015810   Elayidam U G (NO, VTM NSS College, Univ of Kerala, Dhanuvachapuram, Email: drgayathrizoology.vtm@gmail.com) : Metamorphic commitment induced haemolymph protein pattern of common mormon butterfly, Papilio polytes. J appl Zool Res 2017, 28(1), 59-62.

Metamorphosis comprises remarkable alteration in shape and function of organs, tissues and individual cells. Sesquiterpenoid Juvenile hormone (JH) and the steroid molting hormone (Ecdysone) are two important classes of endocrine biomolecules involved in regulating growth and fascinating metamorphosis in insects. The cells become committed in reaction to Ecdysone in the absence of JH by a positive signal such as JH acid, informs the cells that the time has come to metamorphosis. The haemolymph protein pattern studies were conducted in Papilio polytes in order to identify the changes during metamorphosis after pupal commitment.

2 illus, 14 ref

015809   Catenacci L;Nunes-neto J;Castro F C;Lemos P; Oyama E;Deem S L;Travassos-Da-Rosa E (NO, Federal Univ of Piaui State, Professora Cinebelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, 64900-000/PI, Brazil) : New records of mosquito species (Diptera culicidae) for Bahia (Brazil). Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(4), 12-16.

Authors provide seven new identified mosquitoes in the Bahia State, Brazil: Coquillettidia nigricans, Johnbelkinia longipes, Limatus pseudomethysticus, Psorophora albipes, Sabethes belisarioi, Sabethes cyaneus and Sabethes quasicyaneus. This new finding which expands the known distribution of these seven species of mosquitoes, is of great importance as we work for the development of preventive measures for arboviruses in Brazil and globally. In other regions of the world, the culicids we report are known vectors of important arboviruses of human and non-human animal concern, including yellow fever, Saint Louis encephalitis, equine encephalitis, Guama, Una, Mayaro, wyeomyia and Kairi viruses, and may play a role in the epidemiology of these diseases in Bahia as well. Our work also highlights the paucity of data on the insect diversity in different environments in Brazil.

1 illus, 2 table, 30 ref

015808   Allotey J;Randome I;Morobe I C;Monnakopo P (Biological Sciences Dep, Botswana Univ, Gaborone, Botswana, Email: alloteyj@mopipi.ub.bw) : Fly maggots (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Muscidae) and associated microorganisms in a Gaborone. J appl Zool Res 2017, 28(1), 37-44.

Synathropic species of flies carry pathogenic organisms that result in diseases such as bacillary dysentery, salmonellosis, cholera and - 135 - diarrhea. Microorganisms associated with fly maggots were isolated and identified in the present study in Gaborone. Fly maggots were collected randomly from four geographical areas of Gaborone i.e. Tlokweng, Ledumang, University of Botswana campus and Maruapula. The external and internal microbes of the fly maggots were isolated and examined microscopically. Determination of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic plate counts were conducted. Tests for yeasts and molds were also done. Biochemical characterization, identification and confirmation of microbial isolates were done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) and Vitek II. Colony counts ranged from 1.4 x 10³ to 8.3 x 10³ colony forming units (CFU/g). Salmonella spp. was a common isolate in all the geographical areas while Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Citrobacter braakii were only identified in maggots from Tlokweng. The most common species of flies in Gaborone identified from the maggots were Chrysomyia megacephala and Musca domestica, and few Syrphid spp. The microorganism isolated from the maggots of these flies can be given as Salmonella spp., Salmonella arizonae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Citrobacter braakii with Salmonella spp. as the dominant species.

1 illus, 5 table, 11 ref

015807   Akande-Grillo H T;Nzelibe H C (Biochemistry Dep, Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria) : Larvicidal activity of extracts of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J Lam on Aedes vittatus bigot and culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: Culicidae). Int J Mosquito Res 2017, 4(4), 32-6.

Crude extracts of Dacryodes edulis seed and leaf were tested on Aedes vittatus and Culex quinquefasciatus late third and early fourth instar larvae. The ethanol extract of the seed gave mortality of 70.6% against the larvae of Aedes vittatus at 48 hours while the ethanol and hexane extract of the seed gave values of 74.6% against Culex quinquefasciatus. The hexane extract of the leaf produced the highest mortality at 48 hours with 70.6% against Aedes vittatus while the ethanol and hexane extracts of the leaf gave significant mortality of 82.67 and 93.3% respectively against Culex quinquefasciatus. LC50 values of the ethanol extract of the seed was 150.54 and 110.18ppm at 48 hours against Aedes vittatus and Culex quinquefasciatus respectively and the hexane extract of the leaf gave 1177 and 508.28ppm against Aedes vittatus and Culex quinquefasciatus also at 48 hours.

8 table, 27 ref

014777   Yakub A S;Balogun K J;Adedipe J A (Biological Oceanography Dep, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victorial Island, Lagos, Nigeria) : Study of zooplankton distribution in two contiguous coastal water bodies within barrier-lagoon complex, Southwest Nigeria. Ann Biol Res 2016, 7(9), 22-9.

Distributions of zooplankton in Badagry Creek and Ologe Lagoon in the western part of Barrier-lagoon Complex, western Nigeria were investigated. Zooplankton samples were collected at five stations in each of the - 101 - water bodies in September 2011, February and May 2012 and analysed using standard methods. In Badagry Creek, where salinity ranged from 2.00 ± 3.8% to 3.85 ± 4.48%, zooplankton community was dominated by copepods while Ologe Lagoon with entirely freshwater condition had rotifers as the dominant zooplankton taxa. Other zooplankton recorded in the water bodies belonged to the phyla Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Ciliophora and Protozoa. In Badagry Creek, calanoid copepods were the most prevalent zooplankton while plomoid rotifers dominated Ologe Lagoon. The two water bodies had low zooplankton abundance and species diversity in the month of September relative to what were recorded in February and May. Abundance and distributions were relatively uniform within the five stations in Badagry creek. However in Ologe lagoon, two stations that are close to municipal wastes discharge points with low dissolved oxygen and high biochemical oxygen demand had low zooplankton abundance and diversity especially in September. The need and desirability of regulating the anthropogenic activities for sustainable management of the water bodies are discussed.

1 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

014776   Tiple A D;Gathalkar G N;Talmale S S (Zoology Dep, Vidyabharti College, Seloo, Wardha 442104, Maharashtra, Email: ashishdtiple@yahoo.co.in) : New record of dragonfly Ictinogomphus angulosus (Selys, 1854) from state Maharashtra, India. Ambient Sci 2014, 1(2), 56-8.

Dragonflies are very conspicuous and brightly colored insects have long, slender abdomen, commonly known as aerial predators, hunting by sight. These are mostly found around the vicinity of freshwater habitats like rivers, streams, marshes, lakes and even small pools and rice fields. As predators it plays an important role in wetland and terrestrial food chains.Dragonflies are reliable indicators of overall ecosystem health, and also good Bio control agents.

1 illus, 26 ref

014775   Soares D;Niemiller M L;Higgs D (Biology Dep, Maryland Univ, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Email: daph@umd.edu) : Hearing and acoustic communication in cavefishes. Ambient Sci 2014, 1(1), 1-6.

The constant darkness of caves and other subterranean habitats imposes sensory constraints that offer a unique opportunity to examine how sensory modalities evolve. Adaptations to the underground environment represent replicate natural evolutionary experiments to a similar extreme environment, as many species have evolved similar morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to survive in perpetual darkness and limited resource. Although fish hearing has been studied for over a century and all fish up to date have been shown to be able to hear sounds, hearing in cavefishes has not been well explored. Moreover, despite the diversity of sound-generating mechanisms that have evolved across the Teleostei, acoustic communication was not demonstrated in any cavefish species. Here we review the evidence for hearing in fishes, and particularly in cavefishes. We also discuss our own results in the group Amblyopsids. We chose to study the Amblyopsids because they are a small phylogenetic group with a large portion of its diversity comprised by cavefish, and its phylogeny well understood.

29 ref

014774   Siraj S;Masarat S;Bashir M;Gudoo M Y;Mir M F (Zoology Dep, S.P College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir) : Morphometric characters of Cyprinus carpio collected from Dal lake, Kashmir, India. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(4), 8-11.

Morphometeric characters of 75 samples of Cyprinus carpio collected from three basins of Dal Lake, namely Hazratbal basin, Nigeen basin and Gagribal basin were studied. Eighteen characters have been studied in percentage of total fish length and five in percentage of head length. The morphometric characters were classified into genetically (Narrow range), intermediate (Moderate range) and environmentally (Vast range) controlled characters. Characters belonging to the genetically controlled shows minimum range of variation, characters belonging to intermediate shows moderate range of variation and the characters belonging to environmentally controlled shows maximum range of variation. Statistical analysis was done between different morphometric characters of the fish.

1 - 100 - illu

014773   Singh N S;Singh D P;Lal D (Sandfly Research Lab, Lucknow Christian College, Lucknow-226 018, Email: naveendoris@rediffmail.com) : The sand fly fauna (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in high transmission areas of visceral Leishmaniasis in North India: special emphasis on Uttaranchal region. J ent Res 2016, 40(1), 65-72.

A total of 8,131 sand flies were collected with a female: male ratio of 5.6 : 4.4. Nine species were identified, of which 3 belonged to the genus Phlebotomus, 6 to Sergentomyia. The increase in leishmaniasis cases is due to a combination of multiple factors, involving changes in climate, human behaviours, vectors and reservoirs. The changing pattern of dispersal and the spatial distribution of sandflies to new locations are critical factors that may implicate an increased risk of human-vector contact. The results further revealed seasonal variation in sand fly prevalence, with the highest peak in July. Soil samples collected were characterized by alkaline (pH 7.6).

5 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

014772   Singh N;Ranjan R (NO, Zoological Survey of India, Genetic Plains Regional Centre, Sector-8, Bahadurpur Housing Colony, Patna-800 026, Email: nagill007@gmail.com) : Morphotaxonomy of three species of genus Bostra Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Pyralinae). J ent Res 0000, 40(3), 303-5.

Present study is related to the detailed interpretation of morphology and male genital attributes of three species of genus Bostra Walker (Pyralidae: Pyralinae) i.e., Bostra marginata Walker, Bostra vibicalis Lederer and Bostra denticulata Swinhoe. Besides the first time study on external male genitalia, new distributional areas have also been reported for the included species.

1 illus, 3 ref

014771   Singh M;Thakur S K (Biosciences Dep, Himachal Pradesh Univ, Shimla-171 005, Email: drmahender74@gmail.com) : Distributional record of orthopeteran diversity in the Pin Valley National Park, Western Himalaya. Bionotes 2017, 19(3), 113.

4 ref

014770   Sharma M;Singh D;Sharma A K (Zoology & Environmental Sciences Dep, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002) : Cytochrome oxidase I gene based identification of forensically important species of Indian flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J ent Res 0000, 40(2), 195-200.

Fauna found in and around the corpse is very crucial for the estimation of post mortem interval (PMI) i.e., the time elapsed since death. The collected fauna can be identified morphological by using various keys but problem arise when insects are morphologically similar or the body is broken or fragmented making it difficult for the taxonomists to identify the fauna. Amplification of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene is often tried as identification method. The use of 465 bp fragment of COI gene for identification of three forensically significant species of flesh flies in India has been illustrated.

2 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

014769   Shah P D;Thakkar N J;Mankodi P C (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002) : Comprehensive diversity study with few new records of sea anemones along the saurashtra coast, Gujarat. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(4), 12-18.

Cnidarians have high ecological importance because they associate with a vast variety of faunal species and often represented by high species diversity in reefs. Sea anemones are among the most diverse and successful members of the (Phylum: Cnidaria, Class: Anthozoan) subclass Hexacorallia, occupying benthic marine habitats across all depths and latitudes. Many species of sea anemones inhabit rocky shores, especially where there is tide pools in which remain submerged during low tide. The aim of this study was to present diversity and status of the Sea anemone from intertidal area of the Saurashtra coast. The Saurashtra coast which is the Northern part of Indian coastline is characterized by rocky, muddy and sandy intertidal zones harbouring rich and varied fauna which occupies a total stretch of 985 km. For the present study, some sampling sites along the Saurashtra coastline viz., Okha, Shivrajpur (Kachhighadi), Mithapur, Sutrapada, Vadodra-Jhala were selected. There were total 15 species of sea anemones belongs to 5 families and 10 genera were - 99 - recorded from these selected sites.

2 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

014768   Sanjaya Y;Suhara;Nilawati T S;Danus M A; Halimah M (Biology Education Dep, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia, Email: yayansanjaya229@gmail.com) : Influence of the three species of citrus on the length of the life cycle of Papilio memnon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). J ent Res 2016, 40(2), 139-43.

Study was conducted for determining the effect of consumption of three different host plant, namely Citrus sp., citrus amblycarpa and Citrus reticulata on the length of the life cycle of Papilio memnon. The data on the length of d ays required for each stage (eggs, larvae, and pupae) as well as morphological observartions on each stage, and morphometric measurements for imago were recorded. The length of the life cycle on Citrus sp., Citrus amblycarpa and Citrus reticulata was 48.6; and 48.3, respectively indicating no significant difference among the three plants.

3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

014767   Resmi S;Jayachandran K V (Fisheries Resource Management Dep, School of Fisheries Resource Management & Harvest Technology, Kerala, Kochi-682 506, Email: chandrankvj@gmail.com) : First report of Mesocyclops parentium holynska, 1997 (Copepoda : cyclopidae) from subterranean water source of Kerala, India and a checklist of such copepods. Ambient Sci 2014, 1(2), 47-55.

Freshwater copepods belong to 3 families out of 112 families under three orders, namely, Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida. Reports on the copepod representatives in subterranean habitats are rare. During the present study, two species of the genus Mesocyclops Sars, 1914, namely, M. parentium Holynska, 1997 and M. pehpeiensis Hu, 1943 have been reported from well waters which do not have any contact with open water systems from Perumbavoor and Navaikulam. The present paper is the report of these species from subterranean sources of waters and a preliminary checklist of such other species. M. parentium Holynska, 1997 has been re-described also. The two species reported in the present paper show subterranean /groundwater/well water as well as in open water occurrences are biologically interesting.

14 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

014766   Raseena Farsana V K;Sureshan P M; Manickavasagam (NO, Zoological Survery of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre (The Centre, Kozhikode-673 006, Email: babyrazin@gmail.com) : Description of a new species of Netomocera Boucek (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) from Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. J ent Res 2016, 40(3), 297-301.

New species of Pteromalidae, Netomocera maculata sp. nov. has been described from Eastern Ghats, Yercaud, Tamil Nadu, India. The affinities of new species with related species are discussed and a key to the world species has also been provided.

8 illus, 12 ref

014765   Rai J;Singh B (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim Univ, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok-737 102, Email: bisusingh22@yahoo.co.in) : Distribution of ABO blood groups and rhesus factor percentage frequencies amongst the polulations of Sikkim, India. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2017, 83(1), 217-22.

The incidence of ABO and Rh blood group has been found to vary in various populations. The present investigation was undertaken with the aim to study ABO blood group frequency amongst a subset of population of Sikkim. A total of 5098 individuals were included in the study out of which 215 were students of Department of Zoology, Sikkim University and Government College, Tadong, East Sikkim, 3000 individuals were from Rinchenpong and 1883 individuals were from Bermiok, Berfok, Berthang, Martam, Chingthang, Deythang, Hatidhunga, Samdong, Sangadorjee and Yangsum of West Sikkim. The data for ABO blood group were collected from the register of Primary Health Centre, Rinchenpong and others by documenting blood group of the individuals who have undergone routine blood group testing in diagnostic laboratories. SPSS software Version 8 was used to perform statistical analysis. The results were calculated as frequencies of each of the blood group, expressed as percentages. The frequency of blood group A (35.34%) was found to be the highest, followed by blood group O (35.18%), B (21.99%) and AB (7.49%). The results also indicated that 99.47% of individuals were Rh positive and 0.53% were Rh negative. One of the interesting findings in the present study is the absence of Rh negative individuals among Bhutia population. The study may give preliminary idea about blood group frequency distribution among the population of Sikkim.

4 tables, 22 ref

014764   Patwardhan A P (Zoology Dep, K.J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 077, Email: amolppatwardhan@gmail.com) : Butterflies of Sanjay Gandhi national park, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Ambient Sci 2014, 1(1), 7-15.

Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP) is spread over 103 sq km in Mumbai and Thane districts of Maharashtra, India. During the study I have sighted 142 species of butterflies with another 7 unconfirmed sightings. The butterflies recorded belong to Papilionidae (10 spp.), Pieridae (17 spp), Lycaenidae (47 spp.), Nymphalidae (40 spp.) and Hesperiidae (28 spp.). The study emphasizes the importance of this park as a hotspot which is surrounded by 17 million people.

5 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

014763   Mitra B;Bhaumik S;Chakraborti U;Mukhopadhyay D;Chakraborty K (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: bulganinmitra@gmail.com) : Updated list of the longhorn beetles of West Bengal (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae). Bionotes 0000, 19(3), 87-8.

1 table, 4 ref

014762   Kausar N;Mir R A;Jan U;Shah G M;Mir T A (Zoology Dep, Univ of Kashmir, Srinagar) : Comparative studies on breeding biology of Schizothorax esocinus and Schizothorax cuvifrons in natural conditions. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(4), 4-7.

The paper highlights results of experiments conducted on breeding biology of Schizothorax esocinus and Schizothorax curvifrons in natural conditions. Both the species are annual spawners with slightly different breeding periods and exhibiting migration to nearby upstream regions for spawning. Schizothorax esocinus breeds from ending March till July but the peak breeding season is Apri-May. Whereas the breeding season of Schizothorax curvifrons is from May till August but peak breeding season is May-June. Fecundity is significantly high in case of Schizothorax esocinus compared to Schizothorax curvifrons.

15 ref

014761   Jamali M M;Zeya S B (Zoology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Email: majidjamali1998@gmail.com) : Note on two new species Baeoentedon farazi Jamali & Zeya and Pomphale atturensis Jamali & Zeya (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Bionotes 2017, 19(3), 116.

1 ref

014760   Gupta R;Singh D;Sidhu I S (Zoology Dep, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Email: inderpalsidhu76@gmail.com) : Ptelocnemis obscura (Dallas): the only known species of the genus Ptelocnemis Stal (Hemiptera: Coreidae) from the oriental region. J ent Res 0000, 40(1), 109-11.

Ptelocnemis Stal is mainly Ethiopian in distribution and only one species of this genus has been reported from the Oriental region. A detailed account of morphological characters as well as female external genitalia of this species has been given in this paper. Photographs and measurements have also been provided.

7 illus, 6 ref

014759   Goyal T;Kirti J S (Agriculture Dep, Baba Farid College, Bathinda-151 001, Email: goyaltarun06@gmail.com) : Taxonomic studies on genus Cleora curtis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) along with a new species from Western Ghats of India. J ent Res 2016, 40(3), 307-12.

External male and female genitalic structures of three species under genus Cleora Curtis have been studied and illustrated in detail. Besides this, a new species has been described under this genus in this research paper. A key to the studied species has also been described.

4 illus, 16 ref

014758   Dutta S K (Zoology Dep, Govt PG College, Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhatisgarh-494 001, Email: dutta.sushil@yahoo.com) : Anuran fauna of bastar division of Chhattisgarh state, India. Ambient Sci 2015, 2(2), 31-8.

Bastar is the southernmost civil division of Chhattisgarh state in India. Amphibian fauna of this sparsely populated tribal division is poorly known. The present - 96 - piece of work has mainly been focused to tabulate the amphibian fauna of Indravati Basin so as to provide a base line data for more intensive studies of this group in the basin, lying mostly in the southern part of Chhattisgarh state. The present study evidenced 16 species belonging to 10 genera and 5 families of the order Anura from the Indravati basin. Habitats of each observed species has been briefed and in some cases the apparent morphological divergences have also been discussed.

014757   Dehghani R;Valizade R;Mahmoodi S (Social Determinants of Health Research Center and Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, Email: rohvali4@gmail.com) : Scorpion predators and the introduction of Scarites subterraneus, as a new predatory of them in Iran. J ent Res 2016, 40(3), 291-6.

The report discusses a predatory bettle feeds on scorpions, trapped under the rocks in the holes of scorpions' habitat around the suburbs of Kashan in the north of Esfahan province and Ize in the east of Khuzestan province in Iran. Furtherence to the fact, a sample was investigated in the laboratory of environmental health department, keeping in the special container of animate insects. The prominent characteristic of this species was its so sturdy and strong elytron difficult to be pierced, even the specific pin used in entomology, to generate inanimate samples for the collection. In a series of laboratory experiments on the beetle, a variety of animate scorpions were placed in the same container used to keep the beetle and observed that the Beetle attacked the Scorpions and fed on them. Armor-like elytron, cursorial legs and strengthful mandibles were the main characteristics of them. Such a strong mandible enables the beetle to rend the skin and the meat of the human hand. It was observed that it can be considered as a capable predator of scorpions since it lives only on the same habitat of these scorpions. Using the morphological parameters, this beetle was diagnosed as Scarites subterraneus species.

^iia7 illus, 45 ref

014756   Das D;Girish Kumar P (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: dipanwitazsi@gmail.com) : Description of a new species of Orientilla Lelej, 1979 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Dasylabrinae) from India. J ent Res 2016, 40(1), 113-16.

A new species, namely Orientilla jabalpurensis Das & Girish Kumar, has been described from Madhya Pradesh, India and compared with other similar described species. A checklist of the species of Orientilla from the Oriental region is provided.

6 illus, 4 ref

014755   Chowdhury A (Zoology Dep, East Calcutta Girls' College, Lake Town, Koklkata-700 089, Email: amitshampa84@rediffmail.com) : Some physiochemical properties of the casts of earthworm Metaphire posthuma from clay loam soil. Bionotes 2017, 19(3), 114-15.

2 tables, 9 ref

014754   Chandru K;Dutta S K;Gupta R P;Raha A (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: rpgbiology@gmail.com) : Diversity and conservational status of Avifauna in Bastar Plateau of Chhattisgarh, India. Ambient Sci 2015, 2(1), 31-43.

The present study aims at preparing a consolidated account on the avifaunal composition of Bastar plateau by compiling the information given in the past literatures and observations gathered during the present field work. Thus, a total of 304 species of birds belonging - 95 - to 194 genera under 63 families have been listed from the area including five birds recorded for the first time from Central India. Moreover, the list includes 15 Globally Threatened birds comprising three Critically Endangered, one Endangered, four Vulnerable and seven Near Threatened species. Further we identified the most biodiversity hotspot zones in the studied area and alert the state forest department for proper conservations of the same.

2 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

014753   Biswas T;Tripathy B;Valarmathi K;Sajan S K (NO, , Zoological Survey of India, B, M-Block, New-Alipore, Kolkata-53, Email: sksajan.sajan@gmail.com) : Taxonomy, distribution and conservation of Molluscs in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh: three new records from the state. Ambient Sci 2015, 2(2), 18-24.

The freshwater and land molluscs inventory survey was conducted in connection with our approved annual programme of research entitled "Species diversity and richness of molluscan fauna of Himachal Pradesh" From April 2012 to March 2015. During survey period we have collected 633 examples of Molluscs (both Land and Freshwater). Total 25 species are recorded from different district of Himachal Pradesh. Among 25 species eight species of molluscs have been recorded from the Kangra district. Physa acuta, Macrochlamys indica and Ariophanta interrupta have been recorded for the first time from Himachal Pradesh. A systematic taxonomic account, distribution and conservation status is discussed in this paper.

