010318   Nayak R;Chatterjee K;Khandual A;Jaipura L (NO, Tehnological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani) : Evaluation of functional finishes. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(4), 130-5.

4 illus, 12 ref

010317   Maahale G;Goudar I;Rajashri K (College of Rural Home Science, Agricultural Science Univ, Dharwad-5) : Mahogany leaves-a natural dye source. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(3), 90-3.

Dyeing is usually among the last processes that lead to adding aesthetic appeal to fabrics. Nature provides different colouring matters of vegetable, animal and mineral origin; used for dyeing since ancient times. The major advantage of natural dyes is that they are biodegradable, non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and colours soothing to human eyes. The present paper envisages the application of new natural dye source i.e. Mahogany leaves. Optimisation of dyeing conditions using different textile materials has been studied.

9 tables, 3 ref

010316   Kariyappa;Damodara Rao P M;Ramaswamy G N;Roy S;Somashekar T H;Javali U C (NO, , ) : Comparative studies on physical properties of mulberry, tasar, munga and eri silk fibre. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(3), 85-9,93.

2 tables, 8 ref

010315   Gahlot N S;Khan Z M S;Ojha N G;Suryanarayan N (NO, , ) : Existing status of reeling, spinning and wearing units of Nawada district of Bihar-a field study. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(3), 101-4.

010314   Babal S;Arora K (Textiles & apparel Disigning Dep, College of Home Science MPUAT, Udaipur) : Knowledge of garment care symbols among women consumers. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(3), 98-100.

The investigation was undertaken to study the knowledge of garment care symbols among the women consumers. A sample size of thirty women consumers was selected from Shri ganganager of Rajasthan using double sampling method. The finding of the present study reveals that women consumers possessed poor knowledge. They did not realize the importance of garment care symbols. Need arises to intensify the efforts for the information empower the women consumers in the field of garment care symbols.

3 tables, 7 ref

009190   Yadav R;Karolia A;Mairal A (Textile Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara) : Soil release behaviour of finished cotton, polyester and polyester/cotton blended fabric. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(4), 124-9.

Sample of cotton, polyester and polyester/cotton blended fabrics were finished with two different soil-releases finishes i.e. chemical (A and B) and Carboxymethyl cellulose (C.M.C). The effect of these finishes on the interaction of fabrics with particulate solvent soil as well as their effect on the ease of soil removal was investigated. Samples were soiled with particulate solvent soil before and after application of finishes and then fabrics were evaluated for discoloration due to soiling and ease of soil removal after repeated laundering in a launder-o-meter; by measuring whiteness index on a spectrophotometer. The samples were tested for wear properties also. The chemical A and B gave better soil release properties in polyester and polyester/cotton blend where as C.M.C. treatment showed maximum soil release property for cotton fabrics. It was also seen that the soil-release tendency of fabrics depended on the fiber type and fabric construction of the textile samples.

1 illus, 7 tables, 9 ref

009189   Singh C;Grover E (Home Science Dep, Allahabad Agriculture Institute - Deemed University, Allahabad-211 007) : Red cabbage - a natural dye for silk. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(5), 157-60.

In recent years research in the field of textiles is focused on the sources of natural dyes. The dye yielding potential of vegetable of Red Cabbage was evaluated and results are presented for the first time on this vegetable. The colour shades, mordant wise colour change and fastness to washing, rubbing and perspiration were studied. The results revealed that the dye extracted from these Red Cabbage give good shades with satisfactory fastness to light, washing, crocking and perspiration on silk.

1 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

009188   Patil P G (Ginning Training Centre, Central Institute for Research on cotton Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra-440 023) : Ginning and pressing entrepreneurship. Indian Fmg 2008, 58(1), 16-17.

Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops of India producing 30 million bales per year from an area of around 9-5 million hectares. The quality of cotton fibre depends on genetic composition of variety as well as conditions under which it was grown. Although fibre quality per se cannot be improved during processing, improper handling or primary processing can adversely affect the quality. Ginning as a first and foremost step in cotton processing, determines quality of raw material that goes into textile production. Gin setting and gin maintenance are critical operations that affect the quality of cotton produced even if machines are new and modern. Efficient machines operated by skilled personnel are necessary for production of quality lint from ginning.

009187   Patel B H (Textile Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadadara-390 001, ) : Dyeing and antimicrobial finishing of polyurethane fibre with neem leaves extract. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(4), 119-16.

Neem (Azadirachta indica) extract, widely used as natural pesticide by Indian farmer, have the potential of being used as antimicrobial agent for textile. Polyurethane fibre has been dyed with a methanolic extract from the leaves of neem with and without salts. Variety of green colour shade can be produced by using different mordants. The colour of the samples has been evaluated on computer colour matching system in terms of K/S and L * a* b* colour coordinates. The dyed samples show moderate to good fastness to washing, light and rubbing. The antimicrobial activity of neem treated samples has been evaluated using Bromophenol Blue (BPB) test. The sample show very encouraging results in terms of antimicrobial resistivity.

3 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref

009186   Omar S;Goel A (NO, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar) : 3-Dimensional fabrics. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(4), 120-3.

Deals with brief introduction of three-dimensional fabrics, manufacturing techniques, and diversified application. 3-D textiles have a system in all the three axes of plane. These fabrics offer particular properties, such as interlaminar shearing force, and mechanical and thermal stability along all three axes of space. This integrated architecture provides improved stiffness and strength in the transverse direction and impedes the separation of in-plane layers in comparison to traditional two-dimensional fabrics. Simple flat (2-D) fabrics in thickness direction have very low stiffness and strength. This limitation restricts the use of simple 2-D fabrics in the field of space engineering, automotive engineering and sports goods. Recent automated manufacturing techniques have substantially reduced costs and significantly improved the potential for large-scale production. Three-dimensional (3-D) textile fabrics hold a promising future. The demand for these types of fabrics is increasing, especially in the area of high performance composites in housing, automobile industry, and reinforcement materials. Some new areas are health, hygiene & comfort, day to day life. However, the reduction in the cost of manufacturing and raw materials has to be brought about in order to make these goods competitive in the current & future markets.

2 illus, 8 ref

009185   Mitra A (Silpa-Sadana Dep, Visva-Bharati University, P.O. Sriniketan, Dist - Birbhum-731 236) : Effect of moisture on the quality of 100% viscose yarn. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(5), 153-6.

An attempt has been made to establish the effect of moisture on the quality of 100% viscose yarn, particularly Uster Imperfections, Classimat faults, yarn count, C.S.P. value, etc. Three samples were chosen. Each sample contained fourteen T.F.O. cones (yarn count being 2/36^{s Ne), of which seven cones were tested in dry condition and another seven were conditioned for 24 hours in conditioning room, followed by testing. A definite trend was found in some of the quality characteristics of the yarn. There was an increasing trend in the Uster U% and Uster C.V.% in the conditioned sample. In case of Classimat fault analysis, there is a definite increasing trend in thick places of both objectionable and total faults, and a definite decreasing trend in ease of thin places after conditioning. Moisture has also a direct effect on yarn count. The C.S.P. value of the conditioned sample decreased by about 300 than the dry sample.}

3 tables, 6 ref

009184   Mandal S;Abraham N (Pearl Academy of Fashion, , New Delhi) : Effect of fabric weight on bending rigidity - a statistical analysis. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(5), 161-3.

Study focuses on three major objectives- 1) effect of fabric weight on bending rigidity in warp direction, 2) effect of fabric weight on bending rigidity in weft direction, 3) comparison of bending rigidity in warp and weft direction of the fabrics. In the research, eight commercial woven fabrics having wide range of fabric weights are chosen. ASTM method and Kawabata Evaluation System are used to measure the fabric weight and bending rigidity respectively. To study the effect of fabric weight on bending rigidity, statistical methods are-adopted. It is found that fabric weight have significant effect on the bending rigidity. It is observed that the fabric weight have direct relation with warp bending rigidity, whereas it is not true in the case of weft bending rigidity. In addition, it is found that fabric weight have different impact on bending rigidity in different direction of the fabrics. The outcomes of the study could provide in-depth analysis of fabric weight on bending rigidity through statistical techniques. The success of study could help the apparel manufacturers to evaluate quality problems in garments, it would facilitate apparel production engineers in production planning and quality control.

4 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

009183   Goel A;Tyagi I (NO, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttaranchal) : Ingeo fiber. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(5), 149-51.

Ingeo^{TM fiber is the world's first man-made fiber derived from 100 percent annually renewable resources. It is made using fermentation of simple plant sugar as the first step to create a range of textile products and applications. It could eventually replace many of those products which are currently made from oil and other fossil resources.}

4 ref

007094   Wadje P R (NO, Textile & Engg. Institute, Ichalkaranji-416115, Maharashtra) : Challenges for small textile business. J Text Ass 2008, 69(1), 3-8.

Recent liberalisation measures have presented the industry with a golden opportunity to regain its last glory. The process has begun but a lot of work remains to the done. Author makes an attempt to present changes in Indian textile industry in the light of globalisation with special reference to challenges in Indian textiles.

17 ref

007093   Singh S P;Vani C S;Nagveni H C; (Cellulose and Paper Div, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, D. Dun, Email: satpals@mail.com) : Efficacy of chemically modified wood by vapour phase treatment with benapyl chloride against the fungal and termite resistance. J Timb Dev Ass India 2008, 54(1-4), 92-7.

Efficacy of chemically modified wood by vapour phase treatment with benzoyl chloride at optimized reaction condition for sapwood portion of four non-durable timber species viz. Rubber wood (Hevea brasillensis), Radiata pine (Finus radiata), Mango wood (Mangifera indica) and Chir pine (Pinus roxhurghii) by vapour phase treatments with Benzoyl chloride at optimum level of treatments (4 % lead acetate as catalyst, pyridine as swelling agent and time of treatment in vapour phase 6 hours at WPG of 21.25, 18.47, 35.9 and 25.02 respectively for each species) against the fungal and termite resistance has been discussed.

2 tables, 4 ref

007092   Satish Kumar (NO, , 214-Phase II, Vasant Vihar Dehra Dun, Email: Satish_dun@yahoo.com) : Green panels furniture and interiors (Pine wood MDF with low formaldehyde emissions). J Timb Dev Ass India 2008, 54(1-4), 104-14.

Indian furniture and cabinet making industry mostly uses MR grade UF bonded products (plywood and block boards) to keep production costs low. UF bonds being reversible in nature release formaldehyde vapors and ultimately results in delaminating of veneer sheets. This note highlights potential hazards likely to arise from the extensive use of traditional UF bonded panels in residential and commercial buildings. India having joined Eco-labeling Network has taken steps to implement the labels on formaldehyde emissions in the country. Indian Green Building Council has set out rules for formaldehyde emissions for Green Building ratings. Alternates to UF bonded plywood and block boards have also become available. Medium Density Fiber Board (MDF) with low emission of Formaldehyde have recently hit the market. MDF manufactured from softwood fibers is stronger and with added advantages of durability, fire resistance, dimensional stability, etc has potential to substitute low quality panels currently used by the industry. Improvement in quality and durability is needed by the Indian manufacturers to compete with high performance imported panels.

3 tables, 6 ref

007091   Saroha A K;Kumar Parmod;Sinha S (NO, Chemical Engineering Dep, I.I.T. Delhi Hauz Khas, N. Delhi) : Effect of cationic starch and long fiber pulp in the development of burst and tear index of recycled bagasse paper. IPPTA Jl 2008, 20(4), 159-66.

The bursting and tear strength of paper are the important properties; since these are very much essential various grades of paper like computer stationary, carry bag and kraft papers. The commercial bleached bagasse pulp was used in the present study and the use of cationic starch along-with the retention aids was incorporated to recover the loss in the burst index and the tear index of bagasse paper. As bagasse pulp has low recycling potential, therefore, its blending with bleached bamboo pulp in different proportions was studied to improve the burst and tear index of paper as well as the recycling potential of the paper. To attain the optimized strength properties of the paper produced for the specific use, the blending of long fibered pulp and the addition of strength improving chemicals were carried out on the stoichiometric basis in the furnish for paper making. The agro-residues and secondary recycled fibers seem to be the promising raw materials of the future.

18 illus, 11 ref

007090   Saravanan D;Ramachandran T (Tex. Tech. Dep, Bannari Amman Inst. of Tech., Sathyamangalam) : Forgotten fundamentals of mercerisation. J Text Ass 2008, 69(1), 15-21.

Mercerisation of cotton material plays an important role in colouration of fabrics, though the process was invented accidentaly, insist the authors. Mercerisation alters the morphology and fine structure of the fibres that ultimately influence various chemical and physical properties of the fibres. However, care needs to be exercised in this process since it involves high concentration of sodium hydroxide. mercerisation is one of the oldest and most common treatments in fabric processing but parameters are particulary important for an industry dominated by small and mid sized units processing small lots. The parameters become all the more important becaause of the direct effect of mercerisation on outcome of dying.

2 illus, 8 tables, 8 ref

007089   Samani A;Gupta S (Forest Products Div, Forest Research Institue, Dehradun-248 006, Email: samania@icfre.org) : Gloss behaviour of different finishes on preservative treated wood. J Timb Dev Ass India 2008, 54(1-4), 30-6.

Performance of different finishes is evaluated on preservative treated mango wood on the basis of gloss values. Gloss of samples finished with clear varnish is much higher than other finishes applied on preservative treated samples. A comparison of gloss values with and without preservative treatment is also reported. The percent increase of gloss is highest in the case of sprit polished samples.

1 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

007088   Narayan B L;Negi A (NO, Habufa Meubelen B.V., A-198, Dashrath Marg, Main Hanuman Nagar, Vaishali Nagar Jaipur-302 021, Email: lalithabufa@gmail.com) : Particle board from iantana using black liquor replaced phenol formaldehyde resin. J Timb Dev Ass India 2008, 54(1-4), 37-42.

Suitability of Lantana camara have been evaluated for making particle board using black liquor replaced phenol formaldehyde resin. It is observed that suitable particle boards meeting most of the requirements of Indian Standard (IS) specification can be made using 10 percent phenol formaldehyde (30% replaced phenol with black liquor) resin at 17.5 kg/cm^{2 specific pressure for 10 minutes. Although water absorption and swelling properties are higher as per the requirement of Indian Standard but these properties can be controlled using suitable sizing agent.}

2 tables, 11 ref

007087   Khali D P;Kumar Hemant (Composite Wood Discipline, Forest Products Div, Forest Research Institue, Dehradun-248 006, Email: khalidp@icfre.org) : Particleboarda of enterlobium timbouva (timbouba) part I-effect of resin content. J Timb Dev Ass India 2008, 54(1-4), 86-91.

Suitability of Enterlobium timbouva using phenol formaldehyde resin with different resin content percentages at 24.5 Kg/cm^{2 specific pressure and 12 minutes hot pressing has been evaluated for making particleboards. It is observed that suitable particleboards meeting the requirements of Indian Standard (IS) specification can be made using 14% phenol formaldehyde resin.}

1 table, 18 ref

007086   Kathirvelu S;D'Souza L;Dhurai B (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 006, Email: sskathiervelu@yahoo.com) : Applications of nanofibres. J Text Ass 2008, 69(1), 9-14.

Provides a good overview of the possibilities likely to open up because of development of nonofibre technology. The authors have described various potential applications, including those in the future, and have pointed out that commercialization is, at present, quite limited. Perhaps the most interesting part is that the authors have extensively used patent searches for assembling information on a subject about which very little is known to the industry at large.

1 illus, 25 ref

007085   Kathirvelu S;D'Souza L;Alhaarathi (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 006, Email: sskathiervelu@yahoo.com) : Nanotechnology applications in textiles. J Text Ass 2008, 69(1), 26-31.

Nanotechnology is increasingy attracting worldwide attention because it is widely perceived as offering huge potential in a wide range of end uses. The unique and new properties of nanomaterials have attracted not only scientiests and researchers but also businesses, due to their huge economical potential. Nanotechnology also has real commercial potential for the textile industry. Improvements on the application areas of nanotechnology in textile industry such as high-tech fibres, stay clean textiles, antibacterial textiles, antistatic textiles, textiles that can change colour, textiles protecting UV radiation, flame retardant textiles, textiles heating and nourishing human obody are mentioned. Few examples to illustrate the power in realizing the unique opportunities afforded by the intersection of nanotechnology and fabric or fibre treatments. Nano technology, is an opportunity for the textile industry that will shape its future.

16 ref

007084   Dedhia E;Gupta M (Textiles and Fashion Technology Dep, College of Home Science, Nirmala Niketan) : Emerging trends in fabrics for men's shirts. J Text Ass 2008, 69(1), 32-6.

Shirts fall in the category of formal, causal and occasional wear. Shirt fabrics play important criteria for selection and buying decisions of readymade shirts. The right fabric is required for shirt to meet aessthetic and functional performance expectations. Standards for fabric for shirts are based on factors such as design, fashion trends, consumer's preferences, price and market profile. Men while making purchases; base their decisions on design as well as fabric. It is important for manufacturers, retailers and consumers to know emerging trends in fabrics for men shirts as men can try different dress shirts fabrics to create variation within their wardrobe. Also it is the task of textle technologist and designers to know in detail about the emerging raw materials of readymade shirts in order to help the common people to access the quality parameters of the garments befere selection

13 ref

007083   Bhattacharya S K;Bhatacharya G (NO, Govt. College of Engineering & Textile Technology, Serampore-712 201) : Improvement of soil-burial property of jute fabric. J Text Ass 2008, 69(1), 22-5.

Jute is lingo-cellulosic fibre. Biological degradation of jute takes place due to fragmentation of lingocellulosic material and inter lignin bonds present in the jute fibre, caused by the enzymes of micro organisms inside the soil. Degradation of jute fibric can be delayed by extraction of natural binder and substituting it with synthetic binders. Studies on tensile properties of bleached fabrics were carried out and then compared with the enhancement of tensile property, after applying synthetic binders by a sprayer, followed by curing. Soil burial tests are also carried out. As usage in traditional areas like packaging of foodgrains are declining it is important for the industry to find more effective, efficient and economically viable usage in other area.

3 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

006037   Yadav S;Neelam;Rose M;Singh S S J;Pant S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana) : Analysis of selected natural dyes for physico-chemical properties. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(3), 85-7.

Deals with the analysis of selected natural dyes. The selected plant materials were analyzed for their ash content, acid insoluble ash, moisture content, water extractive value, UV/VIS spectra, pH of 1 percent solution and tannin content as per the standard methods. The study revealed that moisture content (9.60%), ash content (19.20%), acid insoluble (15.95%) and pH of 1 percent solution (7.4) were maximum in Bhrinqrai leaves. Rein wardtia flowers had maximum water extractive value (44.93%) and Kachnar bark hqd highest tannin content (24.35%).

1 table, 7 ref

006036   Tarafder N;Karmakar R;Mondal M (NO, Govt. College of Engg. and Textile Technology, 12, Willian Carey Road, PO: Serampore, Dist.: Hooghly, West Bengal) : Effect of stitch density on seam performance of garments stitched from plain and twill fabrics. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(1), 23-7.

Seam performance have a bearing upon the stitch density and weave of the fabric. In this paper seam performance have been evaluated for different stitch density on two different, plain and twill woven cotton fabrics. It is being observed that strength of seam depends upon factors like fabric type, weight, thread type, construction and size, seam construction and stitch density.

2 tables, 12 ref

006035   Subramaniam V;Poongodi G R;Veena Sindhuja V (Textile Dep, Jaya Engineering College, Chennai) : Textile scaffolds fo tissue engineering. J Text Ass 2008, 69(4), 180-3.

Studies the need for scaffolds in tissue engineering. The cells cannot survive on their own and are substrate dependent. However, there is no universal scaffold that meets all the requirements of various tissues, as the optimum tissue engineering conditions vary from tissue to tissue. As the textile structures satisfy most of the necessary aspects of scaffolds, it can be easily applied in tissue engineering as effective scaffolds. Tissue engineering support structures or 'scaffolds' which are artificial devices, designed to act as templates for attached cells and newly formed tissues. The scaffolds' three-dimensional, porous structures encourage cell attachment, proliferation and migration through an interconnected network of pores. New tissue forms gradually and can be implanted into the body.

3 illus, 4 ref

006034   Srivastava A K;Srivastava N B (NO, , Nano Textile Co. Pvt. Ltd.) : Nanotechnology and nanofibers. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(3), 77-80.

Nanotechnology can be expressed as "science and technology where dimensions and tolerances in the range of 0.1 nanometer (nm) to 100 nm play a critical role". Nanotechnology involves detailed engineering works in the areas of 1) Nanomechanical engineering (the study of molecular machines) 2) Nanoelectrical engineering (it involves nanometer scale electronic systems) 3) complex systems like the assemblers, replicators and nano computers (To manufacture a desired material with precise atomic placement). The paper envisages the application of nanotechnology in textile fibres.

6 illus, 4 ref

006033   Shah S R;Patel P B (Textile Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Tech. & Engg., The M. S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001, Email: srshah24263@yahoo.co.in) : Dyeing of cotton fabric with vat dyes : effect of water quality i.e. metal salts present in water. J Text Ass 2008, 69(4), 167-70.

Application of vat dyes on cotton fabric has been greatly influenced by the total dissolved solids present in water. The K/S strength of dyes decreases, which required levelling agent in dye bath while for dyes which required exhausting agent, K/S strength increases. The tone of final dyed sample varies with the amount and type of dissolved solids present in water. The fastness properties of vat dyed samples, except wet rubbing were not affected by the quality of water.

3 tables, 10 ref

006032   Pruthi N;Yadav S;Chawla G D (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Dyeing of silk with rein wardtia flowers dye using mordant combination. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(1), 14-18.

Rein wardtia (Rein wardia trigyana) flowers dye was used for dyeing of degummed pure silk yarn using four selected mordants; alum, chrome, copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate in combinations i.e. 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1. For dyeing optimized conditions used were-wave length (440 nm) dye extraction time (15 min.) medium of extraction (aqueous) dye material concentration (7%), dyeing time (30 min.) and pH of dyeing solution (4.0). Mordant concentration & combination and mordanting techniques were optimized. Alum + chrome in 1:1 ratio with post mordanting, alum + copper sulphate in 1:3 ratio with simultaneous mordanting, chrome + copper sulphate in 3:1 ratio with post mordanting., chrome + ferrous sulphate in 3:1 ratio with post mordanting and copper sulphate + ferrous sulphate in 1:1 ratio with post mordanting had very good to excellent fastness. In some samples improvement in brightness was observed after exposure to sunlight, washing and perspiration tests. By using mordants in different combinations a large range of shades was obtained. The mordant, which was in high proportion, dominated the shade.

1 illus, 7 tables, 5 ref

006031   Pradeepa S;Jayalakshmi I (Costume Design & Fashion Dep, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore) : Comparative study on the physical properties of 100% nylon and nylon - cotton fabrics. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(1), 19-22.

Comparative study of 100% nylon and blend of nylon/cotton has been studied on the basis of their physical properties.

8 illus

006030   Popnai N;Goei A (Garment Production and Export Management, Faculty of Arts, Science and, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Laxmangarh, Rajasthan-332 311) : Kumaoni heritage: shawl weaving. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(2), 40-3.

Aim of the study was to investigate the present status of shawl weaving units of Kumaon, their background, marketing and problems encountered. An attempt had also been made to study the type of designs used and new designs were developed based on existing designs. The research methodology comprised of using a structured questionnaire which was filled by a sample of 30 respondents. The conclusion was that women were mainly engaged in shawl weaving work. From the findings, it was proposed that the weaving units should receive formal training on different processes and design development. The potential of shawl weaving units in Uttarakhand was not fully utilized and therefore offer good opportunity for job creation.

5 tables, 2 ref

006029   Noorjahan S E;Sekar S;Sastry T P (NO, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, Email: sastrytp@hotmail.com) : Preparation and characterization of cellulose triacetate from Musa paradisiaca and cellulose triacetate-polyvinyl chloride blends. Curr Sci 2008, 95(7), 958-62.

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) was prepared from dried banana plant (Musa paradisiaca) stem and veins of the leaves, which are hitherto discarded as waste. As the film of CTA showed poor mechanical properties, an attempt to improve its properties was made by preparing a plasticized CTA and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blend. The films of the blend and their individual partners were made separately and studied for their mechanical properties, chemical modifications and morphological changes. The results of IR, TGA, DMA and SEM of CTA-PVC blends have shown that there was no chemical reaction between CTA and PVC, and at the same time they were compatible with better physico-chemical properties. The important finding from this study is that the average pore size of the CTA-PVA blend is around 1 μm and hence this can be used as filter to remove the bacteria having body diameter greater than 1 μm. These blends can be used in future as ultra filtration membranes with suitable modifications.

4 illus, 22 ref

006028   Menezes E (NO, , 401, Omega, Hirandani Gardens, Powai, Mumbai-400 076) : UV protective finish. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(2), 59-61.

Many types of radiation emitted by the sun, mainly visible (light) and infrared (heat) reach the earth's surface. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is also present but we cannot see it or feel it. Ozone in the atmosphere absorbs much of the dangerous UVR before it reaches the ground but we can still receive enough to cause sunburn and more serious health problems.

1 table

006027   Meligi G A;rehim H A Abd el;Hegazy E A;Ali A M;Rabie A M (Faculty of Science, An Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt, Email: gamalmeligi@hotmail.com) : Effect of gamma rays on starch-modified polypropylene blends. J Polym Mater 2009, 26(1), 115-27.

Physical, chemical and utility properties of polymer materials can be altered by means of high-energy radiation such as gamma rays, and electron beams. The exposure to gamma radiation of a polypropylene and starch-modified polypropylene films was carried out at various doses up to 30 kGy. Comparison studied between stability of PP and starch-modified PP against radiation was investigated. The study of the irradiation effects on the starch-modified polypropylene properties has been made by different methods in an integrated way. The changes such as oxidation level of IPP and starch-IPP blends due to the irradiation treatments can be accurately detected by FTIR, DSC and XRD studies revert that the radiation causes degradation and chain scission in IPP and PP/starch blends but the degradation rate in IPP is higher than that in I PP/starch blend. The irradiated IPP/starch blends stored for 4 months are more stable than irradiated stored IPP. Results suggested that, the starch incorporated into PP inhibited auto-oxidation process of the latter. The obtained results make the environmental friendly starch-modified polypropylene of great interest for possible uses as packaging materials or disposable medical supplies that sterilized by irradiation.

14 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

006026   Massey S;Jahan S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : Nanofibers: manufacturing techniques and it's applications. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(2), 44-8.

"Nano" in nanotechnology comes from the Greek word "nanos". Nanotechnology is called a "bottom up" technology by which bulk materials can be built precisely in tiny building blocks, therefore, resultant materials have fewer defects and higher quality. Nanofibers have unique properties which include high surface areas, small fiber diameter, potential to incorporate active chemistry, filtration properties, high permeability and low basis weight contributing to product functionality and several value added applications such as medical, filtration, barrier, wipes, personal care, composite, garments, insulation, and energy storage. The wave of nanotechnology has shown a huge potential in the textile industry although there are some hazardous aspects of nanotechnology also like environmental impact and health risks.

6 illus, 16 ref

006025   Manonmani G;Ramachandran T;Rajendran R;Rajesh E M (Costume Design and Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore) : Chromogenic and antimicrobial activity of natural dye finished knited fabrics. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(3), 94-6.

Aims is to study the antimicrobial property of cotton fabrics dyed with natural dye from the plant extract (Acacia catechu). The dye has been extracted from the barks of the plant and dyed on the 100% cotton knitted fabric. Copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate were used as mordants. Wash fastness and antimicrobial property were also studied. The textile material impregnated with natural dyes showed less colour fastness and maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

006024   Mairal A K;Chattopadhyay D P (Textile Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Tech & Engg. The M. S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara) : Some applications of geotextiles in civil engineering. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(1), 11-13.

Comprises various applications of geotextiles in civil engineering viz, Filtration, Drainage, Erosion control, Rockfall protection, coastel protective etc. The problems faced while applying geotextiles and their solution have been envisaged.

^iia3 illus, 6 ref

006023   Lenin V;Kandasamy N;Karthick S;Kanipriya M (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-6) : Enzymes in textile finishing. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(1), 7-10.

Envisages various enzymes used for finishing of textiles to impart various functional properties.

3 ref

006022   Kipnusu W K;Katana G;MIGWI C M;Rathore V S; Sangoro J R;Tsuwi J;Serghei A;Kremer F (Physics Dep, Kenyatta Univ, P.O. Box 43844,00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Email: katana_gona@yahoo.com) : Molecular dynamics characterization of nandi flame seed cuticle biomaterial. J Polym Mater 2009, 26(1), 129-39.

Surface Probe Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been used to characterize Nandi flame Seed Cuticles (NFSC). The FTIR has revealed that cuticles are predominantly composed of Pectin and Cellulose. The surface analysis using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has shown that the cuticles are porous with average pore size of 0.5 nm. The cuticles also have highly oriented topography with pores concentrated within cavities that are spaced at regular intervals. Other regions showed intertwined ridges. Molecular dynamics of the cuticles have been analyzed using Dielectric spectroscopy (DS). From isochronal and isothermal DS loss plots, two dynamical molecular processes that are strongly dependent on temperature and frequency were observed. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the cuticles have been shown to have glass transition temperature of(T_g) 54.5°C and crystallization temperature (T_c) of 352.4°C.

6 illus, 21 ref

006021   Khambra K;Yadav N (NO, I.C. College of Home Science CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Effect of tightness factors on dimensional properties of knitted fabric. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(2), 62-4.

Fourteen samples (seven of plain knitted and seven rib type structure) were knitted of 100 per cent acrylic and of different blend proportions (0:100 to 60:40 jute/ acrylic) respectively. Each fabric was spun to 20^s count on ring spinning and 8s count on rotor spinning system and studied to assess the influence of tightness factor on various dimensional properties of knitted fabrics and relationships existed between tightness factor, density, loop shape factor, area shrinkage and t/1 with respect of jute/acrylic blend composition. It showed a direct relationship of blend composition with tightness, area shrinkage and inverse relationship with stitch density, stitch length, K_c, K_w and K_s factor.

2 tables, 4 ref

006020   Hayavadana J;Srinivasa Rao R;Divya D; Srichadnana N (Univ College of Technology, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Effect of pick density and primary treatment conditions on mechanical properties of 100% PET fabrics as understood through alkaline hydrolysis Part: II. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(3), 88-93.

Effect of pick spacing along with primary treatment conditions with respect to percentage shrinkage, weight loss and bending length on polyester fabrics have been already discussed. Discusses the remaining effects i.e. crease recovery angle, tearing strength, Air permeability and drapability of polyester fabrics.

18 illus, 18 tables, 17 ref

006019   Hayavadana J;Srinivasa Rao R;Divya D; Srichadnana N (College of Technology, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Effect of pick density and primary treatment conditions on mechanical propeties of 100% PET fabrics a understood through alkaline hydrolysis part: I. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(2), 53-8.

Surface modification of Polyester is well known method to scour the Polyester. Among the various factors of the primary treatment conditions, the research reports have underlined the role of temperature and presence of catalyst. An attempt has been made to examine the effects of Pick spacing along with the primary treatment conditions. The starting materials were 100% Polyester woven on a power loom in the laboratory. The fabric was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and tested for various properties. Results show the sensitiveness of the fabric to primary treatment conditions and the pick spacing as revealed by the properties.

5 illus, 5 tables

006018   Georgieva A;Pishev D (NO, University Chemical Technology and Metallurgy - Sofia, 8, Kliment Ohridski, Blvd., 1756 Sofia) : Dyeing of cellulose textile material with reactive dyes. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(1), 4-6.

Envisages studies on various reactive dyes used for dyeing cellulose textile materials. Three methods of dyeing have been carried out and results were compared with respect to depth of colour, dye exhaustion, kinetics of the exhaustion etc.

2 illus, 4 tables

006017   Ganesan P;Chandrasekaran P;D'souza L (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 006) : Textiles in aerospace. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(3), 81-4.

Outer space is an extremely hostile palace. If one was to step outside a spacecraft onto a world with little or no atmosphere, such as the moon or the mars, space suit is a must. Also discusses the applications of textiles in Aerospace.

4 illus, 10 ef

006016   El-Molla M M;Moussa S Z A;Ramadan G H S (Textile Research Div, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Email: melmolla@yahoo.com) : Chemical modification of galactomannan gum extracted from fenugreek seeds via oxidation with H₂O₂ and its utilisation in textile printing. J Text Ass 2008, 69(4), 171-9.

Galactomannan gum extracted from fenugreek seeds was subjected to oxidation using hydrogen peroxide under different H₂O₂ concentrations, pH, reaction time and liquor ratios. The products were analyzed for the acidic and reducing properties expressed as carboxyl and carbonyl contents, respectively. The Theological properties of the oxidized sample pastes at a concentration of 3% were also measured. The suitability of the oxidized fenugreek gum either alone or in admixture with sodium alginate as a thickeners in printing pastes was also studied.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

006015   Choudhary A K;Mahajan R (Textile Technology Dep, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab-144 011) : Effect of dyeing of wool fibre and corelatation with yarn quality and performance. J Text Ass 2008, 69(4), 163-70.

Wool fibre is dyed in different shades, the strength of the single fibre deteriorates. The decrease in strength is not due to shade variation but due to varying dyeing conditions applied to achieve the required shade. The comber noil follows the single fibre strength i.e. the comber noil % increase for weaker single fibre in strength. The single yarn strength does not follow the single fibre strength but the mean length improved after combing.

3 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

006014   Chauhan P D;Deshmukh G (The Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, , Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Soybean fibres in textiles. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(2), 49-52.

Presents various properties of soybean fibre and fabrics made out of it, its eco-firendly nature and its application in textiles as a natural fibres.

5 illus, 3 ref

006013   Abdrhman M J M;Zhang L;Zhang W;Li H (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Chemical Technology Univ, Beijing 100 029, Email: lihq@mail.buct.edu.cn) : Crosslinked powder butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber as compatibilizer of PA6/PC blends. J Polym Mater 2009, 26(1), 91-101.

Crosslinked powder butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (PNBR) was grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) and was employed as a compatibilizerin polyamide/polycarbonate (PA6/PC) blends. The relative degree of grafting on PNBR was characterized with ratio of infrared absorbance intensity of C=O to C≅ N. SEM observations showed that uniform distribution of dispersed phase with reduced size was obtained in presence of MA grafted PNBR. The thermal behaviors of the blends including glass transition, melting, and crystallization exhibited strong dependence on the composition, which indicated an effective compatibilization of MA grafted PNBR. With the compatibilizer introduced, the impact strength of the blends was one order of magnitude increased.

4 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref