011028   Bhambi D;Salvi V K;Bapna A;Pemawat G;Talesara G L (Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313 001) : Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some alkoxyphthalimide derivatives of naphthyridine. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(5), 697-704.

Some 2-{[5-(4-substitutedphenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo [b][1,8]naphthyridin-10-5H-yl]methoxy}phthalimide 4a-e 2-{2-[5-(4-substitutedphenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-6-oxo-6, 7, 8, 9-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin-10-5H-yl]-ethoxy}-phthalimide derivatives 5a-e have been synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activities.

011027   Banerjee J;Ghosh R;Rahaman S H;Dan P K;Ghosh B K (Chemistry Dep, The Univ of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104, Email: rajarshi_chem@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, characterization and properties of mono-, di- and polynuclear nickel(II) pseudohalide complexes contatining bidentate schiff bases. X-ray structure of [Ni(N<. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(1), 9-17.

Three different types of nickel(II) pseudohalide compounds, [Ni(Nⁱ,N^p)₂(X)₂] [Nⁱ,N^p = N-((pyridin-2-yl)benzylidene) benzylamine; X = N₃^-, 1; X = NCS^-, 2; X = NCO^-, 3], [Ni(Nⁱ,N^p)₂(X)]₂(Y)₂ [X = N₃^-, Y = ClO₄^-, 4; X = N₃^-, Y = PF₆^-, 5; X = NCO^-, X = ClO₄^-, 6; X = NCO^-, Y = PF₆^-, 7] and [Ni(Nⁱ,N^p)(N₃)₂]_n, (8) have been prepared and characterized using microanalytical, spcctroscopic and other physicochemical results. Single crystal X-ray study of one of the mononuclear compounds, [Ni(Nⁱ,N^p)₂(NCS)₂] (2) has been done. Structural analysis revca's that the metal center in 2 adopts a distorted octahedral geometry with an NiN₆ chromophore coordinated through four N atoms of two bidentatc L units and two N atoms of terminal thiocyanate in mutual cis orientation. The mononuclear units in 2 are engaged in intermolecular weak C-H...S hydrogen bonding to give a 1 D chain. Electrochemical electron transfer study reveals nearly-reversible responses to Ni^III/Ni^II couple in acctontrilc solutions. High-energy intraligand ¹(π-π*) fluoresccncc at room temperature and intraligand ³(π-π*) phosphorescence in glassy solutions (MeOH at 77 K) are seen in all the complexes.

3 ilus, 4 tables, 20 ref

011026   Bachu R K;Patwari M K;Syeda A B;Goodida S W; Tangeda S J;Nallani S (Chemistry Dep, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076) : Thermodynamic and transport properties of binary liquid mixtures of phenylacetonitrile with some aliphatic amines. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(12), 1809-13.

Excess molar volumes and deviations in viscosity have been measured for some aliphatic amines in phenylacetonitrile from density and viscosity measurements at 308.15 K. The amines chosen for present study are diethyl amine, propyl amine, diisopropyl amine, butyl amine and I-butyl amine. All properties are fitted to the Redlich-Kister type polynomial using multi-parametric non-linear regression analysis to estimate the binary coefficients and standard errors. Other parameters like excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow, and Grunberg-Nissan interaction parameter are also utilized in the qualitative analysis to elicit the specific interactions.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

011025   Avneet Kaur;Bakshi A K (Chemistry Dep, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: akbakhshi2000@yahoo.com) : Tailoring electrically conducting copolymers using genetic algorithm. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(5), 631-6.

In the last several years, genetic algorithm has gained wide acceptance as a robust optimization algorithm in almost all areas of science and engineering, including polymer science. There are different stages in the production of polymers, starting from the design of molecules, through their manufacture in reactors, and finally ending with their processing. In each stage, genetic algorithm can be and has been used to determine optimum solutions. The application of genetic algorithm in obtaining the optimal solution for a copolymer with minimum band-gap and maximum delocalization is discussed. Quasi-one-dimensional model binary polymeric superlattices belonging to Type I and Type II-staggered have been investigated using genetic algorithm.

011024   Ashrafi A R;Ghorbani M;Jalali M (NO, Institute of Nsanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of KashanpKa, , Email: ashrafi@kashanu.ac.ir ) : Computing sadhana polynomial of V-phenylenic nanotubes and nanotori. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(4), 535-7.

Sadhana polynomial is defined as Sd(G,x) = ∑_c m(G,c)-x^|E|-c, where m(G,c) is the number of strips of length c. This new polynomial has been defined to evaluate the Sadhana index of a molecular graph. The relation between this new polynomial and Omega polynomial is investigated. In particular, a method of computing Sadhana polynomial and then Sadhana index for V -phenylenic nanotubes and nanotori with given parameters m and n has been described.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

011023   Anil Kumar;Ahmed I;Sudershan Rao M;Patel G; Dalip Kumar (Chemistry Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031) : Simple and efficient PTT-mediated synthesis of α-azidoketones in [bmim][BF₄] ionic liquid. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(4), 611.

A simple and efficient one-pot method has been described for the direct synthesis of α-azidoketones from various ketones possessing α-hydrogen by reaction with phenyltrimethyl-ammonium tribromide (PTT) and subsequent treatment with NaN₃ in ionic liquid. The procedure gives high yield and the ionic liquid can be reused.

011022   Anam E M (Chemical Sciences Dep, Cross River University of Technology, CRUTECH, PMB 1123, Calabar, CRS, Nigeria) : Cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic glycosides from Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae). Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 423-9.

011021   Ameerunisha Begum M S;Saha S;Nethaji M; Chakravarty A R (Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore- 560 012, Email: arc@ipc.iisc.ernet.in) : Synthesis, crystal structures and protease activity of amino acid Schiff base iron(III) complexes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2009, 48(4), 473-9.

Iron(III) complexes, (NHEt₃)[Fe(III)(sal-met)₂] and (NHEt₃)[Fe(III)(sal-phe)₂], of amino acid Schiff base ligands, viz., N-salicylidene-L-methionine and N-salicylidene-L-phenylalanine, have been prepared and their binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and photo-induced BSA cleavage activity have been investigated. The complexes are structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of the discrete mononuclear monoanionic complexes show FeN₂O₄ octahedral coordination geometry in which the tridentate dianionic amino acid Schiff base ligand binds through phenolate and carboxylate oxygen and imine nitrogen atoms. The imine nitrogen atoms are trans to each other. The Fe-O and Fe-N bond distances range between 1.9 and 2.1 Å. The sal-met complex has two pendant thiomethyl groups. The high-spin iron(III) complexes (m_eff ~ 5.9 mB) exhibit quasi-reversible Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process near -0.6 V vs. SCE in water. These complexes display a visible electronic band near 480 nm in tris-HCl buffer assignable to the phenolate-to-iron(III) charge transfer transition. The water soluble complexes bind to BSA giving binding constant values of ~105 M^-1. The complexes show non-specific oxidative cleavage of BSA protein on photo-irradiation with UV-A light of 365 nm.

011020   Alam P;Ali M (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110 062) : Phytochemical investigation of Calotropis procera Ait roots. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 443-6.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Calotropis procera Ait. (Asclepiadaceae) yields two new phytoconstituents procerursenyl acetate and proceranol together with the known compounds N-dotriacont-6-ene, glyceryl mono-oleolyl -2-phosphate, methyl myrisate, methyl behenate and glyceryl - 1, 2 -dicapriate -3- phosphate. The structures of the new compounds have been identified as urs - 18α-H- 12, 20 (30) - diene - 3β-yl acetate and n-triacontan -10β-ol on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.

011019   Agravat S;Jain V;Oza A T (Physics Dep, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: ajayozat@yahoo.com) : Vibrational spectra of CT complexes of acridine orange. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(3), 341-7.

Infrared spectra of acridine orange and its charge transfer complexes with acceptors such as chloranil, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodirnethane (TCNQ) and teracyano-p-ethylene (TCNE) are reported here. Their photo conducting nature is explained with two absorption edges in infrared range associated with nonªequivalent sites of chloride ion or formation of bonding, non-bonding and antibonding orbitals. The mid-IR transition is usually direct and the low-energy transition is indirect. Whether the transition is allowed or forbidden depends on average intermolecular distance. This differs from ordinary ternary complexes in which two acceptors give rise to two conduction bands. Also, there is absence of any screening found in two donor based ternary systems. There is some band tailing of phonon bands in absorption function above E_g. Only TCNQ and TCNE complexes show weak Gaussian bands below 800 cm^-1. The repetitions of structures associated with the oscillations in the density of states are found which reveal that these CT complexes can work as molecular multi-vibrators.

5 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

011018   Aghera V K;Parsania P H (Chemistry Dep, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005) : Cleaner approach for reduction of some symmetric diimines using NaBH₄. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(3), 438-42.

011017   Aghapour G;Afzali A;Salek F (School of Chemistry, Damghan University of Basic Sciences, Damghan, 3671641167, Iran) : Facile, high regio- and chemoselective conversion of epoxides to β-chlorohydrins using chloro-diphenyl-phosphine under solvent-free conditions. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2009, 48(2), 231-6.

A new method is described for the mild and high regioselective conversion of epoxides to β-chlorohydrins in high yields even in the presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids, oximes, amides, thiols and tetrahydropyranyl ethers using chloro-diphenyl-phosphine (ClPPh2) under solvent-free and neutral conditions at room temperature and in short reaction times. In addition, some other functional groups such as carbon-carbon double bonds, ester groups and also phenyl ring that are present in the epoxide molecules remain intact in this method.

011016   Abdullah S T;Hinna Hamid;Alam M S;Ansari S H; Ali M (NO, Hamdard University, Hamard Nagar, Email: msalam747@yahoo.co.in) : Two new phytoconstitutednts from Rumex maritimus. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(4), 619-22.

A new polyhydroxy ketone derivative and a terpene glycoside have been isolated from the seeds of Rumex maritimus. Their structures have been established as 3,7, 11, 15-tetramethyl-n-octadac-13-en-3,4,6, 7 ,8,1 I-hexol-12-one 1 and 8β-hydroxy-14β-methyl-7-oxopodocarp-5-en -13-( 19α-hydroxy-19,22,22-trimethyl-heptyl)-22-O-W-D-glucopy ranosyl)-( 4→ 1) β-D-glucopyranoside 2, respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectral data analysis.

2 illus, 22 ref

011015   Abbasoglu R;Uygur Y;Magerramov A (Chemistry Dep, Karadeniz Technical Univ, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey, Email: rabbas@ktu.edu.tr) : Ab initio and DFT investigation of the mechanism and stereochemistry of electrophilic addition reaction of chlorine to bicyclo [3.2.2.]nona-6,8-diene. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(1), 90-6.

Full geometric optimization of bicyclo[3.2.2]nona-6,8-diene (BND) is done by ab initio and DFT methods and the structure of the molecule is also investigated. The double bond (I) situated in the opposite direction of methylene group in BND molecule is more exo pyramidalized than the other double bond (II). The electron density (qi,HoMo) of the double bond (I) in HOMO of the molecule is more than that of the double bond (II). Exo and endo faces of exo pyramidalized double bonds of the molecule are not equal and electron density is bigger in endo faces. The molecular complexes of BND with chlorine have been investigated by B3LYP/6-311+G* method and their stable configurations have been determined. The reason why endo molecular complexes are more stable than exo molecular complexes, can be explained by electronic and steric factors. Because of electronic factors, BND...Cl2(endo l) complex is more stable than BND...Cl₂(endo2). The endo-bridged chloronium cation (1) is relatively more stable than the endo-bridged cation (II). Endo-facial stereoselectivity and regioselectivity should be observed in the addition of chlorine to BND molecule. Endo-facial stereoselectivity is caused by electronic and steric effects, and regioselectivity by electronic effects. The rearranged chlorocarbonium cation (IV) is the most stable among the cationic intermediates and the ionic addition reaction occurs via this cation.

