue. The total percent of saturates, monoenes, dienes and polyenes in TL, NL, GL, and PL of the parasite were 52.0, 49.7,57.9,61.5; 31.7,31.8, 33.1,26.3; 5.7,5.7,4.7,4.2; as well as 10.33, 12.6, 4.3, 7.4 respectively. Diunsaturated fatty acids were present in low amount. Palmitic 16:0 (among all saturates) and oleic 18:1(09 (among all unsaturates) acids were the predominant fatty acids in the parasite recorded.

2 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

013208   Majumder S;Panda S;Bandyopadhyay P K (Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani, West Bengal, Email: prabir0432@hotmail.com) : Effect of temperature on the prevalence of different parasites in Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton of West Bengal. J parasitic Dis 2015, 39(1), 110-12.

A study has been done; to find out the prevalence of different kinds of parasites in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton 1822) during 2010-2011. It has been found that the temperature variation affects some parasitic infestation over the fish species. It was found that ciliophoran and crustacean parasites are more prevalent from November to February whereas the myxozoan and monogenean parasites are more prevalent from January to April. Considering temperature variation throughout the year it has been inferred that most of the parasitic infections were found between November and April when the temperature range varies from 19 to 26 °C. So from the study it can be concluded that lower temperature elicits the parasitic growth in fishes while the higher temperature retards the growth.

1 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

013207   Hakim H;Chandrasekhar L;Rajani C V;Rahim F; Chandy G;Lucy K M (Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala-673 576, Email: drleenachandrasekhar@rediffmail.com) : Gross anatomical studies of the sternum in white-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster). Indian vet J 2015, 92(8), 14-15.

The shape and construction of the sternum of eagle showed resemblance to that of goose and duck which may he due to their partially aquatic habitat and feeding behaviour. Sternum of the eagle can be identified by its broad and excavated body, deep incisura on caudal border and presence of only the ventral part of spina sterni. Processus lateralis caudalis which is prominent in fowl, goose and duck was absent in eagle. The caudal portion of the sternum bore a central deep incisura unlike any of the domestic bird species. The sulcus articularis coracoides on both sides were separated limiting movement of the coracoids.

5 ref

013206   Gupta R;Sidhu I S;Singh D (Zoology Dep, SGGS College, Sector-26, Chandigarh-160 026, Email: inderpalsidhu76@yahoo.co.in) : Comparison of morphology and external genitalia of the three species of the genus Anoplocnemis stal (Hemiptera: Coreidae) from North India. Ann Biol 2015, 31(2), 235-40.

The species of the genus Anoplocnemis are rare (only single or two specimens have been collected) and are found on bushes or on herbs. Three species i. e. A. phasiana, A. compressa and A. bionotata have been recorded from north India and studied. Both male as well as female genitalia have been described in detail. But in case of phasiana and bionotata only male specimens were available. The research work was conducted in the DRS Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala. A key to the studied species has been provided taking into consideration the genitalic characters.

27 illus, 5 ref

013205   Galdhar C N;Khangal P S;Pawar M L;Rasal T D; Digraskar S U (Veterinary Clinical Medicine Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Maharshtra Animal and Fishe, Parbhani-431 402) : Clinico-biochemical and therapeutic studies on notoedric mange in pet rabbits. J parasitic Dis 2015, 39(1), 113-16.

Two male and two female pet rabbits of about 1 year of age, naturally infested with Notoedres cuniculi were studied in the present investigation. Clinical examination revealed presence of crustaceous lesions on the head, ear pinnae, both the limbs and external genitalia. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings confirmed presence of Notoedres mange infestation. Biochemical parameters revealed altered values of total serum protein, albumin, globulin, and activities of aspartate amino trans-ferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase respectively. The affected rabbits were treated with two injections of Ivermectin (400 μg/kg, subcutaneously, at interval of 15 days) along with supportive therapy. This treatment showed appreciable improvement in clinical signs and restoration in biochemical parameters.

^sc7 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

013204   Fathima R;Lucy K M;Ashok N;Maya S (Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy-680 651, Email: fathimazulfikker@gmail.com) : Age related changes in the interrenal tissue of adrenal gland in kuttanad ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) during post hatch period. Indian vet J 2015, 92(8), 16-8.

Post hatch developmental changes in the inter-renal tissue of adrenal gland were studied in 78 female Kuttanad ducks of different age groups. Six birds each were selected in each group from day-old to 24 weeks of age at fortnightly intervals. No zonation could foe observed in the interrenal tissue of day-old ducklings. But as age advanced, the zonation was gradually apparent. Considering the entire study period, the subcapsular zone and inner zone were thickest in 12 weeks old birds, 89.25 ± 6.63 μm and 159.33 ± 0.62 μm respectively. At advanced ages, the inner zone showed long straight inter-renal cords.

2 illus, 5 ref

013203   Dutta S P S (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu (J&K), Email: dyttasos@gmail.com) : Some deformed specimens of Mystus bleekeri (Day) and Labeo bata (Ham. bach) from the river Chenab in Pargwal wetland, Akhnoor, Jammu. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(1), 481-4.

Four adult deformed specimens of Mystus bleekeri showing caudal fin deformities viz complete degenerated caudal fin, degenerated upper caudal fin lobe, degenerated lower caudal fin lobe and truncated caudal peduncle and bulbous caudal fin base and one specimen of Labeo bata with a blunt head and terminal mouth were observed among the fish collections from the river Chenab in Pragwal wetland area and have been described. Deformities in M. bleekeri are most probably caused by Myxobolus infection and in L. bata it is the result of injury.

12 illus, 24 ref

013202   Bahuguna S N;Rana A R;Singh S (Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Srinagar, Garhwal-246 174) : Diet composition of freshwater crab, Potamon koolooense rathbun, 1904 from hillstream of Uttarakhand. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(1), 301-4.

Present study was carried out to study the diet composition of freshwater crab, P. koolooense in hillstream Khoh of Uttarakhand during November, 2013 to October, 2014. Total 105 crab samples were used for the study, 35 male and 47 female were found with food in their stomach while rest of the 23 had empty stomachs. The carapace length (CL) ranged from 12mm to 49mm, carapace width (CW) from 15mm to 59mm and total weight (TW) from 2.08g to 60.12g. Stomach content analysis of the animal showed that the diet of the animal composed of animal matter, plant matter, algae, fungi, debris and unidentified materials. Animal matter ranged from (3.27-11.93%), plant matter (4.37-14.44%), algae (1.73-6.15%), fungi (0.17-1.43%), debris (28.18-40.47%) and unidentified materials (36.46-50.05%) in males while in the female animal matter ranged from (3.09-12.34%), plant matter (4.45- 12.73%), algae (1.03-7.61%), fungi (0.02-3.34%), debris (23.18-43.34%) and unidentified (30.31-51.04%). Unidentified materials recorded maximum and fungi recorded minimum in both the sexes of Potamon koolooense. A significant difference was observed at p<60>0.05 between food groups- algae and unidentified matter in both sexes. This is the first report, to key out and quantifies the dietary items and feeding habits of crab in Uttarakhand which would be helpful in interpreting the ecological niche of the animal in mountain stream communities.

1 table, 16 ref

013201   Arya P V;Singh H S (Zoology Dep, Dyal Singh College, Delhi Univ, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003, Email: zoology.dsc@gmail.com) : Functional dynamics observations of haptoral armature in Mizelleus indicus (Jain 1957) pandey et al. 2003. J parasitic Dis 2015, 39(1), 94-9.

The negative effect of monogenea on piscine host may vary in the host species. Genus Mizelleus (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) was reported for the first time from the freshwater shark, Wallago attu (Bl. and Schn.) at Lucknow by Jain (1957). Haptor or opisthohaptor of monogenea which is more or less discoid muscular structure situated posteriorly, is the chief adhesive organ. It is usually provided with anchors and marginal hooklets. Anchors, ventral transverse bar, together with the additional supporting dorsal bars (patches) are active elements of haptor while, marginal hooklets serve as secondary supportive participants, whereas, the dorsal transverse bar can be treated as an inactive element in the whole organ of attachment. Functional dynamics detail of haptoral armature is almost unattended. The anchors in case of M. indicus (Jain 1957) Pandey et al. (2003) are disposed one against the other and used to act like four lobed grapnel like a spreader. All components of haptoral armature contribute in one way or another in the process of functional process. Interestingly the worms do not follow the same pattern of sequences during their movements. Various elements and factors are involved in the process. The authors tried to pinpoint the changes in the activity of one major element i.e., dorsal anchor. The movement and change in position/orientation of various elements with reference to dorsal anchors were observed and summarized. Present paper is rare effort in unexplored aspect in monogenea biology.

2 illus, 19 ref

012276   Uma S;Bohria A K (NO, Central Integrated Pest Management Centre, Ernakulam-682 037, Email: umabsunil@gmail.com) : Impact of storage days on the emergency of Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2015, 35(2), 85-8.

Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead is commonly used biocontrol agent through inundative field release. The impact of storage of T. japonicum for different days (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after parasitization) for different life stages (egg, larval and pupal) at 10°C was studied under laboratory condition. It was observed that there was significant reduction in adult emergence from parasitized Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) eggs containing egg, larval and pupal stages of T. japonicum due to storage. Maximum adult emergence (59.4%) was observed when the egg stage of T. japonicum was stored for 10 days and percent adult emergence decreased upto 34.7% when storage period extended to 30 days. The percentage of adult emergence ranged from 55.8% (at 10 days after storage) to 33.7% (at 30 days of storage) in larval stage. Storage of T. japonicum at pupal stage (7 days after parasitization) exhibited maximum adult emergence (64.5%) as compared to both egg and larval stages.

1 table, 9 ref

012275   Tamilselvan S;Jambulingam P;Manoharan V; Shanmugasundaram R;Vivekanandan G;Manonmani A M (Units of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Vector Control Research Centre, Indira Nagar, Puducherry) : Fly ash based Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis formulation for use against Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of filariasis in natural ecosystems. J Vector Borne Dis 2015, 52(3), 193-200.

Fly ash is produced in huge quantities by the various thermal power stations in India. This thermal waste has been employed as a carrier material in the preparation of a biopesticidal water dispersible powder (WDP) formulation for use against mosquitoes. In the present investigation, this newly developed fly ash based WDP formulation was evaluated in natural breeding habitats of mosquito. Fly ash based WDP formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (VCRC B17) was evaluated for its efficacy and residual activity in aquatic habitats supporting breeding of Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of lymphatic filariasis in Neyveli Township, Neyveli Lignite Corporation, India for a period of one month. At an application rate of 10 kg/ha, the WDP was effective for five days regardless of the habitat, and provided 80-100% reduction in larval abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Interpretation & conclusion: The study indicates that for continued control of immature density and prevention of adult emergence, a weekly application of this formulation is necessary. This study also showed that fly ash based formulations can be used for immediate control of mosquitoes in different types of habitats and has also brought out a new avenue for the utilization of coal ash.

4 illus, 1 table, 35 ref