012061   Kumar D;Sinha A;Upadhyay R N (Chemistry Dep, Ranchi University, Ranchi-834 008, Email: dev_bhim@yahoo.com) : Oscillation parameters of mixed substrate system containing DL-malic acid and maleic acid in sulfuric acid medium. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(2), 232-5.

Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction has been studied using DL-malic acid and maleic acid in the form of mixed organic substrate in a batch reactor. Ce^IV ions have been used as catalyst and sulfuric acid as the medium. The oscillation parameters have been determined at different concentrations of DL-malic acid, maleic acid, Ce^IV ions and bromate. The oscillation parameters have been found to obey linear relationships. It has also been observed that lower the concentration of organic substrates, higher the total oscillatory period, while higher the concentration of bromate and catalyst, higher the total oscillatory period.

3 tables, 31 ref

012060   Khalifeh M H;Yousefi-Azari H;Ashrafi A R (NO, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of, Tehran, I R Iran, Email: ashrafi@kashanu.ac.ir) : Computing Wiener and Kirchhoff indices of a triangulane. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(10), 1503-7.

Wiener index of a triangulance moleculre T[n] has been computed and then a dendrimer shape graph has been associated with this molecular graph by which it is possible to calculate the Kirchhoff index of the triangle molecule under consideration.

^ssc4 illus, 31 ref

012059   Jindal M;Singh A (Chemistry Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Email: anirudhsinghunivjpr@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and characterization of bulky aryloxides of germanium(IV) and tin(IV). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(2), 228-31.

Seven sterically hindered aryloxides of germanium(IV) and tin(IV) have been prepared in quantitative yields by the metathesis reaction of germanium(IV)- and tin(IV)- chlorides, and characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations and spectroscopic studies.

2 tables, 8 ref

012058   Hui K W;Lung C C;Lien L S (Safety Dep, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming-Chi Univ of Technology, 84, Gunjuan Rd. Taishan, Taipei Hsien 243, Taiwan, ROC, Email: sllo@ntu.edu.tw) : Application of microwave energy on the stabilization of copper containing industiral sludge. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 77-81.

Because of the high concentration of heavy metals in the sediment sludge produced from industrial wastewater treatment, direct disposal of this sludge in landfill sites will cause serious soil and groundwater pollution. Traditionally, the industrial sludge in Taiwan is first solidified and the products need to pass through the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test prior to disposal on landfill. However, the increasing of sludge volume after a solidification process will shorten the lifetime of a landfill, especially in the land-limited Taiwan. The objective of this study is to develop a microwave process, which can reduce the volume and the leaching of heavy metals from the sludge and effectively mineralize the industrial sludge. The stabilization efficiency of the microwave process was evaluated in terms of microwave intensity and reaction time. The results show that the leaching concentration of Cu from the stabilized sludge after microwave processing was dramatically lower than the raw sludge. In addition, the moisture content and weight of sludge solid were reduced. The results imply that microwave process could effectively dry and mineralize the objective sludge.

5 illus, 15 ref

012057   Howlader M B H;Hossain M B;Akhter N (Chemistry Dep, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh, Email: mbhhowlader@yahoo.com) : Template of Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes of 2-aminophenol in presence of 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and 2-butenal. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(2), 214-19.

Reaction of 2-aminophenol with Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions in presence of 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and 2-butenal yields the complexes [Cu(L)₂] 1, [Co(L)₂(H₂O)₂]2, [Fe(L)₂ (H₂O)Cl] 3, [Mn(L) ₂ (H₂O) ₂] 4, [Zn(L) ₂] 5, [Cd(L) ₂] 6, [Cu(L') ₂] 7, [Co(L') ₂ (H₂O) ₂] 8, [Fe(L') ₂ (H₂O)Cl] 9, [Mn(L') ₂ (H₂O) ₂] 10, [Zn(L') ₂] 11 and [Cd(L') ₂] 12 (where L = C₆H₅CH₂OC₆H₄CH=NC₆H₄O and L' = CH₃CHCHCH=NC₆H₄O). The complexes have been formed by template method, not via ligand formation. Complexes 1 and 7 are square planar, 2-4 and 8-10 are octahedral and 5-6 and 11-12 are tetrahedral in nature. Nickel(II) does not form complexes under the experimental condition. All the complexes are biologically active against six pathogenic bacteria (S. dysenteria, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. lutea and S. aureus). Complexes 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 show good activity as compared to the ligand precursor, 2-aminophenol, with complex 10 showing the best activity (MIC of complex 10 = 16 μg/mL for S. dysenteria and B. subtilies).

2 tables, 22 ref, 1 scheme

012056   Gupta M;Vard R;Gupta V;Bamezai R K (Chemistry Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, Email: rkb10@rediffmail.com) : Twist grain boundary and blue phase in binary system of liquid crystalline materials. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(10), 1512-15.

Behaviour of one chiral mesogenic material with another mesogen in a mixed system has been investigated. The mixture of chiral component having smectic Q phase and chiral antiferroelectric smectic C phase and non-chiral component having nematic and smectic C phases exhibits some interesting mesophases like blue phase, twist grain boundary phase, smectic A phase and smectic C phase, both on cooling the isotropic melt as well as on heating the crystalline material. The appearance of twist grain boundary phase and blue phase, which is studied by optical microscope, lies in a very narrow temperature and composition range. These phases are illustrated by their optical textures.

^ssc2 illus, 17 ref

012055   Gholami A;Ashrafi A R (Mathematics Dep, Faculty of Science, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, Email: gholami@kashanu.ac.ir) : Symmetry of dimanganese decarbonyl with D_4d point group. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(2), 225-7.

Let G be a weighted graph with the adjacency matrix A = [a_ij]. An Euclidean graph associated to a molecule is defined by a weighted graph with the adjacency matrix D = [d_ij], where for i ≠ j is the Euclidean distance between nuclei i and j. In this matrix d_ii can be taken as zero if all the nuclei are equivalent. Otherwise, one may introduce different weights for different nuclei. Balasubramanian computed the Euclidean graphs and its automorphism groups for benzene, eclipsed and staggered forms of ethane and eclipsed and staggered forms of ferrocene (Chem Phys Lett, 232 (1995) 415-423). A simple method is described by means of which it is possible to calculate the automorphism group of weighted graphs. Applies this method to compute the symmetry of dimanganese decacarbonyl with D_4d point group.

^iia2 illus, 20 ref

012054   Furtula B;Gutman I (NO, , P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia, Email: boris.furtula@gmail.com) : Energy and Estrada index of phenylenes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(2), 220-4.

^iia6 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

012053   Dragan E S;Dinu J A (NO, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania, Email: sdragan@icmpp.ro) : Removal of azo dyes from aqueous solution by coagulation/flocculation with strong polycations. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 5-11.

The interactions of methyl orange and two benzidine type azo dyes, Congo Red and Direct Blue 1, with some strong polycations with variable charge densities, having cationic centers in the side chain, were investigated. Strong polycations were prepared by quaternization of poly (dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEM) with benzyl chloride (Q_x polycations). The influence of the polycation charge density on the coagulation/ flocculation efficiency of the Qx polycations was evaluated. Polycation/azo dye complexes in the solid state were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy to get information on the strength of interactions in the complex formation.

3 illus, 28 tables, 38 ref

012052   Dhomane A S;Venkatachalam A (Chemistry Dep, Bhavan's College, Andheri (W), Mumbai-400 058, Email: asdhomane@rediffmail.com) : Spectrophotometric determination of thiocyanate by color reduction method. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 95-7.

Spectrophotometric method for trace determination of thiocyanate has been developed based on reduction of absorbance of alkaline potassium permanganate solution by thiocyanate. Up to 5.0 ppm of thiocyanate can be determined with a standard deviation of 0.06 ppm.

5 tables, 5 ref

012051   Dhillon H;Urvasini Singh;Pooja;Kumbhat S (Biosensor Lab, Chemistry Dep, J N V University, Jodhpur-342 033, Email: skumbhat@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis of multidentate ligands via reduction of Schiff base-zinc(II) complex and their use for in situ synthesis of potentially biomimetic Type I copper complexes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(10), 1508-11.

Attempts to simulate the properties of blue copper proteins three low molecular weight and low symmetric solid copper(II) complexes have been synthesized. Ligands with highly asymmetric coordination environment have been prepared in two steps. The first step involves synthesis of zinc-coordinated Schiff base of benzothiazolines, which are then subjected to reduction followed by removal of the metal ion from these reduced complexes. The free ligands thus generated are then used for in situ complexation with Cu(II). These complexes exhibit an intense S→-+Cu(II) charge transfer band at ≈ 600 nm with high extinction values, which is characteristic of Type I copper complexes. The conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and IR studies also support the assigned structures to the complexes.

^ssc2 tables, 17 ref

012050   Deepika B;Singhal A P;Mittal R K (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: bansal.deepika2212@gmail.com ) : Reactions of organotin chlorides with triphenyl phosphine, arsine and stibine. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 35-6.

Complexes of the type R₂SnCl₂.2L (where R= -CH₃ and L=PPh₃), R₂SnCl₂.L (where R= -C₆H₅ and L=PPh₃.AsPh₃ or SbPh₃),R₃SnCl.L (where R=-C₆H₅ and L=PPh₃and AsPh₃), ROSnCl₃.ROH.L (where R = -CH₃ or -C₂H₅ and L=PPh₃) and ROSnCl₃.L (where R = -^tC₄H₉ and L=PPh₃) have been synthesized. Some adducts could be distilled under reduced pressure.

1 table, 13 ref

012049   De R L;Mandal M;Roy L;Mukherjee J;Bhawal R; Maiti K (Chemistry Dep, Inorganic Chemistry Sect, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: rajiblal@hotmail.com) : Synthesis, spectroscopic and structural studies on N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) cinnamaldimine and some bivalent metal complexes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(10), 1480-5.

Bidentate Schiff base, CINOPH, obtained from the condensation of cinnamaldehyde with 2-aminophenol undergoes facile complexation reactions to form M^II (CINOP)₂ (M= Cu, Ni, Co and Zn). In these complexes coordination is through imino nitrogen (-CH=N-) and amino phenolic (-OH) oxygen as revealed by the results of their elemental analyses, spectral, magnetic and electrochemical properties and single crystal X-ray crystallographic structure analysis performed on CINOPH (monoclinic, C2/c; Z, 8) and Cu(CINOP)₂ (monoclinic, C2/c; Z, 4).

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

012048   De R L;Mandal M;Roy L;Mukherjee J (Inorganic Chemistry Sect, Chemistry Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: rajiblal@hotmail.com) : Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, crystal structure and complexation reactions of N- (2 or 4-hydroxylphenyl) benzaldimine. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(2), 207-13.

Two monobasic bidentate Schiff base ligands (SBH) derived from the condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and 2-aminophenol (BENOPH) or 4-aminophenol (BENPAPH) have been subjected to complexation reactions stabilising the bis-ligated complexes M^II(SB)₂ (M^II=Cu, Ni, Co and Zn) where aminophenolic (-OH) groups participate in the complexation reaction. The newly synthesized Schiff bases and their complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies. Crystal structure studies performed on BENPAPH show it to crystallize in the monoclinic form, space group P2₁/c; Z=4 with a, 6.500(7); b, 14.885(3); c, 10.852(2) angstrom and β, 91.489(12) °.

2 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

012047   Dahiya R;Bansal Y (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura-281 001, Email: rajivdahiya77@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis and antimicrobial potential of novel quinoxalinopeptide analogs. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 52-8.

A novel series of 2,3-diphenyl-6-quinoxalinoyl amino acids and peptides was synthesized by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and diisopropylcarbodiimide (EDC.HCl/DIPC) as coupling agents and N-methylmorpholine (NMM) as base. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on basis of IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MASS spectral data. Quinoxalinopeptides were investigated for their antimicrobial activity and compounds 1iii, 1iv, 1viii and their hydrolyzed analogs 2ii and 2iv were found to possess higher bioactivity against pathogenic dermatophytes - Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii with MIC values of 6 μg/ml and compound Hi and its hydrolyzed analog 2i exhibited better activity against Gram-negative bacterium - Pseudornonas aeruginosa and pathogenic Candida albicans, as compared to reference drugs - gatifloxacin and griseofulvin.

2 tables, 16 ref

012046   Cooper R G;Magwere T (Physiology Div, Faculty of Health, Birmingham City Univ, 701 Baker Building, Franchise Street, Perry Barr, Birmingham B42 2SU, U.K., Email: rgcooperuk@yahoo.com) : Nitric oxide-mediated pathogenesis during nicotine and alcohol consumption. Indian J Physiol Pharmac 2008, 52(1), 11-18.

Nitric oxide (NO) is formed by different cell types in response to a variety of physiological and patho-physiological stimuli. The intake of nicotine and/or alcohol has patho-physiological effects on organ function, and the progression of alcohol-/tobacco-related diseases seem to be directly influenced by NO-mediated mechanisms. Nicotine has an adverse influence on blood vessel functionality, repair and maintenance. Chronic nicotine exposure augments atherosclerosis by enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages which then activate atherogenic NF-kB target genes in aortic lesions. Alcohol produces NO which speeds up the apoptosis of neutrophils. Alcohol sensitizes the liver to endotoxemic shock. Nitrosative stress and increased basal levels of NO contribute to tumour growth. The progression of disease seems to be directed via a definite NO-mediated mechanism. This review gives an insight into how intake of tobacco and alcohol may affect quality of life.

59 ref

012045   Chowdhury P;Pandit S K;Mandal B (Analytical Lab, Chemistry Dep, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, Email: pranesh_02@yahoo.co.in) : Solid phase extracation of cerium(IV) with crosslinked poly (acrylic acid) coated on silica gel. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(10), 1528-32.

Selective method has been developed for extraction and separation of Ce(lV) with the high molecular mass crosslinked poly(acrylic acid), coated on silanized silica gel. The coated materials act as stationary phase for the extraction. The structure and thermal stability of crosslinked poy(acrylic acid) has been elucidated with the help of FTIR and TGA. Ion exchange and breakthrough capacity of the exchanger have been measured. Surface morphology of the exchanger has been studied by SEM. Ce(lV) has been separated quantitatively from various synthetic mixtures containing metal ions commonly present in thorium and uranium ores, minerals and fission products. The developed method has been tested for some real samples. A plausible mechanism for Ce(IV) extraction and elution has been suggested.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

012044   Chauhan P;Sharma R;Ashok Kumar (Chemistry Dep, School of Life Sciences, St. John's College, Agra-282 002) : Bioaccumulation of zinc in human head hair of residents of Mainpuri (India). Pollut Res 2008, 27(1), 151-2.

Human head hair concentrations of zinc from 175 subjects (92 male and 83 female) aged between 11 to 51 year in Mainpuri region has been studied by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations of zinc have been found significantly higher in female than in male subjects. Zinc concentration in male hair samples was found to decrease in the age group from 11 to 20 years while a significant increase was observed in females of this age group. Colouring of the hair also enhanced the concentration of zinc both in males and females. Zinc concentration have been found higher in the subjects who were using shampoo for washing the hair in comparison to those who were using soap or other substances for washing. On the basis of comparative study of male and female, female subject have been found higher concentration in comparison to male subject.

2 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

012043   Chandorkar J G;Dongare;Pachpor M;Pande V V (NO, Innovassynth Technologies Ltd., Khapoli, Maharashtra, Email: jgchandrokar@innavaaynth.com) : Simultaneous determination of 2-methyl 5-nitro imidazole and its impurity. Biomed 2007, 2(2), 142-5.

Two Methyl 5 Nitro Imidazole is widely used as an active intermediate in the manufacturing the Antiprotozoals like Tinidazole, Metronidazole which are commonly used as antiprotozoals and wide combination with various antibiotics to make more effective. Describes a simple and accurate reversed phase HPLC Method for the simultaneous estimation of 2-Methyl 5-Nitro Imidazole (2MNI) and its impurity 4(5) Nitro Imidazole.

2 tables, 4 ref

012042   Blagojeviae Nada Z;Vukasinoviae-Pesiae Vesna L (Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Montenegro Univ, Cetinjski put B.B., Podgorica, Montenegro, Email: nadab@cg.ac.yu) : Determination of vitamin C in fruits and commercial fruit juices by derivative spectrophotometry. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 18-22.

Determination of vitamin C [ascorbic acid (AA)] in fruits and commercial fruit juices was performed by derivative spectrophotometry without using any pre-separation or background correction techniques. The method is based on the measurement of a peak-baseline amplitude in the second derivative spectra of the extracts at 267.5 nm. The following corresponding regression equation was used in 1.0 M HCl solution: ²D_267.5 =2.420x10⁺ c+0,025; the correlation coefficient was 0.9993 and the detection limit 4.2x10^-6 M. The results obtained by analysing 13 different species of fruits and commercial fruit juices demonstrated a possibility for application of the proposed method. The results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by generally accepted 2, 6-dichloroindophenol method.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

012041   Bari S B;Mahajan B M (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, R.C. Patel College of Pharmacy, Shirpur-425 405, Email: sbbari@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some Isatin based novel spiroheterocycles for anticonvulsant activity. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(3), 85-89.

Nucleophillic addition of [(2-benzothiazolylthio) acetyl]-hydrazine (2) with derivatives of isatin (Ha-g) yield isatin-3-[N²-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-thioacetyl]hydrazones (3a-g). Heterocyclization of compound (3a-g) on treatment with 2-tnercaptoacetic acid in DMF in the presence of catalytic amount of zinc chlorides yields title compounds (4a-g). The entire synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis, IR, ¹HNMR and mass spectroscopy and screened against Pentylenetetrazole induced anticonvulsant activity, by using Diazepam as standard. The anticonvulsant activity of title compound revealed that two compounds, (4d) and (4g) exhibited highly potent anticonvulsant activity, while (4b) and (4f) exhibited moderate anticonvulsant activity in a series of screened compounds.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

012040   Al Terairy S S;Basaif S;El Awady A A (Chemistry Dep, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Email: abbaselawady@hotmail.com) : Solvent effects on ester linkage of 4-nitrophenyl acetate in aqueous and ethanol solutions with imidazole and hydroxide ion as nucleophiles. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(10), 1491-6.

Reaction of 4-nitrophenyl acetate in aqueous and ethanol solutions with imidazole as a nuc1eophile has been monitored spectrophotometrically. The second order rate constants of these reactions are 10 times higher in water than in alcoholic solutions. This is attributed to better solvation of the initial state and less solvation of the excited state in the alcohol medium. The entropy of activation in water is more negative indicating the greater structuredness of the excited state in water. In addition to the above, the base hydrolysis reaction of the ester using OH- as a nuc1eophile in buffered aqueous solutions has been followed spectrophotometrically as a function of pH. The observed pseudo first order rate constant obeys the relationship k_obs=k_o+k_OH [OH^-] k_o+k_OH [OH^-] where k_o represents the water reactions and the buffer dependent rate constant, and k_OH is the rate constant for the OH^- catalyzed (specific base) reaction. For both cases, a mechanism involving a tetrahedral intermediate and in which the nuc1eophile attacks at the electrophillic carbon of the ester C=O is proposed.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

011156   Zhong X;Chen J;Yang L;Sun X (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, uman University, Changsha-410082, P R China, Email: chenjinhua@hnu.cn) : Electrocatalytic properties of platinum catalyst for methanopl electrooxidation enhanced by nafion-thionine ion-pair. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 504-9.

Nafion (Nf)-thionine (Th) ion-pair as dispersant and second catalyst has been introduced in Pt catalyst for methanol electrooxidation and the resulting catalyst supported on carbon (NfThPt/C) has been investigated by electrochemical method. For the same loading mass of Pt. the peak current density of methanol oxidation on the NfThPt/C/graphite electrode is about 7.25 and 3.04 times as high as that on the E-TEK Pt/C/graphite and E-TEK PtRu/C/graphite electrodes respectively. Moreover, NfThPt/C catalyst shows excellent anti-poisoning ability and long-term cycle stability. The electrocatalytic properties of Pt for methanol electrooxidation are improved by Nf-Th ion-pair.

7 illus, 29 ref

011155   Yan H;Row K H (NO, Chemical Engineering Dep, Center for Advanced Bioseparation Technology, Incheon, 402-751, Korea, Email: rowkho@inha.ac.kr) : Enantioseparation condition of D,L-tryptophan using ligand exchange chromatography. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(1), 75-80.

Chiral recognition mechanism and cnantioseparation conditions of tryptophan enantiomers using ligand exchange chromatography are reported here. The effect of different kinds and concentration of ligands, bivalent copper ion, organic modifier, pH of mobile phase, and temperature on enantioseparation has been evaluated. The results show that the enantioselectivity is strongly affected by the pH and the ligand concentration. Under the optimum condition, baseline separation of the two enantiomers has been obtained on a C₁₈ column with a resolution of 3.42 in less than 30 min using methanol-water solution (20:80 v/v) as mobile phase containing 3.0 mmol.L^-1 L-phenylalanine and 0.5 mmol-L^-1 copper sulphate. Thermodynamic data (ΔΔH and ΔΔS) obtained by Van't Hoff plots reveal that the enantioseparation is an enthalpy-controlled process. The mechanism of chiral discrimination is based on the stabilities of the copper(II) binary complexes and their ternary diasteremeric complexes with amino acids formed in solution and stationary phase. The proposed method has been successfully used for the quality evaluation of tryptophan enantiomers.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

011154   Yadava S S;Yadav A;Kushwaha N;Yadav N (Chemistry Dep, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009, Email: ssyadava1@rediffmail.com) : Refractrometric studies on molecular interactions between some bromoalkanes and nonpolar hydrocarbons. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(5), 650-7.

Refractive indices of the twelve binary mixtures between polar aliphatic molecules, viz., 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane and nonpolar hydrocarbon molecules, viz., cyclohexane, benzene, 1, 4-dimethylbenzene and 1, 3, 5- trimethylbenzene for the entire concentration range have been measured at 308.15 K. Deviation in refractive indices from that for ideal mixture, molar refraction, deviation in molar refraction from ideal mixture values, molecular radius and deviation in molecular radius from the values for ideal mixtures for these mixtures have also been evaluated. The results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between the components of the binary mixtures.

011153   Vikram L;Sivasankar B N (Chemistry Dep, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris-643 002, Email: sivabickol@yahoo.com) : New nine coordinated hydrated heavier lanthanide ethylenediaminetetraacetates containing hydrazinium cation: crystal structure of N₂H₅[Dy(EDTA)(H₂O)₃](H₂O) ₅. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(1), 25-31.

Some new nine coordinated hydrazinium lanthanide ethylenediaminetetraacetate hydrates N₂H₅[Ln(EDTA)(H₂O)₃](H₂O)₅ where Ln: Eu, Gd, Tb or Dy, have been prepared in aqueous media and characterized by chemical and elemental analyses, conductance, magnetic and spectral studies. The X-ray powder diffraction spectra of the complexes exhibit isomorphism in the scries. The dysprosium complex has been prepared as a single crystal suitable lor X-ray single crystal study and its analysis shows that the metal ion is nine coordinated with hexadentate tetravalent EDTA^4- while three more coordination sites arc occupied by water molecules. The simultaneous TG-DTA profiles of the complexes show multi step degradation involving dehydration, ligand pyrolysis and formation of respective metal oxides as end residues. The first stage of degradation provides clear evidence for the removal of five non-coordinated water molecules. The final residues have been identified and confirmed by TG-weight loss and X-ray powder diffraction technique.

6 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

011152   Vijaya Kumar P;Rajeswar Rao V (Chemistry Dep, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506 004, Email: vrajesw@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and antitubercular, antiviral and anticancer activity of 3-(3-mercaptoalkyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazin-6-yl) chromen-2-one and its derivatives. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 106-11.

3-(3-Mercaptoalkyl-7H-[l,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6-yl)-ch romen-2-one 3 have been prepared by the condensation of 3-(2-bromoacetyl)coumarin 1 and 4-amino-5-mercaptoalkyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazole-3-thiol 2 in anhydrous ethanol. Similarly the 7,8-benzo analagues of 1 on reaction with 2 resulted in the formation of 7,8-benzo derivatives of 3s-x. Reaction of 3a with phenacyl chloride in anhydrous ethanol gave corresponding 3-(3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl-sulphanylmelhyl)-7H-[l,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazin-6-yl]chromen-2-one 4. The 7,8-benzo analogues of 3s-t on treatment with phenacyl chloride in anhydrous ethanol under reflux gave 4g and 4h. The newly synthesized compounds are characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectral data. Some of the compounds are screened for their antitubercular, antiviral and anticancer activities.

2 sch, 5 tables, 31 ref

011151   Vijaya Bhaskar C;Nagendrappa G (Chemistry Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006) : Assessment of irrigation water quality parameters of certain tanks located around Tumkur, Karnataka. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2008, 15(1-2), 105-10.

Quality of water is essential both for domestic and agricultural purposes. Water quality refers to the characteristics of a water supply that will influence its suitability for a specific use. Common problems for poor quality of irrigation water were cited and the water quality parameters determined were precisely evaluated and interpreted for the suitability of irrigation. For evaluation of irrigation water, emphasis is placed on the chemical and physical characteristics of the water and only rarely any other factors are considered important. In this background, an effort was made to assess the water quality of seven tanks located around Tumkur, Karnataka. The water samples from these tanks were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, Ca⁺², Mg⁺², Na⁺, Cl^-, TDS, TH, CO₃^-2, HCO₃^- and boron. The SAR, RSC, RSBC values were also determined. The results have shown that all the important parameter values required for irrigation were found to be within the acceptable range. However, the SAR value of sample 4 was high (5.40) that together with EC value of 0.72 mS/cm, has moderate affect on infiltration rate of water into the soil. Except for these minor discrepancies, the qualities of all water samples collected from these tanks were good to excellent quality for irrigation. The chloride concentration of sample 4 was also slightly higher (3.56 m eq/l) than the permissible level (< 2 m eq/l) for irrigation.

4 tables, 20 ref

011150   Venkatraj M;Ponnuswamy S;Jeyaraman R (Chemistry Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: venkatrajm2001@yahoo.com) : Conformational analysis of N₁, N₅-diacyltetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones using NMR spectra and semiempirical MO calculations. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 129-35.

The stereochemistry of N₁,N₅-diacyltetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones 4 and 5 have been studied using NMR spectral techniques and semiempirical MO calculations (AMl and PM3 methods). The N₁,N₅-diacetyl- and N₁,N₅-dibenzoyltetrahydro-4-rnethyl-l,5-benzodiazepin-2-on es (4 and 5, respectively) prefer boat conformations BE with endo orientations of the acyl groups at Nl and exo orientations of the acyl groups at N₅ positions. The X-ray crystal structure of N₁,N₅-dibenzoyltetrahydro-4-methyl-l,5- benzodiazepin-2-one 5 also supported the preference for the boat conformation (BE) with endo and exo orientations of benzoyl groups at N 1 and N5 positions, respectively.

5 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

011149   Venkateswara Rao G;Annamalai T;Mukhopadhyay T (NO, Cavinkare Research Centre, No.12, Poonamalle Road, Ekkattuthangal, Chennai-600 032, Email: rao.gv@cavinkare.com) : Nardal, a new sesquiterpene aldehyde from the plant, Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 163-5.

A new bicyclic sesquiterpene aldehyde has been isolated along with nardin 2 from the hexane extract of the rhizomes of the plant, Nardostachys jatamansi DC. The structure of bicyclic sesquiterpene aldehyde has been established as E-2-methyl, 3-(5,9-dimethylbicyclo[4,3,0]-non-9(l)-en-3-yl)-2-propenal based on the spectral data of its 2,4-DNP derivative and its comparison with known compound isolated from the same plant.

^iia1 table, 23 ref

011148   Tripathi A K;Koul S;Taneja S C (Bio-Organic Chemistry Section, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, (formerly Regional Research, Jammu-180 001) : (NULL). Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 301.

011147   Tas M;Yagan M;Bati H;Bati B;Buyukgungor O (NO, Giresun Univ, Faculty of Arta and Sciences, Chemistry Dep, Email: murattas@ktu.edu.tr) : Synthesis and crystal structure of square-planar and mixed ligand octahedral nickel(II) O,O'-dicyclopentyl dithiophosphate complexes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(1), 37-42.

Ammonium O,O'-dicyclopentylphosphorodithioate (dcpdtp) has been synthesized from phosphorus pentasulphide and cyclopentanol in the presence of ammonia gas. Its complexes, I=[Ni (dcpdtp)₂] and II= [Ni(bp)₂(dcpdtp)₂] (bp=4-benzylpiperidine), have been synthesized and their structures characterized by using UV-vis, IR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements and X-ray single crystal structural analysis. The complexes crystallize in the triclinic system (space groups P T) and exhibit a slightly distorted square planar [NiS₄] and trans-octahedral [NiS₄N₂] geometry for the complexes I and II, respectively.

4 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

011146   Sureshbabu V V;Sudarshan N S; Chennakrishnareddy G (Peptide Research Lab, Studies in Chemistry Dep, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore-560 001) : Simple and rapid synthesis of N<. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 574-9.

An efficient and one-pot synthesis of N^α- protected β-amino alcohols starting from N^α Fmoc-/Bsmoc- /Boc-/Z-α-amino acids and peptide acids using HATU and NaBH₄ has been described.

011145   Sun H T;Tang K;Wang Z Z;Zhou Z Y (Chemistry Dep, Qufu Normal University, Shandong Qufu 273165, People's Republic of China, Email: zhengyu@mail.qfnu.edu.cn) : Density functional theory study on the interaction between formamide and adenine. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 542-7.

The hydrogen bonding of complexes formed between formamide and adenine molecules has been investigated using density functional theory method at 6-311 ++G(d, p) level. Nine stable cyclic structures with two hydrogen bonds being involved in the interaction have been found on the potential energy surface. According to the different hydrogen donors offered by formamide molecules, the nine complexes can be divided into two groups. For AFI-AF5, the hydrogen donors are carbon atoms of the formamide molecules, while the nitrogen atoms act as the hydrogen donors in AF6-AF9. The complex AF6 is most stable amongst all the complexes and N8 atom and N9-H15 group form the strongest hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds with the participation of C3-H11 group are the weakest. The vibrational frequency shifts and IR intensities shifts are also reported.

^ssc1 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

011144   Sujatha K;Perumal P T;Muralidharan D; Rajendran M (Sri Ramachandra College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai-600 116) : Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of bis(indolyl)methanes. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 267-72.

A series of bis(indolyl)methanes have been synthesized by stirring a mixture of indole and aldehydes in methanol:water (1:1 v/v) containing catalytic amount of sodium bisulphite at RT. Acute toxicity, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of the prepared bis(indolyl)methanes are evaluated in vivo in comparison to standard drugs (ibuprofen and indomethacin). In acute toxicity study, no mortality is observed in the tested compounds and compound 3c is found to be safe. All the tested compounds show significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity without an ulcerogenic activity. The most active compounds of this series are 3c and 3d.

011143   Subudhi B B;Panda P K;Bhatta D (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha `O'Anusandhan University, Khandagiri, Bhubaneshwar 751 030) : Synthesis and antiulcer activity study of 1,4-dihydropyridines and their Mannich bases with sulphanilamide. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 725-8.

Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines 1a-e has been performed following Hantzsch pyridine synthesis. Reaction with paraformaldehyde and sulfanilamide yielded 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1-[(4-sulfamoyl-1-amino methyl) phenyl]-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(substituted)-pyridines 2a-e. The antiulcer activity of 1,4-dihydropyridines is enhanced significantly on conjunction with sulfanilamide. Substitution of methoxy group increased the antiulcer potential of the compounds.

011142   Subbarayappa A;Patoliya P U (Analytical Science Div, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002) : Efficient method for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 545-52.

The synthesis of N-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindoles from α,α'-dibromo-o-xylene and various primary amines in basic medium under ambient conditions is described. Especially the selection of 1,4-dioxane as solvent and sodium hydroxide as suitable base to maintain the homogeneity of the medium are key steps to promote the reaction efficiently. Primary alkyl amines react faster as compared to their aromatic analogoue under the conditions studied. Irrespective of the starting amine used all the reactions proceed smoothly and provide 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindoles derivatives in excellent yields compared to hitherto known methods.

011141   Srivastava S;Kanwal Raj;Khare P;Bhaduri A P; Ramesh Chander;Ram Raghubir;Mahendra K;Narsimha Rao C V;Prabhu S R (Medicinal Chemistry Div, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001) : Novel hybrid natural products derived from solanesol as wound healing agents. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 237-47.

A series of hybrid compounds 2a-g, 3a,b, 4a-n have been synthesized from solanesol 1, an acyclic terpenoid alcohol, extracted from tobacco waste. These compounds have been evaluated for antioxidant, angiogenesis and wound healing activity.

011140   Srivastava S K;Nema A;Srivastava S D (Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar-470 003, Email: professorsks@rediffmail.com) : Conventional as well as microwave assisted synthesis of some new N<. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 606-12.

Carbazole on reaction with chloroacetyl chloride afford N⁹- (chloroacetyl)-carbazole, 1 which on treatment with hydrazine hydrate has yielded N⁹-(hydrazinoacetyl)-carbazole, 2. Condenªsation of 2 with various aromatic aldehydes afforded N⁹- (arylidene hydrazinoacetyl)-carbazoles, 3 which on cycloaddition with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine yielded N⁹ -[hydrazinoacety 1-(2-oxo-3-chloro-4-substi tuted aryl azeitiªdine)]-carbazoles 4. All the above reactions are also performed by microwave assisted synthetic method. The structures of all the products are characterized by microanalytical data and spectroscopic techniques. All the synthesized products are screened for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Aspergillus nigar, Aspergillus .f1avus, Fusarium oxisporium and Trichoderma viride.

^ssc3 tables, 11 ref, 1 scheme

011139   Srikrishna A;Mathews M (Organic Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Synthesis of dimethyl ether of marsupsin. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 383-5.

011138   Srikrishna A;Anebouselvy K (Organic Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Enantiospecific total synthesis of ent-10,11-thapsan-10-ol. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 413-22.

Enantiospecific synthesis of the optical antipode of the natural sesquiterpene 10,11-epoxythapsan-10-ol has been reported.

011137   Sonwane S K;Srivastava S D;Srivastava S K (Synthetic organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar-470 003, Email: drsavitri@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-(2'-arylidene-hydrazino-acetyl-amino)-4-4phenyl-1,3-thiazoles and 2-(2'-{4"-substitute-aryl-3"-chloro-2"-oxo-azetidine}-acetyl-amino]-4- phenyl-1,3-thiazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 633-6.

As a part of systematic investigation of synthesis and biological activity, several new 2-(2'-substituted-arylidene-hydrazino-acetyl-amino)-4-phenyl-1,3-thiaz oles, 3 and 2-[2'-{4"-substituted-aryl 1-3" -chloro-2" -oxo-azetidine} -acetyl-amino ]-4ªphenyl-l,3-thiazoles, 4 have been synthesized from 2-(2'ªhydrazino-acetyl)-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole, 2 using 2-aminoª4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole as the starting material. All the synthesized products are evaluated for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxisporium and Trichoderma viride and antibacterial activity against Bacillus substilis, Eschericha coli. Klebsiella pneumoneae and Staphylo-coccus aureus respectively. The structures of all the synthesized compounds have been determined by their spectral and microanalytical data.

1 table, 17 ref, 3 scheme

011136   Sondhi S M;Jain S;Dwivedi A D;Shukla R; Raghubir R (Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Email: sondifcy@iitr.ernet.in) : Synthesis of condensed pyrimidines and their evaluation for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 136-43.

Condensation of 4-isothiocyanato-4-methylpentane-2-one with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 3-amino-2-naphthol, 1-amino-2-naphthol hydrochloride, 3-amino-2-naphthoic acid, l,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane and 1,3-diaminoguanidine hydrochloride give condensation products 1 and 3-8 respectively whereas condensation of 3-isothiocyanato butanal with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 1,3-diaminoguanidine hydrochloride give compounds 2 and 9. All these compounds have been characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 6-9 have been screened for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Compounds 1 and 8 exhibit good analgesic activity whereas all other compounds exhibit moderate anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

1 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

011135   Sondhi S M;Dinodia M;Reshma Rani;Shukla R; Raghubir R (Chemistry Dep, Indian institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667) : Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity evaluation of some pyrimidine derivatives. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 273-81.

A number of pyrimidine derivatives are synthesized. These compounds are screened for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Compounds 10 and 14 exhibited good anti- inflammatory activity and compound 11 showed analgesic activity comparable to standard drug ibuprofen.

011134   Sireesha B;Krishna Rao B;Sarala Devi C; Raghavaiah P (Chemistry Dep, PG College of Science, Osmania University, Saifabad, Hyderabad-500 004, Email: dr_saraladevich@yahoo.com ) : Types of hydrogen bonding in crystal structure of 1-acetyl-3-thiosemicarbazide. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 592-6.

The unit cell structure of l-acetyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (ATSC) and the types of hydrogen bonds present in crystalline form are envisaged from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The presence of four types of hydrogen bonds in crystal packing is evident (N-H.... O, N-H.N, N-H...S and O-H...O) from the results obtained in present study. The topological analysis of hydrogen bonds indicated both inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Presence of water molecule is evident in its structure indicating that the title compound is in hydrated form. The single crystal X-ray diffraction data corresponding to hydrogen bonding reveals the hydrogen-bond strength sequence as: N-H...N > O-H...O > N-H...O > N-H...S.

3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

011133   Singh G S;Pheko T (Chemistry Dep, Botswana Univ, Private Bag: 0022, Gaborone, Botswana, Email: singhgs@mopipi.ub.bw) : Formation and antimicrobial activity of 2-azetidinones from selective ester cleavage in 1,3,3-trisubstituted 4-[2'-(O-diarylacyl)hydroxyphenyl]-2-azetidinones. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 159-62.

Treatment of the 1,3,3-trisubstituted 4-[2'-(O-diarylacyl)-hydroxyphenyl]-2-azetidinones with sodium hydroxide in ethanol at room temperature lead to selective cleavage of the ester linkage in the substrates forming new 1,3,3-trisubstituted 4-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinones, which have been characterized on the basis of analytical and spectral (IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, MS) data. The structure elucidation also involves application of the HMQC and HMBC studies using 2-D NMR (¹H-¹³C COSY) spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the products are reported.

^iia1 sch, 13 ref

011132   Singh G;Anil Kumar (Physical Chemistry Div, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411 008, Email: a.kumar@ncl.res.in) : Isonic liquids: physico-chemical, solvent properties and their applications in chemical processes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 495-503.

A new class of compounds, called as ionic liquids, has recently emerged as potential substitute for volatile organic solvents. Ionic liquids possess certain special physico-chemical characteristics that render them very useful in different areas of research and development. In this review, the physico-chemical properties and the applications of ionic liquids in chemical processes are critically discussed and recommendations made for probing further the poorly understood aspect of this newly emerging class of-compounds.

6 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

011131   Singh A;Sharma M L;Singh J (Chemistry Dep and Centre for Advanced studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014) : Synthesis of (±)- (E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2,7-Octadienoic acid, its methyl ester and (±)- (E)-2,6-dimethyl-octa-2,7-diene-1,6-diol over solid support using microwave. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 452-4.

A simple, exceedingly mild, ecofriendly and an efficient methodology for the synthesis of (±)-(E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2,7-octadienoic acid, its methyl ester and (±)-(E)-2,6-dimethyl-octa-2,7-diene-1,6-diol by utilization of microwave energy has been achieved.

011130   Sidhu A;Rai M (Chemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004) : Condensation of dimethyl malonate with benzal-4-acetylanilines: A chemoselective reaction. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 735-6.

011129   Si W;Zhuo S (School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255091, China) : Thermodynamics and kinetic studies on insertion reaction between CCI and NH₃. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 556-9.

Based on the quantum theoretical study of the insertion reaction of CCI with NH₃, the statistical thermodynamics and Eyring transition state theory with Wigner correction are used to compute the thermodynamic functions, the equilibrium constants, A factors and the rate constants in the temperature range 200-2000K. Results show that the reaction is thermodynamically dominant at low temperatures and kinetically favoured at higher temperatures.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref