017628   Devika Rani D;Triveni B;Nandini;Narsa Reddy G N (Entomology Dep, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka) : Study of evaluation of foraging behaviour of major insect pollinators on summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(5), 28-30.

An experiment on the insect pollinators was conducted with four summer squash hybrids viz., Parikrama, Chandra, Chamatkar and Gold Queen at the Research Farm of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Foragers of A. dorsata, A. mellifera, A. florea and A. cerana commenced their pollen collection activity at 0600, 0630, 0700 and 0700 h, with peak periods at 0600-0800, 0800-1000, 1000-1200 and 0800-1000 h respectively and all of them ceased their activity between 1700- 1800 h. Out of the total foragers of the day for A. mellifera, 47.93 per cent were pollen, 19.01 per cent were nectar collectors and 33.06 per cent were pollen+nectar collectors. A. mellifera spent maximum time (10.30 seconds/flower), whereas, A. florea spent least time (2.51 seconds/flower) while these values are 7.61 and 5.10 seconds/flower for A. dorsata and A. cerana. All the four bee species viz., A. mellifera, A. ceranaa, A. dorsata and A. florea foraged on summer squash flowers as top workers and they were in well contact with male and female parts of the flowers when collecting nectar and/or pollens. The number of loose pollen grains sticking to the body of A. dorsata was registered maximum (av. 165000 pollen grains) followed by Apis mellifera (97750 pollen grains), Apis ceranaa (60,000 pollen grains) and Apis florea (48750 pollen grains) under agro-ecological conditions of Hisar (Haryana).

4 tables, 10 ref

017627   Devika Rani D;Pedada S;Singh R (Entomology Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka) : Hessianfly: new insights to devbelop a gall. J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(5), 16-27.

Gall midges constitute an important group of plant-parasitic insects. The Hessian fly (HF; Mayetiola destructor), the most investigated gall midge, was the first insect hypothesized to have a gene-for-gene interaction with its host plant, wheat (Triticum spp.). Recent investigations support that hypothesis. The minute larval mandibles appear to act in a manner that is analogous to nematode stylets and the haustoria of filamentous plant pathogens. Putative effector proteins are encoded by hundreds of genes and expressed in the HF larval salivary gland. Cultivar-specific resistance (R) genes mediate a highly localized plant reaction that prevents the survival of avirulent HF larvae. Fine-scale mapping of HF avirulence (Avr) genes provides further - 104 - evidence of effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against HF in wheat. Taken together, these discoveries suggest that the HF, and other gall midges, may be considered biotrophic, or hemibiotrophic, plant pathogens, and they demonstrate the potential that the wheat-HF interaction has in the study of insect-induced plant gall formation.

15 ref

017626   Deshmukh A (NO, Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology (CMLRE), Kochi-682 037, Email: adeshmukh0110@gmail.com ) : Control of bioluminescence in myctophid fishes. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(9), 1094-7.

Bioluminescence crosses all oceanic dimensions and has evolved many times from bacteria to fish to powerfully influence behavioral and ecosystem dynamics. Luminous fishes make up a major portion of the oceans' mid- and deep-water fauna. However, in only a few of these the mechanism of luminescence well understood. Myctophids, or lantern fishes, are among the most abundant group of mesopelagic fishes in the World's oceans. They range from the Arctic to the Antarctic and, as a result of their diurnal migrations, can be found from the surface waters down to depths exceeding 2000 m. They have small photophores pointed downward and to the side, as well as large photophores on the tail, which can produce bright, fast flashes. In spite of the vast quantity of research directed towards myctophids, there are still few or no firm results regarding control of bioluminescence in myctophids.

32 ref

017625   Daravath V;Subash Chander (Entomology Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi) : Feeding efficiency of wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand) against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(5), 5-8.

Study on functional response of wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata in relation to different prey densities of 3rd and 4th instar brown planthopper (BPH) nymphs was undertaken in glass jar and in microcosm arena. The number of attacked prey (H_a) and prey density per unit area over a period of time (HT) were determined and regression of 1/H_a on 1/HT in microcosm and jar arena revealed functional type II response of wolf spider on BPH nymphs. The attack rate, maximum attack rate and efficiency of attack were high in jar as compared to microcosm experiment but handling time was converse of this. This could be attributed to limited arena of the jar, which reduced searching time of predator and ultimately increased killing rate in jar arena compared to microcosm. The observed feeding tactic of P. pesudoannulata suggested that spiders can have beneficiary role in controlling rice pest such as brown plant hopper in density sensitive way. This functional response of spider provided the good information for understanding the effects of bio control agents in the field.

2 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

017624   Chate S D;Chavan R J (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Correlation between population and habitat at Aurangabad (M.S.). Bioinfolet 2017, 14(3), 320-6.

The investigation deals with interrelationship of ant population with climatic and soil parameters. For this purpose peri-urban area of Aurangabad city was explored during June 2015 to May 2016. The study revealed correlation between various abiotic parameters and ant population.

5 tables, 13 ref

017623   Batool A;Yousuf F (Zoology Dep, Karachi Univ, Pakistan) : Lernaeid copepod (cyclopoida) Indopeniculus fryeri kumari, khera and gupta, 1988 parasitic on freshwater fishes of Haleiji lake, Sindh, Pakistan. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(5), 9-11.

Lernaeid copepod Indopeniculus fryeri reported from freshwater fishes of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). Description is given of the lernaeid copepod parasitic species Indopeniculus fryeri first time recorded from freshwater fishes of Pakistan.

6 illus, 5 ref

017622   Asrafuzzaman S;Rout J;Mahapatra S;Sahoo G (Zoology Post Graduate Dep, Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Three anuran tadpoles from Odisha do not help in mosquito biocontrol. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(5), 44-7.

All the mosquitoes and amphibian species share the aquatic habitat for reproduction, growth and survival of respective larvae. The amphibian tadpoles and different instars of mosquito larvae interact with each other in several ways: both negative and positive. The trophic relationship between the tadpoles of three common anuran species of Odisha, India (Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Polypedates maculatus and Microhyla ornata) and various instars of Anopheles vagus larvae was examined. Initial and late feeding stages (varying sizes and feeding abilities) of tadpoles in starved/well-fed conditions were kept for up to 48 hours in different bowls containing Anopheles vagus larvae (both tadpoles and mosquito larvae in differential densities). There was no evidence of active predation of all three species on larvae of Anopheles vagus. Size, feeding state and density did not evoke any feeding relationship among the larvae. However, conspecific cannibalism was observed among the tadpoles but not among the mosquito larvae. The study concludes that these tadpoles cannot function as suitable mosquito biocontrol agents. Larvae of both the groups might be involved in other types of interactions which needs further investigation.

1 table, 30 ref

017621   Allossogbe M;Gnanguenon V;Agossa F R; Zola-Sahossi J;Akinro B;Houtoukpe A;Anagonou R;Akogbeto M (NO, Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Contonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin) : Comparative efficacy of five types of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (permaNet 3.0<. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(5), 7-13.

To increase the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) to reduce man-vector contact and to develop a rational management strategy of insecticide resistance, a new generation of LLINs treated with pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was developed. The present study aimed to verify the effects of the LLINs against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in Benin. The assessment of these LLINs was conducted at an experimental station located in a large rice-growing area in Cove district, Benin. PermaNet 2.0^®, PermaNet 3.0^®, LifeNet^®, Olyset Net^®, and Olyset Plus^® LLINs were used in this study with an untreated net as a control. Six experimental huts were used to randomly allocate one LLIN per hut and allow LLINs to be rotated at each collection. After the first collection, sleepers were randomly allocated to each hut. During the following nights, the sleepers were rotated to avoid confounding factors, such as the sleeper being attractive to the mosquitoes. Collections were conducted from 9:00 PM to 5:00 AM, and indicators were measured according to the protocol of the World Health Organization. The exophily of An. gambiae s.l. was higher with the new generation LLINs Olyset Plus^® (48.48%) and PermaNet 3.0^® (78.66%) than with the other LLINs. The only LLIN to induce exophily of M. Africana was PermaNet 3.0^®. LifeNet^® and Olyset Net^® were no more effective than the control at reducing the blood feeding rate of An. gambiaes.l. (P<62>0.05). However, the new generation of LLINs treated with PBO strongly inhibited blood feeding (61.67% for Olyset Plus^® and 51.79% for PermaNet 3.0^®). High mortalities of M. africana were observed with LLINs, especially for the Olyset Plus^® (76.78%) and PermaNet 3.0^® (95.31%), whereas the mortality rates - 102 - of An. gambiae s.l. were very low: the mortality rate was only 24.68% with PermaNet 3.0^®, which was the most effective LLINs. This study showed there was a significant heterogeneity in the bio-efficacy of the currently available LLINs against natural populations of An. gambiae s.l. in Cove that are resistant to pyrethroids. Both of the LLINs treated with PBO (PermaNet 3.0^® and Olyset Plus^®) were more effective against mosquitoes than the other LLINs, which were only treated with pyrethroids.

2 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

017620   Ali M I M;Bashir N H H;Abd Elrahman S H (Integrated Vector Management Dep, Ministry of Health, West Kordofan) : Mapping of anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in ennuhud town, west Kordofan state, Sudan. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(5), 1-6.

Climatic changes, especially rainfall, affect the distribution and densities of - 101 - mosquitoes. This study was carried out to determine mosquito species composition and mosquito density, in addition to describing mosquito aquatic habitats in EnNuhud Town, capital of West Kordofan State, Sudan. A cross-sectional survey of Anopheline mosquito larval habitats was conducted in EnNahud Town (8 blocks/ sentinel sites) during July 2014 to June 2015. Larvae were collected using the standard dipping technique; while adults were collected using pyrethrum-sprayed sheet method. The habitats observed were broken pipes, bricks traditional factories (Kaminas), pools and swamps formed after rainfall. A total of 2,482 Anopheline mosquito larvae were collected. Of these, 2,449 (98.7%) were morphologically identified as Anopheles gambiae s.l, 33 (1.3%) as A. rufipes. A. arabiensis was found in all blocks. While A. rufipes, was found in one block (Algady block). The high mosquito larval densities indicated that EnNahud Town inhabitants are at risk of mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria. Therefore, malaria control program targeting both the immatures and adults should be enhanced, especially during the rainy-season.

2 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

017619   Al-Naami M T A A;Mahmood E A;Mohammad H E A (Environment and Water Dep, Iraqi Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: marwa_alhlooa@yahoo.com) : Effect of silver nanoparticles on second larval instar of Trogoderma granarium everts (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 303-6.

This study was performed to characterize the impact of silver nanoparticles AgNP biosynthesis by Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin with concentrations 250, 500, 1000,2000,3000,4000 ppm in second larval instar of Trogoderma granarium. The results of this study demonstrated the following: the most killing rate of treated hatchlings was 96.6% at concentration 4000 ppm; observation of demelanization adults from the larvae that were treated with AgNP, the AgNP impact on the quantity of eggs that were generated from adults and hatching percentages. There was an emergence of abnormal adults with increasing concentrations.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

016751   Utiyama A H;Terra W R;Ribeiro A F (Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva Dep, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, C.P. 11461, 05422-970 Sao Paulo, Brazil, Email: aribeiro@ib.usp.br) : Digestive system of the leafhopper Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): the organization of the luminal membrane complex. J ent Res 2016, 40(4), 339-46.

A detailed morphofunctional study of the digestive system of the xylem-sucking hemipteran, Bucephalogonia xanthophis is presented. The foregut is formed by simple tube, the esophagus. The midgut starts at the filter chamber (FC), progressing then to more posterior conical (CM) and tubular regions (TM). The FC is made up of the apposition between the anterior and posterior midgut, along with the proximal segments of the four Malpighian tubules, allowing the concentration of nutrients in the middle midgut. A dilated rectum constitutes the hindgut to which the distal ends of the Malpighian tubules associate. Histologically, the foregut is formed by a simple epithelium, composed of flattened cells covered by a cuticle. The FC cells have a reduced cytoplasm with their apical surface modified into microvilli, whereas the basal plasma membrane presents several invaginations associated with mitochondria. The CM and TM enterocytes exhibit ultrastructural signs of secretory activity. Instead of a perimicrovillar membrane, present in most hemipteran species, B. xanthophis show an entirely different luminal membrane complex, the flame-like membranes. This complex originates from constrictions of the microvillar tips which form membranes that project into the midgut lumen, keeping their association with the microvilli.

5 illus, 41 ref

016750   Topdemir A;Ozgen I;Akgul B;Kavak A E;Gurall Y (NO, Firat Univ Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering, Elazig, Turkey) : Effects of silver AgCl₂ ions at different doses on larval development of Ephestia kuehniella zell (lepidoptera: pyralidae). J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(4), 32-4.

The present study examined the effects of AgCl₂ concentrations at different doses on larval development of E. kuehniella. AgCl₂ solutions at concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1, - 138 - 1.2 and 2 μM were applied against the 3rd and 5th larvae of E. kuehniella. As the dose increased, the mortality rate of E. kuehniella larvae also increased. Concentrations of 0.4μM had no effect on 3rd and larval stages of E. kuehniella. AgCl2 concentrations had much more effect on 3rd larval stages of E. kuehniella than on the larval stages, and the mortality rate was highest at concentrations of 2 μM. The sensitivities of the larval stages to the concentrations indicate that 3rd period of larvae were more affected by the concentrations than 5th period of larvae. When compared with the control group, it was statistically determined that those exposed to the doses of all 3 rd stage larvae and 5th stage larvae of 1 and 2 μM doses were adversely affected by heavy metals.

4 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

016749   Singh D;Navneet Kaur (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala, Punjab) : DNA barcoding of some Indian species of hawk moths based on COI gene (Lepidoptera: sphingidae). J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(4), 35-40.

In the current study, we analysed a partial sequence of 580 bp (approx) of COI gene for seven species belonging to family sphingidae. The study was conducted in the northern India mainly in the districts of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Uttarakhand during the period of April, 2015 to December, 2016 the studied sequences have been added to the current database at GenBank NCBI. The database analysis showed mean K2P divergence of 0.59% at intraspecific level, 6.3% at interspecific and 12.2% at intergeneric level. A range of 0.0% to 2.7% was observed during the intraspecific study alongwith the range of 3.6% to 8.2% in the interspecific study, thereby indicating a hierarchal increase in K2P mean divergence across different taxonomic levels.

3 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

016748   Saini J;Sharma S L;Gupta R K (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Email: beesind@gmail.com) : Taxonomy of the bee genus amegilla friese (Apoidea, Apidae: Anthophorini) with eight species first ever recorded from Rajasthan, India with a Dichotomous key and a complete distribution record. J Envir Biosci 2016, 30(2), 567-72.

The genus Amegilla Friese (Apoidea, Apidae: Anthrophorini) has more than 250 species which represents the second largest group within the Anthophorini. Total 21 species are known from the India. They are widely distributed all over country. This paper presents an identification key for the Indian genera of the tribe followed by taxonomy of genus Amegilla. A dichotomous key for a total of 8 species (A. cingulifera, A. confusa, A. dizona, A. fallax, A. mucorea, A. nivecincta, A. violacea and A. zonata) recorded for the first time from Rajasthan has been presented. The identification characters of the genus follow a dichotomous key for these species separately for males and females. Their synomymies and complete distribution record further supplements the information.

32 illus, 6 ref

016747   Regi S R (Zoology Dep, Sree Narayana College, Sivagiri, Varkala-695 145, Email: regi.ramachandran@gmail.com) : Spatiotemporal diversity, abundance and distribution of zoobenthos community of a temporary estuary in Kerala, India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 296-301.

Zoobenthic diversity of Veli-Akkulam Lake, a temporary estuary in Kerala, was assessed for the period from October 2008 to September 2010. The benthic macroinvertebrate community comprised of 17 species; categorized into Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Crustacea, Chironomidae, Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Oligochaeta formed the most diverse group with six species included. The numerical abundance of - 137 - zoobenthos during the study period varied from 951 to 1748 no.m^-2 during 2008-09 and from 824 to 1856 no.m^-2 during 2009-10 between different study locations. The highest abundance was observed at Station 3 in both the years, and the least was recorded from Station 2 during the first year and Station 1 for the second year. Chironomidae was found to be the most dominating group among the zoobenthos of the Veli-Akkulam Lake during the present study, comprising 38% of the total abundance. The overall deterioration of the water quality and eutrophication of the Veli-Akkulam Lake has resulted in decreased diversity of zoobenthos. The most abundant groups were foun to be chironomids and Tubifex sp., indicating the polluted nature of the water body.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

016746   Ray S;Sinha J (Zoology Dep, B.C. College, Asansol, West Bengal, Email: jayantasinha02@gmail.com) : Studies on mode of action of Cnidarian PLA2 toxin from Adamsia palliata in triggering cytotoxicity in human: an in silico approach. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(1), 1-14.

Adamsia palliata reaeases Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxins of secretory nature. Phospholipase A2 toxin is predicted to act in two different ways. It either acts on TRPV1 channel in human by blocking them or may disrupt cell membrane and seem to catalyze the hydrolysis of 2-acyl ester bonds of 3-sn-phosphollipids producing arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids through protein lipid interaction. This study attampts to in silico portray the bimodal action of PLA2 toxin by docking with Human TRPV1 receptor (Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1) and through PLA2 - lipid membrane interaction. Homology modeling of the PLA2 enzyme is performed through Swissmodel. Validation of 3D structure of modeled PLA2 toxin was carried out through servers, such as, ANOLEA, Prosa-II and Verity 3D. Cleft analysis and protein topology of both PLA2 toxin and TRPV1 receptor was analyzed through Cluspro docking server. Ramachandran plot of the docked model was determined through Prochek server. Seqmol server was used to predict the Kd value of the docked protein. Protein-protein interaction and determining H-bonded and non-bonded contacts between amino acids of PLA2 and TRPV1 receptor is performed through Ligplot program. Heliquest sotware was used characterize lipid binding helices of PLA2 toxin and its physiochemical properties, such as, hydrophobicity, hydrophobic moment and net charge. Monte Carlo simulation of peptide (PLA2) and membrane lipid interaction were carried out through McPep server and diagrammatized using VLC media player. PLA2 toxin and cell membrane interaction and orientation in silico were visualized through ProBLM server. In silico study of this PLA2 toxin predicted that PLA2 may act through two different pathways. One is through interacting with Human TRPV1 receptor and the other by manipulating the helical lipid binding regions of this PLA2 toxin with respect to membrane. Thus this study tried to establish the mode of action of PLA2 toxin of Adamsia palliata on human cell membrane and its subsequent cytotoxicity, thus provides an insight on mechanistic funcitoning and better understanding of this type of toxin.

15 illus, 8 tables, 42 ref

016745   Rabeeth M;Sakthivel T;Janarthanan S (NO, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tirupur-641 602, Email: sundaram.janarthanan@gmail.com) : Internal reproductive organs of lygaeid bug, Spilostethus pandurus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) - gross morphology and histomorphology. J ent Res 2016, 40(4), 347-56.

Gross morphology and histomorphology of internal reproductive organs were studied in spilostethus pandurus. Testis consisted of seven follicles united basally as calyx. The was deferens posteriorly formed a bulb constituting mesadene glands. Bulbus ejaculatorius was a short and thick tube with highly saccular structure. The testis follicle consisted of an apical zone with highly extensive zone of spermatozoa. The vasa efferentia were highly secretory and calyx was muscular, opening with vas deferens and guarded by sphincter. Bulbus ejaculatorius possessed dorsal secretory chamber and ventral chamber contained powerful fan shaped muscle for pumping of sperms and spermatic fluid. There were seven telotrophic ovarioles with uniformly narrow oviducts. An unpaired spermatheca was attached to the right side of bursa. Accessory gland was not visible. In a mature ovary, a distinct swelling at the junction of pedicel and basal oocyte represented complex system of corpus luteum, antepedicellar tissue and basal epithelial plug. Six egg nodules - 136 - occur in a mature ovariole and plasmatic strand of basal oocyte run opposed to follicular epithelium of succeeding eggs to reach the central core of germarium. the trophocytes with lobate nuclei were arranged in whoris around central core and in between the whorls plasmatic strands traversed. Spermatheca had a bulb and stalk, the function being guarded bya muscular valve. A tubular highly secretory gland opened into the common oviduct.

5 illus, 22 ref

016744   Praveen Kumar;Singh P (Zoology Dep, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: poonom@gmail.com) : Tribulus terrestris ameliorates aluminium chloride-induced alterations in oxidative status and functional markers in the liver, kidney, brain, and testis of the laboratory mouse. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2016, 53(5-6), 179-86.

The ameliorating potential of fruit extract of Tribulus terrestris L. (Tt) against aluminium chloride (AlCl₃)-induced alterations in oxidative status and functional markers were studied in the liver, kidney, brain, and testis of the laboratory mouse. Adult male mice were divided into six groups of six each. Group I served as control while that of II - IV received various doses of AlCl₃ (25, 50, 100 mg/kg body wt./day, respectively) orally, for 30 days. The mice of groups V and VI were administered with Tt (100 mg/kg body wt./day) only and AlCl₃ (100 mg/kg body wt./day) along with Tt (100 mg/kg body wt./day) respectively, for the same duration. Metal estimation, MDA level, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and functional markers were studied in the liver, kidney, brain, and testis. Among three doses of AlCl₃, only the high dose (100 mg/kg body wt. for 30 days) caused significant increase in the accumulation of aluminium and MDA level, accompanied by significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) in all these organs. AlCl₃ at the same dose also caused a significant alteration in the functional markers of liver, kidney, brain and testis. These parameters were reinstated near to the control values following administration of AlCl₃ (100 mg/kg body wt./day) along with fruit extract of Tt (100 mg/kg body wt./day) for the same duration. The results suggested that chelating property of Tt against aluminium accumulation might have resulted in the reinstatement of the lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of the functional markers in the liver, kidney, brain, and testis.

9 illus, 59 ref

016743   Nath S;Modak B K;Podder R (P.G. Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, EB-2, Sector-1, Kolkata-700 064, Email: nathsusanta2012@gmail.com) : Effect of arsenic on amino acids level in a common Indian grasshopper. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(1), 109-12.

Amino acids are the building blocks of the body and play a significant role in metal binding and antioxidant defence. Arsenic is a widespread pollutant and an attempt was made in the present study, to observe the effect of mild stress of arsenic on the essential and non-essential amino acids in a common Indian grasshopper, namely, Gesonula punctifrons. The study revealed a significant increase in total amino acids content in compared to the untreated grasshoppers with the advancement of doses during 96 hours of the experiment. Study showed an increase in the level og Glycine indicating the recovery from the effect of Arsenic in G. punctifrons. Alanine and Arginine maintained steady state in the untreated as well as in the dosed grasshoppers which means the strengthening of immune system of the insects during the treatment with the heavy metals. Detoxification of the effect of arsenic was done by increasing the - 135 - amount of Cystine and Glutamic acid, presursors of antioxidant like Glutathione.

1 illus, 14 ref

016742   Mohd Sabri M S;Abdullah F (Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: fauziah@um.edu.my) : Mating behaviour and evidence of female sex pheromone in Rytidodera simulans white (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J ent Res 2016, 40(4), 313-26.

The study on mating behaviour or Rhytidodera simulans White (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and presence of sex pheromone, if any, was conducted at several mango plantations at Kampong Sungai Serai, Chuping, Perlis. The adults were obtained from laboratory rearing. The mating sequence of R. Simulans includes the male locating the female using the antenna, male dashing, collision and male contact with female using his antennae, male mounting and copulation. The mounting duration was 8.24 ± 0.52 min and the copulation duration was 13.24 ± 0.940 min. Delay in mounting was due to male intruders, fighting between males, male confusion for mate choice between two females. Monogamy and pair-bond existed between one copulating pair. A positive response was shown by male R. simulans in T-shaped olfactometer which was attracted to a live female bait and female chloroform extract. In dual choice bioassay, living adult female R. simulans did not show any significant preference towards all treatments. This is the first which shows evidence of a male attracted to female R. simulans in laboratory bioassays.

6 illus, 3 tables, 83 ref

016741   Meena Kumari;Bisht H C S (Zoology Dep, DBS Campus Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, Email: thwaldayanand9@gmail.com) : Studies of the reproductive indices of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium hendersodayanum, from tarai region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand, India. J Envir Biosci 2016, 30(2), 321-5.

Macrobrachium hendersodayanum (Tiwari) is distributed in tarai region of Uttarakhand viz., Jagbuda river and Nanakmatta. The maximum length of candidate species is 80 mm. The peak of GSI and HSI occur in February and June respectively. - 134 - The knowledge of breeding biology is most important for culture prospects of any organisms. The specimen samples were obatined monthly for one year August 2013 to July 2014 from tarai region of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand. The correlation between the Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was significant in both males and females. The results showed the existence of inverse relationship between the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices. GSI and HSI values exhibited that M. hendersodayanum breeds only once in a year with only one breeding peak in the month of February. These evidences are indicative on the involvement of the hepatopancreas in the gonadal development. The aim of this study was to determine the participation of the hepatopancreas in the availability of reserves to the gonadal development.

5 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

016740   Mahapatra S;Dutta S K;Sahoo G (Zoology Dep, North Orissa Univ, Baripada-757 003, Email: gunanidhi.nou@gmail.com) : Opportunistic predatory behaviour in Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) tadpoles. Curr Sci 2017, 112(8), 1755-9.

Authors report in situ and ex situ observations on interand intra-specific predatory behaviour in tadpoles of the common Asian toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus. In situ D. melanostictus tadpoles feed on conspecific eggs, tadpoles of various developmental stages and adult carrion as well as dead heterospecific (Fejervarya orissaensis and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) tadpoles. Predation of weak, feebly swimming larvae and metamorphs in seminatural habitats under optimum conditions seems to be an opportunistic behaviour and diet enrichment, which needs additional support. The observations support earlier reports indicating gradual desiccation, food shortage, competition and density as the probable factors of predation in temporary habitats.

3 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

016739   Kumbar S M;Lad S B (Zoology Dep, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Palus-416 310, Email: smkumbar@rediffmail.com) : Estimation of age and longevity of freshwater fish Salmophasia balookee from otoliths, scales and vertebrae. J envir Biol 2016, 37(5), 943-7.

Age and longevity of freshwater fish Salmophasia balookee was assessed by comparing otoliths, scales and vertebrae ring counts. One to five growth rings consisting of growth zones and lines of arrested growth (LAGs) were noticed in different body sized fishes. Out of 134 fish, 9 (6.97%) fish were in the first year growth, 31 (23.13%) in second year, 59 (44.03%) in third year, 27 (20.15%) in fourth year and 5 (5.97%) fish in the fifth year growth. Comparative study showed that scale ring counts (SRC) was under estimated the age as compared to the otolith ring counts (ORC) and vertebrae ring counts (VRC). The percent agreement between otolith and scale ages were 88.81% and otolith and vertebrae ages was 99.25%. The results of the present study indicate that otoliths and vertebrae are most suitable aging materials as compared to scales in S. balookee.

3 tables, 29 ref

016738   Kamel S;Cherif A (Biology Dep, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, Univ of Mohamed-Cherif Messaadia, Souk Ahras, Algeria, Email: kamel_ba23@yahoo.fInsecticides) : Effect of two insecticides "Imidacloprid and Chlorpyrifos" on male quail coturnix japonica. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(1), 189-201.

Birds may be at risk of poisoning by insecticides sprayed in the fields. To evaluate this risk, 40 male quails (Coturnix japonica) were randomly divided into five equal groups, and then daily exposed to oral concentrations of Chlorpyrifos (1/10 and 1/20) and Imidacloprid (1/10 and 1/20), according to the agricultural doses used, for seven consecutive weeks. Total body weight, tests volume and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, total proteins, thyroxin and testosterone were determined at the first, the third and the seventh weeks. Results indicated a significant decrease in total body weight, accompanied with a significant increase of testicular volume in all treated groups. No changes were noted concerning the level of triglycerides during the experimental period with all doses. A clear augmentation of cholesterol level was seen in the first and the seventh week of birds treated with Chlorpyrifos and Imidacloprid, respectively. Glucose concentration has increased generally at the beginning of the - 133 - experiment, but it declined during the last week in both insecticides applied.A significant decrease of total proteins level of all exposed groups during the first week, whereas in the third week their levels were low only with (1/20) Chlorpyrifos and (1/10) Imidacloprid. Thyroxin concentration in Imidacloprid exposed groups was noticeably higher in the higher dose and lower in the lower dose after one week, while that of testosterone level was only low in Chlorpyrifos doses at the end of the experiment, despite the increased testicular volume. To conclude, both insecticides has affected quails' reproduction with different degrees.

8 illus, 46 ref

016737   Ikram M;Yousuf M (Forest Entomology Div, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehra Dun-248 006, Email: mohsin3757@gmail.com) : Description of a new species of Lathromeroidea girault (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea : Trichogrammatidae) from Haryana, India. J Envir Biosci 2016, 30(2), 523-4.

A new species of Lathromeroidea Girault (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) Lathromeroidea hisarensis sp. nov. is described, based on the female hologype, collected from Hisar, Haryana, India.

7 illus, 10 ref

016736   Haque S;Mondal K (NO, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723 104, Email: kausik.mondal2007@gmail.com) : Evaluation of acute toxicity and behavioural studies of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to cypermethrin. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(1), 55-8.

Synthetic pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin was used in a short term experiment to determine the acute toxicity. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) adults were chosen for the bioassay experiments. The experiments were repeated three times and the 96-h LC50 value was determined for the adults. The static test method of acute toxicity test was used. Data obtained from the cypermethrin acute toxicity tests were evaluated using the probit analysis statistical method. The 96-h LC50 value was found to be 6.2 μg/L. In addition, behavioural changes at each cypermethrin concentration were observed for the individual fish.

1 table, 15 ref

016735   Haldar K;Gantait V V (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipur, Kolkata-700 053, Email: keya1haldar@gmail.com) : Diversity and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes associated with medicinal plants in West Bengal, India. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(1), 75-9.

Nematode, commonly known as round worm, is considered as one of the major constraint of medicinal plants which can compromise the quality and quantity of their healing properties and their yield. In West Bengal, more than 550 plant species are found to be used medicinally. - 132 - But, so far only a few species of medicinal plants have been found to be associated with plant parasite nematides. Till date, 17 species of nematodes belonging to 10 genera and 9 families under two orders Dorylaimida and Tylenchida have been recorded so far from West Bengal. The diversity and district-wise distribution of those species along with affected medicinal plants in the state are presented in this paper. This will give an idea by which controlling measures may be taken against those hidden and noxious pest of different medicinal plants to eradicate or minimize the damages caused by them.

1 table, 19 ref

016734   Goswami G;Singh D (Zoology & Biotechnology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar - Garhwal-246 174, Email: singh_dr.deepak@yahoo.com) : Dynamics of aquatic insects in the Mandakini river of Uttarakhand, India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 330-8.

Aquatic insects are very important for aquatic ecosystem contributing mostly as secondary producers and also bioindicators determining the health of the ecosystem. River ecosystems of Himalaya experience flash floods every year destroying the aquatic biodiversity. Biodiversity lost due to flash floods in monsoon recovers soon. Keeping in view the importance of diversity and paucity of information on benthic insects diversity of Mandakini river, the present work was conducted. River Mandakini is a perennial and glacier fed tributary of river Alaknanda which originates from Chaurabari glacier above the Kedarnath peaks (6940m. a.s.l.). Three sampling sites, Kund (998m a.s.l.), Agastmuni (760m a.s.l.) and Rudraprayag (620m. a.s.l.) were selected for the study. Sampling for benthic insects and physico-chemical parameters were done every month from January 2014 to December 2014. Aquatic insects belonging to 7 orders and 28 families were found in Mandakini river. Trichoptera was found to be the most abundant order (36%) followed by Ephemeroptera (32%) and Diptera (26%). Aquatic insect diversity was found to be maximum (3.462±0.400) in winter reflecting good quality of river water and minimum (1.269±0.855) in rainy season due to high water velocity, high amount of silt, low transparency and disturbed sibstratum due to frequent flash foods in monsoon. The high density and diversity of aquatic insects in winter was attributed to low water velocity, high transparency, optimum water temperature, high dissolved oxygen, low turbidity and suitable composition of bottom substrates. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index reaching above 3.0 in winter indicated a good recovery of the benghic insect population. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that a myriad of physico-chemical factors like dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, free CO₂, pH water transparency, water velocity, water temperature, total hardness and dissolved phosphates affect the benthic insects abundance.

3 illus, 3 tables, 43 ref

016733   Garia A;Goswami D;Kaushal B R (Zoology Dep, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002, Email: brkaushal01@gmail.com) : Diversity and abundance of Lepidoptera in pine forest of Kumaun Himalaya. J Envir Biosci 2016, 30(2), 477-80.

