006158   Unguresan M L;Gligor D M (Chemical Dep, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Email: Mihaela.Unguresan@chem.utcluj.ro) : Numerical modelling and simulation of Koutecky-Levich equation for NADH electrocatalytic oxidation at graphite electrodes modified with a new polymeric phenothiazine. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 206-10.

A mathematical model has been developed for the electrocatalytic NADH oxidation process taking place at graphite electrodes modified with a polymer of phenothiazine formaldehyde. The electrocatalytic rate constants (k_obs) have been obtained from rotating disk electrode experiments, at various concentrations of NADH and pH values of the supporting electrolyte. Using the method of linear regression, the kinetic parameters k_obs[NADH]=0, k₊₂ and K_M have been determined. Based on the results obtained, the numerical simulation of these parameters corresponding to electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH, using the modified graphite electrode, has been obtained. The experimental data overlap almost perfectly with the mathematical and numerical simulated data, proving the validity of the model.

006157   Srinivasan G V;Geetha Devi K T;Balachandran I (Phytochemistry Div, Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal-676 503) : Comparison of lupeol content in Aerva lanata and Rotula aquatica by HPLC method. Aryavaidyan 2008, 21(4), 200-3.

A simple HPLC technique was developed to compare lupeol content in the aerial part (leaves, stem and flowers) of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. and the roots of Rotula aquatica Lour. Chloroform extract of both species were taken for comparison. The concentration of lupeol in the chloroform extract was determined using a C-18 reverse phase column with a mobile phase of methanol: water (55:45 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min^-1 and with UV detection at 240 nm. HPLC analysis revealed that lupeol content is higher in the aerial part of Aerva lanata.

3 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

006156   Srinivasan B R;Sawant J V;Raghavaiah P (Chemistry Dep, Goa University, Goa-403 206, Email: srini@unigoa.ac.in) : On the distorted {NiN₆} octahedron in hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II) bis(4-nitrobenzoate) dihydrate. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 181-88.

The reaction of [Ni(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ with the sodium salt of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-nbaH) in the presence of imidazole results in the formation of the title compound hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II) bis(4-nitrobenzoate) dihydrate (1). Compound (1) is dehydrated to hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II) bis(4-nitrobenzoate) (2) by heating at 100°C. Both compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, X-ray powder pattern and thermal studies. The title compound [Ni(Im)₆](4-nba)₂.2H₂O (1) crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group Pi with the Ni(II) situated on an inversion center. The structure of (1) consists of a distorted octahedral hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II) cation, a free uncoordinated 4-nba anion and a lattice water with half of the molecule accounting for the asymmetric unit. In the complex cation the central metal is bonded to six neutral terminal Im ligands. The distortion of the {NiN₆}octahedron in (1) is discussed in terms of the difference between the longest and shortest Ni-N bonds. A comparative study of several [Ni(Im)₆]²⁺ compounds in different structural environments is described. In the crystal structure, the cation, anion and lattice water are linked by three types of H-bonding interactions comprising two O-HúúúO, three N-HúúúO and three C-HúúúO interactions. Each hexacoordinated Ni(II) complex cation is linked to eight symmetry related 4-nba anions and four different lattice water molecules via N-HúúúO and C-HúúúO interactions, while each 4-nba anion is H-bonded to four complex cations and two symmetry related lattice water molecules. Pairs of [Ni(Im)₆]²⁺ cations and 4-nba anions are linked to lattice water molecules via O-HúúúO and C-HúúúO interactions. As a result of the hydrogen bonding interactions, the cations and anions are organized into alternating layers.

006155   Sood M L (Chemistry Dep, Alemaya Univ, P.O. Box 298, Ethiopia, Africa, Email: mlsood28@yahoo.co.in) : Water diffusivity of germinating seed - theory and experiment. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2007, 30(3-4), 99-111.

Theory of water diffusion in germinating seed is proposed by restating Fick's law of diffusion in terms of particle density gradient rather than using water potential or concentration concept. The validity of the theory has been checked by carrying out diffusion experiments using seeds of wheat and soybean crop varieties at 30ø C. The results of water diffusivities obtained has clearly indicated the validity of particle density gradient concept and the values 0.0227* 10^{- 5}cm²/s, 0.0217* 10^-5cm²/s, 0.0339* lO'W/s and 0.0365*10^{- 5}cm²/s of diffusion coefficients for the PBW- 343, WH-542 wheat and PK-416, SL-295 soybean varieties approximately agree with those obtained by earlier workers and with those obtained for five wheat (viz Har-3116,Har-1781,Har-3354,Stmba and Bobicho)and seven maize genotypes (v/z.DTP-l,AL-Comp,BH-660,Pop-902x903,Paras, Parkash and Kesri ). An attempt has also been made to define and estimate the critical time for germination based on steady-state conditions obtained during diffusion experiments. The application of the critical time for germination to enhance germination in wheat and soybean genotypes has been experimentally verified. The diffusion rate of soybean seeds, on an average, was found to be higher by 1.6 times in comparison to wheat.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

006154   Sharon M;Sharon M (Nano Technology Research Centre, Birla College, Kalyan-421 304) : Carbon nanomaterials: application in physico-chemical systems and biosystems. Def Sci J 2008, 58(4), 460-85.

Various forms of carbon and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and a new approach to classify them on the basis of sp²-sp³ configuration are presented. Utilising the concept of junction formation (like p:n junction) a concept is developed to explain the special reactivity of nanosized carbon materials. Geometric consideration of chiral and achiral symmetry of singlewalled carbon nanotubes is presented which is also responsible for manifesting special properties of carbon nanotubes. A brief introduction to various common synthesis techniques of CNMs is given. There is increased chemical and biological activities have resulted in many engineered nanoparticles, which are being designed for specific purposes, including diagnostic or therapeutic medical uses and environmental remediation.

^iia24 illus, 114 ref

006153   Samanta A (Chemistry Dep, Hyderabad Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: assc@uohyd.ernet.in) : Molecule matters, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile: a twist in the excited state?. Resonance 2007, 12(7), 79-85.

4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile, popularly known as DMABN, has received tremendous attention for nearly five decades. outlines some of the features of the molecule that have made it such an interesting system to study, such as fluorescence emission in two wavelengths. Highlights how limited our understanding of the excited state structure of a small molecule like DMABN is, despite the availability of various resources to investigate it.

3 illus, 11 ref

006152   Sachdeva D;Gupta N;Balasubramaniam R (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Electrochemical characterisation of nanocrystalline nickel. Def Sci J 2008, 58(4), 525-30.

Nanocrystalline nickel (nc-Ni) coatings were produced by pulse electrodeposition using Watts bath with sodium citrate and saccharin added as grain refining agents. The electrochemical nature of nc-Ni coatings, evaluated in 1M H₂SO₄ solution by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion rate of bulk nickel was lower than that of nc-Ni after stabilization of free corrosion potential.

4 illus, 13 ref

006151   Patel R N (Chemistry Dep, A P S University, Rewa-486 003, Email: rnp64@yahoo.co.uk) : Synthesis, characterization and superoxide dismutase activity of a series of copper(II) complexes containing NNO donor Schiff base and benzimidazole ligands. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 173-80.

Several mixed ligand copper(II) complexes, viz., [Cu(BPS)(ImH)](ClO₄) (1), [Cu(BPS)(MeImH)](ClO₄) (2), [Cu(BPS) (EtImH)](ClO₄) (3), [Cu(BPS)(BenzImH)]ClO₄.0.5H₂O (4) and [Cu(BPS)(MeBenzImH)]ClO₄ (5), where BPS = benzoylpyridine 4-phenylsemicarbazone, ImH = imidazole, MeImH = 2-methylimidazole, EtImH = 2-ethylimidazole, BenzImH = benzimidazole, MeBenzImH = 2-methylbenzimidazole have been synthesized and characterized by the elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, FAB mass, IR, electronic, EPR spectral and cyclic voltammetric studies. The BenzImH complex (4) is structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Complex (4) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters: a = 10.104(3)Å, b = 10.924(3)Å, c = 13.128(3)Å, α = 80.21(2)° , β = 70.63(3)°, γ = 89.61(2) and Z = 2. The one electron paramagnetic complexes show a d-d band near 700nm in DMSO and a cyclic voltammetric response due to Cu(II)/Cu(I) couple. The complexes show the presence of a distorted square planar CuN₂O₂ coordination geometry. Superoxide dismutase activity of the present complexes has also been studied.

006150   Nath M A;Rastogi R P;Peerzada G M (Chemistry Dep, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Email: nath_masood@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative study on the oscillatory behaviour of isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid with and without methyl ketones. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 211-14.

The oscillatory behaviour of isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid has been studied in 1.0 M H₂SO₄ with and without methyl ketones as mixed substrates. The presence of Br^- and the critical bromide ion concentration have been found to have a key role in the present study. Moreover, the effect of ketones such as acetone, butanone and pentanone has also been found to affect the oscillatory characteristics such as induction period, time period, frequency and number of oscillations. The oscillations arise in such systems provided the inhibitory reaction and autocatalysis balance each other.

006149   Malik M A;Ilyas M;Khan Z (Chemistry Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110 025, Email: drkhanchem@yahoo.co.in) : Kinetics of permanganate oxidation of synthetic macromolecule poly(vinyl alcohol). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 189-93.

Oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by permanganate has been studied spectrophotometrically at 525 and 420nm. Under pseudo-first order conditions ([PVA] >> [MnO_4-]), the reaction rate increases with [PVA] and the kinetics reveals complex order dependence on [PVA]. The second-order kinetics with respect to [H₂SO₄] at low concentration shifts to first-order at higher concentration. Water soluble colloidal MnO₂ has been identified as an intermediate in the reduction of MnO_4- by PVA. The hydrogen ions decrease the stability of colloidal MnO₂. Poly(vinyl ketone) is found to be the final oxidation product of PVA. Inorganic electrolytes like NaF, Na₄P₂O₇ and MnCl₂ (a product of the reaction), have inhibitory and composite effects (inhibition and catalysis) on the reaction rate. Arrhenius and Eyring equations have been used to evaluate the activation parameters. The observed results are discussed in terms of Michaelis-Menten kinetic model. A mechanism has been proposed on the basis of experimental findings.

006148   Maiyalagan T;Viswanathan B (National Centre for Catalysis Research, Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: bvnathan@iitm.ac.in ) : Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of poly(o- poly(o-phenylenediamine) nanotubes by template method. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 198-201.

The fabrication of conducting poly (o-phenylenediamine) nanotube by electropolymerisation on alumina wafers (Whatman Anodisc 47 filter disk) is described. The nanotubes have been characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, TEM and AFM studies. SEM and TEM results reveal that the polymer nanotubes have uniform and well-aligned arrays and their diameter and length match with the aspect ratios of the anodisc aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane.

006147   Han X (Applied Chemistry Dep, College of Food Science & Biotechnology Enginee, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, PR China) : Influence of rare earths on activity and selectivity of hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene over PtM/C (M=La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm) catalysts. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 168-72.

Hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene has been studied over Pt/C and PtM/C catalysts (M= Sm, Pr, Ce, Nd and La) in ethanol at 303 K and normal pressure. The effect of substrate concentration and reaction temperature has also been investigated over PtCe/C catalyst. The hydrogenation has been carried out over Pt/C catalyst. The order of the hydrogenation of choloronitrobenzene is p>o>m, and that of the yield of chloroaniline is: p>o>m. The conversion of chloronitrobenzene is >99% and chloroaniline is the main product on hydrogenation over PtM/C catalysts. PtCe/C catalyst exhibits the best catalytic activity (TOF = 0.47 s^-1) and the highest yield of p-CAN (96.6 mol%). PtLa/C catalyst gives the best yield for m-chloroaniline (95.8 mol%) and o-chloroaniline (96.5 mol%). PtCe/C (0.1 wt%) catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and stability on the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene.

006146   Gutman I;Durdevic J;Radenkovic S;Burmudzija A (Faculty of Science, , P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia, Email: gutman@kg.ac.yu) : Energetic properties of fluoranthenes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(2), 194-97.

Fluoranthenes form a class of polycyclic conjugated molecules, structurally very similar to benzenoid systems. They consist of two benzenoid units joined through a five-membered ring. The basic features of the structure dependence of the total p-electron energy of fluoranthenes have been established. The focus of the studies is on the joinder energy, i.e., the difference between the total p-electron energy of a fluoranthene and of its two benzenoid units.

006145   Gupta R L;Prasad D (Agricultural Chemicals Div, I.A.R.I., New Delhi-110 012) : Quantitative structure activity relationship study for nematicidal activity of O,O-diaryl O-2-chloroethyl phosphorothionates. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2008, 16(2), 481-4.

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) of a series of O,O-diaryl O-2-chloroethyl phospnorothionates and their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita was analysed using physico-chemical parameters of the molecules by means of multiple regression analysis. The electronic effect of ortho-substituents in benzene ring expressed as Swain-Lupton constant (F) along with steric parameters of para and ortho-substituents expressed either as STERIOMOL, B1(p) and B4(o) or as Molar Refractivity, MR(p) and MR (o) was the major determinant for the nematicidal activity of the compounds in test series.

3 tables, 6 ref

006144   Ekwenye U N;Oji C A (Microbiology Dep, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, Email: ekwenyeuchechi@yahoo.com) : Quality of water from bore-holes in Umuahia, Nigeria. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2), 543-5.

Total of 20 samples of water from bore-holes in rural and urban areas of Umuahia were collected. The samples were analyzed for 13 parameters. Borehole water in Umuahia can be characterized by high acid content (acidic). Mean values for analyzed water parameters are: Temperature 27.64 C, pH 6.22, acidity 20.8 mg/liter, total alkalinity 4.25 mg, CO₂ 6.67 mg/liter, turbidity 3.25 NTU, conductivity 32.18 μs/cm, Mg²⁺ 291.55 mg/liter, Mg hardness 273.10 mg/liter, dissolved solids 16.04/1iter. Fecal coliforms (E. coil) was detected in 5% of samples. Compared with water quality criteria adopted in the USA, European Community and WHO the water quality is satisfactory.

2 tables, 12 ref

006143   Duhan A;Deen M K;Dhillon R S;Ahlawat T R; Ahlawat K S (Chemistry and Physics Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Email: a.duhan@rediffmail.com) : Effect of refining on free fatty acid and fatty acid composition of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(2), 623-8.

Seed oil (kernel and whole seed oil) of five genotypes of Jatropha curcas L. viz. Hansraj, Urly Kanchan, SKN (Big), Chattarpati and Hisar local (JH-I) were evaluated for their free fatty acid content and fatty acid composition both before and after degumming, alkali refining and bleaching process and compared with the seed oils of soybean (var PK-416), sunflower (var HSFH-484) and groundnut (var MH-4) to find out edible and biofuel importance of J. curcas seed oil. It was observed that quality of different genotypes of J. curcas seed oils were improved after refining process and therefore favors its edible and biofuel utility.

4 tables, 30 ref

006142   Devi K;Choudhary R;Satsangi A K;Gupta R K (NO, Laser Science and Technology Centre, Delhi-110 054) : Sol-gel synthesis and characteristion of nanocrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet nanopowder. Def Sci J 2008, 58(4), 545-49.

Synthesis of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) (Y₃ Al₅O₁₂) nanopowder was carried out by sol-gel method. Y(NO₃)3.6H₂O, Al(NO₃)3.9H₂O in the presence of citric acid as complexing agent were used as starting materials. YAG nanopowder was characterised by FTIR, TGA, and XRD. To get phase-pure nanocrystalline YAG powder at relatively lower temperature, calcinations at various temperatures was studied and calcination temperature was optimised. Particle size, estimated by XRD using Scherrer's equation, was found to be 28-35 nm which was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The particle morphology was studied by SEM.

^ssc5 illus, 9 ref

006141   Desiraju G R (School of Chemistry, Hyderabad Univ, Hyderabad-500 046, Email: desiraju@uohyd.ernet.in) : Chemistry: the middle kingdom. Resonance 2007, 12(7), 44-60.

Chemistry occupies a unique middle position between physics and mathematics on the one side and biology, ecology, sociology and economics on the other. It is said that chemistry is reducible into physics and finally mathematics. In moving from the covalent to the non-covalent world a new chemistry is obtained. One that is a starting point for the emergence of the soft sciences. Argues that this new chemistry represents a paradigm shift in the way in which chemists think about their subject today. Biology may be considered as emerging out of this new chemistry, which in itself cannot be reduced into physics and mathematics as was the case for chemistry thus far practiced. This dualistic nature of chemistry, reducible and irreducible, is a new development but one that ensures that the subject will remain alive and well in the foreseeable future.

43 ref

006140   Alkorta I;Goya P;Elguero J;Singh S P (NO, Instituto de Quimica Medica (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Email: shivpsingh@rediffmail.com) : Simple approach to the tautomerism of aromatic heterocycles. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2007, 30(5-6), 139-59.

Describes in a simple way the universe of the tautomerism of aromatic heterocycles. The most frequent errors are described and, at the same time, some general rules about how to proceed in tautomeric studies are provided.

33 illus, 16 ref

005195   Vijay Laxmi;Singh M (Chemistry Dep, Agra College, Agra-282 002, Email: mukhtarsingh2003@rediffmail.com) : Viscometric and thermodynamic studies of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions in the solutions of uni-univalent and bi-univalent electrolytes in purely aqueous and aqueous thiourea media at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15K. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 184-91.

Viscosities (η) and apparent molar volumes (Vφ) of solutions of uni-univalent and bi-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KC1, NH₄Cl, NaNO₃, KNO₃, NH₄NO₃ and BaCl₂, MgCl₂, Ba(NO₃)₂ and Mg(NO₃)₂) in purely aqueous and aqueous thiourea solutions have been determined at (293.15, 303.15 and 313.15) K. These data have been used to calculate the constants of Jones-Dole and Masson's equations. Activation thermodynamic quantities (Δμ₁⁰*, Δμ₂⁰*, ΔS₂⁰*, ΔH₂⁰*) of viscous flow have also been obtained. From the values of these parameters conclusions in regard to ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions have been obtained. It has also been found that all the electrolytes behave as structure makers in purely aqueous and aqueous thiourea solutions.

7 tables, 37 ref

005194   Venkatathri N (Chemistry Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: venkatahrin@yahoo.com) : Synthesis of hollow microsphere containing of cavity. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 182-3.

Novel procedure is reported for hollow silica microsphere containing cavity. Reaction with polystyrene, water, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and tetraethylorthosilicate at room temperature give silica hollow microsphere containing cavity. Initially polystyrene synthesis was achieved by dispersion polymerization. Calcinations will eliminate the organics and leave microsphere as hollow. Scanning electron micrograph was used to identify the morphology.

1 illus, 11 ref

005193   Venkatakrishna K;Tangaraj V;Hegde A C (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Srinivasnagar-575 025, Email: achegde@rediffmail.com) : Effect of bath composition and operating parameters on deposit character and corrosion behaviour of Zn-Ni alloy. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 252-8.

Electrodeposited Zn-Ni alloys arc extensively used as protective coatings For steel substrates and hence the studies on the factors which enhance corrosion resistance arc of considerable significance. The work details the optimization of acid chloride bath for bright Zn-Ni alloy over mild steel and study of the parameters which influence Ni content in the deposit. Use of sulphanilic acid and gelatin was found to show significant effect on brightness of the deposit. The effect of molar ratio of Ni⁺²/Zn⁺² in the bath on limiting current density of nickel deposition was emphasized. Under no conditions of bath compositions and operating parameters studied, the change in codeposition behaviour from anomalous to normal type was observed. The wt. %Ni in the deposit was found to be the independent factor of its corrosion resistance. The photomicrograph of electroplates confirmed that superior corrosion resistance is due to good surface morphology. The effect of bath composition, current density (c.d.), pH and temperature on appearance, hardness and corrosion resistance of deposits were studied and discussed. Corrosion behaviour of electroplates has been studied by Tafel's extrapolation method. Electrochemical impedance spcctroscopy analysis revealed that superior corrosion resistance of Zn-Ni alloy coalings at optimized current density is due to barrier resistance at the interface of deposit and medium. Formation of n-type semiconductor film at the interface was confirmed by Mott-Schottky plot. Addition of small amount of cadmium chloride did not increase corrosion resistance.

7 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

005192   Ukey V V;Juneja H D (Chemistry Dep, Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Mahatma Jyotiba Fuley Educational Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur-440 033, Email: Vaishali296@rediffmail.com) : Crystal structure of some chelate polymers of hydroxamic acid (Abpha) by x-ray diffraction studies. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1073-80.

X-ray diffraction studies of some newly synthesized chelate polymers of hydroxamic acid with some transition metal ions have been carried out. These newly synthesized chelate polymers are coloured, amorphous solid and are highly insoluble in polar and non-polar solvents. A detailed X-ray diffraction studies has been undertaken. On the basis of the data, an orthorhombic crystal structures have been proposed for these chelate polymers. The data obtained from X-ray diffraction were also used to index the compound and determination of lattice parameters and volume of unit cell.

4 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

005191   Tiwari M D;Joshi J (Chemistry Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technolog, Jaipur-17, Email: mdtiwari1978@yahoo.com ) : Chemical analysis of drinking water sample of Siroli village, Sanganer Tehsil, Jaipur district and defluoridation of water sample with FB-101 activated alumina - batch studies. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1127-32.

A physico-chemical study of the ground water sample in village of Sanganer Tehsil, Jaipur district, India has been made for parameters as pH, TDS, total hardness, fluoride, alkalinity, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, carbonate hardness, chloride, sulphate and nitrate, the removal of fluoride form water at different intervals of time and different pH with FB-101.

2 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

005190   Teotia A K;Rakesh Kumar;Ramesh chandra (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: anilacbr2002@yahoo.com) : Synthesis of diethylo-1,4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-4-[(6-chloro) thiouracil -3, 5-pyridine dicarboxylate as calcium antagonist. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 997-1004.

The treatment of aldehydes 6-chloro-l,3-diaryl-5-fonnyl-2-thiouracils (2a-f) with ethyl acetoacetate and ammonia (or amines) in presence of alcohol at reflux temperature resulted in new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (3a-f) having a 6-chlorothiouracil ring at 4-position of 1,4-dihydropyridine ring. These molecules may represent novel analogues of calcium entry blocking agent.

3 tables, 23 ref

005189   Tamrakar U;Gupta V K;Mathew S B;Pillai A K (Chemistry Dep, Govt. V.Y.T. PG Autonomous College, Durg-491 001, Email: drajaipillai@gmail.com) : Simple and sensitive method for determination of carbon disulphide in environmental and biological samples. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 306-9.

An analytical method using potassium dichromate and aiphenylcarbazide for determination of carbon disulphide has been proposed. in this method carbon disulphide reduces the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the unreduced Cr(VI) forms a pink-purple complex with diphenylcarbazide in acidic medium, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 530 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over a concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1 μg mL^-1. Molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 5.5 x 10⁵ L mol^-1 cm^-1 and 0.00013 μg cm^-2 respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The effect of interfering ions on the determination of CS₂ was studied. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of CS₂ in grain samples, fungicides (ziram, thiram) and various environmental and biological samples.

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

005188   Srivastava K P (Chemistry Dep, Jai Prakash University, Chapra-841 301, Email: kpsri@sify.com) : Spectroscopic study on solvatochromic nature of mehylene blue. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1448-52.

The UV-visible spectra of methylene blue (MB) have been recorded in selected solvents of different polarity i.e. having different dielectric constants, in order to reveal its solvatochromic nature and the solvent-solute interactions. The bathochromic shift of bands of MB has been found exactly in the order of dipole moment of the solvents but their oscillator strengths have been inversely related to the dipole moment.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

005187   Singha A S;Shama A (Applied Sciences Dep, Naional Institute of Technology (Deemed University), Hamirpur-171 005, Email: singha@recham.ernet.in) : Pressure induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto Saccharum cilliare fiber and evaluation of physico-chemical and thermal properties. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1404-16.

Graft co-polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto Saccharum cilliare fiber has been carried out in the presence of potassium persulphate and ammonium ferrous sulphate (FAS) as redox initiator. The reaction was carried out under pressure in an autoclave. Various reaction parameters such as pressure, time, pH, concentrations of initiator and monomer were optimized to get maximum graft yield (27.78 %). Raw fiber and its graft copolymer with MMA were then subjected for evaluation of different properties. The characterization of the graft copolymers was carried out by FTIR spectrophotometer, TGA/DT A and SEM studies.

14 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

005186   Singh R V;Mital S P;Swami M;Mahajan K (Chemistry Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Email: rvsjpr@hotmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and spectral studies of lanthanide (III) complexes with dibasic tridentate schiff bases. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1417-28.

The work describes the synthesis and characterization of some complexes of trivalent lanthanide with biologically potent bezothiazolines N-(2-mercaptophenyl)salicylaldimine, N-(2-mercaptophenyl)-2 hydroxyacetophenoneimine and 4-(2-mercaptophenyl)amino-3-pentane-2-one. Their physico-chemical properties were investigated using elemental analysis, molar conductance and spectral studies including IR, ¹H NMR and electronic spectra. Spectroscopic studies indicated the coordination of sulphur and the azomethine nitrogen to the metal atom. The probable structures of the complexes are proposed.

1 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref

005185   Singh R K (P.G. Chemistry Dep, M.L.T. College, Sasharsa (Bihar), Email: dr.r.k._singh@yahoo.co.in) : Solvent effect on ion-dipole type of reactions: alkali catalysed hydrolysis of ethyl picolinate in aquo-acetone medium. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1345-9.

Interpreting solvent effect on the alkali catalysed reaction is still an intriguing problem. As a part of a broad programme, the alkali catalysed hydrolysis of ethyl picolinate has been investigated conductometrically in acetone (l0 to 50%v/v) at different temperatures (298 to 318 K). Several interesting observations of solvent effect has been observed. Acetone has a rate decreasing effect. The results are discussed in terms of the solvent structure, thermodynamic properties of binary aqueous mixtures and the dielectric behavior of the medium. The activation parameters ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* have been calculated and discussed in terms of solvation effect. The value of molar polarisation energy change and size of the transition state indicates relative polarity and solvation of initial state as compared to the transition state.

4 tables, 7 ref

005184   Singh R K (Chemistry Lab P D Dep, M.L.T. College, Saharsa, Email: dr.r.k.singh@yahoo.co.in) : Approaches to synthesis of asycyanino colourants and thier characterisation. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1229-35.

Asycyanino colourants (ACC) have achieved paramount importance in applied chemistry due to their various novel applications. The number of ACC synthesised by the catalytic condensation of new auxochromic chalcones such as 4-dimethylamino stryl - 4' - nitrophenyl ketone and 4- dimethylamino styryl -4'- methoxy phenyl ketone with different electron rich quarternised azo-heteroaromatics. These ACC were obtained with a view to assess their electronic absorptivity. The asycyanino colourents were found to absorb at longer wavelengths and to show uniform bathochromic shifts compared with the unsubstituted colourants and p-substituted Styryloglles. The wavelengths of ACC recorded were in good agreement that weighting at 6-substitution in the heterocyclic systems affect as follows: I > Br > Cl > H and OEt > OMe > Me > H.

3 tables, 10 ref

005183   Singh R K (NO, , Gangjala-18, Near Pratap Chowk, Saharsa-852 201, Email: dr.r.k._singh@yahoo.co.in) : Solvation effects on mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of phenyl ethyl benzoae in aquo-acetonitrile medium. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1163-6.

Kinetics of hydrolysis of phenyl ethyl benzoate has been investigated in acetonitrile as a solvent in the temperature range from 293 K to 308 K using KCl as catalyst. The reaction shows second order kinetics. The solvent influenced the rate as well as mechanism. Acetonitrile exerts a rate decreasing effect. The results are discussed in terms of the solvent structure, thermodynamic properties of binary aqueous mixtures and dielectric behavior of the medium. The activation parameters ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* have been calculated and discussed in terms of solvation effect. Phenyl ethyl benzoate shows B_AC2 mechanism.

2 tables, 5 ref

005182   Shilmkar T N;Kolekar S S;Wadgaonkar P P;Anuse M A (Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: mansinganuse@yahoo.co.in) : Rapid extraction and separation of indium(III) with a high molecular weight amine. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 291-7.

The liquid-liquid extraction of indium(III) from sodium succinate media using n-octylaniline in toluene as an extractant was studied. Quantitative extraction of indium(III) was observed in the range of 0.004-0.0075 M sodium succinate at pH 3.8-6.0 with 4% n-octylaniline in toluene. Indium(III) was completely stripped from the metal loaded organic phase of the extraclant with water and determined complexometrically. The stoichiometry of the extracted species was determined on the basis of slope analysis. The extraction was found to proceed by a ion-pair mechanism with the extracted species being [RNH₃⁺In(succinate)₂^-]_org. Separation of indium(III) was carried out from some associated metals like Tl(I), Mg(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Gc(IV), Sb(III), Bi(III). The selectivity of the extraction of indium(III) can also be achieved by use of a suitable masking agent for estimation and determination from the synthetic mixture corresponding to alloy to show the practical utility of the extractant.

5 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

005181   Sheo Satya Prakash;Bariar D;Kumar J;Manilal; Mustafa S K;Dhar N (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, A.N. College, Patna-800 013) : Trinuclear complexes of alkali metals with anhydrous nickel salicylate and copper salicylate. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 205-7.

Ni(HSal)₂ and Cu(HSal)₂ complexes have been used as ligands in the synthesis of trinuclear alkali metal complexes having general formula [Ma(HL)₂.2MbL], where Ma = Cu^II or Ni^II; HL = salicylic acid, Mb = Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺; L = α-nitroso-β-naphthol (1N2N), 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), NaSCN and KBr. These trinuclear complexes are considerably less soluble in ethanol than the complex ligand. Magnetic spectral and infrared spectral data suggest that they are oxygen bridged trinuclear complexes.

1 table, 4 ref

005180   Sekhon B S;Srivastava J;Sarbjit Kaur;Randhawa S K (Biochemistry and Chemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: sekhon224@yahoo.com) : Complexation equilibria of ciprofloxacin with proton and metal ions in aqueous-organic mixutres. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 200-2.

Proton-ligand stability constants (log K₁^H, log K₂^H) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and its metal-ligand stability constants (log K₁) in aqueous, acetonitrile-water, alcohol-water, DMSO-water and 1,4-dioxan-water (25 : 75 and 50 : 50% v/v) mixtures have been determined potentiometrically at 25 ± 0.1 °C and 0.1 mol dm^-3 (NaCl) ionic strength. Ciprofloxacin formed 1 : 1 (M : L) complexes with VO^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, Ni^II, Mn^II and Co^II. In general, the values of log K₁ follow Irving-Williams stability order in each solvent system.

^ssc2 tables, 4 ref

005179   Sarkar A R;Chakraborty A (Chemistry Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235, Email: arsarkar@gmail.com) : Oxovanadium(IV) complexes of schiff base derived from 3-aminopropanol and derivatives of salicylaldehyde. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 167-70.

Oxovanadium(IV) complexes were synthsised by reacting vanadyl acetylacetonate with Schiff bases obtained by condensation of 3-aminopropanol with salicylaldehyde and its derivatives, 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde, 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde and 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde. The complexes were characterised by IR and UV-Visible spectra. The effects of the substituents on salicylaldehyde and the changes in electronic spectra in different solvents with respect to donor properties of the solvents were studied. The reaction of the complexes with hydrogen peroxide was also observed.

2 illus, 15 ref

005178   Sarkar A R;Chakraborty A (Chemistry Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235, Email: arsarkar@gmail.com) : Mixed ligand peroxovanadium complexes containing L-carnosine. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 162-66.

Mixed ligand peroxo complexes containing L-carnosine, either in its neutral or deprotonated form have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes have been formulated as K[VO(O₂)L].H₂O (1), K[VO(O₂)₂(H₂L)].H₂O (2), [V₂O₂(O₂)₃(H₂L)₃].H₂O (3), where H₂L = L-carnosine. The ligand in its dideprotonated form in the complex (1), acts as a tridentate ligand, coordinating to vanadium through three donor atoms namely the oxygen atom of the carboxylatc group, two nitrogen one each from the primary amine and the other from the amide group of the ligand. The ligand in acidic pH, behaves as a zwitterions, acts as bidentate through both oxygen of the carboxylate group in the complex (2) and as monodentate through oxygen of the carboxylate group in the complex (3). The peroxide ligand in all the complexes are chelated to vanadium and in the triperoxo complex, additionally it also bridge two vanadium atoms.

2 tables, 17 ref

005177   Sandhar R K;Sharma J R;Manrao M R (Biochemistry and Chemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Synthesis and fungitoxicity of aldimines and 4-thiazolidinones derived from 4-bromoaniline. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 220-23.

Condensation of 4-bromoaniIine with benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes (1-8) in equimolar ratio resulted in the formation of benzal-4-bromoaniline and its C-phenyl derivatives (la-8a). Addition of thioglycolic acid to la-8a yielded the respective 4-thiazolidinone (lb-8b). The synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral studies and were screened against five phytopathogenic fungi.

3 tables, 9 ref

005176   Rawat D S (Chemistry Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007, Email: dsrawat@chemistry.du.ac.in) : Target directed enediynes : chemical and biological significance. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 130-41.

Novel chemical framework and potent antitumor activity of the enediyne natural products such as calicheamicin, dynemicin, esperamicin, and neocarzinostatin has fostered interest in the development of simple enediynes with low thermal cyclization temperature. It is well established that thermally labial enediynes exhibit anticancer activity, while there are few scattered examples in the literature about the biological importance of thermally stable enediynes. Deals with the synthesis, thermal reactivity of metalloenediynes, and antibacterial activity of thermally stable cyclic enediynes.

2 illus, 1 table, 63 ref

005175   Ravichandran S;Emelda A R (Chemistry Dep, St. Peter's Engineering College, Chennai-600 054, Email: ravichanduru@yahoo.com) : Facile synthesis of mikanecic acid diesters from Baylis-Hillman adducts. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1216-18.

An efficient method for the synthesis of mikanecic acid diesters from Baylis-Hillman adducts6 reported using anhydrous copper (II) sulfate.

1 table, 21 ref

005174   Raman N;Sakthivel A;Rajasekaran K (Chemistry Dep, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar-626 001, Email: drn_raman@yahoo.co.in) : Template synthesis of novel 16-membered tetraazamacrocyclic transition metal complexes : DNA cleavage and antimicrobial studies. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 142-7.

A new series of 16-membered tetraazamacrocyclic complexes of type [ML]X₂ [where M = Ni^II Co^II, Cu^II, Zn^II, Hg^II, VO^IV, Cd^II and Mn^II; X₂ = 2C1^-, SO₄^2-] by incorporating an N₄ donor site has been synthesized via the template condensation of w-phenylenediamine, formaldehyde, p-anisidine and metal salts in 1 : 2 : 1 : 0.5 molar ratio. The structural features of the complexes have been confirmed by microanalytical data, IR, UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, ESR and CV techniques. The UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility and ESR spectral data of the complexes suggest a square-planar geometry around the central metal ion except VO^IV complex which has square-pyramidal geometry. The electrochemical behaviour, the anodic and cathodic potential and the number of electrons transferred were calculated using cyclic voltammogram. The X-band EPR spectrum of copper complex in DMSO at 300 K and 77 K were recorded and its salient features are reported. The antimicrobial data show good results. The nuclease activity of the above metal complexes shows that only copper complex cleaves CT-DNA through redox chemistry in the presence of oxidant.

2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

005173   Prajapati V P;Salvi K N;Vyas P;Mehta M R (Chemistry Dep, College of Science, Kalol-382 721) : Photochemical ligand exchange reactions of nitrosylpentacyano ferrate (II) - use of tellurite ions. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1463-72.

Sodium nitroprusside contains cyanide ligand that cannot be so easily replaced chemically. An effort has been made to substitute this ligand exchange reaction by another anionic ligand like tellurite. The rate of this photochemical reaction has been observed spectrophotometrically. The effect of different parameters like pH, light intensity, effect of sodium nitroprusside and tellurite ligand concentration on the rate of this substitution reaction have been studied. Product was isolated and characterized. A tentative mechanism for this photochemical substitution reaction has been proposed.

1 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

005172   Patil D B;Chachere S D (NO, , Govt. Quarters, B-20/3, Ravinagar, Nagpur-1, Email: patson_ngp@sancharnet.in) : Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of glycine by ceric sulphate in acidic medium. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 978-86.

Kinetics of oxidation of glycine by ceric sulphate in acidic medium has been studied voltammetrically. The reaction is first order with respect to each ceric sulphate and glycine. The specific reaction rate is 1.32 x 10² M^-1s^-1 at 298 K. The energy of activation is 62.4 ± 3.0 KJ mol^-1. The frequency factor and entropy of activation are found to be 1.07 x 10¹³ S^-1 and -149.85 J mol^-1 K^-1, respectively. The specific reaction rate is infl>

3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

005171   Narayanan J;Palanivelu K (Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: kpvelu@hotmail.com) : Recovery of acetic acid by supported liquid membrane using vegetable oils as liquid membrane. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 266-70.

An attempt has been made to recover acetic acid from aqueous solutions using supported liquid membrane (SLM) technique. A Hat sheet polytetrafluorocthylene (PTFE) supported membrane impregnated with vegetable oils was tested for transport of acetic acid. The permeation of acetic acid was studied by varying the experimental conditions namely strength of stripping phase, stirring speed and selection of LM. The oils tested for acetic acid transport included sunflower oil, coconut oil, palm oil and peanut oil, among which, sunflower oil gave best results with permeability of 2.86 x 10^-2 m/s against a stripping solution of strength 0.1 N. After 4 h, 100% transport of acetic acid of initial concentration 0. 01 M was observed.

7 illus, 17 ref

005170   Nain S;Agnihotri N;Kakkar L R (Chemistry Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: lather_sonia@yahoo.com) : Microdetermination of palladium(II) using 5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-iodoquinoline as a complexing agent. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 228-30.

Simple, rapid, highly selective and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) in trace amounts is worked out employing 5-chloro-8-hydroxy-7-iodoquinoline as a complexing agent for the metal ion and extracting the coloured complex into chloroform from 1 M H₂SO₄ solution, whose absorbance is measured at 450 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0-2.6 μg Pd^II mL^-1. Molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the complex are 0.9 x 10⁴ dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1 and 0.0119 μg pd cm^-2, respectively. The method is free from the interference of a large number of elements including molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, silver and other platinum metals. The proposed method handles satisfactorily the analysis of several samples of varying complexity.

^ssc1 table, 3 ref

005169   Mukherjee D;Das S N (Chemistry Dep, Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya, Monirampur, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120, Email: durgadas.mukherjee@gmail.com) : Design, synthesis and spectral characterization of chelates of Pd^II,Pt^II and Rh^III with 6-guanidino-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-diazine, potential ligands with biological interest.. J Indian Chem Soc 2008, 85(2), 148-52.

Complexes of 6-guanidino-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-diazine and 6-phenyl guanidino-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-diazine with Pd^II, Pt^II and Rh^III have been reported. Complexes have been characterised on the basis of analytical, magnetic and spectral characterization and powder diffraction studies. Crystal field parameters have also been calculated. The Pd^II and Pt^II complexes are square planar as expected and Rh^III complexes are pseudo-octahedral. IR data indicate that the imino nitrogen of the guanidine residue and one of the pyrimidyl nitrogen atoms acts as bonding sites in the formation of these complexes.

2 tables, 12 ref

005168   Muhammad Basheer K;Joy Joseph;Radhakrishnan Nair T D (Chemistry Dep, University of Calicut, Calicut-673 635, Email: tdrnair@rediffmail.com) : Structure-reactivity correlation anc mechanistic aspects of the Cr (VI) oxidation of benzhydrols. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1191-7.

The kinetics of the oxidation of benzhydrol (BH) and some of its para-substituted derivatives by chromium (VI) has been investigated in acetic acid - water mixture. The reaction shows first order dependence on the concentration of both; the chromium (VI) and the substrate. The reaction is acid catalyzed and the order with respect to sulphuric acid is fractional. HCrO₃⁺ is considered to be the active oxidant species. Activation parameters for the benzhydrol (BH), 4-chloroBH, 4-methylBH and 4ªmethoxyBH were evaluated and the structure-reactivity correlation discussed. The log k₂ values of benzhydrols were found to correlate well with Hammett's σ-values. A suitable mechanism involving the formation of a chromate ester in a fast step followed by slow decomposition through a five membered cyclic transition state has been proposed.

1 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

005167   Mohammad A;Gupta R (Analytical Research Laboratory, Applied Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Engi, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: mohammadali4u@rediffmail.com) : Identification and separation of cationic and non-ionic surfactants by reversed phase thin layer chromatography. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(3), 271-6.

Reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) of non-ionic and cationic surfactants was performed on silica gel layers impregnated with 5% paraffin oil, silicone oil and tributyl phosphate as stationary phases using water and organic polar solvents as mobile phases. In all, four stationary phases and twelve mobile phases were used to examine the mobility pattern and to find out best TLC system for separation of surfactants from their mixtures. The TLC system comprising of 5% paraffin oil impregnated silica gel layers as stationary phase and pure methanol as mobile phase was found most favourable for achieving separation of non-ionic surfactants (Tx-100, Brij-35 and Tween-20) from cationic surfactants (CPC, CTAB and TTAB). The effects of loading amount of analyte and metal cations impurities in the sample have been examined on mutual separation of Tx-100 and TTAB. The results obtained with methanol were compared with those obtained with ethanol and butanol. The mobility of surfactants was found to increase with the increase of polarity of the alcohol used as mobile phase.

2 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

005166   Meena M;Gupta M;Verma P S;Sharma I K (Chemistry Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Email: sharma_indra20@rediffmail.com) : Biotransformation of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde using free and immobilized Baker's yeast. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1363-8.

In alcoholic medium, the biocatalytic reduction of picolinaldehyde (Pyridine-2-carbaldehyde) was carried out using the microbial catalyst Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) free as well as in its immobilized form. The reduction product was isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques including HPLC and characterized on the basis of spectral analysis.

1 table, 8 ref

005165   Malik S;Ghosh S;Jain B (NO, , 33/2B, Saket Nagar, Bhopal-462 024, Email: suparmabpl@yahoo.co.in) : Kinetics of the oxidation of o-nitrotoluene and aceto o-toluidide by vanadium (V) in acidic medium. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1350-4.

Kinetic investigation of the oxidation of o-nitrotoluene and aceto o-toluidide by vanadium (V) In 40% acetic acid- water (v/v) solution in the presence of 1.5 M H₂SO₄ has been done in the temperature range of 40°C. Corresponding aldehydes are found to be the oxidation product. The reaction is first order with respect to both vanadium (V) and the substrate. It is observed that rate constant increases with increase in the molarity of sulphuric acid. The linear increase of rate constant with the increase in [H⁺] concentration at constant ionic strengths confirms the positive salt effect on reaction rate. The rate increases with acetic acid concentration in the binary mixtures. The magnitude of Arrhenius parameters indicates the bimolecular nature of the oxidation reaction. The stoichiometric studies confirm that one mole of substrate requires four mole of the oxidant for complete oxidation.

2 tables, 10 ref