005356   Moharana T;Sahoo N;Mohanty A K (Zoology Dep, College of Basic Science and Humanities, OUAT, Bhubaneswar) : Comparative assessment of acaricidal property of lemon grass oil, deltamethrin, cypermethrin and amitraz on dog ticks; Rhipicephalus spp. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 17-20.

Pet animals especially dogs contribute a lot to the human society as they guard our properties and many of us also have emotional attachment with them. Diseases due to tick infestation Rhipicephalus spp. has become one of the greatest reason for their bad health. Development of resistance in ticks against drugs, high cost of available drugs and hazards associated with the use of chemical acaricides have created interest to evaluate the effects of herbal products like lemon grass oil and to compare its effectiveness with deltamethrin, cypermethrin and amitraz. Assessment of acaricidal property was made using standard concentrations (0.5ml/100ml of water) of the lemon grass oil, deltamethrin, cypermethrin and amitraz following adult emulsion test (AET). It has been found that lemon grass oil has better acaricidal property (83.3% to 94.4%) even than the chemical acaricides (6.6% to 53.3%). It was observed that about 25 to 28 out of 30 ticks were paralyzed within 1hr to 24hrs of lemon grass oil treatment with comparison to 9 to 16 in chemical acaricides.

3 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

005355   Mohapatra A;Tudu P C;Ray D (Marine Aquarium & Regional Centre, Zoologicakl Survey of India, Digha-721 428, Email: anil2k7@gmail.com) : First record of Neomerinthe rotunda chen, 1981 (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from Indian waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(6), 749-51.

First report of Neomerinthe rotunda Chen, 1981 from Indian waters is documented. The present paper confirms the occurrence of Neomerinthe rotunda Chen, 1981 in Indian east coast and extends the range of the occurrence of this species to Bay of Bengal.

1 illus, 8 ref

005354   Mohan Kumar;Qasim S S (Zoology Dep, Government Science College (Autonomous), Nrupathunga Road, Bangalore-560 001) : Standardization of butanol concentration as sedative for effecive anaesthetization of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linn.) seeds. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 95-101.

Anaesthetization of the animals is the prerequisite for many research activities. Normally the animals take more time for anaesthetization if the concentration of the sedative is low. But higher dosage of sedatives will take more time for the animal to recovery from the sedation and even may lead to mortality also. Hence in the present study it was tried to optimize the dosage of butanol concentration for the effective anaesthetization of different size groups Common carp Cyprinus carpio fish seeds. From the results of this study it is very clear that butanol can be used as a sedative for anaesthetization of Common carp fish seeds. 5 ml of butanol per liter of water is found to be optimum and effective foranaesthetization of Common carp fish seeds weighing in the range of 1-3, 4-6gm and 7 ml of butanol per liter of water for the size group 6-8 gm. There was no mortality of fish seeds during or even after the experiment due to anaesthetization.

2 tables, 20 ref

005353   Modak N;Dhanukar N;Ogale H;Padhye A (Biodiversity Dep, MES Abasahab Garware College, Karve Road, Pune-411 004, Email: anand.padhye@mesagc.org) : Advertisement calls of Amboli leaping frog Indirana chiravasi (Anura: Ranixalidae) from northern Western Ghats, India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(12), 2220-3.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

005352   Mishra A;Singh L B;Singh R K (Zoology Dep, Jharkhand College, Dumri, Giridih) : Physico-chemical study of the two fresh water bodies of Dhanbad and its impact on aquatic insects habitat selection. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 79-81.

The Physico-chemical analysis of water is very important for public health studies. Physico-chemical parameters refer to the water quality of fresh water. In the present study two ponds were selected namely Bekarbandh pond and Pampoo pond. Both the ponds are used by local peoples for bathing and even washing clothes. Limnological features of two ponds were taken into account in the present study. The key water quality parameters for fresh water bodies are temperature, oxygen,pH, alkalinity, hardness etc. Due to the several factors within the pond, these parameters fluctuate daily depending upon photosynthesis of aquatic plants (like algae). Both ponds showed an oligotrophic nature with the presence of poor nutrients and low vegetation.

1 table, 8 ref

005351   Marepally L;Benarjee G (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-0506 009, Email: lakshmi.velide@gmail.com) : Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in controlling bacterial infections in fifth instar larvae of Anthereae mylitta Drury (Daba TV). Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(2), 703-7.

Bacterial diseases are highly virulent and cause significant crop loss in Anthereae mylitta drury (Daba TV). Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate the efficient concentration of sodium hypochlorite in controlling bacterial infection through studies on mortality, Total haemocytes, Protein carbonyl content, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase in the fifth in star larvae. Results reveal that supplementation of 0.05% sodium hypochlorite concentration had significantly reduced the mortality rate due to bacterial infections. In comparison with the control (14788±123), the haemocyte count in 0.05% sodium hypochlorite supplemented larvae were recorded low as14125±146 whereas 0.1% and 0.01%concentration supplementation resulted in an increase of 15025±158 and 14965±185 haemocytes. In comparison with the control results also show that protein carbonyl content was doubled with 0.05% supplementation whereas an increase of 33.3% and 16.6% was recorded with 0.01% and 0.1% respectively. Alanine aminotransferase had shown significant increase of 138.7% with 0.05% sodium hypochlorite supplementation followed by 39% increase with 0.01% concentration in its activity. Supplementation with 0.1% did not show much variation in Alanine aminotransferase from the control. Aspartate aminotransferase activity levels found increased by 106.2% in fifth in star larvae supplemented with 0.05% sodium hypochlorite whereas 30.2% and 21.75% increase was recorded with 0.01%, 0.1% respectively. Based on the results obtained from present study 0.05% sodium hypochlorite is found efficient in controlling bacterial infections in Anthereae mylitta drury (Daba TV).

25 ref

005350   Maheswaran R;Sukumaran S;Nattudurai G; Ignacimuthu S (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Periyar Univ, Salem, Tamil Nadu-636 011, Email: mahes1380@gmail.com) : Bioefficacy of essential oil from Toddalia asiatica (L.)Lam. against dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus skuse. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(3), 245-51.

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the bioefficacy of the essential oil from the leaves of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. against the dengue vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus Skuse. The essential oil was extracted using Clevenger apparatus and tested at different concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) against I, II, III, and IV instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The larval mortality was recorded after 24 h of treatment. The LC50 values of the essential oil against I, II, III, and IV instar larvae of Ae. aegypti were 29.90, 31.75, 54.70 and 86.63 μg/mL, respectively and LC90 values were 86.00, 110.97, 296.38 and 500.97 μg/mL, respectively. When tested against I, II, III and IV instar larvae of Ae. albopictus, the LC50 values were 31.18, 34.40, 64.24, and 98.52 μg/mL, respectively and the LC90 values were 99.61, 251.03, 383.49, and 542.93 μg/mL, respectively. No mortality was observed in control groups of the two mosquito species. The results suggest that the essential oil of T. asiatica has the potential to be used as an ecofriendly larvicide against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.

1 illus, 2 tables, 51 ref

005349   Khanam Y;Singh Y (Laboratory of Environmental Biology Zoology Dep, Govt. Dungar College, Bikaner-334 001, Email: yasminkhanam7@gmail.com) : Seasonal biomass assessment in prosobranch of desert waters. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2016, 36(2), 167-70.

The individual biomass of different prosobranch snails recorded at two freshwater ponds namely, Gajner pond and Kodemdesar pond over an annual cycle in Bikaner, Rajasthan. An almost similar trend of annual fluctuations in average biomass was presented by prosobranch snails namely Bellamya bengalensis, Gabbia orcula and Diagoniostomu puichella.

4 illus, 5 ref

005348   Jyotsna Kumari;Yasmin F;Shazia S;Nivedita K; Prasad A;Upnishad K;Khatoon R;Arun Kumar (Zoology Dep, T.P.S College, Patna) : Studies on changes in haematological indices in relation to body weight, Locality and sex in two species of Channa. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 49-52.

Studies on different blood parameters were made in relation to body weight, locality and sex in Channa punctatus (Bloch.) and C. gachua (Ham). The RBC count, Hb content, WBC count and PVC increases with the increase in body weight by a fractional power of 0.16, 0.16, 0.30 and 0.57 (regression coefficient) respectively in C. punctatus. The correlation coefficients were high, ranging from 0.93 to 1.0. No statistical relationship could be obtained between the body weight and different blood parameters in C. gachua. Significant difference was found in different blood parameters in C. punctatus collected from two different localities. The blood parameters in males and female in the two species did not differ significantly.

4 tables, 10 ref

005347   Jawaid E;Sinha C D P (Zoology Dep, Gaya College, Gaya-824 234) : Amoebiasis in rural and urban population of Gaya district in Bihar. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 75-8.

A cross section study of 5 regions (Central, eastern, western, northern and southern) of Gaya district in Bihar was made by examination of 50 faecal samples from each region for the presence of cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent ofamoebiasis. The incidence varies from 9 to 14% in different areas of the district, the highest (13.6%) in central region (Gaya town and surrounding), followed by the southern (11.2%) region (Bodh Gaya and suburbs). In other areas, it is 9-10%. Examination of faecal films in normal saline or after staining with Dobell's iodine or formol ether concentration technique does not reveal any significant difference in cyst counts. Statistical analysis by Z-test of difference proportion or by chi-square test does not indicate any siggnificant difference in the incidence of amoebiasis in different regions. The infected persons are carrier and a patient source of infection of their family member and other people in the area. This is attributed to unhygienic habits, lack of sanitation, ingestion of contaminated food and drink especially through food handlers, fruit and cane juice vendors who use polluted water. In rural areas, lack of latrines in homes, defecation in open field and use of contaminated water from wells and ponds are the chief source of the spread of infection.

1 table, 10 ref

005346   Jain S;Rana N;Varma M (Zoology Dep, R G P G College, Meerut-250 001) : Comparative morphology of alimentary canal in relation to feeding habit of Indian rasborine fishes. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 87-93.

The fishes of subfamily Rasborinae of family Cyprinidae are small sized individuals with a streamlined body and have been adjusted as a group of great economic importance from aesthetic, medical, fisheries and game points of view. In the present study, the structure and morphometrics of alimentary canal of Rasborine fishes (11 species belonging to 8 genera) are described in relation to their food and feeding habits. The general pattern of alimentary canal was found to be similar but according to their feeding habit some morphological features was showing dissimilarity. The pattern and length of alimentary canal indicated inter and intraspecific variations. The stomach content analysis revealed that Amblypharyngodon mola, Aspidoparia morar, Barilius bendelisis, Esomus danricus mainly depended on vegetable matter whereas Barilius barila Hamilton, Barilius barna Hamilton, Barilius vagra Hamilton, Branchydanio rerio, Danio devario Hamilton, Raiamas bola, Rasbora (Rasbora) daniconius daniconius depended on animal matter. It has been observed that the rasborine fishes are predominantly larvivorous i.e. feeding on insect larvae except for Raiamas which is a carnivore.

11 illus, 16 ref

005345   Iyer P;Raghavan R;Dahanukar N;Sood N;Molur S (Science and Policy Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization (Zoo), Coimbatore-642 035, Email: rajeevraq@hotmail.com) : All that is green does not conserve: green certification of aquarium fishes in India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(11), 2054-6.

1 illus, 29 ref

005344   Indu (Zoology Dep, Govt. Degree College, Babrala Gunnaur, Sambhal-244 302, Email: indusre123@rediffmail.com) : Impact of the availability of host plants and prey aphids on the occurrence of lady beetles in Western Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2016, 36(2), 105-8.

The lady beetle and its developmental stages are dependent on the availability of the aphid food, which may only grow, when the specific food crop is available in the field. Thus, in nature a very regular and specific change and their interrelationship among host plants, aphid pests and the predator Coccinella septempunctata Linn. exist during mid July to April due to prevailing suitable condition in Saharanpur (the specific area of the work). Simultaneous, occurrence of the host plants in the field is a bio-indicator of the seasonal prevalence of the notorious aphid pests and predatory lady beetle population, depending on the suitability of the climatic condition. Thus, the growth of the host plant in the field indicate appearance of aphids which act as prey for the predator C. septempunctata.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

005343   Hussain S M;Casey K E (Geology Dep, Univ of Madras, Gundy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Email: smhussain7@hotmail.com) : Distribution of forsaminifera and ostracoda in the North Chennai coast (Ennore to Thiruvanmiur), Tamil Nadu: Implications on microenvironment. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(3), 416-24.

A total of 34 species of foraminifera belongs to Order Foraminiferida and 14 Ostracoda species to Order Podocopida were recorded from sediment and water samples collected from intertidal zone of north Chennai coast. Ammonia beccarii is the dominant and most widely distributed species of the coast. Intertidal fauna of north Chennai coast is a mixed assemblage of species from shoal environment (0-15 fathoms). Presence of offshore species in this study could be ascribed to the action of bottom water currents and wave/tide action. Water samples were showing alkaline nature. Species diversity indicates that sand is the favourable substrate for the surviving and abundance of the recorded fauna. It is also found that few of the identified foraminiferal species showing predated and some species exhibit different color pattern on the tests. Light color of the test reveals that these species were deposited under normal oxygenated environment.

5 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

005342   Hussain S;Dutta S P S (Zoology Dep, GDC, Mendhar, Email: sarshad2007@gmail.com) : Fish fauna of tehsil Mendhar, district-poonch, Jammu regionm, J&K state, with a new record of Botia birdi, Ompok pabda and Glyptothorax punjabiensis form Poonch district. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 1-11.

Fish survey in lentic and lotic water bodies of Tehsil Mendhar, District Poonch has revealed the presence of 21 fish species belonging to 04 orders, 07 families and 16 genera. There is a dominance of Cypriniformes (17 species) followed by Siluriformes (2 species) and Mastacembelliformes and Perciformes (one species each). Among the enlisted fishes Botia birdi, Ompok pabda and Glyptothoraxpunjabiensis are the new records for Poonch District. Maximum monthly perennial contribution, sometimes 100%, in fish catches is shared by Schizothorax richardsonii. Fishing methods commonly employed include rod and hook, cast net, wall gill net, hand net, pot trap, hand picking, baskets, buckets, poisoning (bleaching powder, extract of Euphorbia royalaena, seed powder of Xanthoxylum alatum), electric shocking, lighttraps and dynamiting and grenading. Decline in fish diversity and conservation measures in the area have also been discussed.

10 illus, 35 ref

005341   Farooqi M K;Usmani M K (Zoology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: kaleemfarooqi891@gmail.com) : Checklist of tettigoniidae (Orthoptera : Tettigonoidea) from Uttar Pradesh state, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2016, 36(2), 149-54.

A survey of Tettigoniid fauna of Uttar Pradesh State, India was carried out during the period 2013 to 2015. The collected material includes thirteen species belonging to ten genera and four subfamilies. Twelve species, nine genera and two subfamilies are reported for the first time from this region.

2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

005340   Ehsanpour Z;Archangi B;Salimi M;Salari M A; Zolgharnein H (Faculty of Marine Biology, Marine Science and Oceanography Dep, Khorramshahr Univ of Marine Science and Technology, Khoramshahr, Khuzestan, Iran) : Morphological and molecular identification of Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva from Bostaneh port, Persian gulf. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(3), 405-9.

This study has been undertaken to investigate morphological and molecular identification of sea cucumber Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva geographically distributed in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. Specimens were collected from the intertidal zone of Bostaneh Port during 2013. Molecular genetic analysis was done to confirm the morphological identification and taxonomic status of species in phylogenetic trees. Results proved 100% identity of sea cucumber Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva with previously identified and submitted sequences in GenBank. This species shared a common cluster in phylogenetic tree. This is the first report of Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva from Bostaneh Port with both morphological and molecular details.

3 illus, 15 ref

005339   Dheeman S;Jain R;Yadav A S (Cytogenetics Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: rahurahu82@gmail.com) : Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in Mus musculus from Northern India. Ann Biol 2016, 32(2), 246-8.

The present study reported the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in male and female individuals of Mus musculus Linn, from Kurukshetra in the state of Haryana of northern region of India. C-bands were found to be located on the centromeric region with the exception of Y-chromosome which was found to be heterochromatic. The distribution of C-heterochroinatin, however, was not restricted to centromeres alone, in some chromosomes, interstitial and distal C-bands were also observed. In metaphase-II also C-bands of appreciable size were observed.

6 illus, 17 ref

005338   Chadha R;Razauddin M (Zoology Dep, M.G. College, Gaya-823 001) : Phosalone induced changes in haematological indices in Channa gachua (Ham.). Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 13-16.

Studies on the effect of phosalone (an organophosphate) on changes in haematological indices were made in a snake headed murrel fish, Channa gachua (Ham.). The mean values of Hb content, RBC count, Haemalocrit values, M.C.H.C. and Oxygen capacity in control group of fishes were 15.2±0.18 (g%), 2.86±0.11 (million cells/mm of blood), 23.8+1.18, 63.8 (%) and 19.0 (Vol%) respectively. Treatment of acute sub lethal dosage (8.0 ppm) of phosalone brought statistically significant decrease in most of the blood parameters except M. C.H. C. in experimental animals. The reason for such changes has been discussed in this paper.

1 table, 17 ref

005337   Borah B S;Nirmale V H;Metar S Y;Bhosale B P; Chogale N D;Pawar R A (College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri-415 629, Email: santoshmetar@gmail.com) : Biology of silverbelly, Phytopectoralis bindus (Val. 1835) along Ratnagiri coast. Fish Technol 2016, 53(2), 89-95.

Food and feeding habits, reproduction and size at first maturity of Photapectoralis bindus from Ratnagiri coast are described, based on commercial catches landed by trawls during 2013-2014. Copepods, diatoms and cladocera form important food of the species. The estimated length at first maturity is 93.5 mm. P. bindus is a fractional spawner and appears to release the ova in at least two spawning acts during the peak spawning season extending from October to December. High gonado-somatic indices correspond well with the peak spawning seasons and females always have higher values. The estimated fecundity ranged from 4377 to 10 449.

6 illus, 18 ref

005336   Bhoi S S;Patil M U;Patole S S (Zoology Dep, Uttamrao Patil Arts and Science College, Dahiwel, Email: bhoiss16@gmail.com) : Impact of 3/4<. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2016, 36(2), 155-60.

The present investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of Cypermethrin on haematological parameters in freshwater fish, Channa marulius (Ham. Buch) using standard methods. Fish were exposed to 3/4th sub lethal concentration i.e. 0.18 ppm for 96 h. The control and experimental fish were assayed for haematological parameters vi:. Total erythrocytes count (TEC), Total leucocytes count (TLC), Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The result revealed that, TEC, Hb% and PCV counts were significantly decreased. Whereas TLC, MCV and MCH was slightly increased and the MCHC count of experimental fish decreased. The study has, thus, indicated marked changes in blood of Channa marulius after exposure to Cypermethrin.

1 table, 22 ref

005335   Bharati S;Fatah M A (Zoology Dep, MG. College, Gaya-823 001) : Studies on changes in biochemical composition and calorific values in a fresh water major carp, Labeo calbasu (Ham.) in relation to body weight and sex. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 71-4.

Studies on changes in biochemical composition and calorific value (Kcal g) in relation to body weight and sex have been made in a fresh water Indian major carp, Labeo calbasu (Ham.). There is high statistical correlations between body weight (g) Vs. water, lipid, protein, ash content and calorific values in this fish. The males have lower protein content and calorific values as compared to females but the difference was statistically nonsignificant.

3 tables, 13 ref

005334   Amita M;Singh L B (NO, Jharkhand College, Dumri, Giridih) : Distribution and diversity of aquatic insects of freshwater ponds Viz. Pampoo talab and Bekarbandh talab of Dhanbad district in Jharkhand. Proc Zool Soc India 2016, 15(1), 59-65.

The diversity of insect fauna of two fresh water ponds of Dhanbad was represented by 60 species classified under 15 families and 9 orders.Among the insects collected from the freshwater pond, the order Coleoptera was diverse in number of genera(22). The order Ephemeroptera is represented in Bekarbandh Talab by the families Baetidae and Caenidae, which are considered as an indicator of water quality, of the 1 Smetrices selected, taxa richness, composition measures, tolerance and intolerance and Functional groups were also found out for both two study stations. In the present study, the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa richness and diversity remained high in station 1,Bekarbandh Talab and reduced drastically in station 2. PampooTalab.Pollution tolerant taxa such as Chironomidae.Tabanidae, Culicidae andAnophilinae were abundant in station 2 i.e Pampoo Talab. The result of the study reveals great diversity of aquatic insects in freshwater bodies of Dhanbad and suggest the possibility of using insects effectively forbiomonitoring programmes.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

005333   Ahlawat P;Shukla V (Zoology Dep, M. D. Univ, Rohtak-124 001, Email: promilla.ahlawat@gmail.com) : Effect of cadmium, lead and sulphur dioxide exposure individually and in combination on liver and kidney enzymes in albino rats. Ann Biol 2016, 32(2), 242-5.

The present study was aimed at investigating enzyme activities in liver and kidney of albino rats exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium, lead and sulphur dioxide individually and in combination. Significant increase in activities of Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Acid phosphatise (ACP) were observed in both liver and kidney enzymes. Impact of cadmium was higher than that of lead. More marked alterations were observed in kidney.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

004443   Tripathi P;Tiwari A;Singh S P;Agnihotri S (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: arifansari.mohd@gmail.com) : Bird diversity of Chuhiya forest, district Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2015, 6(3), 4304-16.

One hundred and twenty two species of birds belonging to 19 orders, 53 families and 101 genera were recorded at Chuhiya Forest, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India from all the three seasons. Out of these as per IUCN red list status 1 species is Critically Endangered, 3 each are Vulnerable and Near Threatened and rest are under Least concern category. Bird species, Gyps bengalensis, which is comes under Falconiformes order and Accipitridae family are critically endangered. The study area provide diverse habitat in the form of dense forest and agricultural land. Roseringed Parakeets, Alexandrine Parakeets, Common Babblers, Common Myna, Jungle Myna, Baya Weavers, House Sparrows, Paddyfield Pipit, White-throated Munia, White-bellied Drongo, House crows, Philippine Crows, Paddyfield Warbler etc. were prominent bird species of the study area, which are adapted to diversified habitat of Chuhiya Forest. Human impacts such as Installation of industrial units, cutting of trees, use of insecticides in agricultural practices are major threats to bird communities.

2 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

004442   Sunil Kumar;Chowdhary N;Aara R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun-248 001, Email: sunilkumarddn@yahoo.co.in) : Impact of temperature change and dissolved organic carbon on photoxicity of photosensitizer on Cyclops in doon valley. J Mount Res 2016, 11(Dec), 15-21.

Thus a study has been performed to investigate the adverse effect of UV-B on crustacean species due to climatic condition, cyclops were collected and cultured in laboratory. Solar and artificial UV radiation was given at two different temperatures to Cyclops in presence of retene photosensitizes Mortality, morphological, behavioral and physiological changes were recorded in presence of dissolved organic carbon also. Zooplanktons are negatively affected when exposed to high intensities of UV radiation, DOC reduces the oxidative stress caused by photosensitizers and decrease the mortality in Cyclops thus protect the acjuatic organisms from solar UV induced harmful radiation, it is observed that with the increase in temperature the body size of Cyclops reduces. Cyclops may avoid exposure to high levels of UV-B by staying in deep water layers or by undergoing diel vertical migration, behavioral avoidance, and by producing photoprotective compounds. Results indicate that climate change alter response to UV through temperature mediated effect on aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity.

1 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

004441   Sultana A;Hasan S;Raheman M;Al Mamun M (Zoology Dep, Jagannath Univ, Dhaka-1100, Email: afrozasultana82@gmail.com ) : Rainy season and physico-chemical properties of mosquito breeding habitats stimulate the prevalence of Aedes aegypti in old Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(2), 265-72.

The dengue vector Aedes aegypti, is ubiquitous throughout the tropical and temperate regions. Favorable climatic condition along with human activities and poor waste management make Old Dhaka city a harbor to this vector at an alarming rate. The objective was to investigate the seasonal larval variation and physico-chemical properties of breeding habitats to evaluate the potential determinants of this vector's prevalence. Sampling was carried out in each month from March to October 2014 during summer and rainy season from the three artificial habitats in three study sites. Dipping method was used to collect mosquito larvae. The physico-chemical characteristics of breeding water including Temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, and free Carbon Di Oxide were measured. In our study, the maximum larval occurrence was recorded in August and September during rainy season ranging of 5.7-17.2 and 9.6-17.9 respectively followed by a range of 0- 4.1during summer season. The factorial ANOVA revealed that larval density of different months was significantly (F=6.31; p=0.00) contributed to the seasonal variation regardless an insignificant effect of breeding habitats on the study sites (F=0.026; p=0.99). Among all the parameters, Dissolved Oxygen (2.6-7.2) was significantly affected the larval occurrence in the study sites. While, Total Dissolved Solids (74.2-530.5) in Bahadur Shah Park and both Total Dissolved Solids (77.3-596.7) and Conductivity (741.4-1658) in Ahsan Manzil had significant impact on the proliferation of larval occurrence. Free CO2 (14.8-33.3) and high pH (<62>7.0) might limit the larval density in Jagannath University. Therefore, the highest larval occurrence recorded in Ahshan Manzil followed by Bahadur Shah Park and Jagannath University. Despite significant larval fluctuation over months, the maximum prevalence of Aedes aegypti larvae occurred during rainy seasons, as most of the physicochemical parameters might remain optimum for the growth and survival of larvae. These findings might be helpful in implanting an effective vector control program.

2 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

004440   Sudesh Kumar;Bisht M S;Bhandarim S (Zoology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, BGR Campus Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand-246 001, Email: ksudesh75@gmail.com) : Record of species diversity and relative abudance of bird fauna in temperate forests of district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand. J Mount Res 2016, 11(Dec), 63-7.

The paper deals with species diversity and relative abundance of bird fauna in temperate forests of district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand India. The field survey was conducted at three different sites namely, Raansi, Khirsu and Adwani from April 2015 to March 2016. Line transect and point count methods were used to record the bird species diversity and abundance. During this study, a total of 70, 66 and 75 species of birds were-recorded at (Raansi, Khirsu and Adwani) respectively by line transect method and 64, 54 and 63 species were recorded by point count method. The birds diversity measured by Shannon wiener diversity index ranged from H =2.4296 to 3.2229 at Raansi, H'= 1.945 to 3.245 at Khirsu and H'= 2.1375 to 3, 1254 at Adwani by line transect method and H' = 2.2214 to 3.1766, H = 2.142 to 3.091 and H = 1.9572 to 3.0390 by point count. The rich abundance of birds was recorded at Khirsu with highest abundance of white throated laughing thrush (0.352), kalij pheasant (0.188), grey headed parakeet (0.137), fire capped tit (0.121), black lored tit (0.1), black headed jay (0.088) and blue whistling thrush (0.075), and birds recorded with lowest abundance were Himalayan blue tail (0.006), tickells leaf warbler (0.003), spot breasted scimitar babbler (0.003), wedge tailed green pigeon (0.002) and scaly bellied woodpecker (0.007).

4 tables, 16 ref

004439   Roy H (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao Univ of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, Email: royhetal@yahoo.com) : Biochemical effects of benzene on altered antioxidative defense mechanism in rat kidney. J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(1), 5541-5.

The study investigated the effects of benzene on renal dysfunction biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipidperoxidation in male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups as control, vehicle control (corn oil) and treated (low dose, 50mg/Kg body weight/day and high dose 100mg/Kg body weight/Day) and exposed with benzene via oral route for 90 days. Benzene caused significant increase in LPO and decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reduced. Treatment with benzene, led to elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. In addition, histological changes like renal tubular damage and vacuolar degeneration were found in the kidney of benzene treated group. Results show that 90 days of benzene exposure, induced oxidative damage, alter biochemical parameters and also change remarkable histoarchitecture of kidney tissue which trigger renal toxicity in male rat.

6 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

004438   Pandya S;Bhayani D M;Vyas Y L (Anatomy Dep, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural, Anand-388 001) : Morphology and morphometric study of mandible of asiatic (Panthera leo), Indian tiger (Panthera tigris) and common leopard (Panthera pardus). Indian J vet Sci Biotechnol 2016, 12(1), 18-23.

The morphology and morphometric study on mandibles of lion, tiger and leopard was carried out at Sakkarbaug Zoo, Junagadh (Gujarat). The mandible is formed by two symmetrical halves fused rostrally by symphysis. The alveolar border presented six alveoli for lower incisors and two large deep alveoli for canine teeth. The average length of mandible was 19.08, 17.40 and 13.54 cm in lion, tiger and leopard, with the corresponding average mandible weight of 0.338, 0.271, and 0.145 kg, respectively. However, the width of mandible was significantly more in lion (3.28 cm) than that of tiger (2.51 cm) and leopard (1.71 cm). The mandibular height up to condyle and coronoid process in lion, tiger and leopard was 4.17 and 9.24, 4.19 and 9.16, 3.04 and 7.14 cm, respectively. Both the heights were significantly higher in lion and tiger than those of leopard. The average length of symphysis-mandibularis was significantly higher in lion (6.58 cm) and tiger (6.68 cm) than leopard (4.47 cm). The mental foramina were three in tiger and two in lion and leopard, and they were deeper in lion and tiger than the leopard. The angular process was placed at caudal border of horizontal ramus and found blunt and medially curved in all three species.

6 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

004437   Manat T D;Chaudhary S S;Singh V K;Patel S B (Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry Dep, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Navsari, Navsari-396 450, Email: sandhyachaudhary6@gmail.com) : Hormone profile in surti goats during postpartum period. Indian J vet Sci Biotechnol 2016, 12(1), 14-7.

The present study was undertaken to investigate changes in serum hormonal profile of post partum Surti goats. 20 recently parturated (treatment) goats and 20 non pregnant (control group) goats. Blood samples were collected from treatment group on 0, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 45 day post kidding and once from control group. Serum samples were analyzed for Tri-lodothyronine (T₃) and Tetra-lodothyronine /Thyroxine (T₄), cortisol, progesterone (P₄) and estradiol, T₄ and P₄ were significantly low whereas cortisol and estradiol levels were significantly high on 0 day post partum. Onset of kidding was marked by increased cortisol and estrogen and decreased progesterone.

1 table, 7 ref

004436   Mahmoud D M;Abdou M A;Hosni E M;Rady M H (Entomology Dep, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ, Abbassya, Cairo, Egypt, Email: daliamohamad@rocketmail.com) : Synergistic effect of Allium sativum and Nigella sativa with Bacillus sphaericus against Culex pipiens larvae (Diptera : Culicidae). J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(1), 5351-8.

Bacillus sphaericus has a larvicidal activity towards Culex pipiens larvae. Development of resistance in certain populations of Culex sp. is the most common disadvantage of B. sphaericus application. During application, beside, B. sphaericus formulations suffering from long period of sun light and UV which turned them impotent. So, the present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus toxin, Allium sativum and Nigella sativa oil extracts solitary and in combination against Culex pipiens 3rd larval instar. Data revealed that, Bacillus sphaericus was the most potent insecticide recording LC₅₀ value as (0.25ppm.) followed by Allium sativum and Nigella sativa recording (0.45 and 2.46 ppm.), respectively. Addition of Allium sativum generally increased the toxic effect of Bacillus sphaericus, where LC₅₀ decreased from (0.25 ppm to 0.12 ppm). Addition of Nigella sativa to Bacillus sphaericus decreased the toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus by increasing its LC₅₀ from (0.01 ppm to 0.119ppm). The biochemical studies using (SDS-PA GE), revealed that there was an increase in number of protein bands due to treatment with (Bacillus sphaericus combined with Allium sativum and Bacillus sphaericus with Nigella sativa). These impressive results from combinations proved that when joint-action is considered, the application possibilities for vector control increase significantly.

1 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref

004435   Gohel P D;Dodia P P (Zoology Dep, Sir P.P. Institute of Science, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar Univ, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, Email: pruthvi.gohel@gmail.com) : Toxicity evaluation and behavioural studies of fresh water fish Labeo rohita exposed Tt cypermethrin (Synthetic pyrethroid). Int J Pharm Life Sci 2015, 6(2), 4256-9.

A short term definitive test by the static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of technical grade pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin (10% EC) on the fresh water teleost, Labeo rohita. Fishes were exposed to various concentration of cypermethrin for 96 hours and the percent mortality was recorded. The LC₅₀ value was found to be 0.06 μl/L and 1/10th of LC50 0.006 μl/L was selected as sub-lethal concentration (1, 5, 10, 15 days). L. rohita in toxic media exhibited erratic and darting movements with imbalanced swimming activity, which might be due to the malfunctioning of neurotransmitters followed by hyper and hypo opercular activity, loss of equilibrium and mucus secretion all over the body were observed.

2 tables, 12 ref

004434   Garhwal R (Zoology Dep, Hindu College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Alteration in erythrocyte count and erythrocyte size in Felis domesticus and Funambulus palmarum with reference to natural and artificial diet. J Mount Res 2016, 11(Dec), 55-61.

The paper deals with an experiment on the morphological variation which shows that when the animals (Felis domesticus, a carnivore and Funambulus palmarum, a herbivore) were fed with artificial diet that contains food preservatives and additives shows a significant (P <60> 0.05) increase in their erythrocyte size and a significant (P <60> 0.05) decrease in their erythrocyte count in the blood of both mammals under artificial diet in all three seasons (Summer, Rainy and Winter Seasons).

4 illus, 4 tables

004433   El-Mahasen M (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Minoufiya Univ, Shebin El-kom, Egypt, Email: magdaaboelmahasen@yahoo.com) : Histochemical study on the effects of spinosad on the larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae). J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(1), 5373-80.

The histochemical study of the sublethal concentrations ofspinosad (Tracer) an the polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids (RNA, DNA) content of themidgut, integument (body wall), fat cells, Malpighian tubules and the muscles of4th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis treated with 50 and 100 ppm ofspinosad were studied. The results showed that the tested bioinsecticide (spinosad) caused severe reduction in the potysaccarides, proteins and RNA content while DNA content was weakly affected after 72 hours of treatment.

3 illus, 41 ref

004432   El-Ghffar E A A (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt Univ, Khalifa El-Maamonst, Abbasiya sq., 11566, Cairo, Egypt, Email: eman_a@sci.asu.edu.eg) : Ameliorative effect of glabridin, a main component of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots in streptozotocin induced type 1 diabetes in male albino rats. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(4), 570-9.

Glabridin (component of Licorice), a major flavonoid of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae), is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. Also, it has been associated with a wide range of biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic and anti-osteoporotic. Here, we investigated the antidiabetic effects of oral treatment with glabridin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced in male albino rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes appeared after 1-3 days after STZ injection. The animals were randomly divided into6 groups (7 animals each) as follows; Group 1: Normal control group (negative control group); Group 2 & 3: glabridin-treated control groups (25&50 mg/kg body weight); Group 4:STZ diabetic group (positive control group); Group 5 & 6:glabridin treated diabetic groups(25&50 mg/kg body weight). In normal rats, no jjarmful effects were detected after orally administration of both doses of glabridin on all parameters measured. The anti-diabetic activity of glabridin (especially high dose) was mediated through significantly increased the body weight gain, enzymic/non-enzymic antioxidants and HDL-cholesterol, and significantly decreased relative organ weights, serum glucose, lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation (LPO), pro-inflammatory cytokine, liver and kidney functions. The present study indicated that the anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant activity of glabridin (especially high dose) may have beneficial effects against complications shown in STZ diabetic rats.

3 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

004431   Aloufi A;Eid E (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Tabuk Univ, KSA, Tabuk, Email: eha_jo@yahoo.com) : Zootherapy: a study from the Northwestern region of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(4), 561-9.

This paper provides an overview of the traditional uses of animal species and their derivatives in traditional folk medicine from Tabuk area located at the North western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Potential implications for conservation of species used are also discussed, as several species used in folk medicine are threatened for extinction. We conducted interviews with local communities, hunters and druggist to collect information on various species of animals or their derivatives used and the remedies prepared from them. Results showed that at least 22 taxonomic orders of animals (13 vertebrates and 9 invertebrates) are used for medicinal purposes. In addition, 28 categories of raw materials that formed the basis of traditional medicine were also prescribed for treating locally diagnosed aliments. This survey is important as it defines species of animals used in folk medicine, from a region which is insufficiently studied. Although the extent of traditional folk medicine is still in debate, but their conservation management should be addressed, as an indiscriminate use of these animal species may contribute in decrease of their populations, especially in case of carnivores.

4 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

003262   Vanjari R;Sirsat S (NO, Azim Premji Univ, Bangalore) : Wintering home range of the common stonechat bird, Saxicola torquata. Bionotes 2017, 19(1), 26-7.

8 ref

003261   Subburaj A;Francis T;Jayakumar N (Fisheries Biology and Resource Management Dep, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamilnadu Fisheries Univ, Thoothukudi-628 008, Email: jknap@rediffmail.com) : Effects of acute exposures to copper on gill, liver and kidney tissues of goldfish (Carassius auratus). J expl Zool 2016, 19(1), 1279-84.

The aims of the present study were to determine the 96 h LC₅₀ value of copper (Cu) to the Goldfish, Carassius auratus and to assess the acute toxic effects of Cu on the histology of gill, liver and kidney tissues of goldfish. The mean 96 h LC₅₀ value of copper was found to be 0.558 mg/L. The histological changes such as shrinkage of blood vessels, lamellar fusion, breakdown of epithelial cells, hyperplasia, and vacuolation were observed in the gill of the Cu treated fish. Dilation of sinusoid, hemorrhage in liver sinuses, degenerated nucleus, increased size of kupffer and pycnotic cells, cellular necrosis, hyperplasia, vacuolation and melanomacrophages were observed in the liver of Cu treated fish. Increased peritubular and periglomerular spaces, blood congestion, fat deposition, rupture of Bowman's capsule and vacuolation were observed in the kidney of Cu treated fish. The above results demonstrated that Cu is toxic to C. auratus under acute exposure.

2 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

003260   Singla R B (Zoology Dep, S.D. College, Barnala, Punjab) : Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of scale of freshwater exotic fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella exposed to organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(1), 5-9.

The effect of pesticide on scales Ctenopharyngodon idella has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. The test fish was exposed to different sublethal concentrations (0.0007mg/L and 0.001mg/L) of organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan for 15, 30 and 45 days. The scales of exposed fish showed significant alterations such as damaged radii, broken circuli, structural loss in the focal region, broken, uprooted lepidonts/tubercles and even their sloughing off in rows from their point of attachment to the circuli. The intensity of damage to scale was found to be dose and exposure period dependent. It can thus be suggested that this noninvasive technique is very helpful for evaluating the health status of an aquatic body and could be incorporated into water monitoring surveillance.

4 illus, 30 ref

003259   Singh P R (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Food and feeding habit of Labeo calbasu (HAM.) from the river Gomti at Sultanpur, U.P.. J nat Resour Dev 2016, 11(1), 21-4.

Labeo calbasu, the black rohu is an important fish species commonly found in the river Ganga and its tributaries. In comparison to popular Indian major carps the calbasu is hardy fish species and inhabiting in a variety of aquatic habitats. The fish fed mainly on decomposed animal and plant materials found in the riverine bed. Diatoms were recorded in the gut content throughout the year. A variety of algae were also recorded. Higher percentage of sand and mud in the gut content and fringed mouth showed the bottom feeding habit of the fish. Gastro-somatic index values were recorded higher during winter months and the minimum values were recorded during monsoon months. The fish species is euryphagous in nature and fed on wide variety of good substances.

2 tables, 16 ref

003258   Singh B N;Banerjee P (Genetics Lab, Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: bnsinghbhu@gmail.com) : Population genetical, behavioural and evolutionary studies in the Drosophila bipetinata speceis complex. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(1), 99-115.

Comparison of population dynamics with regard to chromosomal arrangements, protein and nucleotide polymorphism among closely related species can provide invaluable glimpses into the intricacies of speciation. In addition, recently diverged closely related species may also exhibit behavioural differences especially sexual behaviour which can be compared across the species and eventually may aid in understanding the process of speciation. To get the finer details of the so called 'speciation genes', evolutionary studies pertaining to hybrid incompatibilities are required. This involves detailed mapping of the speciation genes through introgression of a candidate gene from one species into the genetic background of another species. Evolutionary studies also include studies on the degree and pattern of sexual isolation among closely related species. The Drosophila bipectinata species complex comprises four species namely, D. bipectinata, D. parabipectinata, D. malerkotliana and D. pseudoananassae. In three members of this complex i.e. D. bipectinata, D. malerkotliana and D. pseudoananassae, subspecies have been identified. This complex with its species and their subspecies is a good model for speciation studies and has been extensively utilized for the purpose. This review attempts to compile all the important population genetical, behavioural and evolutionary studies that have been done in this complex so far. Eventually, we have also discussed what is still left to be done and the prospects of this complex being used in future to get answers relating to speciation.

2 illus, 106 ref

003257   Sekhon B K;Sood R;Pathania P C (Zoology Dep, GNGC Model Town, Ludhiana-141 002, Email: pathaniapc@yahoo.co.in) : Studies on external genitalic characters of two Indian species of genus Anomis hubner (noctuidae: lepidoptera) from Himachal Pradesh. J Insect Sci 2016, 29(1), 200-2.

The present paper deal with the study of external male and female genitalic organs of two species belongs to genus Anomis Hubner referable to subfamily Catocalinae of family Noctuidae. Besides this the details on their mouth parts, antennae, legs, wing venation and others taxonomic important charters are highlighted.

2 illus, 8 ref

003256   Rama R;Pal A K;Dalvi R S;Rani M V;Usha (Environmental Sciences Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046, Email: lprkrama@gmail.com) : Temperature and sub-lethal chlorine mediated alterations in acetylcholine esterase activity and histology in Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Adv appl Res 2016, 8(1), 28-33.

The present laboratory study was conducted to assess the combined effect of increasing temperatures (26, 31,33 and 36°C) and a sub lethal chlorine concentration (0.1 mg L"1) on the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and histology of brain and muscle in Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to increasing temperatures only (control group) and in combination to chlorine (test group) for 30 days. The AChE activity significantly decreased in the brain and muscle with increasing temperatures in the test group as compared to the control group. Histopathological changes such as vacuolization, gliosis and aggregation of glial cells were observed in the brain tissue with increasing temperatures in the test group and at elevated temerpature in the control group. No histological changes were noticed in the muscle tissues. Overall results indicate that increasing temperatures augment the effects of sub-lethal chlorine in Z,. rohita.

003255   Lalita;Vishan Kumar;Singh S (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Estimation of LC₅₀ of monocrotophos in the fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.). Bionotes 2017, 19(1), 33.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

003254   Kulkarni R S;Pruthviraj C B (Studies in Zoology Dep, Gulbarga Univ, Kalaburagi, Karnataka) : Plasma catecholamines levels in two types of fresh water carp fishes, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala collected in wild from an aquatic body near Kalaburagi situated in the deccan plateau of India. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(1), 10-12.

Plasma norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) in two types of fresh water carp fishes cultured in an aquatic body and collected in wild was measured by applying enzyme immune assay (ELISA) method in a small volume of plasma to assess the stress response. The mean values obtained for plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were higher and found to be 334.9 pg/mL and 42.6 pg/mL respectively for Labeo rohita and similarly 386.3 pg/mL (norepinephrine) and 27.8 pg/mL (epinephrine) for the fish, Cirrhimis mrigala. The values were compared with calecholamine levels in other fish species. The results indicated that norepinephrine is predominant catecholamine than epinephrine in both the fishes. The higher level of these catecholamines indicated that the fishes are in stress condition may be because of problem with capture and transportation method.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

003253   Kocher D K;Jamwal S (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: dkocher2002@pau.edu) : Predatory potential of cyclopoid copepods: a biological approach for control of mosquito larvae. J Insect Sci 2016, 29(1), 216-23.

Copefiods are tiny crustaceans that thrive abundantly in most aquatic habitats and utilize a wide spectrum of potential food items including algae, ciliates, rotifers, cladocerans and mosquito larvae. Three orders of copepods dominant in freshwater are; Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticopida. Among these, large sized cyclopoids (<62> 1.2 mm body size) like Mesocyclops, Macrocyclops and Cyclops are known to feed voraciously on first instar mosquito larvae. About 10 per cent of mosquito breeding habitats contain natural population of cyclopoids which can drastically reduce the population of mosquito larvae. For the first time local eradication of Aedes mosquitoes without pesticides was documented in Vietnam, where it was accomplished by the use of Mesocyclops along with well organized community level network. This success motivated the researchers worldwide to work on these lines and today at least nine species of cyclopoid copepods are being used as predators of mosquito larvae. An additional advantage of cyclopoids over other aquatic predators is that they are wasteful killers with the capacity to kill 30-40 first instar larvae/copepod/day, which is more than they actually ingest. Introduction of right copepod species to a right habitat at right time can eliminate mosquitoes. Thus, matching copepods to appropriate mosquito breeding habitat is one of the key to use them effectively.

2 illus, 50 ref

003252   Khadse T A;Gadhikar Y A (Zoology Dep, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, Maharashtra) : Histological and ultrastructural study of intestine of Asiatic knife fish, Notopterus notopterus. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(1), 18-22.

The purpose of the present study was to study the histological and ultrastructural description of the intestine of the teleost fish Nolopterus notopterus. Knowledge about morphology, histology and ultrastructural studies is essential for deeper understanding of the physiology and pathology of fish intestine. The intestinal morphology of the fish can be influenced by feeding habits. Notopterus notopterus, a carnivorous fish, shows typical intestinal morphology. Interestingly the intestine of the fish is very short. Histologically, the intestinal wall of the investigated species comprised of mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis and serosa. Stratum compactum and stratum granulosum layers found in the sub mucosa. Numerous villi lined with simple columnar epithelium along with absorptive cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells were observed which were numerous in the proximal region of intestine as compared to distal region of intestine of N. notopterus. Eosinophilic granular cells (paneth cell) which show a protective role in fish immunity were observed in the mucosa, sub-mucosa and lamina propria of intestine. Ultrastructural studies of intestine showed the presence of enterocytes with regular microvilli, junctional complex, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, microfilarnents and polymorphic mitochondria.

19 illus, 29 ref

003251   Kaur M;Sehgal G K (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Seasonal alteration in the muscle lipid fatty acid profiles of cultured Chinese carp species. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(1), 38-41.

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) represent approximately. 20% of brain dry matter and its deficit is critical for development and its function. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5w3) and docosahexaenoic acid-(DHA, 22:6w3) are the important omega-3 PUFAs. The Arachidonic acid (AA 20:4 w-6) and DHA are of special importance in the brain and blood vessels, and are considered essential for pre and post natal brain and retinal development. The present study was, therefore conducted to know the muscles lipid fatty asid content (MTLC) and fatty acid profiles of three carp species, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus), Ctenopharyngodon idella (Steindachner) and Hypophlhalmichthys molitrix (Richardson). The MTLC varied from 1.10±0.02% in C. idella during spring to 3.03±0.05% in C. carpio during winter season. The total PUFAs content is maximum in H. molitrix in spring and minimum in C. idella in winter. The n-3/n-6 ratio was obtained in C. idella (5.36±0.63) during spring and minimum (0.49±0.16) in C. carpio during winter.

4 tables, 17 ref

003250   Kaliraj P;Vimal P;Marimuthu G (Animal Behaviour and Physiology Dep, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai-625 021, Email: emailboxgm@gmail.com) : Influence of wing loading on the selection of prey size in the India false vampire bat Megaderma lyra. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(1), 131-4.

Authors studied wing loading of adult male (n=6) and female (n=5) of the Indian false vampire bat Megaderma lyra under seminatural conditions in an outdoor enclosure. Before releasing the bats into the enclosure, we measured their body mass, forearm length, wing area and wingspan. They were fed with frogs of four different categories of body lengths such as A = 3.0-3.5, B = 4.0-4.5, C = 5.0-5.5 and D = 6.0-6.5 cm. Bats were able to capture frogs A - C and carry them to roosts, that were at a height of 260 cm from the ground. However, when they captured frogs of the size D, most of the times they dropped the latter either after reaching the roost or even while carrying them. Alternatively, the bats carried the frogs (size D) but landed at a place (n = 30) closer to the ground and began consuming the prey. In general, greater the size of frogs, higher the wing loading of bats.

3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref