004994   Shivaprakash A V;Raju A S;Babha Fakrudin P; Raj Nayak L P (Govt. S.K.S.J.T.I., , K.R. Circle, Bangalore-560 001) : Cost reduction using optimum inventory levels in garment industry. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(6), 225-7.

Garment industry too is very much dependent on its inventories. Control of inventory flow is vital for any manufacturing unit, since inventory control plays a significant role in its profitability. Inventory in Garment industry consists of the following items: Garmenting items - are those which directly form a part of the garment. Eg.- fabrics and trims. Non-garmenting items - are those which do not form a part of the garment, but, are very essential in the manufacturing process. Eg.- needles, trimmers, spare parts of sewing machinery, etc. Optimum inventory levels playa major role in the growth of an organization. On the other hand, excess inventories have resulted in the downfall of many industries. Industries are growing extensively aware of the benefits of having optimum inventories in stock so as to allow the usage of capital in a more effective way.

2 illus, 1 table

004993   Shiva Prakash A V;Kumar G (NO, G.S.K.S.J.T.I., Bangalore-560 001) : Role of sewing needles in garment industry. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(5), 186-90.

Effort has been made to consolidate comprehensive information of sewing needles used in garment industry. The industry is growing by leaps and bounds. It will help every beginner in the garment units to intercept every detail of sewing needles.

1 table

004992   Shirish Kumar G V N (Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, MUICT, Matunga, Mumbai) : Scope of biotechnology in textiles. J Text Ass 2007, 67(6), 263-66.

Textiles have been manufactured using various technologies since time immemorial. Human ingenuity and imagination, craftsmanship and resourcefulness are evident in textile products throughout the ages; We are to this day awed by beauty and sophistication of textiles sometimes found in archeological excavations. After fabricating the mansions of fashion and comfort textiles are now moving towards high-tech era of performance which has brought up diversification and expansion of technologies. This realization of technologists has coincided with rapid developments in technology and brought about a surge in research and development activities in textiles. Biotechnology in Textiles is one of the revolutionary ways to advance the textile field, and this paper bring up this issue into lime light.

3 tables, 4 ref

004991   Sharma V;Goel A (Clothing & Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar) : Latest advances in clothing physiology. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(3), 106-13.

The emerging new technology of smart textiles has created a niche market for functional materials. Different kinds of textile materials which are either mechanically or chemically modified to protect the wearer from adverse weather conditions.

6 illus, 10 ref

004990   Shanmugasundaram O L (Textile Technology Dep, KSR College of Technology, Tiruchengode-637 209) : Recent developments in medical textiles. J Text Ass 2007, 68(4), 193-7.

Medical textiles are a major growth area within the technical textile industry and the range of applications continues to grow, in diverse applications. Recent innovations include bacterial cellulose fibre for artificial blood vessels, bacterial polyester fibre for repairing bone fracture, deodorant fibre for nappies, etc. In tissue engineering, textiles are used as scaffolds, providing optimal spatial and nutritional conditions for cell maintenance. Tissue engineering textiles (nonwoven, woven and knitted fabrics) have been introduced for the development of different tissues in-vitro, such as liver, skin, bone, cartilage and muscle. The author informs about the above applications, which should help professionals pick threads for further research, commercial or technical.

2 illus, 10 ref

004989   Shalaby S E;Al-Balakocy N G;Abo El-Ola S M (Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, , Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : Alkaline treatment of polyethylene glycol modified poly (Ethylene terephthalate) fabrics. J Text Ass 2007, 68(1), 31-8.

The work aims at investigating the kinetic behaviour of the alkaline treatment of polyethyleneglycol modified poly (ethylene terePhthalate) (PEG-M-PET) and regular poly (ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET) (for comparison) fabrics. The effect of the introduction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties in macromolecule on the hydrolysis behaviour of PET samples and some properties of treated fabrics were studied. Effect of reaction parameters such as treatment time, concentration of sodium hydroxide, and temperature on the extent of hydrolysis was examined. The mechanism of hydrolytic degradation of PEG-M-PET and R-PET fabrics, as determined by weight loss, had also been ascertained. At equivalent parameters of alkali concentration, time and temperature of treatment the weight loss levels obtained in the case of PEG-M-PET were higher than when the alkaline treatment was carried out in the presence of R-PET fabrics. Weight loss increases linearly with treatment time and nonlinearly with alkali concentration and reaction temperature. The extent of nonlinearity is lower for PEG-M-PET fabrics as compared to that of R-PET samples. Control and treated PEG-M-PET and R-PET fabrics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and thermal (DSC, TGA) properties. It was found that alkaline treated PEG-M-PET fabrics are characterized with deeper cavities on the surface which ran parallel to the fibre axis, higher decrease in breaking strength and flexural rigidity, less surface roughness, lower T_g values and higher decomposition temperature (Td) as compared to the R-PET weight reduced samples.

