Mallik M;Mandal R K
012893 Mallik M;Mandal R K (Centre of Advanced Study, Metallurgical Engineering Dep, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Email: rkmandal21@yahoo.com) : Effect of variation of PVP/PVA weight ratio on the behaviour of nanocrystalline silver. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(5), 425-8.
Effect of poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone/poly-vinyl-alcohal (PVP/PVA) weight ratio on the resulting size and shape of nanocrystalline (NC) silver is presented. It is shown that all the NC silver samples investigated, in the study, have displayed face centered cubic structure. The average coherently scattering domain size is estimated with the help of Scherrer equation. An attempt has been made to understand the UV-Vis spectra of the NC sols in terms of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) behaviour. The change in the nature of LSPR in visible range of spectrum of the sols has been attributed to the complex interplay of shape, size and distribution of NC silver.
4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref
Vigneswaran C;Anbumani N
011853 Vigneswaran C;Anbumani N (Fashion Technology and Dep of Textile Technology, Respectively, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Effects of weight reduction treatment by partial alkaline hydrolysis of physical properties of polyester rotor spun yarns. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2007, 88(Aug), 14-18.
The chemical modification of polyester rotor spun yarns ha ving different twist levels was carried out by partial alkaline hydrolysis using aqueous solution of caustic soda (NaOH) of different concentrations under different reaction conditions. The partial alkaline hydrolysis leads to the surface modification of polyester fibres in the rotor spun polyester staple yarn by treating the yarns with sodium hydroxide solution of various concentrations, time and temperatures. The changes in physical properties of treated yarns such as weight loss, strength Joss, abrasion resistance, wicking behaviour, co-efficient of friction and flexural rigidity were evaluated. The reduction on tensile strength is found to minim um with higher twist levels and at a fixed twist level, as the concentration of NaOH solution increases, the percentage of tensile strength loss also increases. Absorbency properties in terms of the wicking behaviour of the treated yarn shows are found to be increased as compared to the same for parent yarn. Due to the loss of mass from the fibre surface, the abrasion resistance of the hydrolysed yarn is found to be decreased as compared to the same for parent yarn. In general, the rotor polyester yarn treated with 10% aqueous solution of Na OH at 60° C seems to give better results in the physical properties as compared to the same treatment being done at 100° C under others are comparable conditions of treatment.
4 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref
Tyagi G K;Gupta S K
011852 Tyagi G K;Gupta S K (NO, Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021) : Cotton ring- and OE rotor yarns characteristics: part III - effect of enzymatic wet processing on various characteristics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 41-6.
The changes in cotton yarn characteristics as a result of chemical treatments have been studied. It is observed that the yarn characteristics depend on yarn structural features, twist factor and chemical treatment. Analysis of the mechanical and surface characteristics shows that the caustic scouring remarkably improves the tenacity, abrasion resistance, dye uptake and residual shrinkage of both ring- and OE rotor-spun yarns. The increase in each of these characteristics decreases with the increasing twist factor. Treatment of enzyme scoured-hydrogen peroxide bleached cotton yarns with G-Zyme VGB enzyme, on the other hand, results in a significant decrease in their tenacity, abrasion resistance and hairiness. Additionally, enzyme-softened yarns have similar breaking extension, less surface roughness and higher absorbency values. The yarns spun with notched nozzle are relatively stronger, less hairy and less rough, have lower abrasion resistance and pick up more dye as compared to the yarns made with the plain nozzle regardless of the experimental conditions.
Tyagi G K;Bhattacharya S;Gupta S
011851 Tyagi G K;Bhattacharya S;Gupta S (NO, The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021) : Pretreatment dependence of mechanical and surface properties of cotton ring- and OE rotor-spun yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 20-5.
The variations in the mechanical and surface properties of cotton ring- and OE rotor-spun yarns on exposure to different chemicals during wet processing have been studied. It is observed that the structure and yarn twist are the dominant parameters in determining the accessibility of chemicals during wet processing. The most distinct outcome of alkaline scouring of cotton yarns, in comparison to enzyme scoured ones, is the resulting yarn characteristics, i.e. more tensile strength, no change in breaking extension, more dye pick-up, more residual shrinkage, and more resistance to abrasion. Dramatic increase in residual shrinkage and dye uptake and decrease in abrasion resistance of alkaline scoured yarns after hydrogen peroxide bleaching are consistent with the effect of twist on the yarn during bleaching. The enzyme softening is effective in reducing the hairiness of the bleached yarn. While the absorbency change due to enzyme softening is small, the reduction in tenacity, abrasion resistance and hairiness is relatively large. Interestingly, however, there is no apparent change in the breaking extension and residual shrinkage of hydrogen peroxide bleached yarns.
Stepanovic J;Milutinovic Z;Petrovic V; Pavlovic M
011850 Stepanovic J;Milutinovic Z;Petrovic V; Pavlovic M (NO, Technological Faculty, University of Nis, Serbia) : Influence of relative density on deformation characteristics of plain weave fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 69-75.
The deformation characteristics of fabrics in relation to relative thread density have been studied. On the basis of experimental results and theoretical models, some real mathematical dependence has been set up, which can be used for projecting breakage characteristics of plain weave cotton fabrics. Equations for projecting breaking characteristics have been developed on the basis of fabrics geometrical model in linen weave and practical results. The equations include correction coefficients, depending on the relative density in fabrics. The results show that the relative thread density in fabrics affects their deformation characteristics. The relative thread density, if higher than 1 causes weaker quality parameters and this must be taken into consideration during designing of fabric.
Shakyawar D B;Behera B K
011849 Shakyawar D B;Behera B K (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, ) : Influence of softening treatments on hand value of woven fabrics produced from Indian wool and their blends. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 76-81.
The effect of different softening treatments on low stress mechanical properties and hand values of fabrics produced from Indian wool and their blends has been studied. The extensibility, tensile resilience and coefficient of friction of the fabrics significantly (p>0.05) increase after softening treatments, whereas the bending and shear rigidities and their hysteresis, and compressional resilience reduce. The Koshi (stiffness) values of wool and wool blended fabrics decrease by 5-10% of that of untreated fabrics after softening treatments. However, the Numeri (smoothness) and Fukurami (fullness and softness) values increase by 10-40%. The fabrics treated with cationic and amino silicone softeners show total hand value (THV) higher than that of untreated fabrics; THV increases by 5-20% and 10-20% for winter suit and jacket application respectively. The amino silicone softener is more effective than cationic softener.