4 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

010120   Zhao J;Yu Q T;Li P;Zhang Y J;Wang W (Pharmacognosy Dep, China Pharmaceutical Univ, Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, No. 24 Tongija Lane, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China, Email: liping2004@126.com) : Qualitative and quantitative determination of ten bioactive compounds in two Glycyrrhiza species using HPLC coupled with DAD and MS. Asian Chem Lett 2008, 12(1-2), 33-40.

A HPLC coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of ten major components of saponins, flavonoids and coumarins, namely glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, rutin, calycosin, quercetin, ononin. formononetin and glycyrol in two Glycyrrhiza species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflate, used as Gancao in China. Simultaneous separation of these ten compounds was achieved on a C18 analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.2% aqueous formic acid and (B) acetonitrile with gradient elution. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r² > 0.999) within test ranges. This method showed good repeatability for the quantification of these ten components in Gancao with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 0.82% and 1.35% for retention time, as well as 1.89% and 2.62% for peak area, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify ten investigated components in eighteen samples of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflata.

3 illus, 5 tables, 45 ref

010119   Venkateswara Rao C;Singh S K;Viswanathan B (National Centre for Catalysis Research, Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: bvnathan@iitm.ac.in) : Electrochemical performance of nano-SiC prepared in thermal plasma. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1619-25.

The possibility of using SiC as support for Pt and its use as alternate electrodes for fuel cell applications has been examined. Plasma technique and hydrogen reduction method have been employed for the preparation of nano-SiC and Pt/SiC respectively. These materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Powder XRD patterns of SiC and Pt/SiC reveal the existence of β-phase SiC and FCC structure of Pt. SEM and TEM analyses indicate a two-dimensional network of SiC chains and spherical shaped Pt particles on SiC support. EDX confirms the presence of Si and C in SiC and Pt, Si and C in the Pt/SiC samples. The electrochemical performance of Pt/SiC has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Oxygen reduction measurements performed by linear sweep voltammetry indicate that the as-prepared Pt/SiC catalyst exhibits ORR activity comparable with that of commercial Pt/C (E-TEK) catalyst.

7 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

010118   Tan S;Ge L;Tan S N (Natural Sciences and Science Ecucation Academic Group, Nanyang Technological Univ, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Email: sweengin.tan@nie.edu.sg) : Analysis of flavonoids in phytopharmaceuticals of Ginkgo biloba L. extracts by capillary zone electrophoresis. Asian Chem Lett 2008, 12(1-2), 49-58.

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method is developed for the analysis of nine selected flavonoids, including daidzein, genistein, rutin, kaempferol, apigenin, fisetin, myricetin, quercetin and morin. The effects of pH, buffer concentration and applied voltage on the CZE separation were evaluated systematically. Under optimum conditions, a satisfactory separation of the nine flavonoids was accomplished within 16 min using 20 mM borate buffer (pH 8.8) with 14 kV as the separation voltage. The CZE method developed had good peak migration time repeatability and had been successfully applied to detect the presence of rutin and quercetin from two commercial health supplement of Gingko biloba L. extracts.

6 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

010117   Surendra Babu M S;Krishna P G;Hussain Reddy K;Philip G H (Chemistry Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur-515 003, Email: khussainreddy@yahoo.co.in) : Characterization and nuclease activity of mixed ligand Ni(II) complexes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1661-5.

Mixed ligand complexes having molecular formulae Ni(L)₂(L')₂ [where LH = salicylaldoxime(SAO) or 2-hydroxy-acetophcnone oxirne (HAO); L'= pyridine or imidazole] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, UV-vis and IR spectra. The magnetic moment and UV data suggest square planar geometry for parent complexes and octahedral geometry for mixed ligand complexes. Electrochemical studies have been carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The active signals are assignable to the Ni^{II/I redox couple. Binding of metal complexes with calf thymus DNA is revealed by absorption spectrophotometry. The cleavage activity of complexes has been carried out on a double stranded pBR 322 circular plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis in the presence and in the absence of oxidant (H₂O₂).}

^ssc1 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

010116   Srivastava S K;Kar M;Ravi S (Physics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati-781 039, Email: sravi@iitg.ernet.in) : Preparation, characterization and magnetic properties of hexagonal Y_1-xCe_xMnO₃. Indian J Phys 2008, 82(2), 195-200.

Electron doped Y_1-XCe_xMnO₃ compounds were prepared for x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 by solid state route. These samples were characterized by recording X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Scanning Electron Micrographs and Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS) at room temperature. All the samples are essentially in single phase form with hexagonal structure and could be refined using P6₃cm space group. The typical lattice parameters are found to be a = b = 6.133Angstrum and c = 11.366Angstrum for Y_0-9Ce_0.1MnO₃ sample. Temperature variations of ac susceptibility measurements down to 20K were carried out and they show that the Ce doped samples exhibit paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition with onset temperature at around 100K followed by low temperature peak at around 28K, indicating the presence of competing magnetic interactions.

7 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

010115   Song M;Li D;Han G T J;Shen J P;Zhang Y D (Pharmaceutical Analysis Dep, China Pharmaceutical Univ, Nanjing 210009, PR China, Email: hangtj@cpu.cn) : Determination and pharmacokinetic study of colchicine in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Asian Chem Lett 2008, 12(1-2), 59-66.

The development of a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) for the selective and sensitive determination and pharmacokinetic study of colchicine at ppb levels in human plasma was described with indapamide as internal reference standard. Colchicine was extracted from plasma with ethyl acetate. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed phase Agilent Zorbax Extend C 18 column (250 mmx4.6mm i.d.; Sμm) using a mixture of methanol-water-formic acid (70:30:0.05, v/v/v) as mobile phase delivered at 1.0mL/min. The split detection was made with a Finnigan TSQ Quantum ultra mass spectrometer by SRM with argon collision-induced dissociation. Ion transitions of m/z 400 to m/z 400 and m/z 366 to m/z 132 were monitored for colchicine and indapamide, respectively, both with CID energy of 20 eV and argon gas pressure of 1.2 m Torr. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range from 0.05 to 20.00 ng/mL (r ≥ 0.998) with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 50 pg/mL. The results of within and between-batches precision were 9.1-16.4% and 8.0-13.6%, respectively. The validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic study of colchicine in twenty healthy male Chinese subjects. The plasma concentration time profiles of colchicine were best fitted with two-compartment models. The main pharmacokinetic parameters found for colchicine after a single oral dose of 1.0 mg colchicine tablets were as follows: C_max 4.57 ±2.13 ng/mL, T_max 1.1 ± 0.3 h, t_1/2λz 13.00 ± 3.46 h, AUC_0-36h 27.74 ± 9.40 h.ng/mL, AUC_0-∞ 31.64 ± 11.28 h-ng/mL, K_a 3.94 ± 2.99 1/h, CL/F 36.57 ± 11.08 L/h, and Vl/F 233.84 ± 147.33 L.

4 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

010114   Ranjan Roy D;Duley S;Chattaraj P K (Chemistry Dep, Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: pkc@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Bonding, reactivity and aromaticity in some novel all-metal metallocenes. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2008, 74(1), 11-18.

Two π-bonded aromatic systems, Mg₃^2- and Be₃^2- and their couple of sandwich complexes are geometry optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 l+G[d] level of theory. Nature of bonding and possible aromaticity in those systems are analyzed in terms of different conceptual density functional theory based reactivity descriptors as well as the nucleus independent chemical shift. As shown before for the Be cluster, the other dianion can as well stabilize a direct Zn-Zn bond.

5 illus, 4 tables, 89 ref

010113   Ramesh K V;Raju G M J;Sarma C B;Murthy V R; Raju R V S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: gmjraju@gmail.com) : Liquid-wall mass transfer in three-Phase fluidised beds with annular flow. Indian chem Engr 2008, 50(4), 277-87.

Intimate mixing among the phases facilitates significant improvements in heat and mass transfer coefficients in two-phase flow systems in comparison to homogeneous flow. Introduction of a gas phase into a liquid-solid fluidised bed facilitates better circulation of the solids interacting physically with the reacting surface (outer wall of annular electrode). Thus, three-phase fluidisation has wide applications in chemical, petrochemical and biochemical processes. An experimental column with 44.4 mm I.D. with different annular copper rods serving as electrodes was used as the test section in the present study. The system chosen is an electrolyte-inert particles-nitrogen gas. The electrolyte is an equimolar ferri-ferro cyanide (redox) solution in the presence of an indifferent electrolyte. Diffusion controlled electrode reactions were employed to obtain limiting current densities and, hence, mass transfer coefficients. The liquid-wall mass transfer coefficient increased with increasing superficial gas velocity and reached a plateau. At constant superficial gas velocity k_L was found to be relatively independent of the variation in superficial liquid velocity. The k_L increased with increase in particle diameter and remained unaffected with equivalent diameter. The maximum value of k_L occurred when the gas to liquid mass velocity ratio is equal to 1.55 x 10^-3. This finding helps in optimising the design and operating conditions of a three-phase fluidised bed. The mass transfer coefficient data were correlated in terms of Coulburn j_D-factor, particle Reynolds number Re_p, Froude number based on gas velocity Fr_g and gas-liquid mass velocity ratio G_mr as j_D = 7.971 G_mrRe_P^0.03 FR_g^0.48.

8 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

010112   Puttaswamy;Suresha N (Post Graduate Studies in Chemistry Dep, Central College Campus, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 001, Email: pswamy_chem@yahoo.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of Ru(III) catalyzed and uncatalyzed oxidation of atenolol by chloramine-T in perchloric acid medium. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1649-55.

The kinetics and mechanism of chloramine-T (CAT)-oxidation of atenolol (ATN) in aqueous perchloric acid medium have been studied at 26 ± 0.1°C in the presence and absence of Ru(III) catalyst. Under identical experimental conditions, the reaction shows a first-order dependence on [CAT]₀, a zero-order dependence on [ATN]₀ and an inverse fractional-order dependence on [H⁺] for both the Ru(lII) catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions. The order with respect to Ru(III) is unity. Variation of ionic strength and addition of p-toluenesulfonamide or chloride ion have no effect on the rate. Decrease in dielectric constant of the reaction medium decreases the rate constant in both cases. Activation parameters have been computed. The stoichiometry of the reaction is found to be 1:4 and the main oxidation products are identified as 4-acetamidobenzeneoxyacetic acid and isopropyl amine. Based on the kinetic data, the conjugate acid, CH₃C₆H₄SO₂NHCl, is assumed to be the reactive oxidizing species in both cases. The Ru(III) catalyzed reactions are 2-3 times faster than the uncatalyzed reactions. Mechanisms consistent with the observed rate laws have been proposed.

3 tables, 20 ref

010111   Purohit P;Kumbhani S;Shashtri I;Banerji K K; Sharma P K (Chemistry Dep, JNV Univ, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: drpkvs27@yahoo.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by tetrakis (pyridine) silver dichromate. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1671-5.

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by tetrakis(pyridine) silver dichromate(TPSD) in DMSO have been studied. The main product of oxidation is carbon dioxide. The reaction is first order each with respect to TPSD and the organic acids. The reaction is acid-catalysed and the acid dependence has the form, k_obs = a + b [H⁺], The oxidation of α-deuterioformic acid exhibits a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (k_H/k_D = 5. 65 at 298 K). The reaction has been studied in nineteen different organic solvents and the solvent effect has been analysed using Taft's and Swain's multiparametric equations. The temperature dependence of the kinetic isotope effect indicates the presence of a symmetrical cyclic transition state in the rate determining step. Suitable mechanisms have been proposed.

^ssc3 tables, 11 ref

010110   Pedersen-Bjergaard S;Rasmuseen K E (School of Pharmacy, Oslo Univ, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, Email: stig.pedersen-bjergaard@farmasi.uio.no) : Hollow-fiber supported liquid-phase microextraction - enrichment and sample clean-up for drug analysis with micro liter volumes of organic solvent. Asian Chem Lett 2008, 12(1-2), 1-8.

In hollow-fiber based liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), target analytes are extracted from aqueous samples, through a thin layer of an organic solvent (supported liquid membrane) immobilized in the pores in the wall of a porous hollow fiber, and into an acceptor solution present in the lumen of the hollow fiber. The acceptor solution can be the same solvent as used for the supported liquid membrane (SLM) providing a 2-phase extraction system, or alternatively the acceptor solution can be an aqueous phase providing a 3-phase extraction system. The former is directly compatible with gas chromatography (GC), whereas in the latter case, the acceptor solution can be injected directly into liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE). Since the same simple equipment can be used in different extraction modes, the technique provides a high degree of flexibility, and since the supported liquid membrane only consumes a few micro liters of organic solvent, LPME can also be used to strongly limit the use of hazardous organic solvents. LPME provides an efficient mean of target analyte enrichment, and provides also very efficient sample cleanup of biological samples. The focus on the different principles of LPME, method development, performance and selected drug analysis applications.

3 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

010109   Naik P N;Kulkarni S D;Chimatadar S A; Nandibewoor S T (PG Dep of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad-580 003, Email: stnandibewoor@yahoo.com) : Mechanistic study of oxidation of sulfacetamide by diperiodatocuprate(III) in aqueous alkaline medium. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1666-70.

The oxidation of sulfacetamide, a sulfonamide drug, by alkaline diperiodatocuprate(III) has been studied at 298 K and at constant ionic strength. The reaction is first order in diperiodatocuprate(III) and has less than unit order in sulfacetamide concentration. The rate constants increase with increase in alkali concentration and decrease with increase in periodate concentration. A mechanism has been proposed wherein monoperiodatocuprate(III) is the active species. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism and the activation parameters for the slow step have been computed.

3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

010108   Mittal S K;Ashok Kumar S K;Gupta N R;Ocak M; Ocak U (School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Thapar Univ, Patiala-147 004, Email: smittal@thapar.edu) : Silver selective electrode based on liquid membrane containing N₂S₂O₂ macrocycle as ionophore. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1676-80.

Plasticized membrane using 5,6:17,18-dibenzo,11,12-(4-nitrobcnzo)-2,3-bis(hydroxyimine)-7,16-dith ia-10,13-dioxo-4, 19-diaazacyclooctadecane (N₂S₂O₂) based ionophore has been expIored as Ag⁺ ion-selective sensor. Optimum performance is observed with membrane having composition of PVC, plasticizer and ionophore in the ratio of 33: 65; 2 (wt. %). Stability constants for different metal ions have been determined by conductometric titrations. The sensor works satisfactorily in the concentration range of 2.5x10^-5 to 1.0x10^-1 M (detection limit 7.9x10^-6 M) with a Nernstian slope of 58.5 mV/decade of activity. Wide pH range (5.0-9.0), fast response time (15 s), non-aqueous tolerance (up to 30%) and adequate shelf life (3 months) indicate the vital utility of the proposed sensor. The proposed electrode shows good selectivity for Ag⁺ ion with respect to alkali, alkaline earth, transition and rare earth metal ions and can be used for its determination in binary mixtures. Determination of chloride contents in samples of Vitamin B₁ and tap water has also been made by using the proposed electrode.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

010107   Matra S;Dutta B K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Teknologi Petronas Univ, Tronoh-31750, Malaysia, Email: binaydutta@petronas.com.my) : Kinetics of solid phase reactions. Indian chem Engr 2008, 50(4), 337-53.

The kinetics of solid state reactions are, in general, complex compared to liquid or gas phase reactions, as they do not follow any simple rate law. Due to the unsolvable nature of the Arrhenius temperature integral, which is the backbone for solid state reaction kinetics, many methods have been proposed from thermal analysis experiments, to determine the kinetic parameters. Most of these methods involve force fitting of experimental data to a simple reaction order kinetic model and consider the pre-exponential factor as independent of temperature. Some new methods have been explored for the analysis of solid state kinetics data. In one method the pre-exponential factor is treated as a function of temperature and kinetic equations have been developed, which can be solved by available software or developed programs. Again, the use of a novel simulation technique, genetic algorithm, in determining the kinetic parameters has also been shown. Application of non-Arrhenius relationship in solving the kinetic problems has been discussed further. A straightforward differential approach for the analysis of the kinetic data has also been discussed.

5 illus, 6 tables, 40 ref

010106   Keshavarz M H;Pouretedal H R;Semnani A (Chemistry Dep, Malek-ashtar Univ of Technology, Shahin-shahr P.O. Box 83145/115, Islamic Rapublic of Iran, Email: mhkeshavarz@mut-es.ac.ir) : Simple way to predict electric spark sensitivity of nitramines. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 505-9.

Presents a new simple method for predicting electric spark sensitivity of nitramine energetic compounds. This method is based on the calculated detonation velocity at maximum nominal density (theoretical maximum density) and then corrected for some nitramines which have some specific molecular structure. The predicted electric spark sensitivity by new method are compared with calculated results on the basis of quantum mechanical computations for 17 nitramines so that the root mean square (rms) deviations from experiment for new and complicated quantum mechanical methods are 1.23 and 4.02 J, respectively. The new model is also used for two new nitamine explosives TNAZ [1,3,3-trinitroazatidine] and TEX [4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,10-tetraoxa-4,10-diazaisowurtzitane] in which predicted results are close to measured values.

2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

010105   Kalaichelvan S;Sundaraganesan N;Dominic Joshua B (Physics Dep, A.A. Govt. Arts College, Namakal-637 001, Email: sundaraganesan_n2003@yahoo.co.in) : FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra and ab initio HF and DFT calculations of 2-nitro-and 4-nitrobenzaldehydes. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1632-41.

Combined experimental and theoretical studies on molecular and vibrational structure of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzaldehydes are reported. The Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectra of 2NB and 4NB has been recorded in the solid phase. The optimized geometry has been calculated by HF and B3LYP methods with 6-31 1++G(d,p) basis set. The harmonic vibrational frequencies of the title compounds have been performed at the same level of theories. The scaled theoretical wave numbers show very good agreement with the experimental values. The thermodynamic functions of the title compounds have also been computed at HF/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31 l++G(d,p) levels of theory. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 2NB and 4NB is reported. The theoretical FT-1R spectra of the title molecules have also been constructed.

5 illus, 3 tables, 46 ref

010104   Gharge M N;Bhattar S L;Kolekar G B;Patil S R (Fluorescence Spectroscopy Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: srp_fsl@rediffmail.com) : Structural and photophysical aspects of perylene-doped anthracene crystalline powders prepared by microwave heating. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1642-8.

The microwave assisted polycrystalline luminophors of anthracene have been prepared by addition of varying amounts of perylene dopant. The crystallanity and homogeneity of mixed crystals have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. The structural parameters such as grain size, microstrain, dislocation density and stacking fault in mixed crystal growth have been estimated as a function of perylene concentration. The mixed crystalline powders arc fine grained. Increase in stacking fault indicates closely packed stacked structure of perylene-doped anthracene. The fluorescence studies show quenching of monomer fluorescence of anthracene by perylene dopant. Higher concentration of perylene generates exciplex in the excited state, which is observed in the form of a broad, structureless, red shifted band. The fluorescence quenching and exciplex formation have been explained on the basis of excitation energy transfer and molecular interaction between anthracene and perylene. The fluorescence characteristics of mixed crystals are described using Stern-Volmer kinetics. The fluorescence results are correlated with structural parameters.

7 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

010103   Gao X H;Zhang Q W;Li S P (Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Macau Univ, Taipa, Macau SAR, China, Email: qwzhang@umac.mo) : Preparative separation of three compounds from essential oil of Curcuma longa using high performance centrifugal partition of chromatography. Asian Chem Lett 2008, 12(1-2), 81-6.

A high performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) method was developed for preparative separation of three compounds, namely arturmerone, α-turmerone and β-turmerone, from fractionated essential oil of Curcuma longa enriched by silica gel column chromatography. The separation was successfully performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-heptane-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (4:3:1, v/v/v) in combination of descending and ascending separation modes. Their structures were identified by comparing their retention times and MS spectra with those of standards analyzed by GC-MS, and the purities were more than 91.5%.

3 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

010102   Dutta D;Jana A D;Ray A;Marek J;Ali M (Chemistry Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: mali2062@yahoo.com ) : Synthesis of a new polymorph in [Cu(pyridine-2-carboxylate)₂] system. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(11), 1656-60.

Single crystal X-ray studies on a doubly carboxylate bridged {[Cu(pic)₂].2H₂O}_n (1) (pic = pyridine-2-carboxylate) polymeric chains extending along the crystallographic a axis reveal that adjacent polymeric chains are joined by the lattice water chains running parallel to the polymeric chain leading to a 2D sheet in the (101) plane. The successive sheets are interdigitated and glued to each other by a novel C=O ... π interaction into a 3D supramolecular motif. The complex (1) can be regarded as a pseudo-polymorph of [Cu(pic)₂]_n which has been realized in two forms, violet (2) and blue-violet (3) from methanol.

^ssc4 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

010101   Chauhan S;Srivastava V K (Chemical Engineering and Technology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: sanchita_pu@yahoo.co.in) : Modelling for propylene and propane present in the exhaust gases in a monolithic catalytic converter. Indian chem Engr 2008, 50(4), 301-11.

Mathematical modelling of catalytic converters is used increasingly to improve the design of monolith. Reliable and efficient numerical simulations can help reduce the number of experiments and allow interpretation in detail of the effect of some parameters otherwise neglected. Two pollutant hydrocarbons - propylene and propane - present in the exhaust of vehicles are considered. Model equations are proposed to calculate the concentrations and temperature of the gases, along with catalyst temperature during warm-up. Ordinary differential equations are used for calculating the concentration and temperature of the gases, and partial differential equation is used for calculating the catalyst temperature. All these equations are coupled and are solved using Runge-Kutta method of fourth order and backward implicit scheme.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

010100   Ashok Kumar Singh;Kushwaha U;Amita K;Khan F (Chemistry Dep, B.B. (P.G) College, Jhansi-284 003) : Rutenium (III) catalysed oxidation of maleic acid by tetravalent cerium - a kinetic and mechanistic approach.. Flora Fauna 2008, 14(2), 347-54.

Kinetics of ruthenium(III) catalysed oxidation of maleic acid by acidic cerium (IV) has been studied by following the rate of disappearance of [Ce(IV)]. The reaction is zero order with respect to [Ce(IV)], and unity with respect to both [maleic acid] and [catalyst]. Negative effect of [H+] and inverse first order with respect to [CI-] was observed while negligible effect of variation of [HSO4-] and ionic strength was observed. The results suggest the formation of a complex between substrate and hydroxylated species of Ruthenium(III) in a fast step. The complex reacts further with the acidic cerium (IV) species in a rate determining step to yield the products. The reaction constants involved in the mechanism and the activation parameters have been calculated. There is a good agreement between observed and calculated rate constant under different experimental conditions. Formic acid was detected as end product.

9 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

008994   Zope V S;Bonde S L;Dangat V T (Chemistry Dep, M.J. College, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, Email: dr_zope@rediffmail.com) : Kinetics studies on the rapid iodination of anthranilic acid by iodine monochloride in aqueous solution. Res J Chem Envir 2007, 11(2), 43-8.

The iodination of anthranilic acid by iodine Monochloride in aqueous solution has been studied by Rotating Platinum Electrode (RPE) technique. Unlike iodination by iodine in potassium iodide, which is slow and can be studied iodometrically, iodination by iodine monochloride is rapid and requires the use of a special technique. Iodine monochloride is electro reducible at RPE giving diffusion current which is linearly proportional to its concentration. As iodine monochloride is the only species in the reaction system which is electro reducible at suitably applied potentials, the course of the reaction is followed by measuring the diffusion current generated by the iodine monochloride at the RPE at the interval of times. Iodination is pH dependent, hence it has been carried out in buffered solution of pH-4. Due to presence of H⁺ ions the hydrolysis of iodine monochloride is suppressed, the reaction equilibrium is given as ICl + H₂O = HOl + H⁺ + Cl. Addition of supporting electrolyte (KCl) serves to further suppress this hydrolysis. The specific reaction rate at 25.5 °C was found to be 3.95 x 10² M^-1S^-1 and energy of activation as 64.28 KJ mole^-1. A suitable mechanism for the iodination has been proposed.

4 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

008993   Vora J J;Vasava S B;Patel A D;Parmar K C; Chauhan S K;Sharma S S (Chemistry Dep, Hemchandrachraya North Gujarat University, Patan-384 265, Email: jabali_vora@hotmail.com) : Synthesis, Characterization and antibacterial activity of a new series of s-triazines derived and quinolines. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 201-6.

Eight-Hydroxy quinoline was synthesized using Skraup reaction. This was condensed with trichloro-s-triazine. The product of the above reaction was allowed to react with triazole derivative. Finally, urea derivatives were allowed to react and the products were characterized by conventional and instrumental methods. Their structures were determined and important biochemical properties were studied.

3 tables, 16 ref

008992   Vora J J;Patel D R;Patel A D;Patel K;Sharma S;Bhutadiya L S;Vasava S B (Chemistry Dep, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384 265, Email: jabali_vora@hotmail.com) : Solution study of complex formation of some diamines with lanthanones. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 270-2.

Studies the metal ligand equilibrium in aqueous solution, the well known Irving-Rossotti titration method was used. The temperature selected is 30±0.1 DC at ionic strength 0.2 M (NaClO₄) which was maintained constant through out the work. The binary metal complex (ML₂) formation was studied. The metals selected are Sm³⁺, Gd³⁺, Dy^{3+ and Yb3+. The diamine ligands taken are ethylenediamine, 1,2 diarnino propane, 1,3 diamino propane, N-N diethyl ethylenediamine and N-N-dimethyl ethylenediamine. Factors that affected the stability of the complexes are size and ionic potential of lanthanone ions, basicity of ligands, ring size and steric effect of ligands.}

1 table, 24 ref

008991   Vijay Kumar H;Gnanendra C R;Naik N (Studies in Chemistry Dep, University of Mysore, Manasasgangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: drnaik_chem@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis of amino acid analogues of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine and evaluation of their radical scavenging activity. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 125-32.

A method for the synthesis of tyrosine, phenyl alanine, hydroxy proline and threonine free amino acid analogues of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine is proposed. 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine was prepared by known method. The key intermediate 3-chloro-l-(5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-yl)propan-l-one was obtained by N-acylation of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine with 3-chloro propionyl chloride. Further coupling of respective free amino acid to produce 2-(3-(5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-yl)-3-oxopropylamino)3-(4 hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, 2-(3-(5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-yl)-3-oxopropylamino )-3-phenyl propanoicacid,l-(3 -(5H -di benz[ b,f] azepine- 5-yl)- 3 -0 xopropyl)-3-hydroxypyrolidine-2-carbo xylic acid and 2-(3-(5H-dibenz[b,f] azepine-yl)-3-oxopropyl amino)-3-hydroxy butanoic acid. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential over 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid (AA) were used as the reference antioxidant compounds and also the comparative study with synthesized compounds was done. Under our experimental conditions tyrosine, hydroxy proline and threonine analogues possess a direct scavenging effect on trapping the stable free radical DPPH. Hydroxy proline analogues showed a significant radical scavenging activity among the synthesized analogues.

1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

008990   Vadamalar R;Mani P;Balakrishnan R;Arumugam V (Physics Dep, Marudhar Kesari Jain College, Vaniyambadi, Tamil Nadu, Email: vadamalarvnb@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of excess free volume and internal pressure in binary mixatures of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with alcohols. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 261-9.

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an important monomer attracting the attention of industrialists and scientists because of its various applications and reactivity. The knowledge of thermodynamic and transport properties of MMA in alcohols and other organic solvents is useful in industrial processes. Ultrasonic and viscometric parameters offer simple, easy and accurate ways for calculating several physical parameters which throw light on molecular interactions in solutions. Interactions of two alcohols; tert-butanol and isoªbutanol with MMA are reported for the first time in the paper. Comparison has been made on the interactive nature of the two alcohols. Computation of free volume, internal pressure and excess free volume has been made for the entire concentration range. Existence of mesomeric effects of MMA is clearly seen and the role of structure of alcohols is observed.

5 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

008989   Temghare G A;Shetye S S;Joshi S S (NO, K. J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, Vidyavihar (East), Mumbai-400 077, Email: gayatrit23@rediffmail.com) : Rapid and sensitive method for quantitative determination of lopinavir and ritonavir in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass specrtometry. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 223-30.

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LCªMS-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of lopinavir and ritonavir in human plasma using abacavir as internal standard has been developed and validated. Sample preparation of plasma involved solid phase extraction. Detection was performed using an Applied Biosystems Sciex API 2000 Mass spectrometer. The assay of lopinavir and ritonavir was linear over the range of 50 ng mL^-1 to 20000 ng mL^-1 and 20 ng mL^-1 to 3000 ng mL^-1 respectively with a precision of < 15% and accuracy in the range of 85-115%. The limit of quantification in plasma for lopinavir and ritonavir was 50 ng mL^-1 and 20 ng mL^-1 respectively. The described method has the advantage of being rapid and easy and it could be applied in therapeutic monitoring of these drugs in human plasma.

6 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

008988   Sundari V;Nagarajan G;Gurumurthy S;Valliappan R (Chemistry Div, Faculty of Engineering ant Technology, , Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: nagarajangavi@608-002) : Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of 3, 5-diaryltetrahydro-N-[(phenylamino) methyl]-1,4-thiazine-1,1-dioxide . E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 177-82.

Synthesis of 3,5-diaryltetrahydro-N- [(4' -nitroanilino)methyl-thiazine-1,1-dioxide and N-[ (4' - meth ylanilino )methyl-]-l ,4-thiazine-1,1-dioxides by condensing 3,5-diaryl-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazine-1,1-dioxide with formaldehyde and 4-nitroaniline/4-methylaniline in the presence of hydrochloric acid is reported. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by elemental and spectral analysis. The preliminary screening of the compounds for their biological activities gives significant results.

1 table, 30 ref

008987   Singh P;Das S;Dhakarey R (Chemistry Dep, Institute of Basic Science, Dr. B.R.A. University, Agra-282 005, Email: prashantsingh-11@rediffmail.com) : Bioinorganic relevance of some cobalt(II) complexes with thiophene-2-glyoxal derived schiff bases. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 99-105.

Complexes of Co (II) with two new Schiff bases TEAB [2-hydroxy-4{[2-oxo-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene]amino} benzoic acid] and TEPC [N-[2-oxoª2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene]pyridine-3-carboxamide] have been synthesized and characterized with the help of elemental analysis, magnetic, mass, ^lH-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, IR and electronic spectral data. IR spectra manifest the coordination of the ligand to the metal ion through the carbonyl oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thienyl sulphur atoms. With the help of electronic spectral data various ligand field parameters were also calculated. All these studies reveal the distorted octahedral Co (II) complexes. Synthesized compounds have also been screened against some micro organisms viz, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus with the help of 'filter paper disc' technique. It has been observed that the antimicrobial activities of metal complexes are higher than that of the free ligand.

4 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

008986   Shrikhande Janhavi J (Chemistry Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.M. Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: janhavi.shrikhande@gmail.com) : p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid: a bronsted acid-surfactant-combined catalyst. Res J Chem Envir 2007, 11(4), 82-3.

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), an anionic surfactant, can act as a combined Br0nsted acid-surfactant-catalyst (BASC). It performs the dual role of both, an acid catalyst to activate the substrate molecules and a surfactant to increase the concentration of organic reactants by forming micellar aggregates in water.

12 ref

008985   Sharma D K;Srivastava S N (Chemistry Dep, Institute of Applied Sciences, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Viscosity of multicomponent liquid systems predictions from ternary data and satistical method. Asian J expl Chem 2008, 3(1-2), 55-7.

Theoretical prediction of viscosity of three ternary systems namely n- pentane + n- hexane + benzene, n- hexane + cyclohexane + benzene, and n- cyclohexane + n- heptane + toluene have been made on the basis of empirical, semi empirical and statistical mechanical theories using the properties of pure components. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental measured value at 298.15 K. Results are in good agreement.

1 table, 13 ref

008984   Sarda S R;Maslekar U S;Jadhav W N;Pawar R P (Chemistry Dep, J.E.S. College, Jalna-431 203, Email: rppawar@yahoo.com) : Microwave assisted synthesis of 2,4-diphenyl-4H-chromen-5-one using ZnCl₂/montmorillonite K-10. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 151-5.

Alpha, beta-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds and I, 3-cyclohexanedione under microwave irradiation in the presence ZnCl₂/montrnorillonite K-1O offers the corresponding 2,4-diphenyl-4H-chromen-5-one in excellent yield. Catalyst is recycled and reused for several times.

3 tables, 14 ref

008983   Saifuddin N;Wong C W;Nur Yasumira A A (Chemistry Unit, Engineering Sciences Dep, College of Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43900 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: saifuddin@uniten.edu.my) : Rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using culture supernatant of bacteria with microowave irradiation. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 61-70.

The development of rapid and reliable processes for the synthesis of nanosizeda materials is of great importance in the field of nanotechnology. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using microorganism have been reported, but the process is rather slow. Paper, we describes a novel combinatorial synthesis approach which is rapid, simple and "green" for the synthesis of metallic nanostructures of noble metals such as silver (Ag), by using a combination of culture supernatanant of Bacillus subtilis and microwave (MW) irradiation in water in absence of a surfactant or soft template. It was found that exposure of culture supernatanant of Bacillus subtilis and microwave irradiation to silver ion lead to the formation of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles were in the range of 5-60 nm in dimension. The nanoparticles were examined using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses. The formation of nanoparticles by this method is extremely rapid, requires no toxic chemicals and the nanoparticles are stable for several months. The main conclusion is that the bio-reduction method to produce nanoparticles is a good alternative to the electrochemical methods.

5 illus, 31 ref

008982   Ranjan Roy D;Duley S;Chattaraj P K (Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: pkc@chem.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Bonding, reactivity and aromaticity in some novel all-metal metallocenes. Proc Indian Acad Sci 2008, 74(1), 11-18.

Two π-bonded aromatic systems, Mg₃^2- and Be₃^2- and their couple of sandwich complexes are geometry optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G[d] level of theory. Nature of bonding and possible aromaticity in those systems are analyzed in terms of different conceptual density functional theory based reactivity descriptors as well as the nucleus independent chemical shift. As shown before for the Be cluster, the other dianion can as well stabilize a direct Zn-Zn bond.

5 illus, 4 tables, 89 ref

008981   Raman N;Jesintha E;Joseph J;Rajasekaran K (Research Dep of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar-626 001, Email: drn_raman@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and spectral characterization of biologically important oxovanadium(IV) and manganese(II) schiff base complexes. Asian J Spectrosc 2008, 12(2-3), 99-105.

New complexes of VO(IV) and Mn(II) with the Schiff base derived from anthranilic acid and acetoacetanilide have been synthesized. Microanalytical data, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, UV-Vis., ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, ESR and mass spectral techniques were used to characterize the synthesized complexes. Mn(II) and VO(IV) complexes exhibit octahedral and square-pyramidal geometry respectively. The low electrical conductance of Mn(II) complex supports the neutral nature and high conductance of VO(IV) complex indicates its electrolytic nature. Monomeric nature of the complexes is assessed from their magnetic susceptibility values. The analytical data show that the metal to ligand ratio is 1:2.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

008980   Patel K V;Singh A (Chemistry Dep, Govt. Geetanjali P.G. Girls College, Bhopal, Email: kammo31@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, characterization and chelating properties of benzimidazole-salicylic acid combined molecule. E J Chem 2009, 6(1), 281-8.

Aminomethylation (i.e. Mannich reaction) of benzimidazole was carried out by treating benzimidalzole with formaldehyde and 4-aminosalicylic acid. The resultant compound was designated as 1-(4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl aminomethyl) benzimidazole (BI-SA). The transition metal complexes of Cu>^>2+, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ of BI-SA have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies, magnetic moment determination, molar conductivity measurement and microbicidal activity.

3 tables, 19 ref