005164   Majumder P L;Rahaman B;Roychowdhury M;Dhara K P (Chemistry Dep, University College of Science, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: priyalalm@hotmail.com) : Monomeric and dimeric stilbenoids from the orchid Dendrobium amplum. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 192-9.

Amplumthrin, a new dimeric 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivative, was isolated from the orchid Dendrobium amplum which also afforded the known 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene dimer flavanthrin and the monomeric stilbenoids gigantol, batatasin III, its 3'-O-methyl ether and 3,3'-O,O-dimethyl ether, 2,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenanthrene and its 9,10-dihydro derivative, 2,3,7-trihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrene and its 9,10-dihydro derivative and coelonin. The structure of amplumthrin was established as 2,2',7,7'-tetrahydroxy-3,3',4,4',6,6'-hexamethoxy-9,9',10,10'-tetrahyd ro-1,1'-biphenanthryl from various spectral and chemical evidence. The structure of amplumthrin was finally confirmed by regioselective biomimetic synthesis of the compound from its monomeric congener 2,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene by oxidative phenol-coupling reaction with CuCl(OH).TMEDA in very good yield (80%). Similar biomimetic synthesis of flavanthrin was also achieved in 82% yield from its monomeric congener coelonin using the same oxidant. The co-occurrence of amplumthrin and flavanthrin with their respective monomers in the same orchid Dendrobium amplum provides a strong circumstantial evidence in support of the proposed biogenesis of the naturally occurring biphenanthryl derivatives assumed to have arisen from their corresponding monomers through enzymatic oxidative phenol-coupling reaction.

1 table, 33 ref

005163   Maanju S;Poonia K;Chaturvedi S;Singh R V (Chemistry Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Email: rvsjpr@hotmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of dioxomolybdenum (VI) complexes with nitrogen-sulfur and nitrogen-oxygen donor ligands. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1247-57.

Molybdenum (VI) complexes of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehydethiosemicarbazone (TBTSCZH), 3,4,5 -trimethoxybenzaldehydesemi carbazone(TB SCZH), 3,4,5 -trimethoxybenzal dehyde-benzothiazoline (TBBZTH) and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde- S-benzyldithiocarbazate (TBDTCZH) have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic studies. The complexes MoO₂ (L)₂ (where L represents the deprotonated form of the ligands), were formed by the reactions between dioxobis(2,4-pentanedionato-O,O') molybdenum (VI) and the ligands TBTSCZH, TBSCZH, TBBZTH and TBDTCZH by using both techniques (thermal and microwave). The structural features of these molybdenum complexes were explored by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and molecular weight determinations. An octahedral arrangement of ligands around the central molybdenum atom is proposed. All the four ligands and their complexes have been screened for their biological activity on several pathogenic fungi and bacteria and the data show good activity of these complexes and ligands.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

005162   Kushwaha S S S;Gupta S (Chemistry Laboratories, P.P.N. College Campus (C.S.J.M. University), Kanpur-208 001, Email: ssskushwaha41@rediffmail.com) : Mode of action and monitoring of phenoxy herbicides involving protein and metal ions of biological interest. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1263-76.

The interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein with phenoxy herbicides, such as, phenoxyacetic acid (PAA, inactive), 2-chloro- phenoxyacetie acid (2-CPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichloro- phenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5- T), 4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP); 4-( 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-butyric acid (MCPB), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB) and Cu (II) has been studied using ultracentrifuge and spectrophotometric techniques. The thermodynamic quantities relating to binary and ternary complex formation equilibria involving adenine and Cu (II) and Zn (II) have also been determined pH-metrically as well as calorimetrically at 25°C (μ = 0.1M, KN0₃). The high stability of ternary complexes has been attributed to intramolecular aromatic ring stacking. The affinity constant data, spectral changes, stability constants and thermodynamic parameters in views of protein-herbicide or genetic base-metal-herbicide complexes have been interpreted to explore complexation as a possible of actions.

5 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

005161   Kushwaha S S S;Gupta S (Chemical Laboratories, (C.S.J.M. University), P.P.N. College Campus, Email: ssskushwaha41@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of structure-activity correlation of phenoxy acid herbicides based on HSAB principle. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1011-26.

The HSAB principle has been extended to estimate quantitative softness values of metal ions (E⁺_n and those of a series of phenoxy-phenoxy propionate anions (E⁺_m) in solvents of varying dielectric constants (ε) after introducing reasonable modifications in the calculations of effective nuclear charge, partial charge, ionization potential, electron affinity and effective radius of coordinating oxygen atoms. The metal-ligand affinity, expressed in terms of "matching constant" (<67>E⁺_nm), of complexes has been calculated for non-transition and transition metal ions. The parameters E⁺_m(eff) and <67>E_nm both have linear correlations with Hammett substituent constants (σ) which can be used to decide the activity of untested members of the series in views of complexation as the possible mode of action of these herbicides.

4 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref

005160   Kumar S;Kumar R;Koganti S B (Reprocessing R&D Div, Reprocessing Group, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Email: shekhar@igcar.gov.in) : Extended salt-effect model for organic solubility of water in a 5-100% tri-n-butyl phosphate/diluent/nitric acid/water biphasic system at 298.15 K. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 287-90.

The solubility of water in the organic solutions, containing hydrocarbons, has traditionally been modeled by using empirical correlations. In this communication, an extended Setschenow model is proposed for predicting the organic solubility of water in a 5-100% tri-n-butyl phosphate/diluent-nitric acid-water biphasic system at 298.2 K. The literature data on water solubility were correlated to aqueous acid concentration and diluent concentration in the solvents. The proposed model was extended for temperature dependency of the solubility.

4 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

005159   Karmakar S;Chakrabarty M (Chemistry Dep, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: chakmanas@yahoo.co.in) : Reaction of diethyl mesoxalate with active methylene compounds : an interesting outcome. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 224-7.

Diethyl mesoxalate reacts separately with each of Meldrum's acid, indan-1,3-dione and diethyl malonate -all active methylene compounds - on neutral alumina either at room temperature or under microwave irradiation to furnish expeditiously the corresponding tertiary carbinols in very good yields. However, when the reaction of diethyl mesoxalate with a number of other active methylene compounds was tried similarly or by heating at 60-70 °C, the reactions either led to single products, which were too unstable to be isolated, or simply failed. Our findings, shedding new light on the reactivity of diethyl mesoxalate, are presented below.

^ssc1 table, 12 ref

005158   Kalam A;Srivastava S;Pandey Y;Anil Kumar; Srivastava S (Chemistry Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: shekhsri@rediffmail.com) : Zn<. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 203-4.

New series of 14- and 15-membered tetrathia macrocyclic complexes, [MLX₂] [M = Zn^II; X = Cl or NO₃; L = L¹ = 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane; L² = 13,14-benzo-l,4,8, 11-tetrathiacyclopentadecane; L³ = 3,6,10,13-tetrathiacyclotetradecane-1-ol; L⁴ = 4,5-benzo-3,6,10,13-tetrathiacyclotetradecane-l,8-diol; L⁵ = 4,5,11,12-dibenzo-3,6,10,13-tetrathiacylotetradecane-l,8-diol] have been prepared. The complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, conductivity, IR and X-ray photoelectron spectra. Octahedral structures have been proposed for all the prepared metal complexes.

^ssc1 table, 11 ref

005157   Joshi R;Patel H;Chudasama U (Applied Chemistry Dep, Faculty to Technology and Engineering, the M.S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001, Email: uvcres@yahoo.com) : Sythesis of monoesters and diesters using eco-friendly solid acid catalysts-M(IV) tungstates and phosphates. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 238-43.

The study involves synthesis and characterization of amorphous M(IV) phosphates and tungstates [M(IV) = Zr, Ti and Sn] which are inorganic ion exchangers of the class of telravalent metal acid (Una) salts. The presence of protons contained in the structural hydroxyl groups indicates good potential for application in solid acid catalysis. The catalytic activity of the materials abbreviated as ZrP, TiP, SnP, ZrW, TiW and SnW has been explored by synthesizing some monoesters and diesters. Good yields are obtained in the case of monoesters as compared to diesters. The results reveal the promising use of Una salts as solid acid catalysts.

5 tables, 25 ref

005156   Jain V K (Chemistry Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, Email: jainvk@barc.gov.in) : Chemistry of molecular precursors for compound semiconductor nanoparticles. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 123-9.

Lecture intends to present recent results on design and development of molecular precursors for the synthesis of some binary and ternary compound semiconductor nanoparticles. A wide variety of complexes of Group II, III, IV and V elements with dithiocarboxylate, xanthate, dithiocarbamate, selenocarboxylate and N,N-dimethylaminoalkylchalcogenolates have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Several of these complexes on thermolysis yield bulk as well as nanoparticles of metal chalcogenides (ME : M = Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb; E = S, Se, Te) and M₂S₃ (M = In, Sb, Bi)). The latter have been characterized by XRD, EDAX, SEM, TEM, SAED and photoluminescence.

12 illus, 39 ref

005155   Jagdish Prasad;Yadav P;Ved Prakash;Srivastava K;Pandeya K B (Chemistry Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: dr_jagdish_p@yahoo.co.in) : Cyclic voltammetric studies of oxovanadium(IV) complexes derived from 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline in nonaqueous media. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 153-6.

Electrochemical behaviour of oxovanadium(IV) complexes, [VO(bipy)]²⁺ and [VO(phen)₂]²⁺ (where, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been examined in DMSO and DMF with 0.1 M TBAP using cyclic voltammetry at a Pt working electrode. It is found that [VO(bipy)₂]²⁺ and [VO(phen)₂]²⁺ complexes are irreversibly oxidized (VO^2+/3+) with anodic peak potential, E_pa1≈ 1.10 V vs SCE at 200 mV s^-1. The initial reduction of these complexes in DMSO and DMF media revealed two irreversible cathodic peaks with E_pc1 = -0.96 to -1.13 V and E_pc2 = -1.17 to -1.30 V vs SCE. It should be mentioned that dependence of I_pa1 or I_pc1 on v_1/2 is linear without any intercept. This suggests that the redox processes a₁ and c₁ are diffusion controlled. It is also observed that the oxidation of bipy complex is easier while reduction is difficult in comparison to phen complex in a given medium.

2 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

005154   Indrajit Kumar;Subodh Kumar (Chemistry Dep, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag-825 301) : Synthesis and characterization of complexes of iron (III), Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) with 2-aminothiophenol. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1099-1106.

The complexes of iron (III), cobalt (II) and nickel (II) with 2-aminothiophenol have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of analytical data, spectroscopic studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Octahedral geometry for iron (III) complex, tetrahedral geometry for cobalt (II) complex and square planar geometry for nickel (II) complex has been proposed on the basis of electronic and IR spectral studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

3 tables, 26 ref

005153   Hussaini S S;Huq C A M A (Chemistry Section, Shinas College of Technology, Shinas, Oman) : Aromatic dianionic oxy cope rerrangement of 1,2-dinaphthyl-1,2-diols of acyclic diketones. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 212-16.

Reports first instance where l,2-dinaphthyl-1,2-diols of benzil and biacetyl undergo aromatic dianionic oxy-Cope rearrangement where the π bonds of the two naphthyl rings form the 1,5-hexadiene system necessary for oxy-Cope rearrangement.

15 ref

005152   Hema S (Chemistry Dep, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur-628 215) : Flame photometric determination of sodium content in the sea water. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1160-2.

Seawater sample was collected taking all necessary precautions like container material, depth of the sea, temperature of the sample during collection, pH and dissolved oxygen etc. The sample was analyzed in the laboratory for its sodium contents.

1 table, 5 ref

005151   Gupta R R;Singh M (Chemistry Dep, Agra College, Agra-282 002, Email: mukhtarsingh2003@rediffmail.com) : Apparent molar volumes of mono- and di-saccharides in water and in aqueous oxalic acid solutions at 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 176-81.

Apparent molar volumes (Vφ) have been determined for mono- and di-saccharides, [D(+)-glucose, D(-)-fructose and sucrose] in water and in aqueous oxalic acid solutions at different concentrations in the range 0.2-1.0 mol kg^-1 by measuring the densities at (293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15) K. The limiting apparent molar volumes (V⁰φ) and experimental slope (S_v) have been obtained in each case and their significance has been discussed briefly. The partial molar volumes (V⁰₂) have been used to calculate the partial molar volumes of transfer (ΔV⁰φ) of mono- and di-saccharides from water to aqueous oxalic acid solutions at different temperatures. The values of limiting apparent molar expansibilities (φ⁰_E) and that of (∂²v⁰φ/∂T< sup>2)p have been determined from temperature-dependence of V⁰φ. It is concluded that all the saccharides behave as structure makers in water as well as in aqueous solutions of oxalic acid.

5 tables, 23 ref

005150   Govinda Chary K;Mamatha K;Mogili R;Ravinder M;Srihari S (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Synthetic and spectral studies on Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ru(III) and Pd(II) complexes of some phenylhydrazones. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1039-46.

The Fe (III), Ni (II), Cu (II), Ru (lII) and Pd (II) complexes of phenylhydrazones derived from furan-2-carboxaldehyde, thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde, pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, and 3-formy1chromone and phenylhydrazine have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical data. All the ligands behave as neutral, bidentate ones. The geometry and the bonding characteristics of the complexes have been deduced from the relevant data.

3 tables, 15 ref

005149   Gavali L V;Burungale A S;Hankare P P (Chemistry Dep, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashil, Navi Mumbai-400 703, Email: laxmanvg@yahoo.com) : X-ray diffraction studies of schiff base 4-[2'-hydroxysalicylidene 5'-(2"-thiazolylazo)] nitrobenzene. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 217-19.

X-Ray diffraction studies have been carried out for 4-[2'-hydroxysalicylidene 5'-(2"-thiazolyazo)]nitrobenzene. This ligand is synthesized and purified by condensing 5-(2'-thiazolylazo)salicylaIdehyde and p-nitroaniline. The structure of compound is found to be tetragonal belonging to non-primitive system. The strain broadening effects are also examined and discussed.

2 tables, 12 ref

005148   Emelda A R;Jayachandramani N;Ravichandran S (Chemistry Dep, St. Peter's Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: amali.emelda@gmail.com) : Microwave assisted synthesis of some Mannich bases. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1258-62.

The synthesis of Mannich bases N-[I-(piperidinobenzyl) acetamide, PBA, N-(I- (morpholinobenzyl) acetamide, MBA, N-[l-(piperidinobenzyl) benzamide, PBB, N-[l-(morpholinobenzyl) benzamide, MBB have been repoted under microwave radiation. The product is obtained in good yield.

4 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

005147   Dinesh N D;Rangappa K S;Nagaraja P (Chemistry Dep, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur-577 102, Email: endydi@yahoo.com) : Spectrophotometric determination of promethazine hydrochloride using p-amino acetophenone as a novel chromogenic reagent. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1311-20.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the assay of promethazine hydrochloride (pH) in pure form and in dosage forms has been described. Method has been based on the preliminary oxidation of the drug by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and subsequent nucleophilic substitution reaction with p-aminoacetophenone, which yields violet colored product with maximum absorption at 580 run. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.5 - 16 μg mL^-1 with limit of detection (LOD) 0.08 μg mL^-1 and limit of quantitation (LOQ) as 0.24 μg mL^-1. Method was successfully applied for the assay of different commercially available drugs of PH.

3 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

005146   Das S;Patnaik A K (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Ravenshaw Univ, Cuttack-753 003) : Kinetic of base hydrolysis of some (aminomonocarboxylato)bis(ethylene-diamine)/(trimethylenediamine) Co^II comlexes in acques medium.. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 208-11.

cis-[(en)₂Co(O₂CCH₂NH₃)₂]³⁺, cis-[(cn)₂Co(p-O₂C(CH₂)₂NH₃)₂]^{3 +} and frans-[(tmd)₂Co(O₂CCH₂NH₂)₂]³⁺ were synthesized. The base hydrolysis of these complexes proceed through a two step mechanism.

3 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

005145   Das I;Singh Y;Agrawal N R;Ansari S A;Mishra S K (Chemistry Dep, DDU Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009, Email: ishwar_das@rediffmail.com) : Physico-chemical studies on nanosized material from glucose-cupric sulphate reaction. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 171-5.

Glucose reacts with cupric sulphate to form a new product as evident by growth morphologies, UV-Vis spectra, XRD and DSC studies. Reaction between glucose and cupric sulphate is also evident by conductivity measurements which showed a decrease in electrical conductivity on addition of glucose. There was also a decrease in glucose concentration on addition of cupric sulphate. Glucose crystallizes as fractal in agar-agar matrix, which on addition of cupric sulphate crystallizes rhythmically. Surface morphology of the product was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which revealed the formation of nanosized material. The average thickness of the particle aggregates was in the range of 50-115 nm.

7 illus, 16 ref

005144   D'Souza J;Nagaraju N (Chemistry Dep, St. Joseph's College Post-graduate Centre, 46, Langford Road, Shantinagar, Bangalore-560 027, Email: nagarajun@yahoo.com) : Clean and efficient synthesis of coumarins over modified metal oxides via Pechmann reaction. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 244-51.

The catalytic activity of solid acids such as zirconia, alumina and silica and their SO₄^2-, PO₄^3- and BO₃^3- modified forms has been studied in the Pechmann reaction between resorcinol and ethylacetoacetate under solvent-free liquid phase reflux conditions and autogenous pressure. A systematic study of this reaction has been made by varying the following parameters: catalyst, amount of catalyst, duration and temperature of reaction and molar ratio of reactants. Under refluxing conditions, in the presence of sulphated zirconia, the percentage yield of the product, 7-hydroxy 4-methyl coumarin was in the range of 30-75% which, however, contained many impurities. When the same reaction was conducted in an autoclave at 150°C, the clean product of yields upto 99% was obtained. Other phenols used in this work include catechol, hydroquinone, m-cresol, p-cresol, o-cresol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, orcinol, m-aminophenol and phenol. The sites of higher acid strength and perhaps super-acidic sites on the catalyst appear to be catalyzing the formation of coumarins via Pechmann reaction. Sulphated zirconia is found to be a promising catalyst for this reaction under autogenous conditions.

4 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

005143   Chithra P G;Beena B (Chemistry Dep, S N College, Kollam, Email: chithrasumej@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative study of catalytic activity of tin phosphate and tin phenyl phosphonate. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 298-300.

Amorphous ion exchangers tin(IV) phosphate and tin(IV) phenyl phosphonate have been prepared and characterized. Catalytic activity has been studied and compared by using esterification of ethylene glycol as a model reaction wherein glycol diacetate has been prepared. The materials indicate good potential for Bronsted acid catalysis for the above reaction.

2 tables, 10 ref

005142   Buttrus N H;Abd Alrazaq E A;Al-Sger A K (NO, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, P.O. Box 20, Jordan-Ma'an, Email: eidalzooby@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of some new semiconducting dinuclear platinum (II) complexes containing 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrakis-(Substituted phenylthio) ethylene. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1111-20.

New homobimetallic complexes of the type, [Pt₂LCl₄] and [Pt₂(L)(L')₄], where, L = 1,1,2,2-tetrakis-(substituted phenylthio) ethylene, L '= thiophenoxide (TH) or p-aminothiophenoxide (ATH), have been prepared and characterized by elemental (carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen) analysis, molar conductance, magentic measurements, IR and UV-visible spectral measutements. The diamagnetic nature and electronic spectral studies suggest a square plannar environment around Pt (II) in the complexes. Solid state electrical conductivities of compacted pellets suggest that all of the complexes behave as typical semiconductors as their conductivities were found to increase with temperature from 303-328 K. The molecular mechanic techniques were applied to confirm the suggested structures of the complexes by computing the steric energy of each complex.

2 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

005141   Banerjee S;Patra R;Sur K R;Bandyopadhyay C; Sen A;Ghosh T (Chemistry Dep, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata-700 118, Email: ictg_64@yahoo.co.in) : Metal ion interaction with tridentate ONO donor azo ligands : part I. equilibrium study on the complex formation of Co<. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 157-61.

Ionization constants of three ONO donor azo ligands (H₂L^1-3) containing different functional groups, viz. 2-hydroxy-2'-carboxy-5-methyIazobenzene (H₂L¹), 2,2'-dihydroxyazobenzene (H₂L²) and 2-hydroxy-2'-hydroxymethyl-5-methylazobenzene (H₂L³) and their formation constants with M²⁺ ions (M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) have been determined in dioxane-water (50% v/v) medium at 25°C at a fixed ionic strength (I = 0.1 mol dm^-3 NaNO₃) by pH-potentiometric method. The nature of the species present in solution have been elucidated on the basis of their electronic spectra. Job's method of continuous variation study indicated the formation of 1 : 1 complex with Cu²⁺ ion and 1 : 2 complex with Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions with all these three ligands. Formation constants of these metal ions with all these three ligands have been found to follow the order : Co²⁺ < Ni²⁺ < Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺. With respect to any particular metal ion, the formation constant values follow the order : (L¹)^2- < (L²)^2- < (L³)^2- which is explained on the basis of overall basicity of these ligands.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

005140   Ansari A;Amlathe S;Gupta V K (Chemistry Dep, UIT, BU, Bhopal-462 020, Email: saml97@rediffmail.com) : Trace level extraction and spectrophotometric determination of cyanide in waste water and biological fluid. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 301-5.

An extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of cyanide in wastewater is developed. Cyanide is reacted with bromine to form cyanogen bromide, which subsequently reacts with pyridine. Glulaconic aldehyde is formed through the heterolytic cleavage of pyridine ring, which is then coupled with 4-amino salicylic acid. A yellow orange dye formed in alkaline medium is extractable in n-butanol in acidic medium. The extract shows absorbance maxima at 520 nm. The system obeys Beer's law in the range of 0.03-0.20 μg/mL. Important analytical parameters such as time, temperature, reagent concentration, acidity etc. have been optimized for complete colour reaction. Sandell's sensitivity and molar absorptivity for the system have been calculated. The method has been successfully applied for determination of cyanide in wastewater and biological fluid.

1 illus, 5 tables, 23 ref

004201   Vijay Kumar;Satyendra Narayan;Anil Kumar (Chemistry Dep, M.P.S. Science College, Muzaffarpur-842 002) : Electronic spectra and magnetic character of some transition metal complexes. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 7-8.

Deals with the synthesis and characterization of some substituted quizazolone with some divalent transition metal cations with special emphasis on their electronic spectra and magnetic moment. On this basis the symmetry of the various complex compounds has been ascertained and various crystal field parameters viz., B, 10 Dq and covalency have been derived and discussed.

1 table, 9 ref

004200   Tiwari A K D;Mishra A N;Tiwari V P (NO, , 148, Kanhaipur (Wazidpur) P.O. Kachehry, Jaunpur-222 002) : Removal of alizarine red sulphur (DYE) from DYE waste using biomaterials. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 19-20.

The series of periodical tests were conducted to assess the activated carbon of Babool as adsorbent for the removal of dye Alizarine red sulphur from synthetic rayon waste water.

9 ref

004199   Supekar A D;Natarajan G S (NO, S.B.E.S. College of Science, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Preparation of some lanthanide mixed complexes and their conductance behaviour in methanol. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 33-8.

A few lanthanide mixed complexes of nitrogen containing iigands were prepared and characterised. Their conductance studies in anhydrous methanol were also carried out. Literature data indicated the value of the equivalent conductances of lanthanide mixed complexes is between 80-100 mhos cm². provided the complex behaves as an 1:3 electrolyte. The present work confirmed this value.

5 tables, 2 ref

004198   Subramaniam G;Ramadevi P;Pitchammal V (Chemistry Dep, V.S.S. Government Arts College, Pulankuruchi, Sivagangai, District-630 413) : Synthesis and characterisation of copper (II) complex with 3-carboxy-4 quinolinol. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 34(2), 239-44.

Bis (pyridine)-(3-carboxylato-4-quinolinato) copper(ll) complex was synthesised and its I.R. absorption spectra was studied. The organic molecule 3-carboxy-4-quinolinol which is the ligands I.R. absorption spectrum was also compared with the Cu(ll) complex which confirms the formation of Cu(ll) complex. It is concluded through I.R. spectra of (3-carboxy-4-quinolinol) ligand and its Copper (II) metal complex, the structure of the metal complex is determined.

3 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

004197   Singh S;Verma P;Pathak P;Chaturvedi R; Chaturvedi K (NO, Forensic Sciencee Laboratory, U P, Agra) : Synthesis and biocidal activity of some rare earth metal complexes with drug diazepam [7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1 4-benzodiazepine-2-one]. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 143-6.

Complexes [Th(L)(NO₃)₂] and [UO₂(L)(NO₃)₂] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and I.R. studies. On the basis of I.R. spectral studies it has been observed that the ligand coordinates to metal ion in a bidentate fashion, through the N(1) & N(4) Nitrogen atom. The biological screening was done against bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and fungi i.e. Aspergillus flavus. A. niger, Penicillium triticina and Fusarium sp. in order to explore their vital antimicrobial activities. Th (IV) complex has been found to be more effective than UO2 (II) complex in all cases.

1 illus, 3 table, 18 ref

004196   Sharma S R;Mishra L K (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology, Patna-800 005) : Trans-effect on some platinum(II) complexes with pyrolidine and pipridine-N-thiohydrazide. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 39-42.

Complexes of Platinum(II) with pyrolidine-N-thiohydrazide (pyrthH) and pipridine_N_thiohydrazide (PthH) of composition (PtL₂), (LH = PyrthH and PthH) trans-Pt(LH)₂cl₂ (LH = PyrthH or PthH), [Pt(LH)X₂] (X = Cl, Br, I), Cis-trans- [PtLBX] (LH = PyrthH or PthH, B = Py or NH₃ and X = Cl, Br and I) have been prepared and characterised, The cis-isomers have deep colouration while trans are light cream and display sharp uv band in electronic absorption spectrum. In case of cis isomer the v(C=N) +δ(NH₂) infrared band is observed at 1625±10 as broad while the trans isomers show, ir bands v(CN) + δ(NH₂) as sharp and strong band. In aqueous DMF the cis isomers have greater solubility than trans.

8 ref

004195   Sharma S R;Mishra A K (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology, Patna-800 005) : Flocculation behavior of some Indian coal samples. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 13-26.

The flocculation behavior of coal sample of Busseriya, Digwadih, Benidih, Ramkanuli and Singreni coal (all from Jharkhand, India) using polymeric flocculants, namly hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), praestol and califloc have been investigated. The effects of pH, concentration of slurry on setting rate and flocculate dose on settling rate have been investigated. The optimum concentrations of slurry on settling rate have been discussed.

3 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

004194   Sharma S R;Anju Kumari;Mishra L K (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology, Patna-800 005) : Complexes of Co (II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) with 2-phenyl benzimidazole. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 53-7.

Complexes of 2 phenyl benzimidazole (L) with bivalent metal ions of composition ML 2 X 2 M = Cu (II), Co (II), Pd (II) and Cd (II), X = Cl, Br, I and NCS has been prepared and characterized. The Co (II) complexes show spectral and magnetic values of tetrahedral geometry palladium (II) complexes are planar and Cu (II) complexes are distorted tetragonal geometry. The i.r. spectra of thiocyanato complexes of Pd (II), Cd (II) and Co (II) display bonding of NCS through nitrogen atom.

1 table, 25 ref

004193   Sahu S K;Mishra S K;Mohanta R K;Panda P K; Azam M A (Univ Dep of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal Univ, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Email: tutu_kh@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-phenyl-3,5-diphenyl (substituted) -6-aryl-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazoles. Indian J pharm Sci 2007, 69(5), 689-92.

A series of Schiff's bases have been prepared by condensation of substituted benzaldehydes with primary arylamines and the corresponding 4-thiazolidinones have been prepared by the reaction of Schiff's bases with thioglycolic acid in benzene. The resulting 4-thiazolidinones on reaction with substituted benzaldehydes in anhydrous sodium acetate by Knoevenagel's condensation have afforded 2-phenyl(substituted)-3-aryl-5-benzilidine(substituted) thiazolidine-4-ones, which on cyclization with phenyl hydrazine in anhydrous sodium acetate have furnished the title compounds. The structures have been established on the basis of spectral data. All the compounds have been screened in vitro for their antibacterial activity. The results of antibacterial activity study revealed promising inhibitory activity for 3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d] thiazole derivatives with 4-chloro and 4-nitro phenyl substitutions at 5-position against all the tested strains.

^ssc1 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

004192   Roy B N;Singh A;Thakur S (NO, , Road No 1, Infront of Jail Press, Gaya-823 001) : Kinetics and mechanism of RU (III) catalysed oxidation of cyclic alcohols by N-bromoacetamide in perchloric acid. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 69-70.

Kinetic investigations on Ru (III) catalysed oxidation of cyclopentanol (Cypol) and cyclohexanol (Cyhol) in perchloric acid by N-bronomacetamide (NBA) have been made in the presence of mercuric acetate which acts as Br ions scavenger. The reactions show first order kinetics in [NBA] and [Ru (III)] while zero-order kinetics in [cypol] and [cyhol] was observed Positive effects of [H⁺] and [Cl] and negative effects of ionic strength (I) and acetamide (NHA) were observed. Zero effect of mercuric acetate on the rates of reactions was observed. A suitable mechanism is in agreement with observed kinetic results has been proposed.

2 tables, 9 ref

004191   Narayan S;Arvind Kumar;Thakur D N;Anil Kumar (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Science College, Patna-800 005) : Complexes of Zn (II) with 5-mercapto, 4-amino-3-methyl 1,2,4-triazole (LH) at different (pH). Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 31-2.

The Zn (II) with 5-MERCAPTO, 4-AMINO-3-METHYL 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE (LH) has been prepared at pH = 4,7 and 9. The structural assessment of the complexes have been made on the basis of results of magnetic moments electronic and IR spectral studies.

2 tables, 17 ref

004190   Nair V;Vellalath S (NO, Organic Chemistry Section National Institute for Interdisciplinary Sci, Trivandrum-695 019, Email: vijaynair_2001@yahoo.com) : Molecule matters, the quinine story: a 100-year saga. Resonance 2008, 13(3), 254-60.

Ever since its isolation in 1820, Quinine has played a crucial role in the development of organic chemistry, chemical industry and modern medicine. The total synthesis of quinine, widely regarded as an event of epochal importance was claimed by Woodward and Doering in 1945. This work, however, heavily relied on unsubstantiated literature reports and it appears that Woodward's work fell short of a total synthesis of quinine. The first stereoselective total synthesis of quinine was accomplished only in 2001, by Stork, who incidentally is the originator of the concept of stereoselectivity in total synthesis. Naturally, this work has been attested as a landmark in organic synthesis by leaders in the field.

3 illus, 5 ref

004189   Nagendrappa G (NO, , No.13, Basappa Layout Gavipuram Extension, Bangalore-560 019, Email: gnagendrappa@gmail.com) : Benzoin condensation, the cyanide connection with tapioca and vitamin B. Resonance 2008, 13(4), 355-68.

Benzoin condensation is an important carbon-carbon bond forming reaction. It is achieved by generating an acyl anion equivalent from one aldehyde molecule which adds to a second aldehyde molecule. The reaction is traditionally catalysed by a cyanide ion. Cyanohydrin anion is the first intermediate and is the precursor to the acyl anion equivalent. Cyanohydrins are found in plants as glycosides. A reaction completely analogous to benzoin condensation occurs in our body, which however neither involves cyanohydrin intermediate nor is catalysed by cyanide ion. It is catalysed by the thiazolium moiety of the co-enzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). This article shows the common links and inclusive chemistry aspects among cyanohydrin formation, naturally occurring cyanohydrins, conversion of cyanohydrins to ben-zoins/acyloins, the role of vitamin B1 (thiamine) and the use of thiazolium compounds in benzoin/acyloin condensation.

5 illus, 8 ref

004188   Mishra L K;Mishra L K (Chemistry Dep, Patna Univ, Patna, Bihar) : Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd (II) with 5-mercapto-4β-isatinylimino-1,2,4-triazole. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 27-31.

Complexes of 5-Mercapto -4-β- isarinylimino-1,2,4 - triazole (LH) with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn (II) and Cd(II) of composition ML₂.nH₂0 (n=2 for Co²⁺ or Ni²⁺ and n=0 for Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺) have been isolated and characterised from the studies of IR, UV and magnetic susceptibility value. Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) Complexes are octahedral where ligand is N, O and S donor but Zn (II) and Cd(II) Complexes are tetrahedral in which the ligand is N and S donor bidentate.

1 table, 16 ref

004187   Kumar N;Agarwal B;Agarwal M;Gurtu J N;Tiwari B (Chemistry Dep, Indraprastha Engineering College, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: nkschemistry71in@rediffmail.com) : Radiochemistry dependent electronic linear energy transfer in polyesters. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 59-75.

Thin films (13 μ m) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are irradiated by different swift heavy ions (180 MeV Ag¹⁴⁺ and 200 MeV Au¹⁵⁺) with the electronic linear energy transfer LET (~10 - 14 keV/nm) respectively. High LET beam (~10 keV/nm) induced radiolysis in PET studied by insitu quadrupole mass spectroscopy has revealed the bulk modification mechanism. The variation of the quadrupole yields (Torr) of the major radiolysis products (H₂, CO, C₂H₄) as a function of electronic energy density (eV/cm5) explains the gradual modification pathways occurring in steps, and provides information about the nature of ion track. Further, in sharp contrast to the previous results, the most characteristic crystalline stretching and bending bands in PET have shown significant rise in their respective FTIR absorbance intensities at a considerable higher LET (~14 keV/nm), along with the absence of previously reported unsaturations such as alkynes at both the LET beam used (~10 keV/nm, 14 keV/nm). It appears most probable from the results that the molecular dipoles in PET get realigned upon a threshold LET irradiation into a highly ordered state of cross linked chain molecules forming a periodic hydrogen bridge amongst affinity groups facilitating more tighter packing and perfect bonding of the chain element with each other and thereby creating volume elements as crystallites.

5 illus, 23 ref

004186   Kotwal V B;Saifee M;Inamdar N;Bhise K (Allana College of Pharmacy, , K.B. Hidayatullah Road, Azam Campus, Pune-411 001, Email: prof.kiranbhise@yahoo.com) : Biodegradable polymers: which, when and why?. Indian J pharm Sci 2007, 69(5), 616-25.

The plethora of drug therapies and types of drugs demand different formulations, fabrications conditions and release kinetics. No single polymer can satisfy all the requirements. Therefore there have been tremendous advances in area of biodegradable copolymers over the last 30 years. Article reviews current research on biodegradable polymers, focusing their potential as drug carries. The major classes of polymers are briefly discussed with regard to synthesis, properties and biodegradability, and known degradation modes and products are indicated based on studies reported in the literature. A vast majority of biodegradable polymers studied belongs to the polyester family, which includes polyglycolides and polylactides. Other degradable polymers such as polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides and polyphosphazenes are also discussed and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.

3 illus, 3 tables, 81 ref

004185   Khan I Z;Aqil M;Usman H (Chemistry Dep, Maiduguri Univ, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri-Nigeria) : Synthesis of bisisoflavone-part V. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 47-51.

Synthesis of bischalcone (I), dibenzyl bischalcone (II), dibenzyl bischalcone epoxide(III) and bisisoflavone (IV) were carried out. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of their spectral properties.

1 illus, 5 ref

004184   Jowhar T N (NO, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 GMS Road, Dehra Dun-248 001, Email: thjowhar@wing.res.in) : Significance of chemical zoning in garnets. Indian Mineralogist 2007, 41(2), 200-10.

Compositional zoning of silicate minerals has been recognized as a common feature in numerous geological environments. Compositional zoning which is a disequilibrium feature is most frequently observed in metamorphic garnets where the relatively slow diffusion kinetics prevent complete chemical homogenization across the grain. This paper reviews formation of chemical zoning in garnets and its significance. Chemical zoning preserved in zoned garnets can be utilized to infer metamorphic P-T paths. Diffusion modeling of zoned garnets is an easily accessible, fast and efficient means of accessing durations of thermal and tectonic processes in metamorphic rocks.

39 ref

004183   Gunjan Kumari;Sharma S R;Mishra L K (Chemistry Dep, Patna Univ, Patna-800 005) : Structural studies of complexes of substituted benzothiomorpholides with Pd(II) and Pt(II). Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 43-6.

Four coordinated complexes of Benzothiomorpholide (L¹), o-chloro, p-chloro-, o-methoxy- and p-methoxy benzothiomorpholides (L) with Pd (II) and Pt (II) of composition [ML₂X₂] (M = Pd²⁺ or Pt²⁺, X = Cl, Br, 1 or NCS and L = all morpholides) have been prepared and characterised by elemental analysis, electrical conductance value, magnetic susceptibility - measurement and studies of i.r. and uv spectra. The complexes were found to be diamagnetic and uv spectra were similar to planar Pd (II) and Pt (II) complexes. The i.r spectra indicated 'S' bonded unidentate behaviour of these thio ligands in complexes.

12 ref

004182   Gunjan Kumari;Mishra L K;Shrma S R;Mishra L K (Chemistry Dep, Patna Univ, Patna-800 005) : Bimetallic complexes of salicylaldehydemorpholine-N-thihydrazone and salicylaldehydepiperidine-N-thiohydrazone complexes of some divelent metal ions. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 1-8.

The bimetallic complexes containing Cu (II) as common metal ion with salicylaldehydemorpholine-N-thiohydrazone (H₂ salmth) and salicylaldehyde piperidine-N-thiohydrazone (H₂ salpipth) of composition [M(LH)₂ CuCb] [M=Co^II, Ni^II, Zn_II, Cd_II and Cu_II and LH₂ = H₂ salmth or H₂ salpipth] have been prepared and characterised. The IR, UV, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductance measurement of the complexes were performed to propose the structure of the complexes.

2 tables, 17 ref

004181   Garba S T;Dimari G A;Idris;Aliyu M;Khan I Z (Chemistry P.M.B. 1069 Dep, Maiduguri, Nigeria) : Analysis of red and white onion species of Allium cepa for some trace elements. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 9-12.

Red and white onion species of Allium cepa collected from Maiduguri the state capital of Borno state, Nigeria, were analyzed for the trace elements Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, using atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS),unicamp (model 969) connected to computer. The results obtained showed that, red onion has the highest concentration of all the elements determined with Zn having the highest level of 236.21 ppm, followed by Fe, 144.46 ppm, then Cu, 9.65 ppm and lastly Mn with 5.20 ppm. Although Cu has the least concentration of 0.92 ppm in white onion, Mn has the highest level of 4.75 ppm followed by Fe, 3.56 ppm then Zn with 1.88 ppm. The variation in the levels of these elements in the samples may be due to the level of the elements in the soil and/or the ability of the plants to absorb or retain the elements.

1 table, 12 ref

004180   Dharmaraja J;Krishnasamy K (Chemistry Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: krishbala56@yahoo.co.in) : Oxidation of cyclohexanol by benzimidazolium fluorochromate: a kinetic and mechanistic study. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(1), 77-85.

The kinetics of oxidation of cyclohexanol by benzimidazolium fluorochromate (BIFC) has been studied in 50% aqueous acetic acid medium at 308 K. The reaction is first order with respect to [oxidant] and fractional order with respect to [substrate]. This oxidation reaction is catalysed by H⁺ ions and decrease the dielectric constant of the medium decreases the rate. The reaction has been conducted at four different temperature and the activation parameters were calculated. Consistent with the observed kinetic results a suitable mechanism was proposed and substantiated with rate law.

4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

002157   Yadav M;Gupta G D;Tripathi R P;Rastogi R B (NO, S.D.J. P.G. College, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh) : Synthesis and characterization of molybdenum and tungsten complexes of 1-aryl-5-phenyl-1-thiobiurets. Chem envir Res 2007, 16(3-4), 251-56.

Molybdenum and tungsten complexes of the type M₂O₄L₂(H₂O)₂ [where M = Mo(V), W(V); L = 1,5 diphenyl-1, 2-thiobiuret (PPTBH), 1-p-methylphenyl-5-phenyl-2-thiobiuret (MePPTBH), l-p-methoxyphenyl-5-phenyl-2-thiobiuret (MeOPPTBH), 1-p-chlorophenyl-5-phenyl-2-thiobiuret (C1PPTBH)] have been synthesized. The complexes are non-ionic and diamagnetic in nature. Electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the complexes with metal ion in +5 oxidation state. Infrared spectral studies indicate monoanionic bidentate chelating behaviour of the complexes. X-ray powder diffraction of the complexes show their amorphous nature.

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

002156   Vijaya Lakshmi K;Sreehari Sastry S (Physics Dep, Acharya Nagarjuma Univ, Nagarjuma Nagar-522 510, Email: yvlakshmimsc@yahoo.co.uk) : Induced smectic-G phase through intermolecular hydrogen bonding: part XIX: influence of p-n-alkyl benzoic acids on thermal and phase behaviour of hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect D 2008, 27(1), 75-83.

A new series of intermolecular hydrogen bonded compounds has been synthesized by mixing mesogenic p-n-alkyl benzoic acids (where alkyl chain length varies from Pentyl to Decyl) and non-mesogenic Dodecyl-p-hydroxy benzoate (DDHB). The characterization of H-bonded compounds has been done through polarizing thermal microscope and DSC techniques. Smectic G phase having smooth mosaic texture is induced in the H-bonded compounds with the quenching of the nematic phase present in the pure compounds of nBA. A detailed FTIR spectral investigation indicates the establishment of ordered S_G phase with the formation of intermolecular H-bonding.

4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

002155   Varghese D;Balekar N;Jain D K (College of Pharmacy, IPS Academy, Rajendra Nagar, A.B. Road, Indore-452 012) : Historical review of alcohol: the devils drink. Antiseptic 2008, 105(3), 134-37.

Alcoholic beverages date hack to the very early part of man' s history. Many archaeologists believe that wines made from grapes have existed for more than 10,000 years ago and that drinks such as mead and beer have existed for even longer. Throughout its history, alcohol has been used socially for many diverse purposes, such as calming feuds, giving courage in battle, sealing pacts and celebrating festivals. Historians speculate that prehistoric nomads may have made beer from grain and water before learning to make bread. Alcoholic beverages also served as sources of nutrients and food energy and were widely used for their medicinal, antiseptic, and analgesic properties. Civilization continued to flourish and so did alcohol consumption and production. Alcohol -- a journey through its genesis.

6 ref