000162   Banda S F (Chemistry Dep, Zambia Univ, Box 32379, Lusaka, (Zambia)) : Synthesis and S0₂ uptake studies in THF solution of MnLI₂ complexes (L= vpaO₂, vppO₂, and dpaeO₂). Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 499-504.

Quadra-coordinated manganese(II) dihalide complexes containing bidentate diphosphine dioxide, diarsine dioxide and a mixed phosphine oxide/arsine oxide, Mn(ligand)X₂, X=halide, have been synthesised and characterized. The complexes for which X = I react with SO₂ inTHF solution and show varying affinity towards the SO₂ gas when amount of gas is varied. At low partial pressure of sulfur dioxide complexes with the unsaturated ligand show significant absorption as compared to the complex with a saturated backbone. Absorption saturation curves have been obtained for iodo complexes Mn(dpaeO₂)l₂, Mn(vppO₂)l₂ and Mn(vpaO₂)l₂, [dpaeO₂ = Ph₂As(O)CH₂CH₂P(O)Ph₂ vppO₂ = Ph₂ P(O)CH:CH₂ P(O)Ph₂ and vpaO₂ =Ph₂ As(6)CH:CHAs(O)Ph₂].

2 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

000161   Ashok M;Muralidhar Reddy P;Shanker K;Ravinder V (Chemistry Dep, Kkatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Synthesis and spectral studies of Ru(II) organometallics containing amide ligands. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 599-603.

Three ruthenium(l I) organometallics of the type, RuCI₂(NO)(PPh₃)(L₂) (where L = amide ligand) have been synthesized.These are characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis IR, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR spectra. The probable structures of these organometallics have been discussed. They were used as catalysts for the hydrolysis of rivastigmine tartrate and the percent yields of hydrolyzed products of these drugs were determined spectrophotometrically.

000160   Ashok Kumar;Yadav J;Vishnoi U;Shelly;Sharma K K (Chemical Laboratory, B.S.A. College, Mathura) : Flavone glycoside naringenin-4'-o-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1-4)-o-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from the seeds of Asparagus racemosus (Willd). Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 713-18.

The plant is a climber growing to 1-2 m in length. The leaves are like pine-needles, small and uniform. The inflorescence has tiny white flowers, in small spikes. The roots are finger-like, and clustered. The water soluble portion of the seeds of Asparagus racemosus gave all the tests for flavonoid glycoside. The glycoside isolated contain a mixture of glycoside and sugar which were separated by column chromatography.The glycoside obtained was highly soluble in alcohol and ethyl acetate and its purity was established by thin layer and paper chromatography.

5 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

000159   Ashnagar A;Naseri N G;Farahani A Z (Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum, Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (Iran)) : Inclusion complexation of β - cyclodextrin - metronidazole and determination of its stability constant (K) by U.V. visible spectroscopy. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 423-30.

Inclusion complexation between the drug metronidazole as the guest molecule and β - cyclodextrin as the host molecule at pH=6.5, 7, 7.4 and λ_max= 319 nm by using U.V.-Visible spectroscopy was investigated. Two different concentrations of metronidazole were used. 5 mL solutions consisting of a known and constant amount of metronidazole (in the first series of experiments with concentration of [3.88 x 10^-5 mol/L] and in the second series of experiments, with saturated solution) and varying amounts of β - cyclodextrin were prepared in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The final solutions had β - cyclodextrin concentrations between 0.0011 M and 0.015 M. U.V. spectrum of each solution was taken at λ_max= 319 nm. The absorbances at λ_max= 319 nm were recorded and plotted against β - cyclodextrin concentrations. From the graph, the concentrations of free and bound metronidazole and free β - cyclodextrin were calculated by using the Beer-Lambert law. In the case of unsaturated solution of metronidazole, a stability constant of K= 37.7 ± 8.16 mol/L and in the case of saturated solution of metronidazole, a stability constant constat of K=57 mol/L was obtained.

4 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

000158   Ashnagar A;Gharib Naseri N;Nematollahi M (School of Pharmacy, Jundi Shapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz (Iran)) : Synthesis of dopamine hydrochloride from Vanillin. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 455-60.

Synthesis of dopamine hydrochloride was achieved in a nine step procedure from Vanillin. Acetylation of Vanillin followed by hydrolysis, resulted in the formation of Ferulic acid. Methylation of ferulic acid afforded methyl-3,4-dimethoxycinnamate which was subsequently hydrolysed to give 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid. Hydrogenation of the latter with amalgamated sodium resulted in the formation of 3,4-dimethoxyhydrocinnamic acid. This acid was converted to the corresponding acid chloride, then to the corresponding amide. Treatment of the amide with sodium hypochlorite resulted in the formation of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine. Finally, the amine was refluxed in concentrated hydrochloric acid to give dopamine hydrochloride.

4 sch, 5 ref

000157   Arivoli S;Sumathi M;Bharathiraja K; Senthilkumar S;Rajachandrasekar T (P.G. Department of Chemistry, M.R. Government Arts College, Mannargudi-614 001) : Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of copper metal ion onto acid activated low cost carbon. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 523-32.

Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of copper ion onto acid activated carbon prepared. From this, the operating variables studied were initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, effect of other ions, regeneration and contact time. Equilibrium data fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. From this adsorption efficiency, adsorption energy, adsorption capacity, intensity of adsorption and dimensionless separation factor were calculated. From the kinetic studies the rate constant values for the adsorption process was calculated. From the effect of temperature thermodynamic parameters like ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were calculated. The mechanism of adsorption for that copper onto carbon has investigated by using the experimental results.

7 illus, 6 tables, 28 ref

000156   Aref-Azar H;Moghimi A (Physics Dep, Saveh Campus Islamic Azad Univ, Saveh (Iran)) : On-line preconcentration by a schiff's base adsorbed on surfactant coated activated carbon and determination of nickel in natural water samples by flow injection-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (FI-ICP-OES). Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 491-7.

An on-line nickel preconcentration and determination system implemented with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) associated to flow injection (Fl) was studied. Trace amounts of nickel were preconcentrated by sorption on a conical minicolumn packed with activated carbon (AC) modified with a Schiffs base 1,2-bis(salicylidene amino)ethane(SALET) at pH 5.0. The nickel was removed from the minicoiumn with 20% nitric acid. An enrichment factor of 80-fold for a sample volume of 50 ml was obtained. The detection limit (DL) value for the preconcentration method proposed was 78 ngl. The precision for ten replicate determinations at the 0.5 μgl M Ni level was 2.5% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), calculated from the peak heights obtained. The calibration graph preconcentration method for nickel was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 at levels near the detection limits (DL) up to at least 110 μg I. The method was successfully applied to the determination of nickel in natural water samples.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

000155   Aref-Azar H;Moghimi A (NO, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Iran) : Selective pre-concentration and solid phase extraction of mercuty (II) from natural water by alumina -loaded 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid phases. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 437-44.

Alumina phase loaded with 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid (ACDA), were synthesized based on chemical binding and physical adsorption approaches.The stability of a chemically modified 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid (ACDA) especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid which was then used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of alumina immobilized 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid (ACDA). The application of this alumina for sorption of a series of metal ions was performed by using different controlling factors such as the pH of metal ion solution and the equilibration shaking time by the static technique. This difference was interpreted on the basis of selectivity incorporated in these sulfur containing alumina phases. Hg(II) was found to exhibit the highest affinity towards extraction by these alumina phases. The pronounced selectivity was also confirmed from the determined distribution coefficient (Kd) of all the metal ions, showing the highest value reported for mercury(II) to occur by alumina immobilized 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid (ACDA). The potential applications of alumina 2-amino-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylic acid (ACDA) phase for selective extraction of mercury(II) to occur from aqueous solution were successfully accomplished as well as pre- concentration of low concentration of Hg(II) (40 pg ml^-1) from natural tap water with a pre-concentration factor of 200 for Hg(II) off-line analysis by cold vapor atomic absorption analysis.

1 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

000154   Antony R;Pillai C K S (Polymer Div, RRL (CSIR), Trivandrum, Email: rosy_antony3@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies of boron containing phenolic and cardanolic polymers. Indian J chem Technol 2007, 14(5), 529-31.

Boron containing phenolic and cardanolic polymers were synthcsized by transesterification and futher polymerization with hexamethylenetetramine. Flammability and thermal stability of these polymers were evaluated by LOI and TGA, respectively, and compared with those of conventional phenol-formaldehyde and cardanol-formaldehyde resins. The polymers showed better flame retardancy and high thermal stability. The borate esters enhance the char formation decomposition reactions with the retention of the boric oxide surface coating during high temperature exposure of the phenolic mass and thus impart flame retardancy and thermal stability.

1 illus, 13 ref

000153   Anant Prakash;Ahmad S (Chemistry Dep, Bareily College, Bareilly) : Synthesis and characterisation of schiff base complexes with Ti(III) and VO (IV). Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 755-8.

Schiff bases synthesised by the reaction of salicylaldehyde, 5-chloro salicylaldehyde and L-histidine, L-tryptophan, L-valine, L-methionine and L-glycine were characterised by melting points, elemental analyses and I.R. spectra. The complexes of these Schiff bases have been synthesised with Titanium (III) and oxovanadium (IV) and characterised by melting points, molar conductance, electronic and I.R. spectra and TGA. On the basis of these studies octahedral geometry have been proposed for these complexes.

1 illus, 18 ref

000152   Aloko D F;Mohammed A D (Chemical Engineering Dep, Federal University of Technology, P.M. B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria) : Biocide injection as a means of internal corrosion control of oil pipelines. Indian J chem Technol 2007, 14(5), 536-8.

This research work is aimed at investigating the effect of biocide injection in the treatment of internal corrosion of oil pipelines. In this research, carefully formulated laboratory experiments arc performed on a sample of sump lank discharge from Mobil Producing Nigeria (MPN) offshore facilities using formaldehyde (methanol) as the biocide. This is to assess its effect on bacterial proliferation as well as hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) formation, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The result from the turbidity observed in untreated cultures showed that bacterial growth had occurred in them and such growth must have been hindered by the formaldehyde in the treated aerobic and anaerobic cultures. A blackening of lead acetate paper observed with emanating rotten egg smell gas is an indication for the formation of hydrogen sulphide gas. Biocide (formaldehyde) has proved to be efficient at combating bacterial growth and hydrogen sulphide production by the bacteria. These results show that biocide can be used to prevent internal corrosion of oil pipeline since it inhibits hydrogen sulphide formation from metabolism of the bacteria.

1 table, 7 ref

000151   Al-Zaydi K M;Al-Shamary A (Chemistry Dep, Girl's College of Education, Jeddah, P.O. 50918 Jeddah - 215 33 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)) : Functionally substituted 1-alkylbenzotriazoles in heterocyclic synthesis: synthesis and reactivity of benzotriazol-1-yl amides. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 387-92.

The reactivity of benzotriazol-1-yl amides toward nucleophiles and electrophiles is reported. Several novel benzotriazolyl derivatives have been synthesized.

3 sch, 11 ref

000150   Agrawal N;Singh A (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: anirudhsinghunivjpr@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, physicochemical characterisation and chemical properties of the first nonaalkoxo-distannates and dititanates of nickel(II). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2007, 46(12), 1938-46.

Heterobimetallic alkoxides of the types [Ni{M₂(OR)₉(μ-Cl)}]₂ (1)-(4)and [Ni{M₂(OR)₉)₂] (5)-(8) (where M = Sn, Ti; R = Prⁱ Et) have been prepared by the reactions of NiCl₂.xROH (R = Prⁱ Et) with M'{M₂(OR)₉} (M' = Na, K) in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios in benzene, respectively. The chloro complexes (l)-(4) on reactions with appropriate alkali metal alkoxides yield alkoxo analogues: [NH{Sn₂(OPrⁱ)₉} (μ-OPrⁱ)]₂ (10), [Ni{Sn₂(OEt)₉}(μ-OEt)]₂ (11), [Ni{Ti₂(OPrⁱ)₉}(μ-OPrⁱ)]₂ (12), [lNi{Ti₂(OEt)₉}(μ-OEt)]₂ (13), [Ni{Sn₂(OPrⁱ)₉}(μ-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)]₂ (14), [Ni{Sn₂(OEt)₉}(μ-OCH₂CH₂ OCH₃)]₂ (15), [Ni{Sn₂(OP_r^j)₉} (μ-OCH₂CH₂OC₂H₂)]₂(16), [Ni{Sn₂(OEt)₉}(μ-OCH₂CH₂OC₂ H₅)]₂(17), [Ni{Sn₂(OP_r^j)₉}(μ-OCH₂CH ₂NHCH₃)]₂ (18), and [Ni{Sn₂(OEt)₉}(μ-OCH₂CH₂NHCH3) ]₂ (19). All these complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, spectroicopic (UV-vis, and 1R) and magnetic studies as well as by molecular weight measurements.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

000149   Agarwal A (Anni Laboratories, 4/334, , Kacheri Ghat, Agra-282 004) : Synthesis of some phosphate mono-esters. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 773-4.

Organophosphates are widely recognised as one of the important fine chemicals used in different chemical processes. They are tribasic acid due to the presence of three hydroxyl group, which are formed by the replacement of acidic hydrogen atom by an alkyl or aryl groups or their substituted derivative. Organophosphates are the derivatives of orthophosphoric acid and infinite reminification are possible by making changes in substitutents attached to its phosphorus atom through specific linkages likely C-O-P, C-N-P etc.

8 ref

000148   Acharya B B;Mohanty S;Roy G S (Physics Dep, Christ College, Cuttack) : Structure and properties of lightly cross-linked polyethylene, crystallized from the melt under uniaxialy stretching. Indian J chem Technol 2007, 14(5), 532-5.

A lightly crosslinked sample when stretched in a molten state, transformation to crystalline state first takes place from the stretched molecular chains. It is observed that this mode of crystallization produces a very unique phase structure associated with many characteristic properties which are advantageous for practical use.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

000147   Abualreish M J A (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umdurman Islamic Univ, Umdurman (Sudan)) : C-C percentage oxidative cleavage of the lactose molecule by potassium peroxydisulphate. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 577-82.

4 illus, 7 tables, 10 ref

000146   Abualreish M J A (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umdurman Islamic Univ, Umdurman (Sudan)) : Spectrophotometric investigation of the physical adsorption of glucose on barium sulphate crystallites in aqueous negatively charged solution at room temperature. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 505-14.

The physical adsorption of glucose on barium sulphate crystallites in aqueous negatively charged solution was investigated by spectrophotometric method. It has been observed that the adsorption of BaSO₄ crystallites that carry negative charges is fairly enhanced over that carry positive or no charges. The variation of the equilibrium concentrations (C) with the amount of glucose adsorbed (X) fits nicely with Freundlich-Langmuir isotherms.

8 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

000145   Abualreish M J A (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umdurman Islamic Univ, Umdurman (Sudan)) : Determination of the metal - ligand ratio in the complex Cu (II) - p-chloro - N-phenyl- p-chlorobenzo hydroxamic acid. Oriental J Chem 2007, 23(2), 483-90.

The metal - ligand ratio in the complex Copper⁺²- p - chloro - N- phenyl- p-chlorobenzo hydroxamic acid was determined spectrophotometrically. The ligand p-chloro - N- phenyl- p-chlorobenzo hydroxamic acid was synthesized and identified. The pH at maximum extraction of the ligand PCNPPCBHA to the metal Copper⁺² and the ratio of the metal: ligand were determined.

4 illus, 10 tables, 10 ref