039248   NISHA S, YUSUF M (Chemistry Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala - 147 002, Email: yusuf_sah04@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of varied ring new heterocycles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2020, 59B(03), 420-30.

In the present study, a series of pyrazolines 2a-c, isoxazoline 5, pyrimidines 3a-c and benzoazepines 4a-c have beenprepared from the cyclization reactions of biphenyl chalcone 1 with appropriate binucleophilic reagents. The chalcone 1 hasbeen obtained by using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone with biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde in EtOH/NaOH medium. The structural interpretations of the chalcone 1 and final heterocycles have beenfully ascribed on the basis of their different spectroscopic parameters such as IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. Thein vitro antimicrobial evaluation of these heterocycles have also been carried out by using serial tube dilution techniqueagainst the selected number of bacterial and fungal strains and most of the studied products proved to be the potentantimicrobial agents. The newly prepared pyrazolines and isoxazoline exhibit noticeable antimicrobial properties.

4 illus, 1 table, 95 ref

039247   NAIK M D, BODKE Y D, AJEES KUMAR A K, NAIK J K, SHASTRI S L (P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shivamogga - 577 451, Email: mamatajayanth@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel series of 2-(benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxamide derivatives. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2020, 59B(03), 406-19.

A novel feature extraction method for ship-radiated noise based on extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition(ESMD) and dispersion entropy (DE) is proposed in the present study. Firstly, ship-radiated noise signals were decomposedinto a set of band-limited intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by ESMD. Then, the correlation coefficient (CC) between each IMF and the original signal were calculated. Finally, the IMF with highest CC was selected to calculate DE as the featurevector. Comparing DE of the IMF with highest CC by empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical modedecomposition (EEMD) and ESMD, it is revealed that the proposed method can assist the feature extraction and classification recognition for ship-radiated noise.

3 illus, 7 tables, 42 ref

039246   V MANIKANDAN, VANANGAMUDI G, ARULKUMARAN R, CHRISTURAJ P, THIRUNARAYANAN G (Chemistry Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Email: amritkumarmishra@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial potent (E)-2-(1-phenylethylidene)-1-tosylhydrazines. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2020, 59B(03), 399-405.

A series containing ten (E)-2-(1-phenylethylidene)-1-tosylhydrazines have been synthesized by thionyl chloride catalystassisted condensation between 1-tosylhydrazine and substituted acetophenones. These benzylidenes have been characterizedby their physical constants, UV-Vis, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral techniques. The antibacterial and antifungal activities ofthe synthesized benzylidene have been evaluated.

4 illus, 4 tables, 58 ref

039245   KUMAR B S, MANDLE R D, KAMBLE S P, SUDALAI A (CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune - 411 008, Email: a.sudalai@ncl.res.in) : A concise enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(+)-goniothalamin oxide, a trypanocidal active agent via L-prolinol catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamaldehyde. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2020, 59B(03), 393-8.

A short and straight-forward enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(+)-goniothalamin oxide 2 has been achieved with an overallyield of 39 % and 99 % ee. The synthetic approach involves L-prolinol catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamaldehyde followed by Lewis acid-mediated diastereo selective allylation of epoxy aldehyde as the key chiral-inducing steps.

12 ref

039244   APPALANAIDU E, BUSIREDDY M R, REDDY B V S, RAO V J (CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology,, Hyderabad- 500 007, Email: vaidya.opv@gmail.com) : Experimental study of end-capped acceptors influencing the photo-physical, electrochemical and thermal parameters of A-D--D-A type small molecular electron donors. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2020, 59B(03), 385-92.

We have designed A-D--D-A type three new small molecular donor materials denoted as FD-IND, FD-DCV and FD-NBR, which have been synthesised and their photo-physical, electrochemical and thermal properties explored. The synthesised materials have fluorene as “-spacer,” dithieonopyrrole as “Donor” (D) and various “Acceptor” (A) unitsare 1,3-indanedione (IND), dicyanovinylene (DCV) and N-butyl rhodanine (NBR). All these three materials have good solubility (~30 mg/mL) in most common organic solvents and have relatively broad absorption in the visible region covering the range of 300-650 nm with two primary absorption bands. The absorption bands located at shorter wavelength region are ascribed to a localized aromatic -* transition of the A-D--D-A system, while the bands at longer wave length are mainly attributed to an ICT transition. All the compounds exhibit excellent thermal stabilities in the range of 260-373°C. Cyclic voltammetry data provided HOMO values as −5.26, −5.32 and −5.32 eV for FD-NBR, FD-DCV and FD-IND respectively. LUMO values estimated from HOMO values and optical band gap are −3.27, −3.22 and −3.37 eV forFD-NBR, FD-DCV and FD-IND respectively. Therefore, these are potential molecules for organic solar cells.

4 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

039243   SURYACHANDRA D K, TENNETI S, YADAV N, YADAV J S (CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad- 500 007, Email: yadavpub@gmail.com) : Stereoselective synthesis of C1-C11 fragment of antitumor cyclodepsipeptide (-)- doliculide. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2020, 59B(03), 376-84.

A general and stereoselective synthetic route for C1-C11 polyketide fragment of doliculide has been achieved in an efficient manner. The key reactions of our synthetic route are enzymatic desymmetrization of meso-diol, applicationof Evans auxiliary to introduce methyl group, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and substrate controlled nucleophilic addition reactions.

19 ref

039242   YADAV J S, BHASKAR K (CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500 007, Email: jsyadav@indrashiluniversity.edu.in) : Towards the synthesis of C43 to C51 unit of amphidinol-3. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2020, 59B(03), 369-75.

Towards the synthesis of C43 to C51 unit of Amphidinol-3 has been achieved following our recently developed protocol for the highly stereoselective synthesis of trans-2,6-disubstituted dihydropyran through tandem isomerization followed by C–O and C–C bond formation reaction as the key steps. The other important reactions involved are cross-metathesis (CM) reaction and Jin’s protocol.

12 ref

039206   AMR A E, MEGEID R E A, ELWAHAB A A A, FLEFEL E M, ELSAYED E A (Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Dep, National Research Centre, Egypt, Email: eaelsayed@ksu.edu.sa) : Antimicrobial activities of some synthesized cyclo (N^α-dinicotinoyl) [L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]pentapeptide candidates. J Sci Ind Res 2020, 79(01), 71-6.

Some of cyclo (N^α-di-nicotinoyl)[L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine]pentapeptides 3-6 has been synthesized starting from bis- (1-carboxy-2-substituted)-3,5-diaminocarbonyl)pyridine 3 and N,N-bis-(1-hydrazonyl-2-substituted)-3,5 diaminocarbonyl) pyridine 2. Treatment of 1 or 2 afforded the corresponding bis-ester derivative 3, which was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxideto give bis-acid 4. Cyclization of bis-acid 4 with L-dibasic amino acid methyl esters, afforded the corresponding macrocyclic methyl esters 5a,b, respectively. Finally, hydrazonolysis of 5a,b with hydrazine hydrated in refluxing methanol afforded macrocyclic pentapeptide hydrazides 6a,b, respectively. Some of these compounds exhibited antimicrobial activities comparable with Chloramphenicol and Fusidic acid as reference drugs.

1 tables, 21 ref

039186   HAZRA K, MANDAL A K, MONDAL D N, RAVTE R K, HAZRA J, RAO M M (Central Ayurvedic Research Institute of Drug Development, Calcutta- 700 091, Email: nriadd.kolkata@gmail.com) : Seasonal dynamics of Shatavarin-IV, a potential biomarker of Asparagus racemosus by HPTLC: Possible validation of the ancient ayurvedic text. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 174-81.

The medicinal property of Asparagus racemosus is primarily attributed to its constituent steroidal saponins, particulary he major component, shatavarin-. Thus, it can serve as a biomarker and its level can decide of the utility of the plant cultivar as adrug. Hence, a sesitive, reliable and quantitative High Performance Thin Layer Charomatography (HPTLC) method has been establisedfor quantification of shatavarin- in the methanolic extracts of the roots collected in both summer and rainy seasons. The extracts of the powers of dried roots were applied to silica gel 60 F 254 aluminum-supported precoated TLC plates and developed with n-hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol, 80:10:10 (v/v), as the mobile phase. Shatavarin-IV was detected and quantified by densitometry at   

8 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

039183   S A P M Piyarathne, M K B Weerasooriya (Chemistry Dep, Kelaniya Univ, Sri Lanka, Email: bandu@kln.ac.lk) : Production of extracellular amylase by Aspergillus niger under submerged fermentation using jack fruit rag as the carbon source. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 158-63.

Production of extracellular amylase by Aspergillus niger was studied under submerged fermentation using jackfruit rag as the carbon source. Different parameters, such as incubation period, pH of the culture broth and level of substrate were changed to optimise the conditions for amylase production. Maximum enzyme production ~ 8400 units/g was obtained in 5 days old cultures, grown at pH, 6.5 and 30 °C with substrate level 20 gL^-1. As nitrogen sources NH₄Cl, KNO₃ casein, peptone and beef extract were tested. Except NH₄Cl all other sources enhanced the amylase production. Study on the kinetics of extracellular and intracellular amylase production revealed that extracellular amylase production was always higher than that in intracellular. Crude amylase obtained from culture broth was partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by DEAE Cellulose chromatography. Partially purified enzyme exhibited optimum pH and incubation temperature at pH 6 and 60°C respectively and higher thermal and pH stability at 50-60 °C and pH 5-7 respectively and enhanced activity with Ca²⁺. These unique features of the enzyme indicates its suitability for various industrial applications. Shorter incubation period and lower substrate cost offer the potential for inexpensive production of amylase, making the process industrially and economically feasible.

8 illus, 1 tables, 16 ref

039179   CHITHRA M A, IJINU T P, KHARKWAL R, SHARMA R K, JANARDHANAN K K, PUSHPANGADAN P, GEORGE V (Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 005, Email: chithramankoikkal@gmail.com) : Cocos nucifera L. inflorescence extract: An effective hepatoprotective agent. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 128-36.

The flowering inflorescence of Cocos nucifera, a main constituent of several traditional drug formulations was investigated with a view to study the effect of the acetone extract of C. nucifera inflorescence (CnAE) on acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extract are found to be 222.6 μg gallic acide quivalent/g and 120.8 μg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. The LD₅₀ value was >5000 mg/kg b.w. The antioxidant activity was assessed using three methods, namely, 2,2’- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl assay, 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and the IC₅₀ values were found to be 65.72, 66.94 and 89.84 μg/mL, respectively. Effect of CnAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity was evaluated in Wistar rats. The study showed that CnAE pre-treated groups remarkably prevented the increase in serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase level and decrease in the level of liver superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidise. The extract also suppressed the elevated level of malondialdehyde. The biochemical determinations supported the histopathological examination and blood parameter findings. The findings of our study indicated that the phenolic-rich CnAE could be an interesting alternative candidate against acetaminophen-induced hepato-toxicity and associated oxidative stress.

6 illus, 6 tables, 52 ref

039178   PRERNA, VIDHU A (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi - 110 062, Email: vidhuaeri@yahoo.com) : Physicochemical and marker based optimization of fermentation process of Drakshasava, an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 120-7.

Drakshasava a classical herbal formulation containing Vitis vinifera L. (grapes) as a chief ingredient. It is one of the best asava preparation, referred in Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI). The present study explores the changes brought byfermentation during the processing of Drakshasava with respect to physicochemical parameters using correlation marker based approach. The grapes were extracted to form decoction and further fermented with Woodfordia flowers along with prakshepadravyas (additional drugs in small quantity) and sugar source, as per AFI, part II. The fermented broth was analyzed daily for 14 days for various physicochemical parameters. Further marker based profiling was done by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with respect to caffeic acid and kaempferol. The fermentation took 3 days lag period for generation of quantifiable alcohol (0.5 %) on 4^th day to 16.7 % on 14^th day. The admissible limit of alcohol for Drakshasava as per API (5-10 %) has been reached on 9^th day itself.The pH, specific gravity, solid content has been decreased from day 0 (5.12; 1.32; 28.25) to 14^th day (4.35; 1.15; 22.81) respectively whereas phenolic content has been upgraded remarkably (0.040 to 0.165 g/100 mL) during the study. Kaempferol quantity was found to be decreased (0.186 % to 0.0810 %) after fermentation whereas caffeic acid quantity has been significantly increased in post fermented sample with respect to decoction (0.0168 % to 0.0233 %). The change brought in quantity of the phytochemicals, indicates the metabolic conversion during fermentation due to glycosylation or deglycosylation. The research limits the fermentation time forpreparation of Drakshasava from 21 days to 8-9 days, saving time and money. The new optimized method adheres to the Ayurvedic principles and opens the scope for better quality industrial research and large scale production.

4 illus, 3 tables, 43 ref

039132   JAIN K, SURYAWANSHI P, CHAUDHARI A (Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra Univ, Jalgaon- 425 001, Email: ambchasls@gmail.com) : Recovery of acerbic anaerobic digester for biogas production from pomegranate shells using organic loading approach. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2020, 57, 86-94.

Anaerobic digestion of pomegranate shells was conducted in 25 L bioreactor operating at 35±0.5°C. The digester showed a reasonable amount of biogas (0.71 m³/kg VS fed) and methane (55.7 %) with stable pH and acid: alkali profiles when operated at organic loading rate (OLR) from 1.0 to 3.0 kg VS/day/m⁻³. The reactor exhibited stable performance with methane yield of 0.44 m³/kg VS fed and reduction of 38.5 % volatile solids (VS) As organic loading rate increased to 3.5 kg VS/day/m⁻³, accumulation of volatile fatty acid (VFA; 2797 ppm), mainly propionic acid (1617 ppm) was noticeable. The digester turned sour (pH 4.32) with lower biogas (2.5 Ld⁻¹) and methane (30.80%) production, reflecting the case of overloading. Reversal of organic loading rate from 3.5 to 3.0 kg VS/day/m⁻³ gradually restored the upset anaerobic digester to normal profile in 4 weeks as judged from a gradual increase in biogas (6.5 Ld⁻¹) and methane (58.4 %).

1 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

039122   SINGLA M G, WAHI P (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Sudha Rustagi Dental Sciences and Research Coll, Faridabad, Haryana, Email: meenu_sanjeevsingla@hotmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of biodentine, endocem mineral trioxide aggregate, and TheraCal LC to resin composite using a universal adhesive: An in vitro study. Endodontology 2020, 32(1), 14-9.

The efficacy of the bond between the restorative materials and the pulp capping materials has an important role in the success of vital pulp therapy. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of Biodentine, Endocem mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and TheraCal LC to resin composite using a universal adhesive at their respective initial setting time and to identify the specific modes of failure using a stereomicroscope at 25 magnification. A total of 60 acrylic blocks were prepared. Each of the blocks were prepared 20 mm high and 12 mm diameter and had a central hole of 2 mm depth and 5 mm diameter. These acrylic blocks were divided into three groups of 20 samples each based on the liner that is condensed into prepared central hole as Group A – Biodentine, Group B – Endocem MTA, and Group C – TheraCal LC. Composite was then bonded to each sample using universal adhesive. SBS analysis was performed at a cross‑head speed of 1 mm/min. Mean SBS of Group B (Endocem MTA) with composite was found to be significantly lower than that of Group A (Biodentine) with composite which was further significantly lower than that of Group C (TheraCal LC) with composite. This present study concludes that the bond strength of resin‑based light‑curable TheraCal LC showed clinically acceptable and highest SBS values when used with a universal silane containing adhesive.

1 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

039117   VILALOBOS M C, ACEVEDO B L, AGUILAR V M V, CASTRO M D P C (Radiation Chemistry and Radiochemistry Dep, National Autonomous Univ, México, Email: pilar@nucleares.unam.mx) : Graft-copolymerization of acrylate monomers onto chitosan induced by gamma radiation: Amphiphilic polymers and their behavior at the air-water interface. J Nucl Phys Mat Sci Rad A 2020, 7(2), 209–15.

Graft polymerization induced by ionizing radiation is a powerful tool in materials science to modifying the physical properties of polymers. Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, antibacterial, and highly hydrophilic polysaccharide. In this work, we report the obtaining of amphiphilic polymers through graft polymerization of acrylic monomers (methyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, and hexyl acrylate) onto chitosan. The polymerization reaction was carried out by simultaneous irradiation of monomers and chitosan using a gamma radiation source of ⁶⁰Co. The formation of Langmuir films of amphiphilic polymers was studied at the air-water interface through surface pressure versus main molecular area isotherms (Π-A) and hysteresis cycles of compression and decompression. Finally, it was analyzed the transferring of Langmuir films towards solid substrates to obtaining Langmuir-Blodgett films with potential application as an antibacterial coating. The microstructure of the Langmuir-Blodgett films was characterized by AFM microscopy observing a regular topography with roughness rangingbetween 0.53 and 0.6 μm.

6 illus, 22 ref

039115   ANGELES A, QUINTERO E, GARO I, ZEPEDA C P, PALMA T, ROJAS P V (National Institute of Nuclear Research, Mexico, Email: arturo.angeles@inin.gob.mx) : Measurement of content of ²²⁶Ra in drinking water from some states of Mexican Republic by liquid scintillation method. J Nucl Phys Mat Sci Rad A 2020, 7(2), 195–201.

To assess the quality of drinking water in respect to the content of radioactivity, usually is carried out an screening program in the locations of interest, that program consist in pick representative samples of drinking water from the wells in that locations, water samples are analyzed to measuring the gross alpha/beta radioactivity by a low background proportional counter or a liquid scintillation system. When some sample exceeds the normative limit then it must be known which radionuclides are in that sample. Expected radionuclides in water are the NORM (normal occurring radioactive material) from the natural radioactive chains. ²²⁶Ra is frequently present in drinking water and is one of most important radionuclide because its “radiotoxicity”, the WHO [World Health Organization, Guidelines for drinking-water Quality, (2016)] recommends a reference level for ²²⁶Ra of 1 Bq/L (the dose coefficient for ²²⁶Ra is 2.8 x 10^-7 Sv/Bq). From a national program of drinking water screening in the Mexican Republic, the samples that exceeded the national normative limits were picked again in the same well and analyzed by LS (liquid Scintillation), using the method of two phases with a not water miscible scintillator cocktail. Results of concentrations of ²²⁶Ra from drinking water are presented. In general the content of ²²⁶Ra in drinking water samples was lower that the guide values recommended for the WHO.

2 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

039110   MONZAMODETH R S, CAMPILLO B (National Autonomous Univ, Mexico, Email: bci@icf.unam.mx) : Study of the erosion of copper by hot plasma. J Nucl Phys Mat Sci Rad A 2020, 7(2), 173–9.

An exhaustive study of the erosion process of a copper cathode exposed to a hot plasma column of 2 kJ of energy (T≈0.5-2.0 keV) and high electron density (n≈1019-1022 cm³) was made, as well as, the radiation field of charged and neutral particles. The characterization of the cumulative damage generated by the plasma/cathode interaction was made by the use of metallographic techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by the analysis of mechanical properties. Damage accumulation produced by the impacts of deuterium plasma discharge created in the copper electrode a deep cavity similar to a crater, modifying the morphology of the surface and below it. The microhardness Vickers test was carried out making indentations from the final part of the cavity to cover 1 cm with indentations every 200 μm. Different areas of hardening were observed, the profile suggests a hardening/recovery front and simultaneous recrystallization in the sample, phenomenon associated with the heating/cooling cycles to which the copper cathode is subjected. Images were captured by SEM at different distances from the center of the surface. The region that showed involvement at the macro level corresponds to 2/3 of the radius of the sample from the center to the outside. These phenomena studied are important to understand the nature of the plasma/wall interaction in any fusion device.

11 illus, 18 ref

039093   ORTIZ E I, SALAS E O R, MENDOZA A N, LOPEZ A L M, SALAS A M R, GARCIA G R, CASTENDA J A C, LAGUNAS E M (National Autonomous Univ, UNAM, Email: islasortize@gmail.com) : Effects of gamma irradiation on curcumin. J Nucl Phys Mat Sci Rad A 2020, 7(2), 103–7.

In this study, remnants concentrations of curcumin in Curcuma longa (organic turmeric powder) were determined after it was exposed to irradiation doses of 1, 2 and 3 kGy. Curcumin analysis was performed using the analyte-sensitive impulse differential polarography technique (LOD: 0.621 ppm and LOQ: 2.130 ppm). The results obtained showed a decreasing concentration of curcumin as a function of the irradiation dose. This reduction is low in terms of affecting the product’s quality with respect to its concentration.

5 illus, 1 tables, 5 ref

039077   CHOWDHURY B, MALLICK D, SARKAR K K, SEN C, SINHA C (Chemistry Dep, Jadavpur Univ, West Bengal- 700 032, Email: crsjuchem@gmail.com) : Photochromic behaviour of Copper(I) and Silver (I) complexes of 1-alkyl-2- (arylazo)imidazoles in miceller media. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(2), 189-99.

Photochromism, a fast reversible structural change even at less than a femto second order upon irradiation of light, is largely influenced by the environment such as, polarity of media, existence of non-covalent interactions, hydrogen bonding etc. In this work, the micelle environment has been imposed on [Cu(RaaiR')₂]ClO₄ and [Ag(RaaiR')₂]NO₃ (RaaiR^' = 1-alkyl-2-(arylazo) imidazole) in MeOH solution using Triton-X-100 (CMC, 108 ± 1.16 at 298 K), CTAB (CMC, 51.64 ± 1.04 at 298 K) and SDS (CMC, 207.01 ± 1.51 at 298 K). 1-alkyl-2-(arylazo) imidazole undergoes trans-to-cis and vice-versa isomerization about –N=N- bond upon light irradiation. The quantum yield (ϕ_t→c) of the photoisomerization follows the order - nonionic micelle (Triton-X-100) > Cationic micelle (CTAB) > no micelle > anionic micelle (SDS). The cis-to-trans isomerization is a thermally induced process. The activation energy of cis-to-trans isomerization is calculated by controlled temperature (298–313 K) experiment. Triton-X-100 and CTAB amplify the activation energy of cis → trans thermal isomerization while SDS reduces it.

6 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

039076   SARITHA S K, SHAMSHUDDIN S Z M, D'SOUZA J Q, MUBARK N M (Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore- 641 046, Email: mohamed.shamshuddin@gmail.com) : Cordierite honeycomb supported Mo(VI)/ZrO2 for microwave assisted Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(2), 181-8.

ZrO2, Mo(VI)/ZrO2, SO42-/ZrO2 and Pt-SO42-/ZrO2 supported on honeycomb monoliths have been prepared and characterized for their physico-chemical properties such as surface acidity, crystalinity, functionality and morphology. These materials have been used as solid acid catalysts in the pinacol rearrangement of benzopinacol under microwave irradiation. A few diols have also been subjected to pinacol rearrangement to obtain a good conversion of rearrangement products with high selectivity. Optimization of reaction conditions has also studied to determine the most suitable reaction conditions for the effective synthesis of pinacolone derivatives. Up to 98 % conversion of benzopinacol is observed under a set of optimized reaction conditions. A reactivation and reusability study of zirconia based solid acid catalysts has also performed.

6 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

039075   SHARMA A, RAO V K, KAMBOJ D V (Chemistry Dep, MITS Group of Institutions, Rajasthan, Email: drarunsharma1287@gmail.com) : Electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B using screen-printed electrodes. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(2), 174-80.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is responsible for large number of food poisoning cases throughout the world. SEB is an exotoxin and it is one of the several harmful substances produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore,it is required to develop methods for the sensitive, reliable, reproducible, cheaper, easy to use and rapid detection of SEB. An electrochemical immuno sensor has been studied for the fast detection of SEB using disposable screen-printed electrodes.Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AA-2P) is used as a new substrate for the voltammetric detection of SEB. In the alkaline buffer solution the alkaline phosphate (ALP) enzymatic hydrolysis product of AA-2P is ascorbic acid (AA). Ascorbic acid is an electroactive substance and gives differential pulse voltammetric oxidative response at +380 mV (versus Ag/AgCl). Thepotential +0.39 V corresponds to the oxidation of AA. Indirect sandwiched enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for the detection of SEB. In this method, anti-rabbit IgG for SEB (capturing antibody) is first immobilized onthe surface of SPE followed by reacting with SEB (antigen) to form antigen-antibody complex. After that, anti-mice IgG forSEB (secondary antibody) are added, followed by ALP-conjugated anti-mice IgG (revealing antibody). The optimal conditions for ALP enzymatic reaction and the volumetric detection have been optimized. It is found that the response of voltammetric immunosensor is proportional to the SEB concentration in the range 0.1–100 ng/mL and the detection limit was found to be 0.1 ng/mL.

4 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

039074   FRAG E Y Z, MOHAMED M E, ALI A E, MOHAMED G G (Chemistry Dep, Cairo Univ, Egypt, Email: aemad@sci.cu.edu.eg) : Potentiometric sensors selective for Cu(II) determination in real water samples and biological fluids based on graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified graphite electrodes. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(2), 162-73.

Three newly synthesized Cu(II) ion selective electrodes based on 1,8-dihydoxyanthraquinone (DHAQ), as an ionophore, have been developed. Carbon paste electrode has been modified with DAHQ (sensor I), graphene and DHAQ (sensor II) andmulti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and DHAQ (sensor III), in order to improve the conductivity and transductionof chemical signal to electrical signal. Under optimized conditions, the electrodes I, II and III revealed Nernstian slopes of 29.78 ± 0.17, 30.25 ± 0.12, and 30.55 ± 0.19 mV decade^-1, respectively, at 25±1 °C covering a wide concentration range from 1×10^–6 to 1×10⁻¹ mol L^–1 for sensors I and II and from 1×10^–5 to 1×10⁻¹ mol L^–1 for sensor III with detection limit values of 8×10⁻⁷, 5×10^−7, and 3.3×10⁻⁶ mol L^-1, respectively. The response of the proposed electrodes is very fast and independent of pH in the range of 2.4–6.5 and the response mechanism is studied using IR, SEM and EDX analyses. Selectivity coefficients have been determined by applying separate solution method and matched potential method, where the obtained values indicated the good discrimination of Cu(II) from other cations by the proposed sensors. The developed sensors have been used successfully for quantitative determination of Cu(II) ions in different matrix of spiked real water samples and biological fluids (urine and serum). These sensors have also been used successfully as indicator electrodes in the potentiometric titration of Cu(II) with EDTA.

6 illus, 5 tables, 45 ref

039073   SAHA S, BARMAN I, SINHA B (Chemistry Dep, Kalimpong Coll, Kalimpong- 734 301, Email: biswachem@gmail.com) : Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and antibacterial studies of new Fe(III) and Cr(III) complexes with an ionic liquid-supported Schiff base ligand. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(2), 155-61.

An ionic liquid-supported Schiff base 1-{2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromobenzylamine)ethyl}-3-ethylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate and its Fe(III) and Cr(III) complexes has been prepared and characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic methods such as elemental analysis, UV-visible, FTIR, ¹H NMR, mass spectra, TGA/DTG, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Based on these spectral studies octahedral geometry has been proposed for both complexes. Molar conductance of the complexes is showing their electrolytic nature. The Schiff base ligand and its complexes have tested for in vitro antibacterial activities against gram positive and gram negative bacteria to assess their inhibition potentials. Cr(III) complex has shown higher activity than the Fe(III) complex against the tested bacteria S. aureus and E. coli.

7 illus, 48 ref

039072   BANPURKAR A R, WAZALWAR S S, PERDIH F (Applied Chemistry Dep, Rajiv Gandhi Coll of Engineering, Chandrapur- 442 403, Email: anitabanpurkar1@gmail.com) : Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of novel pyrazole chalcone derived from 1-phenyl-3-p-tolyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 143-6.

Novel pyrazole chalcone has been synthesized by reaction of phenyl-3-p-tolyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde andacetophenone by Claisen-Schmidt reaction in ethanol by microwave assisted method. It has been characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic (FTIR, ¹H NMR and MS) studies. Crystal structure of the compound has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Hydrogen-bonded chain is formed by C–H···O bonding enhanced by C–H···π interaction. Adjacent chains are connected through the π···π interactions.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

039071   GREWAL R P S, SHARMA G (Applied Sciences Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering Coll, Ludhiana- 141 006, Email: rpsinghchem@gmail.com) : Density functional theoretical studies on 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 135-42.

