002079   Mathur P K;Garg V;Arora M K (NO, Voith Paper Fabrics India Limited, 113-114 A Sector-24, Faridabad-121 005) : Advancement in press felt technology-a paper maker's need. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(4), 155-9.

In the current globalization scenario new and improved, paper making technologies are emerging in the paper market and are being adopted. The demand of all paper makers is proper running of Press felts, with optimum drainage, and with required sheet properties. Discusses, Press felt concept and design, new design developments with advantages, felt conditioning, and usefulness of felt diagnosis, for all Paper makers.

21 illus, 6 ref

002078   Desgupta S;Ray N (NO, Shalimar Wires Industries Ltd., 77, N.S. Road, Uttarpara Hooghly, West bengal-712 258) : Designing of forming fabric considering paper making aspects. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(4), 103-7.

Forming fabric design, properties and application have tremendous effects on paper properties & paper making process. Proper fabric can increase productivity, decrease Paper Machine downtime and increase bottom line. Therefore, it is crucial that the Fabric Manufacturer develops the right fabric & the Paper Maker knows a good deal about Forming Fabric. Forming Fabric design requires careful attention and a high level of engineering. Different paper grades require different forming fabric design. When selecting a fabric design for a specific application, various paper and paper machine parameters need to be considered.

7 illus, 6 tables, 4 ref

002077   Choudhary P S (NO, Wires and Fabriks (S.A.) Ltd., Industrial Area: Jhotwara, Jaipur-302 012) : Developments in dryer fabrics: issues related to speed, cleaning and paper quality. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(4), 109-12.

The dryer section of the paper machine plays the significant role in the paper and board manufacturing process. It removes water from the paper and board. To achieve the optimum result in the dryer section in modern high speed machines the design & quality of the dryer fabric is utmost important. To keep the fabric durable and to manufacture good quality of paper and board the proper pocket ventilation and cleaning of dryer fabric is very essential. This paper highlights the properties of dryer fabric, advance dryer sections & major issues related to dryer fabric in the paper machines.

2 illus

002076   Chatterjee T K;Gehani P;Chandra Sekhar Y (ITC-PSPD, Bhadrachalam Unit, Vill Sarapaka-507 128) : Right selection of clothing design key factor for machine performance. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(4), 125-9.

In the present recession affected scenario, control on manufacturing costs has become the key factor for survival of the paper industry. Being a high energy consuming sector, energy efficiency is key to control manufacturing cost. Energy cost is in turn a function of refining, vacuum and drying; with the cost of drying costing the highest among these sections. An Irtant function of the paper making process is to improve the web dryness at the entry to the dryer section; where the performance of machine clothing is becoming critical to cost & quality. This paper present showcases the technological comparison of different designs of wires and felts which will lead to energy efficiency and improved machine runnability at competitive quality, cost.

10 illus, 2 ref

002075   Barathi G;Mehrotra A K (NO, Seshasayee Paper and Boards Limited, Erode-638 007) : Expectations of paper makers from the clothing suppliers for efficient drainage and good printability. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(4), 117-9.

The present trends of higher paper machine speeds, lower basis weight, higher printing press speeds and better quality demands of print media, the paper makers have a challenging task to produce quality paper at competitive cost. Today, paper machine clothing is expected to fulfill many functions than merely conveying or dewatering the sheet safely through the paper machine. An objective high on the list of priorities of mills is for machine clothing to run efficiently with little or no downtime. For a mill to achieve maximum efficiency from its clothing investment, selection of clothings, good operating practices and procedures are of utmost importance. In this paper, we share the experience in our mill with different design of clothing and its impact on the quality of paper. Further, the expectations of the paper makers from the clothing suppliers' for efficient drainage and good printability are discussed.

020925   Kanagaraj J (Leather Processing Div, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600 020, Email: jkraj68@yahoo.co.uk) : Cleaner leather processing by using enzymes: a review. Adv Biotech 2009, 9(4), 13-18.

Leather industry is facing tremendous pressure from the various pollution control bodies because of the huge amount of pollution associated with processing. Advancements in processing techniques and adoption of cleaner technologies have enabled the tanners to get rid off pollution from the leather processing. Though there are various cleaner technologies based on chemical methods are available but cleaner technologies based on enzymatic methods are viable, eco-friendly and form alternative to the existing technologies. Enzymes in leather industry became a part and parcel of the system to mitigate pollution problem in the leather processing operation. The enzymes find application in soaking, unhairing, degreasing and bating of leather processing operations for obtaining better leather qualities. Applications of enzymes in various stages of leather processing are discussed.

1 illus, 4 tables, 58 ref

015563   Naveen Kumar H M P;Prabhakar M N;Madhusudhan Rao K;Rao K C (Polymer Science & Technology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh) : Compatibility studies of acacia / Poly (Acrylic acid) and Acacia/Poly (vinyl alcohol) blends in water at 30°C using viscosity, ultrasonic and refractometric studies. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2009, 28(1-2), 1-11.

The miscibility studies of AC/Poly (acrylic acid) and AC/Poly (vinyl alcohol) for 1:1 ratio of blend compositions using ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and refractive index methods have been carried out in water at 30°C. Using the viscosity data, the interaction parameters ΔB, μ and α based on Chee (1990) and Sun et. al. (1992), approaches were determined for blend systems to predict the blend compatibility on the basis of the sign convention involved in these criteria. The ultrasonic velocities, densities and refractive indices were also measured for 1:1 ratio of blend compositions in water at 30°C. The variation of ultrasonic velocity and the derived acoustical parameters such as Adiabatic compressibility (β_ad), Acoustic impedance (Z), Molar compressibility (β), Relaxation strength (γs) and Rao number (R) with concentration of 1:1 ratio of blend compositions were studied. These studies concludes that the miscible nature of Acacia (AC)/poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) blend solutions and immiscible nature of Acacia (AC)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend solutions. This is further confirmed by the Refractive index results also.

18 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

015562   Nandkumar P (Applied Chemistry Dep, M.P. Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Bhilai-490 026, Email: nandupreeti@yahoo.co.in) : Effects of pulp blending on strength properties of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(6), 4571-6.

Blending of long fibered pulps with short fibred pulp is one of the important aspects in paper making. The morphological and chemical nature of hard wood and soft wood fibers are different in many respects. Soft wood fibers have poor drainage, lower wet strength and at press rolls tendency of sticking. In order to overcome the problems and improve the quality, blending plays an important role. Pulp blending can be done in 3 distinct ways e.g., chips blending, pulp blending before beating and pulp blending after beating. Before pulp beating improves the physical strength marginally, but pulp blending after separate beating showed excellent physical strength properties. In the present investigation blending of pulp of Ipomoea carnea with pulps of bamboo has been studied.

6 tables, 17 ref

015561   Najafi H;Yazdanshenas M E;Rashidi A;Montazer M (Textile Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran, Email: textilechemist.najafi@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of styrene-acrylic binders and their application on pigment printing of cotton and polyester textile fabrics. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(6), 4871-80.

Reports the synthesis and characterization of styrene-acrylic binders. 2-EthyIhexylacrylate styrene (2-EHA), ethyl acrylate styrene (EA), methyl methaacrylate styrene (MMA), butyl acrylate styrene (BA) copolymers were prepared by emulsion copolymerization. The polymerization was performed with methaacrylic acid (MAA) and auxiliary agents at 80 °C in the presence of ammonium persulphate (APS) as the initiator. Sodium lauryl ether sulphate was used as non-ionic emulsifier. The resulting copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and then effect of initiator on the properties of the styrene-acrylic binders emulsion copolymers were discussed. A printing paste comprising synthetic thickener, emulgator, styrene-acrylic binders, Imperon brilliant red B was applied using a flat screen printing technique on to the cotton and polyester fabrics, then dried and exposed to heat in different temperature. The characteristics of cured prints such as paste add-on, colour fastness to washing and dry/wet rubbing were evaluated, together with fabrics stiffness, types of textile fabrics using pigment dyes. The highest K/S is obtained and the fastness properties range between good and excellent for samples printed using methyl methaacrylate styrene (MMA) based, this is true irrespective of the type of printed fabric. The lowest K/S is obtained in case of using-ethyl acrylate styrene (EA) as a commercial binder. The binder of 2-ethylhexylacrylate (2-EHA) gives K/S better than the binder of butyl acrylate styrene (BA) for two types of printed fabrics.

8 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

015563   Naveen Kumar H M P;Prabhakar M N;Madhusudhan Rao K;Rao K C (Polymer Science & Technology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh) : Compatibility studies of acacia / Poly (Acrylic acid) and Acacia/Poly (vinyl alcohol) blends in water at 30°C using viscosity, ultrasonic and refractometric studies. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2009, 28(1-2), 1-11.

The miscibility studies of AC/Poly (acrylic acid) and AC/Poly (vinyl alcohol) for 1:1 ratio of blend compositions using ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and refractive index methods have been carried out in water at 30°C. Using the viscosity data, the interaction parameters ΔB, μ and α based on Chee (1990) and Sun et. al. (1992), approaches were determined for blend systems to predict the blend compatibility on the basis of the sign convention involved in these criteria. The ultrasonic velocities, densities and refractive indices were also measured for 1:1 ratio of blend compositions in water at 30°C. The variation of ultrasonic velocity and the derived acoustical parameters such as Adiabatic compressibility (β_ad), Acoustic impedance (Z), Molar compressibility (β), Relaxation strength (γs) and Rao number (R) with concentration of 1:1 ratio of blend compositions were studied. These studies concludes that the miscible nature of Acacia (AC)/poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) blend solutions and immiscible nature of Acacia (AC)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend solutions. This is further confirmed by the Refractive index results also.

18 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

015562   Nandkumar P (Applied Chemistry Dep, M.P. Christian College of Engineering and Technology, Bhilai-490 026, Email: nandupreeti@yahoo.co.in) : Effects of pulp blending on strength properties of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(6), 4571-6.

Blending of long fibered pulps with short fibred pulp is one of the important aspects in paper making. The morphological and chemical nature of hard wood and soft wood fibers are different in many respects. Soft wood fibers have poor drainage, lower wet strength and at press rolls tendency of sticking. In order to overcome the problems and improve the quality, blending plays an important role. Pulp blending can be done in 3 distinct ways e.g., chips blending, pulp blending before beating and pulp blending after beating. Before pulp beating improves the physical strength marginally, but pulp blending after separate beating showed excellent physical strength properties. In the present investigation blending of pulp of Ipomoea carnea with pulps of bamboo has been studied.

6 tables, 17 ref

015561   Najafi H;Yazdanshenas M E;Rashidi A;Montazer M (Textile Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran, Email: textilechemist.najafi@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of styrene-acrylic binders and their application on pigment printing of cotton and polyester textile fabrics. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(6), 4871-80.

Reports the synthesis and characterization of styrene-acrylic binders. 2-EthyIhexylacrylate styrene (2-EHA), ethyl acrylate styrene (EA), methyl methaacrylate styrene (MMA), butyl acrylate styrene (BA) copolymers were prepared by emulsion copolymerization. The polymerization was performed with methaacrylic acid (MAA) and auxiliary agents at 80 °C in the presence of ammonium persulphate (APS) as the initiator. Sodium lauryl ether sulphate was used as non-ionic emulsifier. The resulting copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and then effect of initiator on the properties of the styrene-acrylic binders emulsion copolymers were discussed. A printing paste comprising synthetic thickener, emulgator, styrene-acrylic binders, Imperon brilliant red B was applied using a flat screen printing technique on to the cotton and polyester fabrics, then dried and exposed to heat in different temperature. The characteristics of cured prints such as paste add-on, colour fastness to washing and dry/wet rubbing were evaluated, together with fabrics stiffness, types of textile fabrics using pigment dyes. The highest K/S is obtained and the fastness properties range between good and excellent for samples printed using methyl methaacrylate styrene (MMA) based, this is true irrespective of the type of printed fabric. The lowest K/S is obtained in case of using-ethyl acrylate styrene (EA) as a commercial binder. The binder of 2-ethylhexylacrylate (2-EHA) gives K/S better than the binder of butyl acrylate styrene (BA) for two types of printed fabrics.

8 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

025097   Tyagi G K;Bhattacharyya S;Bhowmick M;Narang R (NO, The Technological Institute of Textile and Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Cotton ring- and compact-spun yarn fabrics: effects of spinning variables on comfort characteristics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 128-33.

Effects of spinning conditions on the comfort characteristics of woven cotton fabrics have been investigated. It is observed that the comfort characteristics of cotton fabrics are greatly influenced by the yarn structural variants. The yarn structure has a large effect on the fabric comfort. Twist factor and spindle speed influence the fabric comfort by modifying the yarn hairiness, packing coefficient and diameter. In woven fabrics, a systematic increase in spinning draft substantially alters the air and water vapour permeabilities and hence, the comfort level. For all experimental combinations, the compact-spun yarn fabrics possess poor thermal resistance, better air & water vapour permeabilities, and lower wickability & absorbency than the ring-spun yarn fabrics.

5 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

025096   Singh K V P;Chatterjee A;Das A (Textile Technology Dep, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 027, Email: apurba@textile.iitd.ernet.in) : Physiological comfort of fabrics made up of structurally modified friction-spun yarns: liquid transmission. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 134-8.

Dref III friction-spun yarn has been structurally modified using polyester filament fibre as core, viscose staple fibre as secondary core and water soluble poly (vinyl alcohol) as sheath. The yarn is then treated with hot water to wash out PVA in the sheath, leaving the twistless viscose staple fibres on the surface. Effect of sheath fibre proportion, fibre fineness and yarn fineness on physiological comfort related properties affecting the liquid transmission behaviour, such as wickability and water absorbency, has been studied. It is observed that the structural modification of yarn influences the liquid transmission behaviour of fabric. All the three factors studied significantly affect the liquid transmission behaviour of the fabric.

3 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

025095   Saravanan D;Arun Ramanathan V A;Karthick P; Vel Murugan S;Nalankilli G;Ramachandran T (Textile Technology Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: dhapathe2001@rediffmail.com) : Optimisation of multi-enzyme scouring process using Taguchi methods. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 164-71.

Scouring of cotton fabrics using combinations of pectinase, cellulase and protease in a single bath - two step has been carried out with optimum process parameters obtained from these enzymes individually. Absorbency and residual extractable impurity levels are found to be better for multi-enzyme scouring as compared to that for scouring using individual enzymes. Though higher weight losses are observed in the multi-enzyme scouring treatment, the strength loss of multi-enzyme scoured samples is not higher than that of samples obtained from individual enzyme scouring. Scaling and adjustment factors identified using Taguchi methods for the above response variables are further substantiated by confirmation tests.

6 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

025094   Palanikkumaran M;Gupta K K;Agrawal A K (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016) : Effect of emulsion preparation method on microencapsulation of n-octadecane using melamine-formaldehyde pre-polymers. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 101-6.

Microcapsules containing n-octadecane as the core material and melamine-formaldehyde resin as the wall material have been synthesized by in situ polymerization method. A systematic study has been carried out to investigate the effect of the method used in the preparation of reaction emulsion mixture, and the curing conditions used during the encapsulation process on the properties of microcapsules. The microcapsules so obtained are characterized for their core content, encapsulation efficiency, mean particle size distribution, and thermal & solvent stability. Using the modified encapsulation process with a formaldehyde-to-melamine molar ratio of 8 and core-to-wall ratio of 2, microcapsules with a high core content of 70% and a heat storage capacity of >160 J/g could be obtained. The capsules are found to be stable at temperatures more than 80 °C and to cyclohexane wash.

2 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

025093   Majumdar A (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi-110 016, Email: abhitextile@rediffmail.com) : Modeling of cotton yarn hairiness using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 121-7.

Reports the modeling of cotton yarn hairiness using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, combining the advantages of both artificial neural network and fuzzy logic. Three cotton fibre properties, namely mean length, short fibre content and maturity, measured by the advanced fibre information system and the yarn linear density (English count, Ne) have been used as the inputs to the model. Two levels of membership function have been considered for each of the four inputs and sixteen fuzzy rules are trained. The developed model predicts the cotton yarn hairiness with average error of around 2% even in the unseen test samples. Trained fuzzy rules give good understanding about the role of various input parameters on the cotton yarn hairiness. Yarn count and cotton fibre mean length are having major role in determining the yarn hairiness. Higher cotton fibre maturity reduces the yarn hairiness.

6 illus, 23 ref

025092   Jin qiu Z;Jian chun Z (NO, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China, Email: yyqq0909@126.com) : Effect of finishing treatment with softening agent on spinnability of hemp fibre. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 115-20.

Efficiency of finishing treatment using softening agent DT150A for improving the spinnability of processed hemp fibre has been investigated. The mechanical properties of hemp fibre have been measured before and after soft finishing. The uniformity of length, flexibility, surface friction and moisture absorption increase significantly, and the spinnability of the hemp fibre improves after soft finishing.

2 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

025091   Hasani H (Textile Engineering Dep, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, Email: h_hasani@cc.iut.ac.ir) : Effect of different processing stages on mechanical and surface properties of cotton knitted fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 139-44.

Influence of different processing stages on the low stress mechanical and surface properties of cotton knitted fabrics has been studied. The KES-FB system has been used for the measurements of low stress tensile, shear, bending, compression and surface properties. The results show remarkable changes in mechanical and surface properties of knitted fabrics after processing stages, such as bleaching, dyeing and softening.

6 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

025090   Das A M;Chowdhury P K;Saikia C N;Rao P G (NO, North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785 006, Email: amd_das2001@yahoo.co.in) : Silk fibre modification through graft copolymerization using vinyl monomer. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 107-14.

Grafting of Antheraea assama silk fibre with vinyl monomer in aqueous medium using KMnO₄-oxalic acid redox system as initiator has been carried out at different temperature and time and its effect on fibre properties studied by varying the concentrations of monomer (acrylamide), initiator (potassium permanganate), oxalic acid and sulphuric acid. The grafted samples have been characterized using their spectroscopic data and thermal properties as evaluated by thermogravimetric, differential thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry techniques in static air (heating rate 20 °C and 30 °C min^-1) at 30° -800 °C. The kinetic parameters are also evaluated using Coats and Redfern method with computer programming in Fortran 77. It is observed that the grafted products are thermally more stable than the ungrafted one. The water staining, water retention capacity and tensile properties improve in case of the grafted fibres/fabrics.

6 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

025089   Bo Z (NO, College of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450007, P R China, Email: zhaobohenan@sina.com) : Mathematical modeling of poly (ethylene terephthalate) air drawing in spunbonding nonwoven process. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(2), 145-53.

Air drawing model of PET polymer in a spunbonding process has been established to predict the fibre diameter and analysed by introducing the numerical computation results of air-jet flow field of the flat narrow slot passage of the aerodynamic device. The influence of density and specific heat capacity of polymer melt at constant pressure changing with polymer temperature on the fibre diameter have been studied. The effects of spunbonding processing parameters and drafting assembly design parameters on the fibre diameter have been discussed. A lower polymer throughput rate, higher polymer melt temperature, higher primary air temperature, higher air initial speed, medium smaller venturi gap, higher air suction speed, higher quench pressure, smaller highness of the drafting segment, larger length of the drafting segment, larger length of jet orifice of the drafting assembly, and bigger highness of jet orifice of the drafting assembly are found to be beneficial to the air drawing of spunbonding polymer melt as they produce finer fibres. The predicted fibre diameters agree with the experimental data. The findings show great prospects for this research in the field of computer assisted design of spunbonding process, technology and equipment.

8 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

023012   Roy A N;Basu G (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (IC, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040, Email: a_n_royin@yahoo.co.in) : Improvement of a traditional knowledge by development of jacquard shedding based handloom for weaving ornamental jute fabric. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 585-90.

The golden jute fibre, traditionally used for the production of coarse packaging materials, is now being used in different diversified areas, e.g. home-textiles, auto-textiles, etc. The production of decorative jute fabric with ornamental effect needs special attention so far the construction parameters of handloom are concerned as the availability of such type of handloom producing jute based decorative fabrics with ornamental effect using jute yarn in both warp and weft is scanty. In the paper, the problems faced during the production of jute based decorative fabrics in traditional cotton handloom with jacquard shedding arrangement and development of a handloom with jacquard shedding arrangement for trouble free weaving of any type of jute based decorative fabric with ornamental effect has been reported. The handloom developed for the production of jute fabric can also be used for weaving traditional cotton fabric.

8 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

023011   Ghosh S K;Sengupta S;Naskar M (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (N, Kolkata-700 040, Email: ssg_42@rediffmail.com) : Physio-mechanical properties of particle boards from agro-wastes. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(5), 396-400.

This study presents particle boards made from low cost agro-wastes (date palm leaf and jute stick). Particle boards from jute stick, d.i palm leaf and their blends offered higher sound transmission loss, higher thermal insulation and lower swelling than plywood. Date palm leaf particle board showed highest strength, whereas board based on blend (1:1) of date palm leaf and jute stick gave highest impact strength.

6 illus, 9 ref

019861   Roy A N;Basu G (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, In, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040, Email: a_n_royin@yahoo.co.in) : Development of newer products with spun wrapped jute yarns. Indian J nat prod Resour 2010, 1(1), 11-16.

Jute fibre extracted from stem of two species (Corchorus olitorius Linn. and Corchorus capsularis Linn.) is one of the major cash crops of India and is used mainly for the production of coarser packaging material for packing food grains, sugar and vegetables. In the study, jute fibre has been used for the development of high value utility products like school and lap-top bags. For the production of these products specialty jute yarns have been developed which has 27% higher work of rupture (i.e., higher load bearing capacity) and more than 90% reduction in hairiness than the conventional jute yarn. The fabrics developed with different weave structure for the fabrication of the products when compared with ordinary jute fabric of similar constructional parameters, show higher strength and elongation and drastic reduction in bending modulus resulting in softer feel, which also helps in easy folding of the fabric during stitching operation. Similar products may also be developed from natural fibres similar to jute e.g., Hibiscus cannabinus Linn. (Kenaf), Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Rossel), Cannabis sativa Linn. (Hemp) and Linum utitatissimum Linn. (Flax).

3 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

017792   Sood Y V;Tyagi R;Tyagi S;Pande P C;Tondon R (Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Post Box No. 174, Saharanpur-247 001, Email: soodyv@mail.com) : Surface charge of different paper making raw materials and its influence on paper properties. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(4), 300-4.

Analysis of common paper making fillers indicated that TiO₂ (Anatase) has highest negative charge whereas GCC has slightly positive charge. Hypo chlorite bleached pulps have higher negative charge than pulps obtained by other bleaching sequences employed by paper mills. Increment in negative surface charge in pulps caused negative effect on filler retention, specific scattering co-efficient and print density of paper, however print through tendency increased causing poor print quality.

4 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

017791   Rahmati H;Ebrahimi P;Sedghi M (NO, Gonbad Institute of Higher Education, P.O. Box 163, Gonbad, Iran, Email: hrahmati1973@yahoo.com) : Effect of cooking conditions and oxygen-delignification on Bambusa tulda kraft pulping. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(1), 74-7.

Bamboo is a fast growing non-wood plant with long and thin fibers. Therefore, it has potential as a raw material for pulping and papermaking. In this work, the effects of alkali charge and sulfidity on the kappa number, yield and viscosity were investigated in a bamboo kraft pulping process before and after CVdelignification. The results indicated that higher alkali charge can get higher residual alkali and lower yield, kappa number and viscosity. Higher sulfidity can conclude higher viscosity and lower yield, residual alkali and kappa number.

^ssc4 tables, 8 ref

017790   Naithani S;Pande P K (Cellulose and Paper Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun) : Evaluation of Lantana camara Linn. stem for pulp and paper making. Indian For 2009, 135(8), 1081-7.

Lantana camara Linn, is a noxious weed posing a serious threat to the ecology. It demands concrete efforts for its management. L. camara was evaluated for its pulp and paper making properties. Data on chemical constituents, fibre dimensions, unbleached, bleached yield and physical strength properties of pulp sheets were obtained. Parameters of proximate chemicals and fibre morphology were non-significantly different for samples and replications (α = 0.05). The unbleached pulp yields under different pulping process were 50.5-44.6%. Laboratory hand made pulp sheets with adequate strength properties were obtained from soda, soda-sulphite and kraft pulps prepared from L. camara plant material.

5 tables, 6 ref

017789   Lei Y;Yan Q;Liu S;Yuan J (School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Univ of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China, Email: leiyun@whut.edu.cn) : Papermaking of mineral fiber composites. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(3), 215-20.

Mineral and hardwood fiber composites were assessed by various factors (folding degree, tensile strength, elongation, tearing strength and tear factor). Performance of wollastonite or sepiolite composites is found higher than that of the same percentage fillers (calcium carbonate, talc) due to interwoven structure between mineral fibers and hardwood fibers. Composites of wollastonite and sepiolite (1: 1) can significantly improve performance of composite fibers due to combined effect of mineral fibers.

7 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

017788   Dutt D;Tyagi C H;Agnihotri S;Kumar A;Siddarth (Paper Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Email: dharm_dutt@rediffmail.com) : Bio-soda pulping of lignocellylosic residues of palma rosa grass: an attempt towards energy conversion. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(1), 60-70.

Lignocellulosic residues (LCR) of Cymbopogon martini after steam distillation had 13.6% lignin, 74.4% holocellulose and 25.4% pentosan. Phanerochaete chrysosporium degraded 30.11% of lignin, 62.25% of pentosan and 18.60% of holocellulose of the original value of LCR of C. martini after 28 days at 40°C in solid-state culture with a higher in vitro dry matter digestibility. The steam distillation and Phanerocheate chrysosporium treatment of LCR of C. martini abated the mass transfer problem and facilitated the faster penetration of cooking liquor. The pulp yield was mitigated by 0.63% with insignificant decrease in kappa number and 0.81% with 1.32 units decrease in kappa number for bio-soda and bio-soda-O₂ pulping processes respectively when cooked at 11% alkali dose compared to soda pulping (active alkali 14%) with a saving of 3% cooking chemicals.

6 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref

017787   Boichenko A P;Kulikova A;Yashkarova M G (NO, Kharkov V.N.K. National Univ, Svoboda Square, 13, 61076, Kahrkov, Ukraine) : Corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions in presence of various dyestuffs. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(4), 324-30.

Studies in corrosion behavior of mild steel in aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions were carried out using conventional weight loss and thermometric techniques in presence of various dyestuffs Inhibitive power of dyestuff understand with special reference to Reaction number, temperature difference (T max) etc. The plot of inhibitors concentrations log (c) Vs. Log (θ/1-θ) suggest that all these inhibitors obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Percentage. Inhibition efficiency determines from the results of conventional weight loss and thermometric technique can be satisfactorily used to evaluate various dyestuffs as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.

3 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

016752   Tyagi G K;Bhowmick M;Bhattacharyya S;Kumar R (NO, The Technological Institute of Textile and Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Effect of spinning conditions on mechanical and performance characteristics of cotton ring- and compact-spun yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 21-30.

Effect of spinning conditions on the structural, mechanical and low -stress response of cotton ring- and compact-spun yarns has been studied. Spinning conditions include spinning draft, twist factor, yarn tex and spindle speed. Generally, the compact- spun yarns display higher mean migration intensity and lower values of mean fibre position, helix angle and helix diameter. It is also observed that the yarn structures produced under various spinning conditions yield different performance characteristics and the differences are quite meaningful; however, using appropriate twist factor and varying spindle speed, one can successfully spun yarns with less hairiness, better abrasion resistance, and quite sufficient structural integrity and compressional energy. An optimal spinning draft is required if the optimum level of structural integrity, compressional energy, compressional resilience and abrasion resistance of a yarn needs to be achieved for a specific end-use. The behaviour of compact-spun yarns is noticeably better in respect of tensile strength, work of rupture, abrasion resistance, hairiness and mass irregularity.

8 illus, 3 tables

016751   Tyagi G K;Bhattacharyya S;Bhowmick M;Narang R (NO, The Technological Institute of Textile and Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Cotton ring-and compact-spun yarn fabrics. I. Effects of spinning variables on hand-related characteristics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 45-9.

Importance of yarn structural variants such as spinning draft, twist factor, yarn structure, and spindle speed in deciding the hand-related characteristics of woven cotton fabrics has been investigated using FAST evaluation system. The data indicate that the processing differences of each yarn type confer different extensibility, bending rigidity and shear rigidity values, and the differences in the yarn structure affect the fabric formability and other low deformation characteristics. Effects obtained by changing twist factor and spinning draft are found to be significant; however, by using an optimum spinning draft and varying twist factor, one can successfully produce fabrics with low rigidities and quite sufficient extensibility and formability. The spindle speed does not seem to affect the coercive shear rigidity in either ring- or compact-spun yarn fabrics. The handle response of fabrics woven with compact-spun yarns is quite satisfactory in many respects.

5 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

016750   Singh K V P;Chatterjee A;Das A (Textile Technology Dep, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 011, Email: apurba@textile.iitd.ernet.in) : Physiological comfort of fabrics made up of structurally modified friction-spun yarns. I. Vapour transmission. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 31-7.

Effect of sheath fibre proportion, fibre fineness, and yarn fineness on physiological comfort related properties such as air permeability, water vapour permeability and thermal conductivity of Dref-III friction-spun yarn fabrics has been studied with an objective to analyse the feasibility of modified yarns for apparel end use. Samples have been prepared using polyester filament fibre as core, viscose staple fibre as secondary core and water soluble polyvinyl alcohol as sheath. It is observed that the structural modification of yarn influences the comfort related properties, effecting the vapour transmission behavior.

3 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

016749   Sathianarayanan M P;Bhat N V;Kokate S S; Walunj V E (NO, The Bombay Textile Research Association, L.B.S. Marg, Ghatkopar (West), Mumbai-400 086, Email: bhatnarendra@hotmail.com) : Antibacterial finish for cotton fabric from herbal products. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 50-8.

Ecofriendly natural antibacterial finish has been prepared from the plant extracts for textile application. Herbal extracts from Ocimum sanctum (tulsi leaf) and rind of Punica granatum (pomegranate) have been applied to cotton fabric by the method of direct application, micro-encapsulation, resin cross-linking and their combinations. All the treatments show good antibacterial properties for the fabrics. Except the method of direct application, all other treatments show good washing durability up to 15 washes. The surface morphological studies using SEM show the surface coating, microcapsules and some fibrillation. The GC-MS studies reveal that the major components responsible for the antibacterial properties are Eugenol, Germacrene and Phytol. A small decrease in tensile strength and crease recovery angle is observed for resin treated and micro-encapsulated fabrics respectively. But in the combined processes no significant changes are observed.

5 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

016748   Sai Krishnan A N;Ashok Kumar L (Apparel Technology Dep, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: lak@eee.psgtech.ac.in) : Design of sewing thread tension measuring device. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 65-7.

Sewing thread tension measuring device has been developed and incorporated in the high speed lock stitch sewing machine. The construction of woven and knitted fabrics has tremendous influence on needle thread tension. It is observed that the fabric yield and thickness show high correlation with needle thread tension and less correlation with thread ticket number.

^ssc3 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

016747   Raja A S M;Thilagavathi G;Kannaian T (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: thilagapsg@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis of spray dried polyvinyl pyrrolidone coated silver nanopowder and its application on wool and cotton for microbial resistance. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 59-64.

Silver nanoparticle - polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite containing 100 ppm of silver has been synthesized in powder form for textile applications, using sono-chemical method comprising sonication and reduction with trisodium citrate followed by spray drying. The synthesized PVP coated silver nanopowder is then characterized by UV-Visible spectra, atomic absorption spectra, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays. The results indicate the presence of silver particle of the size 50-60 nm in the synthesized powder. The silver nanopowder has been applied on cotton and wool to impart antimicrobial efficacy by exhaustion method. The treated cotton fabric shows a clear microbial resistance with 35-40 mm zone of inhibition in the agar diffusion test against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The treated wool fabric shows 100%, 97% and 99% antimicrobial efficacy in the quantitative AATCC 100 test against the above-mentioned microorganisms respectively.

4 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

016746   Meena Sharma;Nachane R P (NO, K J Somaiya College of Science, University of Mumbai, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 077, Email: drrpnachane@hotmail.com) : Novel method for scouring textile cotton. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 72-4.

Simple novel method has been developed for scouring different varieties of cotton fibres and fabrics using non-ionic surfactant and the results are compared with those of the conventional method. It is observed that the novel method does not affect the 2.5% span length, micronaire and tenacity of the cotton. However, the uniformity ratio is found to decrease on treatment. Sinking time for the treated cotton remains within the standard limits, thus making it suitable as absorbent. On comparing with conventional method, it is found that the dye uptake, and colour fastness to washing and perspiration of cotton fabrics treated with the new method are equal to or better than those of the fabrics treated with conventional method. The new method is not only simple to operate but also ecofriendly and economic.

^ssc6 tables, 6 ref

016745   Gupta B;Srivastava A;Grover N;Saxena S (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: bgupta@textile.iitd.ernet.in) : Plasma induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) monofilament. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 9-14.

Graft polymerization of acrylic acid has been carried out on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) monofilament to introduce carboxylic acid groups. The filament is treated with oxygen plasma for the introduction of peroxides and subsequently grafted with acrylic acid. The influence of monomer concentration, plasma exposure time and reaction temperature on the degree of grafting has been investigated. The grafted filament is subsequently immobilized with chitosan. ATR-FTIR confirms the immobilization of chitosan. The contact angle decreases from 72° for virgin PET to 38° for 180s plasma exposured sample, 42° for the grafted and 36° for the chitosan immobilized sample which shows significant improvement in the wettability. The surface topography of filaments is characterized by atomic force microscopy.

6 illus, 33 ref

016744   Gokarneshan N;Jegadeesan N;Dhanapal P (NO, NIFT-TEA College of Knitwear Fashion, Tiruppur-641 606, Email: advaitcbe@rediffmail.com) : Recent innovations in loom shedding mechanisms. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 85-94.

Critical analysis of the recent research developments in the loom shedding mechanisms has been reported. The use of angle shedding disks without dynamic warp loading in multi-phase weaving machines enables to weave higher pick densities and difficult varieties of fabrics. Other researches have been directed towards more effective heald movements and better design of shedding cams. Also highlights the various developments related to these areas and provides scope for further research in the shedding mechanisms.

7 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

016743   Debnath S;Madhusoothanan M (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040, Email: sanjoydebnath@yahoo.com) : Thermal insulation, compression and air permeability of polyester needle-punched nonwoven. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 38-44.

Normal round, circular hollow and trilobal cross-sectional shaped polyester fibres have been used to prepare needle-punched nonwoven fabrics for technical textile application. Effects of fabric weight and fibre cross-sectional shapes on thermal insulation value (TIV), fabric thickness, density, percentage compression, air permeability and sectional air permeability (SAP) have been studied. Comparison between Marsh and plate methods of TIV measurement has also been studied along with the inter-relation and grouping of parameters using correlation matrix and cluster analysis approach respectively. The TIV, thickness, density, air permeability and SAP fall under different sub-cluster but all these parameters are dependent on fabric weight. Plate method of TIV measurement is preferred over Marsh TIV measurement because of the easy preparation of samples and the reason that the samples retain their original properties and it gives more accurate results. Trilobal fabric sample shows highest TIV, thickness and percentage compression followed by regular and hollow polyester needle-punched fabrics. Thermal insulation value, thickness and density of the fabric increase but percentage compression, air permeability and SAP decrease with the increase in fabric weight. The fabric thickness is significantly correlated with fabric weight and TIV. Fabric weight versus air permeability and fabric density versus SAP are negatively correlated with significant correlation coefficient.

5 tables, 13 ref

016742   Das D;Ishtiaque S M;Mishra P (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: dipayan@textile.iitd.ernet.in) : Fibre openness using image analysis technique. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 15-20.

Newly developed methodology based on image analysis technique has been used to measure fibre openness and the results are compared with those of the traditional method of measurement of fibre openness. The role of different opening process parameters in deciding the openness of fibres has been examined and the effect of fibre openness on the quality of fibres, slivers and yarns discussed. The openness of fibres obtained by image analysis technique is found to be much higher than that obtained by beaker test method. It is found that the higher speed of opening rollers and higher angle of grid bars improve fibre openness appreciably, but with little deterioration in fibre quality. The higher fibre openness ultimately results into more regular and less imperfect yarn. With the increase in fibre openness, yarn strength and yarn breaking elongation increase initially and then decrease. Yarn hairiness remains almost unchanged with the increase in fibre openness.

5 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

016741   Chattopadhyay D P;Vyas D D (Textile Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodra-390 001, Email: dpchat6@gmail.com) : Effect of silicone nano-emulsion softener on physical properties of cotton fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(1), 68-71.

Effect of silicone nano-emulsion softener against silicone conventional emulsion softener on the physical properties of cotton fabric has been studied. It is observed that the nano-emulsion softener improves the feel, softness and crease recovery to a higher extent compared to the conventional emulsion softener. However, the nano form of emulsion causes higher loss in strength with increased elongation-at-break. The water absorbency of nano-emulsion treated fabric is found to be poorer than that of the conventional emulsion.

^ssc4 tables, 12 ref

014479   Suriyanarayanan S;Karthikeyan K; Balasubramanian S (Center for Water and Health, JSS Univ, Mysore-570 015, Email: sunsjk@gmail.com) : FT-IR spectroscopic characterization of humic substances in the treated paper mill effluent irrigated soil. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 726-33.

The objective of this study is to analyze changes in the chemical characteristics of long term paper mill treated effluent irrigated soil humic substances. Soil was sampled from the waste paper based paper mill effluent irrigated land located at Bukkathurai in Mathuranthangam taluk of Tamilnadu. Humic substances, the major organic constituents of soil and sediments, are widely distributed over the earth's surface. Humic substances are also reported to improve soil structure and detoxify soil by adsorbing metals deleterious to plant growth, which can improve plant health and their resistance to pathogens. Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) has been widely used for the characterization of components macromolecular and humic substances from 1980 onwards. This technique yields various ranges of carboxylic acids, alcohols, carbohydrates, phenolic hydroxyls and p-diketones etc. All the samples analyzed indicate a sharp and extensive band at 1033 cm-1 - 1030 cm-1 which represents alcohols, carbohydrates and inorganic compounds. The presence of strong band of cellulose and carbohydrates is due to the presence of cellulose in treated wastewater from paper mill.

3 illus, 21 ref

014478   Durgawale H M (NO, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Email: hemantdurgawale@gmail.com) : Spider silk - a miracle in fiber engineering. J Coop Univ Res Ind Enterpr 2010, 3(1), 44-51.

Smart materials are synthetic substances engineered to mimic certain behaviors of living things. Many of the natural fibers offer excellent properties suitable for various applications in apparel and non-apparel areas. Spider silk is a filamentous natural protein fiber produced by the spiders. This fiber is six times stronger than nylon and steel fiber of equal diameter. Also Spider silk can stretch up to four times its own length. How can the thread spun by such a tiny creature have properties vastly superior to rubber and steel, product of centuries of accumulated human knowledge? This paper explores the spider's silk spinning process, its chemical composition, microscopic and fine structure of dragline silk, action of solvents and super contraction of silk. Also the discussion about the optical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of different spider silks. This summarizes the engineering properties of the spider silks and compares with other natural and synthetic poly amide fibers. Even with all the benefits, we cannot use the natural spider silk directly. The only alternative is artificial production of spider silk. Their aggregation during the spinning for achieving properties similar to the native fiber still remains as a challenge. Spider silk is clearly an example of a versatile fiber that plays a key role in insect ecology and serves as an excellent model for the flexible manufacturing in specialty fibers. Spider silk has various applications, the major ones being in the field of medicine and defense and many more.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

014477   Bains S;Verma N;Singh P (Clothing & Textiles Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: sandeepbain_pau@rediffmail.com) : Optimization of conditions for enzymatic pre-treatment of silk with protease enzyme. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 902-5.

Hand woven khadi silk fabric was pretreated with proteolytic enzyme (Silkenz DGM Liquid). These enzymatic conditions were optimized without significantly affecting the physical properties. Optimized enzymatic conditions included pH media 8, enzyme concentration 10% (owf) and treatment time of 60 minutes.

3 tables, 4 ref

011386   Obidi O F;Aboaba O O;Makanjuola M S;Nwachukwu S C U (Botany and Microbiology Dep, Lagos Univ, 11001, Nigeria, Email: laideob@yahoo.com) : Microbial evaluation and deterioration of paints and paint-products. J envir Biol 2009, 30(5; Suppl), 835-40.

The microbial quality of materials and final products of a reputable paint industry in Lagos area were analysed. The bacterial contaminants isolated in the paint-products included Bacillus brew's, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus, Lactobacillus gasseri, L. brew's, Esherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The fungal contaminants detected in the paints were mainly Aspergillus niger, A. flaws and Penicillium citrinum. The microbial populations in the raw materials ranged from 1.0 x 10^{6- 9.5 x 106 cfu g-1 for bacteria and between 1.25 x 104and 6.8x104 cfu g-1 for fungi while those present in packaging materials ranged from 3.45 x 106 - 7.65 x 106 cfu g-1 for bacteria and 2.4 x103 - 2.8 x 103 cfu g-1 for fungi respectively. The bacterial populations in the fresh paint samples monitored every two weeks from the time of production ranged from 1.6x101-4.7x 105cfu ml-1 while the fungal populations ranged from 1.0 x101-5.5x 103cfu ml-1 over a ten-month study period. The optical density at 600nm increased while transmittance, pH, specific gravity and viscosity of the paint samples decreased over the period suggesting gradual deterioration of the aesthetic qualities of the paint-products with time as indicated by the measured parameters.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

010322   Yadav S;Rose N M;Singh S S J (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana) : Analysis of selected natural dyes for physico-chemical properties. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(4), 136-8.

The characterization of natural dyes helps in the reproducibility of shades and thus widens their usage in textile dyeing. In the present study, three plant materials were selected. The selected plant materials were analyzed for their ash content, acid insoluble ash, moisture content, water extractive value, UV/VIS spectra, pH of 1 percent solution and tannin content as per the standard methods. The study revealed that moisture content (9.60%), ash content (19.20%), acid insoluble (15.95%) and pH of 1 percent solution (7.4) were maximum in Bhringraj leaves. Rein wardtia flowers had maximum water extractive value (44.93%) and Kachnar bark had highest tannin content (24.35%).

1 table, 7 ref

010321   Tarafder N;Das D (Govt. College of Engg. & Textile Technology, , 12 Dr. William Carey Road, P.O-Serampore, Dist. Hooghly, West Bengal) : Ranking of plain knitted single jersey garments by wear performance. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(4), 122-9.

Textile materials are employed in various fields of utilization which have made the textile world a unique sphere. Knitted textiles have its own complex behaviour in construction for the purpose of its end uses. Readymade garment is the final form of a textile fabric which is given a definite shape and size as per the specifications required. It is the task of a textile technologist to know in details about the raw materials of the readymade garments as well as the ready-modes, in order to help the common people to assess the quality parameters of the garments before its selection. Envisages the ranking of garments based on quality parameters study by physical and chemical test methods.

16 tables, 21 ref

010320   Subramaniam V;Poongodi G R;Veena Sindhuja V (Textile Dep, Jaya Engineering College, Chennai) : Agro-textiles. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(3), 80-4.

Deals with 'AGRO-TEXTILE' which is a part of technical textile. Tapping the potential of technical textile and putting their vital properties for the development of agriculture and forestry is known as Agro-textile. In this paper we have discussed about the production, needs, areas of use, basic properties needed for agro-textile products. Importance of agro-textile products for agriculture is stressed by discussing about various agro-textile products like Sunscreens', Bird protection nets, Plant nets. Ground covers, Wind shields, Root ball nets. Insect meshes. The latest developed products like, Turf protection net, Monofil nets, Tape net, Cherry covers. Packing materials for agricultural products also discussed with their properties and uses.

5 ref

010319   Parthasarathi V (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 006) : Versatility of high performance fibres. Man Made Text India 2008, 51(4), 116-21.

High performance fibres are showing rapid growth our the other existing fibres. They have advantages properties such as high strength, high modulus, light weight, good heart and chemical resistance. A review of all the high performance fibres is mentioned.

^iia2 tables, 4 ref