Senthilkumar P;Dasaradan B S
011848 Senthilkumar P;Dasaradan B S (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Comfort properties of textiles. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2007, 88(Aug), 3-4.
Clothing is an integral part of human life and has a number of functions: adornment, status, modesty and protection. However, the primary role of clothing is to form a layer or layers of barriers that protect the body against unsuitable physical environments. To be competitive, modern clothing besides having good mechanical and technological properties and being of easy care must possess good comfort characteristics. Clothing physiology is expressed in terms of comfort, performance capability and the health of wearer. Clothing physiology, perception of comfort, psychological and physiological aspects of comfort, concept of clothing comfort and the factors influencing comfort properties of textile materials have been reviewed.
8 ref
Saravanan D;Sathis Kumar S
011847 Saravanan D;Sathis Kumar S (Textile Technology Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401) : Novel approach to process cotton/long staple fibre blends on short staple ring frame. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 47-51.
An attempt has been made to blend cotton fibres with long staple fibre strands made of silk and polyester-wool using siro spinning system and to evaluate the samples produced for some physical properties. Blending of these fibres using siro spinning appears to be possible at low spindle speeds. Yarns produced in the modified drafting system show better moisture content, evenness and hairiness, and these properties are influenced by the cotton fibre content in the blended yarn.
Samanta A K;Singhee D
011846 Samanta A K;Singhee D (Textile Chemistry Section, Institute of Jute Technology, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Standardisation of process variables for low-temperature bleaching of jute - cotton union fabric using a combination of hydrogen peroxide and potassium per-oxodisulphate as dual oxidizing agents. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2007, 88(Aug), 19-32.
Standardization of process variables for low temperature bleaching of jute-cotton union (75:25 w/w) fabric has been studied using varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (main bleaching agent) and potassium per-oxodisulphate (peroxide booster) with different concentrations of alkali, silicate and non-silicate peroxide stabilizer, wetting agent as well as varying treatment time at room temperature (30°±2°C). For comparative purpose, the same has also been studied for 100% jute and 100% cotton fabrics. Effect of variations in these process variables on weight loss, shrinkage, whiteness index, brightness index and important textile related mechanical properties of the said three types of fabrics have been evaluated. On the basis of the observed results, the said process variables have been optimised for jute-cotton union fabric as compared to the optimum process variables for the same for 100% jute and 100% cotton fabrics. These optimum process parameters for low temperature bleaching for either jute-cotton union fabric or 100% jute fabric or 100% cotton fabric can be adopted easily by both the centralized sector and the decentralized sector of jute and cotton textile industry.
9 tables, 22 ref
Roy G;Naskar M;Ghosh S N
011845 Roy G;Naskar M;Ghosh S N (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Development of digital thermal insulation value tester for jute products. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 36-40.
A new type of digital instrument has been developed for measuring thermal insulation value of various jute products using two-plate method. The instrument is based on a microprocessor and provides automatic results in 'tog' for the material under test. It requires no preparation of test samples if the area of the sample is not less than 700 cm2. The test is non-destructive and process of sample preparation is free from human error.
Lima M;Fangueiro R;Costa A;Rosiepen C;Rocha V
011844 Lima M;Fangueiro R;Costa A;Rosiepen C;Rocha V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal) : Multiweave - A prototype weaving machine for multiaxial technical fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 59-63.
Reports the study on a multiaxial 2D interlaced woven structure able to provide specified strengths in four different directions and the development of its manufacturing process. This structure is obtained by the insertion of interlaced bias yarns at approximately 45ยง between the weft and the warp. Using the principle of the insertion and interlacement of yarns in bias directions, a multiaxial weaving system has been designed which comprises the warp feeding, bias yarns feeding and criss-cross insertion, shedding, incorporating one heddle, weft feeding and insertion, beating-up mechanism, incorporating the reed, fabric taking-up and winding mechanisms. The designing of the system includes the use of conventional weaving elements with completely new mechanisms or the modification of existing ones. The multiweave prototype developed in this work is used to produce different types of directionally oriented structures using various types of fibres (HT polyester, aramid, carbon and glass) and yarn counts. The important characteristics of this new fabric structure is the criss-crossing between all four sets of yarns which increases the capability for supporting more severe mechanical loads without failure, i.e. without delaminating. The strength-weight ratio is expected to increase, which can be very advantageous for applications in the areas like composites for the aircraft and car industries as well as in marine textiles for boat and ship building, which are the products subjected to severe stressing conditions.
Ishtiaque S M;Akshay Kumar;Salhotra K R; Senthil Kanan M S
011843 Ishtiaque S M;Akshay Kumar;Salhotra K R; Senthil Kanan M S (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016) : Impact of different stages of spinning process on fibre orientation and properties of ring, rotor and air-jet yarns: Part II - Effect of final machine parameters and comparison of different types of spinning machines in terms of structural parameters and yarn properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 91-105.
Reports a glimpse on the impact of final machine parameters on fibre orientation and yarn properties. The comparison of different types of spinning machines like ring, rotor and air-jet in terms of structural parameters and yarn properties has also been described. The increase in draft at the speed frame improves the fibre parallelization and ultimate yarn properties. The increase in draft at the ring frame deteriorates the properties of ring yarn. The quality of rotor yarn depends on the state of parallelization in feed sliver. The air-jet yarn properties are dependent on the amount of core and wrapper fibres. The increase in draft at the air-jet spinner tends to improve the properties of air-jet yarns. Finally, it is clear that the spinning process should be adjusted considering the effect of important preparatory machines and final spinning machine parameters simultaneously.
Hu J;Ding X;Zeng X;Koehl L
011842 Hu J;Ding X;Zeng X;Koehl L (College of Textiles, Donghua University, No 2999 North Renming Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China) : Effect of instantaneous compression responses of fabric on tactile textures. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 52-8.
Attempts have been made to characterize and interpret the instantaneous responses of various fabrics in terms of sensory and cognitive processes, based on the chosen mechanical parameters characterizing the static compression profiles of multi-ply fabric in six levels of force. The study also pertains to the instantaneous elastic responses and creep phenomenon over a short time comparable to sensing process. The results indicate that the instantaneous deformations, dependent on levels of force applied, whether compression or retraction, mainly occur in less than 1.0 s. This phenomenon is assigned with the reaction time of material discrimination by touching. Furthermore, the instant out-plane bending deformations of fabric probably contribute to softness/fullness sensation at higher force. Therefore, the elastic deformations of fabric in short time, whether compressing or bending, result in strong stimulus intensity to cutaneous low-threshold mechanoreceptors responsible for tactual textures and dominate the human subjective responses.
Filguieras A;Fangueiro R;Soutinho F
011841 Filguieras A;Fangueiro R;Soutinho F (Textile Engineering Dep, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimaraes, Portugal) : Drape behaviour of functional knitted fabrics for sport clothing. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 64-8.
The influence of polyester/functional fibre blends on the drape properties of knitted fabrics for sport clothing application has been studied. Several knitted fabrics have been produced using polyester fibre blended, in different percentages, with functional fibres like Outlast, Dry release, Aquator, Polybutylene terephthalate and Bioactive. The drape and flexural rigidity behaviour of the materials produced have been evaluated to optimize the composition of functional knitted fabrics based on polyester/functional fibre blends. It is observed that the knitted fabrics produced with polyester/Outlast blends show the most interesting drape behaviour. On the other hand, polyester/polybutylene terephthalate and polyester/Aquator fabrics show lower drape behaviour due to the types of fibre used. Moreover, relationships between the amount of functional fibre and the drape and flexural rigidity behaviour are also established. The study is useful to design sport clothing for professional football players.
Debnath S;Sengupta S;Singh U S
011840 Debnath S;Sengupta S;Singh U S (National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, (NIRJAFT), 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Comparative study on the physical properties of jute, jute-viscose and jute-polyester (Hollow) blended yarns. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2007, 88(Aug), 5-9.
The study reveals the comparison of physical and mechanical behaviour of the jute-viscose and jute-hollow polyester blended single yarn with similar 100% jute yarn. Conventional jute spinning machineries were used to produce these jute diversified blended yarns. Yarn bulk density, packing factor, tenacity, breaking elongation, specific work of rupture, specific flexural rigidity and coefficient, of friction are the properties studied to compare these two jute blended yarns with 100% jute yarn and also among themselves. Jute yarn has higher tensile strength but lower elongation properties compared to jute-blended yarn where as, jute-viscose yarn has lower bulk density and higher packing properties compared to jute yarn. Coefficient of static friction, hairiness and coefficient of variation of various properties of jute-polyester (hollow) blended yarns is lower compared to 100% jute yarn. Hence, fabric woven from jute-polyester will have smoother surface.
1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref
Debnath S;Sengupta S
011839 Debnath S;Sengupta S (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Effect of linear density, twist and blend proportion on some physical properties of jute and hollow polyester blended yarn. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 11-9.
The effect of yarn linear density, twist density and blend proportion on bulk density, tenacity, breaking extension, work of rupture, flexural rigidity, hairiness and friction of jute-hollow polyester blended yarns made on conventional jute spinning system has been studied. Box and Behnken experimental statistical design has been used to study the individual and interactive effects of independent variables. It is observed that the bulk density and coefficient of static friction increase initially with the increase in yarn linear density as well as twist. After reaching the maximum value, further increase in these parameters decreases the properties. In case of all jute yarn, the maximum tenacity reaches at 195 twists/m and 145 tex. However, for 60% jute blended yarn, these values are 210 twists/m and 155 tex. The minimum breaking extension attains at 135 tex with 220 twists/m for all jute yarn and 185 tex with 220 twists/m for 60% jute blended yarn. The specific work of rupture decreases with the increase in jute content in the blend. The maximum specific work of rupture is obtained at 185 tex with 230 twists/m in 60% jute blended yarn. However, in case of all jute yarn the maximum values are obtained at 200 twists/m and 135 tex. The specific flexural rigidity of yarn is higher for all jute yarn compared to that for jute blended yarn. The lowest yarn hairiness is observed at 160tex with 215 twists/m for all jute yarn.
Das S;Ghosh A
011838 Das S;Ghosh A (NO, Government College of Engineering and Textile Technology, Berhampore-742 101) : Evaluation of silk yarn cohesion based on peeling force. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 31-5.
The peeling force required to separate out the filaments has been evaluated to measure the cohesion of silk yarn. Such force has been correlated well with the values obtained on conventionally used Duplan cohesion tester. The results show that the mulberry yarns are more cohesive than tussah yarns. The effect of sericin content on cohesion has also been investigated. Higher percentage of residual sericin imparts more peeling force. Even at low level of sericin content, the peeling force determined on Instron can be able to detect the change in cohesion values.
Das D;Munshi R
011837 Das D;Munshi R (NO, Institute of Jute Technology, 35 B C Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Finishing of jute using methacrylic acid in presence of tetrasodium pyrophosphate and potassium persulphate as catalysts under thermal treatment. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 82-90.
Jute fabric has been modified using methacrylic acid as the finishing agent in the presence of K2S2O8 and Na4P2O7 catalysts separately or in selected combinations, employing a pad-batch-dry-cure technique. It is found that the treatment with 100g/L methacrylic acid at 30°C and pH 7 using batching time of 60-75 min at 30°C followed by drying of the batched fabric at 95°C for 5 min and curing of the dried fabric at 140°C for 5 min under the catalytic influence of 2S2O8 and Na4P2O7 produces most balanced improvement in the textile-related properties, such as wrinkle recovery angle, flexibility, abrasion resistance, elongation-at-break and resistance to photo-yellowing with retention of strength.
Choudhury P K;Das A
011836 Choudhury P K;Das A (NO, Indian Jute Industries Research Association (IJIRA), Kolkata-700 088) : Development of natural technical textile for use in the pilot project under PMGSY. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2007, 88(Aug), 10-13.
Technical textile, in the form of geotextile is now-a-days become an integral part of civil engineering works worldwide. As of date consumption of geotextile has gone up to 1000 million sqm. globally with an estimated growth of around 30%. Geotextiles, either manufactured from synthetic or natural fibres are broadly termed as geosynthetics. Natural geotextile made from 100% jute fibre is known as Jute Geotextile (JGT). Geotextile as a whole is also gaining footage very fast in India in many civil engineering works like, slope stabilization, bank protection, road construction, erosion control etc. Since last 15 years, R & D works on JGT have been conducted by IJIRA with the support of IJMA and JMDC on development of various types of JGT for different civil engineering applications along with laboratory study as well as field applications by eminent scientists/engineers in India and abroad. Effectiveness of JGT in strengthening the road embankment by stabilizing the weak sub-grade soil has been established and documented. A study conducted by CRRI and JNTU at Kakinada (AP) in 1996 has shown that JGT could increase the CBR% of soft marine clay soil from 1.8 to 6.2 inspite of biodegradable nature of JGT. Unfortunately, this fabric has not yet been as popular as it deserves particularly in road construction work, though being highly effective, cheapest and eco-friendly material. In fact, the concerned engineers seem reluctant to recommend the use of JGT in sub-grade stabilization in view of the fact that it has not yet been included in IRC specifications. But inclusion of the natural fabric in road construction will necessitate generation of sufficient authentic data to prove its efficacy under different soil parameters.
2 illus, 6 tables
Akaydin M
011835 Akaydin M (Denizli Vocational School, Pamukkale University, 20045 Denizli, Turkey) : Characteristics of fabrics knitted with basic knitting structures from combed ring and compact yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2009, 34(1), 26-30.
The abrasion resistance, pilling tendency, Lab values, K/S value and burst strength of fabrics with basic knitting structures of RL-jersey, RR-ribbed, RR-interlock forms produced from 100% combed cotton ring and compact yarns have been studied and compared. It is observed that the differences between the structures of ring and compact yarns play a significant role on the fabric properties. The fabrics produced from compact yarns are found to have better abrasion resistance, higher burst strength, less pilling tendency, better dye absorption, and dyeability in more vivid colors.
Saini P;Bhandari H;Choudhary V;Dhawan S K
010800 Saini P;Bhandari H;Choudhary V;Dhawan S K (Polymeric & Soft Materials Section, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110 012, Email: skdhawan@mail.nplindia.ernet.in) : Thermal, spectroscopic and electrical transport properties of processable poly(aniline-co-alkylaniline) copolymers. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 497-504.
Aniline has been copolymerized in the presence of substituted anilines as comonomers to prepare conducting copolymers of poly(aniline-co-alkylaniline) type, via the chemical oxidative polymerization route. Their thermal stabilities and conductivities are slightly less than pure polyaniline but processabilities have been improved significantly. These copolymers exhibit improved solubility in organic solvents like 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulpohxide (DMSO), and dimethyl formamide (DMF). Conduction mechanism has been found to be 3-D VRH in case of pure HC1-doped polyaniline and 1-D VRH for copolymers. Coating of these polymers on insulating surfaces can be used for ESD protection and corrosion prevention of iron and mild steel under hostile conditions.
6 illus, 1 table, 37 ref
Acharya S K;Mishra P;Mishra S C
010799 Acharya S K;Mishra P;Mishra S C (Metallurgy & Material Science Dep, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Email: drsamirka@yahoo.com) : Effect of environment on the mechanical properties of fly ash-jute-polymer composite. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2008, 15(6), 483-8.
The investigation is aimed at processing a composite using fly ash, jute with epoxy (binder) and to study its weathering behaviour on mechanical properties such as flexural strength. The fracture surfaces of the specimen arc examined under scanning electron microscope. It appears that fiber pullout is the predominant mode of failure. The cracking of the fiber structure is avoided due to adherence of fly ash particles which indicates the increase in strength of interfacial bonding. It can be concluded that this composite can be successfully used as a structural material in household and automobile application and as a low cost building material.
12 illus, 1 table, 13 ref
Yadav S K;Singh M;Gupta S;Rami Reddy S;Singh S;Reddy K P;Shaunak R
008865 Yadav S K;Singh M;Gupta S;Rami Reddy S;Singh S;Reddy K P;Shaunak R (NO, Abhishek Industries Limited, Barnala-148 107) : Experience of alkaline sizing with AKD. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 85-9.
In the early 1800's, the water resistance was imparted to many papers by Alum-Rosin Sizing. The 1980's saw the break through of NeutralAlkaline Papermaking. The primary reason in changing from Acid (pH usually 4-5.5) to Neutral-Alkaline (pH 6.5-8.5) Papermaking was to use of Calcium carbonate to achieve the benefits of improved Paper permanency, optical and finishing properties. A conversion to Alkaline paper making with AKD or ASA size offer the Paper Maker an opportunity for improving the Product quality, system cleanliness and retention. The present paper highlights the effects of AKD (Alkaline) sizing vis-a-vis Alum-Rosin (Acidic) sizing. Based on lab trial, Process trial was Conducted in wheat straw based furnish with 16 Kg/t of AKD, 400 gm/t of Coagulant and 220 gm/t of Retention aid which were optimized to 14 Kg/t, 350 gm/t and 180 gm/t in 60 GSM Ivory White segment respectively. It has been highlighted in process trial that AKD sizing has many advantages over Alum-Rosin sizing like improved cleanliness of system, helped in keeping clothing clean, 15.5% and 36.4% increase in FPR and FPAR respectively, improved drainage, approx 1.8 % increase in dryness after press, 50% reduction in defoamer consumption, improved opacity by 1.8 %, considerable increase in Bulk and marginal increase in Breaking length. It was also experienced that residual Chlorine in pulp has detrimental effect on optical properties due to increase in Cationic demand which in turn resulted in higher consumption of Coagulant, AKD & Retention aid in order to maintain the Cobb with in the desired limit.
10 illus, 7 tables, 8 ref
Varshney R;Agnihotri P K;Sharma C;Bansal M C
008864 Varshney R;Agnihotri P K;Sharma C;Bansal M C (Paper Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur-247 001) : Flotation deinking studies of ONP for deinking chemicals and process conditions. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 151-4.
Optimization of flotation deinking time has been attempted using Old Newsprint (ONP). It appears that beyond 10 minutes flotation time, removal of ink is not significant. 1% consistency during flotation has shown better performance. Effects of deinking chemicals in flotation deinking operation of ONP have been studied using fatty acids and surfactants namely Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid and Jinex. It is observed that Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid have optimum dosage, after which the deinkability factor decreases with increasing dosage. In the case of Jinex, with the increase in its dosage, the deinkability factor goes on increasing resulting in better quality pulp probably due to the loss of fines.lt appears that Jinex also accumulates dust or fines along with ink to form the medium size agglomerate, which can be carried away with the air bubble as foam with the increase in dosage. The ink agglomerate size increases with the increase in dosage of Oleic acid, Palmitic acid and Stearic acid resulting in its reversal back to the pulp beyond optimum dosage.
8 illus, 1 table, 8 ref
Tyagi M;Bhadra K;Goswami S;Agarwal N K
008863 Tyagi M;Bhadra K;Goswami S;Agarwal N K (NO, J K Paper Ltd, Unit Central Pulp Mills, P.O. Fort Sargadh, Dist. Surat, Gujarat) : Successful trials & optimization of ASA sizing. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 143-5.
To sustain in the competitive market, it is inevitable to up- date the quality of product on a continual basis. In this direction, JK Paper LTD- unit Central pulp mill has introduced ASA sizing in both of machines from June 2007. During switch Over from Neutral sizing to ASA Sizing, CPM has to encounter many problems but, with the constant encouragement from the management, technical support given by chemical suppliers and dedicated spirit of our team members, CPM was able to solve problems.
2 illus, 2 tables
Thangaraju K;Nandagopal S;Mahesh B
008862 Thangaraju K;Nandagopal S;Mahesh B (NO, Tamil nadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd., Kagithapuram-639-136) : Strategic maintenance management in state of the art paper machines. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 117-23.
The pulp and paper industry is under severe pressure to improve the return on capital employed. Our strategic approach to maintenance is helping to achieve this goal by maximising the machine uptime. Maximising the efficiency and availability of a plant and equipment in the most effective manner requires a shift from traditional maintenance approach like reactive and functional, to a proactive maintenance that is fully integrated into overall plant activity. Up keeping the high Speed Paper Machines at TNPL is possible by the implementation and execution of strategic maintenance practices. The Maintenance departments in TNPL have well documented, executed & measured strategies with meticulously planned practices to establish highest standards in maintenance. Beginning with the general concepts and world class standards in Maintenance, this paper highlights the various strategies practiced in TNPL such as Planning and scheduling, Root cause failure analysis, Continual improvement, Technological up gradation and Value engineering. The uses of strategic enablers - Information technology and Knowledge management, to achieve the maintenance target are also deliberated. This paper concludes with the future trends and challenges to maintenance management to up keep the modern high speed paper machines.
4 illus, 3 tables
Sztuka John;Murugesan M;Sudheer K S
008861 Sztuka John;Murugesan M;Sudheer K S (NO, Ivax Paper Chemicals Ltd., 6-3-248/B, Road No. 1, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Alkaline sizing and neutral sizing: latest trends and selection of specialty chemicals to make fine quality paper cost effectively. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 129-31.
Alkaline paper making with calcium carbonate filler become the global industry standard practice over the past few decades. Now paper makers in India are increasingly adopting this practice to capture the benefits of lower manufacturing costs and improved brightness it brings. Typically newer machines experience little difficulty in converting to alkaline from acid papermaking, however, the older machines may require specific chemical and mechanical solutions be successful. Indian mills have creatively adopted neutral sizing or binary sizing as a method to capture at least some of the benefits of alkaline papermaking. Decision criteria on type of size to use are discussed below along with recent trial experiences. Best practices for alkaline panel-making chemistry are included.
1 ref
Sood Y V;Tyagi S;Pande P C;Roy T K
008860 Sood Y V;Tyagi S;Pande P C;Roy T K (NO, Central Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Saharanpur-247 001) : Paper quality improvement options and effective ways of neutral/alkaline sizing of indigneous pulps. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 69-77.
Most of the paper mills in India have switched over to neutral/alkaline sizing from conventional acidic sizing. The common problems being faced by them are slippage/improper cutting in the finishing section, creasing and rupture in printing press section and higher sizing chemical consumption as compared to the dosage being utilized for wood pulps abroad. The factors responsible for these drawbacks have been studied in detail. The possible ways of improving paper quality and sizing have been discussed.
1 illus, 20 tables, 16 ref
Sapre S B;Saini N S;Ashok Kumar
008859 Sapre S B;Saini N S;Ashok Kumar (Ballarpur Industries Ltd, Unit Shree Gopal, Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : ESP maintenance and its efficient operation-a key to improved air quality. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 83-8.
Environmental management has assumed vital importance in view of awareness at various levels and stricter norms by regulatory authorities. Most paper mills in country have acted in a responsible manner by directing substantial investment to comply with the CREP norms. To improve air quality, all power boilers, recovery boilers and time kiln are now equipped with new and efficient ESP. This has significantly improved emission from chimneys of paper mills. It due to lack of proper attention on maintenance of ESP, performance deteriorates with time resulting in increased emission. Paper discusses simple maintenance steps for ESP of coal fired and recovery boilers to achieve desired performance and proper asset utilization.
10 illus
Reijo L;Chemie G K
008858 Reijo L;Chemie G K (NO, , Hafenstrasse 77, A-3500 Kremes, Austria) : Practical case studies with ASA sizing. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 177-80.
Coated gaper quality depends on coating color characteristics, coating method and base paper properties. In this case with hydrophobic ASA sizing we could influence on gloss and coated roughness even though the film transfer press application is less sensitive on internal sizing and final roughness should depend on base paper roughness. Keywords with ASA sizing for coated papers are on-machine curing and the adjustable degree of sizing. On-machine curing makes it possible to have a positive impact on coating coverage and with an adjustable and stable degree of sizing it is possible to reach the desired quality targets.
4 illus, 7 ref
Paul S K;Balasubramanian S
008857 Paul S K;Balasubramanian S (NO, Seshasayee Paper And Boards Limited, Erode-638 007) : Binary sizing with AKD for manufacturing MG products. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 105-9.
The driving forces to change from acid sizing process to neutral/alkaline sizing process are process advantage, product improvement and environmental considerations. SPB initiated neutral/alkaline sizing process in the year 1999 in one of it's MF machine. Since then, neutral/alkaline sizing process is implemented in all three MF machines. Due to single dryer in Yankee machine, the consumption of neutral/alkaline sizing chemical is found to be extra ordinarily high. As a result of which the same could not be implemented commercially. In MG machine, the consumption of neutral sizing chemical (cationic rosin) alone is found to be very high and alkaline sizing chemical (AKD) alone resulted in loss of gloss of paper/board by 5 to 6 units due to it's waxy nature. These problems in MG machine are overcome at SPB with the suitable combination of both cationic rosin and AKD and the same is being continued successfully till today. Deals with the problems encountered in MG machine with separate neutral and alkaline sizing chemical and the solutions evolved to overcome the same.
1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref
Patra M K;Chandra Mohan K;Bhuyan B K
008856 Patra M K;Chandra Mohan K;Bhuyan B K (J K Paper Ltd., Unit, J K Paper Mills, P.O. Jayakaypur-765 017) : Alkaline sizing & our mills' experience. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 97-104.
Since inception, JKPM has been using only the rosin-based sizing system. Neutral / alkaline sizing of paper was first introduced in the mills in the late 90s. To meet the growing market demand for high bright writing and printing papers, JKPM introduced AKD sizing in certain selected grades to enhance their brightness and aesthetic value, which was previously not possible with the traditional acid sizing. However, the volume of AKD sized paper produced was very low. When the Off-line Coater was commissioned in November 2004, the requirement came for manufacture of alkaline base paper and board. Therefore, PM1 was converted to AKD sizing. The initial trials were fraught with a lot of runnability problems and increase in wear-and-tear of the forming fabric. These issues were sorted out after trials with different suppliers' AKD, changing from GCC to talcum, etc. However some productivity issues still remained, like, breaks, drying limitation in certain grammages, etc. Continual improvement has always been our culture at JKPM. In tune with the market demand, we wanted to upgrade branded product JKCopier to a brighter and more aesthetically pleasing product. ur Obvious choice then was AKD sizing. During this period, trials were taken on PM3, where most of our copier was made. The problems that followed were more than what we anticipated. Productivity was low due to breaks at size-press and severe runnability problems were experienced at the converting stage (Wills Cutters) due to slipperiness of the AKD sized paper. Ultimately, the trials were discontinued with AKD, and we started looking for other alternatives i.e ASA Sizing. ASA sizing, is reputed to be not so user-friendly. However, we took the challenge and started trials on PM3 in April 05. The initial phase was very problematic, with a lot of runnability issues to deal with. Never the less, ASA was well-established in PM 3 & PM 5 within a period of 3 months. And by December 2006, we converted even PM 1 to ASA sizing followed by PM4. This presentation describes the journey from Acid Sizing to ASA Sizing.
7 tables
Panwar M P;Upadhyay A K;Sharma P N
008855 Panwar M P;Upadhyay A K;Sharma P N (NO, Naini Tissues Ltd, Station Road, Kashipur-249 713) : Case study on alkaline sizing in agro-based paper manufacturing. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 79-84.
Pulp and paper industry has been considered as vital and core industry and its per capita consumption has been used as an index of a country's development. Therefore, increase in per capita consumption can be taken as a growth in areas related to industrial, cultural and educational developments. India has a great paper market because of large population and we have to still import large quantity of writing & printing grade of paper. It has been observed that the consumption of higher brightness paper with more permanency is having very fast growth in printing industries. So it has become essential to adopt alkaline sizing to achieve the quality product goal. In this context numbers of trials were conducted in laboratory as well as in plant for successful establishment of AKD sizing in NTL, resulting brightness and permanency of paper achieved up to satisfactory level.
5 illus, 8 tables, 3 ref
Naithani A K;Chhetri A K;Kathirvelu T
008854 Naithani A K;Chhetri A K;Kathirvelu T (NO, ACB Paper Ltd., P.O. Saila Khurd, Hoshiarpur, Punjab) : Developments in papermaking using alkaline sizing in mix agro furnish a mill experience. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 91-6.
Internal sizing is a widely used process in the paper industry to produce paper grades with hydrophobic character, such as liquid board, lineboard and printing papers. Paper grades with a hydrophobic character have a good resistance to sorption of water. In the acid sizing, a combination of rosin and alum is used. Neutral sizing is usually achieved either with alky ketene dimmer, AKD, or alkenyl succinic anhydride, ASA, AKD and ASA have become more frequently used in the industry during the last decade, not least for economical reasons. Internal sizing at neutral sizing at neutral pH gives the possibility to use calcium carbonate as a filler. Dispersions of rosin size and AKD can be stored for months, whereas ASA has to be dispersed at the mill due to hydrolysis of ASA. The dispersions can be diluted with water, which facilitates the dosage strategies. AKD would be sufficient to ensure good paper sizing provided that it forms a chemical bond with furnish. This result is believed to be important in solving some problem associated with AKD sizing and clean backwater system. This paper discuss the approach initiated to establish AKD for improving quality of paper suitable for multicolor printing in mix agro furnish on commercial scale over past two years. The work presented in this article is based on AKD, therefore the rest of the introduction will focus on AKD.
3 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref
Naik N K;Mathur R M;Thapliyal B P;goel A K; Roy T K
008853 Naik N K;Mathur R M;Thapliyal B P;goel A K; Roy T K (Central Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Sharanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Preventive maintenance practices in pulp and paper mills. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 89-94.
Pulp and paper is one of the highly energy intensive industry and energy cost component accounts to about 25 % of the total manufacturing cost. One of the major reasons of high-energy consumption is poor house keeping and maintenance resulting in excessive down time. The poor maintenance not only results in higher energy consumption but also leads to lower rate of production. In order to control and minimize the machine and equipment downtime a planned preventive maintenance routine has to be adopted by the mills, on a regular basis. During various energy and process audits conducted by CPPRI, it has been observed that not much attention is paid to proper maintenance and house keeping of major processes, machines and equipment. By following simple measures and preventive maintenance of some of the high energy consuming equipments, mill can save up to 10 % in energy consumption and result in significant reduction in downtime. Aarticle highlights section/ equipment wise preventive maintenance practices to be followed by pulp and paper mills.
3 tables, 7 ref
Mukesh Kumar
008852 Mukesh Kumar (Gardner Denver Nash Singapore Pte Ltd. Delhi, 112-113, Vikas Deep, laxmi Nagar District Centre, Delhi-110 092) : Paper machine vacuum system: problems and solutions. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 99-101.
Most Paper Machines employ Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps, which are low speed maintenance friendly machines. While the liquid ring vacuum itself does not require a great deal of attention, the Paper Machine Vacuum System being the heart of the machine need to be kept in good health to keep the machine running smoothly and efficiently. The Paper deals with the common problems encountered in the Paper Machine Vacuum System and gives the practical tips to identify the problems in timely manner and provides simple practical solutions. The vacuum system problems addressed in this paper include: Low Vacuum Levels High Motor Load & Motor Tripping, Hot Pump Operation, Noisy Pump Operation, Pump Vibration.
5 ref
Mishra D K;Joshi H C;Chandra N
008851 Mishra D K;Joshi H C;Chandra N (Century Pulp And Paper, Ghanshyamdham Lalkua, Nainital, Uttranchal) : Alkaline sizing - a tool for quality improvement of bagasse paper century pulp & paper case study. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 111-21.
Sizing is one of the most critical properties of Writing & Printing Paper, which decides the quality of printing at press room. Degree of sizing depends on end use of paper and influenced by various factors viz. type of raw material, type of sizing material, machine configuration and operating conditions. Paper Makers are always under pressure to strike the balance between desired sizing level and cost. Balancing the wet end chemistry is the key to success. Over the last 50 years sizing technology has undergone various developments. Paper deals with our experience with various types of sizing materials used for sizing the bagasse based papers.
4 illus, 6 tables, 4 ref
Khawas S L;Shankar A M V;Bhaskar T S
008850 Khawas S L;Shankar A M V;Bhaskar T S (NO, ITC Ltd. Paper boards and Specialty Paper Division, Unit: Bhadrachalam Village, Sarapaka-30" 128, Dist Khammam, Andhara Pradesh) : Maintenance strategies and case studies in paper machines. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 125-8.
In today's globalization scenario, the success lies in reducing manufacturing cost. This has made the organizations to focus on maintenance as a profit center. The need of the hour is to reduce unexpected breakdowns and increase MTBF. This has made the maintenance managers to focus on a systematic approach towards maintenance of Paper Machine equipment for increased productivity. This has been well illustrated by presenting the actual expenditures and budgets of last many years in paper machine section at ITC-PSPD to illustrate the advantage of planned maintenance.
8 illus
Janbade Anuradha V;Tandon R;Mathur R M;Roy T K;Kulkarni A G;Delagoutte T
008849 Janbade Anuradha V;Tandon R;Mathur R M;Roy T K;Kulkarni A G;Delagoutte T (Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Paper Mills Road, Near Himmat Nagar, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Simulation of recycling pilot plant process: effect of process modification on stickies control. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(4), 133-6.
Stickles control is one of the most complex problems being faced by the recycled fiber (RCF) based mills. Given the unpredictable nature of the stickies and stickles related problems, it is necessary to study the influence of possible control solutions before they are adopted by any mill. Computer simulation technique offers one such approach that can be used to study the effects of various treatment options that are available for stickies control. Different probable solutions can be simulated and compared in order to find the best possible solution. In the present study, a recycling pilot plant trial was simulated to study the effects of process modification on stickies removal efficiency. The pilot plant trial included physico- chemical processes like floatation & dissolved air floatation (DAF) that are known to facilitate removal of stickies from a paper recycling system.
3 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref
Jain R K;Singh K;Roy T K
008848 Jain R K;Singh K;Roy T K (Central pulp and paper Research Institute, P.O. Box No. 174, Paper Mill Road, Near Himmat nagar, Saharanpur-247 001) : Indian paper industry raw material scenario, growth prospects pathways. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 129-37.
Presents the recent trends in the key parameters of the Indian paper industry with respect to production and Impex of paper, paperboard and newsprint. A study has been presented on the capacity trends in the industry in the recent past including the recently announced greenfield expansions. An attempt has been made to analyze the issues before the industry particularly with reference to raw material and the response of the paper sector in addressing the same.
10 illus, 6 tables, 5 ref
Ilindra A;Dhake J D
008847 Ilindra A;Dhake J D (Pulp and Paper Technology Dep, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440 010) : Novel value added product from cellulosic waste. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 149-52.
White waste paper cuttings and white cotton hosiery waste are the cellulosic material obtained from wood and cotton. The use of these materials is one of the effective ways of utilization of cellulosic waste for getting value added product like microcrystalline cellulose. The cellulose obtained from waste cellulosic materials was purified. The purified cellulose contains near about 90% alpha cellulose. When this fibrous alpha cellulose was allowed to hydrolytic degradation under controlled conditions with weak hydrochloric acid, cleavage of glucosidic linkage between carbon and oxygen occurs. The different characteristics of prepared microcrystalline cellulose were comparable with the characteristics of commercially available microcrystalline cellulose and the specifications given by Indian Standards.
2 tables, 9 illus, 8 ref
Harkonen H
008846 Harkonen H (NO, Asia Pacific Oy SKF Ab, P.O. Box 80, 40951, Muurame, Finland) : Improved oil lubrication systems for paper machines. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 95-8.
During last decades there has been significant development in the paper making technology. The speed of the machines is higher, machines are wider and the automation level is quite different as 20 years ago. However the lubrication of the paper machines has not followed this development. Basically the lubrication systems are operating very similar way, as they have done always, although the lubrication related problem, like water in oil and huge oil costs are getting worse. Finnish lubrication system manufacturer Safematic, now part of SKF Group, started few years ago a research project, where the target was to develop more efficient lubrication system, specially for paper machine circumstances. Based on this project the new Flowline lubrication system was presented. Now after few years experiences, this new type of lubrication system has shown that the lubrication really can be done more effective and simultaneously the typical water and air problems can be avoided.
5 illus
Dutt D;Tyagi C H;Upadhyaya J S;Singh S
008845 Dutt D;Tyagi C H;Upadhyaya J S;Singh S (Paper Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Sahranpur-247 001) : Development of specialty papers is an art: playing cards from Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leucaena leaucocephala and Bambusa aurandacea-part XV. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 153-5.
The study aims at developing playing cards from locally available hardwoods like, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leucaena leaucocephala and grass like Bambusa aurandacea of Assam origin. These cellulosic raw materials are mostly utilized, in India, in different proportions. This specialty paper requires better look, long lasting, non-effective in water and protection from dust, which may be developed separately by off machine operation. The most important properties of base paper for playing cards are structural properties like caliper, sizing, peeling resistance, optical properties like brightness and opacity and mechanical properties like tear and bursting strength. The results of laboratory made playing cards base paper are promising and fulfill the purpose of end users.
2 tables, 6 ref
Day A;Chattopadhay S N;Ghosh I N;Bhaduri S K
008844 Day A;Chattopadhay S N;Ghosh I N;Bhaduri S K (National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibres Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 12, Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Cellulose derivatives from jute stick, an agrowaste. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 145-8.
A study for making cellulose derivatives from jute stick has been carried out for utilization of large amount of jute stick available after extraction of golden jute fibre. For obtaining cellulose with high purity from jute stick, two stage pulping process was followed i.e. prehydrolysis followed by Kraft pulping. Different prehydrolysis and Kraft pulping conditions were used to produce pulp with different -Cellulose content to be used for different possible uses. Jute stick pulp containing 93% -Cellulose was to produce cellulose derivatives like CMC-Na and Microcrystalline Cellulose. Characterization of jute stick pulp was done. High -Cellulose containing jute stick cellulose pulp was compared with different standard commercial cellulose pulps available in the market. Specification for Microcrystalline Cellulose obtained from jute stick cellulose has also been listed.
4 tables, 10 ref
Chopra R;Gupta P;Bhatt-Bhatt H;Gupta J K
008843 Chopra R;Gupta P;Bhatt-Bhatt H;Gupta J K (Kalpataru Infosoft (P) Ltd. 701, Avdesh House, Opp. Gurudwara, Thaltey, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-380 054) : It application in-"mill wide maintenance strategiys" in paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 113-16.
With the advent and advancements in IT, Manufacturing organization has been opting to go for IT solution in large numbers to have the control and maximizing the efficiency of their operations. Though not much have been seen in Pulp and Paper industry to go for ERP solutions but the recent years growth has now showing effect on this industry as well and one can see increased awareness and willingness to opt these kind of systems. The application of CMMS can extensively help any organization in cost effective, efficient and ratable maintenance.
Chauhan V S;Singh S P;bajpai P K
008842 Chauhan V S;Singh S P;bajpai P K (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Paper Technology Div, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Lumen loading of bleached pulps by in-situ precipitation of filler. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 139-43.
The in-situ precipitation method has been used to precipitate sodium alumino-silicate as filler on the fibres using papermaker's alum and sodium silicate. The filler was produced in two ways; first in absence of fibres and second in presence of fibres i.e. in-situ loading of filler. The fresh filler produced in absence of fibre was then added to the pulp slurry. Comparison of various pulp and paper properties was made for direct loading of market filler, fresh filler loading and filler prepared in-situ with fibres. In-situ lumen loading technology provided paper with significant improvement in various properties of paper as compared to fillers directly added to the stock. Bulk and stiffness of the hand sheets prepared with in-situ precipitation were much higher than those of sheets prepared with fillers directly added to the pulp. There is no appreciable increase in brightness and whiteness of paper with in-situ precipitation. In-situ filler loaded pulps showed higher filler retention value as compared with directly filler loaded pulps.
1 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref
Chakravorty S K
008841 Chakravorty S K (Technology Management, National Productivity Council, Utpadakta bhawan, lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003) : Selection of proper maintenance strategy for paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 107-11.
5 illus
Bhargava V K
008840 Bhargava V K (Petroleum Conservation Research Association, Sanrakshan Bhawan, 10 Bhukaji Cama Place, New Delhi-110 066) : Changing maintenance strategies. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 73-7.
"Maintenance Strategy is to improve on stream factor of equipment, systems and plant at large by using all maintenance management techniques effectively and efficiently with maximum cost consciousness. The industries are using different types of equipment from different countries and companies and as such the maintenance problems are also of varied dimensions. Maintenance engineer problems are 'bought' with the plant. The decisions which are made when the plant is being designed, ordered, constructed and installed affect the way it will run and affect the way in which it has to be maintained and looked after. In the process of specifying and designing new plant, when the user has given the plant maker all the information he can and the plant maker has incorporated this with his own expertise, and produced a design, there is at this stage a need and an opportunity to review and evaluate the design before it is finalized. The technique evolved is known as design review or design audit. This is carried out by a team of specialists of varied disciplines whose purpose is to examine the design, to identify and weakness of missed opportunities and to judge whether it will meet the laid down objectives".
3 illus
Barratt M
008839 Barratt M (SKF Reliability System, 4141 Ruffin Road, San Diego, CA 92123 United States (USA)) : Proactive reliability maintenance. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 79-82.
2 illus, 11 ref
Bansal M C
008838 Bansal M C (Paper Technology Dep, IIT Roorkee, Sharanpur-247 001) : Theory and practice of maintenance. IPPTA Jl 2007, 19(3), 103-6.
Maintenance is an essential activity of any manufacturing unit. It is possible with good skilled, and trained labour force. Any forward looking management shall work with good strategy for improved financial performance, strive for best systems and processes, plan to enhance the employee skills with good corporate governance. Each of these factors has a role to play in the process of value creation and positive growth of the company. The best managed companies use clear distribution of responsibilities and powers in the organization. Due consideration should be given to periodic reports from different sections for predictive and preventive maintenance for zero loss in production time. Adequate budget provisions should be made for spares, contracting labour and regular maintenance staff. The mill should strive for zero break down maintenance and zero defect in product quality.
6 ref