018783   Chauhan V S;Sharma A;Chakrabarti S K;Varadhan R (NO, Thapar Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : Energy savings through increased filler loading in paper. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(3), 171-6.

Papermaking is an extremely energy intensive industry with respect to both thermal (steam) and electrical energy. Different approaches are imminent to target energy reduction. Increased loading of filler in fibre is presumed to be a sensible approach in this regard in addition to the conventional notion of reducing the paper cost with cheaper filler. In this study, the talc filler was loaded into paper to get different ash levels in paper. The cationic, amphoteric and polymeric strength additives were used to maintain the strength loss which occurs with high filler loading. The effect of filler loading on optical and physical properties of paper was investigated. The energy savings due to increased filler content in paper was calculated at different sections of papermaking process. Based upon experimental data, it was observed that the filler loading in paper can be increased from 15 to 18% without any negative effect on strength properties of paper. The filler can also be increased to 21-22% using higher dose of strength additives which further helps in decreasing energy consumption. The demand of fibre was reduced up to 3-7% depending upon the type of strength additive. Due to increased filler loading, the demand of electrical energy in refining of pulp fibres reduced from 106.3 to 97.5 kWh/t of paper; around 8.3% of total electrical energy required in refining section. The steam energy demand in paper drying reduced from 3.55 to 3.23 t/t of paper; around 9% of total steam required in drying section. The electrical energy demand in fibre line i.e. chipping, pulping and bleaching reduced from 245 to 225 kWh/t paper; around 8.2% reduction. The steam energy demand in pulping and bleaching reduced from 3.83 to 3.51 t/t of paper; around 8.4% reduction. In addition, the drainage rate on wire and solids after pressing increased by around 1.6 and 6.5% respectively.

8 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

018782   Chakrabarti S K;Verma P;Tripathi S;Barnie S; Varadhan R (NO, Thapar Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, P.O. Yamuna, Nagar-135 001) : Stickies: management and control. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(2), 101-7.

Broad overview of the various methods used to reduce the stickies from the conventional recycling process operations to the development of enzymatic solutions especially designed to minimize the stickies. It covers different mechanical, physio-chemical technologies, chemical treatments (passivation, fixation, dispersion) and enzyme based solutions for the removal of stickies/reduction of their detrimental impacts in the deinking process. Recent development on recycle compatible adhesives is also discussed in thes paper.

3 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

018781   Bhardwaj C V S;Chakrabarti N K;Swapan K (Research and Competency Division in Pulp and Paper, Thapar Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : Inorganic filler-modification and retention during papermaking. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(2), 93-100.

Papermakers are continuously searching for methods to decrease cost and improve product quality. One approach is increasing the filler content of the sheet, replacing expensive fiber. By increasing filler content, other quality improvements are noticed including increased opacity, brightness, smoothness and printability. However, using conventional means, reduced retention with increased filler loading results in decreased machine performance, as well as reduced strength/physical properties of paper, limiting the papermakers' ability to increase filler content. Many approaches have been proposed by researchers to overcome this problem; filler modification is one of them. The modification of filler is done by pretreating it with different suitable chemicals. The filler modification process can provide improved filler retention, fiber-filler bonding, and optical properties while maintaining or improving the physical strength properties of paper. Filler modification has been a crucial way to develop a paper with higher ash content which will be creating benefits to papermaking industry in the future. The different types of processes used by researchers worldwide to modify papermaking fillers such as kaolin, ground calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, talc, and silica have been discussed in this paper. New developments in the area of nano-particles and organic fillers have also been briefed.

1 table, 78 ref

018780   Bansal M C;Vivek Kumar;Kulkarni S (Paper Technology Dep, IITR-Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-247 001) : Combined deinking technology to improve the quality of recycled paper. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(3), 145-8.

The use of secondary fibre is growing over the years and thus the interest for more work in the area of deinking is evident worldwide. The combined deinking technology of Ultrasound and enzymatic methods was introduced into the deinking process of recycled paper. Biodeinking technology has opened up a new way for recycled paper. The conventional deinking technology with chemicals is combined with ultrasonic and enzymes technologies in this paper. Deinking operation was studied in two stages; first difiberization at high temperature and with suitable chemicals in hydrapulper and then removal of separated ink as foam in a flotation cell. The result shows that ultrasonification of pulp with only enzyme is effectively improved in strength properties, pulp freeness and sheet density while lesser improvement in bulk density. Results indicate that enzymatic deinking does not improve ink removal efficiency infact Brightness and ERIC value decreases in comparison to the chemical deinking.

4 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

018779   Agarwal N K;Khanna N K;Chechi S K;Patel K I; Pawar S L;Patil R G (NO, JK Paper Ltd, Unit: CPM, Fort Songadh, Dist. Tapi, (Gujarat)) : Evaluation of banana pseudostem based fibre as pulp and paper making raw material. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(3), 119-24.

An ever increasing demand for pulp and paper vis-a-vis decline in forest based raw material has compelled the industry, scientists and planner to find out suitable supplement or substitute for the raw material. Banana being grown in vast area (7.0 lakh ha) in India, it generates huge quantity of waste biomass in the form of pseudostem (60 to 80 t/ha), leaves, suckers etc. In order to utilize this waste for developing value added products, a project entitled "A Value Chain on Utilization Pseudostem for Fibre and Other Value Added Products" was sanctioned under NAIP (ICAR), New Delhi. The results of studies conducted under this project indicate that banana pseudostem fibre can be used as raw material for pulp and paper industries. Proximate chemical analysis finds the suitability of this fibre as paper making raw material. Pulping characteristics of banana pseudostem fibre were also investigated using soda pulping and CEpHD bleaching sequence. These studies were carried out with unbleached pulp of <126> 15 kappa no. aiming final pulp brightness of <126> 88% ISO. The chemical consumption to achieve the final optical properties is lesser with good viscosity of pulp (12.6 cp). The pulp was also evaluated for physical strength properties of both unbleached and bleached pulp. The higher double fold, tear factor and burst factor indicates its suitability for making speciality papers like greaseproof, parchment, cheque and currency paper etc.

5 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref

018778   Agarwal C;Ilindra A;Karadbhajne V (Pulp and Paper Technology Dep, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur) : Utilization of black liquor lignin in detergent making. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(3), 181-3.

Unlike the large scale paper mills which use the black liquor for recovery of chemicals, the small and medium mills usually throw away the black liquor after pulping, leading to pollution problems. It is therefore required for these mills to have a proper management of black liquor. The black liquor is an aqueous solution of lignin residues, hemicellulose, and the inorganic chemicals used in the process. The aim of this study was to utilize lignin from the black liquor for detergent making. Lignin was isolated from black liquor by treating it with dilute hydrochloric acid. About 75% lignin got precipitated which was then filtered. This lignin was used as an active material for making powder detergent. The detergent was tested for its properties like detergency, foaming and surface tension. This detergent gives improved cleaning of cloth, higher brightness. However, it has a slight colour.

3 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

017642   Wennwestrom M;Norden S;Kain N K (NO, , Metso Paper Sweden AB SE-85194, Sundsvall Gustaf Gidlofs Vag4, Sweden) : ECO-friendly bleaching concept with HC zone. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 93-8.

High-consistency ozone bleaching is today a well-proven technology for environmentally sound bleaching. Today there are fifteen systems for HC ozone bleaching installed or under construct

8 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

017641   Tiway K N;Ssharma S K;Anil Kumar (Shreyans Industries Ltd. (Unit: Shreyans Papers), , Ahmedgarh-148 021) : Anaerobic treatment of wheat straw wash water. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 187-9.

Black liquor management for small and medium mills based on agri- residues is still a problem, though several chnologies are developed. One of the non conventional technologies being practiced by many of the mills is Modified Copeland Process. Wheat straw contains high surface silica and chloride which create trouble in burning wheat straw black liquor in Copeland Reactor. To remove chloride and silica from black liquor, wheat straw is washed before pulping which generates wash water rich in various pollutants. COD and BOD of wash water varies from 3000-3500 and 1300-1600 mg/l respectively. Conventional aerobic treatment is not very effective to treat Wheat straw wash water. However, anaerobic treatment works well. Experience with anaerobic treatment of wheat straw wash water based on UASB technology is discussed in the paper along with economics due to bio gas production and burning in boiler to generate steam and power thus, saving fuel. UASB process also controls the emission of Green House Gases generated during open lagooning of waste water.

2 illus, 3 tables

017640   Suri P K;Mohan Murali N (Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Ltd., , Rajahmundry, Dist East Godavari-533 105) : Farm forestry plantations and advancement - APPM experience. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 157-60.

Farm forestry is the strategic integration of commercial trees into existing farming enterprises to provide direct and indirect, economic, environmental and social benefits. Over the years it is evident that the potential financial returns from farm forestry are considerable. However, with the increasing trend of raw material requirement by wood based industries it is essential to plan, design and develop plantations with genetically improved pulp wood species. This is necessary to derive higher productivity from farm forestry plantations. Research and Development plays a key role for introduction of good planting stock there by ensuring quality raw material for industry. For wood based industries, industrial plantations are the only answer to overcome constraints This demands availability of wastelands for taking up farm forestry plantations Research programmes should also address long term wasteland development programmes. On the other hand there is a trend towards increased use of heterogeneous mix of hardwood species due to less availability of a single raw material species. Availability of different pulp wood species suitable to different agroªclimatic zones ensuring higher yield per unit area are very much essential. Biologically there needs to be development of genotypes which have benefits of high productivity and desirable end uses. The Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills has envisaged an integrated pulpwood based farm forestry project for more than two decades. Targeting marginal and wastelands, the mill has introduced low cost planting technique, particularly development of high quality seedlings and clonal Casuarina at the minimum affordable cost. It has proven to be a revolutionary step in introducing quality material in the field. Simultaneously steps were taken by tree improvement programme for producing genetically improved seeds in adequate quantities through development of Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) involving highly productive clones. Thus, the farm forestry has offered initial minimal investment and higher yield within short rotation cycle, ensuring quality raw material to mills. It has improved farmers s cio-economic conditions by diversifying farm income by an array of products.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

017639   Shrikant B;Gupta A K;Shaik M (ABB Global Industries and Services Limited, Indian Corporate Research, , Bangalore) : Energy saving and production enhancement through scheduling optimization of displacement batch digesters. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 111-6.

Displacement batch digester house for pulp production involves many digesters sharing common resources. In addition to this, since the digesters interact with each other in terms of using the hot liquors from previous batches, the problem of scheduling becomes a challenging task. The objective of scheduling optimization, in such cases, is to reduce the idle waiting time between various phases of the digesters so that this time can be used for production maximization and/or energy minimization. This study provides mathematical programming based optimization models and computational results for short-term scheduling of displacement batch digesters in a pulp industry. The scheduling problem involves development of an optimal solution in terms of batch's start and end times that yield the best sequence of operations in each of the batch digesters sharing common resources. The constraints are imposed on meeting the demand of pulp production within a specified time horizon. The problem comprises of both fixed-time and variable time durations of the tasks, different storage policies for states: zero-wait and finite wait times; and handling of shared resources. The scheduling problem is formulated using a state-task-network (STN) representation of production recipes, based on discrete time representation. This result in a mixed-integer ªlinear programming (MILP) problem which is solved using GAMS software. Various case studies involving - paralle1 digesters in multiple production lines are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation.

9 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

017638   Shoba K;Mary P (Economics Dep, government Arts College, Coimbatore-641 018) : Socio-economic conditions of selected migrants of knitting industry of nallur municipality in Tirupur district. Res Highlight 2011, 21(2), 105-8.

3 tables, 3 ref

017637   Sharma M;Rao S S (EP-Paper Chemicals, BASF India Limited, , Plot No 37, Chandivali Farm Road, Chandivali, Andheri (East) Mumbai-400 072) : Cleaner technology concept through micro particle - to control pitch/ stickies, retention/drainage aid and effluent treatment. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 165-68.

Many Paper mills are shifting from pollution control to pollution prevention through cleaner technology - recycling I reuse water and solid waste and thus reducing pollutants and also to save the energy. Cleaner technology concept starts from pulp mill/deinking plant by controlling pitch/stickies, paper machine to control colloidal, dissolved materials and TOC (Total organic compounds) and finally the effluent treatment. Typical bentonite based technology is adopted to control pitch and stickies, mainly in pulp mill, deinking and recycled pulp, as retention and drainage aid in paper machine and as scavenger in effluent treatment.

3 illus, 8 tables, 5 ref

017636   Sandeep C K (Ion Exchange (India) Limited, , Ion House, Dr. E. Moses Road, Mahalaxmi, Mumbai-400 011) : Strategy for reduction in water consumption and achieving zero discharge. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 191-3.

Total water and Environment management in a paper mill is the need of the hour to ensure that the dual needs of lower water consumption as well as eliminating waste discharge are met. This is made possible by having an holistic approach to the problem rather than looking at end of pipe solutions like recycling the total waste water produced etc. The approach towards this could be to begin with a complete audit of water generation and usage across all points in the factory and look at ways of implementing decentralised water and waste water treatment and recycling at the point of generation. This should be coupled with water saving methodologies or process improvements like using process chemicals in paper manufacture that reduce waste water generation or water intake, use of effective cooling water treatment programme to increase cycles and reduce blow down etc. The final effluents after implementation of all such practises can be recovered in a suitable treatment plant and can also be used to generate energy from the final waste water treatment.

3 illus, 3 ref

017635   Raman T G S (NO, Seshasayee Paper & Boards Limited, , Email: Erode-638 007) : Enhanced green power generation through chemical recovery high pressure cogenertation at seshasayee paper. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 151-55.

Energy Conservation in pulp and paper mills, is not restricted to one form of energy management. Power and team Management go hand in hand, with Climate Change Development, adding as the third dimension. The paper aims at bringing out select innovative climate friendly combined heat and power (CHP) schemes relating to Chemical Recovery high pressure Cogeneration plant being successfully implemented in Seshasayee Paper. Black liquor is a Carbon Neutral fuel and hence CHP from the Chemical Recovery Cogeneration unit would be one of green energy. The 900 TPD BLS Chemical Recovery Boiler is designed with the highest operating steaming conditions in the sub-continent with high efficacy in both the phases (600 & 900 TPD BLS) of operation. In order to gain increased mileage of Carbon Neutral power, low pressure steam extraction flow is maximised with minimal steam extraction at medium pressure in the 16 MW Extraction Back pressure steam turbo-generator. The added benefit is one of increased power conversion because of reduction in desuperheating of low pressure steam after turbine nozzle, as also lowering the turbine extraction pressure by another 0.5 bar. With all of the above in place, the energy conversion to electrical power achieved is of the highest order. Since this carbon neutral power produced to the tune of around 8.5 MW-replaces grid power (derived from fossil fuel), emission reduction is estimated at <126> 4000 tC02 (equiv)/month , which certainly is of a tall order for the boiler firing 600TPD BLS. Added to the above, is the contribution to Climate Change Development by way of minimal N₂O emission in stack gas, which had been made possible through multi-air staging and high combustion temperature of Recovery Boiler. Hence Carbon Foot Print associated with the final product (paper) is greatly reduced through maximizing usage of green energy from the Recovery Cogeneration plant.

3 illus, 5 ref

017634   Rakesh U (NO, , Metsp (Automation Business Line) 1st Floor, Building No 10, Tower A DLF Cyber City, Phase-2, Gurgaon-122 002) : Optimizing consistency management in RCF processes. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 99-103.

Consistency management is one of the most critical parameters, be it a chemical pulping, TMP or RCF process, however, the challenges are severe in the RCF processes. A mix of variety of raw material leads to varied fiber type, inconsistent Ash content, ink content and lot of foreign debris. Same type of consistency measurement devices cannot be deployed at all locations in a RCF process and a lot of care is needed while selecting a sensor type for a particular application. Optimized Yield and quality are governed primarily by suitable consistency management in RCF process. Many technologies are available for consistency measurement viz. stationary blade sensors, rotating blade sensors, optical sensors and microwave sensors and every technology has it's advantage or disadvantage on a specific location. This paper is an effort to throw some light on choosing right technology at each point and help improving the yield & quality.

7 illus

017633   Parveen Kumar;Satish Kumar;Bhardwaj N K (Paper Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Saharanpur Campus), Saharanpur-247 001) : Color removal from kraft pulp bleaching wastewater using heterogeneous photocatalysis. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 203-7.

Decolorization of the kraft pulp bleaching wastewater (D/CED, D₁ED₂, D₁E_pD₂ and OD₁ED₂ bleaching sequences) with UV /TiO₂ and UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ advanced oxidation processes has been studied. The photocatalytic oxidation experiments were performed under UV radiation in a slurry-type reactor at a pH 7.0 with TiO₂ (0.5 g/L) as a catalyst and H,O, (15 mM/L) as an oxidant. Both the treatment processes were found efficient for the decolorization of the wastewater. The photodegradation efficiency improved with the addition of H₂O₂, (15 mM/L) to the UV/TiO₂ process. Promising results i.e. 95.3 % and 76.4 % color removal for D/C and E stages of DICED, 90.9 % and 88.5 % color removal for D, and E stages of D₁ED₂, 92.4 % and 90.4 % color removal for D₁, and E_p stages of D₁E_pD₂ and 98.4 % and 97.3 % color removal for D₁ and E stages of OD₁ED₂ bleaching sequences, respectively, were obtained after 4 h of treatment with UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ process. The higher color reduction was obtained with UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ process compared to UV/TiO₂ process. The highest color removal efficiency was obtained for OD₁ED₂ bleaching sequence wastewaters. The D₁ or D/C bleaching stage wastewaters were more amenable to the photocatalytic degradation as compared to the E or E_p stage.

5 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

017632   John F (NO, Parason Machinery (India) Pvt. Ltd., 28 Venkatesh Nagar, Opp. Jalna Road Aurangabad-431 001) : Efficiently refining the resources. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 205-9.

Presents currently employed methods of minimizing the refining energy requirement in the unit operation of stock preparation refining and thus increasing the efficiency of this operation. It will begin by presenting the dimensions of our resources and what we want to do with them in the refining process which is the largest consumer of energy as a unit operation in the whole papermaking process. It will then examine exactly what is the energy defined in the many refining theories as the net specific refining energy, comparing it to the energy actually required to break the various chemical bonds which occur during the refining process. The effect of the various refiner shapes disc and conical and their associated parameters on the energy consumption will be discussed along with the influence of plate patterns and material of construction. The most efficient way to operate a refining system will be addressed with a mill example.

6 illus, 1 table

017631   Jena S C;Maheswari M S;Agarwal S;Sarkar P K; Kishore V (NO, Orient Paper Industries Ltd., P.O. Amlai Paper Mills-484 117) : Zero discharge to river from an integrated pulp and paper mill - an OPM amlai, Initiative. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 195-8.

Orient Paper Mills, Amlai is an old integrated pulp and paper mill. There is a continuous effort to reduce water consumption per Ton of paper produced. The plant is a pioneer in effectively using the treated effluent for its own plantation through HRTS and do not discharge any coloured effluent in the river. The volume of non-coloured discharge to river has significantly reduced. The recent efforts of conservation and reuse of paper machine back water has added to the continual efforts of water conservation and reuse. This has resulted in reducing the discharge of treated effluent to river. More efforts are dwelled upon to adopt and upgrade the existing technology by adoption of Hot Screening of unbleached pupl and Oxygen delignification processes using Vacuum washer & Twin Roll Presses for washing. This has improved the black liquor solids & reduced te environmental impacts on reduction of effluent volume and AOX in the discharge. It is also planned to recycle the clarified & treated Grade-II effluent at the various locations. The pertinent efforts and endeavors can make the first Indian integrated pulp & paper mill zero discharge mill in India.

5 illus

017630   Jain R K;Thakur V V;Pandey D;Adhikari D K; Dixit A K;Mathur R M (NO, Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Saharanpur-247 001) : Bioethanol from bagasse pith a lignocellulosic waste biomass from paper/sugar industry. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 169-73.

Bio fuels produced form various lignocellulosic biomass such as agro forest residues have been recognized to have tential, to be available substitute for or compliment to gasolines. These Biofuels derived from plant materials have the potential to address the two main issues carbon neutral and renewable. In addition they are an integral part of the emerging 'bio-economy' where plant material is used to produce specific chemicals and bulk industrial products. Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute in association with Indian Institute of Petroleum has been working & exploring the possibility of utilization of pith, available as a soiled waste biomass in paper and sugar industry, as a source of Bio-Ethanol. Efforts were made to achieve maximum prehydrolysis and sachharification efficiency to obtain higher yields of furmentable sugars and ethanol. The present paper describes the preliminary findings of the study for exploring the possibility of conversion of bagasse pith into Bio-Ethanol. Thereby, helping in meeting out the ever increasing demand of much needed ethanol needed for blending the gasoline. This should also help in addressing the problem of global warming and concern form GHG emissions there by improving the energy & environment status ofthe country.

3 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

017629   Gupta S;Chakrabarti S K;Singh S;Varadhan R (NO, Thapar Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : Effect of varying load of organochlorine compounds on activated sludge process. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 175-9.

Pulp and paper mills generate an appreciable amount of organochlorine compounds collectively expressed as "AOX" (adsorbable organic halogens). These compounds have varying degree of toxicity. In the present study the impact of AOX compounds on performance and microbial community structure in activated sludge process have been presented. Three laboratory scale reactors based on activated sludge process were run continuously with varying load of AOX compounds. Well dense structure of microbial floes started breaking and resulted in diffused and pin point floes when operated at higher AOX load of 84ñ3 g/m³/day. Though the AOX reduction remained more or less same in the range of 39-46 % at lower (14- 33 g/m³/day) and higher AOX load but there was 5-7 % less COD reduction at higher AOX load. The sludge volume index (SVI) value was above 100 at higher AOX load. During biodegradation, the major mode of AOX removal was mineralization and only 1.6-2.3% AOX compounds were adsorbed on waste activated sludge. The concentration of AOX compounds in sludge was dependent on the AOX concentration in influent. Excess sludge generation was 0.29±0.05 and 0.18±0.06 g/g of CODs removal during low to moderate and higher AOX load respectively.

3 illus, 7 tables, 13 ref

017628   Goel M C;Ratho B P;Mahana A (JK Paper Ltd. Unit-JKPM, , Jayakaypur-765 017) : Clean development mechanism for pulp and paper industry & JKPL experience. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 161-3.

Paper Industry generates Green House Gases (GHGs) in many stage of its operation; there is scope for implementation of CDM Project preferably in Forestry sector. JKPL's NR CDM Project under LULUCF (Land Use and Land Use Change and Forestry) category aims at GHG mitigation and sell emission reductions earned through carbon sequestration in the established agro-forestry plantations. JKPL, Rayagada and VCCSL (Social Enterprise), Kakinada have jointly developed such a project which will enable small and marginal farmers in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to earn carbon revenues through linkage with the global carbon credit market by afforesting their degraded lands. The project covers about 1600 beneficiaries in three districts Koraput, Kalahandi, and Rayagada, in Orissa and Vishakhapatnam, Vizainagram and Srikakulum districts in Andhra Pradesh. The project is one of its kind in India & gives an insight into various processes associated in such projects such as PDD formulation, Baseline assessment, land eligibility, project area boundary demarcation, proving of additionality, continuous monitoring etc. to meet the stringent UNFCCC guidelines which are quite difficult under Indian conditions. This will be an eye opener for the Indian Paper industries for implementation of CDM NR project which can be a win-win situation for the farmer community as well as the Industry.

3 illus, 3 ref

017627   Garnaik S;Thapliyal B P;Mathur R M (Bureau of Energy Efficiency, , New Delhi) : Perform achieve and trade (PAT) - a market-basad mechanism for energy efficiency in pulp and paper mills. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 235-38.

Union Cabinet has recently approved the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE). The Mission will usher in the four new initiatives to significantly scale up implementation of energy efficiency in India. The flagship of the Mission is the Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) mechanism, which is a market-based mechanism to make improvements in energy efficiency in energy-intensive large industries (known as Designated Consumers) making them more cost-effective by certification of energy savings that could be traded. The PAT mechanism is designed for the industries to achieve the legal obligations under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 (Ammended), and also to provide necessary market based incentives to overachieve the targets set for them. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has carried out background work to design a transparent, flexible, efficient and robust system for the PAT mechanism. The key issues considered for the [mal preparations of the mechanism are: Methodology for target setting for each sector Monitoring and verification, in particular the identification of verification agencies that would be assigned by BEE for this purpose. The manner of trading of the energy saving certificates, in particular instruments that could increase liquidity in the system. In the present article, broad principles on the above mentioned issues and several other related issues that are important in the overall implementation of the PAT scheme in pulp and paper sector are discussed.

2 illus, 4 tables, 1 ref

017626   Ekambaram M;Kandasamy M (Servallo Engineering Works Pvt. Ltd., , Post: Karmadai-641 104) : Energy efficient practices for Indian paper mills. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 123-33.

With the present trends in Energy resources availability, Technological developments, Business competition & Environmental aspects, it has become imperative to save energy however small it may be. The Paper Mills, Government & Technological and Professional associations can surely join the hands together to attain best results in Energy savings. The paper mills may also acknowledge the virtues of internationally time tested standard operational practices like selection of vendors, equipments, adapting to impeccable maintenance & housekeeping practices etc. to achieve best efficiencies in business operations. Collective Energy saving of approx. 20% is a distinct possible dream to be achieved by the joint efforts of by the Paper mills & the Professional and Technological associations. It is mandatory at this juncture and in these times to have a main industrial segment operational objective of true "Energy Conservation" policy and work towards implementing this policy for running a very healthy & economically viable operations.

21 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

017625   Durairaj S;Durairaj S (Civil Engineering Dep, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, Email: shri_sivakumar@hotmail.com) : Colour removal from textile industry wastewater using low cost adsorbents. Int J chem envir pharm Res 2012, 3(1), 52-7.

Experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption capacities of locally available low cost bio-adsorbents like neem leaves, orange peels, peanut hulls and coconut coir pith powders to remove colour in a textile industry wastewater. Conducted the experiments at pH of 7 with different process parameters like adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time and agitator speed using batch adsorption method. From the experimental investigations, the maximum colour from the textile industry wastewater was obtained at an optimum adsorbent dosage of 300 mg, an optimum contact time of 75 min., an optimum temperature of 330 K and an optimum agitator speed of 600 rpm.Further, from the validation experiments, it was found that the maximum colour removal percentage in textile industry wastewater is about 74.2, 79.3, 85.6 and 80.7 % respectively for neem leaves, orange peels, peanut hulls and coconut coir pith powders. This result was higher than the results obtained by different I process parameters for various bio-adsorbents. Finally, from the results of adsorption study, it was concluded that I bio-adsorbents used as a coagulant for removing the colour from textile industry wastewater especially peanut hulls I powder because of its higher adsorptive capacity than other bio-adsorbents used in this study.

7 tables, 26 ref

017624   Christophe H;Chandraghatgi R;Singh A (Advanced Fiber Technologies Elof Hansson (India) Pvt. Ltd., , Old No. 69-C, New No.149 Chamiers Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai-600 028) : Reduced power consumption in pulp screening. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 117-21.

Advanced pulp screen rotor technology has been shown to provide substantial power reductions in a wide range of mill applications. Savings are obtained with only modest investments, since one typically needs only to replace the screen rotor and reduce rotor speed. In addition to saving power, benefits of using advanced rotor technology can include increased screen capacity, improved runnability and reduced screen wear. Several mill case studies are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of this screen rotor technology. In one particular case, the AFT GHCTM rotor was shown to provide 54% power savings and a 27% increase in volumetric screen capacity relative to the original screen rotor. Thickening factor was reduced from 1.40 to 1.18, which provides a direct benefit in "runnability". The advanced rotor technology also enabled the mill to use a 0.15 mm slot compared to a minimum slot width of 0.20 mm with the older screen rotor. The smaller slot led to shive removal efficiency increasing from 77.9% to 90.4%. Fundamental studies played a key role in guiding the development of the advanced rotor technology, which has now been applied in over 1000 pulp and paper mills worldwide. The combination of practical experience and fundamental understanding has proven critical to the success of this equipment. Pulp screens are the most efficient means of removing oversize debris and ensuring the quality of pulp and paper products. The cylinder and rotor within the pulp screen are the engineered components that determine performance. The drive to use ever-smaller slot widths and achieve a more nearly-complete removal of oversize debris is balanced by the need to preserve screen capacity and runnability. Rotor speed may be increased to ensure capacity. Increased rotor speed, however, significantly increases power consumption and may also lead to increased wear on the screen cylinder, which increases operating and maintenance costs. At the same time, many mills are looking for opportunities to reduce energy consumption. Pulp screening technology has advanced significantly in recent years and this is especially true for screen rotor technology. These advances have provide an opportunity to reduce power consumption, increase capacity, improve runnability, and use smaller cylinder apertures. The intent of this paper is to describe one such advancement in screening technology and to describe some examples of where it was put into practice in industry.

5 illus, 8 ref

017623   Chinnaraj S;Vijayakumar T;Senthil K M; Subrahmanyam S V (Research and Development Div, Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd., Kagithapuram, Karur-639 136) : Carbon footprint reduction strategies and efforts by TNPL. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 147-50.

Indian Paper industries are now constantly working to become more eco friendly by effective utilization of resources such as water, energy and both fibrous and non fibrous raw materials and also reducing emissions, waste and wastewater discharge. In the same line, TNPL initiated many innovative measures to reduce energy consumption and to reduce the carbon foot print. The major efforts and innovations taken by TNPL are Methane Extraction and fuel conservation Project, Commissioning of state-of-the- art energy efficient Paper Machine No: 3, Installation of Energy Efficient Chemical Recovery Boiler, Implementation of new hard wood fibre line, Installation of Shoe press in the paper machine No 1 and 2, Utilization of Renewable fuel in the power boiler, Carbon sequestration through farm forestry and captive plantation and other such as, 35.5 MW wind farm, Replaced all CFC based air-conditioners in the factory, Blow heat recovery system and Energy efficient aerators in wastewater treatment plant. TNPL is also in the process of putting up a satellite PCC plant, biogas reactor for industrial canteen and guest house waste and biomass gasification which can further reduce the GHG emission. Further the company has proposed to replace three old low pressure boiler with a new high capacity boiler and installation of a mini cement plant for utilizing lime sludge generated from recovery cycle and fly ash generated from the power boilers. Apart from the above TNPL has established a Climate Change and CDM Cell in the year 2005 to work in the areas of climate change, CDM and carbon trading and registered a first CDM project in the pulp and paper industry during January 2006.

7 tables, 10 ref

017622   Campos A;Teixeira E M;Marconcini J M;Chiou B S;Orts W J;Wood D;Mattoso L H C;Imam S H (Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegocio (LNNA), , Embrapa Instrumentacao (EMBRAPA) - Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil, Email: syed.imam@ars.usda.gov) : Starch/polycaprolactoe-containing composites reinforced withpre-treated sisal fibers. Curr Trends Polym Sci 2011, 15(1), 89-99.

Composites based on thermoplastic cornstarch (TPS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were reinforced with 5, 10 and 20% (wt%) of pretreated sisal fiber. The impact of the addition of sisal fiber on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of composites was investigated. The addition of 5-10% fibers in composites exhibited improved mechanical and thermal properties attributed to more efficient dispersibility of fiber in the matrix and good compatibility between fibers and the matrix polymers, which also led to increased crystallinity and caused composite to be more rigid. The DSC and X-ray diffraction studies suggested interaction between polymers in the blend via carboxyl groups in thermoplastic starch-PCL and hydroxyl groups in fibers. An increase in storage energy was also observed from the DMTA studies, indicating mobility reduction in the polymer chains. Crystallization of PCL was apparent in the TPS/PCL blends but not in TPS/PCL composites with the added fibers, suggesting that sisal fibers hindered the crystallization of PCL in composites.

8 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

017621   Bajpai P K (NO, Thapar University, Thapar Technology Campus, Patiala-147 004) : Emerging applications of enzymes for energy saving in pulp & paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 181-6.

Pulp and paper industry is an energy-intensive process industry where energy contributes 18-25% of the manufacturing cost. Due to shortages in energy availability and increase in energy cost, cost, energy conservation has become a necessity in the paper industry. Any process that significantly decreases the energy requirement in the pulp and paper process will have a significant beneficial effect on the overall energy input. Recently, there has been increased awareness of biotechnological processes, especially enzymatic processes in the pulp and paper industry to reduce the energy consumption and improve the product quality. The emerging applications of enzymes like pulp bleaching, refining of pulp to reduce the refining energy and improve the papermaking process and product, drainage aid to reduce energy and increase paper production capacity, enzymatic deinking, enzymatic pretreatment of wood chips/ other raw materials for mechanical and chemical pulping to reduce energy/ chemicals and improve pulp yield and quality, enzymatic removal of extractives to reduce pitch problems, enzymes in removing shives and vessels, in stickies control. etc. have great potential in pulp and paper industry.

1 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

017620   Agarwal N K;Gsoswami S;Bhavsar Ranjit;Dode D D (NO, J K Paper Ltd., Unit: CPM P.O. Central Pulp Mills, Fort Songadh, Dist Tapi, Gujarat) : Total energy saving adopted in JK paper ltd. - unit : CPM, Gujarat. IPPTA Jl 2011, 23(1), 139-46.

India is a Developing nation. Its per capita Energy Consumption is very low. To achieve Economic Growth need to and have to use more and more energy to increase the pace of development. We need to increase the manufacturing of quality goods in Volume. It is estimated that Industrial energy use in developing countries constitutes about 45-50 % of the total commercial energy consumption. Much of this energy is converted from imported oil, the price of which has increased tremendously so much so that most of developing countries spent more than 50 % of their foreign exchange earnings. Notwithstanding these fiscal constraints, developing countries need to expand its industrial base if it has to generate the resources to improve the quality of life of its people. The expansion of industrial base does require additional energy inputs which become more & more difficult in the present scenario. Generation of power needs resources. Resources available on earth are of Diminishing Nature. It is getting depleted very fast with time as usage is increasing exponentially. There are some resources, which are Renewable e.g. Solar Power, Wind Power and Geothermal Power. In this competitive world, cost competitiveness is very essential for survival of every individual. To establish any work/ motive or task, energy in one or other form is an essential component.

11 ref

016547   Nayak L;Nag D;Das S;Ray D P;Lakshamanan Ammayappan (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology 12, Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040, Email: laxmikanta8495@rediffmail.com) : Utilisation of sisal fibre (Agave sisalana L.). Agric Rev 2011, 32(2), 150-2.

Sisal is a perennial plant identified by its 50 - 150 thick, spiky, long and rigid spirally arranged leaves. Upon maturation, pale yellow/shiny white fibre can be extracted from leaves by retting followed by washing and drying. Easy to raise on wastelands in a wide range of agro-climates, sustained fibre yield for a considerable long duration and versatility of the fibre as a potential input material for various applications makes it a viable option for e

^iia1 table, 7 ref

016546   John S;Amsamani R (Costume Design & Fashion Dep, Bishop Appasamy College, Coimbatore-641 012) : Consumer preference for garment styles. Res Highlight 2011, 21(3), 144-52.

10 tables, 8 ref

016545   Ammayappan L;Shakyawar D B;Krofa D;Pareek P K;Basu G (Mechanical Processing Div, NIRJAFT, Kolkata-700 040, Email: lammayappan@yahoo.co.in) : Value addition of pashmina products:present status and future perspectives. Agric Rev 2011, 32(2), 91-101.

Pashmina fibre has its celebratory both in national and international level due to the development of high fashion garments and novelty products. Pashmina products are mainly produced by the skilled artisans in small scale cottage sector of Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh with their traditional technologies since 1700's, Artisans are devoting more man time for each product. However they did not fetch worthful remuneration for their skills since there is no proper marketing of the Pashmina products. Pashmina fibre has similar characteristics to fine wool, even though there is no novel finishes streamlined for their products. The development of novel value addition for pashmina products can meet out the requirements of fashion fabrics. It can also fetch more income for artisans those are involved in pashmina products. This paper highlights the conventional processing involved in value addition of pashmina products with focuse on their future prospective for improving their demand.

^iia1 table, 2 illus, 50 ref

015433   Verma P;Bhardwaj N K;Chakraborti S K (Thapar Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, P.O. Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : Enzymatic upgradation of secondary fibres. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 133-6.

Enzymatic technologies provide a natural solution for various problems encountered in the papermaking process. The key to a successful enzyme application is the careful selection of the right enzymes for a mill's

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

015432   Tripathi S;Mishra O P;Sharma N;Chakrabarti S K;Varadhan R (Thapar Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Research and Competency Division in Pulp & Paper, Yamunanagar-135 001) : Efficacy of some carbohydrate protectors during pulping on pulp yield. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 113-16.

Efficacy of several chemicals viz. sodium borohydride, sodium hydrosulfite, HEDP (1-hydroxy ethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid), ethylene di amine (EDA), hypophosphorus acid (HPA), sulphamic acid (SA) and urea as protector of carbohydrates during pulping of eucalyptus is presented in this paper. By using sodium borohydride in pulping an increase of 1-2% in pulp yield and 1.7-4.4 unit reduction in pulp kappa was obtained; at same kappa number the pulp yield was improved by 2.3% with significant improvement in pulp viscosity. Use of sodium hydrosulfite during pulping also improves pulp yield by 0.6-1.0% with no significant difference in the pulp viscosity. Use of HEDP improves pulp yield by 0.4% with improved brightness of pulp. Use of Urea during pulping improves screened pulp yield by 0.6-1.0% and viscosity of pulp by 1.8-2.1 cp compared to control one. Black liquor properties like swelling volume ratio and viscosity also get improved with the use of urea.

6 tables, 6 illus

015431   Thorat P R;Kale R V (P.G. Microbiology Dep, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi-413 411, Maharashtra) : Biotransformation of yellow 4G and orange 2R textile dyes by acclimatized aerobic bacteria. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2010, 9(3), 556-68.

Degradation of the textile dyes viz., Yellow 4G and Orange 2R was carried out using acclimatized soil bacterial isolates. The microbial flora from soil was acclimatized to the dyes and six promising organisms were isolated, which could decolorize 1000 λg/mL of dyes to more than 91.00% in nutrient medium in less than 24 hours. The percent decolorization of the dyes was determined by spectrophotometry. The six isolates reduced COD more than 75%. The degradation products formed after degradation were analysed by GC-MS technique and it was found that these cultures together degraded Yellow 4G and Orange 2R to the products having molecular weights 149,65, 60, 57, 43, 41 and 271,159,145,107,102, 91, 81,61, 55,43 and 41 respectively.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

015430   Tarafder N (NO, Consultant, Kolkatta) : Functional finishes for textiles and apparels. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(9), 309-12.

The world of textile industry is going through revolutionary changes aimed at the unique needs of the modern customers. Value addition to textile clothing has changed the global textile scenario. Market for fragrant clothing has also been expanded and due to increase in awareness about health and hygiene, people increasingly want their clothing to be hygienically fresh. Utilizing the sense of smell by building a fragrance into a textile or garment can stimulate a powerful and emotive sense. Aromatherapy is the complementary alternative health system. Technology represents the one critical route in doing so.

10 ref

015429   Sumithra M;Vasugi Raja N (Costume Design and Fashion Dep, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore) : Multifunctional properties for the herbal finished denim variants. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(12), 433-38.

Eco-friendly Multifunctional finishing of textile has been provided with the consumers increasingly awareness towards the health and hygiene. Consumers worldwide are looking for clothing, which provides greater comfort and remains fresh and odor-free in use. In this paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the importance of herbal finishes to the Denim fabric using Methanolic extracts of Jatropha leaves and Seena Auriculata and Aqueous extract of Euphorbia Hirta by exhaustion method to enhance the multifunctional property. This work will throw more light on the value addition and marketability of the Denim related products.

5 illus, 7 tables, ref

015428   Srivastava M;Udawat P;Gupta P;Mishra S K; Gupta K C (NO, College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur) : Dyeing of silk with natural dye extracted from rheum emodi with different mordants. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(8), 273-8.

In the present investigation silk fabric have been dyed with colourant extracted from Rheum emodi, using hot and cold percolation method in presence of various natural and metallic mordants. The rhizome of R.emodi were dried under shade and pulverized to powder form. The percentage extractive of methanol extract using hot percolation with methanol was 27.55% which was more than cold percolation 23.9%. So hot percolation was preferred for extraction of dye from powdered rhizome of R. emodi. A wide range of shades ranging from yellow to olive green were obtained with significant improvement in depth of shades. From the results of fastness grade it is concluded that the samples mordanted with natural mordants i.e, Harda and Amla were excellent which was followed by Anar, Bahera and Kattha and with metallic mordants i.e. ferrous sulphate & stannous chloride having excellent fastness properties towards sunlight. Wash fastness was found good for alum and potassium dichromate followed by ferrous sulphate and stannous chloride. Among natural mordants Anar, Harda exhibited good was fastness followed by Baheda and Katha.

11 ref

015427   Sriram S;Barathi G (NO, M/s Seshasayee Paper & Boards Limited, Erode-638 007) : SPB'S approach on water conservation in paper machine a case study. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 147-50.

Though the total amount of water on this planet has never changed, the nature of that water is changing. Immigration, population growth and climate change are affecting the way we all think about our relationship with the world's water supply. And by 2050. when the world's population is expected to peak at about 9.4 billion people, it is conceivable that water could become one of the world's scarcest and most valuable commodities. Water isn't just a societal issue it also affects businesses around the world. There is an ever increasing awareness that water resources, which are mobile, renewable natural resources, exist in limited quantities. The continuous and indefinite expansion of water uses is not possible. A situation of stability in the use of the water that is currently available must be sought. This should be one of the main strategic goals of a long-term water management policy. There is an urgent need to find ways of saving, reusing and recycling water, and to develop methodologies to improve water resource management. This paper describes SPB's approach on Water Conservations and its benefits in Paper Machine.

9 illus, ref

015426   Sreenivasa;Javalli U;Ravikumar D (Cocoon Testing Center, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Govt, Cocoon Market, B.M.Road, Ramanagaram-571 511) : Application of natural dye-annato on tasar silk fabric. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(5), 152-4.

Natural dyes being environmental friendly are most preffered dyes these days. Out of them Annato dye is one of the valuable gift to mankind. In the present paper studies conducted on application of annato dye on silk is reported.

3 tables, 3 ref

015425   Sood Y V;Tyagi R;Tyagi S;Tandon R;Kaushik P; Saini P (NO, Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Post Box No. 174, Saharanpur-247 001) : Improving the quality of newsprint from recycled fibres. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 137-41.

Quality of newsprint from recycled fibers can be improved by optimization of furnish composition, deinking process, fines retention and calendaring operations of paper making. To manufacture good quality newsprint its furnish should preferably have at least 50% mechanical pulp component. Deinking of newspapers printed using ink having high amount of pigment vehicle can better be carried out using chemical with composition sodium soap of fatty acid containing copolymer based on ethylene propylene oxide plus emulsifier than commonly used sodium soap of fatty acid with sodium silicate. Better smoothness, gloss and printing characteristics in recycled fibers containing newsprint can be obtained by soft nip calendaring as compared to hard nip calendaring. Polyethylene amine type retention aid is more effective in retention of fines in paper as compared to alum or polyaluminium chloride commonly used in such mills. Retention of fines helps in improving surface characteristics of newsprint. Results show that linting problem of newsprint which is one of serious problems being faced by printer during printing can better be controlled by installation of wet end starch application system at press roll of paper machine than starch addition during stock preparation.

3 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

015424   Sivaram S;Mehrotra A K (NO, M/s Seshasayee Paper & Boards Ltd., Erode-638 007) : WCM for manufacturing excellence & competitive advantage. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 91-3.

Vision & Mission of an organization can be achieved only with role model Leadership at every level in the organization. Individuals are effective only when they work in Teamy and take Ownership of the process. Teams give their best when they are Challenged and Inspired - a stimulus for best performance, recognition and pride. World Class Manufacturing (WCM) is a proven approach which transforms organizations and enhances its competitiveness in all the business fronts. It is a proven concept for Quality & Productivity Improvement.

015423   Singhal D K (NO, Chandpur Enterprises Ltd., Sargam Theatre, Chandpur-246 725) : Primer to enzyme activity and related terminology. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 169-70.

With increasing use of enzymes, it becomes necessary to understand some fundamentals of enzyme activity and related terminology. The basic purpose of the article is to educate the (both present and future) consumers of enzyme about these.

4 ref

015422   Shevchenko Sergey M;Duggirala Prasad Y (Nalco Company, Paper Services Division, 1601 W.Diehl Road) : Deposit management for the bleach plant. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 135-40.

Scale formation on pulp bleaching equipment typically brings inefficiencies to the pulping process because of downtime losses, higher utility costs, and corrosion. Nalco deposit management technology for bleach plants is based on a synergistic approach combining deposit monitoring, scale inhibitor application and operational best practices. Proprietary deposit inhibitors are designed to address all major deposit issues caused by typical bleach plant scales such as calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, and barium sulfate. The application of chemical inhibitors extends the time between shutdowns for cleaning, thus reducing operational costs. This also minimizes the effect of wood supply variability on the mill's operation. We use proprietary monitoring methods and tools based on microbalance technology for deposit inhibitor dose optimization, trial evaluation and studying of the effect of process conditions on the deposit propensity of the media. Examples of the multidimensional approach are discussed, including benchtop assessment and field implementation of antiscale and boilout chemistries, optimization of deposit control programs, and giving an advance warning of process problems.

7 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

015421   Shekhar D C (NO, Parason Machinery (I) Pvt. Ltd., Parason House, 28 Venkatesh Nagar, Opp. Jalna Road, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Usage of fine bars for optimizing secondary fiber processing in refining system. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(4), 107-11.

Refining plays an important role in stock preparation the complete paper making process. Next to raw material selection, it has the greatest influence on final product quality. The new finer bar width and narrower grooves, resulting in increased cutting edge length (CEL). The fine bar design secures a reduction in specific edge load (SEL). Obtain optimum strength properties with low intensity refining for Recycled fiber.

6 ref

015420   Sharma K D (NO, ITC Limited, Paperboards and Specialty Papers Division, Unit:Bhadrachalam, Sarapaka, Andhra Pradesh) : ITC'S experience with light ECF bleaching (ozone). IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 131-4.

ITC PSPD Unit - Bhadrachalam is the first mill in India to introduce the Ozone Bleaching Technology for bleaching of pulp. The ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) technology exists in the mill since last seven years. This paper will be confined to the Ozone Bleaching Technology, highlighting the advantages over normal ECF technology. The process of Ozone Bleaching along with Ozone gas circuit is explained with process flow charts. The principles and functioning of the ozone generator are discussed. Parameters influencing the bleaching process, such as consistency, temperature, pH, retention time are elaborated along with their significance in the reaction. The benefits of Ozone Bleaching Technology, viz., reduction in chlorine dioxide and Hydrogen Peroxide consumption, better pulp quality, improved strength properties and reduction in AOX generation are quantified, establishing that this technology is technically, environmentally and commercially superior to conventional ECF technology. The runnability of paper machines improved with Ozone beached pulp.

3 illus, 3 tables, ref

015419   Sharma A;Arora C (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science and Central Agricultural Univ, Tura, Meghalaya) : Screen printing skill development to the weavers of Uttaranchal for sustainable development. Man Made Text India 2011, 54(7), 233-7.

The article focuses on the skill development of artisans of northern India through training in screen printing. Effect of training was observed over the printers and weavers with respect to value addition and marketing of their products.

4 ref

015418   Seppo S;Kaarlo T (NO, Raumaster Paper OY, Rauma, Finland) : Complete roll finishing concept. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 95-7.

The global paper industry is currently under considerable pressure. "Business as usual" is no longer an option, and many>paper producers will need to rationalize their business to survive. They have to continuously lower the cost base of their products by eliminating bottlenecks and waste from production processes. Application of a new technology is an option to address these growing pressures. We introduce here an alternative to conventional roll finishing technology that meets the challenge of constantly increasing costs. Complete roll finishing concept integrates parent reel handling, winding, core handling, roll handling & wrapping, broke handling, warehousing, sheeter operations, vehicle loading and related automation into a complete single supplier delivery. The main target of the new concept is to improve the productivity of the paper finishing processes. We can provide all products and services from the efficient system layout engineering to skilled site supervision and training. The complete roll finishing solution can be applied to both new and existing processes and it can be delivered also step by step as per each customer's needs.

6 illus, ref

015417   Sen A K (NO, DMSRDE, Kanpur) : Nanofinishing of textiles. Man Made Text India 2011, 39(11), 401-07.

Innovative textiles with interesting physical properties have a long history. Relatively easy synthesis and availability of nano particles has led to its application in textile finishing in recent years. Nano particles impart certain fascinating properties to textiles. These include ultraviolet protection, self cleaning property, lotus leaf structure, flame retardancy, etc. Commercialization of nanofinished textile is still in nascent stage. Attempt has been made in this paper to present a comprehensive review on the R & D activity in this area.

3 illus, 66 ref

015416   Ray A K;Juneja P K;Dhote A;Bawari M;Kumar R (Paper Technology Dep, IIT Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-247 001) : Control of brown stock washing process in a paper mill using ANN strategy. IPPTA Jl 2010, 22(1), 99-103.

Brown Stock Washing (BSW) is a complex multi-variable continuous process where there is a need to control variables that are not directly or instantaneously controllable. Most of the conventional control systems for BSW process utilize individual PID loops to control several process variables. The set points for each loop are determined by process experts. Artificial Neural Networks provide a powerful tool for the process control and overcomes the problems of the prior art, including manual control and statistical control. In the present work, Artificial Neural Network model was developed using Single Perceptron Algorithm and Back Propagation Algorithm. The process variables were identified and their values were generated using known mathematical relationships for supervised learning and for unsupervised learning for which the range of values were taken from M/s Star Paper Mills Ltd, Saharanpur, India. Then the neural network was trained from the set of values generated through random reference.

8 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref