006461   MATHIAS T, ASEGBELOYIN J N, OYEKA E E, OJI E O, AKPOMIE K G (Pure and Industrial Chemistry Dep, Nigeria Univ, Enugu, Nigeria, Email: kovoakpmusic@yahoo.com) : Chromatographic analysis of ethanol extract of Funtumia elastica leaves and stem bark and their antimicrobial activity. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2019, 16(4), 843-52.

The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity based on chromatographic analysis of ethanolic extract of Funtumia elastica leaves and stem bark. Funtumia elastica leaf and stem bark samples were air dried, grinded and extracted in ethanol by soxhlet extraction. The defatted ethanol extract was partitioned in dilute sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and chloroform to obtain basic, neutral and acidic metabolites. The phytochemical test on the defatted crude extract of Funtumia elastica leaf and stem bark show the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terponoids, anthraquinone, phenolics and steroids. The crude extract, basic, neutral and acidic metabolites, and the fractions obtained by thin layer chromatography were screened for their antimicrobial activity at concentration of 100mg/ ml against Streptococcus pneumoniae(sp), Staphylococcus aureus(sa), Salmonella typhi(st), Escherichia coli(ec) and Candida albicans(ca). The results show that the crude extract of stem with inhibition zone diameter(mm) of 22, 18, 20, 22 and 20 against (sp), (sa), (st), (ec) and (ca) respectively had better antimicrobial activity than the crude extract of leaf with inhibition zone diameter(mm) of 16,10,16,14 and 12 against (sp), (sa), (st), (ec) and (ca) respectively. Also the TLC fractions exhibited lower antimicrobial activity when compared to that of the basic metabolites. The fractions obtained by thin layer chromatography which showed promising antimicrobial activity were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The GC/MS spectra revealed thirty-nine peaks from which thirty nine compounds were identified. The identified compounds were mainly carboxylic acids and esters. The results of antimicrobial screening show that the crude extracts of the stem bark with inhibition zone diameter (mm) of 22, 18, 20, 22 and 20 were comparable to the standard drugs ciprofloxacin with inhibition zone diameter (mm) of 18, 20, 20, and 15 and gentamycin with inhibition zone diameter (mm) of 10, 20, 15, 12, and 18.

4 illus, 9 tables, 12 ref

006517   YILDIZ A, GÜR T, ALPER S (Chemistry Dep, Yüzüncü Yil Univ, Turkey, Europe, Email: adnanyildiz@yahoo.com) : A study on removing of some organic and inorganic substances using the tutmaç clay via adsorption method. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2019, 16(4), 805-10.

In this investigation, the removing of some substances via adsorption onto tutmaç clay were performed in aqueous and organic solutions using batch system. It was aimed to remove the inorganic ions Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ (Excess of; Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions make water hard and cause to serious healt problems) organic substance cholest (its removing is important as by means of health and cosmetically) from the solution by adsorption method using the active surfaces of Tutmac clay was charactized by XRD. The amount of the substances adsorbed on the clay surface in the solutions were analyzed using AAS and UV spectroscopic methods. The experimental data have indicated that Tutmaç clay is good adsorbent and physical adsorption methot is quite suitable for the removing of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and cholesterol from solutions. The adsorption data determined from experimental results best fitted Langmuir Isotherms. The obtained results also confirmed that the applicability of Tutmaç clay is an efficient supporter material for removing contaminations of inorganic and organic substances. And Tutmaç clay material can be used as a very effective adsorbent in removing of pollutants from organic and aqueous solutions.

6 illus, 24 ref

006489   RAMUDU D B J, SUBRAMANYAM C H, NAYABRASOOL S K, SEENIVASAMURTHY P, NAGALAKSHMIDEVAMMA M, VENKATARAMAIAH C H, RAJENDRA W, RAJU C N, CHALAPATHI P V (Chemistry Dep, Sri Venkateswara Arts Coll, Tirupati- 517 502, Email: pvchalapathisumathi@gmail.com) : Synthesis, spectral characterization and bioactivity evaluation of sulfonamide derivatives of p-nitrobenzene sulfonylchloride. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(12), 1375-83.

A simple and convenient method for the synthesis of biologically active sulfonamide derivatives of p-nitrobenzene sulfonylchloride has been achieved. All the title compounds have been characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. They have been further screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. All the compounds show good to moderate activity against both bacteria and fungi when compared with standard bactericide, Streptomycin and fungicide, Nystatin.

1 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

006502   SURYAWANSHI M, GUJAR V, OTTOOR D, BOBADE V (Chemistry Dep, H P T Arts & R Y K Science Coll, Nashik- 422 005, Email: v_bobade31@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of novel thiazole substituted pyridine derivatives. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(12), 1361-74.

Three series of isomeric 2-pyridyl 4-aryl thiazoles have been synthesized by reacting 2/3/4-pyridine thioamides derived from the corresponding nitriles with various 4-substituted phenacyl bromides using Hantzsch thiazole synthesis. Amongst the three isomeric series, 2-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl isomers are found to exhibit better photophysical properties than 3-pyridyl series. 4-Pyridyl isomer with methoxy substituent on phenyl ring is found to exhibit high luminescence quantum yield. The relationship between the structure and the photophysical properties have been studied using DFT calculations.

6 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

006421   CHITHRA V S, ABBS FEN REJI T F (Chemistry Dep, Nesamony Memorial Christian Coll, Kanyakumari- 629 165, Email: chithramerle@gmail.com) : Synthesis and antioxidant activity of novel benzimidazolyl thiazole derivatives complemented by DFT studies. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(11), 1279-83.

A series of thiazole derivatives containing benzimidazole moiety have been synthesized and their structures confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. The newly synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity. The compounds 3b, 3d and 3c posses much higher radical scavenging activity than the well known antioxidant BHA. The antioxidant activity is further confirmed using theoretical parameters calculated using DFT method with 6-31G basis set. The correlation of the experimental results with calculated quantum chemical parameters indicate that all the newly synthesized compounds have good scavenging capacity.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

006459   MANOUCHEHRIZADEH E, MOSTOUFI A, TAHANPESAR E, FEREIDOONNEZHAD M (Chemistry Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Ahvaz, Iran, Email: mostoufi-a@ajums.ac.ir) : Design, synthesis, molecular docking and cytotoxic activity evaluations of novel piperidine and piperazine derivatives of dichloroacetate as potential anticancer agents. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(11), 1273-8.

Dichloroacetate (DCA) as a small and active anticancer agent through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs), prevents proliferation of tumor growth. In this research, a series of novel piperidine and piperazine derivatives of DCA have been designed and subjected to molecular docking studies. Based on the docking results, nine compounds with the lowest binding energy and better interaction with PDKs isoenzymes have been selected and synthesized. The cytotoxic activities of the synthesized compounds have been evaluated against HT-29 and MCF7 human cancer cell lines. These compounds show moderate potencies with much higher anticancer activity than DCA. The most active of the series, f1, showed IC₅₀ value of 7.79 µM against HT-29 cell line.

1 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

006488   RAMANJANEYULU K, BINDU J H, BABU R R, PRASAD Y R, NAAZ T U, RANJANI P H, GOUTHAMI P N S (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, Narsapur- 502 313, Email: ramanjaneyulu.k@viper.ac.in) : Design, synthesis and characterization of novel paracetamol derivatives to target breast cancer. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(11), 1257-72.

Most breast cancers are Estrogen Receptor-positive type. In the mammary epithelial, estrogen controls many cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation and migration. There are two genetically distinct and functional estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors for steroid/thyroid harmones. Estrogenexert its functions in different tissues by binding with its receptors, including alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ). Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) controls breast tissue development and progression of breast cancer. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used medicines. A recent experimental study suggests that paracetamol may have several pharmacological effects other than its well known analgesic/antipyretic properties. The docking study was performed on different paracetamol derivatives using Schrodinger 2015 (maestro 10.1) on Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand-Binding Domain (1XP6) and Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (3NLE). The in silico studies indicate that N-(4-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl) acetamide derivatives exhibit comparable docking score and good hydrogen bond interactions at Ligand binding domain of ERα and 3NLE. Based on the docking studies, a new series of N-(4-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl) acetamide derivatives have been synthesized by employing click chemistry approach. Nine compounds have been evaluated for their cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell line and anti oxidant activity. Many of the synthesized compounds exhibit potent cytotoxic and anti oxidant activity. In particular 5c, 5g, and 5b compounds show most potent cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ value of 19.83, 20.57, 20.83 µg/mL respectively and 5e and 5f show most potent anti oxidant activity with IC₅₀ value of 0.4, 0.5 µg/mL respectively.

7 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

006448   KUMAR K M, KOTRESH O, AMBEKAR S P, SHIRAHATTI A M, MAHABALESHWARAIAH N M, MASUKU C M (Chemistry Dep, Karnatak Science Coll, Dharwad- 580 001, Email: mahesha.001@gmail.com) : Synthesis of 4-{[(4̍-methyl-coumarin-7̍-yl)amino]methyl}-coumarin derivatives. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(11), 1252-6.

An efficient and simple method has been developed for the synthesis of 4-arylaminomethyl coumarins by the condensation of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to 4-bromomethylcoumarins. The advantages of this procedure are mild reaction conditions, high yields of products, and operational simplicity.

1 table, 32 ref

006449   KUMAR K M, SHIRAHATTI A M, AMBEKAR S P, SOUMYA K, KOTRESH O, MASUKU C M (Chemistry and Biotechnology Dep, Karnatak Science Coll, Dharwad- 580 003, Email: mahesha.001@gmail.com) : Conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis of coumarin-3-yl-2-oxoethyl carbamodithioates and their DNA cleavage studies. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(11), 1245-51.

In situ one pot synthesis of coumarin based dithiocarbamates have been studied under conventional and microwave methods. Syntheses of coumarin based dithiocarbamates have been optimized using NaOH, K₃PO₄ as a base in conventional method whereas K₃PO₄ has given good yields in less time. The syntheses of dithiocarbamates have been carried out under microwave conditions using K₃PO₄ as base. The generality of microwave method has been demonstrated by synthesizing a variety of substituents in excellent yields, having short reaction time with good purity compared to those under classical conditions. All the products have been characterized by their IR, GC-MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data. Except 2h, 2k, 2l, all these compounds have complete DNA cleavage activity.

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

006453   KUMAR S (Chemistry Dep, Iswar Saran PG Coll, Allahabad- 211 004, Email: sanjivks77@gmail.com) : Platinum anode assisted oxidative acetoxylation and pyridination of polynuclear aromatics naphthalene and anthracene. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(11), 1239-44.

Platinum anode assisted oxidation of naphthalene and anthracene has been carried out at controlled potential for the investigation of a new ecofriendly synthetic method for the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons using acetic acid and acetonitrile as solvent. The reaction is an example of anodic oxidative substitution and addition in polynuclear aromatics. Controlled potential electrolysis was carried out at platinum plates of dimensions 1.0 cm × 0.5 cm as working as well as counter electrode. Various parameters of the reaction with yield are reported here.

1 table, 18 ref

006477   PATEL H A, PATEL A L, BEDEKAR A V (Chemistry Dep, The Maharaja Sayajirao Univ of Baroda, Vadodara- 390 002, Email: avbedekar@yahoo.co.in) : Celite-polyaniline supported palladium as catalyst for one-pot Suzuki-aldol-O-alkylation reaction. Indian J Chem- Sec B 2019, 58B(11), 1233-8.

Palladium is anchored on the heterogenized PANI on celite. It is characterized and used as catalyst for one-pot reactions to synthesize derivatives of chalcones. The heterogeneous catalyst has been used for one-pot Suzuki-aldol-O-alkylation reactions with good conversions.

1 illus, 12 ref

006456   MAHMOUD W H, DEGHADI R G, MOHAMED G G (Chemistry Dep, Cairo Univ, Giza- 12613, Email: reemgd90@yahoo.com) : Preparation, structural characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, DFT and molecular docking studies of a nano ferrocenyl Schiff base and its metal complexes. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(12), 1319-37.

An organometallic Schiff base (2-(1-((4-aminopyridin-3-yl)imino)ethyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl) (cyclopenta-2,4-dien1-yl)iron (L) and eight transition metal complexes have been prepared by reacting 3,4-diaminopyridine with 2-acetylferrocene in 1:1 molar ratio for ligand formation and by reacting Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) chlorides with ligand in 1:1 molar ratio for complexes formation. All prepared compounds have been characterized by using elemental analysis (C, H, N, M), molar conductance, IR, UV-Vis, ¹ H-NMR, SEM and mass spectral analysis. Also, their TG and DTG behaviors have been studied. All complexes have an octahedral structure. The ligand coordinated to the metal ions through the nitrogen atoms of azomethine and amino groups. In addition, computational studies of the synthesized Schiff base ligand have been carried out by the DFT/B3LYP method. The antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its metal complexes have been studied by using different bacterial species [Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium] and fungal species included [Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans]. Moreover, the prepared compounds have been evaluated for anticancer activities against breast cancer (MCF-7) and normal melanocytes (HFB-4) cell lines. Docking studies have been used to determine the probable binding mode between the ligand and its Cd(II) complex with the active site of 3HB5, 2HQ6 and 1GS4 receptors.

11 illus, 6 tables, 69 ref

006446   KHODAEI M M, ALIZADEH A, GHANBARI P (Organic Chemistry Dep, Razi Univ, Kermanshah- 67149-67346, Email: mmkhoda@razi.ac.ir) : Theoretical study of structural effects on reactivity and stability of isomeric pyrano-, thiopyrano- and selenopyranopyrroles. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(12), 1311-8.

In this study we have calculated global and local DFT reactivity descriptors for isomeric pyrano-, thiopyrano- and selenopyranopyrroles. The geometric optimization of the obtained structures have been realized with the density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP) at the level of 6-311G(d,p) and show these isomers have planar configurations. The structural properties such as dipole moments, bond lengths and bond angles of these isomers have been calculated. The heats of formation have also been calculated based on the optimized geometry. The energies of HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals have been used to determine several global descriptors as a measure of their electronic properties, relative stabilities and chemical reactivities. These include total energy (E), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (S), electronic chemical potentials (μ) and electrophilicity (ω). Selenopyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole possesses the highest electrophilicity and minimum chemical hardness among the calculated isomeric structures. The largest calculated dipole moment belongs to pyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole, while thiopyrano[3,4-b]pyrrole has the lowest.

