006465   MOMEN A A, MAHMOUD M H, ALI D M H, ALOTAIBI S H, KHALID M A, ELSHEIKH M A (Chemistry Dep, Turabah Univ, Turbah, Saudi Arabia, Email: aamomena@yahoo.com) : Validation of microwave and ICP parameters for assessment of selected toxic trace elements in fresh fruits from Turabah Valley of Saudi Arabia. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2793-2800.

The analytical parameters of the microwave assisted oven and of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method were extensively studied and well validated in terms of spectral lines (nm), linearity (R² ), accuracy (recovery %), precision (RSDs), detection and quantification limits (LODs and LOQs). The validated analytical method was used to determine the contents of selected toxic trace elements (TTEs) in fresh fruit samples from Turabah Valley of Saudi Arabia. Samples were digested by a microwave-assisted oven at the ratio of 1:2.5 (v/v) (H₂O₂:HNO₃). The R² > 0.9990 or better, the recovery (%) were within the acceptable range (100 ± 8), the RSDs were below 4 %, the LODs and the LOQs were ranged between 0.0005-0.0556 mg kg^-1 and 0.003-0.174 mg L^-1, respectively. It was found that Al, Mn, Pb, As and Cd were detected in most analyzed samples, while Co, Ni and Cr were below the detection limits of the method. A considerable variation were observed with regard to TTEs concentrations in different studied fruit samples. TTEs content of fruits were compared with those of soil and well water samples in the same area. Elevated levels of Al were obtained in some fruit samples, while other elements were within the critical safety levels specified by the FAO/WHO/SASO. Some physico-chemical properties such as moisture, ash and total solid contents (%) of fruits were also estimated and compared with the reference values. The results indicate that the developed ICP method was well suited for determination of toxic and/or nutrient trace elements in fruits and possibly similar matrices.

2 illus, 6 tables, 35 ref

006492   ROSLI A R, LOH S H, YUSOFF F (Malaysia Terengganu Univ, Terengganu, Malaysia, Email: farhanini@umt.edu.my) : Synthesis and characterization of magnetic Fe₃O₄/reduced graphene oxide and its application in determination of dopamine. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2785-92.

An electrochemical sensor to determine dopamine in the human body was fabricated based on modified iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide/glassy carbon electrode (Fe₃O₄/r-GO/GCE). Determination of dopamine is significance nowadays as the abnormal level may cause various mental health diseases as well as Parkinson’s disease. The Fe₃O₄/r-GO nanocomposite was synthesized via Hummer’s method with a slight modification and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET). The presence of Fe₃O₄ onto the surface of r-GO was confirmed by SEM analysis which shows the bulky porous sponge-like structure attached to an exfoliated sheet of r-GO. FTIR analysis proved the presence of the functional group in existing composites via oxidation process of graphene oxide and reduction process of reduced graphene oxide while the crystalline form of Fe₃O₄/r-GO was determined using XRD analysis. The diffraction peaks index to the cubic phase was noticeable indicating the successful crystallization of the composites. The catalytic activity of bare GCE and modified GCE (Fe₃O₄/r-GO/GCE) were observed using electrochemical characterization of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with optimum pH of 7, a concentration of 100 µM, and the scan rate of 250 mV s^-1. The observed DPV response linearly depends on dopamine concentration in the range of 20-100 µM, with correlation coefficients of 0.9876. The detection limit obtained for the real sample analysis was found to be 0.569 µM while the limit of quantitation was 1.897 µM. The percentage of recovery, repeatability and reproducibility was 113, 82.81 and 7.19 %, respectively.

8 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

006496   SENGUPTA S, BANERJI A (Chemistry Dep, Chandernagore Coll, Hooghly- 712 136, Email: sngsumana@gmail.com) : [3+2] Cycloadditions: Part XXXIV: Further investigations of cycloadditions of C,N -diaryl- and C-aryl-N-methyl nitrones to α, β-unsaturated esters. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2777-84.

Investigations of [3+2] cycloadditions of C,N-diaryl and C-aryl-N-methyl nitrones as three atom components (TAC) to substituted methyl E-cinnamates and diethyl arylidene malonates have been further investigated. [3+2] Cycloadditions of cinnamates yielded mixtures of cycloadducts, the major products being the 3,4-trans-4,5-trans-2,3,5-triaryl-4-carbomethoxy products originating from the endo-carbonylexo-aryl meta channel approach of the cinnamate component. [3+2] Cycloadditions to diethyl arylidene malonates furnished single cycloadducts-3,5-trans-2-methyl-3,5-diaryl-4,4-dicarbethoxy isoxazolidines by a endo-aryl meta channel approach of the 2π-component.

2 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

006412   BABU M A, MOHAN G V K, NARESH N, RAJU C K, MANKUMARE S D (Chemistry Dep, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram- 522 502, Email: ajaymakineni@yahoo.co.in) : Identification and characterization of forced degradation products for dofetilide using rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method and HRMS studies. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2763-9.

A simple, rapid and efficient method has been developed and validated using ultra UPLC combined with Q-ToF MS system for recognition and characterization of forced degradation products obtained from dofetilide degradation studies. The dofetilide drug is an antiarrhythmic and belongs to Class III and it was treated with various stress conditions like acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions as per ICH guidelines. The main drug shows extensive degradation towards oxidative degradation conditions and single degradation product was identified through chromatogram. The chromatographic separation among main and its impurities were attained through 2.1 × 150, 1.8 µm column from gradient elution using UPLC and its detection at wavelength 230 nm. The validation was performed for the developed method using various parameters like specificity, linearity and robustness studies. Waters Synapt G2 Q TOF system was used and performed MSⁿ studies to establish mass spectral fragmentation pathway for drug and its degradation products and determined accurate masses study. The efficiency of this method was helpful to identify and characterize the drug and degradation products using LC/MSⁿ techniques.

5 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

006471   NGAN T T K, HUONG N C, LE X T, LONG P Q, TOAN T Q, VO D M H , DANH V T, TRUNG L N Y, TRIEU T A (Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: anhtt@ntt.edu.vn) : Physico-Chemical characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils grown in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2759-62.

Composition of rosemary essential oil largely depends on the geographical position of the cultivated plant and conditions of the extraction process. In this study, fresh rosemary leaves were used for extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation and evaluation of chemical compositions and physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained oil were performed. The yield of essential oil was 1.0 %. The physicochemical parameters showed specific gravity (0.8978 g/cm3 ), acid index (1.122 mg KOH/g), ester index (15.708 mg KOH/g) and refractive index (1.464). Twenty three components were identified in Rosmarinus officinalis L. oil. The major components were α-pinene (35.54 %), eucalyptol (20.902 %), camphene (4.384 %), bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one (7.794 %), caryophyllene (1.225 %), endo-borneol (4.147 %) and bornyl acetate (4.065 %). Present study unveiled differences in the chemical composition of Vietnamese rosemary oil comparing with similar studies carried out in other countries.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

006478   PATEL U S, CHAUHAN R S, SINGH S, RAMAKANT, RAJAK A, SRIVASTAVA S (Chemistry Dep, Allahabad Univ, Prayagraj- 211 002, Email: uday.auchem16@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of some new [RR′Sel] complexes (L = macrocyclic ligand): A photoelectron spectroscopic study (part-II). Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2753-8.

