011128   Shukla R;Upadhyay S K (Chemistry Dep, H.B. Technological institute, Kanpur-208 002, Email: upadhyay_s_k@rediffmail.com) : Non-ionic micellar inhibition on the rate of oxidation of I-histidine by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 551-5.

The effect of non-ionic surfactants, viz. triton X-100, tween-SO and brij-35 on the rate of oxidation of I-histidine by hexacyanoferrate(III) in alkaline medium has been studied spectrophotometrically in the temperature range 35-55°C. The rate of oxidation is strongly inhibited in presence of non-ionic micelle. The reaction follows a complex kinetics showing a first order dependence of rate with respect to both, alkali and I-histidine. During a particular kinetic run, a second-order dependence of rate with respect to hexacyanoferrate(III) is observed while an increase in initial [hexacyanoferrate(III)] or an addition of hexacyanoferrate(II) in the reaction mixture results in a decrease in the observed rate constant. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and the kinetic data accounted for by the association/distribution of the substrate in micellar and aqueous pseudo-phase. The binding parameters have also been evaluated.

^ssc1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

011127   Shahani J;Singh A (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: anirudsinghunivjpr@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and characterisation of Sb₂Zn₂Cl₄(OPr<. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(1), 55-7.

Reactions of MCl₂ (M = Be, Mg, Zn) with Sb(OP_rⁱ)₃ and Ti(OPrⁱ)₄ in desired molar ratios in benzene afford structurally interesting derivatives of the types MSb₂Cl₂ (OPr^{i)₆ (M Be(1), Mg(2), Zn(3)), Sb₂Zn₂Cl₄(OPr1)₆(4), M₂Ti₄Cl₄(OPri)₁₆ (M = Mg(5), Zn(6)). All these derivatives have been characterized by elemental (Be, Mg, Zn, Sb, Cl, Ti) analyses, isopropoxo groups determinations, molecular weight measurements, and spectro-scopic studies.}

^iia1 table, 11 ref

011126   Sengwa R J;Khatri V;Sankhla S (Dielectric Research Lab, Physics Dep, JNV University, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: rjsengwa@rediffmail.com) : Structure and hydrogen bonding in binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with some dipolar aprotic and protic solvents by dielectric characterization. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(4), 512-9.

The low frequency limit static dielectric constant, optical frequency dielectric constant, excess dielectric constant, and the Kirkwood correlation factor of the binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with water, ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, dimethyl sulphoxide, acetone and 1,4-dioxane over the entire composition range are investigated at 30°C. The values of these functions emphasize strong N,N-dimethylformamide-water hydrogen bond interaction due to breaking of water tetrahedral structure, whereas the N,N-dimethylformamide-alcohols complexations show a strong hydroxyl group number dependence with enhancement in the structural ordering of alcohols. The dielectric functions of N,N-dimethylformamide-water and N,N-dimethylformamide-1,4-dioxane mixtures reveal the similarity in the complexes, although the N,N-dimethylformamide-water interactions are stronger. The excess functions confirm the weak hydrogen bond interactions of N,N-dimethylformamide with dimethyl sulphoxide and acetone. The pronounced deviation in the excess functions of the studied mixtures confirms the formation of a stable adduct of stoichiometric ratio 1:1 in these systems.

011125   Sengupta S K;Misshra S (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Email: sksg@bhu.ac.in) : Proton transfer equilibria between o-substitted benzoic acids and the carbinol base of crystal violet in apolar aprotic solvents: chemometric analysis of ortho effect. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(3), 390-3.

Toluene-phase reaction equilibria between a set of o-substituted benzoic acids and crystal violet carbinol base producing a coloured ion-pair have been studied spectrophoto-metrically at 28±l°C. Chemometric analysis on the basis of both Charlon's and Fujita-Nishioka's multiparameter approaches for o-substituent effects on the equilibrium constants show that proximity electronic effect of an a-substituent is the main intrinsic contribution to the anomalous ortho effect with its steric factor contributing merely a minor effect. However, in the aqueous phase the steric contribution becomes significant due to hydration induced substantial enhancement in the bulk of the -COOH group and the a-substituent.

^ssc2 tables, 38 ref

011124   Senapati U;De D;De B R (Chemistry & Chemical Technology Dep, Vidyasagar niversity, Midnapur-721 102, Email: kgp-bhudebde@sancharnet.in) : Basicities of a series of substituted acetophenones in the ground state: a DFT study. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 548-50.

A detailed study of the basicities of a series of p-substituted acetophenone (aromatic conjugated system) and their O-protonated counterparts has been performed using density functional theory (Becke, Lee, Yang and Parr [B3LYPI) methd and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets with complete geometry optimization. The gas phase O-protonation is observed to be exothermic and the local stereochemical disposition of the proton is found to be almost the same in each case. The presence of p-substituent is seen to casue very little change of the protonation energies, relative to the unsubstituted acetophenones. Computed protonation energies are sought to be correlated with a number of computed system parameters such as the net charge on the carbonyl oxygen of the unprotonated bases, charge on the carbonyl oxygen and charge onthe proton of the protonated bases. The overall basicityis explained bydistant atom contribution in addition to the contribution from the carbonyl group.

^ssc3 tables, 12 ref

011123   Sen Gupta S K;Shrivastava R (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Email: sksg@bhu.ac.in) : Proton transfer equilibria between disubstituted benzoic acids and carbinol base of crystal violet in apolar aprotic solvents. Chemometric analysis of disubstituent effects on the strength of benzoic acid in chlorobenzene. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(3), 369-73.

Proton transfer equilibria in chlorobenzene between a set of di-substituted (2,3-,2,5-,2,6-, 3,5-dichloro and difluoro) benzoic acids including the corresponding mono-substituted acids and the carbinol base of crystal violet have been studied spectrophotometrically. To investigate the effect of disubstitution at ortho-and/or meta- positions on the strength of benzoic acid, the results have been analysed chemometrically on the basis of Fujita Nishioka's multiparameter approach and the assumption of additivity for substituent effects. The model employed explains 94% of the variance for the disubstituent effects on log K. It is observed that the substituent effect is contributed by ordinary electronic and proximity electronic effects in an almost equal ratio (52:48).

3 tables, 20 ref

011122   Savitri Lodha;Sharma V K;Punjabi P B (Photochemistry and Solar Energ Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, University College of Scfience, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 002, Email: pb_punjabi@yahoo.com) : Photocatalytic degradation of sunset yellow FCF in presence of some transition metal complexes and hydrogen peroxide. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(3), 397-400.

The photocatalytic degradation of sunset yellow FCF by thiocyanate complexes of iron, copper and cobalt and hydrogen peroxide is reported here. The effect of different parameters, such as the pH, concentration of the complexes and dye, amount of H₂O₂ and light intensity on therate of photoctalytic degradation has also been studied. The mechanism for degradation of the dye is also proposed.

^ssc18 ref

011121   Satish Kumar;Kanwal Raj;Khare P (Medicinal and Process Chemistry Div, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001) : Flavones and acridones from Atalantia wightii<. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 291-4.

Two flavones racemoflavone 1 and atalantoflavone 2 and four acridones atalaphylline 3, 5-hydroxynoracronycin 4, citrusi-nine-I 5 and citrusinine-II 6 are isolated and identified from Atalantia wightii (leaves) along with a triterpene epi-friedlinol 7.

011120   Sarmah P;Barman R K;Purkayastha P;Bora S J; Phukan;Das B K (Chemistry Dep, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014, Email: Birinchi.Das@hotmail.com) : Copper(II) catalysed oxidation of alcohols in aqueous medium. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(5), 637-44.

An environmentallly friendly, homogeneous catalytic method for the oxidation of alcohols in aqueous medium is described. The copper(II) complex, [Cu(4-CNpy)₂Cl₂]_n, has been prepared in excellent yield and characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with unit cell parameters a = 3.589(3)Å, b = 25.903(6) Å, c = 7.116(1)Å, β? = 96.05(4)°, V = 657.9(6) ų, and Z = 2. The crystal structure refinement yields final R1 = 0.0604, wR2 = 0.1577 and GooF = 1.055 for all 1423 unique reflections and 105 L.S. parameters. The results of crystal structure analysis show that the copper(II) compound is a one dimensional coordination polymer containing chloride ions as the bridging ligands forming one weak [Cu-Cl = 2.870(2) Å] and one strong [Cu-Cl = 2.333(1) Å] coordination bond with copper(II) centres. The Cu(II) complex (2 mol%) shows very good catalytic activity towards oxidation of alcohols under homogeneous condition using aqueous TBHP as the oxidant in H₂O:MeCN (5:1 v/v). Products have been isolated in moderate to high yields either as aldehydes or ketones using the above green protocol.

011119   Sanjeeva Reddy C;Nagaraj A;Srinivas A; Purnachandra Reddy G (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : ZrOCl₂ catalyzed Baeyer condensation: A facile and efficient synthesis of triarylmethanes under solvent-free conditions. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 248-54.

A facile and efficient synthesis of an array of triarylmethanes by the Baeyer condensation of different arylaldehydes carrying activated and deactivated groups and N,N-dimethylaniline using a catalytic amount of ZrOCl₂ under solvent-free microwave irradiation conditions is described. Further, the catalytic activity of ZrOCl₂ is compared with traditional Lewis acid catalysts and found that this synthetic method has the advantages of excellent yields (70-96%), shorter reaction time (few minutes) and solvent-free conditions.

011118   Ren X;Miao Y;Li N;Wu S (Chemistry Chem, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China, Email: wushi@zju.edu.cn) : Theoretical binding affinities and spectroscopy of complexes formed by cyclobis(paraquat-p-anthracene) with amino acids. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(5), 623-30.

The electronic structures and spectroscopy of the complexes formed by cyclobis(paraquat-p-anthracene) with amino acids have been studied using the semi-empirical AM1 method and density function theory. Based on the B3LYP/3-21G optimized geometries, the energies of the complexes have been calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The binding energies of the complexes have been obtained after the correction of basis set superposition error. The energy gaps of the complexes are decreased due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. The stretching vibration frequencies of the C-H bonds in the IR spectra of the complexes calculated with AM1 method are red shifted as compared with those of the host. The chemical shifts of the carbon atoms adjacent to the hydrogen bonds, calculated at B3LYP/3-21G level, generally move downfield, whereas those of the carbon atoms next to the nitrogen atoms move upfield. Most of the complexes are less aromatic than the host, based on the nuclear independent chemical shifts calculated at B3LYP/3-21G level.

011117   Rauf A;Gangal S;Sharma S (Chemistry Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, Email: abduloafchem@gmail.com ) : Solvent-free synthesis of 2-alkyl and 2-alkenylbenzothiazoles from fatty acids under microwave irradiation. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 601-5.

Rapid and efficient condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with various fatty acids under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions with or without P₄S₁₀ is carried out to afford the corresponding 2-substituted benzothiazoles. The one-pot synthesis is obtained in high purity, good yield of products and in short span of time in presence of catalyst under MW irradiation. The compounds are identified on the basis of IR, ¹H NMR and MS.

^ssc1 table, 29 ref, 1 scheme

011116   Rashinkar G S;Pore S B;Mote K B;Salunkhe R S (Chemistry Dep, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004) : Efficient synthesis of novel 2-amino-4-aryl-6-ferrocenyl pyrimidines. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 606-10.

A series of 2-amino-4-aryl-6-ferrocenyl pyrimidines have been synthesized using cyclocondensation of 3-aryl-1-ferrocenyl-2-propen-1-ones with guanidine hydrochloride in basic medium. All newly synthesized compounds have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectral data. The antibacterial activity of all the compounds against Staphylococcus aureus and Escheria coli has been evaluated.

011115   Raju B C;Madhusudana Rao J (Organic Chemistry Division-1, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: chinaraju@iict.res.in) : p-TsOH catalyzed efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 623-5.

p-TsOH is found to catalyze the electrophilic substitution reaction of indole with various carbonyl compounds under mild and convenient conditions to afford the corresponding bis(indolyl)methanes 1-7 in very good yields.

1 table, 10 ref, 1 scheme

011114   Rajanarendar E;Mohan G;Siva Rami Reddy A (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: eligeti_rajan@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and antimicobial activity of new isoxazolyl-1,3-benzoxazines. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 112-16.

New isoxazolyl-l,3-benzoxazines 4 are synthesized from 4-amino-3,5-dimethyl isoxazole 1 by condensation with different salicylaldehydes, followed by reduction and subsequent smooth ring closure in presence of formaldehyde.

1 sch, 3 tables, 18 ref

011113   Rajanarendar E;Kalyan Rao E;Raju S (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Microwave assisted rapid and efficient synthesis of new 3-ethoxy-4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2,1-benzisoxazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 749.

A simple, extremely fast and efficient synthesis of new 3-ethoxy-4,6-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2,1-benzisoxazoles has been achieved under microwave irradiation.

011112   Rahangdale S S;Gurnule W B;Zade A B (Chemistry Dep, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, RTM, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 010, Email: wbgurnule@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and chelation ion exchange properties of 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone-biuret-formaldehyde terpolymer resin. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(4), 531-5.

The terpolymer resin 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone-biuret-formaldehyde has been synthesized by the condensation of 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone and biuret with formaldehyde in 2:1:3 molar ratios in presence of 2M hydrochloric acid as catalyst. UV-visible, IR and proton NMR spectral studies have been carried out to elucidate the structure of the resin. The terpolymer has proved to be a selective chelating ion exchange polymer for some metals. Chelating ion exchange properties of this polymer have been studied for Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. Batch equilibrium method has been employed to study the selectivity of metal ion uptake and distribution coefficient over a wide pH range and in media of varying ionic strengths. The polymer shows higher selectivity for Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions than for Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. Study of distribution ratio as a function of pH indicates that the amount of metal ion uptake by resin increases with the increasing pH of the medium.

011111   Raghu M;Sanjeeva Reddy C (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : ZrCl₄ promoted efficient one-pot synthesis of α-amino nitriles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 295-300.

A convenient and efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of a variety of α-amino nitriles from aldehydes, amines and trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZrCl₄ at room temperature is described using non-toxic catalyst.

011110   Radhika V;Manikyamba P (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, Email: mani_prerepa@yahoo.co.in) : Conductance and solvation behaviour of benzimidazolium dichromate in dimethyl sulphoxide-water mixture. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(12), 1814-17.

Conductance of benzimidazolium dichromate has been measured in dimethyl sulphoxide-water mixtures of varying compositions in the temperature range 283-313K. The limiting molar conductance, Δ_o, and the association constant of the ion pair, K_A, have been computed using Shedlovsky equation. Δ_o increases with increase in the proportion of water in the solvent mixture. K_A is found to be maximum in the solvent containing . 20-40% (v/v) water. The free energy of solvation, ΔG_i-s is maximum in 80% (v/v) water suggesting that the ion-solvent interactions are maximum at this composition of solvent mixture.

^ssc4 tables, 17 ref

011109   Prajapati R;Yadav V K;Dubey S K;Durham B; Mishra L (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Email: lmishrabhu@yahoo.co.in) : Reactivity of metal (Zn<. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(12), 1780-6.

Complexation or cis-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) dihydrate with carboxaldehyde and carboxylate bearing ligand (4-carboxybenzaldehyde; L¹II) and with bis-acetyl and pyridine containing ligand (2,6-diacetylpyridine; L²) yields [Ru(bpy)₃(PF₆)₂ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl), as thc major product in both reactions along with [Ru(bpy)₂L¹)]PF₆ (I) and [Ru(bpy)₂L^{2)](PF₆)₂ (2) as minor products. However, reaction or cis-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthcnium(II) dihydrate with ligand containing bis-triazolo and diimino donor sites [1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazolo-3-imino)benzene; L3H₂] provides [Ru(bpy)₂Cl₂]PF₆ (3) crystals characterized by its single crystal X-ray data along with some unidentilied product. Similar to ruthenium bipyridyl, reaction or(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlorozinc(II) monohydrate with L2 has also been carried out which yields [Zn(bpy)₃(PF₆)₂ as a crystalline product along with a polymeric product with the composition [{Zn(bpy)(L2)Cl₂}- DMSO]_n.}

4 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

011108   Pitchai P;Mohan P S;Gengan R M (Chemistry Dep, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046) : Photo induced synthesis of methyl derivative of cryptosanguinolentine. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 692-6.

A simpler method to synthesize the methyl derivative of an alkaloid cryprosanguinolentine is described. 4-Hydroxy-2-methylquinoline is iodized using iodine, potassium iodide and aqueous sodium hydroxide and dehydroxyhalogenated with phosphorous oxychloride. The respective anilinoquinoline is prepared and cyclized by UV irradiation. Upon selective methylation 5,6-dimethyl-5H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline is produced which is utilized as a DNA intercalating agent.

011107   Patwari M K;Bachu R K;Boodida S;Nallani S (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, Email: nallani_s@yahoo.com) : Thermodynamic and transport properties of binary liquid mixtures of sulfolane with some lactones at 308.15 K. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(4), 526-30.

The values of density, viscosity and speed of sound have been measured for binary liquid mixtures of γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone with sulfolane over the entire composition range at T =308.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From this data, excess molar volume, deviation in viscosity and deviation in isentropic compressibility have been calculated. The results are fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions between the unlike molecules.

011106   Pattan S R;Purohit S S;Rasal V P;Mallya S; Marihal S C;Khade A B;Paschapur M S (Medicinal Chemistry Dep, K L E S's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590 010, Email: shashipattan@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and pharmacological screening of some 1,4-dihydropyridine and their derivatives for anticonvulsant activity. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 626-9.

A new series of 1,4-dihydropyridine and their derivatives have been synthesized and the structures of the compounds have been confirmed by IR and NMR. The title compounds are evaluated for anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock method. Some of these compounds have been found to exhibit excellent anticonvulsant activity.

^ssc2 tables, 13 ref

011105   Patel R N;Gundla V L N;Patel D K (Chemistry Dep, A.P.S. University, Rew-486 003, Email: rnp64@yahoo.co.uk) : Synthesis, characterization and properties of some ternary copper(II) complexes containing NOS donor Schiff base and NN donor bidentate ligands. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(3), 353-60.

Six ternary copper(II) complexes, viz., [Cu(SAT)(H₂0)] (1), [Cu(SAT)(phen)].0.5 H₂0 (2), [Cu(SAT)(bipy)] (3), [Cu(SAA)(dmp)] (4), [Cu(SAT)(en)] (5) and [Cu(SAT)(temed)] (6), where SAT = Salicylideneaminothiophenol, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, dmp = 2,9-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline, en = ethylenediamine, temed = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylinediamine have been synthesized and characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. The metal ligand bonding parameters evaluated from the EPR spectra of the complexes indicate strong in-plane σ and in-plane π bonding. The magnetic and spectroscopic data indicate a square planar geometry for complex 1 and a square pyramidal geometry for remaining complexes. The crystal structure of complex 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction technique. The superoxide dismutase activity of the complexes has also been measured and discussed.

4 illus, 4 tables, 43 ref

011104   Patel N B;Patel A L (Chemistry Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat-395 007) : New 2-aminopyridine containing acid anthraquinone dyes, their application and micro-bial studies. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 705-11.

New 2-aminopyiridine based anthraquinone acid dyes have been synthesized by condensation of bromamine acid with 2-aminopyirdine to produced 1-amino-4-(2-aminopyirdinyl) anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid which is diazotized and coupled with various naphthalene based acid coupling components to get new series of acid anthraquinone dyes. The dyed fibres showed moderate to very good fastness to light, washing and rubbing. All the dyes have been screened for their antimicrobial activity.

011103   Patel H K;Joshi R S;Chudasama U V (Applied Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of baroda, Vadodara-390 001, Email: uvcres@yahoo.com) : Use of zirconium(IV) phosphate as a solid acid catalyst in some esterification reactions. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(3), 348-52.

Amorphous and crystalline phases of zirconium(IV) phosphate of the class of tetravalent metal acid (TMA) salts have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The materials have been characterized for elemental analysis (ICP-AES), thermal analysis (TGA), X-ray analysis, BET surface area, surface acidity (NH₃TPD) and FTIR spectroscopy. Chemical resistivity of the materials has been accessed in acids, bases and organic solvent media. The exchangeable protons present in the structural hydroxyl groups indicate good potential for TMA salts to be investigated as solid acids. Esterification reaction has been selected as a model reaction to study the application of ZrP (amorphous and crystalline phases) as a solid acid. The catalytic activity explored by synthesizing monoesters and diesters reveals the promising use of ZrP as an ecofriendly solid acid catalyst.

4 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

011102   Pasha M A;Manjula K (Studies in Chemistry Dep, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560 001, Email: m_af_pasha@yahoo.co.in) : TiO₂: a simple and an effecient catalyst for esterification of phenols under solvent-free condition. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 597-600.

In the presence of catalytic amount of titanium oxide (TiO₂), without any additional solvent at 25°C, phenols are conveniently acylated by acid chlorides to get phenolic esters in excellent yields. The TiO₂ powder can be reused three times after simple washing with CH₂C1₂.

^ssc3 tables, 9 ref, 1 scheme

011101   Pandey L K;Mazumder A ;Pathak U (Synthetic Chemistry Div, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior-474 002) : Facile and efficient microwave-mediated S-alkylation of thiophosphates. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 602-5.

A simple and rapid microwave assisted S-alkylation of O, O'-diethyl thiophosphate has been described.

011100   Om Prakash;Pundeer R;Ranjan P;Pannu K;Dhingra Y;Aneja K R (Chemistry Dep, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1,3-diaryl-4-cyanopyrazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 563-8.

A mild, short and simple method for the small scale synthesis of pharmaceutically important 1,3-diaryl-4-cyanopyrazoles 3 is reported from acetophenone arylhydrazones 1 through a two step reaction. All the title compounds have been subjected to in vitro antibacterial testing against four pathogenic strains namely, S.aureus, B.subtilis (gram positive) and gram negative bacteria namely, P.aeruginosa and E.coli.

011099   Nirmal J P;Patel M P;Patel R G (Chemistry Dep, S.P.University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Microwave-assisted synthesis of some new biquinoline compounds catalyzed by DMAP and their biological activities. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 712-7.

A series of new biquinoline derivatives 4a-t have been synthesized by reaction of [(2-chloro-3-quinolyl) methylene]methane-1, 1-dicarbonitrile 2a-d and 3-arylamino-5, 5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-one 3a-e under microwave irradiation catalyzed by 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP). The synthesized compounds 4a-t have been screened for their antifungal and antibacterial activity.

011098   Nayak D;Banerjee A;Ghosh K;Das A;Lahiri S (Chemical Sciences Div, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, Email: susanta.lahiri@saha.ac.in) : Determination of dynamic dissociation constant of chromium-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) complex by the radiotracer technique. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(5), 672-5.

The binding ability of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with chromium in its different oxidation states has been investigated. The complexation of PVP towards Cr(III) and Cr(VI) labeled with ⁵¹Cr radionuclide has been studied with the dialysis technique. The stability of the complexes has been examined by measuring the dynamic dissociation constant from the slope of the plot of ln{Cr(VI)/(III)-PVP} versus time. It has been observed that both Cr(VI)-PVP and Cr(III)-PVP complexes are most stable at pH 7. However, the Cr(III)-PVP complex is more stable than the Cr(VI)-PVP complex at all pH values. This study shows the comparative stability of the complexes of the two different species of chromium with PVP, which may be useful in radiopharmaceutical sciences.

011097   Nath M;Sulaxna (Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Email: malanfey@iitr.ernet.in) : Organotin(IV) triazolates as molecular precursors for pure-phase, nanosized SnS/SnO₂ through pyrolysis. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 510-16.

The thermal decomposition of organotin(IV) triazolates of general formula R₂SnL₂ (R = methyl (1), II-butyl (2), II-octyl (3) and phenyl (4)) and R₃SnL (R = Me (5); and L = anion of 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole) provides a simple route to prepare nanosized semiconductors, SnS and SnO₂ in nitrogen and air atmosphere, respectively, at low temperature 600-700°C. The crystallite average size of the residues determined by X-ray diffraction line broadening is found in the range of 6-63 nm. The particle size of the residues obtained by the pyrolysis of 2 and 4 (in nitrogen) has also been determined by tunneling electron microscope and found to be in the range 2-55 nm. The surface morphology of these residues has been determined by scanning electron microscopy. The thelmogravimetric analysis shows that the weight loss observed in nitrogen is higher than that expected for the formation of SnS as end-product. This indicates the partial loss of the residue to the gas phase due to sublimation at higher temperature Kinetic studies of 2 and 4 in air indicate the first order kinetics for the decomposition process. The X-ray diffraction SEM and TEM results of the residues along with kinetic parameters show that 5 and 2 are the best precursors for production of pure phase nanosized SnO₂ followed by 3 in air whereas 4 is the best precursor for SnS followed by 2 in nitrogen. These compounds are much better precursors for production of pure phase nanosized SnO₂/SnS as compared to diorganotin(IV) thiadiazolates.

4 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

011096   Narute A S;Khedekar P B;Bhusari K P (NO, Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur-41 110, Email: kp_bhusari@rediffmail.com) : QSAR studies on 4-thiazolidinones and 2-azetidinones bearing benzothiophene nucleus as potential anti-tubercular agents. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 586-91.

Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) study on a series of (substituted 1, 2-dihydro)4-thiazolidinones and 2-azetidinones bearing benzothiophene nucleus with anti-tubercular activity has been carried out using a combination of various physicochemical descriptors. Several significant equations with good co-efficient of correlation (>0.860) have been obtained. The two models are selected using internal predictive power discerned by cross-validated coefficient q². Both models highlight some common important feature, i.e., bulky substitution and the high nucleophilicity nature of the molecules, favorable for anti-tubercular activity.

3 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref

011095   Naik V M;Sambrani M I;Mallur N B (Chemistry Dep, Chemistry Dep, Dharwad-580 003, Email: nirmalmallur@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal studies of bivalent transition metal complexes with the hydrazone derived from 2-benzimidazolyl mercaptoaceto hydrazide and o-hydroxy aromatic aldehyde. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(12), 1793-7.

Syntheses of complexes of a few first transition series bivalent metal ions like Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with 2-benzimidazolyl mercaploaceto hydrazone have been reported. The complexes have been characterized on the basis of analytical, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibilities, infrared, electronic, X-ray diffraction (powder) and ESR spectral data. Infrared spectral data show that the ligands behave in a monobasic tridentate manner in all the complexes except in Cu(II) complexes, where they act as dibasic tridentate ligands with ONO donor sequence. Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have octahedral geometry while Cu(II) complexes have square planar geometry. The thermal stabilities of the complexes have been studied by TGA. The kinetic parameters has also been calculated.

2 tables, 16 ref

011094   Nagendra G;Hemantha H P;Sureshbabu V V (Peptide Research Lab, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Dr B. R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore-560 001) : Synthesis of urea tethered glycosylated amino acids and glycopeptides mediated by DPPA employing N^#945-Fmoc-Asp/Glu-5-oxazolidinones.. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 397-407.

The synthesis of urea linked glycosylated amino acids and glycopeptides has been described by reacting N^α-Fmoc-Asp/Glu-5-oxazolidinone and sugar amine in presence of DPPA.

011093   Mondal A;Banerjee R (Chemistry Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: rupenju@yahoo.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of uncatalyzed oxidation of hydrazine with superoxide coordinated to cobalt(III). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(5), 645-9.

Hydrazine, in deoxygenated aqueous solutions at moderate pH 3.8-6.1, quantitatively reduces [(NH₃)₅Co^III(μ-superoxo)Co^III( NH₃)₅]⁵⁺ (I) to the corresponding peroxo complex, [(NH₃)₅Co^III(μ-peroxo)Co^{III(NH ₃)₅]4+ (II) which, instead of reacting with another molecule of hydrazine quickly decomposes to Co2+ according to the overall stoichiometry: 4(I) + N₂H₅+ + 35H+ = 8Co2+ + 40NH₄+ + N₂ + 4O₂. The reaction is dramatically catalyzed by Cu2+, to the degree that impurity levels of Cu2+ are sufficient to mask the direct reaction such that the direct oxidation process is inaccessible, though the reaction is not catalyzed by any of the other usual transition metal centers. Dipicolinic acid is a very effective inhibitor of this trace metal ion catalysis, and with 0.10 mM dipicolinic acid, the direct oxidation can be studied, which reveals an inverse [H+] dependence of reaction rate for the direct reaction. This has been ascribed to the formation of a conjugate base, [(NH₃)₄(NH₂)CoIII(μ-superoxo)C oIII(NH₃)₅]4+ as the kinetically active species. Change in buffer concentration has no effect on the rate, neither is there any observable kinetic solvent isotope effect. Enthalpy of activation has a moderate value while the entropy of activation is moderately negative. A reaction scheme consistent with these kinetic and stoichiometric observations has been proposed.}

011092   Moirangthem N D;Thingom B;Laitonjam W S (Chemistry Dep, Manipur University, Canchipur-795 003) : Facile indium-mediated synthesis of protected and unprotected [1-(hydroxymethyl)-vinyl]-alkanols. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 455-9.

Protected and unprotected [1-(hydroxymethyl)vinyl]alkanols have been synthesized from the homologated γ-hydroxy esters which have been prepared by indium-mediated allylation of the rearranged bromides derived from hydroxyl esters in water medium.

011091   Mogilaiah K;Vidya K;Kumara Swamy T (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Mild and efficient synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α][1,8] naphthyridines using FeCl₃ in the solid state. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 599-601.

An efficient and mild procedure for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α][1,8]naphthyridines 4 using FeCl₃.6H₂O in the solid state at room temperature is described.

011090   Mogilaiah K;Vidya K;Kavitha S;Shiva Kumar K (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-aryl-4-formyl-1-[3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl]pyrazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 282-5.

Synthesis of 3-aryl-4-formyl-1-[3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,8-naph-thy-ridin-2-yl]pyrazole s 4 have been achieved by the reaction of acetophenone 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2-ylhydrazones 3 with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent (POCl₃-DMF). The compounds 4 have been screened for their antibacterial activity.

011089   Mittapelli V;Ray P C;Chauhan Y K;Datta D (NO, Matrix Laboratories Limited, Plot No 34 A, Anrich Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal), Medak Dist-502 325) : N-Desmethyltriptans: One pot efficient synthesis of N-methyl-2-[5-[substituted-1H-indole-3-yl]-ethanamines. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 590-4.

A straightforward and highly improved method to synthesize N-methyl-2-[5-[substituted-1H-indole-3-yl]ethanamines 4-6, which are the metabolites of tryptans 1-3, is reported.

011088   Maurya R C;Chourasia J;Sharma P (Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Div, Sc, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Lakshmangarh-332 311, Email: rcmauryal@gmail.com) : Bis(o-vanillin) benzidine(o-v₂bzH₂) as a binucleating ligand: synthesis, characterization and 3D molecular modeling and analysis of some binuclear complexes of o-v₂bzH₂ with copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), manganese(II), zinc(II), samarium(III) and dioxouranium(VI). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 517-28.

A binucleating tetra-dentate Schiff base ligand, bis(o-vanillin)benzidine (o-v₂bzH₂)' and its seven new binuclear complexes have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, NMR, electronic, magnetic, thermal studies and conductance measurements. The compositions of these complexes are found to be [M(o-v₂bz)₂.nH₂O, where M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) or UO₂(VI), and [Sm(o-v₂bz)(OAc)(H₂O)₂. The ¹H NMR spectrum of one of the compounds, [Zn(o-v₂bz)]₂, shows the absence of proton signal for phenolic oxygen (-OH). Low magnetic moment values, high thermal stability and insolubility in common organic solvents support the binuclear structure of these complexes. Suitable binuclear structures have been assigned. The 3D molecular modeling and analysis for bond lengths and bond angles have also been carried out of one of the representative compounds, [Ni(o-v₂bz)]₂.

4 illus, 4 tables, 82 ref

011087   Master H E;Khan S I;Poojari K A (Nadkarni Sakasa Research Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai-400 001, Email: kpoojari@rediffmail.com) : Design and synthesis of non-cytotoxic tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine derivatives exhibiting complement inhibition activity. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 97-105.

A series of 4,5,6,7-letrahydrothicno[3,2-c]pyridine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their activity on the activation of human complement (classical pathway) and their intrinsic haemolytic activity. The in vitro assay results of these analogues for inhibition of complement activity reveals improved inhibitory activity for some of the analogues over existing tetrahydrothienopyridine derivatives like Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel. Significantly, these analogues did not exhibit any haemolytic activity and arc non-cytotoxic to human cell lines.

2 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

011086   Mandal B;Ghosh N (Chemistry Dep, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, Email: bhabatosh_mandal@yahoo.co.in) : Extraction chromatographic method of preconcentration and separation of cadmium(II) with high molecular mass liquid cation exchanger, Versatic 10. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(5), 668-71.

A selective method has been developed for the extraction chromatographic separation of Cd(II) with Versatic 10 coated on silanised silica gel. The quantitative extraction has been achieved from 0.1M acetate buffer at the optimum pH of 6.0-7.5. The effects of pH, flow-rate and stripping agents on extraction and elution have been investigated. Exchange capacity of the prepared exchanger at different temperatures with respect to Cd(II) has been determined. Cd(II) has been separated from synthetic binary and multi-component mixtures containing various metal ions associated with it in ores and alloy samples. The method effectively permits sequential separation of Cd(II) from synthetic quaternary mixture containing its congeners, Cu(II), Sn(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), Sn(II) and Bi(III), of the same analytical group. The method is found effective for removal and recovery of Cd(II) from industrial waste and standard alloy samples following its preconcentration on the column. A plausible mechanism for the extraction of Cd(II) has been suggested.

011085   Malhotra R;Mehta J;Kiran Bala;Sharma A K (Chemistry Dep, G J Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: malhotra_ksrk@yahoo.co.in) : Heterobimetallic penta- and hexa-coordinated organotin (IV) complexes at different temperatures. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(1), 58-61.

The reactions of triorganotin (IV) chloride with ferrocenyl aroylhydrazone derived from condensation of acetylferrocene and aromatic acidhydrazide yield heterobimetallic penta- and hexa-coordinated organotin(IV) complexes of the type R₃(Sn(L) and R₃Sn(HL)Cl (where R=Me, Et or Ph HL=ferrocenyl aroylhydrazone). The ligands behave as bidentate, coordinating through carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen in keto and enolisation of keto form at low temperature and at room temperature respectively. The isolated complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, infrared and NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn) spectral data. The ligands and their organotin complexes have been evaluated for antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, as well as antibacterial activity against gram negative, (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacilli (Bacilli subtilis) at 28°C. The activity of the ligands is enhanced on complexation with triorganotin (IV) chloride.

1 table, 17 ref

011084   Mahammed K A;Keshava Murthy P S;Mohana Raju K (Synthetic Polymer Laboratory, Polymer Science & Technology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003) : Convenient synthesis of tert-butyl ethers under microwave condition. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 575-8.

Synthesis of tert-butyl ethers from various alcohols and substituted phenols can be achieved using tert-butyl bromide in the prescnce of basic lead carbonate as a catalyst under microwave irradiation in absence of solvent. The catalyst is easily recovered via filtration and reused up to three times without appreciable loss of activity.

2 tables, 8 ref

011083   Magesh G;Viswanathan B;Viswanath R P; Varadarajan T K (National Centre for Catalysis Research, Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Email: bvnathan@iitm.ac.in) : Photocatalytic behavior of CeO₂-TiO₂ system for the degradation of methylene blue. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(4), 480-8.

Mixed oxide CeO₂-TiO₂ has been employed in the coupled semiconductor configuration for photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue. This coupling has enabled decomposition with visible light while with pure TiO₂ only UV radiation can effect this decomposition. Synergy between the two oxides and the importance of adsorption in photocatalytic decomposition of MB are demonstrated.

011082   Madhusudhan G;Chinnam Naidu K;Anand Kumar B; Satyanarayana R;Balraju V (NO, Inogent Laboratories Private Limited, A GVK BIO Company, 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad-500 076) : Synthesis of impurity A in Carvedilol: a b-adrenergic receptor. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 741-5.

Carvedilol is prepared by different synthetic approaches. Almost in all the approaches the major impurities that are known in the literature A, B, C, D and E which are listed in European pharmacopoeia. Description of these impurities and their origins in Carvedilol process are presented along with the preparation of impurity A.

011081   Madhusudhan G;Balraju V;Rajesh T;Venkata Narayana B;Naveen Reddy R (NO, Inogent Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., A GVK BIO Company, 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad-500 076) : Synthesis of an amino moiety in Trovafloxacin by using an inexpensive amidine base, N,N-diethyl-acetamidine. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 569-73.

The simple and inexpensive amidine base, N,N-diethyl-acetamidine, has been prepared and utilized in the construction of bicyclic hetero compound, 4 and employed for further reduction of amidic carbonyl groups of 4 by using NaBH₄/I₂-THF condition which is an efficient and commercially viable method to prepare 5 towards the synthesis of amino moiety 1, in Trovafloxacin 2 an antibacterial agent.

011080   Ladani N K;Patel M P;Patel R G (Chemistry Dep, S P University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Convenient one-pot synthesis of series of 3-(2,6-diphenyl-4-pyridyl)hydroquinolin-2-one under micro-wave irradiation and their antimicrobial activities. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 261-6.

A series of 3-(2,6-diphenyl-4-pyridyl) hydroquinolin-2-ones 4a-x are synthesized in high yields by one pot cyclo-condensation reactions under Krohnke's reaction conditions using 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline 1a-d various acetophenone 2a-f, N-phenacyl- pyridinium chloride 3 in the mixture of ammonium acetate and acetic acid by microwave irradiation.

011079   Kushwaha S S S;Katiyar A (Chemical Laboratories, (CSJM University), PPN College Campus, Kanpur-208 001, Email: ssskushwaha41@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and surface-active properties of surfactants having dipeptidyl linkage as hydrophilic group. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(12), 1818-22.

A homologous series of surfactants, N-(phe-gly) glycerol ether, has been synthesized from phe-gly dipeptide and product of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and aliphatic alcohols with alkyl chains of 10-15 carbon atoms. The critical micelle concentration, effectiveness of surface tension reduction, maximum surface excess, minimum surface area and standard free energies of micellization and of adsorbtion have been determined from aqueous surface tension measurements using the Wilhelmy plate technique. All the surfactants have good surface properties and wetting capability. They are slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in alkaline methanol and alkaline water. As compared to the tryptophan-based surfactants, the studied surfactants have low CMC.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref