003249   Joni Kumar;Mall P (Entomology Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: jonikumar68@gmail.com) : Effect of life stages and colony on live weight of newly emerged queen Apis mellifera Ligustica. J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1379-83.

The present study was carried out in apiary, Department of Entomology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Udham Singh Nagar) Uttarakhand. Thirteen hives (Langstroth hive) with nine bee frames strength cell builder colonies were established four days prior to larval grafting by dequeening strong colony. The larval grafting technique was adopted for queen rearing. Frame with thirteen artificial queen cells were grafted in each colony and the maximum no. of acceptance of queen cells was recorded in C₂ (23.00 cells) and C₁ (22.00 cells) colonies. In respect of no. of sealing of accepted cells, the maximum no. of sealing was observed in C₁ (19.00 out of 22.00 cells) and C₂ (19.00 out of 23 cells), whereas, the maximum no. of emergence (15) was recorded in C₁ and C₂ colonies. The newly emerged queens from these cells were weighed three times i.e. three days after emergence; one day after the mating and after start of egg lying. The maximum weight (215.85 mg) of queen was recorded from C₄ colony after the onset of oviposition. The purpose of our study is to raise the quality queen from the good colony to remove the bad traits of existing queen.

3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

003248   Istkhar;Bhat A H;Aasha;Bhawna;Panwar A; Chaubey A K (Nematology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Univ, Meerut-250 004, Email: istkharrao@gmail.com) : Report on dose dependent pathogenic and reproductive properties of populations of Steinernema surkhetense along with Steinernema abbasi isolates of Indian origin using laboratory host Galleria mellonella (L.). J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1393-8.

Four indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes two each of Steinernema abbasi and S. surkhetense were tested for their pathogenicity and reproductivity at different doses against wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella. S. abbasi isolates were found highly pathogenic and caused 100% mortality within 36 and 48 hours respectively in isolate CS₁₇ and CS₁₈. However, S. surkhetense isolate CS₁₉ and CS₂₀ were found less effective as both were not enough virulent to kill all the replicates even after 72 hours. Lowest LC50 value (12.47 IJs/larva) with highest pathogenicity was shown by S. abbasi isolate CS₁₈ followed by S. abbasi isolate CS₁₇ and S. surkhetense isolate CS₂₀. S. surkhetense isolate CS₁₉ was found weakest pathogenic with a requirement of LC50 796.18 IJs/larva to kill 50% insect host population. This study revealed that all the four test nematodes are able to propagate in the host cadaver and produced a varied number of 3rd stage infective juveniles at different doses applied. S. abbasi isolate CS₁₇ and CS₁₉ produced 1.16x10^{5 and 1.32x105 IJs/larva at 50 IJs/larva dose without showing any significant relation between applied doses and IJs production. S. surkhetense isolate CS₁₉ showed a positive correlation where increment in dose decreased the IJs production and produced maximum IJs production (1.08x105 IJs/larva) at lowest dose applied (25 IJs/larva). In isolate CS₂₀ the correlation reversed and maximum IJs production was recorded in strongest dose (200 IJs/Larva) with 0.66x105 IJs/larva. This is a first pathogenic and reproductive trial reports using S. surkhetense against any insect.}

2 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

003247   Gupta S K (Zoological Survey of India, Prani Bhawan, 'M' Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 West Bengal) : Taxonomical studies on orthoptera (insecta) fauna of Durg district of Chhattisgarh, India. e-J appl For Ecol 2016, 4(1), 1-8.

Durg district is situated in Chhattisgarh state of India. The District Durg is in the Central part of Chhattisgarh. The district covers an area of 8.537 Km. sq. The paper presents new records of 38 species of Orthoptera fauna pertaining to 34 genera under 6 families from Durg district, Chhattisgarh. The entire study is based on the specimens collected from various localities of Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India.

003246   Farooqui S A;Siddiqua K S (Zoological Survey of India, Centrasl Zone Regional Centre, Vijay Nagar, Jabalpur-480 002, Email: shahababfarooqui@gmail.com) : Range extension of the moth Cephonodes hylas Linn. (Lepi-doptera : Sphingidae) from Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh). Bionotes 2017, 19(1), 31.

6 ref

003245   Das A;Debnath N;Ghosh L K (Zoology Dep, Vidyasagar College, 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata-700 006, Email: dapurva69@gmail.com) : Preliminary study on the biodiversity of aquatic insects in Santragachi Jheel, Howrah. J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1505-12.

The study emphasizes the diversity of aquatic insects in freshwater of Santragachi Jheel, Howrah during September, 2015 to February, 2016. It deals with 4 species of Hemiptera belonging to 4 families. Coleoptera is represented by only 5 species belonging to 4 families. The study reflects on the incidence of some insects as bio-indicator of pollution as well as bio-control agents in the ecosystem of jheel in the area of study. The repeated collections throughout the year under different parameters may yield the exact picture on insect biodiversity in fresh water ecosystem in the area.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

003244   Dar S A;Shah G M;Ahmad S (Zooogy Dep, GDC, Sopore-193 201, Email: drshamimsopore@gmail.com) : Water bird diversity in Haigam wetland of Jammu and Kashmir. J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1589-92.

The present communication deals with the diversity of avifauna in Haigam wetland. During the present study a total of 24 species of water birds belonging to 8 orders and 10 families, including 17 species are winter visitor and 7 species are widespread. Of the total identified birds Common Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were counted highest at site II (674) and IV (122) followed by Indian Pond-Heron (Ardeola grayii) at site I (208) and Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) at site II (202) these species preferred water depths of less than 1 metre (3.3 ft), and avoiding areas more than a few metres deep with aquatic vegetation. The study revealed a positive correlation between water level and distribution of foraging sites.

2 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

003243   Chauhan D K;Singh T;Saini J;Lal S S (Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, C.C.S. Univ, Meerut-250 005) : Biodiversity of Haemonchus parasitizing intestine of sheep. J nat Resour Dev 2016, 11(1), 44-8.

Brookes et al (2002) said that 21 century is to be considered a new age of discovery espically frohi biodiversity (diversity) of species. Comparative base line and archives for biodiversity of species and essential for studying biotic responses of host parasites system. The impact of parasitic infections constitutes significant health and social problem (WHO, 1987). Biodiversity of species in animal parasites belonging to protozoan, Trematodes, Cestode, Nematodes, Phytonematodes and arthropods has been studied by various working in various hosts. Sheep is the most economically important mammals. Present study deals with biodiversity ofHaemonchus intraintestinal nematode of sheep. Parasites were collected from the intestine of freshly autopcized sheep. The parasites were processed for microscopic examinations after mounting them in lactophenol, Microphotography was done.

3 illus, 9 ref

003242   Chatterjee T;Chakraborty K;Bhaumik S;Roy S; Biswas B;Hassan M E (Zoology Dep, Vidyasagar College, Sector 2, CL Block, Salt Lake City, Kolkata) : Diversity of the bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Salt Lake City, Kolkata. Bionotes 2017, 19(1), 24-5.

1 table

003241   Brahmane V T;Desai A Y;Temkar G S;Patel M R (NO, Dean & Principal of College of Fisheries, Veraval-362 265, Email: mika.patel9@gmail.com) : Threaten ichthyofouna reported in the vicinity of marine protected areas, Jamnagar, gulf of Kachchh, India. J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1257-62.

The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity form four landing canters viz., Sikka bander, Bed (Rasulnagar), Bedibander, and Vadinar with the help of different fishing gears used in the vicinity of Marine National Park (MNP), Jamnagar. Sampling was done in monthly interval during September 2012 to May 2013. A total of 29 fish species IUCN listed species revealed in present study. VU -Vulnerable(2 species), NearThreatened (6 species), Least Concern(17 species), Data Deficiency(2 species) Endangered (2 species) highest number of species (8 species) followed Mugilidae (5 species), Clupeidae (4 species), Haemulidae (4 species), Serranidae (4 species) and Sparidae (4 species) form present study.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

003240   Ashwini S B;Ashoka J;Bheemanna M;Hanchinal S G (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, College of Agriculture, Raichur-584 104, Email: ashwinisb07@gmail.com) : Biology and morphometry of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on cabbage. J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1375-7.

The studies on the biology ofSpodoptera litura (Fab.) on cabbage revealed that the incubation period of egg, total larval and pre-pupal period were 2.33 ± 0.19, 21.10 ± 1.08 and 2.22 ± 0.38 days, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 2.94 ± 0.33, 3.11 ± 0.43 and 4.45 ± 0.72 days, respectively. The total life cycle from egg to emergence of adult was 35.44 ± 1.44 (male) and 36.04 ± 1.61 (female) days, respectively.

3 tables, 7 ref

003239   Anitha N;Sirisha G (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Influence of photoperiod and rainfall on body length of male and female freshwater prawn "Macrobrachium rosenbergii". Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(1), 35-7.

The speculation that climate change may impact on sustainable prawn growth suggests a need to understand how these effects influence body length of prawn. It is well known that growth in crustaceans is influenced by abiotic factors like photoperiod and rainfall. These factors were studied on the body length of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii under natural environmental conditions from June to March. The results revealed that the minimum and maximum photoperiod is found to be 4.3 h to 8.5 h respectively. The rainfall highly recorded is 545.8 mm in November. The body growth of prawn is dependent only in monsoon and post monsoon periods. However, the present study deals with the study of influence of abiotic factors such as photoperiod and rainfall on increase in body length in male and female prawns that can be implemented in aquaculture practices for the better yield of production.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

003238   Ahmadi K;Vazirianzadeh B;Jalali A;Heidari A; Joola P (Toxicology Dep, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapour Medical Sciences Univ (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran, Email: babakvazir@yahoo.co.UK ) : Morphometric study of Odonthubutus bidentatus (Schrpuonida : Buthidae) and it's dimorphism in Khuzestan a SW province, Iran, 2014. J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1567-70.

Scorpion sting is a common important health problem in Khuzestan, a SW province with the most of mortality and cases of scorpion sting in Iran. The geographical distribution showed that O.bidentatusis restricted to the southwest regions of Iran, mainly Khuzestan. This species is not well investigated. The scorpion specimens which were examined during this study collected using a UV light over summer of 2014 from Ahvaz-Mahshahr motorway deserts. During the present study ten external morphologic characters of scorpions were measured using callipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. They were: length of tibia, carapace, the 4th metasomal segments, metasomalsegment(tail), body, abdomen, telson and pecten and widths of telson and carapace. The numbers of pectinal teeth were counted, too. The best characters that explain dimormophism in this species are length of pectines and the numbers of pectines teeth.

1 table, 18 ref

003237   Acharya S;Basu P;Adagale D N (Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: acharya.shelley@gmail.com) : New records of two oribatid soil mites (ACARI: Oribatida) from Indian state of Telangana. Bionotes 2017, 19(1), 28-30.

5 ref

002339   Zhou A;Zhuo X;Luo J;Huang G;Yu D;Zou J (Aquaculture Dep, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural Univ, Guangzhou-510 642, Email: zoujixing@scau.edu.cn) : Investigation on genetic diversity of northern snakehead (Channa argus) populations in China using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(3), 52-8.

Genetic diversity of northern snakehead (Channa argus) from China were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 361 loci were detected by seven AFLP selective primer combinations from 240 individuals collected at eight locations. The proportion of polymorphic loci and Nei's genetic diversity among populations ranged from 32.1 to 46.1% and 0.092 to 0.128, respectively. Compared to other fish species, the northern snakehead population exhibited a lower level of genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation (Fst) and genetic distance among populations ranged from 0.034 to 0.382 and from 0.015 to 0.155, respectively. Molecular variance analysis showed that there was significant differentiation (p<60>0.05) among eight populations. Results from UPGMA analysis indicated that the eight populations could be divided into four major clusters. These results would be useful for the conservation of the northern snakehead resources and in selective breeding programmes.

5 tables, 44 ref

002338   Vishan Kumar;Singh S;Chauhan K (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra-282 002) : Experimentation on feeding of an alga, Spirulina and ED₅₀ determination for a fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Bionotes 2016, 18(2), 68.

5 ref

002337   Varshney R K (A Biologists confrerie, Raj Bhawan, Manik Chowk, Aligarh-200 001) : Notes from D' abrera's butterflies of the oriental region, relevant to South Asian taxa. Bionotes 2016, 18(2), 57-62.

002336   Varshney R K (A Biologist Confrerie, , Raj Bhaean, Manik Chowk, Aligarh-201 001) : Notes from D'abrera's butterflies of the oriental region, relevant to South Asian taxa. Bionotes 2016, 18(1), 18-23.

002335   Sudesh Kumar;Bhandari S (Zoology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Campus Pauri-246 001) : Survey of bird fauna in temperate nagdev reserve forest in district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 45-50.

Bird diversity was studied in temperate Nagdev reserve forest of district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand. The field survey was conducted from April 2015 to September 2015 in the morning hours (5:30am to 9.00am). A total of 58 species belonging to 7 orders and 16 families were observed. Some of common birds observed during survey are fire capped tit, spotted dove, white eared bulbul, black lore tit and streaked laughing thrush. Out of 1672 individuals, the maximum observed birds are White throated laughing thrush, kalij pheasant, blue whistling thrush, black headed jay, grey headed parakeet and birds observed in minimum are rose finch, white napped tit, blue capped rock thrush, rufous tree pie, grey wagtail, chestnut bellied nuthatch, himalayan blue tail, great barbet red billed magpie and rufous sibia.

1 table, 16 ref

002334   Sirsikar A A;Wanule D D;Sirsikar A N (Life Sciences Dep, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded-431 602, Email: apurva.sirsikar@gmail.com) : Preliminary report on the lepidoptera fauna of Nanded, Marathwada region, Maharashtra. Bionotes 2016, 18(1), 27-8.

8 ref

002333   Singh R (Zoology Dep, S.R.T. Campus, HNB Garhwal Univ, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand) : Length - weight relationship and relative condition factor in Noemacheilus botia (Ham). J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 35-44.

The paper deals with the length - weight relationship and condition factor in Noemacheilus botia (Ham), collected from Khoh river in a stretch between Dogadda and Kotdwar. The study indicated that there was a close relationship between length and weight. The annual average values of regression coefficient 'b' were below cube for both males and females 1.14 for males (r = 0.970) and 1.10 for females (r = 0.980) as well as 1.12 (r = 0.980) for pool data. Regression coefficient was not found close to the cube of length with few exceptions. The condition factor in this particular fish fluctuates more with gonadal maturation than the feeding.

5 tables, 31 ref

002332   Singh D P;Sharma V;Neeraj Kumar (Zoology Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001, Email: dheerpal@gmail.com) : ATPase poisoning in Channa punctatus exposed to cyfluthrin and their recovery response. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 73-81.

The specific activities of Na^{+ -K+ ATPase and Mg ATPase were investigated in the liver, kidney and muscles of a fresh water fish, Channa punctalus at the interval of 15 days and 30 days exposure to l/5th of 96h TL_m of Cyfluthrin, i.e., 0.00038 mg/l.The activities were found to be inhibited significantly.The recovery response of the adverse effects of the exposure was also carried out.The inhibition in the activity of Na+-K+ ATPase after 15 days exposure was 33.63%, 28.80% and 31.87% which was recovered after 15 days in toxicant free water up to the levels of 13.65%, 10.12% and 12.88% in liver, kidney and muscles, respectively and the activity of Mg++ ATPase was inhibited by 38.31%, 35.38% and 37.59% which was found to be recovered up to 14.49%, 12.54% and 14.l8%in the liver, kidney and muscles respectively. The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase after 30 days exposure was inhibited to 48.86%, 38.24% and 46.28% and after 30 days in normal water that was recovered up to 15.31%, 11.84% and 15.14% and inhibition of Mg++ ATPase was found to be 58.39%, 53.43% and 55.75% and after recovery it was found to be 16.31%, 13.27% and 14.87% in liver, kidney and muscles respectively. The order of inhibition in the activity of ATPase was found to beliver<62>muscles<62>kidney and the order of recovery of the activity of ATPase was found to be kidney<62>muscles<62>liver.This alteration in the activity of ATPase may alter cellular metabolism which may in turn result in the alteration of physiology of the fish.}

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

002331   Sar A;Chakraborti U;Roy S;Biswas O;Mitra B (Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053) : Account of the rove beetles (Coleoptera : staphylinidae) from the Sunderban biosphere reserve, West Bengal. Bionotes 2016, 18(2), 52-3.

9 ref

002330   Sar A (Coleptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-53) : New records of rove beetles from Himachal Pradesh (coleoptera: staphylinidae). Bionotes 2016, 18(2), 63.

1 ref

002329   Sar A (Zoological Survey of India, , M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: abasar@gmail.com) : Diversity of rove beetles from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh (coleoptera : staphylinidae). Bionotes 2016, 18(1), 25.

1 ref

002328   Roshith C M;Manna R K;Suresh V R;Panda D; Sharma A P;Chowdhury A R;Mukherjee M;Banik S K (Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120, Email: varunasree2003@yahoo.com) : Electric ray narcine timlei (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae) from Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(8), 1408-10.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

002327   Rashid M;Dobriyal A K (Zoology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, (A Central Univ), Pauri Campus, Garhwal, Uttarakhand-246 001) : Preliminary observations on the population structure of Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) in river Nayar, Garhwal Himalay, Uttarakhand. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 27-35.

Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) is an eel like fish locally called Gair is inhabited in the river Nayar of Garhwal Himalaya. The paper deals with population structure analysis of the fish from rivarNayar during January to December, 2014 in district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand. Sex ratio from a sample size of 59 specimens was analysed moth wise and also season wise to see whether the population structure is natural or not. The significance was tested by Chi-square test. It was observed that there was significant difference in sex ratio almost throughout the year (x^{2= 4.898; Table value-X2₀₅,=0.46) which is an important reason of its low population. Steps towards conservation of species are required, which we intend to do in near future.}

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

002326   Pramod Kumar;Shweta Rani (Zoology Dep, R.H.G.P.G. College, Kashipur-244 713, Email: shwetaschoolar@gmail.com) : Seasonal variation in physico-chemical properties of Ramganga river at Kalagarh (Uttarakhand). J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 109-15.

Present study has been carried on Ramganga River at Kalagarh, Indiato assess the seasonal variation of its physico-chemical parameters from April 2013 to March 2014.During the study, the parametersmonitored includepH, temperature, transparency;B.O.D., D.O., T.D.S and velocity were studied. Throughout the study period a significant variation in the parameters were observed.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

002325   Pramod Kumar;Saini N (Zoology Dep, R.H.G.P.G College, Kashipur-244 713(Udham Singh Nagar) Uttarakjhand, Email: Sainineelam301@gmail.com) : Phytoplanktonic and ichthyofaunal diversity of Kosi river at Lalpur barrage (Rampur) India. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 49-55.

Present investigation of plankton diversity and fish fauna of River Kosi was carried out from March 2013 to February 2014 at Lalpur barrage in Rampur district (U.P.). The qualitative analysis of biological parameters of River Kosi showed high quantity of phytoplankton during this study. Three major groups of phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae, Bacilloriophyceae, and Cyanophyceae) were studied fordiversity and seasonal abundance and seven fish families viz. Cyprinidae, Channadae, Bagaridae, Siluridae, Heteropneustidae, Belonidae and Claridae were identified. During present study it was also revealed that the water of Kosi River is getting polluted by anthropogenic activities.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

002324   Pinky Kaur;Shrivastav R;Dad B;Ja G N;Qureshi T A (Zoology Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026, Email: drpkaur18@gmail.com) : Suppresion of ovarian development in freshwater fishes due to endo-helminthic infection. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(3), 128-32.

A study was undertaken to investigate suppression of ovarian development caused by endohelminthic parasites in three species of freshwater fishes viz., Channa punctata, Nandus nandus and Xenentodon cancila. Ovaries of host fishes were primarily found infected with encapsulated larvae, indirectly affecting ovarian development. Lower gonadosomatic index and fecundity were recorded in infected fishes compared to uninfected ones. The study also assessed histopathological changes caused by the parasites, which revealed damaged and disrupted germinal epithelium, damaged oocytes showing signs of necrosis, liquification of yolk globules and reduction in yolk formation in infected ovaries.

5 illus, 24 ref

002323   Mitra B;Ghosh J;Chakraborti U;Shah S K;Mishra P (Zoological Survey of India, , M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: bulganinmitra@gmail.com) : Beetle fauna associated with the tea gardens of Northern West Bangal. Bionotes 2016, 18(2), 66-7.

3 ref

002322   Lokesh R;Veerakumari L (PG and Research Dep of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030, Email: veerakumari_2002@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula on the motility and acetylcholinesterase of Cotylophoron cotylophorum. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3975-80.

Cotylophoron cotylophorum, the parasite of ruminants cause a disease called paramphistomosis. Paramphistomosis in domesticated ruminants cause considerable economic loss to the livestock industry in India. In the present study, the anthelmintic activity of Terminalia chebula was assessed based on its effects on the motility and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the digenetic trematode C. cotylophorum in vitro. The flukes were exposed to five different sub-lethal concentration of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula (TcEE) for 2, 4 and 8h. The motility response of the drug-treated parasites was recorded with the aid of Electronic micromotility meter (EMM). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the C. cotylophorum was assayed following standard method. The maximum inhibition of motility and AChE activity was observed at 0.5 mg/ml concentration after 8 h of exposure. Inhibition of AChE activity increased with an increase in the drug concentration and the period of exposure. AChE is an enzyme involved in neurotransmission. The ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula (TcEE) inhibits the AChE and affect the motor activity of the parasites, thus the parasite lose its biochemical hold fast and get expelled from the host.

31 ref

002321   Lakshmi Devi P;Joseph A (Marine Biology Dep, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sc, Cochin Univ of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-682 016, Email: aneykuttyi@yahoo.co.in) : Taxonomy of mudcrabs of the genus Scylla (De Haan) from Cochin backwaters, Kerala, India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(3), 45-51.

The present study was carried out to resolve the species ambiguity of Scylla species found in Cochin Backwaters, Kerala, India by anlysing 365 adult mudcrabs (211 males and 154 females). The work focused mainly on the description of the species based on morphological characters, specifically the first and second pleopods and the third maxillipeds which are commonly used for the identification of closely related species of crabs. These structures were dissected out, examined under a binocular microscope and described with the help of camera lucida drawings. Two species of Scylla were identified and the structures revealed remarkable variations between them. Earlier works reported the existence of two species of mudcrabs, viz., Scylla serrata and Scylla tranquebarica in Cochin Backwaters. But results of the present study indicated that the species occurring in Cochin Backwaters are S. serrata and S. olivacea. The present study also reports the occurrence of S. olivacea in Cochin Backwaters for the first time, on the basis of valid classical taxonomic evidence.

7 illus, 30 ref

002320   Kumar Ghorpade (Scientist Emeritus and Research Associate in Systematic Entomology, Agricultural Sciences Univ, C/o P.O. Box 221, K.C. Park P.O., Dharwar-580 008, Email: kumarsinh.g@gmail.com) : Butterflies of Gulbarga district, deccan plateau, Hyderabad Karnatak. Bionotes 2016, 18(2), 47-9.

10 ref

002319   Koshal Kumar;Rana A R;Kotnala C B (Zoology Dep, Pauri Campus HNB Garhwal Univ, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, Email: koshalbagelu@gmail.com) : Length-weight relationship of Macrobrachium assamense peninsulare (Tiwari, 1958), a minor freshwater prawn in rawasan stream of Uttarakhand, India. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 13-19.

Macrobrachium assamense peninsulars (Tiwari, 1958) is a minor freshwater prawn inhabiting foothill river and streams of Uttarakhand. Length-weight relationships of prawn species collected from Rawasn stream during the year 2014 were estimated One hundred and seventy five prawns consist of 84 female and 91 male were taken in present study. The length/weight relationship for male, female and pooled of both sexes was expressed as log W =- 2.873 + 0.997 log L (r = 0.870) and log W = - 2.203 + 0.841 log L (r = 0.805) Log W=- 2.6043 +0.09381 Log L(r = 0.8536) respectively. A strong positive relationship exist between the Macrobrachium assamense peninsulare length and weight in male and female in the study period (b<60>3). The b values obtained from the length/weight relationship (LWR) showed that there was a high and significant correlation between the total length and weight after using the t-test for the significance of correlation. The highest correlation coefficient 'r' of 0.87 in male prawn obtained in this study showed that there is strong association between length' weight of male as compared to female. This means that the length of the prawn increase the weight increase in the same proportion.

3 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

002318   Koshal Kumar;Kotnala C B;Rana A R (Zoology Dep, Pauri Campus H.N.B Garhwal Univ, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhands-246 001, Email: koshalbagelu@gmail.com) : Sex composition status of Macrobrachium assmense peninsulare (Tiwari, 1958) from rawasan stream, Garhwal, Himalaya Uttarakhand, India. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 29-33.

Macrohrachium assamense peninsulare is a minor cold water prawn locally called "Jinga machi" is inhabited in the Rawasan stream of Garhwal Himalaya. This paper deals with sex composition of the prawn for an interval of two year w.e.f Aug 2013 to July 2015 in Rawasan stream. Sex ratio from a sample of 403 specimens was analyzed month wise and season wise to se wealth the population structure is nature or not. The pooled data display a ratio of 1 Male: 1.09 female, confirm that male-Icmalc sex ratio was non-significant (p<62>0.05) from the expected 1:1 ratio during the study.

2 tables, 11 ref

002317   Katoch P D;Balodi V P;Thapliyal A;Koshal Kumar;Rashid M D;Sagir M D;Dobriyal A K (Zoology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ (A central Univ), Pauri Campus, Pauri Garhwal-246 001) : Population structure and diversity analysis of benthic ephemeropterans in western nayar river during 2014-15. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 55-6.

The paper deals with population structure and diversity of benthic ephemeropterans in the river Western Nayar at Pabau and Chipalghat stations. It was observed that the group was represented by 6 genera in dominating sequence as Cinygma. Caenis. Baetis, Charaterps, leptophlebia and Ephemerella. Water quality of ricer at Pabau was more conducive than at chipalghat.

6 tables, 23 ref

002316   Joshi A;Pramod Kumar;Kunjwal S S;Bahuguna P (Zoology Dep, R.H. Govt.P.G. College Kashipur, Uttarakhand, Email: pankajpaurii@gmail.com) : Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of Neomacheilus montanus (Mccleeland) from Kumaun region, India. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 57-69.

This study describes the length -weight relationships and relative condition factors of Noemacheilus montanus (Mc Clelland) from Kumaun region, India. A total of 224 specimens were caught by using hand picking and scoop net from October 2011 to September 2013. Length-Weight a close relationship was observed in Noemacheilus montanus. The value of regression coefficient "b" was obtain 0.966 for males (r - 0.9273), 1.114 (r = 0.8921) for females and 1.046 (r=0.9005) for the pooled data. It is also noticed that correlation coefficient (r) of male (0.9273) is found to be slightly higher when compared to that of female (0.8921). From this study it is presumed that male gained more weight with increase in length, indicating a better well-being. The Relative Condition Factor (K_n) is calculated as a marker of general well being of fish, relative robustness, plumpness or fatness in numerical terms. The highest value for male fish was 1.445 ± 0.225 in the month of June and 1.091 ± 0.351 for the female in June. Season wise the K_n value were observed high 1.154 ± 0.593 for males and 1.055 ± 0.283 for female fishes in summer. It is also observed that the second next peak values were found during winter for both sexes (For male:-1.180 ± 0.763 and female:-1.025 ± 0.411) which represent good condition offish on the basis of active feeding and suitability of the environment.

4 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

002315   Gogoi R;Goswami U C (Zoology Dep, Fish Biology and Fisheries Sciences, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: rimzhim2011@gmail.com) : Reproductive biology of Amblypharygodon mola (Hamilton Buchanan, 1822) in pond ecosystem in Assam, North-east India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(3), 59-66.

Reproductive biology of Amblypharyngodon mola was studied in Assam during the year 2009-2011. No significant difference was observed in the external morphology between sexes, except during breeding season when the distended and bulging abdomen was vivid in mature female. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female A. mola showed three peaks in a year, once during March (15.57), second in June (18.74) and the third during September (17.84). In males, GSI was much lower compared to females; with three peaks in a year, during March (1.422), June (1.49) and September (1.398). Higher values of ova diameter was recorded thrice in a year in March (0.68 mm), June (0.748 mm) and September (0.762 mm), indicating that the spawning season of A. mola commences during these months. Males attained maturity for the first time in the size group 41-45 mm, while females attained first maturity in the size group 46-50 mm. Length at which 50% of the population mature (M₅₀), was estimated as 53 mm in male and 61 mm in female. Females showed dominance over males all throughout the year with average sex ratio of 1: 1.953 (<99>^{2 = 173.069, p <60> 0.05, N=1660). Absolute fecundity of A. mola varied from 485 (total length 54.4 mm, body weight 1.51 g and ovary weight 0.061 g) to 15786 (total length 91.3 mm, body weight 9.78 g and ovary weight 1.99 g).}

8 illus, 5 tables, 37 ref

002314   Gaur A;Gupta R C (Zoology Dep, I.F.T.M. Univ, Moradabad) : Effect of dithane M-45 on protease activity in fresh water snail, Pila globosa. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 21-6.

The present study has been taken up to observe the toxic effect on a fresh water snail, Pila globosa induced by Dithane M-45. The present study shows alteration in protease activity level in hepatopancrease and renal organ of Pila globosa at acute and chronic exposure of Dithane M-45. Significant elevation (P<60> 0.05) in protease activity was observed in hepatopancreas and renal organ at chronic exposure while slight elevation was observed in both experimental tissues at acute exposure of Dithane M-45.

4 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

002313   Dey S R;Singh P K;Ganguli S;De M (Zoology Dep, Rammohan College, Kolkata-700 010, Email: mitude@rediffmail.com) : Seri- bioinformatics: To enhance silken touch. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(2), 207-16.

Computational Biology has emerged as one of the leading interdisciplinary realms having applications and analytical implications in every branch of biological sciences. The efforts to understand silkworm or its interactions with other organisms have generated a plethora of information which has been converted into different types of electronic databases. Application of modern methodologies, such as, next generation sequencing - comparative modelling and simulation, docking and design of specific molecules which not only provide insight on disease incidence and progression in silkworms but also provides us with necessary information for enhancement of silk fibre quality for enhancing that silken touch. These seri-bioinformatics databases are a valuable seri-bioresource. In this paper, we have reviewed some of the available online resources on silkworm and its related organisms, including databases as well as informative websites. Designed as a basic platform and accompanied by the SilkDB, MorusDB and strives to be a comprehensive platform for the silkworm-mulberry interaction studies. Some of the other seri-databases reviewed are BmMDB, MulSatDB and SilkTransDB. Application of bioinformatics tools and techniques not only facilitated detection of proteomic and genomic diversity among the species/strains but also resulted in finding a gap in the silkworm genome sequence of a strain that diverged during the course of domestication.

1 table, 23 ref

002312   Dey S R (Zoology Dep, Rammohan College, Kolkata-700 009, Email: srdey1@rediffmail.com) : Biology and feeding efficacy of Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera), A native predator of whitefly, Aleuroclava pentatuberculata (Sundarraj and David), A mulberry pest: In search of an effective biocontrol agent for sericulture in West Bengal. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(2), 157-62.

In West Bengal Aleuroclava pentatuberculata (Sundarraj and David), a whitefly, is a pest causing extensive damage to the mulberry plant. General leaf yield losses of this plant were estimated as 24%, but in severe cases, leaves become unfit for silkworm rearing resulting in huge crop losses. The feeding habit of whitefly, Aleuroclava pentatuberculata (Homoptera: Aleryrodidae) causes depletion in qualitative and quantitative parameters of mulberry leaves. Protection of silkworm and its host plants from various kinds of pests, parasites and predators is a chronic problem in sericulture. Biological control is one of the most effective means of achieving insect control. While screening the whitefly infested mulberry leaves, a native predator, Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius) was found to feed on eggs and nymphal stages of whitefly. Complexities in the behaviour and life cycle of the natural predator population warrant a special attention for their use as effective biological control agents in modern sericulture. In this present investigation, feeding potential of the predator and its larval stages was studied. The data generated on the feeding efficacy are used in determining the life cycle stage of the predators which is most effective to keep the pest under control. The above study provides basic information about the lifecycle, feeding habits of the male and female adults of Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius) which suggests that it is a potent predator of the mulberry pest. Further mass multiplication and field efficacy studies need to be undertaken in order to use Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius) as a biocontrol agent in sericulture in future.

4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

002311   Bhandari S;Sudesh Kumar;Bisht M S (Zoology Dep, HNB Garhwal Central Univ Campus, Pauri-246 001, Email: sunilbhandari83@yahoo.in) : Avian diversity of the Western Nayar Vally (Pauri Garhwal) Uttarakhand. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 13-19.

The paper deals with study was carried out in Western Nayar valley (latitude 29 5' to 31 25'N and longitude 77° 45' to 81°E) including part of Jwalpa devi, Patisain, Metakund and Satpuli in district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand. Study was carried out in urban and forest habitat in the valley for one year during May 2008 to April 2009. Out of the total 119 bird species belonging to 11 orders, 31 families recorded in study area. Highest diversity of birds (Shannon index-H') was recorded in summer seasons H'= 4.1195, lowest diversity of birds (Shannon index-H') was recorded in winter seasons II'- 3.3843. The order Passeriformes and family Muscicapidae were dominant on other group of birds. Seven species of game birds viz., Red jungle fowl Gallus gallus, Pea fowl Pavo cristatus, White crested kaleej pheasant Lophura leucomelanos hamiltani, Cheer pheasant Catreus wallichii, Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar, Black partridge Francolinus francolinus and Hill partridge Ahorophila torqnela were sighted in the study area.

1 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

002310   Baluni P (Botany Dep, S.G.R.R.(P.G.) College, Deharadun-248 001) : Insight into the use of rare medicinal plants by the rural folk of district Chamoli Garhwal. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 21-8.

The present paper deals with the ethno-medicinal use of some rare plants by the rural folk of the Chamoli district. Fifty five elderly people and local herbal healers (Vaidyas) were interviewed for ihcir knowledge on the various use of the medicinal plants found in the adjacent areas. A total of 109 medicinal plants species were recorded and documented along with their botanical name, family, vernacular name, parts used and medicinal properties. The study emphasizes the herbal potential of I'tiarakhand and would also provide a base line to further strengthen the conservation of this important resource.

1 table, 6 ref

002309   Balodi V P;Koshal Kumar;Rashid M;Thapliyal A (Zoology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ Campus, Pauri Garhwal-246 001) : Planktonic diversity in potamon section of western nayar, Uttarakhand, India. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 95-100.

The plankton community structure and species diversity were studied at Western Nayar during September 2012 to February 2013 at a selected site (Sankarsain). The samples were collected by 20 bolting silk cloth and were preserved in 4% formalin on the spot, Sample was brought to lab for further anajysis. 18 genera of plankton were reported in the study belonging to three families i.e., the Chlorphyceae (9 genera) followed by Bacillariophycea (7 genera) and Myxophycea (2 genera). Highest numerical abundance was observed in November and lowest during October for Chlorophyceae and highest in January and lowest in October for Bacillariophycea.

10 ref

002308   Bagchi A;Basak A;Pal A;Roy A;Mondal S;Paul S (Zoology Dep, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata) : Checklist of the resident avifauna around the Ramakrishna mission boys home, Rahara, West Bengal. Bionotes 2016, 18(1), 16-17.

ref

002307   Alwan S F;Saleem R Z;Tahir R S;Mharb F O (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science College of Education, Tobruk Univ, Libya, Email: alwan_sami2005@yahoo.com) : Effect of aluminum on hemoglobin content of erythrocytes in the Tilapia zillii fish. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(2), 4907-10.

The effects of aluminum chloride were investigated on the hemoglobin content in adult Tilapia Zillii that exposed to different concentration of 25μg, 50μg and 100μg aluminum per liter of acidic soft water PH 6.0. This effect has been examined in the treated groups for three progressive time periods 24, 48 and 96 hours from beginning of exposure to aluminum. Results showed significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

14 ref

002306   AlSadoon M K;Diab M M S;Bauomy A A;Moneim A E A;Paray B A (Zoology Dep, College of Sciences, King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email: msadoon@ksu.edu.sa) : The possible effects of melatonin in Cerastes cerastes gasperettii venom-mediated toxicity and oxidative damage in mice. Curr Sci 2016, 110(8), 1505-12.

In this study, the role of melatonin has been explored for the prevention of Cerastes cerastes gasperettii venom-mediated toxicity and oxidative injury in male mice. The horned viper, C. c. gasperettii, is the most common snake in the subtropical deserts, including Saudi Arabia; its bite can be fatal. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of melatonin (10 mg/kg body wt) against the LD50 of C. c. gasperettii venom (0.978 rag/kg body wt) after 1, 2 and 6 h. The in vivo oxidative injury induced by the venom was clearly evident by the increased oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation and nitrite/nitrate) and decreased intioxidant molecules/enzymes (glutathione, superox-ide dismutase and catalase), along with the histopa-thological alternations in liver, kidney and lung. In addition, mice envenomation disturbed the normal serum levels of liver and kidney function parameters. These biochemical changes and pathological alternations prior to C. c. gasperettii venom injection were effectively counteracted by melatonin. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate that melatonin attenuates oxidative stress, pathogenesis and dysfunction of liver, kidney and lung of mice in C. c. gasperettii venom-toduced toxicity and oxidative injury via its anti-oiidant property. Therefore, it may be useful for the treatment for C. c. gasperettii bites.

6 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

002305   Agarwal R (Zoology Dep, Hindu College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: rupalidak1@rediffmail.com) : Alteration in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in Felis domesticus and Funambulus palmarum under artificial diet. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 7-12.

The present study deals with an experiment on the alteration in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) which shows that when the animals (Fells domesticus, a carnivore and Fundmbulus palmarum. a herbivore) were fed with artificial diet that contains food preservatives (BHA), artificial dyes (Food colourant -Red Led, Copper Arsenite), food additives (Melatonin) shows a significant elevation in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the blood of both mammals, Felis domesticus and Funambulus palmarum under artificial diet during summer, rainy and winter seasons.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

002304   Agarwal R (Zoology Dep, Hindu College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Alteration in urea level in blood in Felis domesticus (a carnivore) and Funambulus palmarum (a herbivore) with reference to natural and artificial diets. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 37-41.

Present paper deals with an experimant on the effect of artifiual diet on area level in blood of Felis duinestica and Funambulus palmarium in compaiison to natural diet. Anelevation in seren area (P<60>0.01) was recorded in summer, raving and entire season.

1 table, 6 ref

001257   Sharma B K (Freshweater Biology Lab, Zoology Dep, North-Eastern Hill Univ, Permanent Campus Umshing, Shillong-793 022, Email: profbksharma@gmail.com) : Phytoplankton diversity of Deepor Beel-a ramsar site in the floodplain of the brahmaputra river basin, Assam, north-east India. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(1), 33-40.

Plankton samples collected from two sampling stations (station I and II) of Deeper Beel, a Ramsar site, during November 2002 to October 2003, revealed occurrence of 59 species of phytoplankton belonging to 55 genera with species rich Chlorophyta <62> Bacillariophyta. They indicated monthly richness varying between 34 - 53 (39±6) species and 36 - 45 (39±3) species, and recorded 39.4 - 87.4% and 52.8 - 79.6% community similarities (vide Sorensen index) at two sampling stations, respectively. Phytoplankton formed 42.1 ± 9.0% and 43.6 ± 8.8% of net plankton abundance at stations 1 and II, respectively. Chlorophyta <62> Bacillariophyta influenced quantitative variations; Dinophyta and Cyanophyta were subdominant groups; Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta showed low abundance, while Ceratium hirudinella, Microcystis aeruginosa, Dinobryon sociale, Cosmarium granatum, Closterium sp., Oscillatoria sp. and Spimgyra sp. were important taxa. Phytoplankton recorded high species diversity, high equitability and low dominance. Individual abiotic factors exerted limited influence on richness and abundance of phytoplankton and their constituent groups. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with ten abiotic factors explained 55.3% and 77.9% cumulative variance of phytoplankton along axis 1 and 2 with importance of different factors at two sampling stations, respectively and thus affirmed micro-environmental differences between them.

9 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref