013062   Chhetri R B;Naithani A K;Kathivelu T (NO, ABC Paper Limited, P.O. Saila-Khurd, Hoshiarpur, Punjab) : Evaluation of Heteropogon contortus as an alternate source for pulp & paper making. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(2), 95-97.

Scarcity of raw material continue to be a paramount problem and associated with an unbearable cost burden as well Afforestation programmes which are vital are still very meagre and industry is required to look for agro residue and locally available grasses which have good fibre potential Contrary to this the search for new and prospective sources of fibrous raw materials for making pulp, suitable for printing and writing grade paper is never ending, Heteropogon contortus evaluated for its pulp and paper making properties. Data on chemical constituents, fibre dimensions, unbleached, bleached yield and physical strength properties of pulp sheets were obtained. The unbleached pulp yields under soda pulping process were 47.6 to 48.2% and 22 to 27.2 Kappa No without enzyme and with enzyme Kappa No is 20.6 to 26.0. Laboratory handmade pulp sheets with adequate strength properties were obtained from soda pulp prepared from this plant material.

4 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

013061   Chamberlain D C (NO, , 18 Frensham Walk, Farnham, Common, Bucks, England, SL2 3QG) : Correlating bekk air resistance with Bendtsen air permeability measurements. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(2), 121-25.

The Bekk smoothness tester can be changed to measure air resistance by altering the clamps and boundary pressure conditions. However, this instrument configuration does not correspond to the well known series of ISO standards that cover such measurements. Nevertheless, some companies still use Bekk to measure 'porosity'. This is not a problem until they transmit data to a third party, where the lack of published correlation between Bekk and other standardised equipment means such data are difficult to interpret. This article bridges the gap, providing equations derived from, both theory and experimentation that allow Bekk data to be expressed in terms of Bendtsen air permeability.

3 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

013060   Anayath;Rajendrakumar (NO, Print Media Academy-Heidelerg India Pvt. Ltd., 333, GST Road, Chrompet Chennai-600 044) : Future trends in print media. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(2), 149-151.

3 illus, ref

013059   Alain L;Hugues G;Simon R (NO, , Kadant Lamort 39, Rue Dela, Fontine Ludot, BP 300 46, 51302, Vitry-le-Francois, Cedex) : Review of worlwide packaging stock preparation markets and processes. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(2), 152-158.

Packaging market has to face several challenges: Decrease of Raw material quality, Lower weight in test liner and fluting papers, Higher speed on paper machines, Stock preparation line with capacity up to 2000 TPD. Improvement in pulping technologies, coarse screening, fractionation, cleaning give today possibility to design more compact and more economic systems. This paper is reviewing the raw material as well as all technologies per module, pulping, coarse screening, fractionation, cleaning, fine screening, and is giving development paths for new compact stock preparation designs.

^iia16 illus, 4 tables, ref

013058   Agrawal V;Iqbal S A (Chemistry Dep, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Raisen Road, Bhopal-462 021) : Toxic metal contamination in cotton based paper mill effluent. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(2), 139-42.

Metal analysis of paper mill effluents which are generally using wood and non-wood (bamboo, baggase etc.) as fibrous raw material for paper manufacturing process. This study deals with a paper mill which is using cotton comber and cotton linter as raw material for paper manufacturing process. Effluents generated in the paper mill at different stages were sampled and analyzed. The fibrous sludge samples recovered in different sections of mill were also collected. Heavy metal content of the untreated, treated effluents and the sludge samples were determined in the atomic absorption spectrophotometers. Heavy metal analysis results were interpreted and compared with the permissible limits.

5 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

013057   Adivarekar R V;Dasarwar S (Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (East), Mumbai-400 019, Email: rv.adivarekar@ictmumbai.edu.in) : Flame retardant systems for textiles. J Text Ass 2010, 71(4), 175-82.

Objective is to provide protection from fire and to increase escape time when a fire occurs, methods to enhance the flame retardancy of textile materials have been developed. Flame retardants (FRs) are chemicals added to polymeric materials, both natural and synthetic, to enhance flame-retardant properties. These flame retardants may be physically blended with or chemically bonded to the most polymer. Traditionally, halogenated compounds are used as economic and effective FRs. However, their applications are limited because of concern over the toxic, corrosive, and halogenated gases in their generations. In view of the importance of environment protection, there is a trend to use halogen-free FRs. Phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon-containing compounds are considered as environment-friendly FRs, because their generations bring no harm to ecology when they are burning in a fire. Increasing concerns over the toxicological and environmental consequences of using harmful flame retardants has caused both research scientists and industrialists to consider enhancing the efficiency of presently used flame retardants. This paper presents overview of some of the flame retardant systems used for textiles. The merits and demerits of commercial FR that have been currently used are also reviewed and also discussed the various FR systems used for the different fibres like cotton, polyester, wool and nylon.

3 illus, 24 ref

011923   Tamboli S S;Nilekar S L (Microbiology Dep, MIMSR Medical College, Latur-Maharashtra, Email: microbiopharma@refiffmail.com) : Neonatal septicemia predominant bacterial species and antibiotic resistance. Indian med Gaz 2011, 145(11), 421-4.

A prospective study was undertaken over a period of one year to determine various organisms responsible for neonatal septicemia and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a rural area. 1-2 ml of blood from the clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Agar- Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIA-BHIB). Out of 54 cases, blood culture was positive in 38 (70.37%) cases. Gram negative septicemia was encountered in 32 (84.21%) of these neonates. E. coli (31.57%) was the commonest followed by Pseudomonas (21.05%). Most gram negative isolates were sensitive to Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin. Majority of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and Gentamicin.

2 tables, 21 ref

011922   Sumithra M;Vasugi Raja N (CDF Dep, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: mithrasumi6@rediffmail.com) : Mosquito repellency finishes in blended denim fabrics. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2012, 3(4), 1614-16.

In the study an attempt has been made to approach of developing Mosquito repellency finishes using natural herbs. The three herbal extracts of Ricinus communis, Senna auriculata and Euphorbia herita were applied on four types of Denim fabrics directly by using pad dry cure method. The Mosquito repellency finishes of the finished fabrics was assessed against bacteria that normally exist like Anopheles. To enhance the durability of the finished fabric, wash durability test has been carried out and the results showed good efficiency of finishes even after 30 industrial washes in Denim D fabric when compared to other fabrics.

2 tables, 4 ref

011921   Prakasha T L;Patil M S;Benagi V I (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: chinmayi3@rediffmail.com) : Survey for bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease in parts of Karnataka. Karnataka J agric Sci 2010, 23(4), 658-9.

^ssc2 tables, 10 ref

011920   Maiti R;Narayanan S S;Sen H (Vibha Seeds, Vibha Agrotech Tech, Inspire, High tech City, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: ratikanta.maiti@gmail.com) : Merits and demerits of some raw long fibres in relation to textile quality and utility. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2010, 3(3), 271-4.

13 ref

011919   Byadgi S A;Naik S D (Textiles adn Apparel Designing Dep, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: profshailajanaik@yahoo.co.in) : Automation of hand embroidery motifs into self woven designs. Karnataka J agric Sci 2010, 23(4), 668-72.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

009669   Tyagi G K;Bhattacharya S;Kherdekar G (The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, , Bhiwani-127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Comfort behaviour of woven bamboo-cotton ring and MJS yarn fabrics. 2011, 36(1), 47-52.

The thermal comfort characteristics of light weight bamboo-cotton blended apparel fabrics have been studied in relation to fibre composition, yarn linear density and spinning mode. The experimental results show that a denser fabric has higher thermal insulation, higher absorbency and yields higher air and water vapour permeabilities. The fabrics made from the MIS yarns display considerably higher air and water vapour permeabilities, higher thermal resistance and lower wickability as compared to their ring-spun counterparts. With increasing second jet pressure, the air and water vapour permeabilities improve initially but deteriorate thereafter as the second jet pressure is further raised beyond a particular level. Analysis of the fibre-mix reveals that the 70:30 bamboo-cotton fabrics are relatively less air and water vapour permeable, less thermal r

5 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

009668   Surana M;Mehta P;Mehta R;Kabra B V (Chemistry Dep, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajashthan, Email: monasurana2711@yahoo.com) : Photodegradation of commercaial textile dye acid orange - 8 by photo-fenton reagent in aqueous medium. Int J chem Sci 2010, 8(4), 2418-26.

A series of new l-hepta-O-benzoyl -P-D- lactosyl-3-alkyl thiocarbamates have been synthesized by the interaction of hepta-O-benzoyl-p-D-lactosyl isothiocyanate with various alcohols. The identities of these new N-lactosides have been established on the basis of usual chemical transformations, IR, NMR and Mass spectral studies.

7 illus, 10 ref

009667   Sharma M;Nachane R P (NO, K J Somaiya College of Science, University of Mumbai, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 077, Email: drrpnachane@hotmail.com) : Non-conventional scouring of cotton fibres of different species. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 81-7.

The effect of non-conventional scouring treatment (NST), using exclusively non-ionic surfactant, on the properties of cotton fibres of different species has been studied. It is observed that for the treated G. arboreum, G. barbadense, G. herbeceum and G. hirsutum the sinking time remains within the standard limits. No significant effect on uniformity ratio is observed for all the samples except for G. herbeceum. A decrease in 2.5% span length is recorded with all species, except with G. herbeceum. The species G. arboreum and G. hirsutum show an increase in micronaire values while G. herbaceum shows a decrease in the value. The % elongation decreases for G. arboreum and G herbeceum. SEM micrographs also suggest that the NST method can be conveniently used for different species of cotton.

4 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

009666   Samanta A K;Konar A;Chakraborti S (NO, Institute of Jute Technology, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: ijt@ca12.vsnl.net.in) : Dyeing of jute fabric with tesu extract. 1. Effect of different mordants and dyeing process variables. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 63-73.

Selective pre-mordanting (single and double) and natural dyeing of 6% H₂O₂ (50%) bleached jute fabric have been carried out using myrobolan (harda) and metallic salts (palash alum and aluminium sulphate) as mordants and aqueous extract of tesu (palash flower petals) as dyeing agent under varying dyeing condition to optimize the dyeing process variables. It is found that the 20 % myrobolan followed by 20 % aluminium sulphate in sequence is a most potential double pre-mordanting system rather than using them as single mordant separately, considering the results of important textileªrelated properties and colour yield. Effects of dyeing process variables (time, temperature, pH, MLR, mordant conc., dye conc., and salt conc.) on surface colour strength have been evaluated to optimize dyeing conditions. Colour fastness to washing, rubbing and light, in general, and dyeing pH sensitivity, in particular, for selective fibre-mordants-dye systems have also been assessed and it is found that dyeing at pH 11 for the system offers overall good colour yield and colour fastness properties. Improvement in wash and light fastness is also achieved with suitable chemical post-treatment.

6 illus, 30 ref

009665   Perumalraj R;Dasaradan B S (NO, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: raj134722002@yahoo.com) : Electroless nickel plated composite textile materials for electromagnet compatibility. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 35-41.

A study on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of electroless nickel plated copper core with polyester sheath yam composite fabrics through Taguchi design and ANOV A has been reported. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of these conductive composite fabrics has been measured in the frequency range 200 - 1000 MHz using network analyzer equipment. It is observed that with an increase in palladium chloride and nickel (II) sulphate concentrations, the shielding effectiveness increases. The ANOV A results show that the time and temperature are negligible factors as compared to other factors.

2 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

009664   Palria V S;Parihar S K;Sharma N (Mining Engineering Dep, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: Kshitij_palria2209@yahoo.co.in) : Value addition in fire clay during beneficiation mL. Int J chem Sci 2010, 8(4), 2627-42.

Clay based industries e.g. tile, sanitary ware manufacturing, insulators etc. are in very large number in Gujarat, meeting the domestic need and also exporting to various countries. The basic requirement of these industries in clay and Gujarat state dominates in the extraction of-clay. Mostly these mining and manufacturing industries are labour intensive. Quality of these products depends mainly on the clay characteristics, which is to be considered very precisely. In the present competitive international market, good quality and better economy has become inevitable for the mines as well as manufacturing industries. The continuous awareness and strictness towards the conservation and environmental issues has increased the responsibilities of the entrepreneur and researcher as well. This paper deals with the quality of the clay extracted form the mine, washed clay and levigated clay. Experiments have been conducted to increase the value of the extracted clay by reducing the impurities and settling time. It also covers the experiments carried out using chemicals prepared for the purpose keeping the economy and suitability in consideration.

^ccr

009663   Niranjana A R;Divakara S;Somashekar R (Physics Dep, Government First Grade College, Thirthahalli-577 432, Email: rs@physics.uni-mysore.ac.in) : Characterization of field grown cotton fibres using whole powder pattern fitting method. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 9-17.

The quality of fibres of eight field grown cotton varieties has been quantified using wide angle X-ray scattering data. Exponential function for column length distribution has been used for the X-ray line profile analysis. The merits and demerits of cotton fibres are emphasized in terms of crystallite size, lattice strain, stacking faults and twin faults determined by the newly developed whole powder pattern fitting method. It is observed that the crystallite shape ellipse area is more in Abhadhitha cotton, which is the reason for observed high tenacity values.

5 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

009662   Matish Chandra;Sreenivasan S (NO, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: sankarsreeni@rediffmail.com) : Improved Gossypium arboreum cotton. I. Fibre quality parameters. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 24-34.

The improved Gossypium arboreum cultivars, along with the traditionally grown Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium hisutum cultivars, have been collected and evaluated comprehensively for fibre quality parameters (physical, morphological and structural). The comparative analysis of the data clearly establishes the parity between improved G. arboreum and traditionally grown G. hirsutum strains. A noticeable qualitative improvement with respect to most of the parameths evaluated, has been observed in comparison to the conventionally cultivated G. arboreum strain RG-8. In addition to that, the improved G. arboreum cultivars seem to retain the inherent trait of the species of producing highly mature fibre.

5 tables, 39 ref

009661   Majumdar A;Mukhopadhyay S;Yadav R;Mondal A K (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: abhitextile@rediffmail.com) : Properties of ring-spun yarns made from cotton and regenerated bamboo fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 18-23.

The properties of ring-spun yarns made from cotton and regenerated bamboo cellulosic fibres and their blends have been studied. Three blend proportions (100% cotton, 50:50 cotton-bamboo and 100% bamboo) have been used to produce yarns of three different counts (20s, 25s and 30s) and these yarns are then tested for their diameter, tensile, evenness and hairiness related properties. It is found that the yarn diameter reduces as the proportion of bamboo fibre increases. The yarn tenacity first reduces and then increases but the elongation increases continuously as the proportion of bamboo fibre increases. The yarn unevenness is found to be maximum for 50:50 cotton-bamboo yarns. The 100% cotton and 100% bamboo yarns are having comparable unevenness except for 30s count. Hairiness of yarn in different length classes and mean hair length reduce continuously as the percentage of bamboo fibre increases. However, for the same blend proportion, mean hair length is found to be independent on the yarn count.

4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

009660   Kulshreshtha S;Mathur N;Bhatnagar P (Zoology Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: Shweta_kulshreshtha@rediffmail.com) : Genotoxic evaluation of handmade paper industrial effluent. Int J chem Sci 2010, 8(4), 2519-28.

Indian handmade paper is unique and considered as eco-friendly. For making this paper, coloured and white cotton rags wastes, procured from the cotton garment industry, is used. Small-scale and largescale handmade paper industries are located in Sanganer. All these industries were found to discharge highly co loured effluent into the Amani Shah drainage. Moreover, colour of effluent varied and depends on the colour of paper manufactured in the industry. Coloured effluents can not be considered as safe for environment as they may be genotoxic. Therefore, the present study focuses on the genotoxic assessment of handmade paper industry's effluent by Ames/ microsomal mutagenicity test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. In present investigation, red and black effluents were found to be highly genotoxic. Moreover, green and white coloured effluent of large scale industry was found to be genotoxic with at least one strain. However, the same coloured effluent of small scale handmade paper industry was not found to be mutagenic with any strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Hence, effluent genotoxicity was not found to be related with colour of handmade paper industrial effluent. Due to having genotoxicity, these effluents cannot be discharged in untreated form as they may cause various health hazards in the local people.

^ccr1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

009659   Kathari V P;Patil B G;Das S (NO, , BTM Layout, Madiwala, Bangalore-560 068, Email: vpkathari@yahoo.co.in) : Energy efficient re-reeling pricess for silk reeling industry to reduce deforestation. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 96-8.

The energy consumption of a conventional re-reeling machine is evaluated according to design of its construction, and the suitable conceptualized modification is advocated to reduce the consumption of firewood. It is found that the modified re-reeling machine is energy efficient showing 59.14% reduction in heat energy consumption in comparison to conventional machine, thereby reflecting considerably less firewood utilization in the process and reduce the deforestation.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

009658   El-Molla M M;Badawy N A;AbdEl-Aal A Y; El-Bayaa A A;El-Shaimaa H M G (Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, , Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : Dyeability of cationised cotton and nylon 6 fabrics using acid dyes. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 88-95.

Cationisation of cotton and nylon 6 fabrics has been done using Solfix E, Tino fix ECO, Acramine berfix K and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to impart cationic sites on fabric surface for improving their substantivity to acid dyes. Preªcationisation of cotton and nylon 6 fabrics improves the depth of the colour as well as fastness properties. In all the cases, the overall colour fastness of cationic cotton dyed with acid dyes is found to be comparable to the colour fastness of the nylon 6 dyed with same acid dyes.

4 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

009657   Das A;Raghav R J (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Instituter of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: apurba65@gmail.com) : Bursting behavior of spunbonded nonwoven fabric. II. Change in fabric characteristics due to repeated bursting cycle. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 53-7.

The change in the properties, such as tensile characteristics, compressional behaviour and air permeability, of a wide range of polypropylene heat-sealed spunbonded nonwoven fabrics has been studied after cyclic bursting pressure. It is observed that the cyclic bursting pressure results in change in tensile, compressional and transmission characteristics of fabrics to a great extent. The air permeability is found to be increased after the application of cyclic pressure, whereas the compressibility and recovery tendency increase marginally after the application of cyclic pressure. The cyclic bursting pressure also have significant impact on the tensile strength of spun bonded nonwoven fabrics. The tensile strength reduces after the application of cyclic pressure. The increase in the pressure level during cyclic loading significantly decreases the tensile strength.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

009656   Bhat N V;Bharat R N;Gore A V;Patil A J (Bombay Textile Research Association, , L B S Marg, Ghatkopar (West), Mumbai-400 086, Email: nvkbhat@gmail.com) : Effect of atmospheric pressure air plasma treatment on desizing and wettability of cotton fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(1), 42-6.

Atmospheric pressure air plasma has been used to treat grey cotton fabrics and the effect of treatment on their desizing and wettability properties is studied using the dielectric barrier discharge plasma with air and helium gas mixture. The weight loss due to etching has been determined by gravimetric method, the surface structure observed by SEM, the wettability studied by wicking action and the angle of contact test using water. It is observed that the rate of desizing increases when the fabric is pre-treated with plasma. This phenomenon of surface etching and chemical modifications can be used advantageously for industrial processing.

6 illus, 17 ref

008584   Shakyawar D B;Raja A S M;Gupta N P;Ammayappan L (Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry Div, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Email: dbshakya_67@yahoo.co.in) : Development of magra wool - nylon blended hand knotted carpets. Indian J Small Rumin 2011, 17(2), 207-9.

Rajasthan is one of the important carpet wool producing states. It produces about 10 m kg of wool annually and contributes significantly to the carpet production. Among the different carpet wool producing sheep, Magra is one of the best breeds producing excellent quality carpet wool. In this study, attempt was made to blend Magra wool with different proportions of nylon viz. 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15 in order to improve the abrasion resis

6 illus, 5 ref

008583   Samanta A K;Konar A (NO, Institute of Jute Technology, 35, Ballyguange Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: ijt@cal2.vsnl.net.in) : Natural dyes for dyeing, natural fibres. Indian Sci Cruiser 2010, 24(3), 57-75.

Overview of recent work has been provided for general characteristic of natural dyes and their application on natural fibre. It also includes a critical discussion on effects of mordants, methods of extraction and dyeing methods and colour fastness behaviour. Deals with some important R&D studies carried out in our laboratory for production of eco-friendly dyed jute and cotton textiles by applying selective natural dyes on these two fibres with selective mordants after optimal extraction of the natural dyes. Finally, variation in colour parameter and colour fastness properties have also been mentioned with alternative route for improving colour fastness to wash and light. Conventionally H₂O₂ bleached jute and cotton fabrics have been subjected to pre-mordanting with selective single and double mordants using myrobolan (harda) and other mordants (metallic salts) followed by dyeing with aqueous extract of jackfruit wood, Tesu and Manjistha and then studied for their mechanical and dyeing properties. It is observed that the application of 10-20% myrobolan followed by 10-20% of A1₂(SO₄)₃ in sequence have been identified as the most prospective mordanting systems. Colour fastness to washing, rubbing and exposure to sunlight, in general, and dyeing-pH sensitivity, in particular, for selective fibre-mordants-dye systems have also been assessed and compared. Dyeing at pH 11.0 for both the double pre-mordanting systems offers overall good colour fastness properties.

1 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

008582   Raja A S M;Shakyawar D B;Pareek P K;Wani S A (Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry Div, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Email: asmraja16475@yahoo.com ) : Production and performance of pure cashmere shawl fabric using machine spun yarn by nylon dissolution process. Indian J Small Rumin 2011, 17(2), 203-6.

Cashmere fibre is produced from the down hair of domesticated double-coat goat (Capra hircus). It is very difficult to spin it in machine due to its soft, short and slippery scales which create lapping due to the development of static charges during carding, sliver making and spinning processes. In this study, an attempt was made to produce machine spun cashmere yarn using nylon as a carrier fibre for manufacturing shawl type fabric. The nylon portion of the fabric was removed by hydrochloric acid treatment and 18% was found to be satisfactory. Finally, the fabric produced was compared with the conventionally hand spun yarn made cashmere shawl fabric. The results showed non-significant difference between the two fabrics in terms of softness and thermal conductivity. However, the machine spun yarn made fabric showed 60% lower extension and 50% higher abrasion losses. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the machine spun yarn made fabric had minute deposits of dissolved nylon at a few places. The results indicated that the process of preparing cashmere fabric using hand spun yarn could be replaced with machine spun yarn using nylon dissolution process without compromising the softness and thermal insulation properties; however, higher abrasion loss is a limiting factor.

1 table, 3 ref

008581   Basu G;et. al. (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute Allied Fibre Technology, Indian, Kolkata-700 040) : Design, manufacturing and application of natural-synthetic composite geotextiles for protection of river-bank. Indian Sci Cruiser 2010, 24(3), 33-47.

Bank erosion has become a serious problem in many rivers. Generally occurring in the monsoon season, when the rivers are in spate, bank erosion causes inconceivable damage to the human habitation and property. Looking into the perennial problem and non-availability of indigenously produced geotextiles for specific use, a set of novel geotextile fabrics using jute and jute-coconut fibre blended yarn separately (in cross direction) and polyolefin tape yarn (in machine direction) has been developed. The fabric samples contain more than 70% (wt/wt) natural fibre. The production viability of the developed geotextiles has been tested through continuous production of the geotextile fabrics using commercial-scale machines at NIRJAFT laboratory. The performance of the fabric samples were evaluated following ASTM standard test methods. The blended fabrics having much balanced property parameters are durable, more effective than both 100% natural and 100% synthetic fabrics and much cheaper than 100% imported synthetic geotextile fabrics. A successful field trial was conducted for protection of a part of the bank of Mayurakshi River (rained river) at West Bengal using the developed geotextiles based on the principle of using geotextiles as reinforcing material for stable grass-turfing. The vertical height and angle of gradient of the bank were approximately 9.0 m and 60° respectively. All the materials used for execution of laying-work of geotextiles were procured from adjacent locality. The work-force was also appointed from the nearby villages under NREGS. A total shower (till laying of geotextiles) during monsoon was recorded as nearly 140 cm and then at the end of full monsoon period, even after release of stored water from Massanjore dam through Tilpara barrage @ 1,25,000 cusec (plus additional 35,000 cusec from local catchments due to a spell of spearheaded shower for continuously three days during the same period), no change (deformation), and zero erosion of the part of the river-bank under trial was observed. While, on the rest of the part (where geotextile was not been used), signs of major soil erosion including rain-cuts (Number of rain-cut-64/100 m length of river-bank) were clearly visible.

3 tables, 31 ref

006370   Sweetlin Rajula Rubavathi D;Balakumar S (NO, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli-627 152, Email: prof_balkumar@rediffmail.com) : Iron(III)-salen-catalyzed H₂O₂ oxidation of dibenzyl sulphide. Asian J Chem 2010, 22(6), 4891-7.

Iron(III)-salen complexes (salen = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-ethylene diaminato} efficiently catalyze the H₂O₂ oxidation of organic sulphides. This reaction leads to the formation of sulphoxides as the major product. The spectrophotometric kinetic study shows that the reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The rate of the reaction is highly sensitive to the nature of the substituents present in the phenolic moiety of salen ligand based on the spectral and kinetic studies. A mechanism involving electron transfer from the substrate to the oxidant in the rate controlling step has been proposed.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

006369   Parthasarathi V;Thilagavathi G (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Email: sarathihere@gmail.com) : Development of hemostatic wound dressing using silk. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2011, 2(4), 655-9.

Defence field and various other pharmacutical areas are facing the major problem of traumatic hemorrhage. Hemostatic wound dressings help control traumatic external bleeding by enhancing or accelerating the natural clotting process through various physical reactions. The fatal traumatic hemorrhage remains one of the most challenging problems for military people and other pharma areas. Hence the development of effective biocompatible hemostatic wound dressings that overcome these limitations is an absolute necessity. The hemostatic wound dressing with characteristics such as toxicity, biodegradability and less cost has to be developed. The goal of this research work is to develop hemostatic wound dressing with silk fibre for controlling the traumatic external bleeding. First, the silk fibers were treated with two kinds of neutral salts calcium nitrate tetra-hydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂ 4H₂O) and calcium chloride systems in order to decrystallize their crystalline structure and improve their water absorbability and biodegradability. FTIR and X ray demonstrated that most effective decrystallization of silk fibers were performed with the treatment in Ca(NO₃)2 4H₂O. Next, the blood clotting ability of the treated silk fibers was investigated by blood coagulation test.

9 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

005221   Massey S;Dhillon S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Problems and constraints faced by machine embroidery workers of Ludhiana city. Pantnagar J Res 2010, 8(2), 230-2.

Study revealed that respondents belonged to 20-30 years of age, were matric, and had training in embroidery for two years. The majority of respondents had a monthly personal income up to Rs. 4000-6000 and family income Rs. 4000- 10,000. The average personal and family income was Rs. 4940 and Rs. 6555 with a range from Rs. 2000 to Rs. 8000 and Rs. 30000 to Rs. 16,000 respectively. The different problems faced by the workers were related to nonavailability of raw material, financial problems, marketing problems, and personal problems. Problems related to raw material were inferior quality material, non-availability of raw material in desired colour etc. Major financial problems were less profit and irregular income. They used to face marketing problems due to fast changing trends and no fixed place for selling embroidered articles. Respondents faced various personal problems like busy schedule, effect on general health, mentally challenging work etc.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

004091   Nayak J C;Patra S K;Thilagavathi G (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: iswarchandranayak_2007@rediffmail.com) : Weaving technique of a traditional door screen Dhalapathar Parda woven by Rangani at Dhalapathar. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2011, 10(2), 319-22.

Weaving technique of a traditional door screen locally known as Dhalapathar parda woven by a community called Rangani has been discussed. It describes the weaving of cloth with colored weft ribbed designs without the use of Dobby, Jacquard or Jala. The novel feature of this technique is the extra weft shedding and picking. The technique is very rare and not seen in any traditional weaving of India.

17 illus, 1 ref

004090   Nagaraja G;Basavaiah C (Economics Dep, SVUPG Centre, Kavali, Nellore-524 201, Email: nagu_1976@rediffmail.com) : Uses of coir fibre, its products and utilization of geo-coir in India. Indian J Market 2011, 41(3), 60-4.

3 tables, 7 ref

003076   Vivekanadan M V;Raj S;Sreenivasan S;Nachane R P (NO, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: mv.vivek@gmail.com) : Parameters affecting warm-cool feeling in cotton denim fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 117-21.

Four greige cotton denim fabrics differing in weight per unit area have been subjected to five different finishing treatments. Physical and structural properties of these fabrics have been determined to assess their influence on warm-cool feeling to touch of the fabrics. It is observed that the lighter fabrics made of finer count yarns are cooler as compared to thicker fabrics. Higher pick density leads to an increase in q-max value and therefore the cool feeling. Washing treatments in general show a positive influence on cool feeling, while thickness, bulk density and cover factor show the reverse effect. q-max is found to be higher for fabrics with reduced geometric roughness or increased smoothness.

1 table, 19 ref

003075   Vijayeendra M K;Yashoda R;Prabhuswamy N (NO, Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute, Thalagattapura, Bangalore-560 062, Email: kssrdi@vsnl.net) : Dyeing behaviour of self shades and combination shades on crape and soft silk fabric: Pt-I. J Text Ass 2011, 71(1), 19-22.

In the study, crepe & soft silk fabrics are dyed with self and combination shades employing three different methods of dyeing and different levels of dyeing. Fabric dyed with combination of direct colours have inferior fastness compared to acid colours. The dye uptake and the colour strength of crepe fabric was found to be more than that of soft silk. The affinity of dye towards the fabric goes on increasing up to certain concentration, beyond this the dye uptake remains almost constant.

4 tables

003074   Sundrani A;Vora C N (Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, , Email: chintan.officaial@gmail.com) : Defence textiles. J Text Ass 2010, 71(3), 128-36.

Looking at the current situation, it is very crucial to have a strong defense force and for that a more developed and sophisticated product for the protection of forces are necessary. Defense textiles are now being given a more serious attention, and especially in India after the most recent attack in Mumbai. This paper reviews about the various protection the defense force is need to have and which textile materials are used for the product manufacture for the same. It also includes discussion about the various products useful to the defense forces. Textile based materials now provide a better protection then the earlier used materials from metals, leather etc. for a country like India which has been the centre of terrorism for one and half decade, the protectors of the nation need attention and support in order to equip them with the state of the art armor. There is a need to maximize warrior's survivability, sustainability, mobility, combat effectiveness, and quality of life. This article attempts to draw the attention towards the scientific fraternity that is playing major role in protecting the nation.

4 illus, 11 ref

003073   Singh G;Roy K;Varshney R;Goyal A (Textile Engineering Dep, GZS College of Engineering & Technology, Bathinda-151 003, Email: kalyankalyan1@yahoo.co.in) : Dimensional parameters of single jersey cotton knitted fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 111-16.

The problem of unpredictable shrinkage of cotton knitted fabrics and garments faced by the industry has been investigated by knitting single jersey cotton fabrics using the similar yarn and knitting parameters as used in the industry and finishing them. Through linear regression analysis, the variable factors, which affect the shrinkage and should be included in the domain of the quality control system, have been identified and predictive equations are established. Although, the variable factors, namely linear density, twist factor, machine gauge and stitch length, influence the shrinkage to a variable degree, stitch length is the dominating factor. If shrinkage can be controlled, fabric weight is predicted with high accuracy.

5 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

003072   Sayed U;Kadam N;Khard R (Fibres and Texitle Processing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: u.sayed@ictmumabi.edu.in) : Spider silk. J Text Ass 2010, 71(3), 118-22.

Spider silk is well known for its strength yet elastic nature, and for these reason scientists and engineers from a wide variety of fields have begun researching its structure and the possibility and methods of synthesizing spider silk for industrial use. However, extraction of silk from spiders is not cost effective, so most of the researches are focused on synthesis of spider silk either chemically or DNA recombinant technology. Although research is still at an early stage and ongoing, it is only a matter of time before spider silk can be successfully synthesized for industrial use.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

003071   Sangani J;Baruah S (NO, SNDT Women's Univ, Premlila vithaldas polytechnic Bldng 2nd Floor, Sir Vithaldas Vidhya Vihar, Juhu Road, Sanacruz (W), Mumbai-400 049, Email: jinalts@rediffmail.com) : Marvel of mata ni pachedi. J Text Ass 2010, 71(3), 123-7.

Being one of the oldest civilizations on the planet, India has a long tradition of indigenous arts and crafts. As Indian society is obsessively religious, Indian artisans and artists have experimented with a multitude of natural mediums to unleash their creativity and express their religious sentiments. For thousands of years, religion has motivated artistic expression in the Indian civilization. In this paper, we have attempted to examine conventional techniques involved in Mata ni Pachedi art and then explore the infusion of the methods of this ancient craft for creating new products for the contemporary era.

3 illus, 2 ref

003070   Sandhya C R;Srinivase G;Rahmathulla V K;Rajan R K (NO, Central Sericulture Researc Training Institute, Mysore, Email: shillin_sn@yahoo.co.in) : Factors influencing capital formation in sericulturre-an economic analysis. J Text Ass 2011, 71(1), 11-13.

The accumulation of savings and later on conversion in to capital formation is one of the critical and important factors for the development of any industry. Sericulture as a biological industry is contributing a lot to farmer's income levels in the rural areas. The sericulture enterprise is proved to be the major income and savings contributing enterprise for the farmers. There is limited information available on the conversion of these income and savings in to capital in sericulture. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to understand the level of capital formation in sericulture and the factors responsible there of. For the purpose, primary data were collected from 90 randomly selected sericulturists in Mandya district of Karnataka spread over three taluks. Structured schedules were prepared to collect data through personal interview method. The results indicated that the factors like area under mulberry in small and medium farmers category, technology adoption and cocoon yield in case of small and large farmers category and labour employed in medium farmers category were found to be influencing capital formation positively and significantly. The study concludes by saying that the sustainability of sericulture enterprise could be achieved in the study area by strong market linked credit policy.

1 tables, 3 ref

003069   Roy G;Saha S C (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology 12, Kolkata-700 040, Email: gautamroy1234@yahoo.com) : Development of digital moisture meter for jute fibre and its products. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 178-82.

A new type of digital instrument has been developed using the resistance measurement method with a new concept of built-in lookup table form, which has been proved as more accurate than other available moisture meters. The operations are controlled by a microprocessor unit and provide the result on a digital display. The test is non-destructive and process of sample preparation is free from human errors. The same instrument can also be used for other fibres simply by changing the lookup table for that particular fibre.

6 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

003068   Praba Karan C;Rengasamy R S;Das D (Textile Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016, Email: prabaiitd@gmail.com) : Oil spil cleanup by structured fibre assembly. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 190-200.

Oil is one of the important sources of energy in the modern industrial world. It has to be transported from the source of production to many places across the globe through oceans and inland transport. During transportation the chance of oil spillage over the water body occurs due to accidents or by deliberate action during war time and this causes environmental pollution. Sorbents made from structured fibre assembly are found to be the best material to clean up oil spill. The oil sorption and retention behavior of sorbents are influenced by the material and structure of the sorbents and oil physical characteristics. For sustainable environment, disposal of used sorbents is a major issue. In this context, the naturally available biodegradable materials have great potential than the synthetic ones. This paper reviews about oil spill cleanup with special emphasis on the phenomenon of oil sorption, methods of oil spill cleanup, characteristics of oil sorbent materials, fluid flow through fibrous materials, types of fibre materials envisaged for making sorbents and test methods for oil sorbents.

^iia6 illus, 1 table, 61 ref

003067   Pal S K;Thakare V B;Singh G;Verma M K (Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment, Defense Research and Development Organisation, Agra-282 001, Email: gs_rohilla@yahoo.com) : Effect of outdoor exposure and accelerated ageing on textile materials used in aerostat and aircraft arrester barrier nets. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 145-51.

The degradation behaviour of polyurethane (PU) coated nylon fabric and woven webbings made of nylon and polyester fibres when exposed to outdoor environment has been studied. The degradation behavior of these materials has also been studied under accelerated ageing using xenon lamp. The degradation behavior of the samples has been studied in terms of increase in gas permeability (for PU coated nylon fabric only), loss in breaking strength, work of rupture and extension-at-break. In PU coated fabrics, even though the tensile strength loss after outdoor exposure is acceptable, the gas retention property of PU coatings deteriorates sharply and material becomes unusable. It is observed that in case of polyester webbing, the outdoor exposure and xenon arc exposure data correlate quite well, however no such finding is observed for nylon webbing. It also emerges out that during outdoor weathering, although the strength loss in polyester webbing is less than that of nylon, the loss in work of rupture is higher. The UV resistant (UVR) finish has been found to be quite effective on both nylon and polyester webbings.

6 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

003066   Naz S;Bhatti I A;Adeel S (Chemistry & Biochemistry Dep, Univ of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan) : Dyeing properties of cotton fabric using un-irradiated and gamma irradiated extracts of Eucalyputs camaldulensis bark powder. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 12-6.

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) bark powder (un-irradiated and irradiated) has been used as natural colourant for dyeing un-irradiated and irradiated cotton fabric using different absorbed doses of Co-60 gamma irradiation to study the effect of radiation treatment on the colour strength of dyed fabrics. The data colour report is used for the evaluation of un-irradiated and irradiated dyed cotton using Spectra Flash (SF- 650) in CIE Lab system. Pre- and post-mordanting has also been carried out using chrome alum, potassium dichromate, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and stannous chloride as mordants. It is found that gamma irradiation has a potential to improve the fastness properties such as washing, light and rubbing of cotton dyed with Eucalyptus powder.

5 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

003065   Mandal S;Basu R (Geography Dep, Prabhu Jagat Bandhu College, Andul, Howrah) : Endurance of ancient art of weaving Baluchari in relation to present technological advancement. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2010, 33(1), 89-100.

Baluchari sari is a special expression of Indian rich textile tradition with some unique features like highly decorated 'anchal' and border; motifs of animals, flowers, trees, geometric patterns and often human figures with side face. Design of Baluchari has been influenced by Mughal and Persian miniature art form. During the middle of 20th century Baluchari weaving has been resuscitated by using jacquard loom. The present weaving technique is primitive, time consuming and demands hard toil of the weavers in comparison with the modern advancement of weaving technology. In the present paperan attempt has been made to identify those problems regarding the present technology of Baluchari weaving which are spreading thorn in the way of further advancement of Baluchari industry.

2 illus, 10 ref

003064   Mahapatra N N (NO, , ) : Dyeing of acrylic fibre in textile industry. J Text Ass 2010, 71(3), 143-6.

003063   Kesarwani P;Singh A;Ganwar A K (Textiles and Clothing Dep, M.A.B. College of Home Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad Univ of Agriultur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: arch_knp@yahoo.com) : Enrichment of the "king of fabric" by sodium alginate and its blend with guar gum. J Text Ass 2011, 71(1), 14-18.

The present work aimed at developing cost effective printed fabric from the blends of thickeners namely sodium alginate and guar gum using reactive dye. The sodium alginate with 8% concentration and guar gum with 3% concentration were blended in different ratios i.e. 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 80:20. The thickeners were standardized on the basis of various tests; visual assessment, computer colour matching, bending length and crease recovery angle. Result in the research work showed that 8% concentration of sodium alginate and the blend of the two gums in the ratio 80:20 were the best concentrations and was standardized for cotton fabric. The result also revealed that blend of the two gums in the ratio 80:20 was best as compared to the pure sodium alginate when cost was considered and it did not cause any significant effect on the physical parameters such as thickness, tensile strength and colour fastness property. Thus from the present study it can be concluded that the blend of sodium alginate and guar gum in the ratio 80:20 will be the better alternative for large scale printing of cotton fabric.

3 tables, 3 illus, 5 ref

003062   Kavitha K;Selvakumar N (Textile Technology Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025) : Determination of sinking time of partially scoured cotton fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 183-6.

Efforts have been made to modify the existing standard method IS: 2369 - 1967 which is meant for the determination of sinking time of well-scoured cotton fibres. A fibre container has been prepared to achieve standard dimensions in the fibre mass in cake form at the time of sample preparation and testing. Minute holes are made at the bottom and the lid of the container and the fibre cake is kept inside it to come in contact with water taken in a specially fabricated glass trough. Holes with diameters 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mm have been studied to assess their effect on sinking time. It is observed that the fibre container provided with holes having 0.5 mm diameter performs very effectively for the determination of sinking time of partially scoured cotton fibres. This method is also found to be suitable for well scoured cotton fibres. As this method is suitable for the determination of sinking time of cotton fibres scoured to any extent, it may be considered by the standards organizations for introducing it as a standard testing method following the necessary protocols.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

003061   Kale K;Palaskar S;Hauser P J;Shafei A E (NO, Plasma Lab,The Bombay Textile Research Association, Ghatkopar (West), Mumbai-400 086) : Atmospheric pressure glow discharge of helium-oxygen plasma treatment on polyester/cotton blended fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2011, 36(2), 137-44.

Polyester/cotton blended woven fabric has been treated with atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma to improve its hydrophilic properties. Discharge has been generated at radio frequency using pure helium and helium-oxygen gas mixtures. The role of various plasma process parameters, such as discharge intensity, exposure time, gas flow rate, inter-clcdrode distance and type of gas, on the hydrophilic and surface properties of the fabric has also been studied. The efficiency of the plasma treatment is assessed through capillary rise measurements, whereas surface characterization is performed with FTIR and SEM. It is observed that plasma process parameters play a key role in deciding properties of the plasma-treated fabric. Use of even low amount of oxygen as a reactive gas has been proved to be very effective in producing liulmphilic properties of plasma-treated polyester/cotton blended fabric.

5 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref