ISA

023504 SINGH U, NAUTIYAL P (Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Uttarakhand, Email: upendra481@gmail.com) : Examining sub speciation tendencies in the schizothoracinae stock within Yamuna basin rivers (Yamuna and tons ) of Uttrakhand, India. J Mount Res 2017, 12, 13 - 8.

In the fish species showing restricted distribution, the majority of morphometeric characters show narrow range and are genetically controlled. Fish demonstrate greater variation in morphological traits both within and between populations. The present study is designed to determine variation in the morphometric characers of Schizothoracinae stock, from Yamuna basin rivers. The sample size consisted of 33 specimens of S. richardsonii and 38 of S. plagiostomus from the Yamuna, while 34 specimens of S. richardsonii and 33 of S. plagiostomus from the Tons. Fifteen characters in proportion to total length and five to head length have been studied. Body proportions were tabulated to obtain the range and then classified on the basis of range difference into genetically (<10%), intermediate (10-15%) and environmentally (>15%) controlled characters. In case of S. richardsonii 11 characters were genetically controlled and 4 were intermediates in relation to total length in the Yamuna, while in Tons river 12 characters were genetically controlled and 3 were intermediates in relation to total length. In relation to head length 4 characters were genetically controlled, while LOB was environmentally controlled in both rivers. On other hand in case of S. plagiostomus 13 characters in relation to TL were genetically controlled, while 2 were intermediate in the Yamuna river whereas in Tons 14 characters were genetically controlled and 1 was intermediate. In relation to head length 4 characters were genetically controlled, LOB was only a character which was environmentally controlled. The study confirmed lack of sub-speciation tendency in both Schizothorax species in Yamuna basin.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

Study of age and growth of Labeo calbasu (Ham.) from the Ganga river system at Allahabad

SINGH P R, DOBRIYAL A K, SINGH H R

023503 SINGH P R, DOBRIYAL A K, SINGH H R (Zoology Dep, Univ of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drprsingh@rediffmail.com) : Study of age and growth of Labeo calbasu (Ham.) from the Ganga river system at Allahabad. J Mount Res 2017, 12, 1-12.

Ageing biology of Labeo calbasu (Ham.) was studied by using scales. A linear relationship with high degree of correlation was observed between total length and scale radii of fish which shows significance of study. Formation of growth ring was annual in nature. The first annulus was formed at an average length of 16.49 cm. Length increment was found decreasing with age. Phenomenon of growth compensation was observed in the age class eight. The spawning as the prime factor with low feeding intensity were the factors causing annulus formation. Fishes under examination belonged to 0 to 8 age classes. The maximum specimens were recorded for age class 2. It appeared that fishes of age class 1 and 2 were more vulnerable to the fishing gear. The mean back calculated length (in cm) obtained by the analysis of pooled key scale samples were 16.49, 25.65, 35.32, 43.09, 48.11, 51.36, 56.57, 69.15 for the 1^st to 8^th age classes respectively. The growth rate (length increment in cm) was recorded 16.49, 9.16, 9.67, 7.77, 5.02, 3.25, 5.21 and 12.58 for 1^st to 8^th age classes respectively. The maximum annual increment had been recorded in the first year of life. Growth compensation was observed in age class eight. Specific rate of linear growth (C₁) has been recorded to be 55.79, 37.49, 21.99, 11.65, 6.75, 10.19 and 22.24 between different age classes. It showed a decreasing trend except in age classes seventh and eighth. The index of species average size (Øh) was recorded 8.64, which indicated commercial importance of the fish. The maximum attainable size was recorded 80.5 cm. The first maturity was attained after second year of life (at a size of 32.0 cm and 34.0 cm for males and females respectively) and the harvestable size was recorded after completion of third year of life at a length of 37.2cm.

4 illus, 3 tables, 61 ref

Screening of autochthonous intestinal microbiota as candidate probiotics isolated from four freshwater teleosts

NANDI A, BANERJEE G, DAN S K, GHOSH P, GHOSH K

Studies on the pesticidal activities of bioactive compounds of fish Tetraodon fluviatilis of west coast of Mumbai

Zodape G V

Investigating differentiation ability of induced pluripotent stem cell (ips) & stromal endometrial (Ens) toward pre_oligodendrocyte cells, by the means of growth factors in vitro

Younesi B;Azarnia M

022538 Younesi B;Azarnia M (animal biology Dep, faculty of biological sciences, kharazmi Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: behnamyounesi94@gmail.com) : Investigating differentiation ability of induced pluripotent stem cell (ips) & stromal endometrial (Ens) toward pre_oligodendrocyte cells, by the means of growth factors in vitro. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 697-707.

Oligodendrocytes are types of cells in central neural system (CNS). Their main function is generation of Myelin sheath in CNS, this sheath insulates the Axons. Any disorder in the function of these cells leads to demyelination of neurons and causes neural disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). Nowadays, cell therapy provides plenty of hope for cure of MS. So far it has used different sources such as stem cells or progenitor for cell therapy of neural system. But each of them had some limitations, for instance using neural stem cells requires certain amount of CNS tissue. Embryonic stem cells also introduced as another candidate for cell therapy but due to some moral problems, such as necessity to creating a Blastocyst, using these cells accompanied many limitations. In cell therapy, the most important factor is facility to acquiring stem cells. iPS cells are kinds of Induced Pluripotent Stem cells which directly created by transferring of 4 transcription factors: oct₄, sox₂, klf₂, and c-Myc into the differentiated cells. iPS cells are like pluripotent embryonic stem cells although they do not require demolition of Blastocyte. Endometrial Stromal cells are kinds of mesenchyme or adult cells which have been proven in human and mice's uterine endometrial and they are easy to access. Both of these types of cells can be appropriate candidates for cell therapy. In this research we use these two types of cells for differentiate to Oligodendrocytes and we are able to differentiate iPS cells which are from human's eye and also human Endometrial Stromal cells to pre-Oligodendrocytes. Also we can compare their - 108 - differentiation ability. These cells can be used for transplanting in MS patients.

7 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

Examining sub-speciation tendencies in the schizothoracinae stock within yamuna basin rivers (yamuna and tons) of Uttarakhand, India

Singh U;Nautiyal P

022537 Singh U;Nautiyal P (Zoology & Biotechnology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Srinagar (Garhwal)-246 174, Email: upendra481@gmail.com) : Examining sub-speciation tendencies in the schizothoracinae stock within yamuna basin rivers (yamuna and tons) of Uttarakhand, India. J Mount Res 2017, 12(Dec), 13-18.

In the fish species showing restricted distribution, the majority of morphometeric characters - 107 - show narrow range and are genetically controlled. Fish demonstrate greater variation in morphological traits both within and between populations. The present study is designed to determine variation in the morphometric characters of Schizothoracinae stock, from Yamuna basin Rivers. The sample size consisted of 33 specimens of 5. richardsonii and 38 of S. plagiostomus from the Yamuna, while 34 specimens of S. richardsonii and 33 of S. plagiostomus from the Tons. Fifteen characters in proportion to total length and live to head length have been studied. Body proportions were tabulated to obtain the range and then classified on the basis of range difference into genetically (<60>10%), intermediate (10-15%) and environmentally (<62>15%) controlled characters. In case of S. richardsonii 11 characters were genetically controlled and 4 were intermediates in relation to total length in the Yamuna, while in Tons river 12 characters were genetically controlled and 3 were intermediates in relation to total length. In relation to head length 4 characters were genetically controlled, while LOB was environmentally controlled in both rivers. On other hand in case of S. plagiostomus 13 characters in relation to TL were genetically controlled, while 2 were intermediate in the Yamuna river whereas in Tons 14 characters were genetically controlled and 1 was intermediate. In relation to head length 4 characters were genetically controlled, LOB was only a character which was environmentally controlled. The study confirmed lack of sub- speciation tendency in both Schizothorax species in Yamuna basin.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

Variability in diatom assemblages of spring habitats in doon valley

Singh R;Nautiyal R;Nautiyal P

Study of age and growth of Labeo calbasu - 106 - (Ham.) from the Ganga river system at Allahabad

Singh P R;Dobriyal A K;Singh H R

022535 Singh P R;Dobriyal A K;Singh H R (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drprsingh@rediffmail.com) : Study of age and growth of Labeo calbasu - 106 - (Ham.) from the Ganga river system at Allahabad. J Mount Res 2017, 12(Dec), 1-12.

Ageing biology of Labeo calbasu (Ham.) was studied by using scales. A linear relationship with high degree of correlation was observed between total length and scale radii of fish which shows significance of study. Formation of growth ring was annual in nature. The first annulus was formed at an average length of 16.49cm. Length increment was found decreasing with age. Phenomenon of growth compensation was observed in the age class eight. The spawning as the prime factor with low feeding intensity were the factors causing annulus formation. Fishes under examination belonged to 0 to 8 age classes. The maximum specimens were recorded for age class 2. It appeared that fishes of age class 1 and 2 were more vulnerable to the fishing gear. The mean back calculated length (in cm) obtained by the analysis of pooled key scale samples were 16.49, 25.65, 35.32, 43.09, 48.11, 51.36, 56.57, 69. 15 for the lst to 8th age classes respectively. The growth rate (length increment in cm) was recorded 16.49, 9.16, 9.67, 7.77, 5.02, 3.25, 5.21 and 12.58 for 1st to 8th age classes respectively. The maximum annual increment had been recorded in the first year of life. Growth compensation was observed in age class eight. Specific rate of linear growth (C₁) has been recorded to be 55.79, 37.49, 21.99, 11.65, 6.75, 10.19 and 22.24 between different age classes. It showed a decreasing trend except in age classes seventh and eighth. The index of species average size (<<102>h)) was recorded 8.64, which indicated commercial importance of the fish. The maximum attainable size was recorded 80.5cm. The first maturity was attained after second year of life (at a size of 32.0cm and 34.0cm for males and females respectively) and the harvestable size was recorded after completion of third year of life at a length of 37.2cm.

4 illus, 3 tables, 60 ref

An efficient protocol for micro propagation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Salim S A A;Hamza S Y

022534 Salim S A A;Hamza S Y (Plant Production Techniques Dep, Al-Musaib Technical College, Iraq, Email: dr.sihamabdalrazzaq@yahoo.com) : An efficient protocol for micro propagation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 757-66.

The purpose of present study was the development of a suitable protocol for micro propagation of Gardenia jasminoides by using explants from shoot tips and nodes exist from 2-3 years old plants. The sterile explants cultured in MS medium supplemented with TDZ (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 mg/L) in combination with IAA (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg/L) for shoot initiation. Results showed there was no significant difference between explants source in initiation stage. The highest averages of shoots numbers, shoots lengths, number of leaves and nodes per shoot were obtained at combination 3.0 mg/L TDZ + 0.3 mg/L IAA for both explants. The micro shoots from initiation stage were harvested and cut into new explants and transferred to multiplication medium containing the same concentrations of TDZ and IAA above in addition of 3.0 mg/L of GA₃ of all treatments. The best results of shoots multiplication through shoots numbers(3.8 shoots/explant), shoots lengths(3.2 cm), number of leaves(6.9 leaves/shoot) and nodes(5.2 nodes/shoot) were obtained at 3.0 mg/L TDZ + 0.3 mg/L IAA. Also, there was induction of flower buds formation in some TDZ and IAA combinations. Then, the multiplied shoots were transferred to rooting medium comprised of half strength of MS salts containing 4.0 g/L activated charcoal and supplemented with IBA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg/L) individually. Results showed the concentration 1.5 mg/L of IBA gave the highest rooting response(90%), whereas, the concentration 1.0 mg/L IBA gave highest average of roots number (3.1 roots/shoot) and roots length(4.6 cm). While, the concentration 1.0 mg/L of NAA gave the best rooting response (80%), roots number (2.4 roots/shoot) and roots length(2.37 cm) after 6 weeks of culture in rooting medium. Rooted plants were transplanted to sterile mixture of peat moss and river soil (2:1) in pots for acclimatization, and after 4 weeks, the plants became hardened and gave survival percentage of 86% of plants.

4 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

Designing the invertebrates modules nocturnal inhabit and their adaptability toward different aqueous solutions

Rana N;Fatima S;Iqbal M Z;Khan A S;Afzal S; Amin T;Imran M;Yaqoob M

022533 Rana N;Fatima S;Iqbal M Z;Khan A S;Afzal S; Amin T;Imran M;Yaqoob M (Zoology Dep, Wildlife & Fisheries, Univ of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan) : Designing the invertebrates modules nocturnal inhabit and their adaptability toward different aqueous solutions. J Ent Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 41-7.

During present research from both aqueous solutions (10% formalin and sugar solution), from both solutions, total 2788 specimens were collected and maximum population was recorded from formalin solution 57.89% (N = 1614) and least population was recorded from sugar solution i.e. 42.11% (N=1174). As for as taxa composition was concerned, from formalin solution, total 89 species were recorded belonging to 9 orders, 43 families and 73 genera. Whereas, for sugar solution, total 74 species were counted pertaining to 08 orders, 33 families and 58 genera. In case of formalin solution, maximum population was recorded during 6th sampling (252±64.06), and least values were recorded during 5th and 1st sampling (69±53.32). Whereas, - 105 - species abundance was recorded utmost in 3rd sampling (33 species) at temperature and humidity 38.9 °C and 28%, respectively. In case of sugar solution, maximum population was recorded during 6th sampling (195±54.87) and least values were recorded in 9th and 10th samples (71±32.81) and (62±39.17), respectively. Whereas, species abundance was recorded utmost in 4th sampling (29 species) at temperature and humidity 41.6 °C and 16.0%. For both solutions, maximum relative abundance was recorded for Psammodes sulcicollis (Tenebrionidae) 26.83% (N=433) "formalin solution" and 26.41% (N = 310) "sugar solution". Diversity (H') was recorded maximum among formalin solution (0.4035) and least was recorded among sugar solution (0.2935). Species richness was again recorded high among formalin (23.3968) and least among sugar solution (20.8780). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among both (formalin and sugar) showed non-significant results (F=0.22; P=0.6478).

3 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

Ants indicate urbanization pressure in sacred groves of Southwest India: A pilot study

Rajesh T P;Ballullaya U P;Surendran P;Sinu P A

Intraguild predation of eggs by predaceous ladybirds, Propylea dissecta and Menochilus sexmaculatus

Pervez A;Rajesh Kumar

Distribution and diversity of mosquitoes and the role of Aedes in the transmission of arboviruses in selected districts of Tanzania

Patrick B N

022530 Patrick B N (Animal Science Dep, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Studies, Universite Evangeli, P.O. Box 3323, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo) : Distribution and diversity of mosquitoes and the role of Aedes in the transmission of arboviruses in selected districts of Tanzania. Int J Mosquito Res 2018, 5(1), 53-60.

Arboviruses belong to various families of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes and often cause diseases in humans. The objective of this study was to determine mosquito diversity and transmission of arboviruses by Aedes in selected ecosystems in Tanzania. Adult mosquitoes were collected from rural and urban settings using carbon dioxide-baited CDC light traps, Biogent sentinel traps, and the Mosquito Magnet traps. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction assay was performed on pooled adult Aedes mosquitoes to detect the presence of Chikungunya, Dengue, Rift Valley fever (RVF) and Yellow fever (YF) viruses. A total of 42, 77 mosquitoes belonging to five genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia and Mimomyia) and 18 species were collected. Culex accounted for the largest (62.7%; n= 2,682) proportion of the mosquitoes while Anopheles for the lowest proportion (5.7%; n=245). Of the total mosquitoes collected, Culex quinquefasciatus accounted for more than a half (53.4%; n=2692), followed by Aedes aegypti 12.1% (n=520). Of the 34 adult Ae. aegypti pools tested, arboviruses were detected in 33(97%) pools. Dengue virus was detected in 47.6% (10/ 21) pools which tested positive for Flaviruses. Chikungunya virus was detected in 30% (3/ 10) pools which were positive for Alphavirus genera. Of 2 pools tested positive for Bunyavirus genus, Rift Valley fever virus was detected in 1 pool (50%). The presence of various mosquito vectors and detection of arboviruses in aedes mosquitoes leave the population of Tanzania at great risk of transmission of different pathogens and highlight a need for vector control measures in the country.

1 illus, 4 tables, 64 ref

Checklist of benthic macroinvertebrate communities of stream rawasan in Garhwal region (Central Himalaya), Uttarakhand (India)

Koshal Kumar;Rana J S;Rana A R;Kotnala C B

Studies on the ageing biology of hill stream loach, Noemacheilus montanus from Kumaun Himalaya, India

Joshi A;Pramod Kumar;Khanduri N C;Bahuguna P

Observation on the length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of a hill stream fish, Puntius conchonius (Ham.-Buch.) from Garhwal Himalaya, India

Bahuguna P;Dobriyal A K;Joshi H K

Lousicidal and repellency properties of two plant extracts against human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis charles de geer. (phthiraptera: anoplura)

Arya S;Singh S K

Alternation in clotting time in blood of Felis domesticus and Funambulus palmarum with reference to natural and artificial diet

Agarwal R

Water quality of seetadwar lake of shravasti district (U.P.) in relation to physicochemical characteristics of zooplankton

Tripathi R B;Shukla A;Singh I

Acute toxicity of malachite green (triarylmethane dye) and pyceze (bronopol) on carbohydrate metabolism in the freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.)

Srivastav A K;Roy D

Study of a new tapeworm, Pesudooarae jagmenensis, N.G., N.SP. from Clarias batrachus from district Chhatarpur (M.P.) India

Singh M

Biodiversity and threats to native pelecypode (bivalves) molluscs along the selected sites of godavari river of western Maharashtra

Shinde N G

New record of a caryophyllid tapeworm from Clarias batrachus from Bundelkhand, India

Sahu V K;Khare R K;Baghel C L

Effect of withania somnifera on starvation resistance in drosophila melanogaster.

Renuka Prasad B P;Prasanna K S;Ashadevi J S

Ichthyofaunal diversity in Keleghai river, West Bengal, India

Pahari P R;Chakrabortty D;Sarkar S K; Bhattacharya T

Study of cestode infestation in fresh water fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.) in relation to body weight of the host from chopra tablab, chirgaon, district Jhansi (U.P.) India

Narayan A;Yadav R K

Incidence of infection of cestode parasite, Aitodiscus<

Narayan A;Srivastav A K

Prevalence of Plasmodium relictum in residential birds from Hpa-an township Kayin state, Myanmar

Mya M M;Oo N S E;Oo C C;Maung K G

021416 Mya M M;Oo N S E;Oo C C;Maung K G (Medical Entomology Research Div, Medical Research Dep, Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar, Email: dr.mgmgmya@gmail.com) : Prevalence of Plasmodium relictum in residential birds from Hpa-an township Kayin state, Myanmar. J biol Engng Res Rev 2017, 4(2), 23-30.

The increasing emergence of wildlife diseases with potential threats to ecological systems, as well as domestic animal and human health, emphasize the importance of understanding disease dynamics and associated risks to biological conservation and human health. The avian malaria study was conducted in Ta-yrok- hla-village, Hlar-ka daung village, Don-yin village and Naung-ta-lon village Hpa-an Township environs in Kayin State from January 2017 to July 2017 to deter mine bird malaria parasite positivity in wild and domestic birds. Therefore Gallus sp., (Chicken) Meleagris gallopavo - 55 - (Turkey), Numida meleagris (Helmeted guineafowl), Columba livia (Rock pigeon), Streptopelia chinensis (Spotted Dove), Anastomus oscitans (Asian Operbill), Anas spp (domestic duck) and Anser anser (domestic durk) were collected in January 2017 and July 2017. After blood taking on glass slides, all collected birds were released from cages. Blood slides were stained with Giemsa's stain and parasites were diagnosed by oil emersion lens. Results revealed that 7/60 (11.67%) of Plasmodium relictum was positive in wild Columba livia (wild pigeon) population in January and 2/70 (2.86%) of Meleagris gallopavo (Turkey) and 3/70(4.29%) of Columba livia (wild pigeon) were found P. relictum positive in July. When compared the positivity of P. relictum against total collected birds in both month was found (7/430) 1.63% positive was higher in the first survey in January than 5/510 (0.98%) positive in the second survey in July. The study demonstrated that wild Columba livia (wild or rock pigeon) was found higher risk in a transmission of P. relictum than Meleagris gallopavo (Turkey). The study on the distribution of host communities and their relationship to P. relictum in Hpa-an regions would be useful and may provide some insight into the regional distribution of bird malaria parasite.

2 tables, 46 ref