015415   Rathod A;Kolhatkar A (NO, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yavatmal) : Physical characteristics of bamboo and blended fabric. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(6), 201-4.

Bamboo was traditionally used for making variety of household goods such as furniture, sporting goods, handbags, flooring, cutting board etc. Nowadays, due to developments in manufacturing processes, it possible to produced fibre from bamboo stem, which has remarkable properties for its use in yarn and fabric. The work being highlighted in this paper focuses on physical characteristics of single jersey & rib fabric produced from bamboo and cotton yarn. In this work yarns of 40^s Ne was produced from bamboo and cotton fibre. It was also observed that bamboo yarn shows better results in case of strength, elongation and hairiness. While in case of other characteristics such as unevenness, coefficient of variation, results of both the samples did not significantly differ. Knitted fabric samples were produced on circular knitting machine. During analysis it was found that, cotton fabric showed higher bursting strength than bamboo fabric, for both single jersey and rib structures.

6 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

015414   Raja A S M;Shakyawar D B;Kumar A;Pareek P K (Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Jaipur) : Effect of canary colouration in the dyeing of wool with acid, metal complex and reactive dyes. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(11), 391-93.

Attempt has been made to dye the canary colour wool with acid, metal complex and reactive dyes to ascertain the effect of canary colour on dyeing and to find the suitable class of dye which will cover the deleterious effect of canary colour. Canary coloured wool yarn and white wool yarn samples were dyed with 1.5% red and blue shades with acid, metal complex and reactive dyes. The ΔL, Δa and Δb values showed that control canary wool yarns are 40% darker, 81% redder and 39% yellower in colour compared to white wool yarns. The ΔL value of dyed samples showed that there was no significant difference between canary wool and white wool samples in both red and blue shades. However, Δa and Δb values showed significant difference among the dyes. Acid dyes were good in covering canary yellowness in red colour shades where as metal complex dyes covered the canary yellowness in blue shades. The reactive dyes covered the canary yellowness in both blue and red shades. The k/s values of dyed samples showed that the dye uptake of canary wool was generally lower compared to white wool. Subjective evaluation dyed samples showed that acid dyes and reactive dyes produced bright colours on canary coloured wool compare to metal complex dyes. The fastness properties of dyed samples showed that reactive dyes dyed shades were fast in colour compared to acid dyes.

2 tables, 2 ref

015413   Raj Sachin (G.I.C.I.A., Environment Certification Services, C-103, Sector-44, Noida-201 301) : Visionary approach for the paper manufacturers in India. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 105-6.

015412   Raghuveer S (NO, ITC Ltd.-PSPD, Unit: Bhadrachalam, Via. Sarapaka-507 128) : Commitment to sustainable and inclusive growth. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 87-9.

The growing global population, demographic shifts, climate change and increasing pressure on natural resources have all brought sustainability to the top of the political, social and business agenda. New regulations have also put a price on commodities and services-like water, air and waste disposal-that were previously inexpensive or free. Reporting on social and environmental issues has become more important than ever, as consumers, investors and other stakeholders demand greater transparency about all aspects of doing business today. Sustainability presents both major challenges and tremendous opportunities for businesses. Many companies have realised that by investing in energy-efficiency measures, responding to changing consumer buying patterns and ensuring sustainable business practices in their supply chains, they can operate more efficiently and create value in new ways. At a very basic level, sustainable industrial development means doing more with less-increasing the Eco-efficiency of industrial production. A major way of accomplishing this in paper industry is through cleaner production. Cleaner production is the development of "CLEANER" industrial processes and products, which reduce their impact on environment, while not compromising profitability. In many cases, cleaner production practices save the industry money. Cleaner production means Adoption of Best Available Technology and Best Management Practices with more Environmental friendly process. ITC-PSPD, Unit: Bhadrachalam is one such paper board industry, which follows and works for sustainability.

7 ref

015411   Raghavan K;Mudigonda D;Das Gupta S (NO, , "Krishnan Complex" 4th Floor, 46 Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Road, T.Nagar, Chennai (TN)-600 017) : Technologies that promote economic growth within the bounds of pollution control and GHG reduction for Indian pulp and paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 157-162.

With GDP growth for India projected to be 7%-9% annually for the next several years, the demand for growth in every sector including the Indian pulp and paper is inevitable. However, with ever increasing demand on pollution controls, the paper industry in India has been looking to grow within the bounds on environmental compliance. Gone are the days when Pulp Mills could discard black liquor or spent lime mud into landfills. Another looming environmental aspect is the generation of green house gases (GHG) in the manufacturing process. The Copenhagen summit in 2009 has put the focus on green house gases or GHG, and has asked all nations to curb its emissions of these gases especially CO₂, Methane andNO_X. In this paper we examine technologies that address all these aspects - increased pulp production, stringent environment regulations on black liquor and lime mud as well as GHG mitigation. Some of these technologies were developed for large pulp mills and for virgin wood pulping, and cannot be directly adopted for Indian industry where the capacities are much smaller and the feed stock is varied (Bagasse, wheat & rice straw, etc). Along with technology discussions, we would be illustrating the impact using complex computer models and simulations of these systems that compute mass, heat and chemical balances along with return of investment or ROI impacts. Our aim is to highlight the process changes and improved technology that Indian paper industry could adopt to address the need for increased pulp production within the bounds of environmental compliance and reduced GHG emissions, and yet do all of this in an economic fashion that benefits both the industry and environment.

6 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

015410   Prince P A (Apparel Technology Dep, S.S.M. Institute of Textile Technology & Polytechnic College, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu) : Dyeing of textiles in super critical form. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(5), 167-74.

The environmental pollution problems have driven impetus in developing the novel concepts in wet processing using supercritical fluid. This novel concept is used for dyeing of synthetic fibers and natural fibers, since, some supercritical fluids are inexpensive, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, chemically inert under many conditions and easily available that can be utilized in textile wet processing at supercritical stage. In SC dyeing process, there is no salt and auxiliaries required hence, the cost of the effluent treatment drastically reduced. One of the supercritical fluids, which can be used, is carbon dioxide (CO₂). Supercritical CO₂ SC-CO₂ is a clean and versatile solvent and a promising alternative to noxious organic solvents and Chlorofluorocarbons. It has attracted particular attention as a supercritical fluid in the synthesis as well as processing areas. Color fastness of fibers dyed in supercritical CO₂ is similar to fibers dyed in water. Due to the low viscosity of SC-CO₂, dissolved dyes readily penetrate into pores and capillaries of fibers more easily as compared to others SCFs (Supercritical fluids). The diffusion coefficient of dye molecules in SC-CO₂ is greater than those of liquids and other SCFs which allow faster mass transport and therefore, significant higher dyeing rates result in a short dyeing time. The review of the fundamental properties, the procedure of dyeing and scope of supercritical fluids in textile wet processing is discussed in this paper.

8 illus, 9 tables, 20 ref

015409   Prakash M M;Yodha R;Gaherwal S (Biotechnology Dep, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Distillery effluent induced changes in BOD and COD of Narmada river water at Khedighat, Barwaha, Madhya Pradesh. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2010, 9(3), 631-2.

Present paper describes BOD and COD value of Narmada river at Khedighat, Barwaha (M.P.). Both the parameters were studied at three study point (A, B, C). BOD and COD were higher in study point B and C in comparison to study point A. However, both the studied parameter were within permission limits and thus not causing any serious threat to River Narmada.

^ssc1 table, 11 ref

015408   Pillai P (NO, R.K. Institute of Management and Computer Science, Sarjapura Road, Bangalore-560 103) : Biosorption study of textile, dye and printing industry effluent using natural biological adsorbents. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2010, 9(4), 675-82.

Study was conducted to treat the textile, dye and printing industry effluent using natural occurring biological adsorbents (Areca catechu, Moringa pterygosperma, Quercus infectoria and Tamarindus indica). The treatment was carried out on various concentrations (25%, 50% 75% and 100%) of dye effluent. Highest removal of pollutant was observed at lower effluent concentrations (25% and 50%) as compared to higher effluent concentrations (75% and 100%). The addition of biological adsorbents has brought significant reduction in various parameters of textile, dye and printing industry effluent. The reduction in pollution load may be due to the coagulative and chelative property of Areca catechu, Moringa pterygosperma, Quercus infectoria and Tamarindus indica, which can be used as low cost and safe biological adsorbents for removing toxic substances in textile, dye and printing industry effluent.

5 tables, 34 ref

015407   Paul P;Gon D P;Singla S;Garg T;Bansal D (NO, Panipat institute of Engineering and Technology, Panipat) : Mathematical model to predict air permeability of single jersey knitted fabric. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(7), 238-43.

The paper reports on the mathematical model of air permeability of single jersey knitted structure. A mathematical model has been proposed to predict air permeability of single jersey knitted structure with yarn and machine parameter before producing the fabric. It was observed that predicted value of air permeability was near to the actual value. A very small deviation between the predicted and actual value of air permeability is observed though. The reason for these small deviations between actual and predicted values of air permeability may be due to the assumptions made for simplification. It has been observed that air permeability increases as the yarn count in indirect system increases and as the machine gauge increases air permeability of the fabric decreases.

7 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

015406   Patwardhan B;Jain H (Post Graduate Research and Studies Dep, S.N.D.T. Univ, Mumbai) : Development of different woven designs for furnishing fabrics on handloom and status of the product in the market. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(10), 345-50.

Study was conducted to develop woven design fabrics for furnishing using silk, linen, cotton, tencel and their combination and to see their acceptability and marketability by interviewing consumers and furnishing outlets in Mumbai. To conduct this research the yarns were doubled to add bulk to the yarn and to make the woven design prominent. Part of yarn was doubled using 'Z' twist and parts of yarns were doubled using 'S' twist. Development of woven designs was carried out on graph paper and weaving was done at Bhiwandi. A catalogue was prepared of the woven designed samples and shown to 100 consumers and 11 exclusive furnishing outlets for their feedback regarding the acceptability and marketability of the samples in domestic as well as international market. The outcome of the study reveals that linen grey yarn is the strongest yarn and hence suitable for weaving furnishing fabrics on handloom. Tencel is the excellent fabrics for furnishing, but aesthetic point of view linen suitable for furnishing, but dry cleaning is required. The consumer's feedback revealed that these woven designed sample would be used for home furnishings and suitable for regular use. According to the furnishing outlets these woven designs created will have tremendous scope and demand in global market due to its exclusive designs and use of new different yarn combination.

4 illus, 15 tables, 19 ref

015405   Ovhal S D;Thakur P (Chemistry Dep, Pune Univ, Ganeshkhind, Pune) : Kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in a TiO₂ slurry reactor. Res J Chem Envir 2010, 14(4), 9-13.

Textile industry effluents contain large number of dyes. Dyes are found to be toxic and considered to be resistant to biodegradation. Methylene blue (MB) is a representative of a class of dyestuffs resistant to biodegradation. In this work a detailed and systematic investigation of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of MB in aqueous TiO₂ suspension is presented using 8W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp with a focus to study the effect of various experimental parameters such as initial concentration of MB, concentration of TiO₂ as well as addition of electron scavenger H₂O₂ to obtain complete degradation and decolorization of MB. Degradation was found to increase in the order UV+TiO₂+H₂O₂ <62> UV+TiO₂ <62> UV+H₂O₂ <62> UV. The photodegradation of MB was monitored spectropho-tometrically by estimating molar concentration changes of MB according to the Beer-Lambert's law. The rate constants for this heterogeneous photocatalysis were evaluated as a function of concentration of MB, H₂O₂ and TiO₂. A pseudo-first order kinetic has been used to describe the results.

6 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

015404   Nishkam A;lokesh S (NO, Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur) : Mathematical models of yarns. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(5), 160-6.

Paper envisages various Mathematical model of spinning pertaining to ring spinning and DREF spinning.

2 illus, 20 ref

015403   Nath G;Tripathy D K;Panigrahi J C;Harichandan A K (NO, Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Jaykaypur-765 017) : Review on technological advancement in waste paper recycling: a simple laboratory method to evaluate ONP and mixed office waste by floatation de-inking. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 113-21.

Technological advancement in recycling of waste paper, the processes and equipment used for deinking operation has been described. An effort has been made to discuss in brief the relative advantages of using recycled paper, effect of process variables, chemistry involved in de-inking chemicals relative to process and types of inks used. A simple laboratory method for the evaluation of de-inking efficiency of two commercially available surfactants on old news print (ONP) and mixed office waste with old magazines (PAMPS) has been discussed. Conventional alkaline pulping, floatation and washing followed by oxidative bleach (H₂ O₂ ) and reductive bleach (NaHSO₃ ) sequence were used for the study. The efficiency of de-inking has been evaluated in terms of brightness, de-inking factor, dirt area, number of ink particles and strength index after each stage. While the performance of the surfactant 2 was found to be better in both furnishes than the surfactant 1, but the dirt removal efficiency was lower in PAMPS. The behavior of ink particles also differs. However, the strength properties were not affected by the process. Surfactants improve the cationic demand and drainage time of pulp.

3 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

015402   Nagaraj C R;Arun Kumar K S;Srinivasa G;Achuth L (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Central Silk Board, Bangalore) : Relationship between price and quality of raw silk in Karnataka. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(6), 205-7.

There is a need for increasing quality raw silk production to meet the requirements of powerloom sector and tap the international raw silk market. The interventions made by the government to improve raw silk quality has not made major impact, the important reason could be the prevailing raw silk price levels. The present study was planned to understand the association between raw silk prices and quality. The study indicated that quality parameters of raw silk do not play a significant role in determining the prices. Hence, it is suggested to follow quality linked pricing to encourage quality silk production.

2 tables, 12 ref

015401   Mukhopadhyay A;Neogi S K (NO, Institute of Jute Technology, Kolkata) : Fabric assistance of jute fabric with different counts and setts of weft yarn. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(12), 425-28.

Fabric assistance indicates the rise in breaking strength of the constituent threads of a fabric as a result of interlacement. Although this is an important parameter for jute fabric, which is primarily used for industrial application, scanty knowledge on this has incited undertaking a study to examine the effects of count and pick density of the weft yarns on warp and weft way fabric assistance of plain jute fabrics. While the weft way fabric assistance has always been found to be positive, the warp way fabric assistance is positive when the warp way strengths of the fabrics are compared against the strength of the constituent warp yarns after removing the weft yarns from the woven structure.

5 tables, 10 ref

015400   Mani K;Sivakkumar V (NO, SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam) : Chemical protective clothing. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(6), 189-94.

Protective clothing is essential wherever an individual requires protection from chemical, wind, sunlight, dust, etc. Chemical protection clothing includes items such as hard hats, gloves, boots, a chemical protective suit, and respirators. The paper describes about the various types of chemical protective clothing.

15 ref

015399   Maheswari H K;Rao Bhaskar A;Nair M B S (NO, Emami Paper Mills Ltd., Balgopalpur, P.O. Rasulpur, Dist-Balasore-756 020) : Preparedness of Indian industry for the decade-steps taken at Emami. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 167-74.

10 tables, 8 ref

015398   Mahadevaiah B M;Hiremath S A;Patil B G;Venu S T;Roy S (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Bangalore) : Factors influencing quality of fine denier silk. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(12), 429-32.

Fine denier raw silk of 10/12, 12/14 and 14/16 denier was investigated for quality parameters at different reeling speed for multivoltine cocoons. The results shows that there is decrease in reelability for all the deniers and subsequently there is increase in silk waste (%). It has been found from the statistical analysis by using Z-score method that optimum quality of 10/12, 12/14 and 14/16 denier silk for multivoltine variety can be achieved at 220 rpm, 220 rpm and 200 rpm speed respectively considering tenacity, elongation, cohesion, neatness and cleanness parameters.

6 tables, 9 ref

015397   Larry H (NO, Nalco Company, 18, Waterfront Place, 168 Daduhe Road, Shanghai-200 062, P.R. China) : Sustainable solutions to secondary fiber related runnability problems on modern paper & board machines. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 101-5.

015396   Koshle V K;Bhardwaj N K;Mishra N C (NO, Orient Paper Mill, P.O. Amlai Dist-Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh) : Deinkability factors of old newsprints by using different surfactants and process variables. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 127-32.

Effects of chemical dosages and flotation time, on Deinkability Factor based on ISO Brightness and ERIC Value in V the flotation deinking of old newsprints (Hindustan Times) have been studied using fatty acids and surfactants namely oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and triton x 100. From the experimental results, it is shown that 10 minutes flotation time is sufficient for ink removal. It appears that beyond 10 minutes flotation time the removal of ink is not significant. The optimum chemical dosage for oleic, palmitic and triton x 100 is 1.2% and optimum chemical dosage for stearic acid is 1.0%. The rpm of rotor of flotation cell or indirectly the air flow rate should be maximum to have maximum flotation efficiency. It is found that 2000 rpm gives maximum flotation efficiency. Consistency of flotation should be 1% to have great probability of ink particles attachment due to their high concentration. From the experimental data it is observed that Deinkability Factor increases with increase in chemical dosages up to the optimum condition. Beyond the optimum chemical dosage the agglomerate size increases to a limit, where the ink agglomerates remain back in the system, leading to lower Deinkability Factor.

8 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

015395   Karthikeyan S;Babu Rajendran A (Chemistry Dep, Chikkanna government Arts College, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu) : Adsorption of basic dye (rhodamine b) by a low cost activated carbon from agricultural solid waste:Leucaena leucocephala seed shell waste. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2010, 9(3), 461-472.

The adsorption of Rhodamine B (Basic dye) on Leucaena leucocephala seed shell waste carbon was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent for the processing of dyeing industry wastewater. The influence of various factors such as initial dye concentration, agitation time and temperature on the adsorption capacity has been studied. The percentage removal of dye is observed to decrease with the increase in initial dye concentration. With increase in temperature the adsorption of dye also increases, indicating endothermic nature of the reaction. Adsorption isothermal data could be interpreted by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Kinetic data have been studied using Elovich and Pseudo-second order equations for understanding the reaction mechanism.

8 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

015394   Jukka H;Goyal M;Aho T;Jain N K (NO, , 1st Floor, DLF Bldg No. 10, Tower-A, DLF-Phase-II, Cyber Green City, Gurgaon-122 002) : State-of-the-art deinking separation process for maximum yield. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 141-5.

Papermaking line is an integrated system where the success of subsystems following each other, depends on success of previous stages. In the beginning of whole integrated paper making line the paper making potential of furnish is generated or "recovered" in the case of recycled fiber. "Recovering" means separation of impurities from the valuable fiber and mineral material and refreshing the properties of fiber material by mechanical and chemical means. Impurities in waste paper are complex mixture of compounds where composition and share of impurities varies uncontrolled way. Impurities can be "classified" according following: heavy coarse particles, plastics, smaller heavy particles, ink, dirt specks and stickies. Deinking process is relative complex system, where each deinking unit process has a specific task in separation of impurities and cleaning of the pulp. In this paper deinking concept and system performance is approached from impurities, i.e. rejects point of view. Performance of deinking line unit processes and the cost of their operation are discussed.

7 illus, 2 tables

015393   Joshi J;Gahlot M (NO, G.B. Pant Agriculture & Technology Univ, Pantnagar) : Advances in clothing physiology. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(7), 228-32.

The rapid spread of satellite television is globalizing the vision of the healthy lifestyle and spreading knowledge of sports and leisure wears from country to country. Due to this consumers are becoming more and more conscious for the comfort of the garment that they are wearing. As a result new fibres and fabrics are emerging out for satisfying the stringent needs. Although the commodity fibre market is stagnant but value-added speciality markets provide a competitive edge for the fibre/apparel industries. Specialty products have always kept a steady and substantial market since their introduction in the latter 20th century. The paper reviews advances in clothing physiology, various developments in fibres and fabrics along with their constitutional elements and special characteristics.

5 ref

015392   Joshi A S;Sharma K;Wagh D;Pareek D (NO, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology & Science, Baroli, Indore) : Development of E-health monitoring garment. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(8), 279-85.

SMART fabrics and interactive textiles are conceived as innovative textile structure integrating sensing, actuation, electronic, and power and/or communication functions. Due to their multifunctional interactivity, enabled by wearable devices that are flexible and comfortable to the human body, e-textiles are considered relevant promoters of a higher quality of life and progress in biomedicine, as well as in several health-focused disciplines, such as bio monitoring, rehabilitation, telemedicine, teleassistance, ergonomics and sport medicine. New promising research recently emerged from the miniaturization of electronics and informatics (computers, micro sensors, signal processing, transmissions, etc.), making possible the integration of multiple, smart functions into textiles, free from any impediment. An attempt has been made to prepare a cloth which could be comfortably worn and is efficient to incorporate different circuits as per requirement.

5 illus, 12 ref

015391   Jayalakshmi I;Dinesh B (NO, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore) : Antimicrobial and mechanical activity of eupatorium dye on tencel and tencel-viscose fabrics. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(8), 264-72.

The Tencel and Tencel-Viscose fabrics was dyed with the selected Eupatorium natural dye with different types of mordants and were analysed for its mechanical property and antimicrobial activity present. The antimicrobial activity in the eupatorium dyed Tencel and Tencel-Viscose fabrics were found to control microrganisms and deterioration in textile material. Effective levels of such technology have sustained textile for future.

10 tables, 10 ref

015390   Jain S;Srivastava B;Choudhury B;Nair M B S (NO, Emami Paper Mills Ltd., Balgopalpur P.O. Rasulpur, Dist.-Balasore-756 020) : Case study of moisture improvement and its optimisation in high speed paper machine. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 159-67.

PM-3 machine was originally designed for 1067 mpm speed at pope and it was modified in house and achieved the average speed of 1100 mpm on design speed with average 8% moisture content in finished newsprint. The machine is being operated at more than 104% efficiency. Recently we incurred heavy loss due to reduction in average moisture up to 6% in final paper due to carry over of moisture by paper after press nip. To ascertain the reasons of higher moisture peaks in finished paper, scan pro measurements of press clothing were also taken. After changing the defective press felts i.e. pickup and 3rd press felts, we were able to achieve the previous average moisture 8%.

3 ref

015389   Hussain A;Jahan S (NO, G.B. Pant Agriculture & Technology Univ, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : Antibacterial activity of cotton fabric dyed with coreopsis species flowers dye. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(10), 367-71.

Cotton fabric has been dyed with dye extracted from Coreopsis spp. flowers in combination with different natural and metallic mordants using different methods of mordanting and then tested for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli). Coreopsis flowers dye shows good activity having 63.13% reduction against S. aureus and 73.97% reduction against E.coli. The bacterial per cent reduction increase up to 99% in some cases when mordants were used. The activity retention of antibacterial activity after single laundering was above 48% against S. aureus and 60% against E.coli. Coreopsis is a viable source to dye cotton fabric as well as an alternative to synthetic antibacterial agents for use in textiles which were used for making apparel and house hold for elderly, infants and infirm.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

015388   Hegde M G;Kauvery Bai S;Vijayeendra M K (NO, Smt V.H.D Central Instiutute of Home Science, Bangalore) : Application of garcinia indica fruit extract as a mordant for dyeing of organic cotton fabrics for commercial natural colours. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(6), 195-200.

The Garcinia indica plant is commonly called as "kokum" plant Garcinia indica fruit shell which has distinct medicinal properties is available as a industrial by product which is utilized as a mordant for commercial natural colours. Synthetic mordant's gives a deteriorating effect on the fibres, so there is necessity for use of bio mordant's. The organic cotton production is a system of growing cotton without synthetic chemical fertilizers, herbicides, conventional synthetic insecticides, growth regulators, growth simulators and ball openers. In the present works simultaneous mordanting technique was followed for dyeing the organic cotton fabric with selected 14 commercial natural colours. Mordanting of organic woven cotton fabric was carried for commercial natural colours. Mordanting of natural colours with Garcinia indica fruit extract provides wide scope for waste fruit shell and improves the fastness property of the dyed fabric.

3 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

015387   Hannu P;Petteri H;Pentti R;Hannu T (Metso, Paper Business Line, Finland) : Tangible rebuild and upgrade solutions for improved quality, output and resource-efficiency. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 123-30.

In India, the paper industry has grown an average of 6 to 7 per cent over the last few years. India is the fastest growing market for paper globally and paper consumption is expected to follow the rate of the economic growth. The paper sector in India is dominated by small and medium size units. There is a growing need to modernize Indian mills, improve productivity and build new facilities. This paper present tangible solutions for boosting up productivity. These solutions comprise modern technology that has proven its capability in numerous references by means of improved production output, higher end product quality and better resource and energy efficiency.

23 illus, ref

015386   Gudhka M P;Pal S;Khan T;Akhtar M (NO, DKTE's Textile Engineering Institute, Icchalkaranji) : Bamboo charcoal fibre. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(7), 249-51.

Bamboo charcoal has properties very different from the bamboo plant, especially its high density and porous structure. Bamboo charcoal has high mineral contents such as potassium, calcium, iron, and sodium. And for so many years, people especially in Japan uses bamboo charcoal for many purposes, from households, kitchen tools, and medicines. This paper deals with manufacturing of Bamboo Charcoal fibre and its end use in the textile industry.

6 ref

015385   Goud V S;Honade S P;Bardhan M K;Rao T R (NO, Wool Research Association, P.O. Sandoz Baug, Kolshet Road, Thane (W)) : Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on wool scouring. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(11), 385-90.

Role of ultrasound was studied in the scouring process and the results were evaluated in terms of grease, other fatty matter and suint removal efficiency by Soxhlet extraction method. Three types of raw wool fibres viz. fine, medium and coarser grade wool were scoured with and without ultrasound. The results indicate that if all the parameters of scouring recipe are kept same, the fat and suint removal efficiency gets doubled in presence of ultrasound. It was also found that ultrasonic scouring can be done at lower temperature and chemical concentration.

4 illus, 13 tables, 18 ref

015384   Gotmare V D;Upadhyay S P (Textile Manufacturers Dep, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai) : Advance textile materials in healthcare application. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(11), 395-400.

Current trend in textiles is to move away from traditional uses and seek for increased complexity and 'intelligence' in terms of applications, so as to include them in the group of advanced materials, along with metal, ceramics, and polymers. Intensive research is in progress, following a multi-directed scheme where two key sectors can be distinguished textiles structures and functionality. With rapid development of science and technology, multi-disciplinary crossing and amalgamation gives birth to new research interests in textile research field. Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology is one of the most important parts of the global textile research field. The extent of this growth is due to constant improvements in both textile technology and medical procedures. Among the various advancements taking place in the increasing use of biopolymers in the production of various biocompatible products, etc. is an area of great interest. The ecological aspects of health care products and ecofriendly textile fiber & finishes play a vital role in the advance textile materials.

39 ref

015383   Goswami P;Chaudhary B;Nair M B S (NO, Emami Paper Mills Ltd., Balgopal, P.O. Rasulpur, Dist.-Balasore-750 020) : Case study of in house repairing the soft rubber covering of swimming roll soft-nip calender stack. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 155-7.

Emami Paper Mills Limited is one of the largest waste paper based paper mills in India with a high speed paper machine operating at 1100 MPM (average speed) Emami paper is the only newsprint machine in India having Back to Back softnip calendar stack to deliver the world class quality newsprint to the customers. This softnip calander was originally designed by Voith Sulzer and Emami has got it refurbished with Gapcon Germany and also have done the covering of TITAN HT (Composite Type) of Stowe Woodward, which is highly suitable covering impervious to barring. Recently in an incident, the Titan HT covering (Composite type) of the swimming roll at 2nd stack got damaged and the same was repaired with in-house technique and till date the swimming roll is running with out any failure. Gapcon gmbh Germany has recommended the recovering of the swimming roll with of Euro 43,000 plus transportation etc. Finally Emami paper mill has decided to repair the roll in-house and succeeded to save an appreciable amount and set a new bench mark.

015382   Gokarneshan N;Gopalakrishnan P;Sudha B (NO, NIFT TEA College of Knitwear Fashion, Tirupur) : Comparative study of the geometrical properties of knit fabrics produced from soyabean and cotton fibres. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(8), 286-90.

Ecofriendly fibres have found a place to meet the modern day demands. In this context, soyabean fibres are found to be suitable, particularly with regard to cost aspects. This paper evaluates the geometrical properties of soya bean knit fabrics. The properties compare well in some aspects with those of cotton knits. The properties considered are such as course per inch, wales per inch and knitting constants.

8 ref

015381   Gokarneshan N;Gopalakrishnan P P;Sudha B (NO, NIFT TEA College of knitwear fashion, Tirupur) : Comparative study of the geometrical properties of knit fabrics produced from soyabean and cotton fibres. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(6), 208-12.

Ecofriendly fibres have found a place to meet the modern day demands. In this context, soyabean fibres are found to be suitable, particularly with regard to cost aspects. This paper evaluates the geometrical properties of soya bean knit fabrics. The properties compare well in some aspects with those of cotton knits. The properties considered are course per inch, wales per inch and knitting constants. The courses per inch increase in cotton whereas it decreases in soya. GSM values are more significant in cotton than soya. The geometrical values such as CPI, WPI, Stitch Density and GSM are higher for Cotton than Soya bean fabric in almost in all the three states. Knit constants Kc, Kw and Ks values are more for Cotton than Soya bean fabrics whereas loop shape factor R is more for Soya bean in greay state and almost the same for both fabrics in dyed and compact states.

9 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref

015380   Fashola K O;Onemano G O (Textile Science and Technology Dep, Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria) : Physico-mechanical properties of some locally manufactured polyester textured yarns. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(12), 439-42.

Physical and mechanical properties of some locally manufactured polyester textured yarns (with different linear densities) have been investigated. Properties studied include: linear density, moisture regain, bulk ratio, crimp contraction, stretch and recovery potential. Tensile properties such as tenacity, breaking extension, specific work of rupture and initial Young's modulus were also investigated at five different gauge lengths using the Instron tensile tester. The results obtained show that tenacity, breaking extension and work of rupture decrease with increasing gauge length. This is attributable to the 'weak-link' effect. The tensile properties with the exception of breaking extension also increased with increasing linear density. The breaking extension decreased with increasing linear density.

4 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

015379   Dixit A K;Thakur Vasanta V;Jain R K;Mathur R M (NO, Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Paper Mill Road, Near Himmat Nagar Saharanpur-247 001) : Efficient depithing of bagasse-a step towards sustained availability of raw material for paper industry to produce high quality paper. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 163-66.

Scarce availability of forest based raw material has forced the Indian Paper Industry to look out for alternate fibrous resources for making paper. Out of the total 715 number of paper mills in India nearly 165 number of mills are based on agro residue as primary source of raw material mainly bagasse and straws. Till recently the bagasse generated in a sugar mill was mainly utilized as fuel for generation of steam and power by sugar mill itself and only a small portion was available for other uses mainly papermaking. With the advent of new generation boiler and bagasse drying technologies, the utilization of bagasse as a source of energy has been reduced in sugar mill thereby making more quantity of bagasse available for cogeneration and/or papermaking. One of the major impediment in utilization of bagasse in papermaking is the presence of higher percentage of pith (of 35-40%) along with fibre. Pith being non fibrous in nature and rich in juice, contributes to various problems during papermaking like requirement of high cooking chemicals, increased foam, inferior quality of pulp and poor black liquor properties. In order to make quality paper from bagasse efficient removal of pith is a prerequisite. Conventional depithing methods including dry depithing followed by wet cleaning result in removal of only 50% of the pith associated with bagasse thereby resulting around 15% pith in depithed bagasse. With the efficient depithing process developed byCentral Pulp & Paper Research Institute (CPPRI) achieving a depithing efficiency more than 75% resulting in a depithed bagasse having 5-7% residual pith content, it has been possible to produce high quality pulp suitable for high grade paper with excellent optical and strength properties alongwith improved properties of black liquor. The present paper highlights the results of the pilot plant trials carried out at CPPRI on depithing of bagasse and producing high quality pulp from this efficiently depithed bagasse thereby providing a sustainable source of alternate raw material for quality papermaking while meeting the energy requirement of the sugar mill.

1 illus, 8 tables, 4 ref

015378   Choudhuri P K;Majumdar P K;Sarkar B (NO, Visva Bharati Univ, Silpa Sadana, Sriniketan) : Manufacturing of eri silk yarn. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(10), 359-61.

Among the four varieties of silk available in India, Eri silk being the discontinuous filaments possesses some unique properties which attracted many researchers to evolve some suitable spinning systems to be converted into yarn. This has resulted in some published research work related to spinning of Eri silk & its blends and characterization of the yarn produced. An attempt has been made to review those studies.

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015377   Chinnaraj S;Rajesh K S;Karunanithi P;Baskaran N;Subrahmanyam S V (NO, Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Paper Ltd., Kagithapuram-639 136) : Water and wastewater management at TNPL. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 151-6.

Tamilnadu Newsprint and Papers Limited (TNPL) is India's largest bagasse based Integrated Pulp and Paper mill, having an installed capacity of 245,000 TPY Printing & Writing paper and poised to enhance its capacity to 4,00, 000 TPY by middle of Year 2010. It used to consume about 70,000 m³/day water and discharging 55,000 m³/day wastewater where 15,000 m³/day being accounted for evaporation losses. The mill has decided to go for major water saving program along with pollution load reduction. Mill has implemented Superbatch^TMpulping in 300 TPD Hardwood Street and modern ECF bleach operations capacities of 300 TPD hardwood and 550 TPD of bagasse pulp streets. TNPL has implemented recycling of Paper Machine Effluent after clarification, close looping Eop filtrate in hardwood fiberline operations, recycling pump sealing water and gland cooling water etc. All the above measures resulted in conserving the fresh water by 30, 000 m³/Day and brought the specific water consumption to 51 m³/Ton of Paper during December 2009 with concomitant reduction of 40% pollution load (Phase I). TNPL has drawn ambitious ZLD program to be implemented in 3 phases by 2012. Phase II includes brown loop closure in bagasse pulping operations, close looping the water circuits in gland cooling and pump sealing waters, and implementing ZLD for SRP and Energy islands. The Phase III targets at treating the acidic bleach filtrate using physico-chemical-biological pretreatment followed by membrane separation and recovering 90% of water. The sludge generated in this operation will enter appropriate stage in lime sludge cycle and filtrate to be treated with membrane process to segregate the sulphates and chlorides. The sulphates will be sent to chemical recovery and dilute brine water to be concentrated to marketable level. The evaporator condensate is proposed to be segregated into higher and lower contaminated streams and less contaminated stream to be used as DM water after desirable treatment and highly contaminated stream to be used in SRP operations. After Phase III, it is envisaged to control the treated effluent discharge level to less than 15,000 m³/day having inorganic TDS less than 1200 ppm, hence can be reused appropriately.

11 tables, ref

015376   Chatterjee K N;Kavita D D (NO, Technological Institute of Textile & Science, Bhiwani) : Study of handle and comfort properties of poly-khadi, handloom and powerloom fabrics. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(10), 351-58.

Khadi is more comfortable than corresponding handloom and power loom fabrics. The handle properties of the khadi fabrics are enhanced by imparting softener finish on the fabric. For the study, the fabric samples were prepared by using 100% cotton fiber belonging to three different groups. First group was of Khadi fabric which is a hand-woven fabric using handspun yarns as weft. Second group was of handloom fabric which is hand-woven fabric using mill-made polyester-cotton yarns. The third group was of power loom fabric made on power loom by using mill-made polyester-cotton yarns and the properties such as bending length, flexural rigidity, crease recovery, air permeability, wickability etc. were measured. Air-permeability values found to be higher for the fabrics made of khadi yarns followed by handloom and powerloom fabrics. Khadi fabrics showed lower bending length values followed by handloom and powerloom fabrics. After softener treatment, khadi fabrics showed reduced air-permeability values. Similar trend was observed for water vapour permeability, bending length and wickability values. The values further decreased with increase in softener concentration. Thermal resistance and crease recovery values increased with increase in concentration of softener.

24 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

015375   Bhati B;Srivastva M (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Un, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Development of bonded fabric using non-biodegradable waste for developing consumer products. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(5), 155-9.

Plastic wastes present formidable problems as they are not biodegradable, are bulky, can resist incineration and this create environmental disasters. The study was carried development of monded fabric using non-biodegradable waste for developing consumer products. Finding of the study revealed that developed bonded fabrics of 200-300 GSM was suitable for the development of consumer products requiring more thickness, stiffness and bursting strength. On the other hand, the developed bonded fabrics of 100-200 GSM was found more suitable for developing consumer products of general use on account of less stiffness and other related properties. Majority of the respondents appreciated developed value added consumer products.

5 tables, 5 ref

015374   Basu B (NO, Anuradha Engineering College, Chikhli) : Composite textile and marketing strategy. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(9), 319-26.

Composite Textile is gradually capturing market globally for its own advantage and in the areas of development. Side by side, emphases are rendered for environment friendship, specifications and physical properties. The areas being very much specific oriented the customers are too choosy in accepting a product. Hence at every stage proper productionplanning is required. For the growing demand although within a limited spare, the marketing and its conception is becoming more sophisticated and competitive. There are technical bottle necks to cope up with highly competitive market otherwise the producers will face tremendous challenge. The products are in varieties to satisfy the need of the sophisticated and high profile customers. Every product is having special criteria, application, structural feature which are to be understood item wise and accordingly marketing planning be organized. The paper discusses various marketing aspects and their difficulties with range of products and their required specifications.

6 ref

015373   Bansal Mukesh C;Tyagi C H;Rajesh Kumar (Paper Technology Dep, IITR, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-247 001) : Microbial slime monitoring and control practices in hard wood based paper mill. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 117-21.

The latest trends in the paper industry are towards manufacturing by a neutral or alkaline process, greater consumption of secondary fibers and the closing-up of the process water systems. Paper machine systems usually support significant growth of micro-organisms due to congenial and favorable conditions persisting during the manufacture of paper. The pH, elevated temperatures, high nutrient levels and increased reuse of process water makes a paper mill system a perfect breeding ground for microorganisms. The major in-mill microbiological problem of the paper industry is "Slime." Microbial deposits that are composed of varied microflora along with fibers, fillers and dirt are the most troublesome. Slime producing microbes secrete extracellular polysaccharides that gum up the process machinery. Uncontrolled microbial growth in the system results in reduced product quality, odors problem, safety issues and lost production. Microbiological control has become a necessary part of continuous paper and board production to ensure trouble free running of the paper machine without slime induced paper breaks and the resultant loss in production. Today, it is necessary to adopt a correct slime control programme. Due to the limited information and facilities available, it is often difficult to choose the right type and dosage of slimicides. Slime growth control techniques being adopted in Indian paper industry are based on the use of chlorophenols and mercury based compounds which are found to be mutagenic or carcinogenic and have a serious environmental impact due to high level of residual toxicity. The studies being carried out are for the microbiological characterization of the biofilms (slime) collected from a hard wood-based paper mill and control of microbial growth is by using identified ecologically compatible and environment friendly slimicides. The killing efficiency of three different Slimicides, (A) 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilo-propionamide, (B) alkali dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and (C) Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Sulphate were analyzed. The killing efficiency of (C) Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Sulphate is the highest among other biocides for the white water systems of paper machines 1,2,3 & 4 but the biocide but (A) 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is of wide spectrum for all types of bacteria and fungi and its killing efficiency is about 100% in most of the cases.

4 illus, 5 tables, ref

015372   Bajpai P K;Bajpai P (Chemical Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Thapar Technology Campus, Patiala-147 004) : Acacia an emerging raw material for pulp. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 107-11.

Acacia mangium is a fast growing and nitrogen-fixing tree with good annual wood yield. It is an excellent source of short fibre for papermaking. Its short and thin walled fibre is suitable to produce low bulk, high opacity and smooth sheet. However, its extractive content is quite high. Now the efficient methods are available to reduce/eliminate the pitch problems associated with high extractives. Acacia species have been studied and used for pulpwood in many countries like Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Indonesia is the largest supplier of Acacia fibre. The interesting properties of Acacia mangium fibres together with its easy adaptation to tropical humid climates suggest that extensive Acacia mangium plantations soon will spread to other regions of the world such as South America, competing seriously with other tropical hardwood fibre sources.

8 tables, 22 ref

015371   Asrari E;Hossein T;Ravanroy Mohammad H (Payame Noor Univ (PNU), Shiraz, 711365-944) : Comparison of decolorization by kaolin zettlitz with common adsorbents in textile wastewater. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2010, 9(3), 581-5.

Removal of reactive dye (RED HE7BI) from textile wastewater effluents using Kaolin is described. Its ability for decolorization has been compared with waste newspaper, carbon active and sawdust. Parameters affecting dye uptake including contact time, reagent dosage and pH are examined. The sorption of dyes increased with increase in pH and reached maximum at 28.12% for 100 mg/L initial concentration at pH 7.0. Adsorbents dosage optimized is 20g for every 50mL of dye solution. As a result Kaolin Zettllitz is a suitable system for treatment of coloured effluent and decolorization of textile wastewater.

4 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

015370   Ammayappan L;Gupta N P (NO, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Jaipur) : Effect of enzymatic pretreatment on physico-chemical and mechanical properties of woolen yarn. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(7), 244-8.

Effect of an enzyme pretreatment on physico-chemical and mechanical properties of woollen yarn made from Indian wool in terms of dye ability, whiteness index and tensile strength is studied based on Box-Benkhen experimental design. Results shown that enzyme pretreated samples gave better properties in respect of whiteness index and dye ability (K/S) than control sample, however the tensile strength of the enzyme treated sample showed decline effect with respect to control sample.

5 tables, 12 ref

014285   Vinothini C;Malathi M (Condensed matter Research Laboratory, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, Email: emailvino@gmail.com) : Effect of bulk/nano ZnO and methyl red dye finishing treatment on the textile materials for protective clothing. Int J Mater Sci 2010, 5(1), 11-16.

The aim of the research was to explore the effect of methyl red dye, bulk/nano ZnO and methyl red dye with bulk/nano ZnO on electrical and thermal property of commercially available textile samples. Nano ZnO was synthesized by polyol method and characte

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

014284   Tarafder N (NO, Textile Consultant, Kolkatta) : Functional textiles-a review. Man Made Text India 2010, 54(2), 400-6.

Biodegradability and Eco-friendly products have a huge potential for international market. Biomedical textile materials and products are engineered to meet specific needs of an application, where biocompatibility is an essential property. The application of micro encapsulation is generally carried out by phase separation technique of encapsulation through pad-dry and pad-dry-cure process. Telemedicine brings medical services directly to the point of need. Utilizing the sense of smell by building a fragrance into a textile or garment can stimulate a powerful and emotive sense. Static Charge control has become a necessity in clean room operations. The applications of nanotechnology to textiles for improving extraordinary functions are flourishing. Enzymes are used in many applications and presently consumers are concerned with the environmental aspects of the products they buy.

^iia22 ref

014283   Shrivastava A N;Koutu B B;Sharma R K (NO, Birla Research Institute for Applied Sciences, Birlagram-Nagda, India) : Anti-bacterial rayon fibre. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(3), 101-3.

Rayon fibres are provided with barriers against microbial activities by incorporating chitin-chitosan an eco-friendly natural product in the viscose. Chitin is treated with strong solution of sodium hydroxide to convert it into chitin-chitosan which is further dissolved in ice water to form a homogeneous solution. This solution is added into the viscose (cellulose xanthate solution) and spun in an alum containing acidic bath to form cellulose fibre containing 0.1 to 5.0% chitin-chitosan. The rayon fibres so obtained have good anti-bacterial characteristics against Staphylococcus Aureus micro organism.

3 tables, 14 ref

014282   Shivaprakash A V;Sheshachala D;Sandeep D N (NO, Govt. S.K.S.J.T. Institute, K.R. Circle, Bangalore) : Production Techniques of 3-D fabric. Man Made Text India 2010, 54(2), 392-6.

With the advancement in weaving machines, some three-dimensional (S-D)woven fabrics have been developed as reinforcements for composite parts. These products are like traditional woven fabrics except that a weave is also introduced in the vertical direction. In making the 3-D woven fabrics, multiple layers of fabric which are woven at the same time in parallel sheets, are simultaneously interlaced with strands of fibers in the perpendicular direction (that is, in the thickness or z-direction). This is like having weft fibres both across the warp and perpendicular to the warp. The result is, therefore, an integrated stack of fabrics that are bound together in a three-dimensional array. This type of weaving allows for shapes other than flat structures. Three-dimensional I-beams, T-stiffened panels, and similar shapes can also be created. These shaped preforms are very useful in preparing composites, where the composite can be made by simply infusing resin into the preforms and then curing.

1 illus, 4 tables, 3 ref