5 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

004988   Sasikala L;Ganesan P;Hariharan S (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore) : Application of neural networks in fabric engineering. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(10), 361-6.

An Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous system, such as brain, process information. ANN consists of many simple computational neural units connected to each other. An input is presented to some (or all) of its input units, this input vector is propagated through the whole network and finally, some kind of output is splitted out. ANN's real power is on its ability to learn, that is, the function is not constant but can be changed dynamically. Neural networks perform computation in a very different way than conventional computers, where a single central processing unit sequentially dictates every piece of the action. Neural networks are built from a large number of very simple processing elements that individually deal with the pieces of a big problem. Today ANN's are being applied to an increasing number of real-world problems of considerable complexity. They are good pattern recognition engines and robust classifiers, with the ability to generalizing making decisions about imprecise input data. They offer ideal solutions to a variety of classification problems such as speech, character and signal recognition, as well as functional prediction and system modeling where the physical processes are not understood or are highly complex. The ANN, inspire of being a new entrant in this field, has notched up a number of papers to its credit. In the area of fabric - property prediction, traditionally subjective areas like handle and drape have received considerable attention.

9 illus, 10 ref

004987   Sasikala L;Ganesan P;Hariharan S (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaragur College of Technology, Coimbatore) : Processing of leather for garments. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(10), 356-60.

In the past two decades leather has been used to great extent for fashionable clothing like coats, jackets, trousers, shirts, skirts, swimming suits etc., Leather and fur making is the one of the oldest trades of mankind. In the early days, the skins of animals killed for food were made fast to putrefaction by kneading them with grease, which also made them supple and soft. In addition, the skins were smoked over an open fire to prevent from rotting. The skins treated in this way, complete with coat of hair, were mainly used for fur garments to protect the wearer against the adversities of the weather. Over the centuries, further methods were developed, often as a result of chance discoveries.

1 table, 4 ref

004986   Saravanan D (NO, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode) : Sonic modulus-a unique characterisation method. J Text Ass 2007, 67(5), 211-13.

Physical and Chemical characterization methods can be used to analyze the polymeric materials with reference to their molecular arrangement, degree of crystallinity, crystalline orientation, thermal degradation, melting and other transitions related behaviours. Many of the characterization methods involve degradation or destruction of the samples for analysis purpose. Sonic modulus is a unique characterization technique which does not involve destruction or degradation of the specimen but gives a measure of overall orientation, useful analyses of many of the mechanical properties.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

004985   Sanapapamma K J;Naik S D (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, UAS, Dharwad-580 005) : Durability of Ahimsa silk shirtings. J Text Ass 2007, 67(5), 215-19.

Ahimsa silk shirting materials were evaluated to know the influence of mechanical properties on it serviceability of the shirting material. The extent of dependency of functional properties on mechanical properties were examined by regression test. The influence of yam count, cloth count, cloth thickness on tensile strength, elongation and abrasion resistance of shirting materials were found to be statistically significant and positively related. Further, there existed no relationship between cloth count on tensile strength and yarn count on elongation.

8 tables, 3 ref

004984   Renuka Devi M;Poornima N;Guptan P S (Textile Technology Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai-25) : Bamboo- the natural, green and eco-friendly new-type textile material of th 21st century. J Text Ass 2007, 67(5), 221-4.

The fashion world is constantly seeking and latching onto new materials. The folk fashion craze spurred demand for natural, handmade-looking textiles that exude warmth, while synthetic fabrics with a sleek look have also recently been popular. One of the hot Items is fabrics made from traditional Japanese materials, such as bamboo and washi (handmade Japanese paper). Bamboos are a primitive sub family of grasses that include over 70 genera and 1,200 species worldwide. They are native to all continents except Europe, Antarctica and the Arctic. In the spotlight at the Tokyo Spring and Summer collection was a series of coats and pants made of fabric containing bamboo fibers. Bamboo fiber clothes have actually been showing up in department stores and women's boutiques. Bamboo is now being made into a fiber that has wonderful characteristics. Bamboo fibers are the newest thing to hit the textile arena. An exclusive manufacturing process makes it possible to create a highly breathable, absorbent fabric entirely from bamboo fiber. Clothes made of this fabric sell for around the same price as ordinary clothes and have a distinctive softness and cool, light texture.

3 illus, 1 ref

004983   Rekha R;Chauhan P D (Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, , Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Membrane filtration technology - Part III. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(11), 395-8.

Deals with efficacy of membrane type solute separation equipment to reduce pollution from effluent loads coming from textile wet processing industry. This technology will facilitate recycling of chemicals and conserve water during wet processing.

10 tables, 9 ref

004982   Rekha R;Chauhan P (The Synthetic and Art Silk Mills' Research Association, , Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Membrane filtration techniques - Part I. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(2), 58-60.

Membrane filtration processes reduce effluent generated during wet processing. There are various principles available viz. microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis to control the separation of dye particles, salts and other related effluents thereby reducing water pollution and minimising hazards to the environment.

7 ref

004981   Rawat P;Srivastva M (Textiles ad Apparel Designing Dep, H.Sc. College, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001) : Development of handmade paper sheets using water hyacinth. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(4), 137-40.

Water hyacinth is a fast growing floating aquatic weed. Several important fishery lakes, reservoirs and ponds are rendered completely or largely unproductive through out the country by the heavy infestation of water hyacinth. Though there are various methods of controlling aquatic weed either by physical or chemical method, it is costly and painstaking process. Despite of the several efforts with different control measures and heavy expenditures, man has had hardly any success in controlling this weed. To achieve the objectives, it was carried out in three phases i.e., collection of raw material, pulp making, development of handmade paper and testing of physical parameters of handmade sheet. The study was carried out in Udaipur city. Study revealed that the water hyacinth pulp have good potential in developing handmade sheets of three different ratios (l: 1, 1:2, 2:3). Concluded that the developed water hyacinth handmade sheet were found highly acceptable in terms of utility and marketability.

5 tables, 5 ref

004980   Ramesh Kumar M (NO, SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam-638 183) : Yarn quality depends upon the settings and spindle speeds. J Text Ass 2007, 67(5), 225-6.

The study has been conducted for five counts like, 34^s carded, 40^s carded, 40^s combed (H), 60^s carded and 80^s combed. The paper also gives the results of the study on the effect of different spindle speed on evenness, imperfections and hairiness then effect of different back-zone setting in ring frames on imperfections. (Samples were collected from same set of spindles and also back process).

4 tables, 2 ref

004979   Rakshit A K;Hira M A;Sambhari S (Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, Sasmira6pWorli, Mumbai-400 030, ) : Reflective cracking on roads and measures to control it. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(3), 91-7.

Road surfaces whether flexible, rigid or semi-rigid are subjected to traffic loads and thermal deformation leading to formation of cracks on the road surface. The asphatic overlay is generally carried out to retard the propagation of these cracks. However, the cracks from the underlaying old pavement tend propagate onto the new overlaid surface; these are termed as reflective cracking. The mechanism of propagation of reflective cracks and the various measures to control these have been discussed. Geotextiles are effective in controlling reflective cracking and improve the surface life of the road.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

004978   Rakshit A K;Hira M A;Sambari S (Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, , Sasmira marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Geotextiles in pavement overlay applications. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(5), 164-8.

It has been identified that geotextiles can be used in the subgrade, at the pavement overlay or at the surface overlay to increase the service life of roads. Presents a report on the actual pavement overlay geotextile material designed and developed by SASMIRA and field trial of the same at a prominent location in Mumbai.

2 illus, 9 tables

004977   Rakshit A K;Hira M A;Sambari S (Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, SASMIRA, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Various geosynthetics in preventing reflective cracking. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(4), 124-8.

Advantages of application of geosynthetics in road construction have been well established. These can exist at various levels viz., at subgrade soil, within pavement overlay and at surface overlay. Focuses on the later two areas of geosynthetic application in road construdion. The various requirements and technical specifications of geosynthetics for various road constructions have been depicted by the authors.

2 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

004976   Prasad A K (Textile Leather Paper Chem Div, M/s Clariant Chemicals India Ltd, ) : Novel effects in garment processing and value added finishes. J Text Ass 2007, 68(1), 39-42.

The garment industry's new drive towards higtl value added products is prompted by increasing competition from other countries. Current size of apparel industry is 45 Billion US$, which is 40% of the world market, highest amongst the other potential segments - Technical Textiles (18%), Home Textiles (20%). Whrldwide chemical consumption in apparel segment is around 60%. Chemicals play a very significant role be it giving a class of touch through the effects colorful prints to soft handle, from easy care to nano finish and so on. Garment Industry is developing textiles with smart functioning using new chemical products to provide extra comfort and increased performance. For example, EASY CARE properties for garments which require minimum ironing and resist soiling and staining, ANTIMICROBIAL finishes for leisure and sportswear to prevent odor problems generated by bacteria and so on. With a shift to consumer centric thinking, trend in the supply chain, wherein it's buyers and retailers with whom the decision making rests, process houses and chemical suppliers are constantly striving to innovate or develop new products/concepts for the market and some of these innovations are discussed in the paper.

3 illus, 1 table

004975   Pramod R K;Itagi M R;Sivakumar M (DCTSC, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Centrol Silk Board Rayapura, Dharwad) : Alternative approach for dupion silk twisting. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(9), 337-9.

Dupion Silk, manufactured from reeling of 'double cocoons', is used as weft yarn for novelty applications. The dupion silk yarn twisted on up twister and down twister principle has been studied and the observations are delineated.

2 tables, 1 ref

004974   Prakash C (Fashion Technology Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem) : Dimensional properties of polyester-lycra air covered knitted fabric. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(2), 48-51.

The main objectives of knitted garment are to provide required stretch and comfort properties to the human body. To improve these properties, Lycra, the more elastomeric filament is used along with cotton or man-made as core spun. Single jersey fabric is produced from Polyester / Lycra air-covered yarn with different loop lengths. The study covers about the testing of dimensional properties of the single jersey knitted fabric. After the fabric production, the fabric was dry relaxed. Wales per inch, Courses per inch, Fabric width, Loop length and Fabric thickness are all measured. Then the fabric was wet relaxed and tested for the above parameters. Then the samples were heat set at various stretch levels at 180°C. It was found that the dimension of fabric shows considerable change during wet relaxation. The fabric shows very good appearance when heat set at all stretch levels at 180°C in course direction. The fabric with a loop length of 2.5 mm was found to have better appearance when compared to the fabrics of other loop lengths. In particular 10% stretch level shows a better appearance for 2.5 mm loop length.

3 illus, 10 tables, 8 ref

004973   Poornima A;Sharada Devi A (Apparel & Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, ANGRAU, Saifabad, Hyderabad) : Chitin - another eco-friendly mordant for natural dyes. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(8), 303-7.

The ban on few synthetic dyes due to environmental pollution has fac1fuated the revival of natural dyes. According to the eco-standards, very few mordants were considered as eco-friendly. In search of an eco-friendly mordant, chitin a natural polysaccharide that has wide range of applications stands a chance. Study was undertaken to find its impact as a mordant for natural dyes. Cotton mordanted with chitin when dyed with four selected dye sources exhibited a range of soft, lustrous pastel shades with good to excellent colourfastness to all serviceable conditions.

4 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

004972   Nayak R K;Chatterjee K N;Gon D P;Tonwar A (NO, Technological Institute of Textile Sciences6pBhiwani, Haryana-127 021, ) : Handle and comfort properties of polyester/viscose suiting fabrics. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(8), 288-92.

The handle properties of the fabrics have been studied by measuring the low stress mechanical properties on Kawabata Evaluation System. The thermal comfort has been studied by measuring the air permeability, thermal insulation and moisture vapour transfer. The effect of polyester content, pick density and fabric direction on fabric tactile and thermal comfort have been studied. The fabrics with higher viscose content give better hand, higher air permeability and higher moisture vapour transfer but lower thermal insulation.

5 tables, 12 ref

004971   Nayak R;Chatterjee K N;Khurana G K (NO, Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021) : RFID: tagging the new ERA. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(5), 174-7.

RFID is an automatic identification method consisting of several components such as tags, tag readers, edge servers, middleware, and application software. There are four main frequency bands for RFID tags commonly in use. They are categorized by their radio frequency: low frequency tags (125 or 134.2 kHz), high frequency tags (13.56 MHz), UHF tags (868 to 956 MHz), and microwave tags (2.45 GHz or 5.8 GHz). RFID tags can be either active, semi-passive (Le. semi-active) or passive. In the field of Textile and Apparel the RFID is used in manufacturing, inventory control, warehousing, distribution, logistics, automatic object tracking, supply chain management etc. The studies of one of the most promising technological innovations in Information Technology i.e., Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is discussed.

4 illus, 17 ref

004970   Nadiger G S (Textiles Committee, , Mumbai) : Care labeling of textile apparels. J Text Ass 2007, 68(1), 7-18.

Textiles and clothing should fulfill the functional comfort, aesthetic safety and ecological requirements. Textiles are soiled during their normal use. Hence, these are to be cleaned and refurrbished for reuse without substantially altering their serviceability characteristics. Textile care includes the wet washing dry cleaning, drying, ironing and bleaching. Wherever necessary. Textile care industry in this connotation includes washer man, laundry, professional cleaning establishments and last but not the least domestic washing by consumers. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) of USA promulgated a trade regulation on the care labeling of textile and certain goods in 1971 and amended it in 1983.

14 ref

004969   Mitra G;Mazumdar P K;Bhattacharya S K (Textile Technology Dep, Government College of Engineering and Textile Technology, Hooghly, West Bengal) : Changes in low-stress properties of silk fabric in processing. J Text Ass 2007, 68(4), 182-9.

This interesting paper reviews the works of different scientists on fabric setting, effect of setting on MD properties, measurement of low-stress properties, low-stress properties of silk fabrics and effect of mechanical and chemical processing on mechanical properties of fabrics. The studies are important for engineering fabrics to suit the needs of consumers. The paper is apparently relevant to producers of all fabrics as it essentially covers an integrated view of fabric formation and finishing.

3 tables, 21 ref

004968   Mishra N;Singh A;Tuteja S (Textiles and Clothing Dep, College of Home Science, C.S.A.U. of Agril. & Tech., Kanpur) : Optimization of stiffening procedure for coloured silk. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(5), 182-5.

India is one of the most popular country in the world using starch. Most of the use of starch is common in India. Only from 25 years ago starching in clothes was in practice. Starching is very common on silk fabric. It may help to prevent pesticides from reaching the skin. The main aim of this finish is to increase brightness, stiffness and strength of the fabric.

4 illus, 5 tables

004967   Mashaly H M (National Research Centre, Textile Division, , Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : Cationisation of cotton fabrics to improve dyeing with osage orange natural dye. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(7), 250-7.

Cotton fabric treated with two different cationising agents was dyed with colouring matter extracted from natural origin osage orange. Factors affecting dye extraction such as concentration of natural origin, time of extraction, were studied. Also factors affecting dyeing properties for cationised cotton fabrics such as pH values, salt conc., temperature, time of dyeing bath were also studied. Environmentally friendly mordants were used through premordanting and post mordanting methods. The fastness properties including light, washing, and perspiration for dyed and mordanted fabrics were assessed. CIE lab (L *, a*, b*) were measured for dyed mordanted cationised cotton fabrics.

6 illus, 8 tables, 40 ref

004966   Malmarugan D (NO, , ) : Customer expectations of service quality in online purchase of apparel. J Text Ass 2007, 68(4), 158-63.

The author explains in the article certain facets of online apparel shopping, pointing out that information search about apparel is also a part of online shopping. Online shoppers of apparel are mostly innovative people. The vast potential of this marketing channel needs to be tapped. Essentially a review of extant literature on the subject, the article offers insights that can help marketers seek better understanding of the phenomenon.

42 ref

004965   Kariyappa;Shillin S N;Roy S;Somasheakar T H (NO, , ) : Effect of mechanical raising on properties of Eri spun silk fabric. J Text Ass 2007, 67(6), 277-81.

The weft backed fabric has been woven in power loom by using 2/60s white Eri spun silk yam in warp and 2/20 s white Eri spun silk yarn in the weft. The fabric has been raised in mechanical raising machine. Both the fabric i.e. raw as well as raised fabrics have been tested for various mechanical properties, according to international standard testing method. Results have been compared and analysed as per the requirement of the industry. The results of the investigation thoroughly discussed.

1 table

004964   Kariyappa;Ramaswamy G N;Roy S;Promod R K (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, B.T.M. Layout, Madivala, Bangalore) : Influence of different process on Eri Noil spinning and yarn characterisation. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(7), 240-9.

Noil waste generated during Eri spun silk yarn spinning has been successfully processed on woolen, cotton and Open end system of spinning and economics have been measured. Yarn produced from these systems has been tested according to international standard testing methods. Results have been compared as per the requirement of industry. Results of the investigation thoroughly discussed. It is found that open end system of spinning is most techno economically suitable for spinning of Eri Noil waste.

15 illus, 8 tables

004963   Kariyappa;Mahadevaiah B M;Roy S;Ramaswamy G N;Anantha Krishnan T;Srinath K (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Central Silk Board, Bangalore) : Studies on influence of eri/wool fibre blending on abrasion resistance of Eri/wool blended fabric. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(10), 370-4.

When fabric is rubbed against surface, abrasion of the fibre surface occurs due to friction. Abrassion is the rubbing away of component fibres and yarns of the fabric. The fabric wear of the material depends on the construction of yarn or fabric. The life of the fabric depends on the resistance to abrasion. Moreover the type of fibre determines the abrasion resistance of fabric. Study was carried out to know the influence of Eri/wool fibre blending on Abrasion resistance of Eri/wool blended fabric in respect of thickness loss (%) and in mass loss (%) of the pure Eri, pure wool and its blended fabrics. Study shows that Eri silk is more resistance to abrasion, thickness loss% and weight loss%.

7 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

004962   Kanakaraj P;Raj Priya M (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Footwear textiles. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(4), 129-32.

6 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

004961   Kamel M M;Mashaly H M;Mansour H F;Horoun A A (Dyeing Printing and Auxilaries Dep, National Research Center, , Egypt) : Clean dyeing technology with basic natural dye on cotton fabrics using ultrasonic technique. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(8), 280-7.

Textile dyeing technology is today interested to natural dyes, owing to their Eco-preservatio and the growing awareness of their non-hazardous nature. Synthetic dyes involve many carcinogenic chemicals and the effluents, which are discharged in the river or emitted in the atmosphere result in pollution. Synthetic basic dyes remarked high acute and chronic toxicity on human beings, carcinogenic effect on animals, in addition to a hazardous effect on aquatic marines. These factors have brightened the scope to carry out this research, by making a comparative dyeing study by ultrasonic and conventional heating techniques on cotton fabrics with the only known natural basic dye; Berberine. Cotton fabrics are characterized by their low dye affinity and poor fastness properties to washing and light when using basic dyes. Study remarked the optimum dyeing condition of cotton fabrics dyed with Berberine dye, and evaluated the different fastness properties.

13 illus, 3 tables, 53 ref

004960   Kale S;Naik S;Deodhar S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, MAU, Parbhani) : Cosmos flowers: an effective source of natural dye for wool. J Text Ass 2007, 68(4), 164-8.

Natural, as opposed to synthetic, dyes need to be explored further by the industry, because the developed world consumer's environmental concerns are rising steadily. More important is that the consumer is willing to pay higher prices also. In this interesting article, the authors report on experiments conducted for ascertaining usability of natural dyes extracted from cosmos flowers, in dyeing of woollen products. While the work done by the authors covers only wool, similar experiments are being conducted on other fibres also.

3 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref

004959   Kaiyappa;Shillin S N;Ramaswamy G N;Roy S; Somasheakar T H;Damodara Rao P M (CSTRI, CSB, , Bangalore-560 068) : Effect of mechanical raising on low stress, surface properties and total hand value of white eri spun silk fabric. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(12), 441-9.

The weft backed fabric has been woven on power loom by using 2/60' white Eri spun silk yarn in warp and 2/20' white Eri spun silk yarn in the weft. The fabric has been raised from mechanical raising machine. Both the fabric i.e. raw as well as raised fabrics have been tested for various low stress mechanical and surface properties as per international standard testing methods and Handle values have been evolved. Results have been compared as per the requirement of industry. It is found that after raising of fabric the fabric becomes, smooth, springy, bulky flexible, warmth, lighter and is more comfortable in summer as well as winter.

19 illus, 6 tables, 7 ref

004958   Jyoti;Ekta G;Fatima N;Singh A (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science ad Women's Development, AAI-DU, Allahabad) : Computer aided designing of cushion covers. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(11), 403-5,410.

An attempt has been made to design cushion covers using CAD. Developed covers were evaluated for colour combination, arrangement of motifs appropriateness and overall approvance of the design. Cost aspects and commercialisation requirements are also described.

2 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

004957   Jayalakshmi I;Amsamani S (Costume Design and Fashion Dep, P.S.G. College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore) : Bio-mordant for wool. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(7), 267-70.

Dyeing woollen yarn with Manjistha and Ratanjot was standardized by determining the optimum dyeing conditions, namely dye material concentration, dye material extraction time, dyeing time, mordant concentration and mordanting method. The washing, rubbing, light and perspiration fastness of the dyed samples was also evaluated, giving fair to excellent fastness grades.

1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

004956   Javali U C;Hipparigi S A;Sreenivasa (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, B.T.M. Layout, Madiwala, Bangalore-68) : Application of Lac dye on mulberry silk. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(6), 228-30.

Lac dye is one of the most valuable gift of nature to mankind and was extensively used on animal fibres like wool and mulberry silk in earlier days. But due to arrival of synthetic dyes and non-availability of lac dye in regular manner, its use has been arrested. Environmental awareness throughout the world different natural dyes including lac dye application on Tasar was tried.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

004955   Jagadale B B;Borkar S P (Textile Mfg. Dep, VJTI, Mumbai-400 019) : Innovations in mesh for hernia repair. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(5), 191-5.

Meshes find use in hernia repair and abdominal wall replacement and the challenge consist in the simultaneous realization of two principle requirements i.e. mechanical long term stability and a sufficient biocompatibility in one material system. Presently in-use polymer meshes made of PP, Dacron, polyglactin or polyglycolic acid only partly fulfill this task so far.

4 illus

004954   Iyer G V (NO, Dr. M. G. R. Univ, 36 Venkatesh Nagar Main Road, Virugambakkam, Chennai-600 092) : Design and production of an eco-friendly ginning technology for the processing of cotton fibres. J Text Ass 2007, 67(6), 255-62.

Discusses the pollution caused by chrome composite leather-clad (CCLC) rollers commonly used in cotton roller ginning mills and suggests an alternative roller material. CCLC rollers contain about 18,000 to 36,000 mg/kg (ppm) total chromium in trivalent and hexavalent forms, which are toxic to human health and carcinogenic. When seed-cotton is processed in double roller (DR) ginning machines, the lint is contaminated with chromium, and chromium particles are carried into the spun yarns and cotton by-products. Specifically, due to persistent rubbing of the leather-clad roller over the stationary knife during the ginning process, the lint is contaminated with about 140 to 1,990 ppm of chromium, and the spun yams and cotton by-products contain about 100 to 200 ppm, far in excess of the standard limit of 0.1 ppm. Gin and mill workers are directly exposed to this carcinogenic substance. To offset this problem, pollution-free rubberized cotton fabric (RCF) rollers have been fabricated and tested in roller gins. The RCF roller covering is made of multiple layers of fabric bonded together using a white rubber compound, which has a surface finish conducive to high ginning efficiency. This eliminates chromium contamination and pollution during the ginning process. On the basis of the design and development of various test rollers and subsequent evaluation studies, the performance of pollution-free RCF rollers has been demonstrated with reference to their commercial benefit and eco-friendliness in cotton ginning mills.

5 illus, 7 tables, 25 ref

004953   Hussain A;Goel A (Clothing & Textiles Dep, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand) : Fabric geometry and its effect on insulation properties. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(5), 169-73.

Comfort is not a property but a condition of mind. The human mind responds with various degrees of satisfaction to the ever-changing environment. This perception includes the effect of clothing between body and environment. It can be obtained through changing various aspects of clothing manufacturing processes such as at fibre stage, yarn stage, weaving and finishing processes. These all things affect the insulation properties of clothing and ultimately the comfort. So it is necessary that while manufacturing clothing these factors should be kept in mind.

1 illus, 7 ref

004952   Hira M A (Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, SASMIRA, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Latest developments in weaving : ITMA, 2007 review. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(10), 375-9.

The ITMA, 2007 is the best platform for the machinery manufacturers to showcase their specialty developments in various textile machines, so also weaving. Highlights the present state-of-the-art of developments in weaving machines displayed at ITMA, 2007 at Munich during the last month. There were more than 80 exhibitors of weaving and weaving ancillaries from different parts of the world, with few of them from India. The key features of the status of technology for weaving and weaving preparatory can be seen observed from the novel exhibits made by the various exhibitors. A few of such developments have been highlighted.

004951   Hayavadana J;Sheshachala D;Kulkarni S R (NO, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad) : Modification in the properties of WEFT knit de-weighted fabrics produced from 100% polyester and 100% cotton. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(2), 44-7.

These are the days of new inventions in Textiles specially for methodology, new fibres, machines etc resulting in an untiring effort by Technologies to improve the quick response of dress materials specially made in polyester. Polyester being declared as fibre of century has a wild spectrum of wild potential for surface modification or any finishing treatment. Leaving alone curling tendency of knits attempts are found to be successful in improving drapability. P.resent work throws some light on effect of caustic treatment on four groups of knits produced from 100% cotton, 100% polyester in equivalent counts. In first stage fabrics were de weighted and characterized for stitch density, loop shape factor, G.S.M.E.M.C etc by following standard method of testing. Results show expected trend from 100% polyester followed by polyester cotton union knit (3:1 feed material ratio) 100% polyester dyed fabric and 100% cotton.

5 tables, 5 ref

004950   Gupta N P;Agarwal R;Pant S (Textile Division, CSWRI, Avikanagar, Rajasthan) : Factors affecting felting of wool. J Text Ass 2007, 68(1), 43-5.

Paper deals with felting of wool, Felts are in class of nonwovens as no thread enters into the composition of this fabric and gives relationship between physical parameters and felting and processing parameters and felting.

18 ref

004949   Gudiyawar M Y;Singh N;Bhure A;Bhojane A A; Kamble S B (NO, D.K.T.E.S. Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji) : Effect of take-up overfeed of draw texturising machine on shrinkage and crimp characteristics of textured yarns. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(2), 52-4.

Textured yarns were produced at different take-up overfeeds in a draw-texturising machine. It was found that the dimensional stability of textured yarn increases and crimp level decreases with increase in take-up overfeed. Variation in crimp and shrinkage increases with take-up overfeeds of draw-texturising machine. Therefore, take-up overfeeds must be optimized in a draw-texturising machine to get better properties.

4 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

004948   Gopalakrishnan D (NO, Sardar vallabhabhai Patel Institute of Textile Management, Coimbatore) : High performance application of textiles. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(3), 84-90.

The strategies of the world are changing direction as a result of the innovative developments (and technological evolutions. This change in the scenario has put lot of thrust on R & D activities to deliver High Performance products to various applications. Proper utilization of the latest technology and using a techno engineering approach is the need of the hour to bring a sea change in the departments where they are to be modernized. A road map has been created identifying the critical areas with a view to equip the undeveloped areas with the start of the art performance with dual object of awakening the industry to modern trends and thereby meeting the expectations of the particular field. High performance textiles are the one, which is to fulfil the modern requirements of any industry. High performance fibres and their high tech products possess a wide range of properties like high modulus; high strength and low density and they are also capable of withstanding high temperatures. This makes them useful for Aerospace, Nuclear Biological Chemical warfare protective clothing, Ballistic armor applications (Bullet proofs, Helmets).

11 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

004947   Gokarneshan N;Dhanapal P (TIFAC-CORE in Textile Technology and Machinery, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 006) : Technology of illuminative fabrics. J Text Ass 2007, 67(6), 267-9.

The refractive index of any material is related to the total reflection on the inter-phase of two optic materials. When the angle of reflection is less than the critical angle, the light returns to the same phase from which it is coming from, at an inverse angle. In the case of woven structures, the optical leakage will take place in weft depending on the reflection law and system geometry. In the case of bent fabric the weft bend angle will change in many complex ways and this accordingly changes the light emission. The light emission improves with structures having floating weaves.

1 table, 12 ref

004946   Georgieva A;Stoilov T;Topalov Y;Girov K; Nikolov S (NO, University of Chemical Technology a d Metallurgy, 8 "Kliment Ohridsky" Boulevard, 1156 Sofia) : Possibilities for imparting stable antimicrobial properties to polyester textile materials. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(11), 392-4.

A new antimicrobial preparation "Flavinock" has been synthesized by mixing 1 % aqueous solutions of two known antimicrobial substances: potassium-5-nitro-8-oxyquinoline and chloromethylate-3,6-diaminoacriline. It has been characterized as a chemical compound by determining it molecular mass, melting temperature, solubility and element analysis. A technology has been developed for antimicrobial treatment of polyester textile materials aimed at producing vascular prostheses possessing a wide range of action against a great number of test microorganisms. The new antimicrobial preparation has a very good affinity towards polyester fibers, whicl1 suggests the formation of stable chemical bonds.

5 tables, 5 ref

004945   Georgieva A;Pishev D (NO, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria) : Effect of the kalium alkylsiliconate on the dyeing of cellulose textile materials with reactive dyes. Man Made Text India 2007, 50(6), 211-14.

Describes the effect of the kalium alkylsiliconate on dyeing cellulosic textile materials with 16 reactive dyes of the brands Levafix E, Drimarene K and Bezaktiv HE. It has been established that the depth of color increases by 20% approximately which gives ground to consider the kalium alkylsiliconate as an intensifier in the researched dying process.

3 tables, 4 ref