020639   Tyor A;Pahwa K;Kaur S (Fish and Fisheries Lab, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Histopathological effects of paper mill effluent in the kidney of freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Ham.). J Inld Fish Soc India 2016, 48(1), 14-20.

The present study was conducted to assess the histopathological changes induced in the kidney of freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) exposed to different levels of paper mill effluent (PME) i.e. 10%, 15% and 25%; and a group of fish without exposure to effluent which served as control. Heavy metal analysis of the effluent was done by Perkin-Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GBC 932A). The parallel use of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy depicted various histopathological degenerative changes in the kidney exposed to different concentrations of PME viz. renal tubule degeneration, narrowing of tubular lumen, degeneration and shrinkage of glomerulus, change in shape of nucleus, rupture of nuclear membrane, condensation of chromatin material, fragmentation and blebbing of nuclear material, change in shape of mitochondria, degeneration of mitochondrial cristae, degeneration of mitochondrial membrane, occurrence of pleomorphic mitochondria, occlusion of tubular lumen and cytoplasmic vacuolization.

5 illus, 21 ref

020638   Turkmen A;Tepe Y;Turkmen M (Chemistry Dep, Giresun Univ, Faculty of Science and Arts, 28200, Giresun, Turkey, Email: yalcintepe@hotmail.com) : Determination of metals in tissues of fish species from Hurmabogazi lagoon. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(2), 277-82.

Heavy metal concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn in muscles, livers, gonads and gills of flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus Linneaus, 1758), leaping mullet (Liza saliens Risso, 1810), gilthead seabream (Spams aurata Linneaus, 1758), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linneaus, 1758) and thicklip grey mullet (Chelon labrosus Risso, 1827) from Hurmabogazi Lagoon were monitored. Heavy metal concentrations found in tissues varied for Cd- (0.11-0.25), Co- (0.02-0.22), Cr- (0.27-0.84), Cu- (0.51-15.8), Fe- (31.9-137.0), Mn-(0.42-4.97), Ni- (0.18-4.39), Pb- (0.28-1.57) and Zn- (4.41-61.7) mg kg^-1 wet weight. The values of all metals in muscles of analyzed fish in the present study stayed below the established limit values. Consequently, it might be concluded that these metals in the edible parts of the examined species should not pose any public health problems.

1 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

020637   Tudu P C;Mohapatra A (Marine Aquairum and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Foreshore Road, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal-721 428, Email: tuduprasad@gmail.com) : First record of cardiid cockles Fulvia nienkeae ter poorten, 2012 (Mollusca: Veneroida: Cardiidae) from Indian waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(1), 145-6.

A first record of Fulvia nienkeae ter Poorten, 2012 from Indian waters at Vishakhapatnam harbour is reported and its range was extended within Central Indo-Pacific to Bay of Bengal. Counting the present record, the total number of species of the genus Fulvia Gray, 1853 from India is raised to 4. The newly reported species was compared with another morphological close species, Fulvia australis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1834).

2 illus, 6 ref

020636   Tenjing S Y;Thippeswamy S;Narasimhaiah N (Bioscience Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalagangothri-574 199, Email: yambemetenjing@gmail.com) : First study on growth, mortality and survivorship of the eared horse mussel, Modiolus auriculatus (Krauss, 1848) from India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(2), 323-32.

Present study is the population dynamics of the eared horse mussel, Modiolus auriculatus carried out from a rocky intertidal beach located in Byndoor beach along Karnataka coast, south west coast of India. M. auriculatus were collected from June 2010 to May 2011 for length-frequency distribution analysis. A total of 1205 mussels ranging in size from 2.64 to 25.91 mm were measured. Asymptotic length (L_∞) of the von Bertalanffy growth function was 27.77 mm and the growth coefficient (K) was 0.62 year^-1. The value of t₀ for M. auriculatus was -0.267 year in the present study. Growth performance index (φ') was 2.68. Average growth rates of 4 years were 1.26 mm, 0.49 mm, 0.26 mm and 0.14 mm in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years of age, respectively. The life span of this species was 4.1 years based in our study. The total mortality (Z) was calculated as 2.31 year^-1. Two major peaks of monthly mortality rate were found in August (4.6586, primary) and January (2.9402, secondary). The values of survival level ranged from 0.3651 (August) to 0.9330 (March). The shape of the survivorship curve is sigmoidal in the study.

7 illus, 2 tables, 55 ref

020635   Seema Kumar;Sanjeev Kumar (NO, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: dr.kumarsanjeev@gmail.com) : Diversity of Myllocerus species (Coleoptera : curculionidae) associated with Prosopis juliflora. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 393-6.

The present paper records Prosopis juliflora as a new host for ten Myllocerus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the first time.

33 ref

020634   Sarkar I;Basu A;Roy S (Post Graduate Zoology Dep, Vidyasagar College, 39 Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, West Bengal-700 006) : Chromosome analysis of two freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium lamarrei lamarrei (H. Milne edwards, 1837) and Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson, 1893). J Inld Fish Soc India 2016, 48(1), 102-6.

4 illus, 29 ref

020633   Sankar R K;Immanuel T;Goutham Bharathi M P; Roy S D (Fisheries Science Div, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Post Box No. 181, Garacharma(Post), Port Blair-744 101, Email: rkirubasankar@gmail.com) : Additions to the opisthobranch fauna of Nicobar group of islands, India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(2), 319-22.

Opisthobranchia (Phylum: Mollusca) are one of the least studied groups in India, and very little is known from remotely located islands like Nicobar. Recent marine faunistic surveys conducted at Nicobar Group of Islands in the intertidal and subtidal zones revealed the presence of four opisthobranchs viz. Phanerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828), Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855), Phyllidiopsis krempfi Pruvot-Fol, 1957 and Herviella mietta Marcus & Burch, 1965 which are herein reported as new distributional records to Nicobar group of Islands and morphological descriptions of all the four reported species are enumerated.

2 illus, 17 ref

020632   Ray D;Mohapatra A (Marine Aquairum & Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Digha-721 428, Email: anil2k7@gmail.com) : First report of the snake Eekl Neenchelys cheni (Chen and Weng, 1967) (Anguilliformes: Ophichthiadae: Myrophinae) from Indian waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(2), 310-2.

This paper reports the first occurrence of Neenchelys cheni (Chen and Weng, 1967) from Indian waters. The only species of the genus previously reported from the Indian coast, Neenchelys buitendijki Weber and de Beaufort, 1916 differs from N. cheni in its dorsal fin origin (well before anal opening) and other characters discussed in this paper.

2 illus, 5 ref

020631   Rahangdale S;Chakraborty S K;Jaiswar A K; Shenoy L;Raje S G (Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61, Email: shikharahangdalecife@gmail.com) : Preliminary study on growth and mortality of Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) from Mumbai waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(2), 290-5.

Investigation on growth and mortality of Escualosa thoracata reported in the present literature is based on the length frequency data collected from April 2013 to March 2014. Asymptotic length (Loo), growth coefficient (K) and t₀ were estimated as 119.6 mm, 1.85 year^-1 and -0.000095 year respectively. VBGF plot indicated that the fish reaches 72.17 and 100.79 mm at the end of 6 and 12 months respectively. The phi- prime value was obtained as 2.423. Total, natural and fishing mortality coefficient was estimated as 7.809 year^-1, 3.45 year^-1 and 4.35 year^-1 respectively. The exploitation rate (U) and exploitation ratio (E) were estimated as 0.556 and 0.557 yearr^-1 respectively.

7 illus, 32 ref

020630   Prabha;Chadha P (Zoology Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar, Punjab, Email: poojachandha77@yahoo.co.in) : Risk assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides among pesticides distributors of Punjab (India) using single cell gel electrophoresis. Int J Hum Genet 2015, 15(3), 149-55.

Punjab being the major state of India that utilizes pesticides comprises different populations, which are directly or indirectly exposed to the pesticides, mainly the pesticides manufacturers, formulators and distributors. Amongst these pesticide distributors are least affected considered despite their continuous exposure to them. The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of genotoxic effects in pesticide distributors from three cities in Punjab. The methods used included Comet Assay to assess DNA damage. The results showed that a significant increase in the frequency of DNA damage was found. An increasing trend in genetic damage was observed between the workers with increasing years of exposure as revealed by an ANOVA test. Similarly, the effect of other confounding factors such as age, diet and alcohol drinking habits were also studied. Conclusively, the use of protective measures and other safety regulations is emphasized among the pesticide distributors to prevent further exposure to this group.

2 illus, 3 tables, 54 ref

020629   Poriya P;Vakani B;Kundu R (Biosciences Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot-360 005, Email: rahulkundu@sauuni.ernet.in) : First record and colour banding pattern of Cellana karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda: Ncellidae) from Gujarat coast, India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(1), 161-6.

The communication reports the first record of a limpet species Cellana karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) from Western Indian coast which was previously identified as Cellana radiata (Born, 1778). The species was initially presumed as Cellana radiata as reported earlier by many authors. The results of the DNA barcoding pointed out that it is 99 % identical with Cellana karachiensis, and not C. radiata. C. karachiensis is till date reported only from Gulf of Oman and thus, this study reports the first record of Cellana karachiensis (Mollusca: Nacellidae) from Veraval coast, Gujarat State, India. Three different color banding patterns were observed in this animal. There was a little variation found in DNA barcoding as Type X match up to 99.69 %, Type Y and Type Z match up to 99.54 % with previously submitted DNA sequences of C. Karachiensis. We initially proposing these as three distinct subtypes (X, Y and Z) of the genus Cellana and species karachiensis, till further evidences arises as being same or different species.

1 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref

020628   Moghal M M;Pradhan V;Mohsin M;Farooqui M (Dept of Zoology Dep, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Syrinx comlexity: correlation with birds calls. J advd scient Res 2015, 6(3), 25-29.

Ornithologists are very interested in identification and characterization of bird calls. Birds produce calls to convey information about food, announce the presence of a predator, identify family members, declare territorial boundaries etc. We studied sounds produced by different birds like White-breasted waterhen, White cheeked barbet, Ruddy shelduck etc. to characterize the bird calls using the prominent frequencies that are produced. The bird calls are qualitatively different for different birds and can clearly be identified in most of the cases. Comparison of sound produced by selected birds is implemented using the frequency distribution of sound. The frequency spectrum of sound is obtained using Fourier Transform technique implementing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) employing standard mathematical software Mathcad.

10 illus, 16 ref

020627   Loghmani M;Savari A;Doustshenas B;Archangi B; Kabiri K (Marine Biology Dep, Chabahar Maritime Univ, Chabahar, Iran, Email: loghmani_mehran@yahoo.com) : First record of Sternaspis thorsoni (Polychaeta: Sternaspidae) from Northern oman sea (Chabahar Bay, Iran). Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(1), 117-22.

In this study report of Sternaspis thorsoni from Iranian coasts of northern Oman Sea was undertaken. Sternaspid polychaetes are usually found at different depths of marine habitats ranging from soft bottoms of coastal waters to deep-sea areas. Sternaspis thorsoni was identified as a new species by Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo in 2013.. Sternaspis thorsoni was observed between 3m and 5.5m depths of Chabahar bay during March 2014. Previous record refers this species in the Persian Gulf from 3 to 110m depth.

3 illus, 12 ref

020626   Kataria S K;Shefali (Zoology Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak, Haryana-124 001, Email: kataria551@gmail.com) : Reproductive histological alterations induced due to malathion exposure in female albino mice. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 397-9.

The state of Haryana is an agrarian state which is adjacent to National Capital Territory, New Delhi and is also known as rice bowl of the country to meet food requirement. Further to enhance food production pesticides are inevitably used and may results in exposure to non target organisms including human beings. Malathion is an organophosphorus insecticide widely used in public health, residential, and agricultural practices. In present study, we investigated the histological alterations caused by orally administered dose of Malathion (761.5mg/kg b.w. which is 50% of LD₅₀), Cyclophosphamide (40mg/kg of b.w.) and distilled water. Malathion and Cyclophosphamide exposure results in loss of primordial and primary follicles degenerated ovarian tissue, albuminous fluid in graafian follicle and change in corpus luteum as compared to negative control which reveals the toxic effects of drug. So it should be used with prescribed precautions in the interest of healthy sustenance of generations of non target organisms.

3 illus, 26 ref

020625   JeanJose J;Alex L;Lipton A P;Chandran A (Zoology Dep, St. Gregorios College, Kottarakkara-691 521, Email: jeanlincy@gmail.com) : Development stages observed during experimental culture of the egg bearing cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis (Claus, 1866). Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(2), 333-7.

Experimental culture of the marine cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis were made to assess their different developmental stages and developmental time in laboratory conditions. Cost-effective techniques for breeding, growth, development of O. similis and relevant micro algal feed production were ascertained by suitable experiments. The results revealed that the span of life cycle stages of O. similis after fertilization lasted for 23 days. The life cycle had five naupliar stages such as: N₁ - 1st day; N₂- 3rd day; N₃ - 5th day; N₄ - 8th day and N₅ - 10th day. The naupliar stage was followed by six copepodid stages (C₁ - 12lh day; C₂ - 14th day; C₃ - 16th day; C₄ - 19th day; C₅ - 21st day; C₆ - 23rd day) and a single pre-adult stage in the laboratory conditions. Maximum survival of 30% copepodids was attained during 23 days of rearing in culture flasks of H capacity provided with micro algal diet size <60>μ.

1 table, 24 ref

020624   Gupta R K;Sharma G;Girish Kumar P (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: beesind@gmail.com) : Description of Braunsapis chandrai, a new species of genus Braunsapis michener (Hymenoptera, apoidea, apidae: xylocopinae: allodapini) from Sunderbans in West Bengal, India. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 373-5.

Braunsapis chandraia new species of genus Braunsapis Michener (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Xylocopinae: Allodapini), collected from the Sunderbans (West Bengal), India has been described. There are ninety six species of this genus known from all over World as on today. Out of which twenty one species were described from oriental region. The description of new species follows its comparison with many related species of the genus.

6 illus, 3 ref

020623   Grover B S;Chhabra A (Zoology Dep, M.D. (PG) College, Sriganganagar-335 001, Email: bhavaniitian@gmail.com) : Effect of juglone on Candida albicans growtho and biofilm formation. J mycopathol Res 2016, 54(3), 391-6.

This study demonstrates the potential of juglone against the planktonic and sessile cells of Candida albicans. Serial microdilution, disk diffusion and time kill assay were performed to estimate the antimicrobial effect of juglone in planktonic cells. Concentration of 160μg/ml and above showed a promising antimicrobial effect. Further effect of juglone was tested against the Candida biofilm using XTT reduction, AFM, confocal analysis, and SEM techniques. Various tests performed on planktonic and sessile biofilm cells gave a clear idea of antibiofilm potential of juglone against the C. albicans. Present investigation provides substantial evidences for the efficacy of juglone; hence juglone can be a molecule of choice for the prevention of Candida infection.

4 illus, 23 ref

020622   Golandaj A;Swain S;Mogalekar H S (School of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kerala Univ of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi-682 506, Email: mogalekar.hs10@gmail.com) : Colour enhancement of sword tail [Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel, 1848)] by using feed formulated with selected ornamental flowers. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 283-8.

The present study (90 days) was conducted to evaluate the colour enhancement of Xiphophorus helleri by using feed formulated with selected ornamental flowers. Completely randomized design was employed for the study. Dried petal meal of the three chosen ornamental sources was incorporated in the test diets at 5% each. The test diets were designated as T1, T2 and T3 respectively. A basal feed without carotenoid served as the control (T0). Ten larvae of sword tail were stocked in each tank. Each diet was fed to fish in a set of three tanks each. Growth response as well as water quality parameters were monitored at fortnightly intervals. The growth response was the highest in marigold supplemented diets followed by ixora and hibiscus supplemented diets. The colour enhancement was assessed by colorimetry as well as by employing computer assisted approach, employing Adobe Photoshopr Version 7. On termination of the study, the growth data was statistically analysed using two way analysis of variance. Fish fed all the three test diets showed significantly different growth response from the control fish. Significant enhancement in colour development was observed in fish fed all three test diets. The intensity of colour development was highest in T1 treatment followed by T2 and T3. Fish fed the control diet showed the least colour intensity. The three flower meals assessed are cheap, easily available and involve only marginal additional cost. This approach is easily adoptable at the farmer level and moreover, does not involve any adverse effects. Further studies are required on the optimum level of inclusion of the carotenoid sources in the diets.

7 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

020621   Dinesh Kumar;Ruhela S (NO, Shri Venkateshwara Univ, Gujraula, Uttar Pradesh) : Haematologicakl profile of Channa punctatus (Bloch) exposed to atrazine (Herbicide). J nat Resour Dev 2015, 10(1), 19-24.

The present investigation includes haematological responses such as TEC, Hb, TLC, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels after 15, 30 and 45 days of post-treatment. The haematological parameters such as TEC, Hb and PCV values were decrease in all the intervals. The TLC and MCV values increase significantly after the dose of treatment in all the cases. The MCH value increase after 15 and 30 days, except 45 days this value was observed to be decrease. The MCHC value decrease after 15 and 45 days of PT except 30 days this value was observed to be slightly increased. The treated fish show restlessness and reflecting respiration. The haematological manifestation of the treated fish Channa punctatus is suggestive of anemia.

7 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

020620   Dalakoti N;Kaushal B R (Zoology Dep, DSB Campus, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, Uttarakhand-263 002, Email: nirupamadalakoti@gmail.com) : Effect of earthworm Metaphire posthuma (megascolecidae) in nutrient dynamics and growth of crop. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 297-99.

Effect of earthworm, Metaphire posthuma on nutrient dynamics and plant growth was studied in the laboratory. Two treatments were applied: "a control treatment" without earthworms and "an earthworm + soil treatment" were selected for wheat and maize crop with five individuals of M. posthuma. The experiment was run in five replicates in earthen pots filled with 2 kg of wet field soil. Significant variation in the nutrient status between treatments (with worms) and control (Devoid of worms) was recorded. The average root length and average shoot length (in cm) of wheat plants in "soil + earthworm" habitat showed an increase of 44% and 12%, respectively compared to root and shoot of control pot. Similarly, the average root length and average shoot length (in cm) of maize plants in "soil + earthworm" habitat showed an increase of 42% and 27%, respectively compared to root and shoot length measured from control pot. The weight and length of wheat pod and maize fruit also showed an increase compared to control experiment. This experiment evidently proves that the plant growth is significantly affected by introduction of earthworms.

2 tables, 16 ref

020619   Chauhan D K;Singh A (Zoology Dep, CCS Univ, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Haematological changes in primary and secondary immune responses in experimental ascaridiasis. J nat Resour Dev 2015, 10(1), 62-71.

In present studies changes in haematological parameters during primary and secondary immune responses were studies. Experimental design consisted of Group - A for control (non-infected group) and Group - B (B+B1) consisted of chicks for studying immune responsed. The control group chicks were dissected on 11th, 14'", 26th, 29th days and the second Group B, 20 chicks used for primary response were given dose of 250 embryonated eggs and dissected 8 chicks on the 11th and 14th days. Remaining chicks were used for secondary immune responses. 250 embryonated eggs after 13 days of primary infection were given to B₁ chicks were autopcised on 26th and 29th days. The Erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and PCV were decreased. The lymphocyte and leucocyte counts were increased in both experimental groups. Monocytes and neutrophils were decreased while eosinophiles and basophiles were increased in all in experimental groups. Immune responses to antigens may be categorised as primary or secondary responses. The primary immune response of the body to antigen occurs on the first occasion it is encountered. Depending on the nature of the antigen and the site of entry this response can take up to 14 days to resolve. In present studies, in comparison primary immune response, the monocytes, basophils, neutrophils cells and lymphocytes showed increased value in secondary immune responses.

1 table, 11 ref

020618   Chauhan D K;Mamta;Lal S S (Immunotoxicology Lab, Zoology Dep, C.C.S. Univ, Meerut-250 004) : Immunopathological effects of Ascaridia galli infection on spleen by chicks induced by albendazole treatment. J nat Resour Dev 2015, 10(1), 1-6.

Newly hatched W.L.H. chicks were infected with Ascaridia galli eggs low dose (500 eggs) and high dose (1500 eggs) and subsequently treated with albendazole (anthelmintic drug). After 15 and 30 days of post infection and treatment spleen showed various pathological changes. With low dose of infection the capsular was ruptured at various places and white pulp showed inflammatory edema and presence of secondary nodules. The high dose of infection caused separation of inner capsular wall with inflammatory and non inflammatory edema. Sinusvenosus showed fymphoid hyperplasia.

9 illus, 8 ref

020617   Canciyal J;Mogalekar H S;Jawahar P (Fisheries Biology and Resource Management Dep, Fisheries College & Research Institute, Thoothukudi-628 008, Email: canciyal.johnson@gmail.com ) : Assessment of seaweed diversity at hare island along the south east coast of India. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 305-9.

Seaweed diversity assessment at Hare Island in the Gulf of Mannar revealed presence of 99 seaweed species belonging to 15 order, 24 family and 42 genera during May 2014 to April 2015. Recorded species during present study belonged to 3 phylum. Rhodophyceae was dominant seaweed phylum with 35 species belonging to 7 order, 12 family and 20 genera followed by Chlorophyceae (33 species belonging to 4 order, 8 family and 11 genera) and Phaeophyceae (31 species belonging to 4 order, 4 family and 11 genera). Seasonal variability in various diversity indices were calculated by using PRIMER v6 software. The calculated value of biodiversity indices showed healthy nature of seaweed ecosystem at Hare Island.

2 tables, 10 ref

020616   Ansari K G M T;Lyla P S;Khan S A (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: ansari.cas@gmail.com) : New distributional records of free-living marine nematodes from Indian waters II. Monhysterids. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(2), 342-51.

Monhysterids were found to be the second most dominant order among the free-living marine nematodes which were collected from the continental shelf region of southeast coast of India during FORV "Sagar Sampada " Cruise no. 260 consisting 63 out of 192 species. Among these nine species such as Thalassomonhystera venusta, Cobbia trefusiaeformis, Theristus ensifer, T. longus, Sphaerolaimus balticus, S. gracilis, Astomonema southwardorum, Siphonolaimus cobbi and Araeolaimus elegans were found to be new distributional records for the Indian waters.

9 illus, 40 ref

020615   Anita;Dubey M K;Khati A;Kanyal P (Aquaculture Dep, College of Fisheries, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, Email: anitatamta20@gmail.com) : Study of haematological profile of Labeo rohita (Rohu) fed with Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) as neutraceutical. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 319-22.

Present experiment was designed to study the effect of Tinospora cordifolia stem powder on haematology of Labeo rohita for examination of immunological parameters. Fingerlings weighing average weight of about 15+0.2 were selected and kept in FRP tanks. The fingerlings were divided into 4 treatment groups T₀, T₁, T₂, and T₃. The conventional feed ingredients; deoiled Mustard cake, Soybean meal, Rice bran and Agrimin Forte (Vitamin-Mineral mixture) were used for preparation of feed pellets. The fingerlings were fed with diet D₀ (Control diet), D₁ (0.25% incorporation of stem powder of Tinospora cordifolia), D₂ (0.5% incorporation) and D₃ (0.75% incorporation) @ 5% body weight for 90 days. At the end of the experiment the haematological examination showed significant improvement in the fishes fed with the diet D₃, which was incorporated with 0.75% of stem powder of Tinospora cordifolia as compared to control and other treatments. The haematological parameters; TLC (42.682 x 103/μl), TEC (3.219x106/μl, hemoglobin concentration (11.21g%), total serum protein (9.23g/dl), albumin (1.201g/dl) and globulin (12.527g/dl) in D₄ diet fed fishes showed increase values in comparison to control and all other treatments (P<60>0.05), which depicts that the stem powder of Tinospora cordifolia has very good potential in enhancing the immunological parameters in fingerlings of Labeo rohita, ultimately enhancing the immunity of Labeo rohita fingerlings under tank culture system.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

019351   Singh A;Bahuguna A (Molecular Systematic Lab, Northern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun-248 195, Email: archana.bahuguna65@gmail.com) : Molecular phylogeny of rediscovered travancore flying squirrel (Petinomys fuscocapillus) and its conservation implications. Curr Sci 2016, 110(4), 659-66.

Petinomys fuscocapillus (Travancore flying squirrel), Jerdon 1847, is a near threatened species, native to India and Sri Lanka. Deforestation, wood plantation, infrastructure development, poaching and natural predators are major threats to the species. This study reports for the first time the molecular phylogenetic position and level of genetic divergence of P. fuscocapillus among the flying squirrel species of South and Southeast Asia, based on two mitochondrial genes. The phylogenetic analysis confirms that the P. fuscocapillus and Petinomys setosus (Temminck's flying squirrel) are sister taxa and share most recent common ancestry. Phylogenetic position of other flying squirrels obtained in the present study was also supported by the previous studies. We also emphasize on the extensive survey for population sampling, need for plantations to maintain a continuous canopy and enforcement of strict laws at the potential geographical distribution of the species in two countries.

3 illus, 3 tables,m 53 ref

019350   Sasan J S;Uppal V;Bansal N (Veterinary Anatomy Dep, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal S, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: jssasan216@gmail.com) : Growing follicle in buffalo ovary: A histomorphometrical study during different seasons of the year. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(3), 317-19.

The present study was conducted on 100 ovaries of adult buffaloes collected from slaughter house during different seasons of year viz; winter, spring, summer, rainy and autumn. The whole ovary was processed for paraffin blocks preparation and sectioned with a rotary microtome at a thickness of 10micron. The growing follicles were characterized by an oocyte surrounded by 2 or more layers of granulosa cells enclosed with a basement membrane. Three types of growing follicles were observed. Type I was without any connective tissue layer. Type II was surrounded by connective tissue layer but without any antrum whereas Type III was having connective tissue layer and small pools of antrum. There was no significant difference in follicular diameter during different season. The average number of growing follicles was significantly higher (p <60> 0.05) during winter and autumn seasons as compared to other seasons.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

019349   Sarma D;Das P D;Das P;Bisht H C S;Akhtar M S; Ciji A (NO, , Directorate of coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital-263 136, Email: dsarma_sh@yahoo.co.in) : Fatty acid, amino acid and mineral composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of Indian Himalaya. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(3), 399-404.

The present study was conducted to determine fatty acid profile, amino acid and mineral content of rainbow trout from Indian Himalayan region. The crude protein, crude fat and ash content were 19.44, 5.18 and 1.37% respectively. Protein had a well-balanced amino acid composition, with higher amounts of proline. The highest amino acid score was observed for tryptophan followed by isoleucine. Total monounsaturated fatty acids were high followed by saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was dominant, followed by palmitic acid and linoleic acid. Among the n-3 PUFAs, DHA was the most dominant followed by linolenic acid. The ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA was 0.77. Among the minerals, K was high followed by Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Se and Mn. From the present study, it can be concluded that rainbow trout has a rich amount of quality protein with well-balanced essential amino acids, PUFAs and minerals.

5 tables, 27 ref

019348   Ong S P;Lau K H (NO, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: iongsuping@frim.gov.my) : Aquilaria malaccensis fruit borer in Peninsular Malaysia. Curr Sci 2016, 110(4), 504-5.

4 illus, 7 ref

019347   Mohamed K S;Veena S (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PO Box 1603, Kochi-682 018, Email: ksmohamed@gmail.com) : How long does it take for tropical marine fish stocks to recover after declines? Case studies from the Southwest coast of India. Curr Sci 2016, 110(4), 584-94.

The depletion/collapse and recovery of tropical marine fish stocks have been studied by deriving the time-series of stock status of commercially fished marine species in Karnataka. Majority of stocks (22 out of 47) showed wide fluctuations in catch whereas 15 stocks were dwindling. This analysis of catch trends (as a simple proxy for biomass estimates) shows that, in spite of consistently increasing efforts and absence of many regulatory measures, most species (66%) had fast recovery capacity within 1-5 years whereas 9% were slow to recover. The depleted and declining stocks need to be carefully monitored and conservation and rebuilding plans need to be made.

6 illus, 3 tables, 50 ref

019346   Luo Y;Liu Y;Zhang D Y (School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington Univ, Washington D.C., 20052, USA, Email: luoyuehao1985@163.com) : Prediction the variation of shark scale's attack angles in swimming. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(3), 295-302.

Shark is the fast swimming animal in the ocean, and it is well-known for sharkskin effect. Sharkskin is covered by the tiny and rigid scales, which can stick out of the viscous sublayer and effectively inhibit the occurrence of turbulence and reduce the wall resistance. The longitudinal sections of the scale surface are not parallel to the flowing direction, but at a particular attack angle, which could be considered as a supplement to the mechanism of sharkskin effect. At present, it is almost impossible to observe the variation of scales' attack angles during the biological shark's swimming. Although the real sharkskin surfaces with original sizes have been fabricated by the bio-replicated method, the attack angles cannot be exactly controlled, the result of which is that the drag-reducing efficiency of sharkskin with different attack angles cannot be obtained by the experimental methods. In this paper, the highly accurate three dimensional digital model is exactly built through the high-accurate scanning the biological sharkskin, and the micro flow field is investigated comprehensively and deeply, especially that, the influence of scales' attack angles on drag-reducing efficiency is analyzed, which has the important significance on exploring the sharkskin effect.

14 illus, 22 ref

019345   Kashid T M;Manik B;Sonawane D L (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Fish diversity of Bhima river. Bioinfolet 2016, 13(2B), 403-4.

The present study deals with the fish diversity of Bhima River (District Pune, Maharashtra) during January 2013 to December 2014. The study revealed occurrence of28 fish species belonging to 5 orders, 11 families and 18 Genera. The predominant orders were Cypriniformes, Siluriformes and Perciformes. Eleven species were recorded from order Cypriniformes.

10 ref

019344   Jayanthi L;Bhavan P S;Srinivasan V; Muralisankar T;Manickam N (Zoology Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu) : Dietary supplementation of probiotics product (ViBact*)on the survival, growth, biochemical constitutents and gut microflora of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2015, 5(2), 67-88.

The optimization of commercially available probiotics, ViBact* (VIB), which contains a combination of Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus mesentericus and Lactobacillus sporogenes, was done to see its beneficial effects on growth promotion of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL) when used as dietary supplement. VIB was incorporated at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% concentrations with basal diet formulated with fish meal, groundnut oil cake, soya been meal, corn flour, egg albumin, cod liver oil and vitamin B-complex with vitamin-C, and fed to M. rosenbergii PL for 90 days. The nutritional indices (survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio), activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase), concentrations of basic biochemical constituents (total protein, carbohydrate and lipid, level of essential amino acids and fatty acids were showed significant (P<60>0.05) improvement particularly at 4% VIB incorporated diet fed PL when compared with control. Moreover, at this concentration of VIB incorporation, the PL showed increased staining intensity of 36, 29, 27, 20, 16 and 14 kDa polypeptide bands when compared with control. The presence of Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus spp., were deducted in the gut of control prawns. In the gut of experimental prawns, the presence of S. faecalis, C. butyricum, B. mesentericus, L. sporogenes and E. coli were deducted. Therefore, Pseudomonas sp., was replaced by VIB through competitive exclusion. The 16s rDNA analyses revealed that the bacterial consortium of control and experimental PL guts showed 98% and 99% similarity with Ralstonia and Comamonas respectively. The BLAST indicated the fact that the matched gut microbes were differed from that of originally incorporated probiotics and unidentified bacterial species were present. This needs further clarification. However, the optimized dose of 4% VIB can be recommended for incorporation with aqua feed for sustainable nursery maintenance of M. rosenbergii.

7 illus, 14 tables, 42 ref

019343   Chandirasegaran G;Elanchezhiyan C;Suhasini S; Babby A (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Mentha piperita (L) on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2015, 5(2), 178-85.

Aims is to evaluate antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Mentha Piperita on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitonial injection of STZ (50 mg/kg body weight). After three days diabetes were induced in rats, the diabetic rats were treated for 45 days with ethanolic leaf extract of M piperita at a concentration of 300 mg/kg body weight and a positive control was maintained by administrating glibenclamide at a concentration of 600 μ g/kg body weight. At the end of the 45 th day animal were sacrificed, the serum lipid levels and antioxidant enzymes of serum and liver levels were found to be abnormal in STZ induced diabetic rats. Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, phospholipids, LDL, and VLDL levels were elevated whereas the HDL level was found to be significantly decreased in STZ induced diabetic rats. TBARS levels were increased and CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH levels were decresed in STZ induced diabetic rats. After treatment with M.piperita, the lipids levels and antioxidant enzyme levels were restored to near normal levels. These experiments find out that M.piperita have antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity against the STZ induced diabetic rats.

4 tables, 36 ref

019342   Asha;Gulati R;Sharma S K;Aneja D R (Zoology and Aquaculture Dep, CCS HAU, Hisar-125 004, Email: asha.poonia@gmail.com ) : Comparative evaluation of sticky paper and hive debris as sampling methods for population assessment of Varroa destructor in Apis mellifera colonies. Indian J agric Res 2015, 49(6), 503-8.

In the present investigation, two sampling methods for V. destructor; hive debris and sticky paper method was compared year around in A. mellifera colonies to know the viable method. Between the two methods, sticky paper method was found significantly better (CD = 0.11; p = 0.05). More mitefallwas recorded in sticky paper method (17.58 mites/hive) than in hive debris sampling (11.41 mites/hive). Fortnightly data analysis showed two peaks of Varroa; one in second fortnight of May and other in first fortnight of July in both sampling methods. Maximum number of mites (63.27 mites/hive) was recorded in second fortnight of Mayin both sampling methodswhich wassignificantlyhigher than the mites recordedat other observation periods (CD = 0.38; p = 0.05).

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

019341   Apum N;Nimasow G (Geography Dep, Rajiv Gandhi Univ, Rono hills, Doimukh-791 112, Arunachal Pradesh, Email: gibji26@yahoo.co.in) : Socio-economic importance of mithun (Bos frontalis) among the adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Sci Cult 2015, 81(7-8), 200-5.

Mithun (Bos frontalis) is regarded as a sacred semidomesticated animal in the socio-economic life of the Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. The Adis are one of the dynamic and vibrant indigenous communities of the state. They are known for their numerous festivals with rich culture and tradition. Every festival is related with the sacrifice of domestic animals. The festivals are the soul and essence of socio-cultural identity of the people. Mithun is also given as bride price and compensation according to verdict sentenced by Adi Bogum-Bokang Kebang (supreme judgement authority of Adi). The meat is popular in marriage functions, community feast and other important gatherings. It is sacrificed to appease the Gumin-Soyin (house God) to stay and bless the house. It is a means of the economic status of a family. Dotgang is a form of sacrifice of mithun at the time of death of a person. It is believed by Adis that if such sacrifice is made, it appease the soul of the dead and keep the soul away from hovering around restlessly. The paper attempts to highlight the significance of mithun in the Adi community in the context of the continuity of their culture.

^ssc2 illus, 4 ref

019340   Amin A;Naik A T R;Priyadarshini N (Aquatic Environment Management Dep, College of Fisheries, Ramagiri-415 629) : Sub lethal effect of arsenic on oxygen consumption and behaviour of rohu, Labeo rohita.. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2015, 5(2), 43-7.

This study examined the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of Arsenic on selected physiological responses like oxygen consumption and behaviour of rohu (Labeo rohita). The acute toxicity value was found to be 25.5 ppm and two concentrations were selected for sub acute studies. i.e.,1/10th (2.55 ppm) and 1/5th (5.1 ppm) of LC50 for a period of 28 days. The lowest oxygen consumption rate (0.0035 mg/l/g/hr) was found in 1/5th concentration of LC50 (6.3 ppm). Behavioural changes like less general activity, excitement, loss of equilibrium, swimming alterations were noticed during the study period.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

019339   Aland S R (Zoology Dep, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Ashok Chowk, Solapur-413 006, Maharashtra) : Fauna associated with cashew nuts [Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae)] in Solapur Maharashtra, during storage. Bioinfolet 2016, 13(2B), 426-7.

Total 12 insect species associated with stored nuts of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., were recorded and identified. Those were belonging to two orders namely Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Order Coleoptera was dominant over Lepidoptera. The results may help for the execution of strategies for cashew nut protection in India.

7 ref

018317   Zothansiama;Solanki G S (Zoology Dep, Mizoram Univ, Aizawl-796 004, Email: zothans@gmail.com) : Sleeping site selection in wild stump-tailed macaques. Curr Sci 2016, 110(2), 157-8.

24 ref

018316   Wang Q H;Chen J Y;Guo K N;Zheng X B;Wu Q;Wei H;Liu Y (Laboratory Animal Science Dep, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing-400 038, China, Email: lfiaun@126.com) : Correlation study of boar taint-related genes, boar taint substances and sex hormones in Bama miniature pigs at different ages. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(6), 745-51.

Bama miniature pig (Sus scrofa domestica), endemic in China, which is characterized by its small size and specific meat flavor. The evaluation of pork quality is closely related to boar taint. However, there are no published studies of boar taint in Bama miniature pigs. In this study, the correlation between mRNA expression of boar taint-related genes, boar taint substances (androstenone and skatole) and sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol) of Bama miniature pigs at consecutive ages were examined. We found a gradual increase of mRNA (CYP2E1, CYP2A19, CYP2C34, and COUP-TF1) expression in the livers of pigs aged from birth to 6 months of age. The mRNA expression of COUP-TF1 and CYP2C34 peaked at 12 months old. However, the mRNA expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2A19 declined after 6 months age. The mRNA expression of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, StAR, and COUP-TF1 was stable over time in the testicle of Bama miniature pig. However, a substantial increase in their relative expression levels was observed before sexual maturity. Boar age was positively correlated to sex hormone (testosterone, estradiol) and boar taint substances (androstenone, skatole). There is in vivo gene regulation in boars that controls the relationship between boar taint substances and sex hormones. In addition, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, StAR, and sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol) can be used as markers for low boar taint study. Our study elucidated the correlation of boar taint-related genes, boar taint substances and sex hormones. These results have provided reference for applied research using Bama miniature pigs as a model for livestock production.

12 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

018315   Vupru K;Rajkhowa C (NO, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland-797 106, Email: perumalponraj@gmail.com) : Effect of addition of trehalose on the liquid storage (5°C) of mithun (Bos frontalis) semen. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(6), 837-46.

Present study was undertaken to assess the effect of trehalose on sperm parameters, enzymatic profiles and biochemical profiles of seminal plasma of mithun. The semen ejaculates were collected from mithun and was split into four groups as group 1: semen without additives (control), group 2 to 4: semen with 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM of trehalose, respectively in EYTC extender. These parameters were assessed at 5°C for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 30 h of incubation. Inclusion of trehalose resulted in significant (p <60> 0.05) decrease in percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities as compared with control group. Additionally, trehalose at 50 mM has significant improvement in quality of mithun semen in in-vitro storage. It was due to the protective effects of trehalose on sperm parameters as sperm membrane stabilizer and prevents efflux of cholesterol, lipid peroxide formation and biochemical enzymes from sperm cell during preservation.

11 illus, 34 ref

018314   Vijay Kishore;Srivastava C N;Ashok Kumar; Lalit Mohan (Applied Entomology & Vector Control Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Faculty o, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005) : Relative acaricidal bioefficacy of certain root extracts of Adhatoda vasica against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: ixodidae). Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(4), 224-235.

This study evaluated the relative toxicity of petroleum ether, hexane, and methanol extracts of Adhatoda vasica (Adulsa) roots (Acanthaceae) against adult and their impact on Fecundity and hatching rate of larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus(cattle tick). The plant material was collected from the forest area of Arnauta village of Agra district (Uttar Pradesh). The roots selected of Adhatoda vasica were washed in running tap water and dried in shed at the room temperature (35°C). The dried plant material was subjected to extraction in petrolum ether, hexane and methanol subsequently in soxhlet's apparatus after grinded in stainless steel pulvliezer. The solvents from the extracts were evaporated by rotatory vacuum evaporator (HEIDOLPH) at 1°C. Engorged adult female ticks were immersed in selected range of test concentra tion of above mentioned extracts independently along with control. Petroleum ether extract prove to bethe most effective for adulticidal activity against R. microplus with LC₅₀ 271.49 followed by methanol and hexane extracts with LC₅₀ 388.80 and 863.61 respectively. In case of oviposition inhibition methanol extract was the most effective followed by petroleum ether and hexane extracts. The results of the study revealed significant acaricidal properties and required further detailed chemical analysis and dose determination to promote these extracts as safe, ecofriendly and effective alternative acaricide.

4 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

018313   Venkataramanan R;Murali N;Sreekumar C; Gowrimanokari K V (Postgraduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, , Tanuvas, Kancheepuram-603 203, Email: venkyvet@gmail.com) : Karyotype of the Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica). Curr Sci 2016, 110(6), 983-5.

3 illus, 10 ref

018312   Vaitheeswaran T;Malathi S;Felix S (Brackish water Research Farm Facility, O.M.R Campus, Fisheries College, , Tamil Nadu) : Studies on length-weight relationship of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), (Family: Mugilidae) Chennai coast of Tamil Nadu. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(4), 4-7.

Length-Weight relationship was studied in Mugil cephalus collected from Kovalam, Southeast coast of India. The slope value (b) estimated for Mugil cephalus of both sexes was found to be 1.0368. The regression equations calculated for female was Log W = -0.7292 + 1.0368 Log L. The correlations coefficient was found to be significant (P<60>0.01). The significant difference between sexes of the species `F' value was at 1% level. The slope value was compared here could be very useful for comparison with the brackishwater species in other geographical locations.

2 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

018311   Thirumalaiselvan S;Pandey P K;Purushothaman C S (Aquatic Environment and Health Management Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai) : Fipronil degrading Bacteria from freshwater environment. J Inld Fish Soc India 2015, 47(2), 13-19.

Fiprnil is a broad spectrum insecticide, which causes effect on environment and human health. Eight fipronil resistant bacteria were isolated from tank water containing fipronil to study bioremediating efficiency. 16S rDNA sequence analysis of the selected bacterial isolates showed identities of the isolates to Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus and Comamonas aquatica. The bacterial isolates were capable of tolerating fipronil in the range of 35 to 50 mg L^-1Degradation by three representative isolates after 4, 8 and 12 days of incubation with the initial concentration of 10 and 20 mg L^-1 fipronil in mineral salt medium, were in the range of 1 0.46F128><145>1.41 to 94.66±0.46%. Removal was maximum at the concentration of 10 mg L^-1 for all the bacterial isolates. For both the 10 and 20 mg L^-1 concentration levels, strain C-3 (B. cereus) was found to be highly efficient in remediating fipronil followed by C-l (Bacillus spp.) and C-6 (c. aquatica).

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

018310   Sunaina;Bhardwaj A K;Ansari B A (Zoology Dep, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Oxidative stress biomarkers in assessing arsenic tri oxide toxicity in the Zebrafish, Danio rerio. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2016, 4(4), 8-13.

Heavy metals and their salts are considered as very important group of environmental pollutant which in small quantities may be essential nutrients that protect our health, yet in larger quantity it being toxic and dangerous to all living organisms including aquatic organisms. One of the major mechanisms behind heavy metal toxicity has been attributed to oxidative stress. Heavy metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic animals, promoting formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are an unenviable part of aerobic life. During the present study, arsenic effect was studied at two doses (0.006 mg/l and 0.03 mg/l) for 7, 14 21 and 28 days in liver and ovary of Zebrafish Danio rerio. This study included the antioxidant profile namely catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH). A notable decrease was observed in the activities of catalase and reduced glutathione in the levels of other metabolite together with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation after arsenic exposure.

6 illus, 43 ref

018309   Stadnik L;Atasever S (Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Animal Husbandry D, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamyck -129, 165 21, Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic, Email: stadnik@af.czu.cz) : Influence of some environmental factors on body condition score and somatic cell count in Czech Holstein cows. Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(6), 774-7.

Objective of this study was to determine some environmental factors affecting body condition score (BCS) and somatic cell count (SCC) in Czech Holstein cows. A total of 278 primiparous cows were examined by BCS and SCC in four calving seasons, three years and six test days after calving. The results revealed no significant effect of calving season was found for both parameters. While year was not effective on SCC values, BCS mean of third year was significantly (P<60>0.05) high. Also, no significant effect of test day was determined on SCC, but BCS values elevated with later test days (P<60>0.05). Negative and significant relationships (P<60>0.01) were estimated among all consecutive change in BCS (CBCS) and positive associations (P<60>0.01) were determined among all log SCC groups. As the result, primiparous Czech Holstein cows should be managed by eliminating effective factors to obtain more productivity in dairy farms.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

018308   Sreeranjini A R;Ashok N;Indu V R;Lucy K M; Maya S;Chungath J J (Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur-680 651, Email: sreeranjiniar@yahoo.com) : Gross anatomical features of the sternum of green-winged macaw (Ara Chloroptera). Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(6), 860-2.

Present study was conducted on the sternum of an eight year old, male Green-winged Macaw. The sternum was quadrilateral with dorsal concave and ventral convex surfaces and four borders. The dorsal surface presented numerous pneumatic foramina. The ventral surface furnished a large, boat shaped keel. The anterior extremity showed two facets for coracoid. The anterior and posterior borders were convex. The lateral border on either side presented six costal facets. Two distinct oval foramina were seen near the posterior border. Craniolateral processes were short and stump-like. Caudolateral processes fused with the median trabecula on either side. The rostrum was distinct. The morphological features of the sternum of Green-winged Macaw conformed to that of flying group of birds. It was almost similar to that of goose in its anterior half and to that of pigeon in its posterior half.

1 illus, 1 ref

018307   Shrankhla;Lalit Mohan;Srivastava C N (Applied Entomology & Vector Control Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Faculty, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005) : Synergistic activity of temephos and Pseudocalymma alliaceum leaves against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2015, 4(3), 69-82.

Larvicidal activity of different combinations of synthetic insecticide, Temephos with leaves extract of Pseudocalymma alliaceum against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The experiments were conducted according WHO standard procedure. Combination 1:2 was found to be the most potent as compared to 1:1 and 1:4 ratio and shows synergism against both the target species and shows LC₅₀ values 0.0008 and 0.0004 ppm and LC₉₀ values were 0.0047 and 0.0013 ppm after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively. In case of Cx. Quinquefasciatus the ratio 1:2 exhibits LC₅₀ values 0.0016 and 0.0003 ppm and LC₉₀ values were 0.0139 and 0.0022 ppm after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively. The present study concluded that the combination of tested extract possesses more effective as compared to its individual components. So, this formulation is cost-effective and eco-friendly and also used to control the mosquito larval population.

3 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

018306   Sethy K;Dass R S;Garg A K;Sahu S;Gogoi S (Mineral and Vitamin Nutrition Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Faculty, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Email: babuivri@gmail.com) : Effect of different selenium sources (Selenium yeast and Sodium selenite) on haematology, blood chemistry and thyroid hormones in male goats (Capra hircus). Indian J Anim Res 2015, 49(6), 788-92.

Present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of selenium yeast and sodium selenite supplementation on haematology, blood biochemical parameters and hormones in goats. 18 male kids (2-3 months of age and 6.63 ± 0.30 kg average BW) were stratified by their body weight and randomly assigned to three different treatments, fed a basal diet consisting of concentrate mixture and oat straw. In addition kids in group II and III were supplemented with 0.3 mg selenium kg^-1 DM as selenium yeast and sodium selenite respectively. This experimental feeding lasted for 180 days, during which blood samples were collected on day 0, 60, 120 and 180 days. Hemoglobin content and packed cell volume were statistically similar (P<62>0.05) among the three groups. Non significant differences were also observed for the serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, A: G ratio, urea, creatinine and total cholesterol (P<62>0.05) among all the groups. But, concentration of triiiodothyronine (T₃) was significantly (P<60>0.05) increased while concentration of thyroxin (T₄) and T₄: T₃ ratio were significantly (P<60>0.05) decreased in all the supplemented groups. It may be concluded that supplementation of sodium selenite and selenium yeast increased serum level of T₃ which is indicative of the better thyroid hormone homeostasis and thus the better metabolic balance to the body without affecting other blood biochemical parameters of goats.

3 tables, 17 ref