MCPA is a post-emergence herbicide for control of wild oats and annual grassy weeds found among several economically important crops. In the present work, the Eigen values and Eigen functions of the MCPA have been calculated using two basis sets of DFT. The Global DFT descriptors for the compound have also been calculated. The Fukui functions, local softness, and atomic charges for each center of MCPA have also been calculated It has been found that all there activity centers of MCPA are not equal in chemical reactivity. The differences in chemical reactivity of different sites have been investigated in detail in this work.

7 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

039070   RAO P G P, KAMALAKAR K, JYOTHIRMAYI T, KAMNA M S L, PRASAD R B N (CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Hyderabad- 500 007, Email: rao.pamidighantam@gmail.com) : Esters of petroselinic acid containing Trachyspermum copticum seed oil: Potential industrial lubricant base stocks. Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 126-34.

Trachyspermum copticum seed oil contains volatile oil rich in thymol, which is distilled out and used for medicinal and aromatic formulations. The seed powder after removal of the volatiles loses its importance. However, the fixed oil being rich in unsaturation with petroselinic acid (18:1, Δ6; 68.3 %) and linoleic acid (18:2; 25.3 %) is used for preparing biolubricant base stocks. Methyl, isopropyl and 2-ethyl hexyl esters of the oil have been converted to epoxides, followed by in situhydroxylation and acylation using hexanoic and butyric anhydrides. The acylated products have been evaluated for lubricant properties, and are found to exhibit density (0.91-0.97 g/cc); viscosity of 23.5-27.3 cSt at 40 °C and 4.85-5.33 cSt at 100 °C. The values are comparable to jatropha acylated products. The products exhibited good copper corrosion resistance value of ‘1a’ and high flash points of 230-242 °C. The acylated esters with good weld load behavior, and lower wear and pour point values and viscosity indices, 128.84-138.94, can be potential base stocks belonging to group III category lubricants with ISOVG Grade about 22. These products can be further explored for the preparation of hydraulic, metal working and other industrial fluid formulations.

4 tables, 42 ref

039069   HOLIYACHI M, SAMUNDEESWARI S, CHOUGALA B M, NAIK N S, MADAR J M, SHAIKH F, SHASTRI L A, JOSHI S D, DIXIT S R, SUNAGAR V A, SHIVASARANA C T (Chemistry Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad- 580 003, Email: drlashastri@kud.ac.in) : Synthesis and molecular docking studies of coumarin-imidazole conjugates as potential antimicrobial agents. Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 110-25.

One-pot multi-component synthesis of tri and tetra-substituted coumarin-imidazole conjugates have been achieved in good to excellent yield under conventional and microwave methods in optimized catalyst condition. Further, they have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Gram positive Bacillus flexus and Gram negative Pseudomonas Spp. bacterial strains and two strains of fungi Scopulariopsis spp. and Aspergillus tereus organisms. The results of microbial activity arepromising against tested organisms. The molecular docking study has been performed for all the compounds and docking scores are excellent. Synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, NMR, mass and a few of them by single crystal X-ray analysis.

6 illus, 6 tables, 42 ref

039068   YADAV K, DHADDA S, GULERIA A, GOSWAMI P G, KHANDELWAL C, JANGID D K (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur- 302 004, Email: dinu.jangid@gmail.com) : Nano catalysed Biginelli type reaction in green reaction media. Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 102-9.

Green chemical approach has been developed by using ionic liquid [MIM-H] CCl₃ and TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one (DHPMs) derivatives 4a-r. The formed compounds have been characterised by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and mass spectrometry.

2 tables, 27 ref

039067   SAPRE J V, KHOSE V N, TAWDE T S, WAGH S J, KARNIK A V (Chemistry Dep, Mumbai Univ, Mumbai- 400 098, Email: avkarnik@chem.mu.ac.in) : Synthesis of enantiomerically enriched benzimidazole-triazoles: Application as organocatalyst for asymmertric Diels-Alder reaction. Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 93-101.

4-(Benzimidazolylmethyl)-1,2,3-triazole derivatives 8a-g and 9a-g have been developed using click chemistry protocolin regioselective manner and in high yields. These compounds have geometry to behave as chiral tweezers due to the presence of flexibly bound pi-rich hetero-aryl rings in addition to a chiral center. The synthesized chiral benzimidazoletriazoleshave been found to be useful as organocatalysts for the enantioselective Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between anthrone 10 and maleimide detivatives 11a-g. Enantio selectivity levels have been found to be dependent on several factors including nature of substituents in benzimidazole-triazoles 8a-g and 9a-g.

1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

039066   SUMRAN G, RANI C, AGGARWAL R (Chemistry Dep, D. A. V. Coll, Ambala- 134 003, Email: ranjanaaggarwal67@gmail.com) : Efficient synthesis of new oxadiazole-thiazole hybrids using (diacetoxyiodo)benzene. Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 85-92.

An efficient synthesis of some new 2-aryl-5-(2'-(4-nitrophenylamino)thiazol-4'-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 7a-e, has been accomplished through oxidative cyclization of 2-(4-nitrophenylamino)-N'-(substituted benzylidene) thiazole-4-carbohydrazides 6a-e using an ecofriendly oxidant, (diacetoxyiodo)benzene at ambient temperature. The structures of the synthesized oxadiazole-thiazole hybrid compounds have been characterized by elemental and spectral (IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and MS) analysis. The reaction can tolerate a wide range of aldehydes to afford the corresponding unsymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The mild reaction conditions, relatively benign nonmetallic oxidant and short reaction time are noteworthy advantages of this methodology.

1 illus, 30 ref

039065   KOTHA S, CHEETAKLA S R (Chemistry Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai- 400 076, Email: srk@chem.iitb.ac.in) : Synthesis of cage heterocycles containing tetrahydrofuran and pyran ring system via Grignard addition and ring-closing metathesis. Indian J Chem Sect- B 2020, 59B(1), 75-84.

Several cage compounds containing tetrahydrofuran and pyran rings have been reported by using the Grignard addition and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. Cage hemiketal derivatives have been generated due to the proximity of two carbonyl groups in cage dione. These cage heterocycles have been derived from readily available starting materials such as1,4-hydroquinone and dicyclopentadiene.

2 illus, 20 ref

039003   MOGHIMI S, MORSALI A, HERAVI M M (Chemistry Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Mashhad- 917 568, Email: almorsali@yahoo.com) : Selenium-capped cyclic peptide nanoparticles for penicillamine drug delivery: A DFT Study. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(1), 43-50.

Using a model for performance of penicillamine (PCA) anti-cancer drug on selenium-cyclic peptide nanoparticle (CPSeNP), 11 noncovalent configurations have been investigated. Se8 ring model and cyclooctaglycine have been used for selenium nanoparticle (SeNP) and cyclic peptide (CP), respectively. Binding energies, quantum molecular descriptors and solvation energies have been studied in gas phase and water at M06-2X /6-31G** level of theory. The calculated energies represent the high-energy stability of CPSeNP/PCA 1-11 configurations. Solvation energies showed that drug solubility increases, which is a major factor for their use in drug delivery. Regarding to quantum molecular descriptors such as hardness and electrophilic power, the drug reactivity increases in the vicinity of SeNP. The QTAIM analysis revealed that intramolecular interaction Se-L (L =O, H, S, C, N) plays an important role in the system. Se-L interaction in all configurations is relevant to weak interactions. The configurations that PCA drug is located in parallel with the carrier (CPSeNP) are more stable than penicillamine-CP or penicillamine-SeNP systems.

4 illus, 4 tables, 58 ref

039002   SHARMA T, SHARMA T, KUMAR A, BAMEZAI R K (Chemistry Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu- 180 006, Email: rkb10@rediffmail.com) : Densimetric, acoustic and viscometric behaviour of sucrose solutions in aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate at different temperatures and ambient pressure. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(1), 31-42.

The thermophysical properties like density, speed of sound and viscosity have been measured for different molalities of sucrose in aqueous and different concentrations of aqueous solutions of an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The results are explained in terms of acoustic parameters like apparent molar volume, apparent molar isentropic compressibility, limiting apparent molar volume, limiting apparent molar isentropic compressibility, limiting apparent molar transfer volume, limiting apparent molar transfer compressibility, hydration number, etc. Further, pair and triplet interaction coefficients, solvation number, viscosity B-coefficients and activation parameters have also been evaluated. The results demonstrate that solute-solvent interactions exist in the ternary system which increases with an increase in ionic liquid concentration.

3 illus, 7 tables, 45 ref

039001   ANANTHANARAYANAN R, RAJINIGANTH M P, SIVARAMAKRISHNA M, PANIGRAHI B S, PANIGRAHI B K (Security and Innovative Sensors Div, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam- 603 102, Email: ran1878@igcar.gov.in) : A novel conductometric titration approach for rapid determination of boron. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(1), 21-30.

In laboratories dealing with radioactive samples it is important to minimize both the sample size and also the associated waste generated in an analysis. To meet this objective a rapid conductometric titration technique is developed to determine boron in the moderators of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR’s). Using this novel PC interfaced titration facility a minimum tenfold reduction in sample size is achieved compared to conventional conductometric titration. Determination of boron is based on the conversion of extremely weak boric acid to better conducting boron mannitol complex and titrating the complex against NaOH. Various parameters affecting the analysis, when moving from large to small sample size, are analyzed and optimized. The technique is primarily proposed for the assay of boron (≥0.5 ppm) during reactor startup. Each analysis requires less than 10 min. The detection limit is 0.5 ppm and the precision obtained at this level is 4.6 % RSD. The technique is a good alternative to less sensitive carminic acid based spectrophotometric method.

11 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

039000   RAHIM A M A, AHMED S A, SOLIMAN E M (Chemistry Dep, Minia Univ, El-Minia-615 11, Egypt, Email: moheyeldin51@gmail.com) : Adsorptive removal of Fe(III) using gallic acid anchored iron magnetic nanoadsorbents synthesized via two different routes under microwave irradiation. Indian J Chem Sect- A 2020, 59A(1), 9-20.

Under microwave solvent free conditions, bare iron magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄-MNPs) have been silica coated,amine functionalized and gallic acid grafted, in presence and absence of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The synthesizedadsorbents in both cases have been followed up by Fourier transform infrared, scan electron microscopy and transmissionelectron microscopy analyses to verify and compare the progress of surface modification. The effects of various parameterson the adsorption efficiency of Fe(III) such as pH of solution, amount of adsorbent and contact time have been studied andoptimized. The adsorbents Fe₃O₄-MNPs-SiO₂-CPTMS-1,2-EDA-GA and MNPs-CPTMS-1,2-EDA-GA exhibit higher Fe(III) capacities (4.980 and 4.700 mmol/g) than their analogous Fe₃O₄-MNPs-SiO₂-APTMS-GA and Fe₃O₄-MNPs-APTMS-GA (4.324 and 4.230 mmol/g). The studies of sorption kinetics showed rapid sorption dynamics by a second-order kinetic model, suggesting chemisorption mechanism. Fe(III) adsorption equilibrium data have been fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The results of medium stability as criteria for potential coating and values of metal uptake capacity support the possibility of the direct use of alkoxysilanes as an alternative to TEOS not only for coating but also for amine functionalization. This is strengthened by almost equal capability of gallic acid anchored adsorbents for extraction of trace concentrations of Fe(III) spiked natural water samples.

11 illus, 5 tables, 48 ref

006480   POKHARIYAL J, MANDAL A, AGGARWAL S G (Delhi Technological Univ, Delhi- 110 042) : Measurement of benzo(a)pyrene in PM10 collected in New Delhi. MAPAN- J Metrol Soc India 2019, 34(4), 465–71.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are the compound which consists of multiple benzene rings bonded in straight, groups or angular forms. They are also found in atmospheric aerosols. In the atmosphere, they can be emitted primarily as a result of incomplete combustion of natural sources (fossil fuels, forest fires, smoke etc.) or anthropogenic sources (coal burning, vehicular emissions, smoke, etc.) or secondarily by atmospheric processes. Depending on the anthropogenic sources, PAHs may occur in significant concentration in urban and industrial ambient air, i.e., bounded with particulate matter (PM). A particle whose aerodynamic diameter is ≤ 10 µm is called PM₁₀. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is among the most toxic and carcinogenic PAHs. Both PM₁₀ and BaP are among the 12 criteria pollutants listed in Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In this paper, BaP concentration in PM₁₀ collected in a representative site of New Delhi was studied during the year 2014–2015. The average concentration of BaP is varied from 0.04 to 25.7 ng m⁻³. The uncertainty components in measurements were also estimated along with statistical analysis. The most significant uncertainty component is the purity of the BaP standard which has the highest uncertainty contribution as 77%.

4 illus, 32 ref

006439   HASSOUNI A E, BACHIRI A E, BELBACHIR C (Chemistry Dep, Mohammed 1st Univ, Oujda, Morocco, Email: a.elhassouni@ump.ac.ma) : Lavandula dentata solid residue from essential oil industry. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 2019, 22(6), 1601-13.

Essential oil industry produces a considerable amount of solid residues during the distillation process. These wastes are very rich in high added-value compounds like polyphenols. In this work, we have tentatively identified the polyphenols present in solid residues from the steam distillation and non-distilled extract of Lavandula dentata, and assessed for it total phenols and total flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was estimated using tree different methods. The antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against sex bacterial strains. Both remarkably high phenolic content and radical scavenging activities were found in the metanolic and ethanolic extracts. In general, the residue material was found to exhibit higher phenolic content as well as antioxidant and radical scavenging activities than the non-distilled material. Finally, We concluded that the methanolic and ethanol residue extracts were a promising source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents that can be exploited as health-promoting compounds in food or in cosmetic products.

6 tables, 26 ref

006503   SUSPARINI N T, ABIDIN Z, ISWANTINI D, NURHIDAYAT N (Chemistry Dep, Bogor Agricultural Univ, Bogor, Indonesia, Email: dyahprado@yahoo.co.id) : Sensitive and stable ethanol biosensor development based on Acetobacter aceti biofilm for halal detection of food and beverages. J Appl Biol Biotechnol 2019, 7(6), 40-7.

A highly sensitive ethanol biosensor based on Acetobacter aceti biofilm, which contains pyrroloquinoline quinone-alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme for halal detection in food and beverages, has been developed. In this study, A. aceti cells were purified by determining the conditions of growth time, incubation temperature, and pH to suppress the yeast growth. Selection of optimum conditions for biofilm formation was also carried out to obtain a stable sensor operation. The optimum biofilm formation was 14 days. The performance of biosensor was investigated by the cyclic voltammetry technique. Linear range, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 5 × 10−5–3 × 10−4 %, 43,076 µA %−1, 2.32 × 10−5, and 7.03 × 10−5 %, respectively. The repeatability of biosensor was tested in 1 × 10−5 − 1% ethanol concentration and the relative standard deviation was 1.08% (for n = 7). The stability studies have shown that the cyclic voltammetry response of biosensor to ethanol leave the act of 98.99% at the 7 week. Thus, the developed biosensor is promising to be used for simple analysis of halal products and has been tested on real sample

7 illus, 3 tables, 45 ref

006462   MISHRA B, UPADHYAY M, KHARE G P (Chemistry Dep, Dr. C. V. Raman Univ, Kota, Bilaspur) : Soil survey in bastar zone with specific analytical study of nutrients in soil composition for high yield. J Comput Math Sci 2019, 10(12), 1719-24.

Classification of soils specifically in zone of Bastar that is Bastar soils is a member of fine lomykaloniytic , isohyperthermic family of lithic haplustalf this series includes moderately deep well drained soil developed over latenite and occurring on level to gently sloping upper piedoment the soil pedon exhibits reddish brown to dark reddish brown sandy clay a horizon grading to BT horizon of dark reddish brown to dark red gravetly clay loam to clay loam with weak to medium by massive unconsolidated laterite. They have poor moisture holding and retentive capacity rooting depth is up to 20cm and moderate permeability. The most of the soils are under bushy and dry mixed vegetation and few patches are of fellow land. Content calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium and few organic composition C,N,P,S all chemical characteristics and ted by fine. These nutrients gravity and concentration should analysed for using high yield or enhance the productivity.

2 tables, 10 ref

006414   BELAY H H (Applied Chemistry Dep, Adama Science and Technology Univ, Adama, Ethiopia, Email: hadgu10@gmail.com) : A biomimetic speciation study of binary complexes of l-phenylalanine and maleic acid with some metal ions in urea- water mixtures. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 196-204.

Speciation of binary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with L-phenylalanineand maleic acid in the presence of Ureawater mixtures in the concentration range of 0–50% v/v has been studied potentiometrically at a temperature of 298K and at an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L−1. The selection of best fit chemical models is based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. The species detected were ML, ML2, and ML2H2for Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). The appropriateness of the experimental conditions was verified by introducing errors deliberately. The models containing different numbers of species were refined by using the computer program MINIQuAD75. The chemical speciation was explained based on the distribution  diagrams  drawn  using HYSS  HYPERQUAD.  The  trend  in  variation of stability constants of  the complexes with dielectric constant of the medium was attributed for the formation and possible structures of the  complex species presented.

9 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

006507   VAIYAPURI N, MURUGAVEL R, SAMIYA S, ARUMUGAM R (Chemistry Dep, A.V.V.M Sri pushpam Coll, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, Email: vnchem14@gmail.com) : Kinetic modelling for the adsorption of Cu(ii) ions onto Cassia fistula(L) epicarp activated carbon. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 192-5.

An  activated  carbon was  prepared  from Cassia  fistula (L)  Epicarpsusing  phosphoric  acid  as  an  activating  agent  and designated  as Cassia  fistula Phosphoric  acid  Activated Carbon (CFPAC).  Adsorption  kinetics  of  copper  (II)  ion  from aqueous solution onto the adsorbent CFPAC was investigated by taking different initial concentrations 10,20,30 and 40 mg/L  at  the  temperature  303K. Kinetic  data  were  fitted with  Lagergren,  Ho and Webber-Morris  equations  for  pseudo first  order  and  pseudo  second  order and  intra  particle  diffusion  models  respectively. According  to  Mean  of  Sum  of Squired  Error  (MSSE)  tool,  the  adsorption  followed  pseudo  second  order  kinetic  equation.  Intra  particle  diffusion  was the rate determining step as per Webber Morris plot constant values.

4 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

006463   MISHRA H, KUMAR K, KAUR G, TEOTIA D (Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, Uttarakhand, Email: gurleensandhu1991@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of liposomes of indomethacin. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 180-5.

Liposomes  are  spherical  shaped  vesicles  having  0.05-5.0  micrometer  in  diameter  consist  of  phospholipids  and cholesterol.  This  novel  drug  delivery  system  aims  to  target  the  drug  directly  to  the  site  of  action.  Liposomes  are biocompatible and stable and have unique property to entrap both hydrophilic drug and lipophilic drug. The aim of the present  study  is  to  formulate  and  evaluate  the  liposomes  of  Indomethacin  using  HPMC,  PVP,  Sodium  lauryl  sulphate which leads to increase the solubility.Various formulations from LS1 to LS7 ofIndomethacinLiposomes were developed using  different  concentrations  of  polymers  like  PVP,  HPMC  etc.  The  Liposomes  were  prepared  by  thin  film  hydration method.  Liposomes  were  characterized  by  polymer  compatibility  by  using  spectral  analysis  of  drug.  The  prepared Liposomes were evaluated for solubility,viscosity determination, entrapment efficiency in vitro drug release and stability studies. Finally, batch LS1 is concluded as optimum formulation.

6 illus, 5 tables, 23 ref

006511   VIJAYAKUMAR R, RAJARAJAN M, THIRUNARAYANAN G (Chemistry Dep, Annamalai Univ, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, Email: drgtnarayanan@gmail.com) : Synthesis and spectral linearity studies of some therapeutically interested substituted hydrazones. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 172-9.

In  the  present  work,  we  report  the  synthesis  of  substituted (E)-2-benzylidene-1-methylhydrazines  by  reaction  of substituted aldehydes with 1-methylhydrazine in the presence of acetic acid using as catalyst.The synthesized compounds are  more  than  80% yield. UV, IR  and NMR  spectral  data  have  been  used  to  identify  the  structure  ofsynthesized compounds. UV, IR and NMR  spectroscopic  data  of  substituted (E)-2-benzylidene-1-methylhydrazineshave  been correlated with Hammett constants and F and  R parameters using linear regression analyses. From the results the effect of substituents has been discussed. The antimicrobial assay of these (E)-2-benzylidene-1-methylhydrazines compounds were studied using Kirby-Bauer method. 

5 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

006508   VELLAISAMY M, SHARMILA M (Chemistry Dep, Rajah Serfoji Government Coll, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, Email: prof.m.vellaisamy@gmail.com) : Oxidative decomposition kinetics of benzanilide by imidazolium fluorochromate. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 167-71.

The  kinetics  of  oxidation  of  benzanilide  by  imidazolium  fluorochromate  (IFC)  has  been  studied  in  65%  water-35% acetic acid  medium. The reaction is  first order with each in imidazolium fluorochromate and hydrogen ion concentration. The reaction is second order with respect to benzanilide.The rate of the reaction increases with decrease in dielectric constant of solvent suggests ion-dipole interaction. Increase in ionic strength by the addition  of  sodium perchlorate has no  effect  on  the  rate  of  the  reaction.  Thereis  no polymerization  with  acrylonitrile  and  absence  of  free radical mechanism was proved. Azobenzene has been identified as a main product of oxidation. The rate of the reaction has  been  conducted  at  five  different  temperatures  and  thermodynamic  parameters have  been  calculated.  Based  on  the kinetic results plausible mechanism has been proposed.

5 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

006434   GEETHA C, RAJAKUMAR P R, CHRISTURAJ P, MANIKANDAN V, ARULKUMARAN R, THIRUNARAYANAN G (Chemistry Dep, Annamalai Univ, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, Email: drgtnaryanan@gmail.com) : Synthesis, spectral correlation study, antibacterial and antifungal activities of substituted 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylisoxazoles. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 156-66.

Different  substituted5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylisoxazole  compounds  have been synthesized by condensation of substituted chalcone compounds using the hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The isoxazole compound structures  are confirmed by various spectral  analyses.These  5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylisoxazoles have been characterized from the physical constants, UV, FT-IR, 1H  and 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The above compound spectral values correlated by using the Hammett constants and Swain’s Lupton parameters. The  microbial  activities  of  the synthesized isoxazole were evaluated.

5 illus, 5 tables, 31 ref

006457   MAKWANA A H, MAKWANA H R (St.Xavier’s Coll, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: makwana_atul@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some novel thiazolidinone derivatives. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 91-5.

Thiazolidine is a five membered ring with one nitrogen and one sulphur atoms. Hydrazides and their hetrocyclized derivatives also found to passes an important role in biological activities. Thiazolidinone derivatives showed good pharmacological properties. On the basis of literature study the objective of the present work was to prepare new derivatives of hydrazide containing thiazolidine moiety. In the present work we have prepared 12 novel thiazolidinone derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were analyzed by IR, ¹H-NMR and Mass spectral analysis. The entire series of synthesized compounds was evaluated for their biological activities.

2 tables, 13 ref

006422   CHOUDHARY S, BHATNAGAR N, SINGH M (Chemistry Dep, Manipal Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: sanjanchoudhary@yahoo.com) : Surfactant assisted silica- graphene composite as effective adsorbent against methylene blue dye. J Adv Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 83-90.

Surfactant based composites have good capability for elimination of colored pollutants from industrial waste water. In this study, two different Silica-Graphene (SG) and Surfactant assisted Silica-Graphene (SSG) composites was prepared by sol-gel technique and used as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorption properties of prepared composite materials were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray phase diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The adsorbent characteristic property of the composites was studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and zeta potential measurements. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of percentage removal versus contact time on dye adsorption properties at different pH. The developed colloidal silica-graphene was porous structure with a size > 200 nm is uniformly distributed and significantly enhances adsorption capacity. The isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption data can be represented by Langmuir isotherm model. Surface charge of developed composite was assessed by Zeta potential measurement result showed negative charge -28.3mV at all pH value. The results show that the electrostatic interaction between cationic dyes and the negative surface of composite has a great effect on adsorption capacity.

12 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

006466   MONDAL P, SUKUL N C, KONAR A, SARKAR T, SOHEL M A, SENGUPTA A, CHAKRABORTY I, SUKUL A (Sukul Institute of Homeopathic Research, West Bengal- 731 235, Email: ncsukul@gmail.com) : Cannabis as homeopathic medicine in extreme dilutions: Thermal analysis for their differentiation and action on a protein. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(6), 506-13.

Cannabis indica and C. sativa have been used in homeopathy in extreme dilutions, called potencies, for therapeutic purposes since 1841. The purpose of the present study is to see whether Cannabis dilutions have specific levels of free water molecules which characterize other homeopathic potencies. The second objective is to see whether Cannabis mother tincture (MT) and potencies act on the binding sites of a protein. The three potencies 8, 14 and 32 cH were prepared from Cannabis mother tincture (MT) by successive dilution followed by succussion in 8, 14 and 32 steps, respectively. The 3 potencies of diluent medium 90% EtOH were similarly prepared. Each potency was analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the free water level in it. The drug potencies and unpotentised EtOH were tested for their binding reaction with a protein human serum albumin (HSA) by isothermal calorimetry (ITC). MTs and the potencies differ from each other and also from water control and EtOH with respect to free water content as revealed by DSC. MTs, their potencies and EtOH bind to HSA showing difference in thermodynamic parameters in terms of stoichiometry, binding constant, change in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. Potencies may initiate their individual effect through binding with a protein thereby leading to subsequent biochemical events inside the cell.

5 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

006425   DEEKALA V, BABU B K, RUDRARAJU R (Chemistry Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Guntur- 522 510, Email: rraju1@gmail.com) : Pharmacological studies of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(6), 500-5.

In this paper, we focused on the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles by using a chemical method. The characterization of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles are determined by different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, DRS, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. Further, the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic studies also performed towards different bacterial species like Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, fungi like Aspergillus niger and MCF-7 Breast Cancer cell line.

8 illus, 4 tables, 42 ref

006417   CHATTOPADHYAY D K (Biochemistry Dep, West Bengal Univ of Health Sciences, Kolkata- 700 064, Email: drpadhyay1976@rediffmail.com) : Serum glutamine synthetase activity as biomarker for tuberculosis diagnosis and monitoring anti-tubercular drug therapy success. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(6), 427-32.

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in developing countries. It is one of the most widely spread human diseases globally. While the new diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) have created greater interest, their full impact on global propaganda against tuberculosis is yet to be evaluated. Most of the TB cases are prevalent in the underdeveloped and developing regions of the world where the means to diagnose and to treat TB cases are limited. As a result, the infectious TB cases might remain undiagnosed or diagnosed late. So, the need of the hour is to launch a rapid but simple, inexpensive, sensitive and specific test to diagnose TB cases at the earliest. The abundant presence of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the culture filtrate of pathogenic mycobacteria has correlation with the occurrence of poly L-glutamate/glutamine component in the cell wall of these pathogenic mycobacteria but not in non-pathogenic mycobacteria. The GS seems to be stable in the infected host and also is present in host tissues and fluid. GS is demonstrated to be present in the serum of subjects suffering from pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; but not detectable at all in normal control and disease control (lung disease control) subjects. With anti-tubercular (A-TB) drug therapy in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tubercular subjects, the serum GS levels fall significantly. To confirm that only the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) GS is being assayed, the serum GS activity may be assayed in the presence of L-methionine-S, R-sulfoximine (MSO), a selective inhibitor of M. tuberculosis GS. The concentration of this inhibitor is so selected that it is sufficient to inhibit mycobacterial GS activity but not the human (mammalian) GS activity. It increases the specificity of the test. Thus, an ELISA or latex agglutination test might be inducted to assay the serum GS activity for the rapid and reliable detection of active or latent tubercular subjects and also detecting the presence of drug sensitivity or the emergence of resistance against A-TB drugs. Nevertheless, for rapid field study, the card assay technique might be implemented; where when a drop of serum from a suspected subject be placed on the substrate for GS; a definite colour change would mark the test positive. The assay for serum GS requires only a sample of serum from the patient and takes only few minutes to perform. Therefore, the results will be available instantaneously when the patient is at the medical facility centre or even at home and this will curtail the number of visits to the medical facility centre. This is really advantageous in developing and underdeveloped countries where in many cases the patients do not have the capability of making multiple visits to the medical facility centre. The test procedure can also be used as an assay to monitor the response and success of antitubercular drug therapy. The procedure can very well indicate whether the treatment is successful or a change in the antibiotic drug therapy would be needed.

3 tables, 17 ref