6 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

006516   YANG Z, SUN S, LIU Y, LIU X, ZHAO S, ZHANG Z, CHEN X, YANG Z, JIA X (Xi'an Univ of Science and Technology, Xi'an- 710 054, Email: yzwxk@foxmail.com) : Crystal structure, thermal analyses, and acetate binding properties in Zinc(II) complex of a urea-functionalized pyridyl ligand. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(12), 1302-10.

A zinc(II) acetate complex with a urea-functionalized pyridyl ligand, [ZnL₂ (OAc)₂ ]·2H₂O (1) (L = N-(4-chlorophenyl)- N'-(4-pyridyl)urea), has been synthesized by the reaction of L with Zn(OAc)₂ ·2H₂O under water-containing condition. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses reveal that 2-D sheetlike network structure has been formed by the urea N−H$··$$·$Npyridyl interactions and C–H···O interactions in the free ligand L. Complex 1 features 3-D hydrogen bonded network formed by intermolecular N−H···O hydrogen bonds and O−H$·$$··$O hydrogen bonds involving urea groups, acetate anions and bridged water molecules. The hydrogen bonds play an important role in stabilizing the supramolecular structures. Thermal gravity analyses have been used to investigate the thermal stabilities of L and 1, and the apparent activation energy (E_a ) of the decompositions have also been calculated, and the results indicate that the main decomposition of L needs higher apparent activation energy values E_a than that of 1. The acetate binding properties of L in solution have also been evaluated by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. CCDC: 1506202, L; 1506203, 1.

12 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

006515   YADAVA M K, LAL B, SINGH N K (Chemistry Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow- 226 007, Email: nksbhu@yahoo.com) : Electrocatalytic properties of La_1-xCu_xCoO₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) film electrodes for oxygen evolution in alkaline medium: Part II. A comparative study. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(12), 1295-1301.

The present study is concerned with the preparation of perovskite-type oxide film electrodes of La, Cu and Co having composition La1-xCuxCoO3 (0 ≤ X ≤ 0.8) on Ni conducting support and study of their electrocatalytic properties towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. Materials have been synthesized by using malic acid sol-gel route at pH 4.00. X-ray diffraction study of the material indicated the formation of almost pure perovskite phase with hexagonal crystal geometry. The electrocatalytic activity of the material has been determined in three electrode single compartment glass cell. Techniques used in the electrochemical studies are cyclic voltammetry (CV), oxide roughness factor and anodic polarization (Tafel plot). Each cyclic voltammogram exhibits an anodic and a corresponding cathodic peak prior to the oxygen evolution reaction. The observed anodic and cathodic peak potential values are 553$\pm$31 and 312$\pm$27 mV, respectively. The study of anodic polarization curve indicates that the oxide with 0.6 mol Cu-substitution (ja = 182.4 mA cm^-2 at 750 mV) shows highest electrocatalytic activity with lowest Tafel slope value (b = 65 mV decade^-1) towards OER. Thermodynamic properties of the material have also been investigated by recording the anodic polarization curve at different temperatures. The value of electrochemical activation energy has been found to be lowest with most active 0.6 mol Cu-substituted oxide material. Electrocatalytic activities of the oxide electrodes, so obtained, have been compared with the similar oxide prepared at 3.75 pH.

8 illus, 4 tables, 43 ref

006413   BARMERA S, SHARMA P (Chemistry Dep, J N V Univ, Jodhpur- 342 003, Email: ssdreams.111@gmail.com) : Optimization of manganese determination by voltammetry in presence of chromium and nickel. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(11), 1211-3.

The optimum conditions for the determination of manganese at low concentrations have been developed employing differential pulse polarography. The limit of quantification of 1.04 µg mL^–1 has been achieved. The possible interference of coexisting metal ions has been examined and ruled out. The method has been successfully applied for the analysis of manganese in industrial waste samples.

3 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

006430   DURGABHAVANIA M, KAVITHAA C , NARENDRAB K, SRILAKSHMIA M, RATNAKAR A (Chemistry Dep, V. R. Siddhartha Engineering Coll, Vijayawada- 520 007, Email: mopidevi1986@gmail.com) : Volumetric properties of binary mixtures of cyclohexane with 2-ethoxyethanol at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(11), 1206-10.

The excess molar volumes (V_m^E) for binary liquid mixtures of cyclohexane+2-ethoxyethanol have been calculated from the experimental values of density and ultrasonic velocity at temperatures 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the entire composition range. The results have been used to estimate the partial molar volumes _m,i of the components. The excess values have been fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The changes of V_m^E and   with composition and temperature have been discussed with reference to the nature of interactions between the component molecules.

3 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

006499   SHARMA S, SWAMI A, PATEL P (Chemistry Dep, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat Univ, Patan- 384 265, Email: smridhee2000@yahoo.co.in) : Volumetric, acoustical and computational study on molecular interactions in binary mixtures of ricinoleic acid with some halobenzenes. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(11), 1194-1205.

Densities (ρ) and speed of sound (u) of binary liquid mixtures of Ricinoleic acid with some halobenzenes at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been reported over the entire composition range. From the experimentally measured density (ρ), excess molar volumes (V), have been calculated. Deviation of the speeds of sound (u), isentropic compressibility (k_s), deviation in isentropic compressibility (k_s), deviation in acoustic impedance (z) and intermolecular free length (L_f) have been calculated using experimentally measured speed of sound,(u). Various theoretical speeds of sound and average deviations have been calculated using well established equations like Nomoto (U_nmt) Ideal Mixing Rule (U_imr), Junji (U_junji) and Jacobson’s Free Length Theory, (U_flt). To derive fitting coefficients, (A_i) with standard deviation, (σ), excess properties have been fitted with the Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation. The variation of these properties with composition and temperature has been discussed in terms of molecular interaction on mixing and their interacting abilities. Observations reveal that there have been strong interactions between components. Strength of interactions between components has been described with theoretical computational calculations.

6 illus, 2 tables, 49 ref

006479   PATIL D V, PATIL V S (Chemistry Dep, Krishna Mahavidyalaya, Rethare BK- 415 108, Email: dtp.phy@gmail.com) : A novel FRET probe for determination of fluorescein sodium in aqueous solution: Analytical application for ophthalmic sample. Indian J Chem- Sec A 2019, 58A(11), 1187-93.

Fluorescent pyrene nanoparticles (PyNPs) have been prepared by a reprecipitation method in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as a stabilizer. The formation of PyNPs has been confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and excited state lifetime measurements. DLS results of PyNPs shows a narrow size distribution with average particle size of 77.4 nm and negative zeta potential. The systematic FRET experiments performed by measuring fluorescence quenching of PyNPs with successive addition of FL-Na analyte exploited the use of PyNPs as nanoprobe for detection of FL-Na in aqueous solution. The fluorescence of PyNPs has been quenched by Fl-Na and quenching has been in accordance with the Stern-Volmer relation. The distance r between the donor (PyNPs) and acceptor (FL-Na) molecules has been obtained according to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The fluorescence quenching results have been used further to develop an analytical method for estimation of fluorescein sodium from ophthalmic samples available commercially in the market.

12 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

006476   PARKASH J, JYOTSNA (I.K.Gujral PunjabTechnical Univ, Kapurthala, Punjab, Email: ranajyotiparkash@gmail.com) : A review on biological applications of ONO, ONN, ONNO type schiff base ligands and their metal complexes. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 24-31.

Schiff base ligands are generally prepared by the condensation reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with primary amines. These compounds are also called imine or azomethines. These ligands can contain both hard and soft electron donor and some rigid and flexible parts in their structure. These legends’ having high tendency to coordinate with transition metals to form large number of stable complexes. Transition metal complexes derived from Schiff base ligands with their biological activities have been widely studied. This review summarizes the importance of ONO, ONN, ONNO Schiff base and their metal complexes in biological fields. Methods of preparations of tridentate and tetradentate Schiff base ligands are also described briefly.

3 illus, 54 ref

006438   HARIYADI D M, HENDRADI E (Pharmaceutics Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya- 60115, Email: dewi-m-h@ff.unair.ac.id) : Effect of polymer concentration on micromeritics, kinetics, and activity of ciprofloxacin HCL-alginate microspheres. Asian J Pharmaceut 2019, 13(4), 349-55.

This research was to design a sustain release system for ciprofloxacin HCl for inhalation delivery. Ciprofloxacin HCl was encapsulated with alginate polymer by aerosolization ionotropic gelation. Ciprofloxacin HCl-alginate microspheres formula consisted of 0.5–1.35% alginate polymer. Micromeritic properties, invitro release, and kinetics of the formulations were characterized. Micromeritics properties were studied in terms of bulk and tapped density, Carr index, and Hausner ratio. Invitro drug release was studied in phosphate-buffered saline media pH 7.2 for 12 h. This research also studied the activity of ciprofloxacin HCl-alginate microspheres. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using in vitro diffusion technique using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 bacteria.  Release mechanism followed Higuchi model kinetics. The obtained freeze-dried microspheres showed good flow properties. From all formulas against S.aureus ATCC 25923, it was indicated that activity of all formula microspheres had higher activity compared to ciprofloxacin HCl and more stable. However, for formula against P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853, results showed that ciprofloxacin HCl was only effective at above 0.75% of alginate polymer. Furthermore, the encapsulation process and pH exposure did not affect in activity of ciprofloxacin HCl. These concluded that ciprofloxacin HCl-alginate microspheres were stable and potential for antibacterial activity.

1 illus, 10 tables, 24 ref

006510   VERMA H, GARG R (Research, Innovation and Consultancy Div, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical Univ, Kapurthala, Punjab, Email: rnd@overseashealthcare.co.in) : Simultaneous estimation of menaquinone-7 and cholecalciferol in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Asian J Pharmaceut 2019, 13(4), 305-12.

Simple, precise, easy, and accurate spectrophotometric methods are ideal for regular quality control purpose. Menaquinone – 7 (MK-7) and cholecalciferol (CHOL) are two vitamins which work in synergy to elicit pharmacological responses in body. Inspite of multiple available brands of these two vitamins in market, to the best of our knowledge, there is no spectrophotometric method available for simultaneous quantification of these two vitamins. Therefore, an attempt was made in present research to develop two simple, precise, rapid, accurate, and economical spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of MK-7 and CHOL in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms.  Method I was based on dual-wavelength method while Method II was based on Q-absorbance ratio method. Validation of developed methods was done as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and developed methods were applied for the determination of MK-7 and CHOL in laboratory prepared admixtures as well as in-house formulated dosage form. Beer’s law was obeyed over concentration range of 5–35 μg/mL for both MK-7 and CHOL (values of correlation coefficient were close to 1). Developed methods are accurate, reproducible, precise, and robust for determination of these two vitamins (percent recoveries lies within range of 98–102 % while associated relative standard deviation was <2 %). Developed methods can be used for quantification of MK-7 and CHOL in pharmaceutical dosage forms during regular quality control analysis.

4 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

006427   DESNITA R, HICHMAH H N, LULIANA S (Pharmacy Dep, Tanjungpura Univ, Pontianak, Indonesia, Email: hnurhichmah@gmail.com) : Effect of surfactant concentration on the entrapment efficiency niosomes aqueous extract of Cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Asian J Pharmaceut 2019, 13(4), 276-81.

Aqueous extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has a high rutin content. Rutin has benefits as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiabetic. The plant extract has low bioavailability and has a large molecular weight. Therefore, a carrier system like niosomes is required to allow aqueous leaves extract of cassava through to absorb in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variation concentration of Span 40 that can trap aqueous extract of cassava leaves in niosomes optimally. Niosomes were done by thin-layer hydration method with concentration of Span 40 which was varied into three formulas: Formula A (100 μmol), Formula B (150 μmol), and Formula C (200 μmol). The data analysis using SPSS analyzed by one-way ANOVA.  The rutin contained in cassava leaves of this research is 42.52 %. Entrapment efficiency test used dialysis membrane method and the result showed that the increased concentration of Span 40 is used; the entrapment efficiency is also increasing. The result of SPSS test using one-wayANOVA of three formulas did not show significant difference (P > 0.05).  Optimum concentration of Span 40 in trapping aqueous extract of cassava leaves is Formula A (100 μmol) which was 95.9 %.

3 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

006410   ARSHAD S E, AMIN Z, PUAH P Y, SARJADI M S , MUSTA B, RAHMAN M L (Malaysia Sabah Univ, Sabah, Malaysia, Email: sazmal@ums.edu.my) : Synthesis of silica gel supported amidoxime ligand for adsorption of copper and iron from aqueous media. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 3035-40.

Organic-inorganic hybrid polymers have been demonstrated to be an efficient technique for the adsorption of pollutants present in water. Silica gel adsorbent has been applied in this field due to promising characters, such as thermally stable, reusability and high metal ion adsorption capacities. Here, silica gel supported acrylonitrile functional group (silica-APTS-DPN) was reacted with hydroxylamine to yield silica gel supported amidoxime ligand (SBA). All the functionalized silica gel adsorbents were characterized by FTIR. In terms of metal ions adsorption, SBA revealed good absorption capacities towards both copper (Cu²⁺) (172 mg g^-1) and iron (Fe³⁺) (168 mg g^-1) ions at pH 6 and followed the order of Cu²⁺ > Fe³⁺. Increased pH condition was beneficial for both metal ions adsorption. The adsorption kinetics of both ions followed the pseudo-first-order model within 0-60 min of adsorption time. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were both applied to study the adsorption behaviour, Freundlich isotherm model (R² > 0.99) proved to be a better fit, which propose that multilayer adsorption occurred on the silica gel grafted with amidoxime ligand. Finally, this study proved that the silica gel supported amidoxime ligand was successfully applied as an absorbent for the removal of both copper and iron from aqueous media.

4 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

006468   MUNYENGABE A, ZVINOWANDA C (Chemical Sciences Dep, Johannesburg Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa, Email: czvinowanda@uj.ac.za) : Synthesis and chemical stability studies of Sodium ferrate(VI) solution. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 3029-34.

Sodium ferrate solution was prepared by the wet oxidation process using liquid FeCl₃ with NaOCl in a strong alkaline solution. The reference and the product were characterized using UV-visible, XRD and FTIR. The maximum concentration of Na₂FeO₄(VI) solution was 12.4 g/L (as FeO₄ ^2-). Its stability was studied by recording the absorbances of several ferrate solutions at 505 nm on daily basis for a period of one month. The average rates at pH 12 were 3.19 × 10^-11 M s^-1 for K₂FeO₄ and 1.09 × 10^-11 M s^-1 for Na₂FeO₄. These average rates of degradation indicate that ferrate can last longer without conserving the ferrate solutions using different buffer solutions or phosphates. The peaks obtained around 700, 769 and 879 cm^-1 using FTIR confirmed the presence of Fe-O bond in the crystals, which is Na₂FeO₄ (VI). XRD patterns showed an isomorphism between the diffractograms of Na₂FeO₄ and K₂FeO₄.

9 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

006505   TERENZHEV D, SHARONOVA N, ERMAKOVA A, GUMEROVA S, BUSHMELEVA K, SHUMATBAEV G, FITSEV I, PONOMAREVA A S (Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center, Kazan- 420 111, Email: sharonovanl1979@gmail.com) : Chemical and biological characteristics of ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. flowers: Composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 3012-6.

Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae) has a wide spectrum of biological reactivity, widely used in herbal medicine and has the potential for use in the agricultural sector. The ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration of freshly harvested flowers, followed by filtration of the extract and concentration with the help of a rotary evaporator. The chemical composition of ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. was studied with the help of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. It was found that the ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. had antimicrobial reactivity against human pathogens and phytopathogens (bacteria and fungi). The values of the minimal inhibiting, bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations varied in the range of 2500-5000 µg/mL. The phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria solani St108 was the most sensitive to the components of ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. Moderate antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. at concentrations of 0.001 mg/mL and higher were revealed with the help of chemiluminescence analysis.

1 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

006519   ZHANG L, CHENG S, HU H, XU D (Changzhou Univ, Changzhou- 213 164, Email: hanghu@cczu.edu.cn) : A facile synthesis of 3-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,1′-biphenyl. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 3009-11.

3-(Chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,1′-biphenyl is a key intermediate for the preparation of bifenthrin, an insecticide which belongs to pyrethroid. The traditional synthetic process of 3-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,1′-biphenyl is complicated and involves high-toxic and high-risk reagents such as thionyl chloride, lithium aluminum hydride and methyl iodide, which causes significant environmental problems and safety issues. Herein, a facile and efficient synthesis process of 3-(chloromethyl)-2- methyl-1,1′-biphenyl was developed. The synthetic process is shortened from 6 steps to only 4 steps and avoids the use of high-toxic and high-risk reagents. Moreover, 3-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,1′- biphenyl can be obtained by simple purification process in high yield (73.9 %). Compared with the traditional synthetic process, the synthetic process of 3-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,1′-biphenyl reported here is more environmental friendly and efficient.

1 illus, 10 ref

006500   SHETTY K, PRATHIBHA B S, RANGAPPA D, ANATHARAJU K S, NAGASWARUPA H P, PRASHANTHA S C (Nanotechnology Dep, Visvesvaraya Technological Univ, Chikkaballapur- 562 103, Email: pratbnmit@gmail.com) : Fabrication of MgFe₂O₄-ZnO nanocomposites for photocatalysis of organic pollutants under solar light radiation. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2995-3003.

MgFe₂O₄, ZnO and MgFe₂O₄-ZnO samples were successfully prepared through low temperature solution combustion route. The structural and morphological investigation were accomplished by PXRD, HRSEM, UV-visible and FTIR. The PXRD results point towards the reduced size of synthesized nanocomposites, which was further confirmed by HRSEM studies. Optical properties of the prepared samples were examined by UV-visible spectroscopy. The band gap seems to be widened for prepared nanocomposites compared to pure MgFe₂O₄. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight was superior in contrast to pure MgFe₂O₄ and ZnO. MgFe₂O₄-ZnO (1:1) acts as the most effective photocatalyst activity compared to pure MgFe₂O₄ and ZnO. EIS data was proven to be an efficient tool for understanding the electronic properties for photocatalytic studies. The enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalytic activities of MgFe₂O₄-ZnO nanocomposite is supported by the factors such as quantization effect, band gap widening and efficient charge separation. MgFe₂O₄-ZnO showed excellent reusability with high photocatalytic efficiencies suggesting its suitability for solar photocatalytic applications. Additionally, scavenging test was conducted to know the role of all active species during photoelectrocatalysis. This work presents a facile and effective route for the construction of MgFe₂O₄-ZnO nanocomposites with intriguing structures and multiple functions.

12 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

006452   KUMAR P S, PREMNATH D, OBADIAH A, DURAIRAJ A, RAMANATHAN S, VASANTHKUMAR S (Chemistry Dep, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore- 641 114, Email: vasanthakumar@karunya.edu) : Synthesis, structural characterization and biological evaluation of 3-amino-5-(5-oxo-5h-benzo[a]phenoxazin-6-ylamino)benzoic acid derivatives. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2986-94.

1,4-Naphthoquinones are exceptional building blocks in organic synthesis and have been used to synthesize several well-known pharmaceutically active agents. Compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms inside the rings are attracting much attention and interest due to their biological importance. A series of 3-amino-5-(3-chloro-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-ylamino)benzoic acid derivatives were synthesized by the Michael addition of 2,3-dichloronaphthalene-1,4-dione and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid. All the synthesized compounds are screened for their bioactivity through molecular docking, cytotoxicity (against HeLa) and antioxidant activity. DPPH and ABTS evaluation procedures are employed to assess the antioxidant activity. Among the synthesized 3-amino-5-(3-chloro-1, 4-dioxo-1, 4-dihydronaphthalen-2-ylamino)benzoic acid derivatives (1, 2, 3a-g), compound 3d exhibited the highest inhibition of 75 % and 83 % in the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity evaluation, respectively. Compound 3d exhibited better glide energy and E model scores when docked with HDAC8 using GLIDE program. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was studied against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and compound 3d showed the maximum inhibition and displayed a better activity than the standard drug.

2 illus, 5 tables, 37 ref

006513   VILAPARA K V, GAMI S P, GADARA S A, NALIAPARA Y T (Chemistry Dep, Saurashtra Univ, Rajkot- 360 005, Email: kalpeshvilapara@yahoo.com) : Copper catalyzed Chan-Lam coupling reaction of pyrazoles at ambient temperature and their antimicrobial evaluation. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2981-5.

An efficient protocol to synthesize a series of N-aryl pyrazoles via C-N bond Chan-Lam coupling reaction using diverse boronic acid at room temperature using Cu(OAc)₂/TEA as a catalytic system without utilization of any ligand or additive and exposed to air to afford moderate to excellent yield. The characterizations of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, MS, ¹ H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were assayed for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96, Escherichia coli MTCC-443, B. subtilis MTCC-441, S. typhi MTCC-98, and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger MTCC-282 and Aspergillus clavatus MTCC-1323 at different concentration and compared with standards drugs. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the compounds was studied by micro broth dilution method.

1 table, 35 ref

006411   ASHOKKUMAR D, RAMALINGAM G, GOPALAKRISHNAN M (Chemistry Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, Email: drgr_dde@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, molecular docking and antimicrobial studies of some novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2976-80.

Three components one pot synthesis of some novel triazole substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds from the simple condensation reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, 4-amino triazole and aromatic aldehyde has been demonstrated using on low cost and efficient acetic acid catalyst in solvent free condition followed by microwave irradiation method. The newly synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds exhibit in excellent yield. The synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives are screened for antimicrobial properties and molecular docking study.

2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

006481   PRAJUDTASRI N, NONTAKITTICHAROEN M, ANGURAVIRUTT S (Chemistry Dep, Mahasarakham Univ, Mahasarakham- 44150, Email: mongbu@kku.ac.th) : α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of phenolic rich extracts obtained from the seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr.. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2964-8.

The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical analysis of Melastoma saigonense seed extracts and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts from seeds of M. saigonense indicated that the total phenolic content was in the range between 233.46 and 967.22 mg GAE/g DE, whereas the flavonoids content was in the range between 359.96 and 850.84 mg QE/g DE. The present study of antidiabetic inhibitory activity by in vitro α-glucosidase revealed that the crude extracts using ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU) and final aqueous residue extracts (AQ) exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC₅₀ 4.42-11.95 µg/mL). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into four fractions (EAF₁−EAF₄) and five fractions (BUF₁−BUF₅), respectively and their bioactivities were investigated. The nine fractions exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < 0.05) with an IC₅₀ between 3.42-34.77 µg/mL which is less than the IC₅₀ for standard acarbose (IC₅₀ = 507.26 µg/mL). Among all the fractions, BUF₁ and EAF₁ exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with BUF1 showing the highest inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 3.42 µg/mL). The dominant phenolic acids were sinapic, gallic, ferrulic, syringic, gallic and caffeic acids and the prominent flavonoids were myricetin and quercetin. These findings suggest that the seeds of M. saigonense have potential as a source of antidiabetic agent (s).

1 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

006409   ALNUWAISER M A (Chemistry Dep, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Univ, Riyadh- 11437, Email: maalnoussier@pnu.edu.sa) : Analysis of heavy metals contents in lipsticks and cosmetics available in Saudi Arabia by ICP-OES. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2959-63.

The current paper describes the analysis of heavy metals contents in lipsticks and cosmetics being sold in Riyadh markets and compares heavy metals contents present in cosmetics of some other countries. An analytical technique called inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determines content for metals like As, Hg, Pb, Cd and Al in some of the most famous and widely sold lipsticks in Riyadh markets. An analysis is conducted across some expensive and some cheap brands that claim to be "organic" and "medicinal", with emphasis on the Chinese brand of lipsticks. Various parameters such as colour intensity, matte texture and glossiness, viscosity and makeup persistence were compared. Results showed serious levels of contamination from lipsticks originating from China with specimens containing above safe detectable levels. It is found that heavy metals beyond permissible limit are used in lipsticks and other cosmetic products containing fragrances and also as preservatives.

2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

006518   ZAOOLI R H, HUSSEIN F A, JAFAR N N A, AL-THAMIR S N K (Chemistry Dep, Babylon Univ, Babylon, Iraq, Email: nathernajim1@gmail.com) : Suzuki reaction for the synthesis of new derivatives of 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl phenol and their in vitro antibacterial screening. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2955-8.

Many derivatives of 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol have been synthesized using Suzuki reaction and characterized by IR, 1 H NMR and micro elemental analysis. These compounds also tested in terms of their antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.

1 table, 31 ref

006420   CHINNASAMY M, RAMU A (Inorganic Chemistry Dep, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai- 625 021, Email: ramumku@yahoo.co.in) : DNA/BSA binding, molecular docking, nuclease activity and cytotoxicity studies of hydrazide based Schiff base complexes. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2941-54.

A new series of hydrazide based Schiff base metal Cu(II)/Zn(II) complexes of the type [Cu(L1-L4)₂] and [Zn(L1-L4)₂] has been synthesized and characterized by various analytical and spectral techniques. The proposed geometry of metal complexes, square planar for Cu²⁺ ion and tetrahedral for Zn²⁺ ion was confirmed by the spectral and analytical results. DNA interaction with metal complexes was explored by spectral and molecular docking analysis. The results obtained indicates that Cu(II)/Zn(II) complexes interaction with DNA via an intercalative binding mode and its respective intrinsic binding constant (Kb) was found in the order of 7 > 8 > 5 > 6 > 3 > 4 > 1 > 2. Further, similar interactions of these metal complexes with BSA were found in the same order of binding constant. Furthermore, the complexes showed moderate cleavage ability with pUC19 DNA. Cytotoxicity studies confirmed the biological importance of the Schiff base complexes.

8 illus, 6 tables, 64 ref

006407   AL-MOHAIMEED A M (Chemistry Dep, King Saud Univ, Riyadh- 11495, Email: muhemeed@ksu.edu.sa) : Formation constants of mixed ligand complexes of anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam and some bioligands with copper(II). Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2937-40.

The formation constants of various complexes of copper(II) with anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam (P) as primary ligand and some bioligands such as L-serine, L-tyrosine, L-threonine as secondary ligand have been determined pH metrically at 25 ºC and I = 0.1 M NaNO₃. The results suggest that the formation of Cu(P)L and Cu(P)(LH-1) species in the pH range of 5-12. The values of ∆ log₁₀ K, percentage of relative stabilization and log X were evaluated and discussed.

2 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

006416   BHATTARAI M, BASNETT H, DAS A, MANNA P, CHAUDHARY D, DUTTA D, SHRESTHA B (Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance Dep, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majitar- 737 136, Email: shrestha2k@yahoo.com) : Simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride by second order derivative spectroscopy. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2931-6.

A simple, sensitive and reproducible second order derivative UV spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of mixture of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride in the tablet dosage form. The method utilizes second order derivative technique, which helps to isolate the individual peaks of the mixture drugs and overcome the problem of merging of mixture peaks with each other. For quantification of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride wavelength selected were 244, 276 and 297 nm, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 5-40 µg/mL. Intra-day and interday precision were within acceptable range (percentage relative standard deviation 2.27 %). The percentage recovery was within the range between 97.22-99.43 %. The method was also found to be robust and rugged. The method stands validated as per ICH guidelines and hence, can be used for the routine quality control analysis of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride in the tablet dosage form.

8 illus, 7 tables, 44 ref

006514   VIMALA B, JAYAPRADHA S R, SELVAN A (Chemistry Dep, Mother Teresa Women’s Univ, Kodaikanal- 624 102, Email: selvamithu6970@gmail.com) : Template synthesis, characterization and reactivities of anionic transition metal complexes with tetraaza protonated 11,13-dimethyl-1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclotrideca-4,6,10,13-tetraene-5,6-diol as cation. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2924-30.

Template synthesis, characterization and reactivities of anionic transition metal complexes with tetraazaprotonated 11,13-dimethyl-1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclotrideca-4,6,10,13-tetraene-5,6-diol as cation has been achieved. By magnetic and spectral studies, hexachlorometallate(II) anionic complexes have been found to be octahedral. It is envisioned that the cationic macrocycle may be associating with both the complex and chloride anions through hydrogen bonding thereby rendering the molecule as a whole neutral. Deprotonation, protonation analysis and chemosensor behaviour have been showed by pH variation studies and relevant anionic additions, respectively. All of these data supports the newly synthesized anionic complexes in a strange manner.

5 illus, 2 tables, 46 ref

006419   CHEN Q, ZHANG X, TIAN S, LONG J, MENG X, SUN Q, LI Y (National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing- 102 211, Email: qiang.chen.cx@chnenergy.com.cn) : Kinetics of hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2915-23.

The intrinsic kinetic behaviour of catalytic hydrogenation of acetic acid in vapour phase was studied over a multi-metallic catalyst. The rate expression was derived from the sequence of elementary reaction steps based on a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-model involving two types of active sites. Experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor, which is similar to an isothermal integral reactor designed to excluding the negative effects of internal and external diffusion. The reaction conditions investigated were as follow:reaction temperature 275-325 ºC, reaction pressure1.5-3.0 MPa, liquid hourly space velocity (sv) 0.3-1.2 h^-1, molar ratio of hydrogen to acetic acid (H/AC) 8:20. The results show that conversion of acetic acid increases with increasing the reaction temperature and pressure, but decreases with increasing the space velocity and H/AC. Furthermore, reducing the reaction pressure and increasing reaction temperature, space velocity and H/AC can improve the reaction selectivity of acetic acid to ethanol. The established kinetic model results agreed with experimental results. The relative difference between the calculated value and the experimental value is less than 6 %. The values of model parameters are consistent with the three thermodynamic constraints. The study provided evidence that the intrinsic kinetic model is suitable both mathematically and thermodynamically, and it could be useful in guiding reactor design and optimization of operating conditions.

13 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

006447   KOTESWARARAO D, RAJKUMAR B, PRAMEELA K, ASHOK K, SRIDEVI G (Chemistry Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ, Hyderabad- 500 085, Email: drsridevikalyani@gmail.com) : Microwave assisted synthesis and optical properties of highly fluorescent N-doped carbon dots. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2897-2902.

Herein, a rapid microwave assisted solid state method is reported for the synthesis of highly fluorescent N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) using citric acid as carbon source and guanidine hydrochloride as N-dopant. Synthetic parameters such as microwave power, irradiation time and reactants ratio were optimized to produce high quality N-doped carbon dots. The N-doped carbon dots were well characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM-EDS, FTIR, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. N-Doped carbon dots exhibited bright emission with a quantum yield of 11 %. Detailed study of their optical properties revealed their excellent property of resistance to photo bleaching, high ionic strength and solution pH. Further they exhibited excitation dependent emission behaviour, high aqueous solubility and a long shelf life of 60 days. This strong fluorescence emission combined with high stability make N-doped carbon dots a promising fluorescent probe for wide range of applications.

7 illus, 24 ref

006482   PRODJOSANTOSO A K, KAMILIA S, UTOMO M P, BUDIASIH K S (Chemistry Dep, Yogyakarta State Univ, DIY- 55281, Email: prodjosantoso@uny.ac.id) : Silica supported copper-nickel oxide catalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2891-6.

Organic wastes are often harmful for organisms living in water. The compounds may toxic and or carcinogenic. Many methods have been applied to minimize the organic wastes in water, one of which is through fotodegradation process using catalysts. This report is about the use of (Cu-Ni)O_x@SiO₂ catalyst for photodegration the methylene blue under the sunlight exposure. A serial method of XRD, SEM-EDX and UV-visible spectroscopy has been used in the study. The catalyst adsorption test was carried out in the dark environment, whilst the catalyst activity test in photodegradation of methylene blue was performed under the sunlight. The measurements on (Cu-Ni)O_x@SiO₂ catalyst clearly indicate the presence of tridymite silica (SiO₂) with the particle size around 9 nm. The silica band gap energy decreases with the adsorption of copper and nickel on the surface of silica. The adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The (Cu-Ni)O_x@SiO2 is significantly catalyzed the degradation of methylene blue in water.

6 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

006429   DHUDA G, KAPADIYA K, LADWA P, GODHANIYA B, MODHA J (Chemistry Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Science Coll, Porbandar- 360 575, Email: khushal_kapadiya06@yahoo.com) : High yielding, base catalyzed C⁶ regioselective amination and N⁹ alkylation in purine nucleotide. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2871-4.

2,6-Dichloropurine is an interesting new nucleoside which gave regioselectively various 2-derivatized or 6-derivatized purines by using a secondary amines. An efficient, simple and regioselective synthesis of C⁶ morpholine, N⁹ alkylated purine nucleoside derivatives were attained via chloro-amine coupling reaction between 2,6-dichloropurine with morpholine followed by commercial alkylation method using DMF and K₂CO₃. Over the traditionally used protocols and procedure, it have been exhibited advance benefits such as admirable yield, simple reaction conditions and modest influence.

20 ref

006472   NGUYEN L T T, NGUYEN L T H, HANG N T T, HAI N Q, HAU V T, NGUYEN D T, DAO T-U T (Thai Nguyen Univ, Thái Nguyên, Vietnam, Email: nguyentoloan@dhsptn.edu.vn) : Influence of fuel on structure, morphology, magnetic properties and photocatalytic activity of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2865-70.

The present study attempted the synthesis of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles via solution combustion technique with urea as the fuel. The synthesized samples was structurally characterized by a series of different techniques including TGA/DSC, X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscope, transmission electronic microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was also employed to investigate the magnetic properties of nickel ferrite at room temperature. The results showed that the crystallite size of the NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles declined from 45.8 to 33.7 nm in response to elevated amount of urea in the precursor. The photocatalytic activity of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles was investigated by using rhodamine B dye under visible light.

6 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

006470   NGAN T T K, HIEN T T, LE X T, ANH T T, QUAN P M, CANG M H, NGOC T T L, DANH V T, TRUNG L N Y, TOAN T Q (Chemical Engineering Dep, HCMC Univ of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: tien.le@hcmut.edu.vn) : Physico-chemical profile of essential oil of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) grown in an Giang Province, Vietnam. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2855-8.

In this study, kaffir lime peel was used for extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation and evaluation of physico-chemical characteristics. The yield of essential oil was 1.8 %. The physico-chemical parameters averaged specific gravity (0.8587g/cm³ ), acid index (0.667 mg KOH/g), ester index (4.203 mg KOH/g), refractive index (1.469), rotator power +3. Twenty-three components were classified in kaffir lime peel oils. The result of GC-MS revealed that the oil is extremely rich in α-pinene (35.54 %), Eucalyptol (20.902 %), camphene (4.384 %), bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one (7.794 %), caryophyllene (1.225 %), endo-borneol (4.147 %), bornyl acetate (4.065%). The aim of this study is to promote for further research on extraction enhancement and application of that constituents to cosmetics, medicine and food industries to enhance antioxidant and anti-bacterial capabilities create more useful formulations.

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

006501   SHOBA E, PASUPATHY N, THIRUNAVUKKARASU P, CHANDRASEKARAN J, PARTHASARATHY G (Electronics Dep, Erode Arts and Science Coll, Erode- 638 009, Email: shobarajendranidp@gmail.com) : Synthesis of metal-polymer-semiconductor diode using polyaniline by chemical oxidative method and its temperature dependent electrical conductivity behaviour. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2846-54.

The interfacial layer of pristine polyaniline (PANI) polymer was prepared using chemical oxidative method with 0.2 M concentration formerly, aniline hydrochloride was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate 0.25 M in aqueous medium at 1-2 ºC next to aniline, stirring time and polymerization temperature are considerable causing parameters of polymerization reaction, harmoniously metal polymersemiconductor (MPS) constructions of Cu/PANI/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes with different acids (HCl, acetic acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid) was fabricated. The structural analyses of XRD sizes of the elements revealed that the crystal structure of distortion and converted into amorphous nature and SEM revealed that the morphology of pristine PANI powders. The FT-IR spectra confirmed that ammonium peroxydisulfate with pristine PANI along with band formation. The optical property of PANI was analyzed using UV-vis spectra and deliberate with minimum band gap 3.1 eV by means of HCl. The electrical property I -V temperature ranges 30 to 120 ºC represents that the maximum average conductivity obtains as 0.70 × 10-2 S/cm for 0.2 M HCl. The lowest ideality factor (n) and minimum barrier height (ΦB) values were achieved for HCl of Cu/PANI/n-Si Schottky barrier diode (SBDs) under the explanation disorder.

9 illus, 4 tables, 58 ref

006428   DEVKATE S S , BURUNGALE A S, PISE A S (Chemistry Dep, Rayat Sikshan Sanstha’s S.M. Joshi Coll, Pune- 411 028, Email: asburungale@gmail.com) : Dilithium tetrachloromanganate an effective reagent for regioselective ring opening of epoxides with Grignard reagents. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2841-5.

The epoxides were obtained from substituted phenols and epichlorohydrin by reported methods. The regioselective ring opening of epoxides were studied in different solvents by reaction with Grignard’s reagent in presence of dilithium tetrachloromanganate.

2 tables, 34 ref

006506   TREJO-GONZÁLEZ N, PRIETO-MÉNDEZ J, MARMOLEJO-SANTILLÁN Y, ACEVEDO-SANDOVAL O A, MADARIAGA-NAVARRETE A, AQUINO-TORRES E, CANALES-FLORES R A, PRIETO-GARCÍA F (Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Univ, Hidalgo, México, Email: jprieto@uaeh.edu.mx) : Displacement of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and improvements in a saline soil treated with organic and chemical amendments. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2834-40.

The accumulation of salts in the soil produces conditions that affect the growth of most crops. Currently, soil amendments have been used to improve the texture and chemical & biological reactions of the soil. The objective of this work was to simulate the transport of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in columns of saline soil through the use of organic and chemical amendments. Saline soil samples of the municipality of Tlahuelilpan, Hidalgo state, Mexico were studied. Compost, vermicompost, phosphogypsum and malting barley husk were used as amendments. The results showed that the highest metal element removal was obtained with the combined treatment of vermicompost at 4 % and phosphogypsum at 2 % (V4FY2) (59 %). Improvements in soil physico-chemical properties were also observed. These findings indicated that the combination of organic and chemical amendments promotes the leaching of metals, (mainly sodium). Therefore, the amendments evaluated in this study can be a good alternative for the remediation and improvement of saline soils. 

5 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

006423   DAO T P, TRAN T H, NGO T C Q, LINH H T K, TRUNG L N Y, DANH V T, NGOC T T L, PHAM N D Y, QUAN P M, TOAN T Q (Graduate Univ of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam, Email: tranquoctoan2010@gmail.com) : Extraction of essential oils from Vietnam’s orange (Citrus sinensis) peels by hydrodistillation: Modeling and process optimization. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2827-33.

In this study, extraction of essential oil from orange peels was investigated by hydrodistillation method and combine technology software to optimize the process. By using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken surface statistical design, the effect of parameters such as water-to-material ratio (2-4 mL/g), extraction time (45-75 min), and temperature (120-140 ºC) on the extraction of essential oil process from orange (Citrus sinensis) peels was examined . All factors were significantly affected to the extraction yield of essential orange peel oil. Optimum conditions for extraction oil yield including the ratio of water to material, temperature, extraction time achieved 3.19 mL/g, 130.08 ºC, 74.31 min, respectively. Below the optimal extraction condition, the maximum yield of orange oil of 3.21 % was obtained. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the results revealed that the essential orange peels oil is extremely rich in limonene (98.343 %).

5 illus, 7 tables, 43 ref

006436   GOSAVI S A, NANDAL D H, PAWAR S S (Pharmacology Dep, Pravara Institutes of Medical Sciences, Loni- 413 736, Email: seemagosavi@gmail.com) : Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel Mannich bases of isoxazoline derivatives as possible antimicrobial agents. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2821-6.

Novel isoxazoline derivatives were synthesized by condensation of substituted acetophenones with aldehyde in presence of alcoholic NaOH to get intermediate chalcones, which were further treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium hydroxide to get isoxazoline derivatives. The latter were refluxed separately with isonicotinic acid hydrazide and sulphanilamide in presence of formaldehyde for 6-10 h to afford corresponding Mannich bases. The structures of synthesized compounds were established on the basis of melting point, TLC, IR, ¹ H NMR and HRMS. Antimycobacterial activity of compounds (3a-j) were assessed against M. tuberculosis (vaccine strain, H37 Rv strain) ATCC27294 using microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). Further the derivatives were evaluated for the antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria S. aureus (ATCC 9144), S. epidemidis (ATCC12228) and Gram negative bacteria E. coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella (ATCC 4352), while antifungal activity against A. flavus (ATCC 9643) and A. niger (ATCC 16404) by using agar well diffusion method using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as standards, respectively. The results of antimicrobial studies showed that some of the derivatives posses mild to moderate biological activity as compared to standard.

4 tables, 25 ref

006440   HOU Y, ZHAO X (Pingdingshan Univ, Henan- 467 000, Email: hympdsu@163.com) : Comparative spectroscopic studies on flotation rate of low toxic mixed solvents. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2801-3.

The application of hydrophilic mixed solvents provides a new direction for the study of green air flotation technology. In this test, a mixture of n-propanol and anhydrous ethanol (4:1) was selected as solvent, sodium chloride as phase separator, sodium hydroxide solution was used to maintain acidity and hydrophobic associations formed by Fe(III) and doxycycline were flotated to the organic phase. After flotation, the hydrophobic associations were analyzed by spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the hydrophilic mixed solvent maintained good flotation rate without toxicity.

3 illus, 1 table, 13 ref