Forty eight complexes of type [RR′SeL] (where R = R′ = CH₃; R = R′ = n-C₄H₉; R = R′ = n-C₈H₁₇; R = R′ = i-C₃H₇; R = R′ = C₆H₅; R = C₆H₅, R′ = C₂H₅; R = C₆H₅, R′ = CH₃ and R = C₆H₅, R′ = CH₂Cl; L = newly prepared macrocyclic ligands) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR and XPS data. An octahedral geometry was established for all these prepared complexes.

3 illus, 1 table, 37 ref

006469   NEENA P K, POONGOTHAI N, ABHIRAMI P R (Sciences Dep, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore- 641 112, Email: neenamurali77@gmail.com) : Efficiency of Alstonia schoalris leaves on mild steel in acid medium as pickling inhibitor. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2745-52.

This work aims to find the inhibition efficiency of Alstonia schoalris leaves on mild steel in 1N HCl medium. Corrosion monitoring was done using weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization studies like Tafel and impedance studies and the results shows that the inhibitor acts well on mild steel in acidic medium. Polarization studies show that the inhibitor behaves like a mixed type. The inhibitor was characterized using FTIR which showed the presence of hetero atoms in the inhibitor molecule that get adsorbed on metal surface and provided better efficiency and that was proven by different adsorption isotherm. Zeta potential showed the stability of particle in the medium. Surface analysis of specimen was studied using FESEM, EDX and contact angle measurements. The analysis showed that the surface exposed to inhibitor is less corroded and contact angle measurement showed hydrophilic nature of the surface.

11 illus, 5 tables, 63 ref

006509   VERMA A, KUMAR V, KATARIA R, SINGH J (Chemistry Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwar Univ, Mullana- 133 201, Email: joginderchem@mmumullana.org) : Novel acetohydrazide pyrazole derivatives: Design, synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2740-4.

Eleven acetohydrazide linked pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via condensation of acetohyadrazide with different substituted formyl pyrazole derivatives under mild reaction conditions. Synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of IR, NMR (¹ H & ¹³C) and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activities of all the compounds were screened against four bacterial and two fungal strains. Among the synthesized compounds, three compounds viz. 6b, 6c and 6d were found as efficient antimicrobial agents in reference to the standard drugs viz. ciprofloxacin and amphotericin-B. Further, structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that electron-withdrawing group enhances the antimicrobial potential of synthesized derivatives as compared to other groups present in the ring. Hence, among compounds 6b-c, compound 6d could be explored further against other microbes to prove its vitality.

1 table, 18 ref

006424   DASARI S R, TONDEPU S, VADALI L R, SEELAM N V (Chemistry Dep, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur- 522 502, Email: dasari43.srinivas@gmail.com) : Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel pyrazole benzimidazole derivatives as potent antibacterial agents. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2733-9.

A novel series of pyrazole benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and the structure of the final targets 4a-h were confirmed by IR, Mass, ¹³C NMR and ¹ H NMR spectral analysis. The new pyrazole core with imidazole and benzimidazoles derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal activity against six bacterial strains significantly. In dispersion, 4c, 4f and 4g had the highest antibacterial activities on these microorganisms Bacillus subtilis B29, Escherichia coli E266, with zone of inhibition 21, 19 and 19 mm, respectively. Compounds 4a, 4c, 4h shows good antifungal activity against A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum fungal strains. Further, molecular docking for protein ligands interactions was performed using the crystal structure of C(30) carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase from Staphylococcus aureus complexed with bisphosphonate BPH-700. Among the final compounds 4e, 4g and 4h show highest binding energy ∆G = -7.89, -7.48 and -7.08 Kcal/mol, respectively and amino acid interactions Lys273, Asp27.

1 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

006450   KUMAR M, SHARMA S, TULI H S, KHARE R, PARKASH V (Chemistry Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwar Univ, Ambala- 134 003, Email: manojraju27@gmail.com) : A novel synthesis, characterization and biological studies of ferrocenyl substituted pyrazoles. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2729-32.

It has been discovered that ferrocenyl substituted heterocyclic compounds have wide scope of restorative methodology. The combination of ferrocenyl substituted pyrazole is the new class in these compounds with upgraded natural activity. This work center around blend of ferrocenyl substituted pyrazoles through novel course. The combination of 1-phenyl-3-ferrocenyl-pyrazole was examined including addition-cyclocondensation like response conditions. The response continued through three phases using of expansion cyclo-buildup of acetyl ferrocene with phenyl hydrazine pursued by cyclizing reagent iodine with NaHCO₃. In both syntheses, each time single product isolated having good yields (87 and 79 %). Ferrocenyl substituted pyrazoles were examined by spectroscopic techniques (1 H NMR, IR, MS) and their biological properties have been screened.

1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

006467   MUCHIPALI S, PRADHAN R K, MOHAPATRA P, NANDA B B (Chemistry Dep, Vikram Deb Autonomous College, Jeypore-764001, Email: priya_chem@vssut.ac.in) : Thermoacoustic parameters determination of intermolecular free-length of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride in mixed solvents at T= (298.15 to 313.15) k. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2719-24.

The intermolecular free-length of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride [bdmim]Cl in pure water as well as in tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) + water at different concentrations of solute and at T = (298.15 to 313.15) K have been evaluated by making use of ultrasonic and thermoacoustical parameters followed by a comparative study. To accomplish this objective, thermoacoustical parameters for the above said solutions have been calculated. These parameters have been used to determine intermolecular free-length (L_f) for the solutions under study. The values of L_f obtained by thermoacoustical approach were tallied with the values obtained by well-known ultrasonic method (Schaaffs method). To the best of our understanding, this study is an innovative attempt in the determination of intermolecular free-length present in the investigated solutions by making use of ultrasonic approach.

8 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

006494   SAHU R K, PERVEZ S, MATAWLE J L, BANO S, PERVEZ Y F (Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur- 492 010, Email: shamshpervez@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical characteristics and sources of ambient aerosol in India during 2001-2015: A review. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2707-18.

From the last few decades, the studies related to source apportionment of airborne particulate matter (PM) have gain more attention among global scientific community including India. The outcomes from these studies are utilized for better and effective policy design to control pollution level. However, these source apportionment results have been shown much divergence for India due to differences in sampling technique, analytical methods, selection of source maker chemical species, and application of mathematical and statistical methods, etc. So, this review presents the trends and advancement of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 particles source apportionment studies for special perspective of India for better understanding of these above highlighted issues. The ambient PM2.5 and PM10 source investigations related earlier research articles and reports from various regulatory agencies which published between the years of 2000 to 2015 for India were selected and categorized into three plateau regions for review. Few studies were carried out with source apportionment centered objectives for ambient PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration and maximum reported studies were confined to address aerosol mass concentration and its chemical characterization to evaluate spatiotemporal variation. Higher number of data were reported for the IndoGangetic plain (IGP) region during the year of 2005 to 2007 with the annual average range from 56.2 to 136 µg m-3 and 134 to 306 µg m-3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The annual average for ambient PM2.5 and PM10 levels has been raised about 50 % and 14 %, respectively during the first fifteen years of 21st century in Indian environment. The carbonaceous matter (TC) has been found as the major component of PM mass in Indian environment. The carbonaceous matter was reported as major abundant species which was about > 50 % of PM_2.5 mass concentration with OC/EC ratio > 1. The distribution of different PM_2.5 chemical components were reported to be 7 ± 15 %, 1 ± 3 %, 46 ± 49 %, 34 ± 24 % and 12 ± 9%, for crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, Si), trace elements (Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb), ionic (Na⁺ , NH₄ ⁺ , Cl⁻ , NO₃ ⁻ and SO₄ ²⁻ ) and carbonaceous matter fractions, respectively. The following six major contributing sources for ambient PM_2.5 pollution in India have been found during the assessment period i.e. road traffic emissions as the major contributor, followed by marine aerosols/sea salt, crustal, industrial emissions, secondary aerosols and biomass burning emissions.

7 illus, 5 tables, 87 ref

006454   LEONIDOVNA S N, ALEXANDROVICH T D, NIKOLAYEVNA B K, KAMILEVNA G S, PAVLOVNA L A, FITSEV IGOR' MIKHAYLOVICH, BELOV TIMUR GENNAD'YEVICH (Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan- 420 111, Email: lapanovich@mail.ru) : Phytochemical contents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Gnaphalium uliginosum L. ethanolic extract and essential oil for agricultural uses. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2672-8.

Gnaphalium uliginosum L. (Asteraceae) is widely used in phytotherapy and has a potential for agricultural utilization. The ethanolic extract was obtained from the maceration of air-dried plants, and the extract was then filtered and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The essential oil was pressed from freshly harvested and crushed, aerial part of plants. The chemical compositions of ethanolic extract and essential oil of G. uliginosum L. (EOG) were investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Nine constituents accounted for 77.3 % of the total detected components were determined at the ethanolic extract with a high proportion of sterols 42.8%, fatty acids 24.1 %, triterpenes 14.4 %. Twenty constituents were identified in essential oil of G. uliginosum L.; with α-pinene and estragole accounting for 54.0 %. The ethanolic extract was found to have a moderate antimicrobial activity (MIC values varied from 125 to 500 µg/mL), for S. aureus, B. cereus and A. solani significant activity (less than 62.5 µg/mL). The essential oil was found to have a moderate (MICs 500-1000 µg/mL) and strong activities (31.3-250 µg/mL). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using chemiluminescent assay. The ethanolic extract of G. uliginosum L. acted as a medium-strength antioxidant at concentrations of less than 0.1 mg/mL. The essential oil made be regarded as a weak strength antioxidant.

1 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

006485   RAGASA C Y, GUMAFELIX R D, NG V A S, CAMACHO D H (Chemistry Dep, De La Salle Univ, Manila- 1004, Email: consolacion.ragasa@dlsu.edu.ph) : Triterpenes and sterols from Terminalia foetidissima Griff. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2669-71.

Terminalia foetidissima Griff. is a tree native of the Philippines. Chemical investigation of dichloromethane extract of the leaves of T. foetidissima has led to the isolation of cycloeucalenol, squalene, long-chain hydrocarbons and a mixture of 24-methylenepollinastanol , β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in about 4:3:1 ratio. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by comparison of its NMR data with those reported in the literature. The structures of compounds 2-6 were identified by comparison of their NMR data with literature data.

1 illus, 25 ref

006475   PANG T-T, ZHANG X-Y (Shanxi Normal Univ, Linfen- 041 004, Email: ptt801203@126.com) : Detection of colchicine using p-sulfonated calix[4]arene modified electrode. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2663-8.

Complex characteristics of p-sulfonated calix[4]arene (SC4A) and colchicine were examined using various techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results enabled observation of the colchicine-SC4A interaction, and indicated that SC4A had high sensitivity to colchicine with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 2 × 10^-9 mol L^-1. Cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the structural matching effect and the electrostatic interaction were the dominant stabilizing factors for the host-guest complexes of colchicine and SC4A. Molecular mechanics simulation showed that the benzene ring of colchicine entered the SC4A cavity. The sensor enabled selective determination of colchicine even in the presence of common interferences. The results indicated that it was more difficult to oxidize the non-electrochemically active complexes. This study showed that p-sulfonated calix[4]arene can be used in the detoxification of colchicine poisoning and may be effective in the clinical treatment of colchicine poisoning in the future.

9 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

006435   GHOSH D (Chemistry Dep, Vivekananda Mission Mahavidyalaya, Haldia- 721 645, Email: dipesh105@hotmail.com) : An unusual Cu(II) mediated C–N single bond cleavage of pentacoordinating N₄S ligands: Control of copper coordination geometry by modified ligand structure. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2653-62.

Complexation of copper(II) with penta-coordinated N4S ligands in alcohols proceeded through unusual reaction paths involving C-N bond cleavage process. The products are square planar compound with a modified ligand structure that includes an alkoxy group provided by the solvent. The complexes are characterized by single crystal XRD, elemental analyses, IR, UV-visible and EPR spectroscopic techniques. Cyclic voltammetry shows Cu(II)/Cu(I) reduction becomes more difficult with the increase in donor strength of alkoxy group.

8 illus, 5 tables, 43 ref

006486   RAJENDER O, NARSIMHA S, REDDY N V (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal- 506 009, Email: vasujac3@gmail.com) : Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of new 2h-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4h)-one based 1,2,3-triazoles. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2647-52.

A series of novel 2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-one derived from 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives (4a-j and 5a-j) were synthesized using Cu(I) catalyzed azide alkyne cyclization (CuAAC) reaction of the compounds 2 and 3 with various aromatic azides. The examination of in vitro anticancer activity revealed that the compounds 4d and 5d were found to possess a broad spectrum of anticancer activity against three cell lines MCF-7, HeLa and IMR-32 with IC50 values ranging from 26.28 ± 1.5 to 32.06 ± 0.3 M mL^-1, respectively. The remaining compounds have shown good to moderate activity against the tested cell lines.

1 table, 41 ref

006443   JEYALEELA G D, VIMALA J R, SENTHIL R, ANANDAGOPU P, MANJULA K (PG and Research Chemistry Dep, Holy Cross Coll, Tiruchirappalli- 620 002, Email: princedayana1221@gmail.com) : Isolation, characterization, molecular docking and in vitro studies of inhibitory effect on the growth of struvite crystal derived from Melia dubia leaf extract. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2628-34.

Present work aimed to isolate bioactive principle and its inhibitory potential against struvite stone by single diffusion method as well as docking studies to determine the mode of interaction between the complex structure of urease and rutin. Flavonoid compound is isolated from Melia dubia leaf extract with the help of TLC and column chromatography, and then characterized by ¹ H & ¹³C NMR, and LC-MS. Inhibitory potential of isolated flavonoid against kidney stone (struvite) is confirmed by molecular docking approach. Rutin acts as a urease inhibitor and the residues of urease namely 463Asp and 466 Ala were found to bind with rutin through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. In vitro study, the results revealed that with an increase in concentration of flavonoid rutin (1-5 mg/mL) the weight of the harvested crystals were gradually reduced from 2.8 cm to 0.5 cm and weight 0.662 g to 0.322 g at 5 mg/mL concentration. The XRD result of C+5 shows well inhibition on struvite crystal in all the planes and in SEM analysis, rutin inhibited crystal, surface of the crystal was damaged, whereas control shows pure and no defects on it.

12 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

006491   RAO S V, POTLURI V K, POTLURI R B (R&D Center, Rangareddy- 500 047, Email: venkat@smspharma.com) : A newfangled synthesis of integrase inhibitor drug substance raltegravir potassium. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2618-22.

Raltegravir sodium synthesis was achieved from its one of the key starting materials with retro synthetic approach, in which without using its critical starting material chemically known as 5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carbonyl chloride and which is more unstable during the synthesis of raltegravir potassium. Almost all the existed literatures commonly using this starting material in its synthesis even it is having a stability issue and hence to achieve a stable and economically viable synthesis. The current research describes a new route of synthesis by constructing an oxadiazole ring in a retro synthetic manner.

24 ref

006433   GAUTAM R K, SINGH C P, PRASAD S G, SAXENA R, RAO D P (Chemistry Dep, D.A.V. (P.G.) Coll, Kanpur- 208 001, Email: devendraprataprao@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel molybdenum complexes with macrocyclic Schiff base derived from furanylethanedione. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2607-12.

A new MoO2(VI) complex of formulation [MoO₂(L)](acac)₂ prepared by a Schiff base, synthesized via reaction of di-2-furanylethanedione with 5-chloropyridine-2,3-diamine and four new MoO2(VI) complexes having formule [MoO₂(ML)](acac)₂, derived from cyclization of [MoO₂(L)](acac)₂ with β-diketones are reported in this work. The synthesized MoO₂(VI) complexes were characterized on the basis of various analyses like thermal studies, UV-Vis, elemental analyses, NMR, IR and molar conductance. The coordination number of molybdenum metal is six. All the MoO₂(VI) complexes have distorted octahedral structure in which Mo atom is coordinated with two O-atoms and four N-atoms. All the complexes show moderate activity against S. typhi and S. aureus. Advancement in the antibacterial task is thought to be of chelation speculation.

2 illus, 3 tables, 53 ref

006495   SARI S A, JASMIDI, KEMBAREN A, ILMI A N (Chemistry Dep, State Univ of Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia, Email: sriadelilasari@unimed.ac.id) : Development of eco-friendly fingerprint visualization using herb. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2601-6.

This study was aimed to develop an environmental-friendly fingerprint visualization using turmeric herb. The turmeric powder size was in the range of 60-200 mesh. The dusting method was done by applying turmeric powder to glass surface, aluminum foil, transparent plastic, plastic cups and compact disk (CD) surfaces that have sebum content from fingerprint samples. This study was also compared with the small particle reagent (SPR) of ninhydrin. The SPR method was done by spraying ninhydrin solution on A4 white paper and doorslag paper. The results of this study indicated that form of fingerprint obtained has the following pattern: radial loop (16.6 %), ulnar loop (63.3 %), tented arch (1.6 %), twinted loop (1.6 %) and plain whorl (16.6 %). The results showed that the turmeric powder dusting method gave a low contrast with yellow colour while ninhydrin SPR provides high contrast with Ruhemann’s purple.

11 illus, 20 ref

006455   LEVINA I I, GRIDNEV A A (Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Email: 99gridnev@gmail.com) : Practical synthesis of 1,8-naphthyridine-2,7-dialdehydes syntone. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2596-600.

Several synthetic approaches for synthesizing 1,8-naphthyridines were tested. Reliable protocols for synthesis of some new 1,8- naphthyridine-2,7-dialdehydes were developed starting from 2-amino-6-methylpyridine and acetoacetate. The dialdehyde were found to react with pyrrole to form either a polymer or a macrocycle depending on conditions.

14 ref

006483   QUYEN N T C, NGAN T T K, DAO T P, ANH P N Q, ANH N Q, THI N-T N, NGOC T T L, NHAN L T H, TRUC T T, PHUONG L T B (Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: lthnhan@hcmut.edu.vn) : Essential oil hydrodistillation process from Vietnamese calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peels and GC/MS analysis of essential oils components. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2585-8.

The essential oil of Citrus microcarpa peels was applied in many fields, and the methods to improve the efficiency of citrus exploitation were increasingly concerned. In this study, citrus essential oil was extracted from calamondin by hydrodistillation. This study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting the distillation of essential oils. The highest performance of the distillation process was 2.45 % with optimal conditions (material-water ratio of 1:3 g/mL, time of 2 h, the temperature of 120 ºC). Moreover, calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) peels oil extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The primary compound of calamondin essential oil include limonene 96.925 %, β-myrcene 1.424 %, 1R-α-pinene 0.561 %, cyclohexene 0.343 %, 1R-α-pinene 0.561 % and β-cubebene 0.598 %.

2 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

006408   ALHARTHI A I (Chemistry Dep, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ, Al-Kharj- 11942, Email: a.alharthi@psau.edu.sa) : Efficient catalytic performance of calcined tungstophosphoric acid for the Claisen-Schmidt condensation under solvent-free reaction. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2579-84.

Effect of calcination of tungstophosphoric acid catalyst was evaluated in terms of the synthesis of chalcone derivatives via ClaisenSchmidt condensation using the reaction of acetophenone and several substituted aldehydes. The catalyst was characterized before and after calcination by FT-IR to assess the effectiveness of the synthesis of the desired products. The calcined tungstophosphoric acid catalyst (HPW-CL) showed a better performance and high yield of Claisen-Schmidt products in a short period of time. It was also found out that the calcined tungstophosphoric acid provides a chemo selective, efficient and environmentally benign synthesis of chalcone in an excellent yield in a solvent-free system.

2 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

006498   SHARMA S K, POONAM, SHARMA N (Chemistry Dep, Himachal Pradesh Univ, Shimla- 171 005, Email: drsklomesh@rediffmail.com) : Viscometric and conductometric studies of doxycycline hyclate in water, aqueous glycine and l-alanine solutions at different temperatures. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2557-66.

To investigate the behaviour of doxycycline hyclate in water, aqueous glycine and aqueous L-alanine solutions, the viscometric and conductometric studies have been conducted at different temperatures. Viscosity data has been used to derive the Jones-Dole viscosity Bcoefficient, temperature derivative of B-coefficient (dB/dT), viscosity B-coefficient of transfer (∆trB), free energy of activation of viscous flow per mole of solvent (∆µ1 o*) and solute (∆µ2 o*) respectively, activation entropy (∆S2 o*) and activation enthalpy (∆H2 o*). Conductance data has been used to compute Walden product (Λm o ηo) and temperature coefficient of Walden product (dΛm o ηo/dT) for doxycycline hyclate in water, and in aqueous glycine and aqueous L-alanine solution. The positive values of B-coefficient, ∆trB indicate the prevailing of hydrophilicionic interactions in the systems under examination. The negative values of dB/dT and positive values of temperature coefficient of Walden product infer structure maker tendency of doxycycline hyclate in water, and in aqueous glycine and aqueous L-alanine solution. Transfer energy parameters indicate the breaking of intermolecular bonds in transition state which means that formation of activated complex is unfavourable.

4 illus, 6 tables, 39 ref

006451   KUMAR P S, KUMAR K B, OBADIAH A, KUMAR S J, MOHANAPRIYA R, DURAIRAJ A, RAMANATHAN S, VASANTHKUMAR S (Chemistry Dep, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore- 641 114, Email: vasanthakumar@karunya.edu) : Synthesis, molecular docking, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity evaluation of isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2548-56.

A variety of amines have been employed to functionalize isobenzofuran-1,3-dione to obtain isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives in the base free conditions. All the synthesized compounds are screened for their bioactivity through molecular docking, cytotoxicity (against HeLa) and antioxidant activity. ABTS and DPPH are employed to assess the antioxidant activity. Among the synthesized isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives (3a-k), compound 3e has showed the best antioxidant activity and also exhibited better binding energy when docked with caspase-3 protein. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was studied against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and compound 3e has displayed better activity than other isoindoline derivatives.

6 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

006458   MAMGAIN R (Chemistry Dep, Modern Coll of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pune- 411 007, Email: ritumamgain@gmail.com) : Cu(I) catalyzed coumarin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids: Click chemistry. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2543-7.

A series of novel coumarin-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized in good yield via click chemistry using Cu(I) catalyzed intermolecular Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. All the synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically. This piece of work could be helpful to develop biologically relevant coumarin analogs.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

006497   SHARMA A, SHARMA S K, RANI A (Pure and Applied Chemistry Dep, Kota Univ, Kota- 324 005, Email: ankit@uok.ac.in) : Study of ratio variation of binary components of cross linking agent on extent of polymerization and mechanical properties of polyurethane composites. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2537-42.

Polyethylene glycol based polyurethane polymer and its fly ash reinforced polyurethane composite were prepared by optimizing the concentration ratio of binders, cross linking agents and curing agents. The components ratio of cross linking agents with the same hydroxyl functionalities i.e. 1,4-butane diol and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane affects the mechanical properties of polymer. The extent of polymerization of polyurethane matrix and fly ash reinforced polyurethane composite was found to be independent of the component ratio of cross linking agents. PEG based polyurethane polymer and their fly ash-reinforced composite can be synthesized at particular ratio by mass of cross linking agents i.e. 0.5 keeping constant w/w ratio 3:2 of binders and curing agents. Effect of w/w ratio variation of cross linking agents on the extent of polymerization has been studied through SEM technique. Cross linking agents, curing agents and polyurethane composite have been characterized by IR spectra. Effect of w/w ratio variation of binary components 1,4-butane diol and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane of cross linking agents on the mechanical properties of fly ash-reinforced polyurethane composite has been studied by evaluating tensile strength and Young modulus of composite material by universal testing machine. Hardness of fly ashreinforced polyurethane composite with different ratio of 1,4-butane diol and 1,1,1-trimethylol propane of cross linking agents was evaluated by durometer.

9 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

006431   DUY N Q, THOAI H A, LAM T D, LE X T (Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: nqduy@ntt.edu.vn) : Effects of different extraction solvent systems on total phenolic, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activities of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2517-21.

This study aims to investigate the variations in total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content and the antioxidant capacity of Roselle extracts in various extraction solvents. Extracts produced using three solvent systems (methanol, ethanol and acetone) at three different concentrations (50, 70 and 90 % (v/v)) were compared roselle calyx extract produced using distilled water. The antioxidant capacities of roselle calyx extracts were evaluated using DPPH free radical-scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power. The extraction efficiencies of phenolics, anthocyanins and flavonoids from roselle calyx varied considerably. The results showed that at 50 %, ethanol was the appropriate solvent for extraction of flavonoids, which achieved 508.64 mg RE/L and phenolics, which achieved 762.11 mg GAE/L, while at 70 %, methanol was the effective solvent for extracting anthocyanins, which achieved 8.404 mg/L. For antioxidant activity, at 50 % for ethanol, 70 % for methanol, 50 and 70 % for acetone were solvents used to obtain the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activities, ranging from 869.47-927.60 µmol TE/L. Thus, at 50 and 70 % for acetone were determined as solvents which gave extracts with the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power FRAP, ranging from 3493.52–3459.22 µmol TE/L.

1 table, 36 ref

006441   ISLAM M Z, FOISAL J A, RAHMAN M, MIMI M A, ISLAM F, HABIB R, KHAN N F, RAHMAN M A, PARVIN T, CUI D (Chemistry Dep, Sakarya Univ, Sakarya, Turkey, Email: mahbub_iuchem@yahoo.com) : Extraction, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of root of Dryopteris marginalis. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2512-6.

The aim of the study was to characterize the chemical constituents and determine antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and three different extracts of Dryopteris marginalis. The root had essential oil yield of 0.36 % (w/w) in which 12 organic compounds representing 97.22 % of the root oils were identified. Tyranton was found as the most abundant component with 77.571 % of the total concentration in the essential oil. The zones of inhibition of different organic extracts against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 6.5-15 mm. Pseudomonas was the most vulnerable with MICs of 15.62 µg/mL by both ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract producing 3.8 mm zone of inhibition. The essential oils extracted from roots of Dryopteris marginalis showed maximum 85.29 % inhibition of radical scavenging at 2 mg/mL concentration. Among all root extracts, methanol extract exhibited 41.11 % inhibition at 2 mg/mL concentration.

2 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

006493   RUFAI Y, BASAR N, SANI A (Chemistry Dep, Teknologi Malaysia Univ, Johor Bahru- 81310, Email: norazah@kimia.fs.utm.my) : Optimization and isolation of 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide from Deinbollia pinnata. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2503-2511.

Manual agitation on ultrasonic assisted extraction process, fractionation, isolation and purification afforded 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan4-olide along with 11 compounds 2-12 i.e., squalene, phytyl palmitate, lupeol, taraxasterol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, campesterol, stigmasterol, λ-sitosterol, stigmastan-3, 5-diene and stigmasta-5, 22-diene-3-ol acetate. Their structures were elucidated spectroscopically (2D NMR, IR, GC-MS and 1D NMR). The optimal conditions for high yield of extracts were obtained at 45 °C, after 35 min and solvent ratio 50:50 mL for 83.01 % yield; which was applied on agita-sonication process for bulk sample extraction of D. pinnata leaves with single solvent at a time. Thus, this work provides alternative method to overcome large sample extraction for phyto-constituents of isolation of 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide with ten other compounds from this specie pinnata and genius Deinbollia except stigmasterol.

5 illus, 9 tables, 14 ref

006415   BHAT S I (Chemistry Dep, N.M.A.M. Institute of Technology, Karkala- 574 110, Email: subrahmanya@nitte.edu.in) : Catalyst-free cascade synthesis of densely functionalized chromenes in water. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2532-6.

An expeditious and environmental friendly, general protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes via cascade Knoevenagel-Michael-intramolecular cyclization in water. Pure solid products were obtained by simple filtration technique. The aqueous catalyst-free reactions lead to high product yield at room temperature.

3 tables, 35 ref

006432   ELUMALAI M, RAJA M, RAJASEKARAN A, CHINNARAJA B (Chemistry Dep, VISTAS, Chennai- 600 117, Email: elu.ashwin@gmail.com) : Analysis of membranless formic acid fuel cell using E-shaped microfluidic channel. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2497-2502.

A microfluidic fuel cell has been fabricated using formic acid in an alkaline media as the fuel and sodium percarbonate in acidic media as the oxidant. Various operating conditions and different cell dimensions were applied to evaluate the fuel cell performance. The laminar flow-based membraneless fuel cell was found to reach a maximum power density of 23.60 mW cm^-2 using 1.50 M HCOOH in 3 M NaOH solution as the fuel and 0.15 M percarbonate in 1.50 M H₂SO₄ solution as the oxidant at room temperature. The fuel cell system has no proton exchange membrane. This simple membraneless fuel cell with a planar structure has a high design flexibility, which enables its easy integration into actual microfluidic systems and miniature power applications.

10 illus, 17 ref

006484   RACHA H, VADLA B, PEDDOLLA K, BETALA S (Chemistry Dep, Telangana Univ, Nizamabad- 503 322, Email: bethalasailu@gmail.com) : Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel hetero ring fused pyridine amide derivatives. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2485-91.

A series of novel hetero ring fused pyridine amide derivatives were prepared starting from ethyl furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (3) on reaction with ammonia to afford furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (4), compound 4 on reaction with trifluoroacetic acid to give compound 5, which on reaction with bromoethyl acetate followed by hydrazine hydrate to give compound 7. Compound 7 when reacted with different substituted aromatic aldehydes to give Schiff base compounds (8a-l). Similarly, compound 6a when reacted with diverse substituted aliphatic amines to give amide derivatives (9a-h). All the synthesized compounds 8a-l and 9a-h were screened for anticancer activity against four cancer cell lines such as A549-lung cancer (CCL-185); DU145-prostate cancer (HTB-81); SiHa-squamous cell carcinoma (HTB-35); MCF-7-breast cancer (HTB-22); HEK-29-human embryonic kidney cells (CRL-1573). Compounds 9e and 9f are found to have promising anticancer activity at micro molar concentration and found to be non-toxic on normal cell line.

2 tables, 24 ref

006442   JAGADEESH K, ANNAPURNA N (Engineering Chemistry Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam- 530 003, Email: drannapurna.nowduri@gmail.com) : Quantification of prochlorperazine and paracetamol using high performance liquid chromatography: Application to tablets and stability studies. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2473-8.

This study reports a new stability indicating HPLC method using Spursil C18 column as stationary phase, and mixture of 0.1 M Na₂HPO₄ and methanol (50:50 v/v) as mobile phase for the chromatographic determination of paracetamol and prochlorperazine in tablets and in bulk form. The linearity range is 250-750 µg/mL for paracetamol and 2.5-7.5 µg/mL for prochlorperazine. The limit of detection values are 2.650 µg/mL for paracetamol and 0.175 µg/mL for prochlorperazine. The minor values of the relative standard deviation (≤ 2.0 %) as well as good percent assay values (nearer to 100 %) confirm the high precision and accuracy of the present method. From the degradation study chromatograms found that there was no interference from degradants when paracetamol and prochlorperazine are quantified in tablets through the proposed method. A good agreement between results obtained and labeled claim for the determination of paracetamol and prochlorperazine in tablet samples demonstrates that the proposed method is appropriate to quantify paracetamol and prochlorperazine in tablet formulations.

4 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

006473   NURCHOLIS W, KHUMAIDA N, SYUKUR M, BINTANG M (Biochemistry Dep, Bogor Agricultural Univ, Bogor- 16680, Email: wnurcholis@apps.ipb.ac.id) : Variability of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents in ethanolic extract from ten Curcuma aeruginosa roxb. cultivated in West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2461-5.

Ten accessions of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. were grown under the same environment in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia was investigated for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents using HPLC. No significant variations were observed among C. aeruginosa accessions for all the studied compounds. According to the results, curcumin content (mg/100 g extract) varied between 1.08 in accession Kulonprogo to 3.19 in accession Gunung Kidul. The accessions Muara Bungo and Kulonprogo had the highest (1.66) and lowest (0.51) levels of demethoxycurcumin (mg/100 g extract). Also, bisdemethoxycurcumin content varied from 0.05 to 0.49 mg/100 g extract in accessions Ciampea Bogor and Purworejo, respectively. Finally, curcuminoid contents (mg/100 g extract), accumulation of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents, ranged from 1.64 to 5.05 in accessions Kulonprogo and Gunung Kidul, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that 10 accessions could be divided into three groups. Group 1 composed of Gunung Kidul, Muara Bungo, Pakem and Beringharjo accessions. These accessions characterized by high of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents. Group 2 formed two accessions (Klewer and Purworejo) that showed the high only bisdemethoxycurcumin content. Accessions of Kulonprogo, Losari Cirebon, Madura and Ciampea Bogor, in group 3, characterized by low curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin contents. In this study, Gunung Kidul, Muara Bungo, Pakem and Beringharjo accessions have a high in curcuminoid content that showed a high potential for use in future plant breeding programs.

5 illus, 34 ref

006464   MOKUBUNG K E, MOLOTO M J, MUBIAYI K P, MOLOTO N (Chemistry Dep, Vaal Univ of Technology, Vanderbijlpark- 1900, Email: makwenam@vut.ac.za) : Synthesis and characterization of cysteine-capped CDSE nanoparticles using an alternative of selenium. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2457-60.

Present work reports synthesis of L-cysteine capped CdSe nanoparticles at different temperatures via an aqueous medium, non-toxic and green colloidal route. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2·5H2O) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) were used as cadmium and selenium sources respectively. The prepared nanoparticles are characterized by UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD patterns confirm a cubic phase structure of the prepared nanoparticles at 55, 75 and 95 ºC, respectively. The TEM analysis, optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra shows epitaxial growth of CdSe nanoparticles as the temperature increases with average size diameter of 4.12 ± 0.32, 5.02 ± 0.234 and 5.53 ± 0.321 nm for 55, 75 and 95 ºC, respectively.

4 illus, 15 ref

006490   RANI P, LAL K, SHRIVASTAVA R (Chemistry Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar- 125 001, Email: klal_iitd@yahoo.com) : Tris-Triazole based chemosensors for selective sensing of Pb²⁺ ions. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2443-7.

A series of novel tris-trizole based neutral chemosensors (4a-c) have been synthesized via click reaction and characterized by various spectral techniques. All the synthesized triazoles were evaluated for their ion binding properties towards various cations (Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺) by UV-visible titration experiments. It was observed that the addition of Pb²⁺ ions to compound 4a led to significant changes in UV-visible spectrum and a new UV band was observed at 262 nm. Further, the Job′s plot confirmed the formation of 1:1 complex between compound 4a and Pb²⁺. The synthesized chemosensor selectively sense Pb²⁺ ions in preference to other cations like Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺.

4 illus, 36 ref

006444   JIRJEES V Y, SULEMAN V T, AL-HAMDANI A A S, AHMED S D (Chemistry Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: abbas_alhamadani@yahoo.co.uk) : Preparation, spectroscopic characterization and theoretical studies of transition metal complexes with 1-[(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylimino)methyl]naphthalene-2-ol ligand. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2430-8.

A new Schiff base [1-((2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylimino)methyl)naphthalene-2-ol] (HL) has been synthesized by condensing (2-hydroxy-1- naphthaldehyde) with (2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylamine). In turn, its transition metal complexes were prepared having the general formula; [Pt(IV)Cl₂(L)₂], [Re(V)Cl₂(L)₂]Cl and [Pd(L)₂], 2K[M(II)Cl₂(L)₂] where M(II) = Co, Ni, Cu] are reported. Ligand as well as metal complexes are characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, UV-visible, ¹³C & ¹H NMR, mass, elemental analysis. The results suggested that the ligand behaves like a bidentate ligand for all the synthesized complexes. On the other hand, theoretical studies of the ligand as well its metal complexes were conducted at gas phase using HyperChem 8.0. These metal complexes exhibited good antibacterial activity.

2 illus, 6 tables, 26 ref

006437   GUPTA R (Chemistry Dep, A.S. (P.G.) Coll, Meerut- 250 401, Email: rakshagupta68@yahoo.co.in) : Study of spectral and NLO properties of (2E)-1-(2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one by DFT. Appl Innov Res 2019, 1(3&4), 160-70.

Theoretical calculations of (2E)-1-(2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one have been performed using Gaussian 09 software package. The geometry optimization and vibrational frequency determinations of the molecule have been developed using DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d, p). Substituents at aliphatic double bond are Trans to each other. The standard thermodynamic functions: heat capacity (CV), entropy (S), and enthalpy (E) were obtained at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level. DFT has been used to calculate the total dipole moment (μ), the mean linear polarizability (α), the anisotropic polarizability (∆α), the first-order hyperpolarizability (β) and the second-order hyperpolarizability(y) in terms of x, y, z components. Simultaneously UV-Vis absorption spectra, electronic transitions, vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths of the same molecule were computed with the Time Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method using the same basis sets. FMO, ESP study were also carried out using the same basis set.

9 illus, 8 tables, 25 ref

006418   CHAUHAN M, TEOTIA M, SONI R K (Chemistry Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Univ, Meerut- 250 004, Email: rksoni_rks@yahoo.com) : Novel dual peptisers and curing agents derived from PET waste as N-alkyl benzene dicarboxamides for EDPM waste. Appl Innov Res 2019, 1(3&4), 149-52.

Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used in the manufacturing of various components in rubber industries and hence recycling of scrap rubber is a major problem. In the present study, EPDM rubber waste powder has been recycled successfully by using N-alkyl benzene dicarboxamides, derived from PET wasteand other additives. Three aminolysed end products namely 1,4-benzene dicarboxamide, 1,4-benzene dicarbohydrazide and N,N′‐diaminoethyl 1,4‐benzene dicarboxamidewere used as peptisers and curing agents in the EPDM waste formulations. EPDM rubber waste sheets have been prepared at comparatively low temperature using two roll mill and compression moulding machine. Tensile strength, % elongation and hardness have been found in the range 12.23-20.19 kg/cm² , 107-145 % and 46-61, respectively. It has been expected that the developed reclaimed process described in this paper will promisingly support the protection of environment and conservation of resources with favors to rubber waste generated throughout the world.

2 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

006487   RAMAKRISHNA J, WALI A F, BAKHIT F E M, ELAWAD A O, AYAABDIN (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, RAK Medical and Health Sciences Univ, Ras Al Khaimah- 11172, United Arab Emirates, Email: farooq@rakmhsu.ac.ae) : In vitro antioxidant activity and quantitative elemental analysis of Adansonia digitata L. fruit using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Ann Phytomed 2019, 8(2), 127-33.

Adansonia digitata L.(AD) belongs to the family Malvaceae and genus Adansonia, native to the African continent. Various parts of this tree are used for health benefits as well as for food supplements. The dried fruits of AD were taken for the present study. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the different extracts of the fruits showed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids and steroids. Since the fruits are rich source o f vitamin C, the antioxidant screening of ethyl acetate and methanol extract were done by three different meth ods. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), radical scavenging assays showed excellent antioxidant activity for the fruit of AD. The elemental analysis of the fruits was done by using ICP-OES and the results revealed the presence of various macronutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus)and micronutrients (iron, sodium, manganese, zinc) in ver y good amount. The present study reveals that AD fruit can be used as a good source of antioxidant and in mineral deficiency ailments.

3 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

006460   MATHEW S E, RAMAVARMA S K, BABU T D, KUZHIVELIL B T, RAGHAVAMENON A C (Biochemistry Dep, Calicut Univ, Thrissur- 680 555, Email: raghav@amalaims.org) : Preliminary assessment on phytochemical composition, cytotoxic and antitumor efficacy of Simarouba glauca DC. leaf methanolic extract. Ann Phytomed 2019, 8(2), 121-6.

Simarouba glauca DC. (Paradise tree) has gained much consideration in recent times in South India, as adjuvant medicine patients undertake different types of conventional cancer treatments. The current study is intended to disclose the reliability of medicinal properties of this plant. The study included the phytochemical analysis, short term cytotoxicity assessment, antiproliferative action, acute toxicity and antitumour effects of aqueous methanolic extract (ME) of S. glauca leaves in murine models. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ME unravelled the presence of pharmacologically significant group of molecules like tannins, coumarins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides terpenoids, and carbohydrates. Further, TLC analysis could confirm the presence of classes of compounds like flavonoids, triterpenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenolics in ME. ME exhibited low cytotoxic potential towards cancer and normal cells (IC50>100 µg/ml) in short term cytotoxicity assay. In antiproliferative assay cell viability were found high in all cell lines tested, i.e., HepG2 (79.78 ± 0.02%), HeLa (81.42 ± 0.02%), HCT15 (89.61 ± 0.01%) and Vero (81.63 ± 0.64%)/100 µg/ml. The acute toxicity level of ME was above 2 mg/kg b. wt in female Wistar rats. In ascites tumour study, the mean survival days were found 20.17 ± 2.23 at 200 mg/kg b. wt drug administrated animals and 19.83 ± 2.64 at 400 mg/kg b. wt drug concentration in contrast with 18.17 ± 3.19 in control group. The study revealed that the ME extract of S. glauca did not have direct potential cytotoxicity and tumour reducing ability.

4 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

006512   VIJAYALINGAM T A, RAJESH N V (Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Chennai- 600 051, Email: tavijayalingam@gmail.com) : Seagrasses as potential source of fodder for livestock: Complete proximate and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Ann Phytomed 2019, 8(2), 93-8.

The present study analysed the nutritional values of Cymodocea serrulata (R.Br.) Asch. & Magnus, Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy and Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle by complete proximate analysis and determined the phytocompounds present in them by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The complete proximate analysis revealed a higher content of crude protein, crude fibre, calcium, phosphorus and energy in all the three grasses under study. However E. acoroides contained higher content of ether extract, lower level of acid insoluble ash and gross energy compared to the other two grasses. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of decane, sucrose, tetradecanoic acid, deoxyspergualin, n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, ricinoleic acid, docosyl isobutyl ether and squalene in C. serrulata and decane, sucrose, phytol, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-Triethylene glycol monododecyl ether and Hexadecanoic acid and 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester in S. isoetifolium. Ethanol extract of E. acoroides revealed the existence of decane, epoxomicin, tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, linoelaidic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-diethylene glycol monododecyl ether, hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester and 15,17,19,21-hexatriacontatetrayne in GC-MS study. All the three seagrasses under study were found to be the rich sources of crude protein, energy, minerals and phytocompounds of varied pharmacological properties which can enable them to be an eligible source of alternative nutritional supplements for ruminants in the areas adjacent to coastal region of Ramanathapuram district, where fodder scarcity exists.

3 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

006445   KHAN M S, DAS K (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, Krupanidhi Coll of Pharmacy, Bangalore- 560 035, Email: drkkdsd@gmail.com) : Effect of solvents and extractors on proximate analysis, pharmacognostical screening and chromatographic analysis of Decalepis nervosa (Wight & Arn.) Venter leaf -: An endangered plant from Western Ghats region. Ann Phytomed 2019, 8(2), 64-74.

Decalepis nervosa (DN) (Family: Apocynaceae), an endangered demanding medicinal plant of traditional system of medicine. The plant has been focused by many scientists for research and drug discovery sector. Its roots are used by tribal Indian for use as pickles. But still no research related to its medicinal as well as therapeutic values has been done. In the present study, leaf of the plant was evaluated for proximate analysis in terms of moisture content, ash values and extractive values. Histological nature of leaf was detected with powder microscopy and confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the plant for the first time. Further, leaf sample was extracted with 80 % methanol and aqueous solvents by conventional (soxhlet) and modern (microwave) extractors, followed by detail pharmacognostical screening through various chemical tests. Based on strong positive tests, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated. Thereafter, TLC and HPLC methods were applied for detection and analysis of particular secondary metabolites in both the extracts. Leaf powder microscopy as well as SEM study of leaf revealed the presence of epidermal cells, paracytic stomata, xylems, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, unicellular covering trichomes, etc. Thereafter, estimated plant constituent resulted in high content of phenolics and flavonoids in microwave extracted methanolic extract (80 %). TLC and HPTLC study revealed the presence of gallic acid, rutin and quercetin and their content was high in 80 % methanolic extract (microwave method) than soxhlet method. Significant correlation was observed (p<0.001) among methanolic yield with the content of plant constituents. Pharmacognostical study, proximate analysis and extrac tion parameters of DN leaf identified the presence of phenolic compounds which helps in many therapeutic efficacies as well drug discovery in future.

9 illus, 7 tables, 30 ref

005222   ZHAO Y, WANG H (Chemical Dep, Miami Univ, Oxford, United States of America, Email: hui.wang@MiamiOH.edu) : Spectral calibration for spectral domain optical coherence tomography based on B-scan doppler shift with tissue images. J Opt 2019, 21(9), 095302.

We propose a simple method of linearizing spectral interference fringes of spectral domain optical coherence tomography based on B-scan Doppler frequency shift (DFS), which can be obtained by offsetting the laser beam from the pivot of a scanning mirror. We show that DFS is proportional to wavenumber. A DFS based calibration curve can be then extracted from either a single mirror image or multiple tissue images. By examining the convergence of the nonlinear coefficients of the DFS curve fitted with a polynomial equation, tissue images themselves can be used to linearize the wavenumber without requiring mirror images or additional hardware. The method is verified with both ex vivo and in vivo tissue images. Using B-scan Doppler shift, we also demonstrate significantly improved imaging quality by combining complex conjugate ambiguity removal, speckle reduction, and spectral calibration with tissue images.

9 illus, 27 ref

005218   THAKUR P, SONAWANE S S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya National Institute Of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Email: shriramsonawane@gmail.com) : Application of nanofluids in CO₂ capture and extraction from waste water. J Indian Assoc Environ Manag 2019, 39(1-4), 4-8.

Carbon dioxide emission is one of the alarming problems that we are facing today and with the help of nanotechnology, the emissions have been reduced to an extent. There are certain methods to reduce the emission in the field of nanotechnology like using carbon nanotubes hollow membrane contractor, hybrid Nano absorbents, transition Nano crystals doped with carbon nanotubes for efficient carbon dioxide absorption, synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride Nano sheets, etc. Nanofluidshave been potential to use as an alternative for carbon capture than conventional fluids like amines. Generally, amines like MEA, DEA and MDEA are used to capture carbon dioxide. However, recent studies showed that nanofluidscangive more absorption efficiency than conventional solvents. In a current study, we reviewed and highlighted recent advances in the application of nanofluids in carbon dioxide capture. Many researchers are working on various approaches to make an efficient nanofluid system for environmental application. Butmany nanoparticles are not fully explored.

1 illus, 36 ref

005195   PATEL B L, SINGH P K, SINGH Y P, PANDEY R (Chemistry Dep, SGS PG Coll, Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh, Email: rajeshrdu29@gmail.com) : Bioaccumulation study of heavy metals contents in vegetable and fruits growing irrigated water samples around Singrauli, India. J Chem Chem Sci 2019, 9(9), 262-73.

The present study was carried out in Singrauli area, India to know water quality at selected four industrial sites (Hindalco, NTPC, Reliance Sasan Project and ESSAR) their five sampling points were also marked covered the 800 meter surrounding area of industries. Industrial development in this area is quite rapid because this part of the M.P state is blessed with mineable reserves of coal and power hub. Singrauli Coal Field managed by the Northern Coal fields Ltd (NCL) is contributing about 13 % of India’s coal production through mechanized opencast mining. Locations selected for sampling and sub sampling were based on the preliminary field survey, mostly fruits and vegetables grown field were selected for study where these crops were irrigated by water. The impacts of industrialization in water quality were determined in terms of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn) concentration in irrigated water by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results suggested that the different variable ranges of heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn are responsible for changes which have adverse impacts on soil fertile capacity and ultimately on quality of water.

4 illus, 29 ref

005206   SAMUI P, GINISHKUMAR P, KHADILKAR H, RAKSHIT S K, PARIDA S C (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai– 400 085, Email: psamui@barc.gov.in) : Thermal Stability of Tb₂Te₄O₁₁(s) and Eu₂Te₄O₁₁(s). J Chem Chem Sci 2019, 9(9), 256-61.

Tb₂Te₄O₁₁(s) and Eu₂Te₄O₁₁(s) were prepared by solid state reaction route. Employing horizontal type transpiration apparatus, temperature dependence of vapor pressure of TeO₂ vapor over the equilibrium phase mixture (Tb₂Te₄O₁₁(s) + Tb₂O₃(s)) & (Eu₂Te₄O₁₁(s) + Eu₂O₃(s)) were measured and could be represented respectively as:

lnp (TeO₂)/Pa (± 0.06) = 23.61–26118.4/T(K) (1000-1150 K)

lnp (TeO₂)/Pa (± 0.03) = 24.57–24331.7/T(K) (900-1050 K)

The Δ_f G^◦ m of Tb₂Te₄O₁₁(s) and Eu₂Te₄O₁₁(s) were determined by measuring the equilibrium vapour pressure data and could be expressed respectively as:

Δ_fG⁰ m (Tb₂Te₄O₁₁(s)) kJ·mol^-1 = – 3069.92 + 0.76×T(K)

ΔfG⁰ m (Eu₂Te₄O₁₁(s)) kJ·mol^-1 = – 2805.77 + 0.81×T(K).

4 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

005188   MISHRA P, UPADHAYAY M, KHARE G P, THAKUR D S (Chemistry Dep, Dr. C. V. Raman Univ, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, Email: prabhakarmishra1125@gmail.com) : Study and characterization of soil properties and productivity management arrangement in Bastar of Chhattisgarh State. J Chem Chem Sci 2019, 9(9), 249-55.

Study of soil properties that affect plant growth and biological processes in and of the soil depend on soil and, air, and soil temperature. Typical soil on volume basis contains half solid and half pore space part consisted of minerals, materials and organic matter space part is filled with water and air. The composition of soil air undergoes rapid changes due to continuous consumption of oxygen by plant root and soil microorganism and production of CO₂ and also with several factors biological activity season etc. affect the composition of soil consist of the combined oxides of silicon, aluminum and iron during chemical weathering and leaching the proportion of these and other constituents get changed largely. The soil colloidal fraction is the site of important process in soil governing ion exchange nutrients availability and fixation soil physical properties, especially soil structure hydraulic conductivity and also soil management. Theses soil is characterized by neutral pH bicarbonates, alkaline, verticals with wish clay content and mountmorillontic mineralogy. the rate of release of nutrients ions from the soils fertilizers particles/granules to solution and the subsequent transport to root surface is of great importance in maintaining their satisfactory supply to plants via straight fertilizers, compound or complex fertilizers used the advance technique such as stripping technique, Isotopic dilution. eEE technique. Electric diffuse double layer equation used to high yield corp and help to best management of productivity.

4 tables, 14 ref