Species richness, abundance and biomass and species diversity of Lepidoptera in a pine forest of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand were determined during August 2013 to July 2015. A total of 34 species belonging to 9 families were collected. Maximum abundance and biomass were 31 ind. ha^-1 and 3580 mg ha^-1, respectively. Family Nymphalidae was the dominant family in terms of number of species (41.2%) while family Pieridae was dominant in terms of number of individuals (39.8%) collected. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 0 to 0.28 and Evenness (E) ranged from 0 to 0.033 indicating lower values were due to lower number of species and individuals recorded.

3 tables, - 131 -

016732   Ganguly A;Das D N (Zoology Dep, Achhruram Memorial College, Jhalda-732 202, Email: arijitganguly87@yahoo.co.in) : Gut anatomy and food preference of Aborichthys kempi: a potential ornamental stream loach from Arunachal Pradesh. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(1), 49-54.

Aborichthys kempi is a stream loach from Arunachal Pradesh having ornamental value. The present work attempts to document the gut anatomy and food preference of A. kempi for the first time with the objective to enlighten its feeding ecology which may facilitateits sustainable rearing practice. Fishes were caught throughout the year and sacrificed in order to obtain the length of esophagous, stomach and intestine. Although presence of a prominent stomach and short intestine primarily pointed to a carnivorous habit of this fish, results of relative gut length (RGL) and Zihler's Index (ZI) could not precisely confirm the same. Later, their stomach contents were examined and documented. While presence of both phytoplanktons and zooplanktons indicated towards its omnivorous habit, the presence of a huge number of zooplanktons, insects and other arthropod debris confirmed their preference to carnivory. However, there is a possibility that the species is primarily a carnivore, and ingestion of phytoplanktons was accidental during preying upon any large organism.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

016731   Ganga S;Bindhu V R;Dayanandan S (Zoology Dep, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 034, Email: gaangoos@gmail.com) : Insecticidal effect of medicinal plant on DNA fragmentation of the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchide). J ent Res 2016, 40(4), 365-8.

Acetone extract of Citrus linon leaf was assessed to demonstrate its toxic effect on the stored insect pest, Callosobruchus chinensis. Significant changes in the DNA of adult Callosobruchus chinensis were observed when treated with its dose of 1.6% indicating the presence of active components in the plant leaves.

1 illus, 15 ref

016730   El-Ela A A A;Kariman M M;Abdelaleim Y F (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum-63514, Egypt, Email: aaa11@fayoum.edu.eg) : Study of pathogenicity and antibiotic effect on bacterial strains associated with Bombyx mori L. J ent Res 2016, 40(4), 327-32.

Results revealed that only two bacterial strains amongst five isolates were pathogenic, identified as Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus circulans. The LC₅₀ of Bacillus megaterium were 9.9 x 10⁵ and 2.9 x 10⁶ while the LC₅₀ of Bacillus circulans were 8.65 x 10⁶ and 2.2 x 10⁷ cfu/ml for forth and fifth larval instars of silkworm, respectively. Further, fourth larval instar was more sensitive than the fifth depending on the values of relative sensitivity between the two tested instars. Antimicrobial activity of antibiotics by disc diffusion method showed that all isolates were very sensitive against three antibiotics, (Noroxin, Tarivi D and Flumox).

1 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

016729   Devi P;Chopra G (Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: parm.jakhar@gmail.com) : Prevalence of birds in different habitats in Hisar, Haryana. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2017, 8(2), 5477-82.

The present study was aimed at assessing the bird diversity in different habitat i.e., urban and rural residential localities, aquatic habitats, agricultural fields and roadside plantation in and around city Hisar, Haryana (29.17°N and 75.72°E). To observe the prevalent avian species, Lines Transect and Point Count methods were used. Analysis of recorded data revealed that the order Passeriformes was most dominant in all selected habitats except aquatic habitat where order Ciconiiformes was dominant. Relatively higher bird diversity (38 bird species belonging to 11 orders) was recorded in agricultural fields as compare to other habitats due to easy availability of food and nesting sites as well as dense protective cover. Traffic on the road had a direct effect on the - 130 - prevalence of birds on the flora on roadside plantations.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

016728   Dayakrishna;Arya M K;Joshi P C;Kishor Kumar (Insect Biodiversity Lab, Zoology Dep, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002, Email: dr.manojkumar19@rediffmail.com) : Variation in distribution, density and diversity of grasshoppers (Insecta: Orthoptera) in different habitats of Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India. J Envir Biosci 2016, 30(2), 275-81.

Distribution, density and diversity of Orthopterans in different habitats of Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India, were studied during 2013-15. A total of 641 individuals of Orthopterans belonging to 19 species and 3 families were recorded. Acrididae was the most dominant family with 15 species and constituted 78.95% of the total species of Orthopterans followed by Pyrgomorphidae with 3 species which constituted 15.79% and Gryllidae with one species which constituted 5.26% respectively. On the basis of a total number of individuals recorded, Acrida exaltata (Walker) was the ost abundant species in the study area followed by Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker) and sphingonotus longipennis Saussure, respectively. On the other hand, Aularches milliaris (Linnaeus), Oedaleus sp. and Spathosternum prasiniferum (Walker) were the less abundant species during the study period. Temperature and rainfall significantly influenced the Orthopterans density across the study period. During both the years, maximum popultion density was recorded in the month of August (9.83 ha^-1), while minimum in the month of February (1.33 ha^-1). Shannon index of diversity across the two years of study for the Orthopterans was 2.37 and 2.11 during 2014-2015, respectively. Species richness and diversity varied across different habitats and showed their maximum values in undisturbed sites.

6 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

016727   Datta U;Ambia M G;Bhattacharya S;Dey S R (Zoology Dep, Berhampore Girls' College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, Email: srdey1@rediffmail.com) : Observations on biology of freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck, 1882): an important requisite for - 129 - commercial cultivation. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(1), 123-30.

Most widespread and ecologically important freshwater snail species in India is Bellamya bengalensis. This species serves as food item of some carnivore fishes, many aquatic birds and mammals and also is consumed by people as their daily food. The present work is concentrated on their food, feeding behaviour, fecundity, reproduction, parental care, growth and development as well as symbiotic relationship with a specific kind of algae and population dynamics. The temperature tolerance, pH tolerance and habitat preference of this species are also studied.

10 illus, 21 ref

016726   Das N (Zoology Dep, Nabadwip Vidyasagar College, Post-Nabadwip, Dist. - Nadia-741 302, Email: dnirmalya75@gmail.com) : Faunistic study of genus Chironomus miegen (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Darjeeling Himalaya, India. J envir Sociobiol 2016, 13(1), 95-8.

The dipteran family Chironomidae is commonly as "non-biting midges" which occur in all zoo-geographical regions on earth including Antarctica. In the study area of the Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal, presently 10 species belonging to the genus Chironomus Miegen, viz., Chironomus crassiforceps (Kieffer), C. filitarsis Kieffer, C. fortistylus Chaudhuri, Das and Sublette, C. indiaensis Martin, C. javanus Kieffer, C. leptochirus Kieffer, C. lobaticeps Kieffer, C. pulcher Wiedemann, C. ramosus Chaudhuri, Das and Sublette and C. striatipennis Kieffer have been collected and reported hereunder from freshwater habitats in the montane, submontane and adjacent planes.

1 table, 15 ref

016725   Das D (Biodiversity Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Ramkrishna Mahavidyalaya, Kailashahar, Tripura) : New distribution record of peacock royal butterfly Tajuria cippus cippus (Fabricius, 1798) (Lepidoptera: lycaenidae) from Tripura, North-East India. J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(4), 53-6.

During the documentation of butterfly diversity in the west district of Tripura, North East India the Peacock Royal butterfly Tajuria cippus cippus (Fabricius, 1798) was identified for the first time from Tripura province of Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Therefore, one new species of butterfly (Lepidoptera) was added to the Tripura faunal records.

5 illus, 28 ref

016724   Bhushan S;Vikas;Jaiswar A K (NO, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri(W), Mumbai-400 061, Email: sbhushan35@gmail.com) : Taxonomic note on Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus (Dutt & Rao 1965) (family: Paralichthyidae, order: Pleuronectiformes) from north-west coast of India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 278-81.

Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus is the only species under genus Cephalopsetta reported from India to Gulf of Oman and Andaman Sea. In India, the species is reported from both, the east and west coasts. For the first time, the species was described by Dutt and Rao in 1965 from Visakhapatnam, India. They named it as Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus based on large spot (ocellus) on pelvic fin. In the present communication, a specimen with two distinct ocelli collected from Veraval, Gujarat coast of India, is described.

5 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

016723   Atia M;Alshehri M;Alfaifi M;shakor A B A (Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Assiut Univ, Assiut 71516, Egypt, Email: eltayeb702002@yahoo.com ) : Repressive effect of curcumin against 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4, 5-f] quinoline induced hepato- and immunotoxicity in mice. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(6), 365-71.

The mutagenic heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), produced during cooking of protein rich foods is known to affect liver. Curcumin, a component of turmeric Curcuma longa L., is a safe agent characterized with powerful therapeutic potential. In this study, we explored the possible protective role of curcumin against IQ induced liver damages on immunological, serological, inflammatory and apoptotic levels. Mice were administered IQ alone or IQ and curcumin together for 1, 15 and 30 days. Our results revealed that IQ exerts time dependent down regulation of p53 and upregulation of bcl2 in mice liver, no significant changes were observed in bax and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Curcumin co-administration increased the levels of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and reduced the level of Bcl2 compared with - 128 - their levels in IQ treated mice. In addition, it was found that curcumin co-administration protects against IQ-induced modulations of some selected serum proteins, leucocytes percentage and cytokines level. Also, the curcumin protected liver cells from IQ-induced inflammation as detected by mRNA level of the inflammatory marker Ccl5. We conclude that the dietary curcumin is a powerful repressive natural agent against IQ-induced liver injury.

5 illus, 33 ref

016722   Athira P;Ranjini K R;Nambiar J G;Ranjini K D; Najiya Beegum T P (P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Malabar Christian College, Calicut-673 001, Email: ranjini.k.r45@gmail.com ) : Toxicity effect of Cassia fistula Linn. and Gliricida sepium Jacq. leaf extract against the fourth instar larvae of filarial mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae). J ent Res 2016, 40(4), 369-72.

The filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is mainly associated with the spread of filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti that causes filariasis or elephantiasis in human beings. In the present investigation the efficacy of the methanolic leaf extracts of Cassia filtula and Gliricidia sepium on the truth instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus was carried out. Both botanicals showed larvicidal effect but the efficacy of C. fistula was greater than that of G. sepium.

2 tables, 16 ref

016721   Al-Malki J S (Biology Dep, Science Collage, Taif Univ, KSA, Email: shamlanj@yahoo.com) : Epidemylogical and histopathological studies of haemonchuscontortus among goats in Taif, KSA. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(1), 161-74.

Hemonchosis is a very common disease in small ruminants caused by Haemonchuscontortus, a blood sucking parasite causing anaemia that may be fatal particularly to young animals. The - 127 - present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Haemonchusspp in slaughtered goats at Taif abattoir located in the KSA. A total of 351 abomasum from slaughtered animals were examined from March 2012 to August 2013. The result revealed that the percent of infestation with Haemonchusspp was higher in imported breed (9.18%) than in native breed (5.16%). The percent of infection were 5.34% and 4.17% in male and female goats respectively. Relationship between age and rate of infestation with haemonchosis were found (4.17), (7.14), (8.69) and (3.75) percent in native breed goats aged, 6-12 month, 1-1.5 years, 1.5-2 years and over 2 years respectively. While, the rate of the infestation was found (9.30), (8.33), (12.96) and (3.70) percent in imported breed goats aged, 6-12 month, 1-1.5 years, 1.5-2 years and over 2 years respectively. Seasonal incidence revealed that the highest percentage was recorded during summer season (12.5), while the lowest was recorded during the Spring season (4.20). The relationship between total incidence and months showed that the highest was recorded in July (17.14) and the lowest percent was in April (1.64). On microscopic examination, infiltration of mononuclear cells and eosinophils in gastric glands, periglandular hyperemia and hemorrhage, mucous gland hyperplasia, connective tissue proliferation and necrosis were observed.

9 illus, 5 table, 54 ref

015819   Vanjare A I;Panikar C A V N;Padhye S M (Zoology Dep, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar-414 001, Email: sameer.m.padhye@gmail.com) : Species richness estimate of freshwater rotifers (Animalia: Rotifera) of western Maharashtra, India with comments on their distribution. Curr Sci 2017, 112(4), 695-8.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

015818   Usman K;et. al. (Zoology Dep, Hazara Univ, Mansehra, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) : Monitoring of mosquito fauna (Insecta: Diptera) from Chokara district Karak Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(4), 29-31.

A study on mosquito fauna of the Chokara area of District Karakwas carried out for the period of 3 years from January 2013 to January 2016. Mature and immature (malefemales) mosquito fauna was collected from the selected zone of the study. A total number of 3479 mosquitoes belonging to 8 species of 3 genera were identified by keys and available literature. The dominant Genus was Culex and Anopheles with having 37.5% each and was followed by the one important vector Aedes with (25%). The species collected and identified were Culex quinquefasciatus, C. mimeticus, C. theileri, Anophelesmaculates, A. stephens, A. annularis, Aedesalbopictus and A. shortii. From the current survey, it can be concluded that this zone (Chokara) of the District inhabits variety fauna of mosquito. Proper controlling steps should be taken to stop further growth of mosquito's population otherwise it may be very harmful in the disease spreading like Malaria and Dengue fever.

1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

015817   Tyagi V;Sharma A K;Veer V (Medical Entomology Division, Defence Board Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam) : Evidence of genetic polymorphism in Aedes aegypti population from Delhi, India. Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(4), 58-63.

Aedes aegypti is a domestic mosquito found mainly inside and around the house causes biting nuisance and also a vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika virus worldwide including India. Overall mosquito-borne diseases have re-emerged as a significant human health problem due to a number of factors, including the lack of progress in vaccine development, the emergence of drug resistance in pathogens and insecticides resistance in mosquitoes. An alternative strategy for vector control could be to exploit observed genetic variability in the vector populations. In the present study RAPD primers were used to understand the genetic polymorphism present in the Aedes aegypti populations collected from various locations in Delhi. A total of 50 RAPD primers were screened. Among these, the primer OPAK 12 was selected for further study on the basis of the clear, concrete and scorable fingerprint obtained by it. The statistical analysis was done with the help of POPGENE 1.31 using 17 bands or loci representing each population. The average genetic - 138 - distances between the populations was 0.5624 ranging from 0.1252-1.1015. The consensus tree generated using the software showed two clusters which are branched as per their geographical distances. In conclusion we propose that our results on RAPD profiles provide evidence that there are enough and significant variations in the genomes of field collected populations from distant locations and the genetic pattern obtained in its various forms appears to be a major differentiating and orienting force for molecular changes in DNA across different populations.

3 illus, 3 table, 35 ref

015816   Sukumaran S;Arunachalam A;Maheswaran R (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Periyar Univ, Salem-636 011, Email: mahes1380@gmail.com) : Lepidopteran diversity with special refernce to butterflies in the butterfly safari park at Thenmala, Kerala. J appl Zool Res 2017, 28(1), 51-7.

The present study was carried out to document the abundance (number of individuals) and richness (number of species) of butterflies in Butterfly Safari Park at Thenmala Ecotourism in Kollam District of Kerala. The study area exhibited rich butterfly diversity. A total of 22 butterfly species was recorded, and the highest number of butterflies was belonging to the family of Papilionidae (9), followed by Nymphalidae (6), Lycaenidae (3), Pieridae (2) and Hesperidae (2). This safari park created artificially by the Entomology Department of Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI), part of the Western Ghats in Southern India. This will need proper conservation strategies including floral diversity among other factors.

1 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

015815   Rao S;Annapurna M C;Bhanu C V (Zoology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: annapurna.chandrabhotla@gmail.com) : New records of Thracia adenensis, Melvill, 1898 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Thraciidae) from India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(3), 624-8.

Thracia adenensis (Melvill, 1898), a bivalve formerly known only from Gulf of Aden and Arab east was recorded for the first time from India during October 2006. While dredging the epifauna, four living adults of T. adenensis species were discovered in Nizampatnam Bay, Bay of Bengal, East coast of India. Re-description of the species along with its geographical distribution were presented in this paper. This record will contribute to the molluscan checklist of Indian seas.

3 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

015814   Panigrahi D;Nayak A;Behera K S (NO, Agalpur P.S College, Balangir, Under QUAT, Bhubaneswar-751 003) : Effect of herbicides on insects and spiders on rice. J appl Zool Res 2017, 28(1), 63-7.

Besides weeds, herbicides can act upon other species, causing serious side effects on non-target organisms. Seven commonly recommended herbicides in rice viz., Metsufuron methyl + Chlorimuron, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, Azimsulfuron, Pretilachlor, Bispyribac sodium, Bensulfuron methyl + Pretilachlor and Penoxulam along with weedy and weed free checks were included in a trial to study their effect on non-target fauna under field condition at Subanpur, Odisha during kharif 2013 and 2014. Results indicated that maximum gundhi bug population (11.5 insects sweep^-1) was observed in metsulfuron methyl 10% + chlorimuron ethyl treated plots followed by Pretilachor treated plots - 137 - (8.0 insects sweep^-1), weedy plots (7.5 insects sweep^-1) indicating positive effect on this pest. Application of Metsufuron methyl + Chlorimuron (Almix) had a positive effect on gundhi bug population which could be due to reduced population of spiders in this treatment. Results also indicated that among the herbicides studied, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl was less toxic to predatory spiders.

2 table, 9 ref

015813   Pande A (Zoology Dep, Govt. S.S.A. College, Sihora, Madhya Pradesh, Email: dr.arunapande@gmail.com) : Homing behaviour in female crossoprizalyoni. Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 221-2.

Crossoprizalyoni is a cellar spider and is a wide spread species. They also known as tailed cellar or tailed daddy long legs spiders. Crossopriza makes webs in corners of rooms, below roofs, in basement etc. in human houses. Very clear sexual dimorphism is found in this spider. In this study it was observed that male spider was wandering but female wants to live in her web until she is not disturbed by other spider or human beings.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

015812   Mamta Kumari (Zoology Dep, Gaya Evening College, M. U. Bodh Gaya, Bihar, Email: drmamtakrishna@gmail.com) : Effect of furadan (A carbamate pesticide) on histopathology of gills in Channa punctatus (Bloch). Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 159-60.

Studies on toxic effect of Furadan (a carbamate pesticide) on histopathology of gill edible air breathing fish, Channa punctatus have been made. The LC₅₀ values of furadan were calculated to be 1.25, 1.12.0.99 and 0.91 ppm respectively for 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h and its regression equatior for 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h are y = -4.50 + 49.2 X; y = 4.54 + 44 X; y = 1.26 + 34 X and y = -6.9 + 28 X respectively. The dose or the test concentration for chronic exposure of furadan was determined by adopting the formula of Hhart et al. (1945) which explain as C = 48 hours LC₅₀ X A/S² and S = 24 hours LC₅₀ values/48 hours LC₅₀ the safe concentration suggested in the present study may help to minimize water pollution by both the pesticides.

1 illus, 10 ref

015811   Kushwaha S K;Singh S P (Zoology Dep, Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drshiveshsingh20004@yahoo.co.in) : Some records of moths with their diagnostic characters from Maihar block of district Satna (M.P.). Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 217-20.

The paper deals with the study of 15 species of moths belonging of 15 genera under 06 families of moths collected from different localities of Maihar Block, Satna district. All the species are recorded for the first time from this area. The moths are members of order Lepidoptera, which are very familiar to human, on account of their beautiful colouration, size and plant relationships.

2 tables, 25 ref