018609   Sambath S;Farooqui S A (NO, Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Vijay Nagar, Jabalpur-482 002, Email: sambath63@gmail.com) : Additions to the moth fauna (lepidoptera) of district Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Bionotes 2017, 19(4), 152-3.

1 table, 8 ref

018608   Samaddar I;Biswas H;Gupta S K (Zoology Post Graduate Dep, Krishnagar Govt. College, Krishnagar, Nadia-741 101, Email: itsmeisamaddar@gmail.com) : On the phytophagous and predatory mites on some medicinal plants occurring in sundarbans area of West Bengal. Bionotes 2017, 19(4), 142-4.

1 table, 4 ref

018607   Sadhotra M (Zoology Dep, Govt. College of Women, Parade, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: meenusadhotrasharma@gmail.com) : Study of somatic and meiotic chromosomes of Papilio demoleus Linn.. Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(1), 51-2.

Somatic metaphases from male and female brain ganglia of Papilio demoleus and meiotic stages from male are shown in the present communication. The haploid chromosome number of Papilio demoleus was found to be 30 from the various meiotic stages which confirms the diploid chromosome number of the species.

5 illus, 6 ref

018606   Rosero-Garcia D;Suaza-Vasco J D; Barajas-Galindo J;Uribe-Soto S (Grupo de Investigacion en Sistematica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellin, Calle 59A 63-20. Bloque 16, Laboratorio 102. Medellin, Colombia) : Mosquito fauna (diptera: culicidae) of high andean mountain ecosystems in Colombia. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(6), 10-24.

An annotated list of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) known to occur in Colombia above 2,000 m is analyzed in present study. To study the mosquito fauna present in high Andean mountain ecosystems in the Departments of Antioquia and Quind¡o, sampling was carried out by rapid biodiversity assessment during May 2008 and September 2016. In - 91 - addition, all records of Culicidae obtained from the scientific literature were included in the data analysis. As a pioneering work, this checklist updates the mosquito fauna above 2,000 m to a total of 35 species representing 11 genera and 15 subgenera. This list adds valuable information to the knowledge of biodiversity in Colombia and contributes to the establishment of a baseline for future research.

1 illus, 1 table, 109 ref

018605   Raveen R;Pandeeswari M;Ahmed F;Reegan D; Tennyson S;Arivoli S;Jayakumar M (Zoology Dep, Madras Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Bioefficacy of Nerium oleander Linnaeus (apocynaceae) floral extracts on the larva of three vector mosquitoes of medical importance. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(6), 65-77.

Mosquitoes are the major vectors of many pathogens which cause diseases like dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus fever, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis and malaria. Vector mosquito control or management is important in order to prevent mosquito-borne diseases as well as to improve public health. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides induces ecological imbalance, affects non-target organisms and poses severe health risk to humans. Plant extracts are believed to be a good alternative to chemical insecticides. In the present study, Nerium oleander flower (pink, red and white) extracts were evaluated for its bioefficacy on the larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The larvae of each species were exposed to different concentrations viz., 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000mg/L and larval mortality was assessed 24 hours after exposure and LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were calculated. Amongst the different floral extracts tested, the acetone extract of Nerium oleander red flowers exhibited the highest larvicidal activity against all the three mosquito species and their LC₅₀ values were 94.60, 101.21 and 121.79mg/L against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti respectively. Identifying plant based insecticides that are efficient as well as suitable and adaptive to local ecological conditions, biodegradable and having wide spread mosquito larvicidal chattels will work as a new weapon in the arsenal of insecticides and in the future may add to a suitable alternative tool to fight against mosquito-borne diseases.

2 illus, 5 tables, 129 ref

018604   Pawan Kumar;Bhardwaj S K (Zoology Dep, Ch. Charan Singh Univ, Meerut-250 004, Email: drskumar7@yahoo.com) : Photoperiodic regulation of seasonal responses in black-headed munia (Lonchura malacca). J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 207-11.

To investigate the seasonality in photoperiodic response, experiment was performed on adult male blackheaded munia. Birds were captured by mist nets and kept in out-door aviary from September 2013 to June 2014. On each season of the year (both equinoxes and solstice), three groups of birds (n=6 each) were exposed in short day length (SD), long day length (LD) and natural day length (NDL). Daytime light intensity was 460 lux and night time received dim light illuminations (<126>0.3 lux) in light regimes (SD and LD condition). A group was maintained under natural - 90 - day lengths (NDL) served as control. Observations on body molt, body mass and testis size were taken from beginning to the end at appropriate intervals during the experiments. Results demonstrate that mean body mass of male blackheaded munia gradually increased and decreased throughout the experiment. There was no significant change in the body mass in June, September, December and March groups. The mean testicular volume in each group attained a peak value and then gradually decreased. There was significant change in the testis volume in June, September, December and March groups. The mean body molt and molt primaries increased throughout the experiment in each groups. There was significant change in the body molt in September, December, March and June groups and molt primar y in September, December, March and June groups.

2 illus, 23 ref

018603   Onyenwe E;Nnadozie R I A;Ibedugha B N; Ozoemena T C (Zoology and Environmental Biology Dep, Michael Okpara Univ of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria) : Habitat fragmentation in Nigeria: A cryptic but devastating phenomenon that requires urgent attention. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 40-3.

In Nigeria, habitat fragmentation, the division of natural habitat into progressively smaller and more isolated fragments separated by a matrix of human-transformed land cover, continues at an accelerating rate and accounts for most biodiversity losses. It implies a loss of habitat, reduced patch size and an increasing distance between patches. The causes of habitat fragmentation through anthropogenic activities are many and the effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity are huge. These effects are so diverse that different authors measure fragmentation in different ways and draw different conclusions. Some of the effects on ecosystem include; edge effect, reduction of gene pool, extinction, climate change and total collapse of an ecosystem. In Nigeria, local and international organizations and agencies have responded to this situation in so many ways, but cannot be said to have recorded any meaningful success. The failure of these measures to produce the desired results calls for concern and has been attributed to public apathy, low level of funding, inadequate game laws and weak enforcement of existing legal provision. It is expected that improvement on the aforementioned limiting factors will go a long way in reducing habitat fragmentation in Nigeria.

28 ref

018602   Olusola K O;Emmanuel O O;Olufemi A M; Elizabeth O T (Zoology Dep, Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Ile-Ife, Nigeria) : Histopathological studies of selected organs of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) in igun gold mining reservoir and opa freshwater reservoir, south western, Nigeria. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 48-54.

Histological changes in the gills, fillet and liver of Sarotherodon galileaus in Opa and Igun reservoirs were used to evaluate the impact of heavy - 89 - metals in the fish organs. Fresh fish samples of S. galileaus were collected from Opa and Igun reservoirs and identified in the laboratory. Techniques based on histological analyses were done on the tissues and photomicrographs taken using digital binocular compound LED microscope. In Opa and Igun reservoirs, the gills of S. galilaeus showed rupture and lifting of epithelium. The gills also showed shortening and hyperplasia of lamellae in Igun reservoir compared to Opa reservoir. The fillet of S. galilaeus in both reservoirs revealed muscular atrophy and splitting while necrosis was observed in Igun reservoir compared to Opa reservoir. The liver of S. galilaeus in the two reservoirs showed hepatopancreas degeneration while splitting at the wall of central vein, hypertrophy, degeneration and vascular congestion were observed only in the liver of S. galilaeus of Igun reservoir. The alterations were comparatively severe in the organs of S. galilaeus in Igun reservoir to Opa reservoir.

19 illus, 29 ref

018601   Muddula Krishna N;Govinda Rao V;Venu D (Marine Living Resources Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: krishna.muddu217@gmail.com) : Pseudanthias vizagensis sp. nov., a new anthiine fish (subfamily : anthiinae), genus pseudanthias, from India. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 213-16.

Pseudanthias vizagensis sp.nov., a new species of the anthiinae fish genus Pseudanthias Bleeker, 1871 erected the six Indo- Pacific anthiine species that he had originally described in the genera Anthias and Serranus. It differs from all other Indo-Pacific Pseudanthias by the following combination of characters: acutely pointed snout tip; pectoral fin rays; dorsals oft rays; colour patters of the body; dorsal, caudal, anal and pectoral fins; diamond shaped or oval shaped bands are the interorbital region. The anthiine fish was caught during the deep water trawl catches operating at Visakhapatnam (Lat 17° 10¹N; Long 18° 10¹E) along the east coast of India in February 2013. This species was identified as Pseudanthias vizagensis sp.nov., (Family; Serranidae). Pseudanthias vizagensis sp.nov., is a small fishes, highly colourful fishes. This new species found in the Visakhapatnam coastal waters, central eastern coast of India. The present description of the species and a comparative statement with colour pattern are described.

4 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

018600   Mitra S;Dutta R;Roy M;Panja B (Genetics Dep, ARIBAS, Anand-388 001, Email: ritamdutta.rd@gmail.com) : Insects from the Calotropis gigantea plant in and around coastal zone of West Bengal. Bionotes 2017, 19(4), 151.

1 table, 4 ref

018599   Mishra A (Zoology Dep, S. M. M. Town Post Graduate College, Ballia-277 001, Email: aparnamishra258@gmail.com) : Effect of eye stalk ablation on moulting of fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium dayanum. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 555-7.

The effect of eye stalk ablation on moulting of a fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium dayanum was studied in the laboratory. The animal was collected from the lakes (Dah and Suraha lake) of the Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh. After the ablation of eye stalk, the specimen was checked regularly and the major structural changes, such as the retraction of epidermal tissues from the cuticle and setal development was observed. The moulting cycle was observed on the basis of following three stages as suggested by Drach (1939).A-C (Post moult and intermoult stages combined); D (Premoult); E (Ecdysis).

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

018598   Laheri S;Modi D;Bhatt P (Biological Sciences Dep, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Univ, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai-400 056, Email: purvi.bhatt@nmims.edu) : Extra-oviductal expression of oviductal glycoprotein 1 in mouse: Detection in testis, epididymis and ovary. J Biosci, Bangalore 2017, 42(1), 69-80.

Oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1), also called oviductin, is an oviduct-specific protein and is suggested to play a role in fertilization. Traditionally, Ovgp1 has been shown to be exclusively expressed by the oviduct; however, recent studies have demonstrated its expression in some cancers. This observation led us to hypothesize that Ovgp1 might have some extra-oviductal expression. In the current study, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of Ovgp1 in normal reproductive tissues of male and female mice. For the first time, we demonstrate that beyond the oviduct, Ovgp1 mRNA is expressed in the testis, epididymis and ovary, but not in the uterus, cervix, vagina, breast, seminal vesicles and prostate gland. In the testis, Ovgp1 mRNA was localized in the cells at the base of seminiferous tubules (most likely, Sertoli cells), while the protein was detected in the round and elongating spermatids. In the epididymis, Ovgp1 transcripts were localized in epididymal epithelium of the caput but not the corpus and cauda; OVGP1 protein was, however, not detected in any of the segments but was present in the epididymal sperm. In the ovary, Ovgp1 transcripts and protein were detected in the surface epithelium, granulosa cells of the preantral and the antral follicles and corpus luteum. In both, the ovary and oviduct, the expression of Ovgp1 was found to be higher at estrus - 88 - stage than at diestrus stage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the extra-oviductal expression of Ovgp1. Our data suggests that, beyond fertilization, Ovgp1 might have specific roles in gonadal physiology.

7 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

018597   Kurane M;Hosamani A;Bheemanna M;Ghante V; Gowda B;Patil R (Agricultural Entomology Dep, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur-584 102, Email: kuranemanoj45@gmail.com) : Biology of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (meyrick) lepidoptera : gelechiidae) under laboratory condition. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 373-5.

The study on biology of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) was carried out during 2015-16. All the experimental studies were conducted in the controlled conditions (28 øC Temp and 70% RH) at the Main Agriculture Research Station, Raichur, Karnataka. The results revealed that, egg, first, second, third and fourth larval period was 4.08 ± 0.55, 3.48 ± 0.64, 1.78 ± 0.40, 1.90 ± 0.44 and 3.43 ± 0.58 days respectively with total larval period of 10.59 ± 2.06 days. The pre-oviposition and oviposition period found to be 1.33 ± 0.33 and 11.55 ± 0.92 days, respectively. The fecundity varied from 165.05 ± 6.22 eggs per female. The longevity of adult male was 7.50 ± 1.20 days and female 15.01 ± 1.47 days. The male and female of T. absoluta occupied 29.76 ± 3.92 and 37.30 ± 4.88 days, respectively to complete total life cycle.

2 tables, 11 ref

018596   Kumar A;Parmar A;Bajpeyee A K;Pandey U (Zoology Dep, M.L.K. College, Balrampur-271 201, Email: abmlk1515@gmail.com) : Immunohaematological alterations with acute calcium carbide toxicity in Rattus rattus. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 527-30.

In the present study, the black rat (Rattus rattus) was exposed to calcium carbide. On 7th and 14th day of exposure the blood samples from the lateral saphenous vein of rat were obtained and blood parameters were measured. A significant decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, total red blood corpuscles (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocytes, neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR), - 87 - platelets and rticulotocytes were noticed. While white blood corpuscles (WBC), eosinophils, monocytes, basophiles, color index (CI) and rticulotocytes were increased. The study indicated that the toxic effect of calcium carbide revealed on hematological changes in black rat (Rattus rattus). The calcium carbide is associated with many health hazards. In this regard, we should take all possible precautions to overcome the problem for animal welfare.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

018595   Kumar A;Bajpayee A;Parmar A (Zoology Dep, M.L.K (PG) College, Balrampur) : Effect of sodium fluoride on growth and development of fingerlings of Labeo rohita. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 543-5.

The acclimatized and healthy fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to different sublethal doses of NaF (20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 60 mg/L of water ) for 20, 40 and 60 days. The observation reveals that the Na F concentration & exposure period effects the growth of Labeo rohita. The present study reveals that the weight and length of fingerlings get retarded after exposure to higher concentration of fluoride salt. Retardation was comparatively more in higher concentration as compared to lower concentration & longer exposure period effects more prominently than shorter exposure duration.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

018594   Koc Y (Science Education Dep, Sinop Univ, Education Faculty, Turkey. Sinop/Turkey) : Effects of photoperiod and nutrient variety on preadult developmental time of Plodia interpunctella (lepidoptera: pyralidae). Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 44-7.

Plodia interpunctella (hubner) the Indian meal moth was used in this research. In our study were examined effects of photoperiod and nutrient variety on the preadult developmental time of Plodia interpunctella. Experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions with the temperature of 26 ± 1 °C and 60% moisture proportion. Corn flour and bran were used for P. interpuncella as nutrient. For the photoperiods, five photoperiods were studied as following; CD (continuous daylight), CD (continuous darkness), 18L:6D (18 hours of daylight, 6 hours of darkness) 12L:12D (12 hours of daylight, 12 hours of darkness) 6L:18D (6 hours of daylight, 18 hours of darkness) regimes.. In our study, shortest preadult developmental time is in CL photoperiod condition. we found developmental time of the Indian meal moth was significantly influenced by the different diets and photoperiod. P. Interpunctella develop fastest as pre-adults under CLcycles compared to short day lengths corn flour is the most efficient nutrient compared to all conditions. As the daylight period increases, preadult developmental time decreases. As the daylight increases at different photoperiods, development period become shorter. Development of both nutritient was fastest under CL cycles.

1 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

018593   Koc Y (Science Education Dep, Sinop Univ, Education Faculty, Sinop, Turkey) : Effect of different temperature on preadult developmental time and fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster meigen, 1830 (diptera:drosophiladae). Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 1-4.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the preadult developmental time and fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster at 20, 23, 26 and 32 °C. Studies were carried out under the laboratory conditions at twelve hours dark, twelve hours light photoperiod regime and % 60 ± 5 relative humidity with four temperature (20, 23, 26 and 32 °C). The composition of the food type (named as solid food) consisted of water 74.2 cc., molases 13.5 gr., corn flour 10 gr and propiyonic acid (0.7 cc). Preadult developmental time and female fecundity for each trial was determined. Fecundity was highest when reared at 26 °C. Total preadult developmental time at 20,23,26 and 32 °C was 19,16,10and 13 days, respectively. Developmental time was highest reared at 20 - 86 - °C. Results from this study are show that changing the temperature is important. Drosophila is a widely used and well suited model system for studying genetics and biology. Therefore, we initiated a study to quantify the effects of temperatures on developmental time and fecundity of D. melanogaster.

1 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

018592   Khan H H;Ashwani Kumar (Entomology Dep, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007, Email: hhkhan.amu.786@gmail.com) : Biology of cabbage white butterfly [Pieris brassicae (Linn.)] on carbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 57-9.

The mean total development period of cabbage butterfly for male was 44.7 and for female was 48.2 days respectively. Eggs were light yellow, ribbed horizontally as well as vertically and were firmly glued to the both surface of the cabbage leaves in a group with incubation period of 4.8 days. Followed by egg, first, second, third and fourth instars were completed in 3.6, 4.0,3.4 and 4.3 days, respectively. The fifth instar larva was seen greenish yellow in colour with prominent dark spots and small white hairs completed with mean period of 5.4 days. The pupa was whitish in colour and mean pre-pupal and pupal period was 1.5 and 9.9 days respectively. The adult is snow white butterfly having black spots on the wings with longevity of the male and the female was 7.8 and 11.3 days, respectively.

1 table, 9 ref

018591   Kaleka A S;Singh D;Parminder Kaur;Saini S (Zoology & Environmental Sciences Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: apskaleka@gmail.com) : Genitalic studies of a moth, Megacorma obliqua (lepidoptera : sphingidae). Bionotes 2017, 19(4), 145-7.

1 illus, 9 ref

018590   Jha N A;Vinod Kumar (Indo-US Joint Center for Biological Timing, Zoology Dep, Delhi Univ, New Delhi-110 007, Email: drvkumar11@gmail.com) : Female conspecifics restore rhythmic singing behaviour in arrhythmic male zebra finches. J Biosci, Bangalore 2017, 42(1), 139-47.

The present study investigated whether pairing with a conspecific female would restore rhythmicity in the singing behaviour of arrhythmic male songbirds. We recorded the singing and, as the circadian response indicator, monitored the activity-rest pattern in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) housed without or with a conspecific female under 12 h light: 12 h darkness (12L:12D) or constant bright light (LL_bright). Both unpaired and paired birds exhibited a significant daily rhythm in the singing and activity behaviour, but - 85 - paired birds, under 12L:12D, showed a <126>2 h extension in the evening. Exposure to LL_bright decayed rhythmicity, but the female presence restored rhythmic patterns without affecting the 24 h song output. In the acoustic features, we found a significant difference in the motif duration between unpaired and paired male songs. Overall, these results demonstrated for the first time the role of the female in restoring the circadian phenotype of singing behaviour in male songbirds with disrupted circadian functions, although how interaction between sexes affects the circadian timing of male singing is not understood yet. It is suggested that social cues rendered by a conspecific female could improve the circadian performance by restoring rhythmicity in the biological functions of the cohabiting arrhythmic male partner.

3 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

018589   Gupta S (Zoology Dep, Mohir Bhoj P.G. College, Dadri (G.B. Nagar)) : Effect of organophosphate and carbamate to fresh water fish Mystus vittatus. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 487-9.

To calculate the toxicity of two pesticides i.e Naled or Dibrome (organophosphate) and Isolan (carbamate), acute toxicity bioassay tests have been conducted. To work out the LC₅₀ and acute toxicity range for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. using the test fish, Mystus vittatus. The safe concentrations, Heterogeneity factors, Fiducial limits (95%), Regression equations and slope functions, were also worked out for each time interval.

2 tables, 31 ref

018588   Gulrez S;Chavan S P;Puri D;Poul S (School of Life Sciences, Zoology Dep, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Nanded-431 606) : Nest characters, nesting success and parental care in some birds at swami ramanand teerth marathwada university, Nanded, Maharashtra. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 11-9.

Nest is one of the essential need for nidicolous species of birds having altrical youngs. It is especially used for breeding and parental care. Nest characters of some Passerine bird species were examined and resource utilization for the purpose was correlated. The nesting success in S. R. T. M. University, Nanded Maharashtra was in the range of 0.42 % to 1.64 % in four different areas. Overall nesting success was 5.56 % in 650 acres area which is quite higher than earlier studies mainly in forest areas in India. This study was limited to specific types of nests rather than common nests of Baya weaver (Plocius phillippinus) abundantly found in the region. The birds use easily available material from the nesting site to construct nest this also implies the non availability of material is limiting factor for the nesting in birds which was found in Area 3 of the selected site. Starting from nesting, egg laying to fledging three species of birds Red vented Bulbul, Spotted Dove and Tailor Bird has different nesting cycles in the summer season from month of March to April. The Red vented Bulbul represent highest parental care amongst the other studied species. The human movement favours the nesting as an obstacle for predators but less resource to less and moderate tree covered in relation to available land limits the nesting in Passerine birds.

2 illus, 10 tables, 20 ref

018587   Ganie N A;Rashid M;Dar S A;Khan I L;Dar K A; Baqual M F (Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, Email: nisarseri@yahoo.com) : Haemocyte population dynamics in different breeds of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. infected with bombyx mori nuclear polyhedral virus (BMNPV). J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 261-4.

Insect immunity consists of cellular and humoral reactions. Cellular reactions involve phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation by plasmatocytes and granulocytes. On the other hand, humoral reactions involve activation of prophenol oxidase cascade and induction of immune proteins such as lysozymes, lectins, antibacterial and antifungal proteins. The different breeds of silkworm vary in their haemocytic response to microbial infections. In the present study Total Heamocyte Count (THC) and Differential Haemocyte Count (DHC) in different breeds of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. were investigated under normal and NPV inoculated conditions. Under normal conditions there was a gradual increase in THC as the age of the larva increased in Nistari, Pure Mysore, SK-28 and SK₆ (tolerant breeds) compared to susceptible breeds (NB₄D₂ and SH₆ ). There was a gradual - 84 - decrease in prohaemocyte and increase in plasmatocyte during the progressive infection by BmNPV. Thegranulocyte count also increased gradually upto 4th day of infection and showed a decreasing trend afterwards in all the breeds of silkworm.

2 tables, 12 ref

018586   Deepti V A I;Sujatha K;Shrikanya K V L (Marine Living Resources Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: sujatha.mlr@gmail.com) : List of grouper species (pisces: serranidae) recorded with descriptions of three new distributional records from indian waters. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 339-49.

To understand the diversity in any given area and management of resources, thorough knowledge of species composition, length groups represented in the catches of that particular region are essential. The present paper provides a list of forty three species of groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) collected mainly from Visakhapatnam (Lat. 16.980N-20.20N, 82.190- 86.530E) where catches from various fish landing centres along central eastern coast of India are brought for sale. Few samples were also collected from fish landing centres of Mandapam, Kochi and Port Blair. The paper also includes brief descriptions and biometric characters of Epinephelus heniochus (Fowler, 1904) and E. bontoides (Bleeker, 1855) new record from Indian waters and E. maculatus (Bloch, 1790), a new record from coastal waters of mainland of India. Illustrations for rare species represented in the catches of this region were provided.

24 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

018585   Chowdhury A (Zoology Dep, East Calcutta Girls' College, Lake Town, Kolkata-700 089, Email: amitshampa84@rediffmail.com) : Diversity of earthworms in an orchard at Barasat, West Bengal (Annelida : Oligochaeta). Bionotes 2017, 19(4), 148.

1 table, 6 ref

018584   Chavan S P;Jondhale S;Walke D;Jadhav P (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Nanded, Maharashtra) : Habitat for camouflage in priority in preference besides harsh physical conditions in three species of nightjar (aves: caprimulgiformes). Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 5-10.

Nightjars are important group of nocturnal bird species. From 98 species of nightjar in the world the true nightjar species belong to order Caprimulgiformes are 38. Jungle nightjars take shelter on the tree branches. The nightjar species found in the study area near Nanded, Maharashtra were Caprimulgus affinis (Savannah nightjar), Caprimulgus - 83 - asiaticus (Indian nightjar) and Caprimulgus indicus (Jungle nightjar). Most of the nightjars are insectivorous prefers moths (Lepidoptera). These are one of the difficult birds to identify and notice due to camouflage of body coloration and plumage pattern with habitat and inactive, calm noiseless behavior during day time. Each species produce typical vocal churring calls. Nightjars are least studied birds in India especially for their breeding activity and habitat use. These three species found to lay 1-3 eggs on open land camouflaged with habitat. To remain camouflage is most preferred strategy adapted by all three nightjar species.

7 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

018583   Chaubey S N;Mishra R S (Zoology Dep, S.D.J.P.G. College, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh-276 128, Email: drsncchaubey@gmail.com) : Morphology, feeding capacity and prey preference of long jawed spider, Eucta chamberlini (simon). J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 61-5.

Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate morphology, prey preference and feeding capacity of Eucta chamberlini (long jawed spider) collected from various places of Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh (India). It was observed that it is a nocturnal spider found on bushes near crop fields, makes web at night between leaves of bushes and paddy crop plants. It preys on moths, mosquitoes, house flies and other soft bodied insect pests. A single spider can prey on about 18.10 ± 5.40insects/ 24h. Moths and mosquitoes were the preferred prey for this spider.

3 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

018582   Bhosale M M;Pawar R A;Sawant M S;Pavan Kumar; Lakra W S (Fisheries College & Research Institute, TNFU, Ponneri-600 051, Email: mangeshcof@gmail.com) : Molecular characterization of portunnid crabs (Charybdis feriatus, Portunus pelagicus and P. sanguinolentus) along Ratnagiri coast, Maharashtra, India. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 47-51.

Investigations on crab biodiversity are hampered by insufficient taxonomic knowledge in spite of its abundance in total marine catch. Hence, in the present research three important Portunid crab species namely, Charybdis feriatus, Portunus pelagicus and P. sanguinolentus along Ratnagiri coast were clearly differentiated on the basis of Cyt b based DNA barcoding having 14.57, 2.29 and 21.14 divergences respectively. The phylogenetic comparison among various species showed that C. feriatus and P. pelagicus were evolutionary close (0.003) as compared to the distances between P. pelagicus and P. sanguinolentus (0.391) and P. sanguinolentus and C. feriatus (0.386). All studied species were further close to decapods Callinectessapidus (0.36), Scylla serrata (0.39) and S. olivacea (0.37). The findings based on Cyt b based DNA barcoding set apart each species and from other decapod crustaceans, which have important implications for precise taxonomy, stock identification and geographic variation.

1 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

018581   Banyal H S;Sanjeev Kumar (Desert Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: dr.harinderbanyal@gmail.com) : List of the fish fauna in thar desert of Rajasthan. Bionotes 2017, 19(4), 129-32.

9 ref

018580   Bano S;Prakash V (Zoology Dep, M.S.D.T.N. Mahavidyalaya, Araul, Kanpur) : Role of indigenous herbal formulation in the modern treatment of helminthes infestation and blood constituent in goats. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 535-7.

A number of synthetic anthelmintics are available and used for the treatment of helminthiosis. Continued use of these drugs has been observed to result in lowering their anthelmintic potency due to development of tolerance by the worms. Therefore, the present investigation was under taken to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of an indigenous herbs i.e. Azadirachta indica (Neem), Punica granatum (Anar), in goats with natural helminth infestation at different dose rates based on EPG count. The deteriorated health condition due to reduction in heamatological parameters Hb, PCV, TEC, Total Protein, Blood glucose, Albumin and Iron were found to improve to about normal levels with treatment of Azadirachta indica and Punica granatum powered formulation in different group of goats. The health status of the treated goats was observed to improved fast during post treatment. The administration of herbals formulation twice a day was proved more effective as - 82 - compared to once a day.

2 tables, 8 ref

018579   Ashwani Kumar;Khan H H (Entomology Dep, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007, Email: drashwanikumar95@gmail.com) : Population dynamics of cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linn.) in district Sultanpur (U.P.). J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 81-4.

The present investigation were carried out at Sultanpur district of Uttar Pradesh during Rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14. Results on the incidence of cabbage butterfly population with weather parameters revealed that, The occurrence of cabbage butterfly was commenced from 4th standard week (January fourth week) with an average 0.02 larvae per plant during year 2012-2013, but during year 2013-2014 occurrence of cabbage butterfly was commenced from 3rd standard week (January third week) with an average 0.02 larvae per plant. The cabbage butterfly population increased gradually and reached peak with average population of 0.04 and 0.05 larvae per plant at 7th standard week (February first week) during the both years 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. Thereafter, declined trend was observed due to rise of maximum and minimum temperatures as optimum weather condition are decreasing.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

018578   Arvind Kumar (Zoology Dep, Govt. Girls Degree College, Badaun, Email: zooaayush@gmail.com) : Effect of photoperiod and seasonal responses of body mass and testicular volume of Sturnus - 81 - pagodurum. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 573-6.

The experiments was performed on adult male brahminy myna (Sturnus pagodurum) and locally called as Pavai (in Hindi). Birds were locally caught and procured through local suppliers. Wild - caught birds were acclimatized to captive conditions in an outdoor aviary before moving indoors. During experimentation, food (soft and proteinaceous diets) and water were available ad libitum, and were resupplied when the lights were on. The experiment was started on 21 March 2005. In this experiment a batch of myna was maintained under short day lengths (SDL, 8L:16D), and then from this stock, a group of birds (n=6 each) was transferred in 21 June 2005, 22 September 2005, 21 December 2005 and 20 March 2006 respectively to long day lengths (LDL, 16L:8D). Body mass and testicular volumes were collected at the beginning and at end of the experiment. The observation of this study was clearly mean that myna use the length of daily photoperiod as source of temporal information for regulating their seasonal cycles.

1 illus, 21 ref

018577   Anbalagan S;Kannan M;Dinakaran S;Krishnan M (Zoology Dep, Sethupathy Government Arts College, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, Email: anbumdu@gmail.com) : Species diversity of black flies (diptera: simuliidae) in oriental region and molecular phylogeny of the subgenus Gomphostilbia members. J Vector Borne Dis 2017, 54(1), 80-6.

Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are ecologically and medically important insects. Female adults of black flies are the solitary vectors of river blindness (onchocerciasis) and their larvae play a vital role in stream ecosystem. This study examined the distribution of black flies in the Oriental region and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of the subgenus Gomphostilbia members based on two molecular loci. The distribution data of black fly species in different countries of Oriental region were obtained from world black flies geographic inventory. The two gene sequences, COI and ITS1 were used to study the phylogenetic relationships of the members of subgenus Gomphostilbia members. The distribution analysis revealed that out of the 16 subgenera in the genus Simulium Latreille s., the species-level diversity of three subgenera (Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia and Simulium) contributes about thrice of total black fly species diversity. The highest diversity of species was found in the subgenus Simulium. The strict consensus of Tree analysis using New Technology (TNT) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) recovered similar topologies for Gomphostilbia members and they formed as monophyly. The overall sequence identities of the 19 species of subgenus Gomphostilbia were high and shared 55-60% similarity. Results of this study highlighted that eight subgenera of Simulium Latreille s. str are commonly distributed in different parts of Oriental region. Among these the subgenera of Simulium, Gomphostilbia and Nevermannia are most common with high diversity in China, Pakistan, Thailand and Vietnam. The phylogenetic analysis of Gomphostilbia members demonstrates the inter-specific divergence, indicating the centre of origin (India) or the recipient of ancestral migrant lineages in Oriental region.

2 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

018576   Anand A;Sinha K P (Zoology Univ. Dep, L. N. Mithila Univ, Kameshwarnagar, Darbhanga, Bihar) : Haematological manifestations due to helminthic infections in the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus 1758 from darbhanga region (Bihar). Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 24-5.

The present study focuses on the observation of haematological manifestation in Gallus gallus domesticus due to mixed helminthic infection with cestode parasites (Rallietina and Davainea etc) and nematode parasites (Ascaridia & Hetrakis). Out of 245 host bird examined, 145 were found infected with either singly or mixed infection. For study of effect on blood parameters only 43 (18 male + 25 female) birds were taken. The significant increase was observed in the size of RBC and number of WBC, MCV & MCH and however, reduction in the count of RBC, Hb, PCV in infected Gallus as compared with normal host bird. Thus, the haematological manifestations of the infected host bird Gallus gallus domesticus show that high infection (mixed ones) cause macrocytic anaemia, lymphocytosis etc due to deficiency of related factors.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

018575   Alhaj M;Aljidhean G;Almanae A A;Abdalla M; Muhanna H (NO, Campaign for Control of RVF, Ministry of Water, Environment and Agriculture, Gizan City, Saudi Arabia) : Abundance and spatial distribution of Culex and aedes mosquitoes as potential vectors of rift valley fever in jazan region. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(6), 42-7.

The mosquito and Sandfly fauna of Jazan region-Southwest Saudi Arabia were investigated to identify the density and the geographic distribution of potential vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV), as part of ongoing control program against RVF during inter-epizootic period. Overall, 128190 mosquito females, 3229 Phlebotomine sandflyies and 2018 Culicoides were collected from 18 October 2015 through 4 Sep 2016, by using a carbon-dioxide (dry ice)- baited light traps. All samples were morphologically identified at genus level and frozen at -80 before submitted to the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to investigate the likely circulation of RVFV in mosquitoes. Among the collected mosquitoes, Culex species was consistently the predominant mosquito, ranged from 98.13% to 99.26% in Sabia and Abuareesh respectively. While, phlebotomus sandflies, were found sporadically distributed in all districts with high relative abundance in Bulgazi (5.6%). Interestingly, all samples tested by RT-PCR were reported as negative for RVFV. In light of the reported results, conducting more spatio-temporal distribution of mosquitoes based on species identification should be considered in future studies towards implementing more effective control measures against mosquito-borne diseases.

2 illus, 27 ref

018574   Adite A;Tossavi E C;Kakpo D B E (Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Management des Ecosystemes Aquatiques (LE, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, BP 526 Cotonou, Benin) : Biodiversity, length-weight patterns and condition factors of cichlid fishes (perciformes: cichlidae) in brackish water and freshwater lakes of the mono river, Southern Benin, West Africa. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(6), 26-34.

Cichlids are the major components of the ichthyodiversity and fisheries in tropical Africa. In Southern Benin, cichlids is of great importance and made about half (49.82%) of the inland fisheries. This study assessed diversities, length-weight models and condition factors of cichlids in South-Benin in order to contribute to species conservation and management. Six (6) cichlids dominated by Sarotherodon melanotheron (72.92%), a native species and Oreochromis niloticus (20.83%), an invasive alien species were recorded in Lake Toho. Likewise, the coastal zone comprised nine (9) cichlids dominated by S. melanotheron (74.49%) and Tilapia guineensis (20.06%). In both habitats, dominant species showed isometric growth patterns. The results showed significant (p≤0.0001) variations in the condition factors across both habitats. In Benin, cichlids have a high potential in fisheries and in aquaculture. Further studies are required and should focus on bioecology, dynamics, fisheries and aquaculture in order to implement a sound community-based approach of habitat protection, conservation and valorization scheme of cichlids species.

10 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

018573   Acharya S;Dutta A (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: acharya.shelley@gmail.com) : Occurrence of soil cryptostigmatid mites (acari : crytostigmata) in the states of Western India. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 287-90.

This paper is based on the species diversity and distribution of soil oribatid mites in different states of Western India. 18 species under 15 genera and 12 families are reported from Gujarat and all are reported for the first time from Gujarat. It also records 2 genera and 2 species for the first time from India. Altogether 46 species of oribatid mites belonging to 36 genera and 22 families have been recorded from the state of Maharashtra. Before understanding the present work only 3 species under 2 genera and 2 families were known from the state. The survey records 43 species, 34 genera and 20 families as the first record from Maharashtra. In addition, 10 species under 8 genera are recorded from India for the first time. Only 1 species is reported from Goa state. Studies were also undertaken to explore the diversity of soil mites in different grape orchards and kapas fields in Maharashtra. Total 16 species under 13 genera of oribatid mites were recorded from the vineyards of Nashik and 13 species under 10 genera and 9 families of soil oribatid mites from the kapas fields of Vidarbha were reported. The study of diversity, abundance and species richness has also been incorporated.

6 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

018572   Acharya S;Basu P (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: paramitabasu1@gmail.com) : Distribution and composition of orbatid mites (acari : oribatida) among the districts of Maharashtra, India. J expl Zool 2017, 20(1), 75-80.

The paper deals with the Oribatid fauna collected from 5 biogeographical regions of the Maharashtra, India. Altogether 44 species of Oribatid mites belonging to 37 genera and 23 families have been recorded from the state during the study period of 3 consecutive years from 2012-2015. The present study also records 43 species, 36 genera and 22 families as the pioneer effort from Maharashtra. In addition, 8 species under 8 genera and 8 families are recorded from India for the first time. The important references, diagnostic features and distribution in India for the species have been incorporated.

2 tables, 18 ref

017640   Yousuf F;Batool A;Begum F (Zoology Dep, Karachi Univ, Pakistan) : Eragasilus barai batish and brar, 1990 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae): A gill parasite of freshwater fish Wallago attu Bloch and Schneider, 1801 from Haleji lake, Sindh, Pakistan. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(5), 4-8.

Ergasilus Nordmann, 1832 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) is described from freshwater catfish Wallagu attu parasite on the gills from Haleji Lake, Sindh, Pakistan. This species differs from all its congeners by a combination of characteristics including the shape of the body, structure and armature of the swimming legs.

8 illus, 24 ref

017639   Tiple A D;Talmale S S;Padwad S V (Zoology Dep, Vidyabharti College, Seloo, Wardha-442 104, Email: ashishdtiple@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative description between new record of dragonfly Burmagomphus pyramidalis laidlaw from Central India and earlier available record. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(2), 7-10.

Burmagomphus pyramidalis Laidlaw, 1922 was reported so far from south to southwest India. Present report of the species from Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI) Jabalpur and Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (Hoshangabad Dist.), Madhya Pradesh is for the first time from the central parts of India. The study provides here variations in collected B. pyramidalis specimens in antehumeral marking on the thorax and the 9th abdominal segment. In specimen two upper antehumeral portion narrow, broaden at middle, again somewhat narrow and broaden at extreme humeral portion touches to the base of 2nd pair of legs, also interrupted at the middle at humeral region as against upper antehumeral portion broad, narrow at middle, and broaden at extreme humeral portion, however, a conspicuous transverse citron yellow band dorsally seen on hind margin. In specimen one 9 abdominal segment with two big yellow triangular marks dorsally present on hind margin. Variations between collected two specimens of 6. pyramidalis and available description by Fraser (1926 & 1934) are discussed.

3 illus, 25 ref

017638   Singh N;Tripathi M (Aquatic Toxicology Research Lab, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: nealneelam120@gmail.com) : Effect of fluoride on biochemical parameters of freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Pollut Res 2017, 36(1), 136-40.

Fluoride is a naturally occurring toxicant in aquatic ecosystem. In small amount F - 108 - is beneficial, as it is believed to impart stability to bone and enamel, thereby preventing dental caries and osteoporosis. Its level is increasing day by day in the environment due to natural (geochemical dissolution of rocks) and the anthropogenic sources (industries). It causes depletion of various biomolecules like protein, lipid, glycogen, cholesterol and inhibits mechanism of different physiological and biochemical processes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of fluoride on protein, lipid and glycogen content in different organs (liver, kidney, muscles, gonads, gill, and brain) of H. fossilis after exposure to fluoride. We find that fluoride causes significant depletion of protein, lipid and glycogen content in both sublethal concentration groups in liver, kidney, muscles, gonads, gills, and brain as compared to control.

3 tables, 23 ref

017637   Sami-ur-Rehman M;Nasir M F;Naeem M;Mehmood A; Mushtaq M (Entomology Dep, PMAS-Arid Agriculture Univ, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan) : Fauna of Culex (Culicidae; Diptera) mosquitoes in tehsil pind Dadan khan, Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(5), 28-31.

A total of 11 mosquito species were identified including Culex univittatus, Culex fuscitarsis, Culex gelidus, Culex hutchinsoni, Culex fuscocephala, Culex bailyi, Culex nigropunctatus, Culex bahri, Culex plantaginis, Culex flavicornis, Culex brevipalpis. Three of these identified species were an addition to the fauna of mosquitoes of Pakistan which are Culex bahri, Culex plantaginis, Culex flavicornis. The specimens were collected from the localities of Jalalpur Sharif, Jinnah Park, Hindu Temple, Khewra, Dharyala Jalap, Haran Pur, Lilla and Railway Station. The objective of this study was to collect and identify the mosquito specimens from Tehsil, Pind Dadan Khan, Jhelum up to species level as well as description of the fauna of mosquitoes from the study area.

22 ref

017636   Patel M C;Sivaperuman C (Zoological Survey of India, Andaman Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744 102, Email: manishchpatel@gmail.com) : First report of Enicospilus shinkanus Uchida, 1928 from Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 414-15.

The Family Ichneumonidae of the order Hymenoptera is a parasitoid wasp family. They are important parasitoids of other invertebrates mainly larvae and pupae of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. Enicospilus shinkanus Uchida, 1928 is reported for the first time from Andaman Islands based on collected sample and observation from South Andaman.

^ssc2 illus, 7 ref

017635   Lohani V;Pant B;Tewari H;Trakroo M D (College of Fisheries, G B Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand) : Insight to species abundance of periphyton community in Bhimtal lake. J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(5), 1-4.

Lake Bhimtal is a natural lentic water body in the Nainital District in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Well known for its vast size, socio-economic importance and aesthetic beauty the lake is a habitat for diverse micro and macro communities including Periphyton, attached to a fixed substrate. The present study was performed to observe the species abundance of periphyton in the lake. The dominant species of periphyton during the study were Navicula, Cymbella, Amphora, Fragilaria, Tabellaria, Synedra and Cosmarium. The study revealed that the diatom groups were dominant throughout the study period as compared to other groups. In that group, different genera like Cymbella sp., Navicula sp. and Tabellaria sp. were the major contributors to the overall density.

7 illus, 20 ref

017634   Kutwal B Y;Wokton W J;Vou A K;Sambo A B; Okunsebor S A;Gogol R A (Biological Sciences Dep, Federal Univ Wukari, Taraba, Nigeria) : Manipulation of synthetic hormones in induced breeding of catfish Clarias gariepinus (burchell, 1822). Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(10), 1-5.

The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of two synthetic hormones (Ovaprim and Ovulin) to producing high number of fingerlings at reduced cost. 20 matured broodstocks of Clarias gariepinus; ten males, ten females, Ovaprim and Ovulin hormones were sourced. Broodstock of the ratio one: one were used. The females weighed 1.5 kg each were hypophysized respectively. A latency period of 14hrs was observed and the males were later dissected to obtain the milt used for fertilization. The number of eggs spawned was estimated using standard formula. The result revealed that, all the females hypophysized spawned including the control. Treatment (3) gave the best fecundity, fertilization, hatchability and survival rate of 122,500 eggs, 87.41%, 93.9% and 58.9% respectively which were significantly different (p<60>0.05) from other - 107 - treatments. The research indicated that 75% Ovaprim combine with 25% Ovulin is recommended for induce breeding in Clarias gariepinus.

5 illus, 28 ref

017633   Kushwaha B;Ravindra Kumar;Mishra A K;Nagpure N S;Basheer V S;Anil M K (Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Div, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Canal Ring Road, PO: Dilkusha, Lucknow-226 002, Email: basdeo.scientist@gmail.com) : Molecular and cytogenetic description of four marine fish species from indian coast. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(9), 1110-15.

In the present study, cytogenetic and molecular characterization of four ornamental marine fish species, namely Chaetodon collare, Plectorhinchus gibbosus, Scarus ghobban and Siganus canaliculatus inhabiting Arabian Sea, were carried out. Karyotype analyses of these species revealed diploid chromosome number 48 with all acrocentric, except in S. ghobban having karyotypic formula of 10m+4sm+12st+22t. Chromosomal configuration of C. collare, P. gibbosus and S. canaliculatus indicated more or less similar genetic makeup among them, than that of S. ghobban. Analyses of ITS 2 region in these species indicated phylogenetic closeness of P. gibbosus with S. ghobban and C. collare with S. canaliculatus with an average evolutionary divergence of 6.8% among them.

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

017632   Khanzada K K;Solangi B K;Chandio R H;Kumbhar I A;Siphio F (Entomology Dep, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture Univ, Tandojam, Pakistan) : Impact of different photoperiods on Dirhinus giffardii (Silv.) parasitism on pupae of Bactrocera correcta and Dacus ciliatus. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(5), 31-3.

The study was carried - 106 - out at Dipterian Research Laboratory Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, on the impact of different photoperiods (8:16, 10:14, 24:0 and 0:24 Light & Darkness) were determined. The results were found that maximum emergence of female parasitoids 24.0±1.58 were noted on B. correcta at photoperiod 24:0 Light, followed by (10:14 L/D) 21.6±0.74, (8:16 L/D) 19.2±1.01, whereas the minimum % age of males and females 9.20±0.86, 15.4±0.92 pupae were obtained at photoperiod (0:24 Darkness), respectively. On the other hand, the D. ciliatus showed at photoperiod 24:0 Light highest ratios of male and female adults which were 15.4±0.92, and 20.0±0.70, while the lowest pupae emerged at 0:24 Darkness 6.00±0.70 and 10.8±0.80, respectively. The minimum emergence percentage was recorded at 0:24 Light for both sexes. The results further determined that D. giffardii prefer B. correcta as compared to D. ciliatus Furthermore, the analyzed data showed significant difference between different treatments (P<60>0.05).

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

017631   Hussain S;Mukhopadhyay C S;Sunil Kumar B V; Simarjeet Kaur (School of Animal Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, College, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: csmbiotech@gmail.com) : Phylogenetic characterization of novel cathelicidin from Indian water buffalo. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 495-506.

The bubaline cathelicidins have been an important area of research because of possibility of exploring novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the buffaloes, which are comparatively more sturdy animals and are better adapted to Indian climate as compared to the crossbred cattle. The rationale behind the current study was to in silico characterize the cloned bubaline cathelicidin3 (Cath3) peptide and to study the evolution of bubaline caths. Multiple sequence alignment of the bubaline Cath3 (from this study) and homologous peptide sequences revealed an insertion of 6 amino acids in the cathelin domain of the bubaline Cath3 peptide when compared with that of cattle. Biocomputational analyses of the Cath3 coding sequence (cds) as well as the amino acid sequences (using MEGA6 software & Datamonkey server) indicated that different types and transcript variants of cathelicidin varied considerably within the same species, indicating the role of natural selection during the evolution of caths. The cathelicidin cds belonging to divergent species were analyzed using different models like SLAC, FEL and REL (Datamonkey server). It is concluded from the REL model that bubaline cathelicidin3 antimicrobial peptides have undergone episodic positive selection (in upto 36 codons) conferring selective advantage in evolution of the peptide.

14 illus, 34 ref

017630   George K R;Malini N A;Praveena G S;Rejani M K (Post Graduate & Research Dep. Zoology, St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry-689 641, Email: dr.roygeorgek@gmail.com) : Haematological and biochemical alterations in short term exposure to bisphenol A in Oreochromis mossambicus (peters, 1852). Pollut Res 2017, 36(1), 59-64.

Effects of sub lethal concentration (1ppm) of bisphenol A (BPA) on the hematological and bio - chemical parameters were studied in Oreochromis mossambicus on 7th and 21st day of exposure. Exposure to sub lethal levels of BPA elicited reduction in red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb %), which can be attributed to the anemic condition caused by impaired haem synthesis. The bio - chemical parameters like protein content and glycogen levels were decreased in response to impairment of protein synthesis and increased rate of glycolysis after BPA exposure. Alkaline phosphatase (ALK) and acid phosphatase (ACP) on the other hand were increased due to tissue damage caused by BPA. Increased rate of ammonia excretion in BPA exposed fish was resulted from the altered protein metabolism to overcome the stress conditions.

1 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

017629   Edwin D;Erasto P;Temba S;Chacha M (School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution and Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha-Tanzania, Email: musa.chacha@nm-aist.ac.tz) : Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Commiphora swynnertonii extracts: An experimental study on albino mice and rats. Ambient Sci 2017, 4(2), 11-16.

The acute and subacute toxicity of Commiphora swynnertonii extracts on albino mice and rats was verified. For the acute toxicity study, oral administration of C. swynnertonii hexane and chloroform extract with doses of 500. 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight induced no treatment-related signs of toxicity in the animals during the 14 days of the experimental period. In the sub-acute toxicity, C. swynnertonii hexane extract showed a significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit (HCT) and a significant increase in Mean platelet volume (MPV). A significant decrease in aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and creatinine was also observed. In the rats treated with C. swynnertonii chloroform extract, the significant change in white blood cell (WBC), Red blood cell (RBC), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean hemoglobin concentration (MCH), Mean platelet volume (MPV) and hemoglobin (Hb) were observed. The significant change in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), creatinine, albumin and bilirubin was also - 105 - observed.

2 illus, 8 tables, 15 ref