18 ref

014752   Bala Subramanyam V V;Imran Khan Y D;Kumari A K (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Ananathapuram, Andhra Pradesh) : Status of herpatofaunal diversity of Ramagiri east and west reserve forest of Ananthapuramu district, Andhra Pradesh. Int J Fauna biol Stud 0000, 4(4), 19-25.

Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, recommended an impact assessment study in view of the potential adverse impacts of windmill projects on terrestrial species of wildlife resulting from alternation and damage to habitats. In accordance with the broad terms of reference set by the Ministry, the present Herpatofaunal study was carried out in the proposed area of Windmill project and subsequently listed 30 reptile species belonging to 11 families. Varanus bengalensis and Python molurus Linnaeus, 1758 are the two reptile fauna belonging to SCHEDULE-I species of INDIAN WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972. Totally one year were spent in assessing the distribution of herpetofauna. Visual Encounter Survey Method was followed for the collection of data. IUCN status of Recorded Herpatofauna are mostly Lower Risk least Concern least concern (LR-lc). In this study only the density of identified species was specified and calculated based on the average percentage of sightings representing abundant (70 to 100%), common (50 to 70%), frequent (20 to 50%) and rare (0 to 20%). Anthropogenic activities like Forest fires, killing, hunting, and biotic stress like grazing and browsing are the major threats to the proposed wind power project in the Reserve forest area (East and West) of Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh.

4 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref

014751   Adesh Kumar;Kanaujja A (Zoology Dep, Univ of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Impact of community-based conservation on sarus crane Grus antigone: A case study. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2017, 4(4), 37-41.

Community-based conservation (CBC) encompasses several core principles, including: involving communities in decision-making; devolving control over resource management; developing community institutions for management; incorporating traditional or local knowledge; legitimizing community property rights; linking environment and development objectives; and providing incentives for conservation. In 2013- 2014, the study was done to assess how perceptions of the egg and nest destruction of Sarus crane might have changed over time. There were sustained high levels of support for conservation and positive perceptions of conservational activities on community. The Indian Sarus Crane (Grus antigone antigone), the world's tallest flying bird and a globally 'Vulnerable' species as per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the only resident breeding crane in India. The breeding biology of Sarus Crane was studied for two breeding (2013-2014) season in Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh. Seven pairs were studied during study period at three sites. During the study nesting success in PGI and Mahona was 100% each and in Nagar Chaungwa was 50%. Continuous monitoring of study sites improved the nesting and breeding success of Sarus crane in the study sites.

3 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

013625   Yogesh Kumar J S;Satyanarayana C;Venkataraman K (Zoological Survey of India, , M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: coralyogesh@yahoo.co.in) : New scleractinian coral Lobophyllia hemprichii (Family Mussidae) reported first time from the Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh, India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(4), 738-41.

An extensive survey to explore the diversity and distribution of coral and associated faunal community around the Gulf of Kachchh Islands in India, yielded a new zoogeographical record of a coral species namely, Lobophyllia hemprichii from Pirotan Island, Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh. Literature reveals that 56 species of scleractinian corals have been recorded from the Gulf of Kachchh. Detailed description, distribution and variation in morphological characters of this species were presented in this account.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

013624   Sharma M;Chadha P (Zoology Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: poojachadha77@yahoo.co.in) : Study on DNA damaging effects of 4-nonylphenol using erythrocytes from peripheral circulation, gill and kidney of fish Channa punctatus. J envir Biol 2016, 37(2), 313-8.

The study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effect of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on blood cells of fish Channa punctatus. Fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations (0.15 mg l^-1; 0.31 mg l^-1 and 0.63 mg l^-1) of 4-NP for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. Blood cells from kidney, gills and peripheral circulation were analyzed for the presence of micronuclei and other changes in the erythrocytes. Significant changes were observed in all the experimental groups tested when compared with control. Highest genotoxicity was observed in blood cells obtained from gills (MN-2.92%, aberrant cell- 70.64%), followed by kidney (MN-1.34%, aberrant cells-64.94%), were least effect was observed in blood cells obtained from peripheral circulation (MN-0.88%, aberrant cells- 46.27%).Therefore, micronucleus test performed on blood cells obtained from different sources showed that gills were more sensitive as compared to peripheral blood and kidney revealing genotoxic effect of 4-NP on fish C. punctatus.

6 illus, 34 ref

013623   Rachana R R;Varatharajan R (Insect Systematics Div, National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru-560 024, Email: vavarachana@gmail.com) : Additions to the terebrantian (Insecta: Thysanoptera) fauna of Kerala, India. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1507-9.

Extensive surveys were carried out in Kerala in order to explore the thysanopteran fauna since the state has hardly been studied for the fauna of thrips after Dr. T.N. Ananthakrishnan's era of Indian thysanopteran taxonomy. Nine species of terebrantian thrips, one in the family Aeolothripidae and the remaining eight in the family Thripidae are being listed as new to Kerala state records collected from different hosts. Diagnostic features, distribution and data on material studied for these species are given. The number of known species of terebrantian thrips in Kerala is thus increased to 42.

13 ref

013622   Priyanka B;Patil R K;Dwarakanath S (Applied Zoology Dep, Mangalore University, Mangaluru, Email: bppriyankad07@gmail.com) : Detection methods used for foodborne pathogens. Indian J med Res 2016, 144(3), 327-38.

Foodborne pathogens have been a cause of a large number of diseases worldwide and more so in developing countries. This has a major economic impact. It is important to contain them, and to do so, early detection is very crucial. Detection and diagnostics relied on culture-based methods to begin with and have developed in the recent past parallel to the developments towards immunological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and molecular biology-based methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The aim has always been to find a rapid, sensitive, - 80 - specific and cost-effective method. Ranging from culturing of microbes to the futuristic biosensor technology, the methods have had this common goal. This review summarizes the recent trends and brings together methods that have been developed over the years.

^iia1 illus, 88 ref

013621   Periasamy R;Ingole B;Meena R M (NO, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, Email: baban@nio.org) : Phylogeny and genetic variation within population of Tachypleus gigas (Muller, 1785). Curr Sci 2017, 112(10), 2029-33.

Isolated population of Indian horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas plays an important role in the ecology of several marine organisms, and is being scrutinized for its abundance and morphology by many researchers. However, limited information is available about its genetic variability and evolution. Samples of horseshoe crab were collected from the east coasts of India and analysed for their phylogenetic relationsip, genetic variability and structure within population based on the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequence. Analysis of molecular variance revealed two groups with significant genetic differentiation indices (F_ST = 0.544, p <60>0.001), and the number of migrants (Nm) was estimated as 0.11 individuals per generation. Maximum likelihood results revealed two distinct clusters, showing that the evolution of the Indian population was genetically diverse forming a separate clade from other Southeast Asian populations, moderately with a low gene flow. Considering the ecological, economic and evolutionary significance of T. gigas and its declining population, there is a pressing need for conservation measures.

4 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

013620   Parveen S;Singh D;Bharose R;Rout S;Khan M A; Ansari E F (School of Forestry and Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211 007, Email: srout.forestry@gmail.com) : Tannery effluent effect on the - 79 - haematological parameters of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 201-5.

The investigation was undertaken to evaluate the tannery effluent toxicity stress symptoms in fish blood during a long term of exposure period. The effect of tannery effluent on various haematological parameters were evaluated exposing fresh water fish, C. punctatus to different concentration i.e., [Control, 5% Tannery effluent (TE), 10% TE and 20% TE] of tannery effluent. Exposed of fish to tannery effluent showed a significant decrease in the haemoglobin (Hb) content (9.16± 0.08), red blood cells (3.32 ± 0.12), packed cell volume (34.66 ± 0.33) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values, whereas significant increase in the white blood cells (WBC), erythro-cyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and clotting time was recorded with increase in exposure periods as compared to control respectively. Hb, RBC and MCHC values showed fluctuating results. The haematological parameters were decreases from 15th days of exposure periods to 45th days of exposure period. The decrease in haematological parameters clearly indicates that the exposed fishes have become anemic due to tannery effluent exposure.

3 tables, 31 ref

013619   Mishra I (Zoology Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007, Email: ilamishra90@gmail.com) : Photoperiodic regulation of reproduction in birds. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(1-2), 1-8.

Birds time their activities in synchronization with daily and seasonal periodicities in the environment, which is mainly provided by changes in day length (=photoperiod). Photoreceptor cells in an avian brain are localized in three independent neural structures, the retina of eyes, pineal gland and hypothalamus. Deep brain photoreceptors (DBPs) localised particularly in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and lateral septal area (LSO) of hypothalamus are implicated in regulation of photoperiod induced reproductive response. DBPs relay the photoperiodic information to the pars tuberalis thyroid hormone stimulating (TSH) expressing cells. The TSH mediated signalling mediates the photoperiod induced gonaddtropins releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the pre optic area (POA). In addition to the GnRH, other neurohormones including the neuropeptides Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and the neurosteroids, especially the brain derived testosterone contribute to regulation of the overt reproductive response and behaviour in seasonal breeding avian species. Here, we briefly review limited evidence on the roles of photoreceptors, and the local hormone variations of the hypothalamus in the regulation of seasonal physiology, particularly in the long-day breeding species.

69 ref

013618   Koshal Kumar;Kotnala C B;Rana A R (Zoology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ (A Central Univ) BGR Campus Pauri, Pauri, Garhwal, Email: koshalbagelu@gmail.com) : Evaluation of gonadal indices to understand the reproductive rhythm of Macrobrachium assamense peninsulare from Rawasan stream, Uttarakhand, India. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(1-2), 21-5.

Macrobrachium assamense peninsulars is a minor freshwater prawn and found in the Foothill Rivers and streams of Uttarakhand. However, no such studies were found to understand the reproductive rhythm of this species by observing the gonad development throughout the year. The aim of present study was to govern the maturation of gonads by study the Gonado-Somatic index (GSI) and Dobriyal index (DI) to understand the gonadal rhythm and breeding seasons. The GSI value ranged from 0.281±0.56 to 8.583±0.86 and DI value ranged from 0.023±0.981 to 5.456±0.082 during the interval of two year (August 2013 to July 2015). It is clear from the value obtained from the study that the maximum value of indices was in the month of April and minimum in the October in both the sexes (male and female). The patterns of breeding suggest that the animal take single spawning within breeding season and breeding start in the month of May which continued till September.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

013617   Hundal S S;Kaur R;Avneet Kaur (Zoology Dep, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Email: sshundal@pau.edu) : Effect of chlorpyrifos on survival, growth and reproductive performance of Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg). J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1618-22.

The present laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of chlorpyrifos on growth and repro-duction of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Chlorpyrifos was mixed with soil substrate at four different dose formu-lations i.e. D1 (2.5ml/1000ml); D2 (5.0ml/1000ml); D3 (7.5ml/1000ml); D4 (10.0ml/1000ml). Soil substrate without chlorpyrifos served as control. Growth and survival rates were determined till four weeks and effects on reproduction are assessed after eight weeks of exposure. A non significant decrease (p > 0.05) was observed in body weight of earthworms which was recorded on day 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 and 14. A dose dependent effect on cocoon production and survivability of hatchlings was observed in all treated groups. The effect of chlorpyrifos on life cycle of earthworm was more in dose D3 (54.25 days) when compared to control (28.75 days) while no worm survived in D4 dose. The present study revealed - 78 - that chlorpyrifos at high dose levels(7.5ml/1000ml and 10.0ml/1000ml) affect the reproduc-tion and growth of earthworms, primary bioindicators of soil fauna, whereas the base dose (5.0ml/1000ml) may be considered as safe for soil applications.

6 tables, 29 ref

013616   George K R;Gokul G N;Malini N A (Post-Graduate and Research Dep of Zoology, St. Thomas College Kozhencherry, Kozhencherry-689 641, Email: dr.roygeorgek@gmail.com) : Effects of different sub-lethal concentrations of plasticizer-diethyl phathalate on fresh water murrel, Channa striatus (Bloch). J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 476-81.

In the present study, effects of exposure to different sub lethal concentrations of diethyl phthalate on hematological, biochemical and histological parameters of fresh water murrel, Channa striatus were evaluated. LC50 of DEP was determined and was found to be 70ppm for the present study. The experimental fishes were divided into control and DEP exposed groups. DEP exposed fish species were subjected to 0.4 ppm, 4 ppm and 40ppm concen-trations of DEP and observed after an interval of 7, 14 and 21 days. Exposure to sub lethal levels of DEP revealed significant decrease in haematological parameters due to anemic condition induced by impaired haem synthesis. Exposure to DEP caused reduction in level of protein in muscle (*182.5, *180.7, *176.7, *176.1, *173.4,*167.5 and *165.7) and liver (*104.7, *98.6, *92.7, *87.7, *87.4, *86.4, *80.8, *75.6 and*68.6) due to impairment of protein synthesis. Levels of cholesterol in muscle and liver of DEP exposed fish were found to be decreased after treatment indicating either an inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in liver or reduced absorption of dietary cholesterol. Histo-pathological examination of liver of DEP exposed fish species showed necrosis in hepatocytes and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Histoarchitecture of kidney of DEP exposed fish species revealed shrinkage of glomeruli, glomerular distortion, vacuolization of tubular cells, necrosis and atrophy of renal tubules. As an endocrine disruptor, DEP interferes with the haematopoietic system metabolic machinery and histoarchitecture of organs of Channa striatus.

3 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

013615   Birudu R B (Zoology Aquaculture Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, Email: ravibabubiotech@gmail.com) : Biomarker changes in diabetic rats treated with ethanolic plant extract of Passiflora foetida linn. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 461-66.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Passiflora foetida in a model of dextrose -induced experimental diabetes in rats.Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of dextrose through feed. The ethanol extracts of Passiflora foetida at a dose of 500 and 250 mg/kg of body weight were administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 days. The effect of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida leaf extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, creatinine, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum protein, serum enzymes (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase) were measured in the diabetic rats.Acute toxicity studies were conducted. The increased blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with both - 77 - doses of ethanol extract of leaf Passiflora foetida compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida leaf administration, altered the biochemical parameters were in diabetic control rats.Ethanol extract of Ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida leaf possesses significant antidiabetic activity in diabetic rats.

2 tables, 33 ref

012781   Thorat L;Oulkar D P;Banerjee K;Nath B B (Zoology Dep, Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Pune-411 007, Email: bbnath@gmail.com) : Desiccation stress induces developemental heterochrony in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biosci, Bangalore 2016, 41(3), 331-9.

Stressful environments are known to perturb developmental patterns in insects. In the purview of desiccation as astressor, relatively little is known about the developmental consequences linked with desiccation tolerance. In thisstudy, we have particularly focused on the exploration of the temporal profile of postembryonic development inresponse to desiccation exposure in Drosophila melanogaster and the associated trade-offs. We document a correlationbetween variations in 20-hydroxyecdysone levels and the altered timing of metamorphic events during the lifecycle. Following desiccation, we observed an extension in the larval longevity whereas the duration of the pupal andadult stages was significantly shortened. Alternately, feeding of 20-hydroxyecdysone apparently led to the restorationof the normal temporal pattern of development in the desiccated group. In spite of the desiccation-responsiveheterochronic shifts in development, the overall lifespan post recovery remained almost unaltered among thedesiccated and undesiccated groups suggesting plasticity in developmental control. This observation reminisces 'canalization-like' phenomenon that buffers alterations in the overall lifespan. We thus identified a desiccation responsiveperiod - 155 - in the lifespan of D. melanogaster during which variations in ecdysone levels are capable to alter thetemporal course of development.

4 illus, 33 ref

010558   Rifat F;Sisodia R (Neurobiology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: rashsisodia@yahoo.co.in) : Modulation of 10 GHZ microwaves induced biochemical changes in different organs of swiss albino mice by Prunus domestica fruit extract. Int J pharm Sci Res 2017, 8(1), 136-44.

For the present study thirty male Swiss albino mice were selected from an inbred colony. They were divided into three groups consisting of ten mice in each group. Group I: Sham exposed, Group II: 10 GHz MW (microwave) exposed, Group III: PDE (Prunus domestica extract) +MW exposed. After 30 days of treatment the animals were sacrificed to study alterations in body weights and biochemical parameters in different organs of Swiss albino mice viz. intestine, liver, testis and spleen. MW exposure did not resulted in significant reduction in body weights compared to sham exposed group of mice. PDE supplementation prior MW exposure did not result in any - 74 - significant weight gain compared to MW exposed group. Biochemical analysis showed highly significant (p<60>0.001) variations in Lipid Per Oxidation (LPO), Glutathione (GSH) and protein levels which could be ameliorated by supplementation of PDE prior to MW exposure. Exposure to 10 GHz leads to biochemical alterations in different organs studied in mice which can be ameliorated by PDE supplementation. It can be concluded from the current study that exposure to microwave radiation caused significant alterations in the LPO, GSH and protein content of different organs of Swiss albino mice and supplementation of PDE prior microwave exposure repaired the damage to an extent.

43 ref

010557   Raja D;Taraphder S;Sahoo A K;Paul R;Raj Kumar (Animal Genetics and Breeding Dep, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal Univ of Animal, Belgachia, Kolkata-700 037, Email: subhash.taraphder@gmail.com) : PCR-SSCP analysis of growth differentiation factor-9 gene of garole sheep. Explor Anim med Res 2016, 6(1), 33-46.

Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), one of the oocyte-derived members of the transforming growth factor - β super family has played an imperative role for follicular growth and ovulation. The present study was to investigate the polymorphism of exon-1 of GDF-9 gene in the most prolific Garole sheep breed. Blood samples were collected from 28 ewes and genomic DNA was extracted using the modified high salt method. The 462 bp amplified PCR product was analyzed for polymorphism by SSCP method. The results indicated two different banding patterns AA and AB for this fragment. The frequencies of AA and AB genotypes were 0.857 and 0.143. The allelic frequencies of A and B alleles were 0.928 and 0.072. The Calculated Chi-square value for exon-1 of GDF-9 gene (0.032) was found to be lesser than that of tabulated values at 5% and 1% level of significance indicating that the population under study was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The 462 bp nucleotide sequence was subjected to BLAST analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nucleotide sequence of studied sample of Garole sheep is 100 percent similar with the published sequence of sheep and form a common cluster indicating their evolutionary closeness.

3 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

010556   Kalra S;Sangha G K (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: shastakalra@yahoo.com) : Pesticides induced oxidative stress and histomorphological changes in liver and kidney of female Bandicota bengalensis and Tatera indica. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(2), 935-9.

The liver and kidney of female Bandicota bengalensis and Tatera indica rats collected from Bathinda region of south west region of Punjab were used to investigate the toxic effects of these pesticides. Levels of total proteins decreased in all the rats collected from study area. Activity levels of different OS parameters: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidise (GPx) were differentially altered and the product of - 73 - oxidation namely, malondialdehyde increased in liver (11.05ñ0.18, 9.02ñ0.26 in control rats increased to 11.60ñ0.10, 9.43ñ2.58 in study area B. bengalensis and T. indica rats respectively) and kidney (10.03ñ0.44, 8.68ñ0.24 in control rats increased to 10.18ñ0.72, 8.92ñ4.34 in study area B. bengalensis and T. indica rats respectively) of rats collected from study area as compared to control rats. Histomorphological studies further revealed number of abnormalities as infiltration, vacuolization, enlarged sinusoids and necrosis in liver of Bathinda rats, while renal histo architecture of kidney showed high degeneration of glomeruli. The results infer that environmental contaminants mainly pesticides leads to number of pathophysiological conditions in the liver and kidney and for altering antioxidant defence system in rats inhabiting south- west region of Punjab.

5 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

010555   Bawazir A E (Biology (Zoology) Dep, King Abdul-Azad Univ Faculty of Science, Jeddah, K.S.A.) : Evaluation of neurotoxicity and testicular toxicity of artificial butter flavorings. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2016, 5(1), 248-58.

Diacetyl (Artificial Butter Flavoring) is used as an aroma carrier for foods And therefore, it is considered to be used by the food industry for adding aroma in several types of food products. The goal of this study was to investigate how artificial butter flavoring can affect the brain in terms of neurotransmissions, level of testosterone and histological changes in the testes of albino rats. It was dissected brain to measure neurotransmitters and testicular to histological study. The results of the study indicated that daily diacetyl consumption at 25 mg/kg b.wt was responsible for decreasing dopamine (DA), gamm-aminobutyric acid (GABA) along with serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine(NE) levels in different parts of the brain. The back of testicular tissue condition is regularly associated with lower testosterone hormonelevel confirmed histological changes in the testis necrosis of some cells, a significant decrease sperm mature and the tubular deficit. It can be concluded that diacetyl has sparked neurotoxicity and damagethe testicular tissue.

5 tables, 24 ref

010554   Bawazir A E (Biology (Zoology) Dep, Faculty of Girls Education, Scientific Dep, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) : Effects of olive oil on a neurochemical parameters and histological structure in cerebral cortex region in male albino rats. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2016, 5(1), 154-64.

Olive oil is the major component of the Mediterranean diet and has rich history of nutritional and medicinal uses which indicate that, olive oil has the Enhanced memoryand antidepressant properties. This study aims are to determine the effect of olive oil on the histological structure as well as, the levels of neurochemical includeepinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) in the cerebral cortex region of male albino rats. Animals of the treated groups were given olive oil orally at the dose of 3 mL/kg daily for 3 weeks. Brain neurochemical parameters results showed that administration of olive oil increased the levels of neurotransmitter in cerebral cortex region. From the data finding in the current work the olive oil has a neuroprotective effects. So, it could be used as a therapeutic substance for the treatment of depression and loss memory. Olive oil contains antioxidants which have a protective function in preserving the memory and protective the cerebral cortex region in brain.

11 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref

009639   Zaryab M;Yousaf M A;Gul S;Rehman H U;Sadia H (Zoology Dep, Govt Post Graduate College, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) : Dandi Idhar Khel lake fish fauna of district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(3), 32-4.

The present study was conducted to observe the fish biodiversity in Dandi Idhar Khel Lake of district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The collection was made from August 2016 to September 2016. A total of seven fish species were collected, which belongs to three orders, three families and seven genera. Among seven fish species, five species belongs to family Cyprinidae, while the remaining two species belongs to families Anguillidae and Siluridae. Therefore, from the results of our recent study, it has been concluded that the Dandi Idhar Khel Lake of district Karak contains a suitable condition to support more diversity of the fish fauna. Hence, our present study will provide a lot of information about the diversity of fish fauna of Dandi Idhar Khel Lake that could be later valuable in systematic, fisheries management and conservation.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

009638   Vijayakumar K;Jeyaraaj R (Zoology Dep, Kongu Nadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: knvijgs@gmail.com) : Floral sources for stingless bees (Tetragonula iridipennis) in Nellithurai village, Tamilnadu, India. Ambient Sci 2016, 3(2), 69-74.

Authors documented 45 plant taxa belonging to 29 families and non-floral sources utilized by Tetragonula iridipennis for pollen, nectar and resin. The foragers of T. iridipennis were also found to collect non-floral resources like fruit juice, fruits kept in the market for sales and from falling and damaged mango and jasmine fruits. The mutualistic association between T. iridipennis colonies and Hemipterans was observed and documented. According to pollen analysis, all are appeared to be multifloral honeys. The families Arecaceae and Fabaceae had a significant importance amongst the samples represented by four pollen types. Coconut, Sunflower and Banana pollen types occurred most constantly among the samples. The present palynological analysis of honey samples can provide the accurate depiction of the bee flora in Nellithurai village. The present study to help the beekeepers to know the stingless bee flora and to identify the botanical origins of honey.

3 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref