010026   Ykk Corp (NO, , No. 1, Kanda Izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) : A knit slide fastener. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010025   Scharer Schweiter Mettler Ag (NO, , CH - 8812 Horgen, Switzerland) : Device for winding a yarn onto a bobbin. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010024   Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Postfach 10 09 60, Friedrich - Ebert Strasse 84, D - 85046 Ingolstadt, Germany) : A sliver funnel and an apparatus for manufacturing a sliver for subsequent manufacture of a spun yarn. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010023   Pansari P K (NO, , 142, Udyog Bhavan, Sonawala Road, Goregaon (E), Mumbai-400 063) : A cot. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010022   NGK Insulators Ltd (NO, , 2-56, Sudo-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Pref, Japan) : Process to produce ceramic tubes for metal halide lamps. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010021   Nakoda Textile Industries Ltd (NO, , 738, Ajanta Shopping Centre, Ring Road, Surat 395 002) : An apparatus for packaging of yarn, spools. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010020   Kimberly - Calrk Worldwide Inc (NO, , 401 N. Lake Street, Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, USA) : A film/nonwoven laminate and a process for producing the same. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010019   Indian Jute Industries Research Association (NO, , 17, Taratola Road, Calcutta-700 088) : An improved process of producing bright light fast dehaired and easily dyeable jute fabrics by bleaching. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010018   Indian Jute Industries Research Asso (NO, , 17, Taratola Road, Calcutta-700 088) : A device for removing bobbins from flyer spinning frames in jute industry. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010017   Yadav V K;Kothari V K (Dep of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Prediction of air-jet textured yarn properties using statistical method and neural network. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 149-56.

Artificial neural network has been used for predicting the air-jet textured yarn properties and the performance of ANN model has been compared with the statistical model based on Box-Behnken response surface design. Leaving apart some stray cases, the artificial neural network is able to predict the properties with reasonably low prediction error. Prediction ability of the network is better for the instability and physical bulk property as compared to tenacity. For the set of data used for constructing the network, the mean square errors are comparatively higher in the neural network model than the regression model.

5 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

010016   Vasanthy M;Sangeetha M;Kavitha C (Govt arts College, P G and Research Department of Environmental Science, Ariyalur 621 713) : Positive utilisation of mixture of Sorghum vulgare spike carbon, flyash and CAC for the removal of chromium from synthetic effluents. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 513-6.

Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was investigated using the mixture of SVSC, flyash and commercial activated carbon (CAC). Inorder to understand the adsorption behaviour and adsorption potential of mixture of Sorghum Vulgare spike carbon (SVSC), flyash and CAC, batch type experiments were conducted on adsorbent-adsorbate system with different concentration of chromium (10-50 mg/L) at 2 different pH values (2,9) for 6 hr. The metal removal eficiency of 100% was achieved with intermittent hand shaking condition at pH 2. The adsorption date followed the Freundlich isotherm model.

3 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

010015   Tyagi G K;Sharma K R;Goyal A;Singh M (NO, The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani 127 021) : Variation in polyester-viscose and polyester-cotton ring and rotor yarn characteristics as a consequence of fibre cross-section. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 184-9.

The influence of twist factor and rotor speed on the properties of polyester ring and rotor yarns spun from polyester fibres of circular and trilobal cross-sections has been studied. The results show that the fibre profile plays a key role in determining the mechanical and surface properties of all-polyester, polyester-viscose and polyester-cotton yarns, as evidenced by the fact that both ring and rotor yarns spun with trilobal polyester fibres have lower tenacity, higher breaking extension, more twist liveliness, lower work of rupture and higher flexural rigidity. Furthermore, lesser yarn-to-metal friction, higher dye pick-up and low hairiness can be obtained for blended yams having polyester fibres of non-circular cross-section. Both twist factor and rotor speed strongly affect all yarn properties and the behaviour is similar for all the yarns.

6 tables, 13 ref

010014   Tyagi G K;Sharma D (The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, , Bhiwani 127 021) : Performance and low-stress characteristics of polyester-cotton MVS yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 301-7.

The effect of twisting jet pressure, nozzle distance, delivery speed, yarn linear density and fibre composition on the performance and low-stress characteristics of polyester-cotton Murata vortex spun yarns has been studie. The coarser yarns produced using the same conditions exhibit higher abrasion resistance, tensile energy and compressional energy but lower per cent decay. Higher jet pressure and wider nozzle distance offer considerable advantages in respect of structural intergrity, abrasion resistance and resilience but there is deterioration in these characteristics at a very high jet pressure. Tensile energy initially increases with the increase in jet pressure and nozzle distance and then drops when jet pressure is furtehr increased. Compressional energy, on theother hand, exhibits a decrease followed by an increase with the increasing jet pressure. Structural integrity and abrasion resistance deteriorate with the increasing delivery speed.

6 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

010013   Tyagi G K;Goyal A;Dhanda K (The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, , Bhiwani 127 021) : Frictional and mechanical properties of mercerized ring-and rotor-spun yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 357-61.

The response of cotton ring-and rotor-spun yarns to mercerization treatment has been investigated. It is observed that the caustic mercerization causes major changes in the mechanical and frictional behaviour of yarns, though the magnitudes of changes are different for different ring-and rotor-yarns, depending on the process parametes used. Both mercerized ring and rotor yarns display higher knot and loop strength and lower extensibility, elastic recovery and surface friction than the corresponding unmercerized yarns. Mercerization is an effective means of reducing hairiness and twist liveliness of both types of yarn.

3 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

010012   Subramanian S;Gobi N (Dep of Textile Technology, A C College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025) : Effect of process parameters comber on yarn and fabric properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 196-9.

The effect of different process parameters at comber on yam and fabric properties for the same noil% has been studied. It is observed that there exists a best combination of process parameters at comber for every noil % based on the length and length distribution of fibre. While selecting these process parameters, it is necessary to study the classimat faults as well as fabric appearance instead of only yarn imperfections and tenacity. The increase in top comb penetration beyond a certain level increases the classimat faults in the categories H and I due to the disturbance of combed fringe by the top comb, though there is a reduction in the imperfections and classimat faults due to raw material.

5tables, 11 ref

010011   Singh K K;Singh N L;Hasan S H (Banaras Hindu University, Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology, Varanasi 221 005) : Removal of copper from wastewater by agricultural waste wheat bran. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 499-505.

Wheat bran a low cost biosorbent has been used for the removal of Copper (II) from wastewater. The effect of various parameters, such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, pH of the medium and temperature have been studied. The conditions for the optimum removal of copper (II) were found 94% at pH of 8.0, initial concentration, 40 mg/L and temperature 20°C. Dynamics of the sorption process were studied and the values of rate constant of adsorption pore diffusion coefficient and mass transfer coefficients were calculated. A generalised empirical model is proposed for the kinetics at different initial concentrations. Mass transfer of Cu (II) from the bulk to the solid phase, namely wheat bran has also been studied at different temperatures. Different thermodynamic parameters, namely, changes in standard free energy, enthalpy and entropy have also been evaluated and it has been found that the reaction was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The applicability of Langmuir isotherm suggests the formation of monolayer coverage of adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. The data has been subjected to multiple regression analysis and a computer model has been developed to predict the removal of Cu (II) from wastewater.

5 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

010010   Shukla S R;Shinde S C;Bayne A S;Patil S M (Division of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019) : Dyeing of wool with Acacia pennata. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 350-2.

Wool fabric has been dyed with a aqueous extract fromt he bark of Acacia pennata containing tannin as the major colourant. Dyeing with the combination of extracts of Acacia pennata and banana stem has also been carried out and improvement in depth of colour without altering the tone observed. The colour of the fabrics has been evaluated on computer colour matching system in terms of K/S and L* a* b* colour coordinates. The dyeing shows moderate to good fastness to washing, light and rubbing.

1 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

010009   Sawhney A P S;Price J B;Calamari T A (Dep of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S., New Orleans, LA 70124) : A successful weaving trial with a size-free cotton warp. Indian J Fibre Text Res 0000, 29(2), 117-21.

A combed cotton rotor-spun yarn of high quality was produced using customary industrial equipment. The yarn was warped, ensuring a consistent individual yarn tension. The warp set was uninterruptedly washed and cleaned in boiling water containing a mild detergent and a wetting agent, dried on a dummy slasher (i.e. without using any conventional sizing agent) to set the yarn twist torque, and wound onto a loom beam. A 2/1 twill fabric of a slightly open construction was successfully woven on a modified fly-shuttle loom, operating under normal speed and mill-like conditions. Although the yarn hairiness increased visibly as the warp raced forward towards the cloth fell, absolutely no fiber clinging or yarn snagging occurred and, for the first time ever, about 50 m of fabric was woven without a single warp yarn failure, which is very encouraging. This preliminary weaving trial indicates that weaving a singles cotton yarn without the traditional warp sizing may now indeed be feasible at least for certain types of yarns, fabrics and weaving machinery. Planned size-free weaving trials involving different types of fibers, yarns and modem weaving machinery are expected to determine the prospect and commercial scope of size-free weaving.

1 tables, 9 ref

010008   Sauicaityte I;Daulcantiene V;Gutauskas M (Dep of Apparel and Polymer Products Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas 3031, Lithuania, ) : Woven fabric behaviour during pulling disc-shaped specimen through a central hole. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 138-42.

The behaviour of suiting during pulling a disc-shaped specimen through a central hole of replaceable stand was investigated. The tests were performed using KTU-Griff Tester. Fabric behaviour was evaluated on the basis of the parameters of the typical pulling curve H-P (punch height - pulling force): maximum pulling force (P_{max), tangent of the slope angle (tg<94>) of initial part of curve H-P, pulling work (A), and changes in fabric thickness (5) and maximum specimen deformation (Hmax). The analysis of the changes in the specimen geometric parameters has shown that the parameters a and d of epicycloid and the number of waves (wrinkles) N depend on the level of deformation H and on properties of the tested fabric. The used method of pulling a disc-shaped specimen through a central hole of stand can be applicable for the investigation of mechanical properties of different textile fabrics, such as anisotropy of textile hand and drape.}

4 illus, 4 table, 14 ref

010007   Sang-Song L (Dep of Apparel, National Pintung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China) : Using drape form to establish discriminant models of fabric characteristics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 143-8.

Focuses on the approaches to discriminate between the fabrics with different characterized generic drape forms. Four fabric groups, woven from cotton, linen, wool and silk, were used. Discriminant analysis was used to characterize and discriminate between the different fabric groups. The parameters for analysis were from drape forms based on the Cusick fabric drape instrument. It is observed that the 14 drape forms are able to classify the four groups of fabrics with a 98.3 classification accuracy rate. Also, by using the factor analysis, the distribution of characteristics dimension for the four kinds of fabrics can be understood.

2 illus, 10 tables, 9 ref

010006   Samanta A K;Mitra S (Textile Chemistry Section, Institute of Jute Technology, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019) : Efficacy of selective surfactants/detergents as washing agents on soiled white and dyed cotton fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 223-32.

Four different types of surfactant, namely alkyl benzene sulphonate (A), sodium lauryl sulphate (B), glycerol monostearate (C) and distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (D), have been used in single and multiple washing of a soiled white/dyed cotton fabric to determine their critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and to assess their washing performance in terms of changes in some of the physical properties of fabrics, per cent soil removal from soiled white fabric and maximum retention of colour depth of dyed fabric. The washing performance of each surfactant at lower concentration level by multiple wash cycles has also been studied. Wash fastness rating by grey scale and washing performance in terms of retention of colour depth of reactive dye dyed cotton fabric have been assessed and compared by measuring the corresponding K/S values and colour difference values after washing with these surfactants by ISO-II and ISO-Ill methods. It is observed that the CMC value and the corresponding degree of soil removal at CMC level are 1.9 % and 90.8 % for surfactant A, 1.5 % and 90.6 % for surfactant B, 2 % and 92 % for surfactant C, and 1% and 39.4 % for surfactant D respectively. On multiple wash, the surfactants C and D do not show good performance at lower concentration (0.5-1%), while the surfactant B is found to be better than others. Considering the changes in physical properties of fabrics after washing, washing performance, critical micelle concentration of surfactants and retention of colour depth after washing, the surfactant B shows an overall balanced performance.

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

010005   Rengasamy R S;Kothari V K;Patnaik A (Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Stress-strain characteristics of air-jet textured polyester yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 283-9.

Stress-strain characteristics of air-jet textured yarn are affected by many factors, including overfeed and constituent feeder arn properties. After texturing, there is a considerable reduction in tenacity and modulus of yarns. Yarn extension at peak load mostly decreases moderately after texturing. Majority of the textured yarns exhibit catastrophic tensile failure. Core-wetted textured yarns textured with less number of coarse effect filaments exhibit non-catastrophic tensile failure. Normal (parallel-feed) textured yarns are more extensible and have less initial modulus.

6 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

010004   Ravindra P N (Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board, , 272a, Ist Main Padmanahhanagar, Bangalore 560 070) : Innovative activated sludge process- unique system. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 542-6.

The innovative activated sludge process (IASP) is the integrated version of the activated sludge process (ASP), which aims to simplify the latter in terms of construction and opernational aspects. This system behaves similar to that of a complete mix ASP as can be seen from the series of experiments carried out using a pilot-plant. The syatem has been developed by considering all the design criteria of an ASP. Its efficiency is high at higher values of mean cell residence time (MCRT) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration. The advantages of the unified IAPS are that the system is simple to esign, construct and oprate. However process control is sometimes difficult because of the absence of controlled sludge recycle pumps. The chief gain is that the sludge is recycled to the heart before the microorganisms deplete the entire disslved oxygen (DO).

8 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

010003   Raj A;Chandra R (Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Environmental Microbiology Section, M G Marg, Lucknow 226 001) : Comparative analysis of physico-chemical and bacteriological parametes of kraft and pulp paper mill effluents. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 481-9.

7 tables, 21 ref

010002   Prabaharan M;Almeida L (Centre for Science and Textile Technology, University of Minho, Guimaraes 4800, Portugal) : Process optimization in tetraacetyl ethylenediamine activated sodium perborate bleaching of cotton. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 343-9.

Cotton fabric has been bleached with tetracetyl ethylenediamine (TAED) activated sodium perborate by varying sodium perborate concentration, TAED concentration and temperature. The effect of these process parameters on the quality of the bleached cotton has been studied and compared with the conventionally bleached cotton. Improved whiteness with minimum fibre damage can be obtained by activated sodium perborate bleaching at lower temperature and for shorter exposure duration. The process is found to reduce energy cost and effluent load on environment.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

010001   Ortlek H G;Ulku S (Department of Textile Engineering, Universityof Uludag, Bursa, Turkey) : Factors influencing the abrasion properties of chenille yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 353-6.

The effect of material type, pile length and twisting rate on the abrasion properties of chenille yarns has been studied. Twenty-seven diferent chenille yarns have been produced using three different twist levels (800, 850 and 900 twists/m) and three different pile lengths (0.7, 0.8 and 1.0 mm) from three different materials (cotton, viscose and acrylic) and then used as weft yarn for producing upholstery fabrics. It is observed that the material type, twist level and pile length have significant effect on the abrasion resistance of chenille yarns. The abrasion resistance of cotton chenille yarns is found to be higher followed by the acrylic chenille yarns and viscose chenille yarns.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

010000   Ogale V;Alagirusamy R (Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Textile preforms for advanced composites. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 366-75.

Textile preforming operations play a key role in most of the composite manufacturing processes. The basic textile yarn and fabric forming processes have been modified and developed to significant extent to meet the increasing demand from the composite manufacturing sector. Apart from being cost efective technology employed for obtaining diferent fibre orientations and near net shapes, textile preforms also lead to improved mechanical properties of the resulting composites in certain aspects. The developments in the field of textile performing along with their advantages and disadvantages have been critically reviewed.

5 illus, 4 tables, 40 ref

009999   Naik S V;Somashekar T H (Central Silk Technological Research Institute, , B T M Layout, Madiwala, Bangalore 560 068) : Influence of cocoon spinning conditions on reeling performance and quality of raw silk of multibivoltine cocoons. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 324-32.

Influence of temperature and humidity maintained during cocoon spinning on reeling performance and quality of raw silk has been studied for multibivoltine cocoons. Temperatures of 27°C and 30°C and humidity conditions of 70% and 90%, with and without air circulation, were maintaiend using Sericatron during cocoon spinning by matured silkworms. The reeling characteristics, viz. reelability, non-broken filament length, raw silk %, and quality characteristics, viz. neatness, cleanness, tenacity and elongation, have been found to be significantly better for cocoons spun under low temperature and low humidity conditions as compared to those for cocoons spun under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The high temperature and high humidity conditios, particularly without air circulation, during cocoon spinning affect severely both the reeling and quality characteristics of raw silk. The air circulation during cocoon spinning improves the reeling performance and quality of raw silk, significantly both in the case of high and low humidity conditions. The effect of humidity on reeling performance and quality of silk may be attributed to the structural changes in the sericin due to the high humidity conditions during cocoon spinning.

10 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

009998   Mukherjee S;Majumdar P K (College of Textile Technology, , Serampore 712 201) : Studies on characteristics of flyer and dref-3 spun jute yarns texturized by sodium hydroxide solution. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 318-23.

The tensile and bulk properties of texturized and texturized-steamed jute-acrylic dref-3 yarns as well as of texturized and mercerized jute-cotton dref-3 yarns have been studied and compared with those of the conventional jute untreated and texturized yarns. The percentage loss in tenacity, weight and bulkiness is found to be minimum for treated jute-cotton dref-3 yarns whereas flyer-spun jute texturized yarns show maximum bulkiness and loss in tenacity and weight. The tenacity, initial modulus, modulus ratio, specific work of rupture and packing coefficient values of dref-3 jute texturized yarns are higher than those of jute flyer-spun texturized yarns. A characteristic difference in the stick-slip pattern of failure is also observed for parent and treated jute flyer-spun yarns as well as for parent and treated jute-acrylic and jute-cotton dref-3 yarns.

3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

009997   Manickavasakam K;Krishnan S M;Sameena Y; Vennilamani N;Pattabhi S (PSG College of Arts and Science, Departmental Science, Coimbatore 641 014) : Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption on to activated carbon. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 534-41.

The adsportion capacity of the activated carbon prepared from Gulmohar tree fruits was evaluated by the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption under different conditions, such as agitation time, initial dye concentration, adsorbentdosage, particle size and pH. Desorption study was carried out to elucidate the mechanism of adsorption. The time required to attain equilibrium was found to be 45 and 60 min for 20, 40 and 60.80 mg/L dye concentration, respectively. The adsorption followed a pseudo first order rate equation and the experimental data follows Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption capacity was found to be 96.15 mg/g of Gulmohar tree fruit carbon (GTFC) at the pH of 6 ± 0.2 and at room temperature (30 ± 2 °C) for the particle size of 125 - 250 pm. The complete removal of the dye from 20 and 40 mg/L of aqueous solution was possible with 1.2 and 1.4 g of the activated carbon, respectively. The percent removal was increased with decrease in the particle size of the adsorbent. The influence of pH on dye removal was insignificant and the adsorbed dye could not recover in both acidic acid basic conditions.

7 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

009996   Majumdar A;Majumdar P K;Sarkar B (NO, College of Textile Technology, Berharpore-742 101) : Prediction of single yarn tenacity of ring-and rotor-spun yarns from HVI results using artificial neural networks. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 157-62.

Artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the single yarn tenacity of ring- and rotor- spun yarns form the cotton fibre properties, measured by high volume instrument, have been presented. Seven cotton fibre properties and yarn fineness have been used as the inputs to the neural network. Different network structures have been used to optimize the prediction performance. The relative importance of all the cotton fibre properties has also been quantified. The ANN models could predict the single yam tenacity with less than 5 and 2 mean error in case of ring- and rotor- spun yarns respectively. Yarn fineness, fibre bundle tenacity, elongation and length uniformity are the dominant input parameters which influence the single yarn tenacity of spun yarns.

3 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref

009995   Maillo J;Cayuela D;Gac<130>n J; Estrenjer E;Sitges A M (NO, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, C/Colom 7, 08222 Trerrassa, Spain) : Fine structure variations of polyester tow at different treatment conditions. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 200-6.

Differences in fine structure of a polyester tow stabilized at different conditions of temperature, treatment time and compactness have been studied. The effective temperature of thermal treatments, crystallinity, and total and superficial oligomers have been determined. The variation in fine structure due to stabilization treatment through iodine sorption and differential solubility tests has also been studied. It is observed that the temperature is the most important variable in the process as it produces important fine structure variations (crystallinity differences). The compactness is the less important variable of the process.

11 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

009994   Lin J H;Chang C H;Chen H C;Lou C W (Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Graduate Institute, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan) : Polyester textured yarn fabricated spun-like filament by rotor twister. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 278-82.

A novel rotor twister has been used to fabricate a spun-like filament yarn using a draw-textured yarn (DTY) as core yarn and a partially oriented yarn (POY) as wrapping yarn. During twisting, the core yarn passes through a pair of grinding wheels to cause hairness. The effects of rotor speed, twist multiplier, number of grinding wheels and counts of DTY on tenacity, elongation and hairiness have been studied. It is observed that the decrease in the number of grinding wheels increases the hairness but decreases the tenacity and elongation. The twist multiplier affects neither the tenacity nor the elongation but the increase in twist multiplier increases the hairness. The increase in rotor speed increases the tenacity and elongation but decreases the hairiness. With a twist multiplier of 1.4, rotor speed of 8000 rpm and grinding wheels of (60#+120#), the filament yarn excellently imitates spu yarn.

8 illus, 14 ref

009993   Kumar R M;Kumar M D;Pulavendran S;Ganesh R; Ramanujam R A (Central Leather Research Institute, Department of Environmental Technology, Adyar, Chennai 600 020) : Treatment of tannery wastewater by activated sludge process-a kinetic approach. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 490-8.

Activated sludge process is a highly effective and commonly adapted method of aerobic biological treatment systems and is normally designed on the basis of simplified hydraulic related parameters. Designs of biological treatment systems based on hydraulic considerations are not adequate to ensure efficient operation. This is due to the wide variationi n the compositionof wastewater and the complex natureof the biochemical reactions occurringin the treatment processes. Hence design of biological treatment systems should be based on the kinetic approach rather than hydraulic parameters considerations. The present study was aimed at developing biokinetic constants for the treatmentof chrome tannery waste water by activated sludge process. A laboratory scale completely mixed continuous flow reactor (total volume = 8L) was used (at 24-hr hydraulic retention time) for the study on treatability of tannery wastewater with different food to micro-organisms ration (F/M) and solids retention time (θc) ranging between 5 to 27 day to determine the biokinetic constants, like yield coefficient (Y_{t)m decay coefficient (Kd), maximum substrate utilisation rate (k), half saturation concentration (Ks) and substrate utilisation rate constant (ke) in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The value of these constants evaluated in the present study indicates that chrome tannery wastewater is moderately biodegradable and hence the need for extend aeration systems and high solids retention time has been sugested.}

9 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

009992   Joshi M;Bansal R;Purwar R (Dep of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Colour removal from textile effluents. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 239-59.

The environmental issues associated with residual colour in textile effluents have posed a major challenge to environmental scientists as well as the textile colouration processors. The requirements to remove colour from textile effluent on site prior to discharge to sewer have been progressively tightened due to increased public complaints about coloured watercourses. Dyes are highly dispersible aesthetic pollutants and are difficult to treat, as most dyes are highly stable molecules made to resist degradation by light, chemical, biological and other treatment or exposure. There has been a lot of research going in the past few decades to develop efficient and cost effective technologies to remove colour from textile effluent. Presents a critical review of the current literature available on various textile wastewater decolourisation techniques being applied and researched to remove colour from textile wastewater.

3 illus, 5 tables, 84 ref

009991   Itagi A A;Shete M;Asher K;Kanade N (NO, D.K.T.E Society's Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji 416 115) : Techno-economic control systems for polyester manufacturing. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 233-8.

A new approach for process control in polyester manufacturing plants is presented, which is based on the distributed control system and simulation, enabling a high degree of automation. The technology seems to be stable process with operational ease providing protection against misguidance and wastage. Although a high initial investment is called for nonetheless high investments can be recovered in just three years of installing this technologically superior and economically viable control system.

1 illus, 7 tables

009990   Ishtiaque S M;Rengasamy R S;Ghosh A (Dep of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016) : Optimization of ring frame process parameters for better yarn quality and production. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 190-5.

Ring frame process parameters, namely spindle speed, top roller pressure and traveller mass, have been optimized using three-variable Box and Behnken design to achieve better yarn quality and production. It is observed that 15000 rpm spindle speed with top roller pressure of 2.5 kg/cm^{2 and traveller mass of 50 ISO No. gives the optimum results within the experimental zone explored. But to achieve the spindle speed of 17000 rpm, the traveller mass of 40 ISO No. with the optimum value of top roller pressure gives acceptable running performance of the machine.}

6 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

009989   Hossain Sk M;Anantharaman N;Das M (Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Chemical Engineering Dep, Kilakarai 623 806) : Municipal wastewater treatment with synthetic polyelectrolytes and graft polyelectrolyte onto starch. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 517-22.

Attempts were made to carryout flocculation studies of municipal wastewater with starch-graft-polyacrylamide. Those results were compared with magnafloc LT-31, a comercial cationic polyacrylamide and magnafloc LT-27, a commercial anionic poly-acrylamide flocculants. The result that emerges from the works is that cationic polyelectrolyte, like magnafloc LT-31 showed best performance comparising magnafloc LT-27 and statch-g-polyacrylamide and guar gum-polyacrylamide. These flocculants could reduce colours of the effluents with FeCl_{3 coagulants.}

10 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

009988   Hockenberger A S;Karaca E (Department of Textile Engineering, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey) : Effect of suture structure on knot performance of polyamide sutures. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 271-7.

The knot performance of monofilament and braided polyamide (PA) sutures has been characterised by applying two different knots with two, three and four throws. It is observed that generally granny knot and braided structure have better knot performance. An additional throw does not increase the force required to break the suture. Suture size is also important for knot performance and the sutures behave differently when they are wet.

7 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

009987   Hariraj G;Somashekar T H (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, BTM Layout, Bangalore 560 068) : Influence of cooking and adjustment treatments on reeling and quality characteristics of raw silk. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 207-17.

The hot air dried Indian multi-bivoltine cocoons (PM x NB4D2 race) treated at different cooking temperatures, cooking durations and adjustment temperature profiles in pan system of cooking have been found to have significant influence on reeling characteristics, viz. groping end efficiency, reelability, raw silk percentage, raw silk recovery percentage, reeling tension, waste generated during reeling, pelade weight generated and degumming loss percentage of silk waste, and on quality characteristics, viz. neatness, cleanness, cohesion and degumming loss percentage of raw silk. However, the complete cooking and reeling do not show significant influence on sericin dissolution during cooking and reeling, tenacity and elongation. The study clearly shows that the complete cooking of cocoons in pan system of cooking using five treatment temperatures effectively softens the sericin uniformly in different layers of the cocoon shell compared to single temperature treatment, thus facilitating the improved reeling performance from hot air dried Indian multi-bivoltine cocoons. The cocoon cooked using the retting temperature of 50<144>C for 1 min, high permeation temperature of 90<144>C for 2 min, low permeation temperature of 60<144>C for 1 min followed by the cooking temperature of 93-95<144>C for 2 min and adjustment temperature of up to 60<144>C yields better reeling performance and quality of raw silk.

9 tables, 26 ref

009986   Gulrajani M L (Dep of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi- 110 016) : Technological innovations in textiles --- A report on the brain storming session. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 260-262.

009985   Fatima Rani S A;Srinivasan K (Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Department of Chemistry, Trichy 620 002) : Studies on cadimum (II) removal by rice-husk carbon from water and industrial waste water. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(7), 506-12.

Activated carbon prepared from rice-husk, an agricultural waste product, by carbonization of rice-husk with sulphuric acid followed by treatment with sodium bicarbonate solution has been used for the adsorption of cadmium (II) from water and wastewater. The adsorption data fit better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The applicability of the Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. Quantitative removal of cadmium (II) was noticed to an extent of 83% and 47% for aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L of cadmium (II) by bicarbonate treated rice-husk carbon (BRHC) and commercial available carbon (CAC) and was observed over a pH range of 4.0-6.0 and 5.0-7.0, respectively. The suitability of BRHC for terating cadmium plating industry waste water was also investigated. Column studies showed capacity of 55.96 mg/g and 1.6 mg/g for BRHC and CAC, respectively under optimum conditions.

6 illus, 8 tables, 22 ref

009984   El-Gendy E H K (National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt) : Modification of polyester fabric via radiation grafting with methaciylic acid. Indian J Fibre Text Res 0000, 29(2), 129-37.

Polyester fabric has been modified by radiation graft copolymerizaion with methacrylic acid (MAA) to improve its hydrophilic, dyeing and thermal properties . It is observed that the efficiency of grafting significantly depends on swelling agent, solvent, monomer concentration and irradiation time. The initial stage of grafting follows first order kinetics at irradiation time t < 41.5 min and the second stage follows 1.7 order kinetics at 41.5-170 min. Overall reaction rate constants of 1.9 x 10^{-5 and 2.87 x10-4 s-1 have been calculated for the samples grafted below and above 41.5 min respectively. The moisture content is found to increase linearly with the increase in graft yield up to 28 while the water uptake is linearly dependent on the logarithm of graft yield. Extremely high colour strength values are obtained when grafted PET samples are dyed in alkaline aqueous solutions at pH 11.5. A linear dependence is observed between the colour strength per graft yield and the logarithm of the pH of Rhodamine B Red and Astrazonrot Violet dye solutions. The dyeability of the fabric towards both the dyes increases suddenly as the graft yield increases to 2.5 followed by a transition up to 7 with a tendency to level off at degree of grafting higher than 10. Thermal stability of irradiated, grafted and dyed samples has also been investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis to observe different degrees of fabric degradation as a result of irradiation, grafting and dyeing.}

11 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

009983   Dhamija S;Sambari S;Chattopadhyay R (The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, , Birla Colony, Bhiwani 127 021) : Migratory behaviour of core and sheath fibres in dref-III friction-spun acrylic yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 290-300.

The migratory behaviour of core and sheath fibres in dref-III friction-spun yarns has been studied using the tracer fibre technique. It is observed that the fibre migration in these yarns is restricted to particular zones only, depending on the positionof fibre feed. Core fibres exhibit minimum values of migration parameters. In sheath, the fibres fed nearer to the delivery end show comparatively larger values. The two streams seem to be interlacing in the radial zone of 0.2-0.4. An increase in suction pressure decreases the fibre migration in both core and sheath elements while a decrease in core content initially decreases it, followed by an increase. Further, the variations in yarn tenacity and breaking extension have also been explained in terms of these changes in migration parameters.

12 illus, 6 tables, 23 ref

009982   Dauda B M D;Bandara M P U (Department of Textile Industries, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK) : Effect of loom settings on fabric cover and beat-up force. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 339-42.

The effect of shed geometry and shed timing on 50:50 cotton/vincel fabric cover, especially fabric reedings, has been studied on a shuttle loom and the combination of weaving conditions that gives best cover and least stress on loom and warp yarns determined. It is observed that the shed unbalancing shows improvement in fabric cover. Shed timing, on the other hand, shows variable responses with the so-called `normal' shed timing, resulting in a fabric of lowest reedines and highest pick density. The compromised setting for best fabric cover and least stress on loom was observed at high level of shed unbalancing and normal shed timing.

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

009981   Das A;Ishtiaque S M;Rajesh Kumar (Dep of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Study on drafting force of roving: Part II - Effect of material variables. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 179-83.

The effect of some material variables, namely fibre-to-fibre friction, roving hank and roving twist, on drafting force of roving has been studied. A very good correlation (R^{2 = 0.903) between material variables and drafting force has been obtained. The drafting force increases sharply with the increase in fibre friction and roving twist multiplier due to the rapid increase in mutual coherence among the fibres. The drafting force is less influenced by the change in roving hank, but it decreases initially and then increases as the roving hank becomes finer.}

3 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

009980   Das A;Ishtiaque S M;Rajesh Kumar (Dep of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Study on drafting force of roving: Part I - Effect of process variables. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 173-8.

The effect of process variables, namely draft, drafting speed and roller setting, on drafting force of polyester/viscose (65:35) roving has been studied. A reasonably good correlation (R^{2 = 0.855) between process variables and drafting force has been observed. The drafting force at first increases with the increase in draft but after reaching a maximum value, it declines sharply. The drafting force increases with the increase in drafting speed and the same trend is also observed at lower draft and roller setting. But when the draft and roller setting further increase, initially (the drafting force remains unchanged with the increase in drafting speed and then it declines. The roller setting has been found to be inversely proportional to the drafting force for all the experimental combinations.}

5 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

009979   Das A;Ishtiaque S M;KUmar R (Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Study on drafting force of roving: Part IV-correlation between drafting force, roving strength and yarn quality. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 313-7.

The effect of fibre-to-fibre friction, roving hank and roving twist multiplier, which directly affect the roving drafting force, on the properties of yarn has been studied. A fairly good correlation (R²=0.9001) has been observed between roving strength and drafting force. The yarn tenacity is found to be better correlated with fibre and roving parameters as compared to yarn breaking elongation. Yarn irregularity and total imperfections have very good correlation with the fibre and roving parameters.

4 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

009978   Das A;Ishitaque S M;KUmar R (Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016) : Study on drafting force of roving: Part III-Effect of process parameters and roving irregularity on drafting force variability. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(3), 308-12.

The effect of draft, drafting speed and roller setting on drafting force variability of 100% cotton roving has been studied for different levels of fibre-to-fibre friction and roving irregularity. It is observed that the drafting force variability increases with the increase in draft, drafting speed and roller setting. The drafting force variability is higher in case of rovings with lower fibre-to-fibre coefficient of friction and higher roving irregularity.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

009977   Chidambaram D;Venkatraj R V (Dep of Textile Technology, , ) : Tensile behaviour of polyester yarns modified by solvent-acid mixture pretreatment process. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2004, 29(2), 163-72.

The tensile behaviour of original and heat-set fine filament and microdenier polyester yarns treated with trichloroacetic acid-chloroform (TCAC) solvent system has been studied. The polyester yarn samples have been treated in a relaxed state with various concentrations of TCAC mixture at room temperature for different durations. It is observed that the TCAC treatment causes significant changes in strength and elongation behaviour of original fine filament and microdenier polyester yarns. The solvent-treated yarns exhibit higher breaking elongation, improved work of rupture and lower tenacity. The improvement in elongation and work of rupture is found to be less in the case of heat-set polyester yams due to the subsequent TCAC treatment The influence of treatment time and heat setting temperature on strength, elongation, yield behaviour and work of rupture of TCAC-treated yarns has also been investigated.

10 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref