001256   Sekar M;Singh S D;Angel R J;Meena D K; Sivakumar N;Suresh E;Kathirvelpandian A (NO, Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Growth promoting activity of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus recombinant growth hormone expressed in Escherichia coli. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(1), 70-7.

Recombinant growth hormone of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (rPhGH) was efficiently expressed in Escherichia colt BL 21 (DE3) cells. The expression vector pET-32a(+) was used to clone and express a 550 bp long cDNA fragment, which encodes the mature region of growth hormone. The rPhQH was expressed as a 6X HIS-tag fusion protein in E. coli upon induction by Isoprppyl p-D-thiogalactoside, and formed insoluble inclusion bodies in the host cells. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the molecular weight of the fusion protein was about 23 kDa, which is comparable to the theoretical value of the mature growth hormone of the fish. The expressed protein was recovered by solubilising the inclusion bodies under denaturing conditions with urea and then the denatured proteins were refolded and purified on Ni-NTA column. The purified recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti-His antibodies. Total yield of the refolded and purified protein was 20 mg I^{-1 of LB medium. Biological activity of the purified recombinant protein was determined in in vivo bioassay by its ability to promote growth in rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings, injected with three different concentrations of the hormone. A significant increase in growth was observed in rohu fingerlings administered with rPhGH at a dosage of 1.0 ug g body weight -1.}

4 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

001255   Sehra A;Sangwan S;Nehra K S (Zoology Dep, Government College, Hisar-125 001, Email: ksnehra@gmail.com) : Interrelation between the number, stages of the pest mite and feeding potential of Amblyseius alstoniae (predatory mite) at different durations. Ann Agri Bio Res 2016, 21(1), 14-16.

Feeding potential of A. alsto'niae was studied against pest mites E. orientalis and T. cmnabarinus (Pest mites of crops). A. alstoniae had clear cut preference for œ'. orientalis over T. cmnabarinus (Teal 3.18) irrespective of the stage of the egg, larva, nymph and adult. A. alstoniae preferred to consume eggs of E. orientalis than to feed on T. cmnabarinus eggs. Most preferred stage of E. orientalis was adult (S=2.10) followed by larva and egg (S=l.20) statistically. Consumption of different stages of the pest with respect to number and duration showed a significant difference. Interaction between stage and duration showed no significant difference with each other. Irrespective of duration, interaction between stage and number showed a significant difference at the prey density of 3, 4 and 5 (N=1.44, 2.12, 2.78).

2 tables, 14 ref

001254   Ramesha M M;Sophia S (Biosciences Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore-574 199, Email: dr.rameshamm@gmail.com) : Morphometry, length-weight relationships and condition index of Parreysia favidens (Benson, 1862) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from river Seeta in the Western Ghats, India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(1), 18-24.

Allometry and condition index of the freshwater mussel Parreysia favidens (Benson, 1862) inhabiting the west flowing river Seeta at Seetanadi in the Western Ghats, India was studied between April 2005 and May 2006. Monthly sampling was carried out and a tolal of 2728 bivalves were collected for the study. The length-breadth and length-width relationships for the entire study period were L = 1.540 + 0.6742B and L = -0.0873 + 0.4561W respectively. The length-total weight, length-wet weight, length-shell weight and length-dry weight relationships were W = 0.0003805L^{3.066, W = 0.0000255L3.054, W = 0.0000705L3.139 and W = 0.0000042L3.110 respectively. The values of b indicated the relative growth in body weight and superior physiological condition of the mussels. The monthly mean data on condition index showed fluctuation. The maximum (16.36) condition was noticed during August 2005 and the minimum (4.16) in December 2005. The condition of mussels was fairly high during May to September. The best period for harvest of P. favidens in river Seeta could be between May and September. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed three major groups of biological variables and sample size alone formed a separate group.}

8 illus, 38 ref

001253   Munasinghe D H N (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Univ of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka, Email: dhnm@zoo.ruh.ac.lk) : Morphological and genetic diversity levels of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) populations in three coastal regions of Sri Lanka. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(1), 12-17.

Morphological and genetic variations of three Penaeus monodon populations in Sri Lanka were determined using data from truss network method and partial amplification of mitochondrial control (mtC) gene region respectively. Total of 37 morphometric characters were collected from 178 individuals representing three populations (eastern, western and southern) and subjected to principal component analyses (PCA) to determine the morphological variation among three populations. Two principal components (PC) derived from PCA analysis with the accumulated variance for the two PC represented 75% of the total. The plot against first and the second principal components scores revealed great morphological similarity among three populations. For genetic analysis, a total of 600 bp DNA fragment was amplified from mtC gene region and 26 haplotypes were produced for three populations from the total of 63 samples examined. Among three populations, meanihaplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.35 (southern) to 0.92 (eastern) and nucleotide diversity (TI) ranged from 0.005 (southern) to 0.025 (western). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated within population variation as 78.89% and among population variation as 21.11% indicating high intra-population diversity. The overall F_st value indicated significant genetic structure among three populations (F_st = 0.2111, p <60> 0.05). Genetic diversity levels of Sri Lankan P. monodon populations were compared with published data for this species from other geographic locations.

3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

001252   Gupta R;Sidhu I S;Singh D (Zoology Dep, Shri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh-160 026, Email: inderpalsidhu76@yahoo.co.in) : Taxonomic studies on two Indian species of genus Clavigralla spin (Hemiptera : Coreidae). Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(2), 188-93.

The two known Indian species of the genus Clavigralla Spin i. e. scutellaris (Westwood) and horrens Dohrn have been studied in detail both for morphological characters as well as for the male and female external genitalia. Illustrations have been given for all the morphological and genitalic structures for the first time. The research work was conducted in the DRS Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala. A key to the species is also provided.

18 illus, 5 ref

001251   Das J;Kalita S;Talukdar K;Das S (Zoology Dep, Goalpara College, Goalpara-783 101, Email: dasjugabrat21@gmail.com) : Ethno-entomological practices of Rabha tribe with special reference to edible insects in Goalpara district of Assam. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(4A), 1662-6.

Ethnological use of edible insects by the Rabha people in Goalpara district (26° 10' 11" N and longitude 90° 37' 37" E) of Assam were investigated. A total of 13 species belonging to 12 families and 13 genera were reported consumed by the Rabha peoples of the district. Both Hymenoptera and Lepi-doptera order shared with maximum number of 3 species followed by Orthoptera and Hemiptera by 2 species each and other orders sharing single species. April to June was the best period for most of the edible insects for collection. Apart from nutrition the edible insects also provides earning to the tribal perople. The pupa and larva of Antheraea assamensis, Philosomia ricini, Bombvx mori and the adull Lethocercus sp. are sold in the village markets @ 60 to 90 rupees/kg. Philosomia ricini and Anlheraea assamensis are reared for production of eri and muga silk respectively, while Apis indica is the Hy-menopteran from which honey and different important by products are found. Culture of the silkworm particularly the eri culture is traditionally comes generation after generation. Collection of the aquatic insects was done by the local people by using different bamboo made gears like Jakoi dip net, hand net of different mesh sizes. It may conclude that scientific investigation on the nutrient capabilities of the edible insects is urgent to recognize them for common use and marketing.

3 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

001250   Bhati S L;Agarwal M;Chakrawarti A;Purohit R K (Radiation Biology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Email: dr_rajendra_purohit@yahoo.co.in) : Chemopreventive action of Emblica officinalis against radiation and cadmium induced hepatic lesions in swiss albino mice. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(1), 370-6.

In the present study an attempt has been made to explore radiation and cadmium induced histological alterations in mice liver and their modulation by Emblica officinalis fruit Extract (EOE). For this purpose mice were selected from Inbred colony and divided into five different groups. Group: ? (Sham-irradiated group) considered as normal; II (cadmium chloride treated group) in this group animals were administered 20 ppm cadmium chloride orally as drinking water; III (irradiated group) animals were exposed to 3.5 Gy gamma radiation; IV (Both radiation and cadmium treated group); V (Radiation, cadmium and Emblica treated group) in this group animals were given 1000 mg/kg body wt/animal/day EOE continuously for seven consecutive days, prior to radiation and cadmium chloride treatment and on the 7th day animals were irradiated after 30 minutes of extract administration. The animals from the above groups were autopsied by cervical dislocation after 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days and liver were removed and prepared for light microscopy. The liver cells of irradiated and cadmium treated group showed granular vacuolar cytoplasm with pyknotic and crenated nuclei, moderate dilation with most of the compacted hepatocytes, large area of cellular infiltration and hyperaemia of liver sinusoid. In the EOE treated group, the majority of hepatocytes returned normal, although some had still mild changes. After combined treatment of radiation and cadmium the changes were more severe showing synergistic effect. An early and fast recovery was also noticed in the EOE treated animals which may be due to the protection by drug.

42 ref

000202   Zhou A;Lv Z;Xie S;Chen J;Chen Y;Zou J (College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou-510 642, Email: zoujixing@scau.edu.cn) : Isolation and characterisation of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the progeny of nine mating groups of snakeheads. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 33-8.

Nine mating groups of snakeheads (Channa maculata and Channa argus) have been successfully bred in our laboratory. During the course of this research, five polymorphic microsatellite loci were initially screened out from the nine populations, which were isolated and characterised. A total of 360 individuals from the nine populations have been genotyped and forty three alleles were found. The number of observed and effective alleles ranged from 6 to 12 and from 3.8907 to 7.4083 per locus. Average numbers of alleles and effective alleles were 8.60 and 5.03, respectively. Average number of observed alleles in each population varied from 2.2 to 4.4, while the mean number of effective alleles varied from 1.78 to 3.10. Average observed heterozygosity (H_O) and expected heterozygosity (H_E) in the nine populations ranged from 0.1600 to 0.4700 and from 0.4082 to 0.6490, respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.3351 to 0.5778. Among the forty five population loci, thirty eight showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These results demonstrated great significance for the evaluation and conservation of new species and also provided the basic material for predicting heterosis as well as for breeding of new varieties with economic value.

4 tables, 28 ref

000201   Verma R S (Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: ravishankerverma@gmail.com) : Mercury induced physiological alterations in fresh water prawns. J appl Biosci 2016, 42(1), 46-52.

The present work was undertaken to evaluate the scaphognathite oscillations and heart beat rate of two fresh water prawn species, viz. Macrobrachium latnarrei and Macrobrachium dayanum on exposure to mercuric chloride. Both M. lamarrei and M. dayanum were subjected to predetermined LC₅₀ value of mercuric chloride acute exposure (96 hrLC₅₀0.1mg/l and 0.13mg/l, respectively) and subacute exposure (25% of 96 h LC₅₀,0.025 mg/l and 0.033 mg/l respectively). An overall marked decrease in scaphognathite oscillations in both species of prawns in comparison to controls was observed under acute and sub-acute exposure to mercuric chloride. Heart beat rate was also affected and was higher than controls under acute exposure but lower than control organisms at sub-acute exposure. The consistency of scaphognathite oscillations in response to mercury intoxication indicates it to be more suitable for development as a biomarker for this kind of pollution.

8 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

000200   Sow A Y;Zulkifli S Z;Ismail A (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: syaizwan@upm.edu.my) : Evluation of urohyal bone for age determination in Monpterus albus (Zuiew, 1793). Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 115-17.

Present study aimed to determine the age of Asian paddy eel Monopterus albus using the urohyal bone. Majority offish ages ranged between three and four years and were immature. Strong relationship between total length and body weight (R²=0.937) was observed in M. albus. Further studies would justify the suitability of urohyal bone for determining the age of M. albus.

3 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

000199   Singh Kirti J;Goyal T;Kaur M (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: goyaltarun06@gmail.com) : Inventory of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera : Geometridae) from Himachal Pradesh, India. J appl Biosci 2016, 42(1), 1-12.

A total number of 109 species of family Geometridae referable to four subfamilies i.e., Ennominae, Geometrinae, Sterrhinae and Larentiinae have been collected from different localities of Himachal Pradesh, India. The first reference, old distribution and material examined of collected species is also given in the present paper.

4 ref

000198   Shah A J;Lakkad B C;Rao M V (Human Genetics Div, Zoology Dep, Biomedical Technology and Human Genet, University School of Sciences, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad, Email: manvrao@gmail.com) : Genotoxicity in lead treated human lymphocytes evaluated by micronucleus and comet assays. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(8), 502-8.

Lead (Pb) which plays a significant role in modern industry is related to a broad range of physiological, biochemical, behavioural and genetical dysfunctions. Its exposure leads to an increased frequency of genetic aberrations in humans. Hence, this study was designed to assess the genotoxic effect of lead acetate at three dosage levels (10, 25 and 50 μg/mL) by employing: the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay and the Comet assay in Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Cultures. The results of this study revealed an increased level of DNA damage among treated groups. A significant increase in the tail length of comets and other indices was observed at 25 and 50 μg/mL concentrations comparatively. Thus, lead acetate induced single-strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks (DSB) in DNA, alkali-labile sites (ALS), oxidative DNA damage as well as DNA-DNA/DNA-protein/DNA-metal cross linking as evidenced by the Comet assay. The chromosome breakage, DNA misrepair, chromosome loss and telomere end fusion were determined by the Micronucleus assay. Micronucleus frequency in treated lymphocytes was significantly higher as compared to controls. Nucleoplasmic bridges increased significantly and Nuclear buds increased at higher two doses only in exposed cultures. Thus, these assays are better indices for lead induced genotoxicity and metal-nucleus interactions.

7 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

000197   Satyanarayana Y;Babu P G;Jahageerdar S (Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Email: jahageerdar@cife.edu.in) : Parentage determination in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenberii de man, 1879 using mirosatellite markers. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 29-32.

Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an important cultured species in India and other tropical and sub-tropical countries. Selective breeding and genetic improvement of this species poses a big challenge, due to the problems associated in the identification of the pedigree. Physical tagging of the progeny for pedigree identification is costly, and it takes long time and induces bias in the estimation of genetic parameters. Microsatellites are commonly used to detect parents and their offsprings in wild and captive populations, to assign parentage. In the present study, a total of 1788 specimens comprising 160 offsprings and 18 female parents were used for pedigree assigning. Four M. rosenbergii microsatellites were selected for parentage assignment and CERVUS-3.0 software was used to determine the parentage. The average number of alleles per microsatellite marker was 3, with the allele size ranging from 184 to 246 bp, the polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.412 and the observed average heterozygosity was 0.548. The combined exclusion probabilities for the first and second parent were 0.422 and 0.640, respectively. The success of assigning the offsprings to one parent was 69.23%. Results of the present study indicates that microsatellites can be employed to identify the parentage in M. rosenbergii. However, the number of loci needed and the type of microsatellites, needs to be standardised further for enhancing the rate of success.

2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

000196   Pradhan J;Das B K (Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, , Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751 002, Email: jyotirmayee_sahani@yahoo.com) : Effect of dietary Chlorella vulgaris on liver enzymatic profiles of rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 132-6.

Labeo rohita fingerlings (55 ± 2 g) were fed on diets supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris powder at the rate of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1,0 g kg^-1 for a period; of 90 days. Blood and serum samples were collected at 30 days interval and assayed for enzymatic parameters viz., serum asfiartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). After 90 days feeding fish were challenged with a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded over 10 days poSt-challenge. Serum AST and ALT activity were significantly (p<60>0.05) different in all the treated groups offish on day 30 and on day 10 bacterial post-challenge as compared to control. The highest survival on 10th day post-challenge (86.5%) was recorded in group fed with 0.1% Chlorella supplemented diets. The intake of C. vulgaris at different dosages altered the AST, ALT and ALP activity, but the variation was within the normal ranges that did not hamper the growth of fish. The study indicated that dietary supplementation of C. vulgaris did not negatively affect liver function, and was found to have growth promoting activity in rohu.

4 illus, 32 ref

000195   Pawan Kumar;Chakraborty S K;Jaiswar A K;Ali S (Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed Univ), , off yari road, panch marg, versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai-400 061, Email: pawankumar@cife.edu.in) : Length weight relationship and otolith morphometry of twelve species of sciaenids (family: sciaenide) from Mumbai waters, India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 104-9.

Length-weight relationship of 12 fish species belonging to the family Sciaenidae landed at New Ferry Wharf, Sassoon Dock and Versova fish landing centers of Greater Mumbai were estimated between September 2006 and August 2007. A normal distribution of calculated 'b' values ranged from 2.3585 to 3.5458 and r² values of length-weight relationship varied from 0.6356 to 0.9886. The Student's t-test revealed that the b values significantly differed in 7 of the 12 species studied (p<60>0.05). Morphometric relationship between otolith dimensions and fish weight were also studied. The significance of parameters like otolith length, width and mass was correlated for estimation offish weight employing multiple regression model. ANCOVA test indicated that difference between left and right sagitta in otolith length, width and mass were insignificant (t-test, p<60>0.05). Results also indicated better correlation between fish weight and otolith measurement. Analysis of morphometric relationships concluded that otolith length, width and mass are good indicators of total length and weight in the species studied.

^ssc3 tables, 40 ref

000194   Othman O E;Nowier A M;El-Denary M E (Cell Biology Dep, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt, Email: othmanmah@yahoo.com) : Genetic variations in two casein genes among Mahrabi camels reared in Egypt. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 473-80.

Camels play an important socio-economic role within the pastoral and agricultural system in the dry and semidry zones of Asia and African where they are dual purpose animals (meat and milk).In spite of the effective role of casein genes with their polymorphisms on quantitative traits and technological properties of milk, the studies on genetic polymorphism of camel milk genes are limited. This work aimed to identify the genetic polymorphisms and SNPs of two casein genes in Maghrabi camel breed in Egypt. The amplified fragments at 488-bp of k-CN gene were digested with AluIendonuclease. The results showed the presence of three genotypes; CC (12%), TT (48%) CT (40%). The sequence analysis of two detected alleles declared the presence of a SNP (C→T) at position 121 in amplified fragments.The nucleotide sequences of k-CN alleles C and T were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers; KU055605 and KU055606, respectively. The primers used in this study amplified 942-bp fragments of as1-casen gene. The results of SmlI digestion did not showed any restriction site whereas the digestion with AluI endonuclease revealed the presence of two restriction sites AG^CT at positions 68^69 and 631^632 in amplified fragments. The nucleotide sequence of monomorphic αs1-casein gene was submitted to GenBank with accession number KU145820. In conclusion, the genetic characterization of genes associated with milk yield and composition in camel is considered an essential step towards its genetic improvement through the selection of superior animals depending on the favorable alleles and genotypes; marker assisted selection (MAS).

6 illus, 44 ref

000193   Najmudeen T M;Seetha P K;Zachria P U (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, , Kochi-682 018, Email: njmudeentm@yahoo.com) : Fishery and population dynamics of the obtuse bracuda Sphyraena obtusata (Cuvier) landed by trawlers at Cochin, south-west coast of India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 14-18.

Fishery and population characteristics of the obtuse barracuda Sphyraena obtusata (Cuvier) landed by mechanised trawlers off Cochin were studied for the period 2010-2012. The average annual landings of barracuda was 184 t of which S. obtusata formed, 65%. Seasonal peak in catch and catch rate was recorded during August, followed by February and May. The von Berlialanffy growth parameters (VBGF) estimated using ELEFAN were L_∞ = 34.2 cm, K = 0.71 year^-1 and t₀= -0.0000000025. The lengths attained at the end of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 17.4, 25.9, 30.1, 32.2 and 33.2 cm, respectively. Recruitment was almost round the year with a major peak during February-May and a minor peak during July, together accounting 80% of the total recruitment. Natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and total mortality (Z) were 1.35, 1.54 and 2.89 respectively. The length at first capture was 23.5 cm (age 1.64 years). The optimum length for exploitation (L ) was 20.9 cm at the age of (t_opt) of 1.3 years. Mean size in the catch (25.1 cm) was higher than L_opt. The resource is being exploited at a level marginally higher than E₅₀ (E = 0.53), indicating optimal exploitation. Though the annual average yield is only marginally (6%) higher than the MSY estimated, there is no need for reducing the fishing effort from the prevailing rate. Instead, as the yield and biomass per recruit and yield and biomass curves showed that the maximum yield and yield per recruit could be obtained by increasing the present level of fishing, marginal increase in the effort is prescribed to sustain the fishery.

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000192   Nair R J;Gopalakrishnan A (Central Marine Fisheries Research Instiute, , P.B. No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O. Kochi-682 018, Email: rekhacmfri@gmail.com) : Taxonomic note on Crossorhombus azureus (Alocock 1889) (family: bothidae, order: pleuronectiformes) from the south-west coast of India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 87-91.

Five species of the bothid genus Crossorhombus viz.,Crossorhombus azureus, C. valderostratus, C. kobensis, C. kanekonis and C. howensis are currently recognised worldwide. Of these, only two species, C. azureus, and C. valderostratus have been recorded in India. Descriptions of C. azureus are mostly based on the first published work of Alcock (1889) and further addition to the knowledge is scanty. Hence an attempt is made here to update the knowledge on the species. Detailed description of the species is presented in this paper based on morphometric and meristic measurements and biological observations on 57 specimens collected from Neendakara on the south-west coast of India. Sexual dimorphism is noticed with males having a series of azure spots on the head. Results of the t- test supports the external differences shown by males and females.

^ssc4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

000191   Maheswarudu G;Paul M;Dhanwanthari S E;Varma J B;Sajeev C K;Satya Rao S (Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Ins, Pandurangapuram, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: maheswarudu@yahoo.com) : Exploitation of penaeid shrimp resources by small mechanised trawlers off Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 7-13.

Small trawlers (9-11 m OAL) fit for short-term cruises (2-7 days) exploit penaeid shrimps up to a depth of 70 m in the Bay of Bengal off Visakhapatnam both in the northern and southern directions. During the period 2001 to 2010, average annual fishing effort was 5,97,412 h. Penaeid shrimp catch varied from 703 t to 4,323 t with average catch per hour (cph) being 3.54 kg. The contribution of penaeid shrimps to total fish landings ranged from 6.7 to 18.32%, both fishing effort and landings of the resource showing increasing trend. Penaeid shrimp landing was supported by 24 species, dominated by Metapenaeus monoceros followed by Metapenaeus dobsoni. Mean annual species composition and cph for each species were estimated for two spells i.e., 2001 to 2005 and 2006 to 2010. Catch per hour for five species declined whereas it increased for the rest 19 species. The cph for penaeid shrimps increased by 103% from spell 1 to spell 2. Expected catch for each year was estimated by Schaefer production model (CEDA; r²=0.72) which showed that the resource was under exploitated during 2001-2005 and overexploited during 2006-2010, which indicate the necessity for restricting fishing effort at present level.

4 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

000190   Kumaran P S M;Antony C;Sundaramoorthy B (College and Research Insitute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries Univ, Thoothukudi-628 008) : Selectivity of hooks for seerfishes in the longline fishery of Thoothukudi coast, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 77-80.

The study was conducted in Thoothukudi coast of Tamil Nadu to optimise the hook size for commercial exploitation of seerfishes. Analysis was done using three different sized hooks (Nos.7, 8 and 9). A wide range of length groups of seerfishes were caught by these hooks. The study concludes that hooks No. 7 and 8 are effective for commercial exploitation of seerfish.

^ssc5 illus, 15 ref

000189   Khan S;Khan M A;Miyan K (Zoology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: khanmafzal@yahoo.com) : Precision of age estimated from different ageing structures of Labeo bata (Hamilton) collected from river Ganga, India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 110-14.

Scales, opercular bones, vertebrae and otoliths collected from Labeo bata, inhabiting river Ganga were used to identify the most suitable structure for age estimation. Age estimates were evaluated between readers and between pairs of ageing structures by calculating the percent agreement, average percentage of error and coefficient of variation. Percent agreement between readers was highest for scales (87%), followed by opercular bones (81.2%), vertebrae (78.9%) and otoliths (76%). Due to highest values of percent agreement, lowest average percent error and coefficient of variation values between two readers, scales were considered to be the most suitable structure for age estimation of L. bata. When age of scales were compared with other alternative structures viz., opercular bones, vertebrae and otoliths, the highest percent agreement (72.7%), lowest average percent error (7.61%) and coefficient of variation (10.77%) values were found between scales and opercular bones. Also, mean values of age estimates from scales were comparable (p<62>0.05) to those obtained from opercular bones, and were significantly (p<60>0.05) different from age estimates using otoliths and vertebrae.

2 illus, 1 table, 48 ref

000188   Kaleshkumar K;Rajaram R;Vinothkumar S; Ramalingam V;Meetei K B (School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: drrajaram69@rediffmail.com) : DNA barcoding of selected species of pufferfushes (Order: tetraodontiformes) of Puducherry coastal waters along south-east coast of India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 95-105.

Samples of three species of pufferfishes were collected from Puducherry in the south-east coast of India. Collected fishes were identified as Chilomycterus reticulatus, Amthron hispidus and Lagocephalus guentheri by mitochondrial CO1 gene sequencing. Neighbcir-Joining method was used for phylogenetic analysis which confirmed that the analysed species had a dichotomous relationship with its ancestor species. Genetic variation was studied by sequence similarity using the homologous sequences retrieved from BLAST server. The maximum length of open reading frames (ORF) for the three pufferfish species viz., C. reticulatus, A. hispidus andi. guentheri were 171, 345 and 465 respectively. Results from a simple gene prediction algorithm revealed that C. reticulatus, A. hispidus and L. guentheri have 7 start codons each. The pairwise genetic distance calculated among the three species ranged from 0.002 to 0.176% for C. reticulatus, 0.002 to 0.169% for A. hispidus and 0.002 to 0.208% for L. guentheri. Genetic distance analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences is demonstrated as unique to their related species of all pufferfishes. Genetic distance is also used in the comparison of genetic similarity between different species and also in different subspecies of pufferfishes belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes.

^ssc1 illus, 7 tables, 29 ref

000187   Hemchandra N;Dhaker H S;Pathan D I;Ghode G (College of Fisheries, , Shirgaon, Ratnagiri-415 629, Email: gajananghode74@gmail.com) : Effect of sediment depth, calcium hardness of water and feeding ration on nacre formation in freshwater mussel Lamellidens corrianus (Lea, 1834). Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 43-8.

Survival and nacre formation was evaluated in freshwater mussel Lamellidens corrianus by varying sediment depth, calcium hardness of water and feeding ration. Different sediment depths (0, 3 and 6 cm), calcium hardness levels of water [(220.47 (T₁), 282.63 (T₂), 314.17 (T₃) and 338.18 mg I^-1 (T₄)] and feeding rations [(1.5 x 10⁶ (T₁), 3.0 x 10⁶(T₂) and (T₃) 4.5 x 10⁶ algal cells ml^-1] were evaluated. Survival did not show significant difference while nacre formation was found to vary significantly (p<60>0.05) between different treatments. In the present study, sediment depth of 6 cm, calcium hardness of 338.18 mg 1^-1 and feeding ration of 3.0 x 10⁶ algal cells ml^-1 resulted in significantly (p<60>0.05) better nacre deposition.

3 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

000186   Dkhil M A;Alazzouni A S;Al-Quraishy S; Al-Shamrany A;Lubbad M Y;Al-Shaebi E M;Taib N T (Zoology Dep, College of Science, King Saud Univ, Saudi Arabia) : Berberine protects against murine malaria-induced spleen tissue damage. Biomed Res 2015, 26(2), 333-7.

Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. Here, we investigated the ameliorative role of berberine against Plasmodium chabaudi-induced spleen injury. Mice were divided into 3 groups. The first group served as a vehicle control, the second group was infected with 10³ P. chabaudi infected erythrocytes and the third group was infected with P. chabaudi then treated with 10 mg/kg berberine for 10 days. Berberine was significantly able to lower the percentage of parasitemia. The infection induced splenomegaly and spleen injury. This was evidenced by fused splenic white pulp areas, diffuses appearance of the marginal zones, and increased number of macrophages in the red pulp. These changes in spleen led to the increased histological score. Berberine treatment caused a marked improvement in the splenic architecture and could offer protection against spleen tissue injury. Further studies are required to know the mechanism of berberine action against murine malaria.

5 illus, 17 ref

000185   Das P C;Mishra B;Pati B K;Mishra S S (Central Institute of Freshwater Aqaculture, , Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751 002, Email: pratapcdas@yahoo.com) : Critical water quality parameters affecting survival of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fry during closed system transporation. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 39-42.

Changes in water quality parameters during closed system transport ofLabeo rohita fry were studied to identify the critical changes responsible for seed mortality. Fry of L. rohita (2.38 ± 0.25 g, 44.2 ± 6.6 mm) were packed in 39 polythene bags and placed on a continuously shaking platform. Water quality changes and fish mortality in the packs were studied for 36 h at every 3 h interval. Marked increase in dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (CO,), total alkalinity, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO₂-N) were observed during initial 12 h. Thereafter, most of these parameters remained either consistent or varied in a narrow range up to 27 h, without any significant increase in mortality of fry. However, subsequently during 27-36 h there was significant reduction in dissolved oxygen (< 3.6 mg I^-1), increase in CO₂ (> 60 mg 1^-1) and total alkalinity (<62>120 mg as CaCO₃ 1^-1). Mortality of fry increased significantly during this period which can be attributed to increased stress due to changes in the above water quality parameters.

4 illus, 24 ref

000184   Bineesh K K;Mohitha C;Vineesh N;Basheer V S; Joselet M;Pillai N K G;Jena J K;Gopalakrishnan A (Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources ICAR-Central Marine Fis, Kochi-682 037, Email: kkbineesh@gmail.com) : Molecular identification of three deepsea fish species of the genus Chelidoperca (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Indian waters. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(4), 104-8.

The deepwater basslets of the genus Chelidoperca has eight nominal species and these are relatively small fishes caught in trawl nets operated at depths greater than 100 m. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S rRNA gene sequence variation among three species under the genus Chelidoperca viz., C. investigatoris, C. occipitalis and C. maculicauda from Indian waters and their phylogenetic relationship with other representatives from same genus was studied. Fifteen individuals of Chelidoperca were sampled from different localities in the east and west coasts of India and further, four COI sequences from GenBank were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship in the genus Chelidoperca. Basedi on COI sequence data analysis, the intraspecies genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.005 while interspecies distance varied from 0.073 to 0.194. With respect to 16S rRNA sequences, the intraspecies genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.002, while interspecies genetic distance varied from 0.062 to 0.118. The mean genetic difference observed between C. investigatoris and the other species used in this study was 11.53%. Results of the study revealed that the genus Chelidoperca is monophyletic.

3 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

000183   AnnaMercy T V;Sajan S;Malika V (Kerala Univ of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), , Panangad, Kochi-682 506, Email: annamercy2012@gmail.com) : Captive breeding and developmental biology of Sahyadria denisonii (day 1865) (Cyprinidae), and endangered fish of the Western ghats, India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 19-28.

Over the past few decades wild population of Sahyadria denisonii (Day 1865), an endemic ornamental barb of the Western Ghats of India has been overexploited for aquarium trade and is presently listed under endangered (EN) category in the IUCN Red List. The present study communicates the first ever success of captive breeding and early developmental studies of S. denisonii. Life history phases of S. denisonii were classified into embryonic, larval, juvenile, subadult and adult stages. Spawning season was from November to March in wild and fecundity varied depending on the size and age of breeding pairs. Eggs were obtained through induced breeding using ovaprim hormone at 0.4 ml per kg body weight. Fertilised eggs were adhesive, demersal and attached to any substratum having a diameter of 1184-1312 urn. Hatching took place 36 h after fertilisation at a water temperature of 27.5±0.5°C. At hatching, mean larval length was 3.5→0.2mm with high amount of yolk and the yolk sac remained up to 3-4 days. Organogenesis of larvae was completed 15-20 days after hatching. In this paper full developmental sequence from egg to adult stages of S. denisonii in controlled condition is described.

2 illus, 2 tables

000182   Abidi R;Fariya N;Chauhan U K (Fish Health Management Div, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Telibagh, Lucknow-226 002, Email: abidir@rediffmail.com) : Morphological description of Myxobolus gomtii sp. nov. infecting Labeo rohita (hamilton, 1822) from river Gomti at Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh. J appl Biosci 2016, 42(1), 36-41.

Fisheries sector in India is important for the livelihood of million fish farmers and has shown a stable speedy economic growth in last few decades. Fishes are the best source of high-quality protein. The Indian major carp Labeo rohita commonly known as Rohu, is one of the favorite and delicious native food fish of inland waters in India and is being cultured also. One of the major problems in its culture is stressful environment which leads to widespread diseases particularly parasitic infestations. Phylum Myxozoa is one of the threatening groups of protozoan parasites in freshwater and marine fishes. During a study on protozoan parasites infecting freshwater fishes in Lucknow, a new myxosporean species, Myxobolus gomtii sp. nov., was observed in the kidney of Labeo rohita (Ham.). Spores of M. gomtii sp. nov., are single walled, ellipsoidal (cylindrical) with two equal straight polar capsules, parallel to each other, covering at least 2/3 part of the spore. Detailed description is mentioned in the article. The spore is distinctly different and is a new myxozoan species based on the morphological and morphometric character, which are, discussed comparatively with reference to other Myxobolus sp. in the present article.

7 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

000181   Abdussamad E M;Retheesh T B;Thangaraja R; Bineesh K K;Prakasan D (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, , P.B. No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682 018, Email: emasamadg@gmail.com) : Sphyraena arabiansis a new species of barracuda (Family: sphyraenidae) from the south-west coast of India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 1-6.

A new species of barracuda Sphyraena arabiansis is described based on specimens collected from the eastern Arabian Sea off Kerala coast, India. The new species is morphologically similar to Sphyraena barracuda and both were so far considered as one species. Characters such as more and relatively small cycloid scales, 118-122 along lateral line, 11 along vertical axis above lateral line at first dorsal and 13 below the lateral line at anal origin; broad, round spoon shaped maxilla ending vertically below, before the anterior margin of the eye, narrow inter orbital area (4.2-5.13 in head length) and more prominent pointed paired central lobes of caudal fin make Sphyraena arabiansis sp. nov. clearly distinct from S. barracuda. Other distinguishing characters are prominent curve of the lateral line before the origin of first dorsal fin, absence of black spots on the body, white branchiostegal membrane, broad, thick and inwardly curved otoliths with round, blunt posterior end and an elongated, pointed anterior upper lobe. The mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase C subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence studies revealed that the new species has distinct genetic divergence from S. barracuda and other species of the family occurring in the area.

5 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

023477   Tohe B;Gourene G (Nangui Abrogoua Univ, Laboratory of Envieonment and Aquatic Biology, UFR-SGE, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02 Cote d'Ivoire) : Food rate of Ptychadena mascareniensis, P. pumilio and Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, three anura of degraded areas of Banco National Park, Cote d'Ivoire. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(6), 1-4.

Food rhythms of Ptychadena mascareniensis, P. pumilio and Hoplobatrachus occipitalis were studied in Banco National Park (Cote d'Ivoire) during the dry and rainy seasons. The food intake of the species of Ptychadena genus takes place in the morning from 6h to 12h and in the evening between 18h and 24h with peaks located at 12h and 24 h respectively. Hoplobatrachus occipitalis feeds on 3h to 9h and from 15h to 21h with peaks located at 9h and 21h. Most of the food bolus in both species of Ptychadena genus corresponding to the peaks is composed of Insects. Hoplobatrachus occipitalis is mainly feeds on amphibians at 9h and molluscs at 21h.

3 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

023476   Singh P;Sangha G K (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: sanghagk@hotmail.com) : Histomorphological and biochemical studies in plasma and liver of field rats inhabiting south-west region of Punjab in North India. Bioscan 2015, 10(2), 573-78.

The present study was designed to examine the possible effect of environmental contaminants on the biochemical constituents of field rats residing Bathinda district of Punjab. The amount of proteins and enzymes aminotransferases and phosphatases was low in plasma of male and female R. rattus, but higher in T. indica and B. bengalensis residing in Bathinda region as compared to control rats. Protein amount and levels of enzymes ALT, AST and ACP were higher in liver of Bathinda male and female R. rattus and T. indica. Pesticide residue of malathion was detected in liver sample of these rats. Slight loosening in arrangement of hepatic cords, infiltration of leucocytes, dilation in central vein (CV) and presence of pyknotic cells (PN) was observed in rats collected from Bathinda district. The environmental contaminants/pesticides may be responsible for the biochemical and histological alterations in field rats of Bathinda.

4 illus, 5 tables, 25 ref

023475   Singh P R (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Changing pattern of fish landings and fish species composition in the Ganga river system. J nat Resour Dev 2015, 10(2), 71-4.

The River Ganga and Yamuna are main capture Fishery resources in Allahabad region. Fish landings in Allahabad region were observed during January 1998 to Dec. 1998. Average annual landing was recorded 199.3 tonnes. Indigenous major carps rohu, bhakur, mrigal contributed 5.2, 6.2 and 3.5 tonnes respectively. Among the major Carps the catch was dominated by Calbasu and average annual landing was recorded 29.6 tonnes. Trash fish also dominated the catch. If it is compared with present situation, the catch of Indian major Carps have become negligible. Catch is dominated by exotic fishes and certain cat fishes. Hilsa is not seen in the riverine catches.

12 ref

023474   Shukla A;Tripathi R B;Singh I (Zoology Dep, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich, K.N.I.P.S.S., Sultranopur, Email: drrbtripathi.77@gmail.com) : Bio-efficacy and economics of insecticides for management of Heliothis armigera in gram pod of district Gonda, Uttar Pradesh. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 86-8.

The minimum larval incidence of H. armigera of 0.95 and 0.36 larva/m row length was recorded in rynaxypyr 20 SC at 3 and 7 days after spraying, respectively followed by flubendiamide 48 SC (1.47 & 0.78 larvae/m row length) and emamectin benzoate 5 SG (1.55 & 1.49 larvae/m row length) as against conventional insecticide profenophos 50 EC which recorded 2.09 and 1.49 larva/m row length. The treatment with rynaxypyr 20 SC was found significantly effective in reducing the pod damage (3.5%) followed by flubendiamic 48 SC (4.8%) and emamectin benzoate 5 SG (6.05%) as compared to profenophos (13.9%). The highest (2590 kg/ha) grain yeild was recorded in rynaxypyr 20 SC followed by flubendiamide 48 SC (2354 kg/ha) and emamectin benzoate 5 SG (2292 kg/ha). However, the highest (1:19.22) ICBR (Incremental cost benefit ratio) was recorded in flubendiamide 48 SC followed by rynaxypyr 20 SC (1:11.1), profenphos 50 EC (1:7.8), emamectin benzoate 5 SG (1:4.2) and lufenuron 5.4 EC (1:3.5).

2 tables, 5 ref

023473   Sharma K (Zoology Dep, R.G. (P.G.) College, Meerut-250 001, Email: kamana.rgc@gmail.com) : Histopathological changes induced by mercuric chloride and diazinon in the brain of a fresh water teleost, Channa punctatus. Biochem Cell Archs 2016, 16(1), 21-7.

In the Present study acute and chronic effects of two pollutants namely, a heavy metal mercuric chloride and an organophospate pesticide diazinon, were observed on the histological structure of the brain of a fresh water teleost, Channa punctatus. No histopathological alterations were observed after acute exposure to the two toxicants. Chronic exposure to the three sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride produced loss of neurons, degeneration of neurons, proliferation of glial cells, setellitoses and mild congestion of blood vessels. Medulla oblongata and cerebellum were the most affected portions followed by optic tegmentum, telencephalon, diencephalon and optic tectum. The histopathological alterations produced by diazinon were less pronounced than those produced by mercuric chloride. No conspicuous damage was observed in telecephalon, diencephelon and optic tectum. Severe pathological changes were noticed in optic tegmentum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata in the form of loss of neurons, degeneration of neurons, proliferation of glial cells and satellitoses. The extent of degeneration was directly propotional to concentration of the two toxicants and increased with time.

31 illus, 18 ref

023472   Shankar O;Tripathi V;Singh G;Pathak M C;Kumar K (Animal Science Dep, MJP Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006, Email: om.biochem@gmail.com) : In vitro progesterone metabolism by liver cells : detection and identification of metabolite. Biochem Cell Archs 2016, 16(1), 131-6.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose dependent (0, 5and 10μg/ml of progesterone) in vitro secretion and conversion of progesterone metabolite in cultured liver cell of water buffaloes. Buffalo Liver samples from fetus of approximately 50-60 days old were collected from a local slaughterhouse. The samples were then processed and cultured in (serum containing) appropriate cell culture medium and incubated separately with (progesterone) the previously mentioned two dose combinations. At the end of the 12 hrs of incubation period, the progesterone metabolite were extracted from liver cell culture supernatant and detected using high performance liquid chromatography with a reversed-phase (HPLC). Comparison of the results of the two treatment depicted 5μg/ml progesterone as the most potent conversions into its metabolite in bubaline cultured liver cells. In conclusion, secretion and conversion of progesterone into metabolites data clearly indicate for the first time that liver play an important role in metabolism of progesterone in buffalo that are then secreted in the bile. The highest conversion of progesterone metabolite with 5μg/ml of progesterone concentration might be associated with the liver function. The principal progesterone metabolite by HPLC was 5β-pregnane-3β (52.37%) and less 5-Prgnane 3β (24.53%), with 5μg/ ml of progesterone concentration during 12hrs of incubation. These results are compared with studies in other ruminants in which pregnanes in the 5β-configuration and 5α-configuration are the dominant form in the faeces.

8 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

023471   Rani S;Gupta R K;Kanikatehri (Zoology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: s.sonavickey@gmail.com) : Zinc and cadmium induced changes in the proteolytic and amylolytic enzyme activity in Indian major carps. Bioscan 2015, 10(2), 613-16.

The present study was conducted during 2012 to investigate the individual and combined effect of heavy metals (Zinc and Cadmium) on proteolytic and amylolytic enzyme activity of most commonly cultured fish species of Indian major carps; Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala at three doses i.e. 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 ppm, respectively. The effect on respective enzyme activities was found in a dose dependent manner. Cd and Zn treatments (0.06 ppm) showed a maximum reduction of 15.21 and 8.84% over control in the proteolytic activity in L. rohita out of the three tested fish species. Likewise, the amylolytic activities showed maximum reduction in C. mrigala with a decrease of 19.40 and 13.43% over control subjected to the same treatments, respectively. The enzyme activity depicted maximum reduction (20.40% in proteolytic activity in C. catla and 38.8% in amylolytic activity in C. mrigala) under heavy metal treatment in combination Cd+Zn (0.06+0.06 ppm). The results thus reveal that Cadmium and Zinc in aquatic environments could significantly (Pd"0.05) reduce enzyme activity in the aquatic fauna thus constituting a core group of aquatic pollutants.

3 tables, 27 ref

023470   Rani D (Zoology Dep, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ranidaisy@gmail.com) : New cestode, Jordangria capracus NG., NSP. from Capra hircus, Jhansi (U.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 111-14.

5 illus, 4 ref

023469   Rani Bibha Kumari;Arun Kumar;Bhatta B (NO, , Panda, Chakbahauddin, Dalsingsarai, Samastipur, Bihar, Email: arun93440@gmail.com) : Water quality of Khoksa pokher, Dalsingsarai, district Samastipur (Bihar) India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 108-10.

The present study was carried out the physicochemical conditions of water of Khoksa, Pokher Dalsingsarai, District Samastipur (Bihar). The quality was assessed by examining various physicochemical parameters namely pH, dissolved oxygen,turbidity,free CO₂ and phosphate. From the investigation, it was found that some of the parameters pH, dissolved oxygen,phosphate were within permissible limits but there is a need to take some concrete steps by farmers to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides in limit to save water fauna and better health of people residing in this area.

1 table, 7 ref

023468   Pathak A;Srivastav A K (Zoology Dep, D.V. College, Orai-285 001, Email: akscks@rediffmail.com) : Morphotaxonomical study of a new cestode Gangesia (Gangesia) choparai N.SP. from a fresh water fish, Wallago attu from Jalaun (U.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 115-20.

The worm was procured from intestine of fresh water fish, Wallago attu at Ragaulai, Distict Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh, India. After morphological study of worm we reach on the conclusion that present species differs from all known species of genus Gangesia in the presence of internal seminal vesical, uterus 3-7 diverticula on either side and other characters.

6 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

023467   Nikam S M;Shejule K B (Zoology Dep, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lasalgaon. Tal- Niphad. Dist. Nashik-422 306, Email: nikamsm2007@rediffmail.com) : Study of acute toxicity of bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) on the freshwater fish, Nemacheilus botia, from Nandur Madhmeshwar Dam at Maharashtra, India. Bioscan 2015, 10(2), 517-19.

Acute toxicity of Bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) has been studied on freshwater fish Nemacheilus botia. Static bioassays were performed on fresh water fish, N. botia to evaluate the median lethal concentrations of Bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The LC₅₀ values were 0.01852, 0.0153, 0.01311 and 0.01099 ppm after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The results show that the LC₅₀ values decreases with increase in exposure period.

1 table, 30 ref

023466   Nanware S S;Bhure D B (Research and Post Graduate Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602, Email: drajbhure82@gmail.com) : Intestinal histopathology of Mastacembelus armatus<. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 125-30.

Present study was conducted to investigate histopathology of intestinal tissue of freshwater fish, Mastacembelus armatus, parasitized by Pseudophyllidean cestodes, Polyonchobothrium Sp. and Senga Sp. Obviously, the direct effect of cestode parasites mainly depend on their holdfast organs. In all 360 host specimens of Mastacembelus armatus were examined out of which 212 were found infected by cestode parasites viz. Polyonchobothrium Sp. and Senga Sp. Total incidence of cestodal infection was recorded to be 58.88% during February, 2015-January, 2016. Deep penetration of intestinal tissue of Mastacembelus armatus infected with Polyonchobothrium Sp. and Senga Sp. were found to occur due to penetrative scolex. Transverse section of intestinal tissue showed that cestodes attached to mucosal, sub-mucosal and muscularis mucosa of intestine with scolex and damaged host intestinal villi, invaded deep forming cyst. Its scolex caused destruction and defection of the infected intestinal tissue of fish host. Parasite derives nutritive material, required for growth, from host tissue by causing damage to it. Thus the study reveals that association of Polyonchobothrium Sp. and Senga Sp. with Mastacembelus armatus is more negative on health of fish host.

4 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

023465   Munirasu S;Uthayakumar V;Arunkumar P; Ramasubramanian V (Unit Aquatic Biotechnology and Live feed Culture Lab, Zoology Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046) : The effect of different feeds such as Chlorella vulgaris, Azolla pinnata and yeast on the population growth of Dophnia magna commonly found in freshwater systems. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(6), 5-10.

The effect of different concentrations of Phytoplankton (Chlorella vulgaris, Azolla pinnata, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for fed with Daphnia magna on Survival, population and Growth rate for 20 days, algae cells are harvested, dried, powdered and used as feed and both species are easily maintained in culture. The experimental was E1, E2 and E3 small freshwater Zooplankton organisms (D. magna) fed with mix phytoplankton Feed different Concentration (%) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The Experimental Daphnia magna on Survival, population and Growth rate Biochemical composition, of the three different species analyzed were significantly (p<60>0.05) higher in (E1) 4% concentration in Chlorella vulgaris, when compared to other experimental groups. The experiment results have shown that the feed chlorella resulted in maximum growth and increase in Daphnia population compared to other feeds like Azolla and yeast, we conclude that phytoplankton Chlorella vulgaris 4% was the best algal concentration food for the Daphnia magna culture.

1 illus, 2 tables, 48 ref

023464   Mohan S;Kumar D (Zoology Dep, Institute of Scince, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: dines1953@gmail.com ) : Effect of UVC (254 NM) irradiation on ovarian development of the red cotton BUG, Dysdercus koenigii (heteroptera : pyrrhocoridae). Biochem Cell Archs 2016, 16(1), 33-9.

The effects of UVC irradiation on ovarioles of Dysdercus koenigii were examined using histology and histochemistry. Fifth-instar nymphs were irradiated with UVC (254 nm) for 10, 15 and 20 minutes and adult females, obtained after moulting of such nymphs, were used. Histological examination of ovaries of irradiated group showed severe distortion in ovarian development. In UVC irradiated group size and shape of oocytes differ from control group. The number of yolk droplets decreased and had smaller size. Degenerated nurse cells were seen in germarium. In addition, the effects of UVC irradiation on the histochemistry of the ovaries included a decrease in protein, glycogen and lipid positive granules. These histological and histochemical changes in the oocytes were more severe as the duration of irradiation was increased. Results indicate that UVC irradiation successfully prevents oocytes development, yolk deposition and histochemical composition in ovaries of D. koenigii resulting in infertility. It is proposed that UVC irradiation method could be successfully incorporated into sterile insect technique programmes vice insecticides.

5 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

023463   Moghal M M;Pradhan V;Ladniya V (Zoology Dep, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: vidyaspradhan7@gmail.com) : Studies on crabs (brachyura). J advd scient Res 2015, 6(4), 1-12.

In this article a number of published papers on crabs both freshwater and marine water crabs are reviewed, we realized that probably there is not a single review paper available on such studies. So we made an effort in order to present a review paper on the crab studies. We observed that different types of works have been done on crabs (both freshwater and marine crabs). The works can be classified into at least four major sets i.e. 1] Anatomy and Body parts, 2] Effect of parameters on Growth [Environmental Factor, Water quality, Pesticides, Chemicals, Metal Salts etc], 3] Compositional and Nutritional Analysis, 4] Applications [Medicinal Applications, Others Applications]

68 ref

023462   Mathur N;Narayan A;Srivastava R;Srivastava A K (Zoology Dep, DAV College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Tapeworm infection in fresh water fish, Heteropneustes fossilis in relation to body weight of the host. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 97-100.

Monthly parasitological surveys were carried out to study host parasite relationship in relation to body weight of the host, Heteropneustes fossilis. It was found that fish having 151-200 g weight showed maximum prevalence and relative density but maximum mean intensity of cestode infection was recorded in the host ranging 51-100 g body weight.

5 tables, 7 ref

023461   Manoj Kumar;Chandra R (Biological Sciences Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Univ, Chitrakoot, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: manoj.150378@gmail.com) : Biodiversity and distribution pattern of aphidiphagous Endaphis aphidimyza (cecidomyiidae: diptera). Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 101-4.

In the present work four districts of Chitrkoot Dham region as well as nearby villages of Parbhani districts Maharashtra were surveyed to search the above endoparasitoid gall midge. No stage of Endaphis aphidimyza was seen in samples of the collections in Chitrakoot Dham region while the other natural enemies of aphids like syrphids, coccinellids and lace wings were recorded. Various ecological factors are responsible for the distribution of this gall midge.

2 tables, 5 ref

023460   Lekeshmanaswamy M;Devi K;Anusiya;Vasuki C A (Zoology Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, Email: ml_swamy64@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of cypermethrin on a freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Adv appl Res 2015, 7(2), 136-9.

The effect of the insecticide Cypermethrin on some biochemical characteristics (protein, carbohydrate and lipid content in the gill, liver, muscle, kidney and blood) of Cirrhinus mrigala was studied. The protein, carbohydrate and lipid content decreased in the treated tissues as compared to the control due to the increasing concentration of the pesticide.

ref

023459   Kumar A (P.G. Dep of Zoology, P.D.Mahila P.G. College, Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: anilkrz503@gmail.com) : Forest ecology of Gautam Buddha wild life sanctuary of Bihar, India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 93-6.

In India a bulk of Indian forest (about 174 mha of total land area) is degraded due to tremendous anthropogenic pressure and unsustainable practices. Even today protected areas (PAs) are also facing deteriorative great human impact. The Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary (GBWS) is one of the PA of Bihar State notified on the line of the Project Tiger. The Sanctuary possesses mixed biodiversity features due to its unique geographical conditions. It has northern tropical dry deciduous type of main forest with a number of phytosociologically differed sub types. A variety of wild animals are found here that provide ecological integrity to its forests but due to anthropogenic pressure, the biodiversity of the Sanctuary is depleted to a considerable extent in last few decades that is adversely affecting its forest. Such ecological degradation requires a well planned strategy for conservation of biodiversity and habitats of the Sanctuary. In this regard ecodevelopment scheme may prove to be a success.

13 ref

023458   Kulshrestha R;Jain I (Zoology Dep, Government P.G. College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, Email: aparnakuls@gmail.com ) : Assessment of diversity of butterfly species at Jhalawar, (Rajasthan) India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 105-7.

Jhalawar is located in the south east corner of Rajasthan at the edge of the Malwa plateau. The study of diversity and richness of butterflies was carried out mainly in three areas of Jhalawar: College Campus, Shree Jairaj Park and Jhiri area. The butterflies were collected by using nets and hand picking. Collection was done in the months of FebruaryMarch and September-October, between 11:00 to 02:00 hours. A total of 20 species of butterflies belonging to 4 families (Pieridae, Papilionidae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae) were captured and identified. The most dominant family was Pieridae (7 species) and Nymphalidae (7 species) followed by Papilionidae (3 species) and Lycaenidae (3 species). The abundance of species collected was also recorded.

1 table, 8 ref

023457   JoshiPurohit K;Dhasmana R (Opthalomology Dep, S.R.H.U. Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Email: kena_166@yahoo.co.in) : Inflammatory CNVM by toxoplasmosis: a review article. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(1), 145-8.

23 ref