020926   Purwar S;Pant S (NO, , Clothing & Textiles Dep, Faculty of Home Science, Banasthali Univ) : Durability of natural and synthetic antimicrobial finishes. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(5), 165-9.

Washing durability of natural and synthetic antimicrobial finishes against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigates was compared. Antimicrobial agents were applied on the cotton fabric by pad-dry-cure and exhaustion method. Antimicrobial activity was determined using AATCC test method-100-1998 and AATCC test method-30-1993. The results indicate that the samples treated with antimicrobial agents considerably retained antimicrobial properties up to 15 washes.

4 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

020925   Pal J;Deb M K (School of Studies in Chemistry, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur-492 010, Email: debmanas@yahoo.com) : Effective renoval of brillant green dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto biopolymer supported silver nanoparticles beads. J Indian Chem Soc 2012, 89(12), 1689-95.

Deals with the adsorption of Brilliant Green (BG), a cationic dye, on alginate stabilized silver nanoparticles beads. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by a simple green method. The microwave irradiation process was applied to the preparation of alginate stabilized silver nanoparticles. The alginate gel is as both reducing and stabilizing agent. The resulting silver nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like initial concentration, contact time and initial pH on the removal of BG. Optimum conditions for BG removal were found to be solution of pH <126>3 and equilibrium time <126>40 min for the initial concentration range of 5-30 mg/L. The mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constant were evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. Equilibrium data fitted very well with both Freundlich and the Langmuir models. The pseudo first and second order kinetic models were also applied to the experimental data. The maximum sorption capacity of alginate stabilized silver nanoparticles for BG at 5 ppm test level was found to be 99% at room temperature.

5 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

020924   Malik T;Barhanpurkar S (NO, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science, Indore) : Ingeo fibre: properties, uses and applications. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(6), 194-8.

Ingeo has lustre like silk. Its physical and chemical properties are excellent. Ingeo is naturally flame retardant. On comparing with other fibres and other renewable fibres the fibres is proved to be a better option for manufacturers and consumers. The paper describes about the Ingeo fibres properties and its industrial applications.

1 table, 8 ref

020923   Janarthanan M;Palaniappan A N;Boopathi N; Vijay D;Raja K (NO, Angel College of Engg. and Tech, Tirupur) : Comparison of draping properties of different fabrics with plain seam. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(5), 157-9.

Drape is a unique property that allows a fabric to best in more than one direction with double curvature. For many years, textile researchers studied this attribute in order to evaluate the drape appearance of garments. However fabric drape can be more realistically investigated by its limited. The project deals with a fundamental drape analysis of seamed fabric using drape meter with 3 different fabrics such as, cotton, polyester and melange.

1 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

020922   Harini D;Sharada Devi A;Anitha D (Apparel and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Saifabad, Hyderabad-500 004, Email: dsr_harini@yahoo.com) : Non-woven drapery lining and ultra violet resistance. J Res-ANGRAU 2012, 40(3), 33-6.

To overcome the negative effects of UV radiation in-households, a study had been undertaken to formulate a suitable non-woven drapery lining fabric with UV protective finish. Non-woven fabrics were manufactured through needle punching technique with different combinations of cotton, virgin polyester and recycled polyester fibres. Inorganic UV blocking agent ZnO nano particles were selected for UV resistance finish. Finishing process was carried out through pad-dry-cure technique. This study revealed that finished fabrics composed of 50% cotton-50% recycled polyester, 30% cotton- 70% recycled polyester and 30% cotton- 70% virgin polyester scored maximum UPF of 50+ and were found more suitable for drapery lining fabrics.

4 tables, 6 ref

020921   Gupta K K (NO, DMSRDE, G T Road, Kanpur) : Mathematical modeling for fabric parameter setting. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(6), 199-201.

For realization of fabric into practice with specific intended purpose, we require certain basic cloth calculations pertaining to no of threads per inch, denier of yarn, weight range of fabric and its cover factor to achieve desired aesthetic properties. 'Mathematical Modeling for Fabric Parameter Setting is a technical article representing the graphical solution (trend lines) based on these fundamental cloth calculations thereby we can select no of threads per inch (warp and weft) in desired denier of yarn to weave a fabric in specific weight (gsm) range and cover factor. In general, we are familiar with the cloth calculations for the conventional textiles fibre i.e. nylon, polyester, acrylic, cotton, wool, etc, where density ranges from 1.0-1.5 and packing fraction of yarn from 0.55-0.65 with moderate cover factor (16-20). But if we want to design a fabric using non-conventional textile fibre (stainless steel fibre) whose density is 7.8 and packing fraction varying from 0.75 - 0.85, these calculations do not provide practically acceptable information and resulting fabric based on these information is far away than predicted one. This is because the denier of SS yarn is 5.2 times coarser than cotton with similar construction and diameter. So, we need a model to design a fabric in specific weight range and cover factor. In this article, a modeling has been done to predict the no of threads per inch and its denier for the fabric in weight range of 100, 150 and 200 gsm with cover factor of 12, 14, 16&18.

2 illus, 4 tables, 3 ref

020920   Ghosh P;Subba R (Natural Product and Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, North Bengal Univ, Darjeeling-734 013, Email: pizyl2@yahoo.com) : Reaction of 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (16-DPA) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. J Indian Chem Soc 2012, 89(12), 1733-5.

Reaction of 16-DPA (1) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) on activated silica gives selectively the 5,6-epoxy derivative 2 of 1 with an excellent yield of 91.75% whereas no selectivity was observed in solution phase reaction and a diepoxy (5,6 and 16,17) derivative 3 (as an isomeric mixture) is obtained.

^ssc24 ref

020919   Basuk M;Bahuguni R S (NO, Wool Research Association, Thane, Mumbai) : Flame retardant wool based fabrics for home textile and automobile interiors. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(6), 1879-93.

Textile industry has undergone a major re-orientation towards non apparel applications for example interior textiles. Specialty fabrics account for 40% of the global production and consumption of textiles are growing at the rate of 4% annually. The safety conscious people paved the way for development of flame retardant fabrics which do not catch fire quickly and even when ignited fire will not spread due to self extinguishing property of these textiles. Commonly used flame retardant fibres are Kevlar, Basofil, Nomex, Kynol, F.R. polyester, F.R. Viscose, Kanecaron (Modacrylic), F.R. Acrylic, Trevira, Glass fibre, etc. This paper is a research work on the development of wool based interior textiles as wool which is a natural protein fibre and has flame retardant property having limiting oxygen index (LOI) 25 and can be blended well with inherently flame retardant fibres. Currently use of wool in interior textiles is limited so the objective is to increase consumption of wool in interiors. Interior fabrics were developed using homogeneous yarn on ring spinning system.

4 tables, 8 ref

019925   Thalouth A E;Rekaby M;Ibrahim M A;Ragheb A A; ElMoaty A R A (Textile Div, National Research Centre, Egypt) : Printing of wool, silk and cotton fabric samples using natural dye extracted from fenugreek seeds and thickened with different thickening agent. Man Made Text India 2012, 40(4), 121-7.

Fenugreek seeds gum, which is mainly galactomannan was used succes sfully as thickening agent for textile printing after treatment with sodium hydr oxide. Natural dye was extracted from the same seeds and used in printing of woo l, silk and cotton fabrics. Different colour ranges could be obtained from fenug reek peel extract using different mordants. Irrespective of the nature of the fa bric used, the colour ranges from yellow to olive green. In case of cotton fabri cs, the highest K/S was obtained when tannic acid was used as a mordant. While i n case of protein fabrics, i.e. wool and silk, all of the mordants cause a remar kable effect on the K/S; however the highest value was obtained on using tannic acid also. In all cases also, the colour fastness properties, i.e. for washing, rubbing or perspiration are quite satisfactory for practical purposes where it r anges between 2-3 to 4-5.

7 tables, 13 ref

019924   Sumithra M;Raaja N V (Costume Design and Fashion Dep, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore) : Nano encapsulation finishes on denim fabric. Man Made Text India 2012, 40(4), 131-4.

In this article an attempt has been made to approach of developing antimicrobial finishes using natural herbs. The three herbal extracts of Ricinus communis, Senna auriculata and Euphorbia were applied on 100% cotton Denim fabrics directly by using pad dry cure method. The antimicrobial activity of the finished fabrics was assessed against bacteria that normally exist like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. To enhance the durability of the finished fabric, nano encapsulation of the herbal extracts were performed and the results showed good resistance for microbes even after 30 industrial washes.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

019923   Srivastava M;Udawat P;Kumar A (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, MPUAT, Udaipur) : Acceptability assessment of developed protective clothing/accessories for farm families. Man Made Text India 2012, 40(4), 128-30.

Present paper is an outcome of the research work carried out in All India Coordinated Research project on Empowerment of farm families to combat health hazards. Here Protective clothing/ accessories were designed, developed and field tested to assess their suitability and acceptability among farm families during field activities. For farm women three types of face masks i.e. beak mask, hood mask, scarf with mask and for farm men two types of masks i.e. cap with mask and hood with mask were developed along with both upper and lower garments. The findings revealed that most of the developed protective clothing/accessories were found highly suitable and acceptable among both farm men and women.

2 tables, ref

019922   Gangopadhyay U K;Rekha R;Shinde S (The Synthetic and Art Silk Mills Research Association, SASMIRA, Worli, Mumbai) : Application of supercritical fluid for textile dyeing: part-II. Man Made Text India 2012, 40(4), 135-9.

Discusses about the various evaluation and properties of fluids for textile dyeing.

7 tables, 7 ref

019921   Chinchwade S S;Kumar D (Textile Chemistry Dep, D.K.T.E. Society's Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, Dist- Kolhapur) : Coffee fibre: "drink it, wear it". Man Made Text India 2012, 40(4), 117-20.

The review article gives a glimpse of the origin of coffee fibres, major applications and advantages. This is a very new source of fibre and a lot of research on this is the need of the hear.

4 illus, 3 ref

017889   Yuvaraj D;Nayar R C (Textile Technology Dep, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, Email: yuvaraj@annauniv.edu) : Simple yarn hairiness measurement setup using image processing Techniques. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 331-6.

A simple imaging and processing technique for measuring yarn hairiness has been developed and the findings are compared with those obtained from the commercial testers. The results correlate well with the Zweigle hairiness meter and show higher hairiness value due to hair straightening. The method is found to be a promising one for use in the laboratory for research based investigations.

7 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

017888   Veerakumar A;Selvakumar N (Textile Technology Dep, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, Email: nselva@annauniv.edu) : Preliminary investigation on kapok/polypropylene nonwoven composite for sound absorption. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 385-8.

The use of kapok fibre with polypropylene fibre for the development of sound absorptive nonwoven materials has been explored. Three different blend ratios of kapok and polypropylene fibres, namely 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 have been used. The composites are characterized for their physical properties, namely thickness, density, porosity and sound absorption characteristics in the frequency range 250 - 2000 Hz. The values of sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient obtained indicate that the kapok fibre composites possess very good sound absorption behaviour in the entire frequency range. The uncompressed kapok/polypropylene nonwoven composite of 30:70 blend ratio with high bulk density and low porosity is found to give the best performance when used by providing air gap behind the composite.

1 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

017887   Tyagi G K;Shaw S (NO, Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Performance characteristics of viscose ring and air-jet spun yarns as a consequence of draw frame speed and its preparatory process. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 337-42.

Influence of high speed draw frame and its preparatory process variables on the performance potential of viscose ring and MJS yarns has been studied. The data indicate marked differences in the performance of the yarns produced with different card drafts and the yarns made with high card draft display poor structural integrity, low abrasion resistance and more hairiness than the yarns spun under identical conditions but with lower card draft. Increasing second nozzle pressure greatly enhances structural integrity, compressional resilience and abrasion resistance, but reduces compressional energy and hairiness. The magnitude of change in these characteristics, however, is highly dependent on the yarn linear density and card draft. High draw frame speed is imperative for air- jet spinning if adequate wrapper fibres are to be produced, and the best one will, in practice, depend on the spinning parameters used. The behaviour of MJS yarns is noticeably better in many respects.

4 tables, 12 ref

017886   Teli M D;Sheikh J;Mahalle K;Labade V (Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, I.C.T., N.P. Marg. Matunga, Mumbai, Email: md.teli@ictmumbai.edu.in) : Self & mixed shades of catechu and henna on cotton and silk using harda as a mordant. J Text Ass 2012, 73(1), 23-8.

From ancient times natural dyes are known, but they are again gaining increasing importance due to increase in awareness about sustainable environment protection and problems associated with synthetic dyes. Even though the natural dyeing has been advantageous in many ways over synthetic dyes, their limited availability of shades is hailed as one of the main limitations over synthetic dyes. Mixing of dyes to get desired shades is a common practice in case of synthetic dyes, which is however still not practiced as far as natural dyes are concerned. In the current study, the natural dyeing of cotton and silk was attempted using individual and mixed shades of catechu and henna using harda (Myrobalan) as a natural mordant. The pH sensitivity of these dyes was also screened. The various shades obtained were described in terms of colour values. The wide range of shades thus can be claimed in dyeing the compound shades of natural dyes and the issue of limited availability of shades can be overcome following this approach.

7 tables, 20 ref

017885   Suresh J;Gandhi R G R;Sundrarajan M (Industrial Chemistry Dep, School of Chemistry, Alagappa Univ, Karaikudi-630 003, Email: sundrarajan@yahoo.com) : Improve the dyeability on modified organic cotton with chitosan nanoparticles. Int J pure appl Chem 2012, 7(2), 97-101.

Modification of the fabric is one of the best routes to improve the affinity between dye and fabric. In this study, chemical modification of organic cotton fabric has been done by the greener way with the use of chitosan and nanochitosan. Chitosan is a kind of natural polysaccharide was prepared from crab shells. The prepared chitosan converted into nanochitosan by ultrasonification. Organic cotton is a variety which is grown and processed without using synthetic fertilizer and pesticides. The modification levels were measured by dyeing with two reactive dyes. The present work proved that considerable value of dye uptake was noticed in modified organic cotton using chitosan and nanochitosan. Due to the absorption of dyes by chitosan is mostly by electrostatic interactions and the larger surface area of chitosan nanoparticles. The above statements are proved by K/S values of dyed samples. By using XRD and debye scherrer's formula we predict the crystal size of the chitosan nanoparticles. The differences in surface morphology of the ordinary chitosan and nano chitosan treated organic fabrics were confirmed by SEM analysis. AFM studies show the 2D and 3D form of nano chitosan particles.

6 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

017884   Sumithra M;Vasugi Raaja N (Costume Design and Fashion Dep, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641 014, Email: mithrasumi6@rediffmail.com) : Micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation of denim fabrics with herbal extracts. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 321-5.

The present study focuses on the micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation to the 100 % cotton denim fabric using three herbal extracts of Ricinus communis, Senna auriculata and Euphorbia hirta to impart their antimicrobial efficiency by finishing the methanol extracts of these herbs on the denim fabric. The combinations of the herbal extract mix Ricinus communis + Senna auriculata + Euphorbia hirta (1:3:2) and the conditions used as per the AATCC 147 (20kgf/cm2 pressure and 20m/min rpm speed) for direct application to denim using exhaustion method give the best results in terms of antimicrobial efficiency. To enhance the durability of the finished fabric, micro-encapsulation and nano-encapsulation of the herbal extracts are performed and the results show good resistance for microbes even after 30 industrial washes against the test bacterial strains.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

017883   Rui-Hua Y;Wei-Mian W;Yu-Qin W;Hong-Bo W; Wei-Dong G;Chun-Ping Z;Shan-Yuan W (Key Laboratory of Sciences & Technology of Eco-textiles, Jiangnan Univrsity, Wuxi, China 214122, Email: yangrh@jiangnan.ed.cn) : Effect of filament pre-tension on the performance of solo-sirofil composite yarn. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 378-80.

In this study, solo-sirofil yarns under 5-30 cN filament pre-tension have been produced using modified EJM-128K ring spinning frame. The hairiness, breaking strength, breaking energy and yarn evenness have been tested under standard test conditions. It is observed that at 15 cN pre-tension of filament, solo-sirofil yarns show the best performance with lower hairiness, higher breaking strength & breaking energy, and better yarn evenness. The experimental results are helpful to understand the characteristics of the composite yarn produced by solo-sirofil system.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

017882   Ray S;Chatterjee B (NO, Government College of Engineering and Textile Technology, 12, William Carey Road, Serampore-712 201, Email: raysuchi@yahoo.co.in) : Review on auto coner winding package defects and probable remedies. J Text Ass 2012, 73(1), 5-9.

Since globalization, market has become more competitive. In today's competitive market the customers are becoming more and more sensitive regarding quality. Therefore, every parameter regarding yarn and package quality is of prime importance and must be met out in closest tolerance. In spite of producing best quality yarn, defects generated during winding operation will make the quality yarn as unacceptable to the customer. So, it has become most essential for quality yarn producers to prevent occurrences of any kind of winding package defects. Here we have tried to highlight the sources and remedial measures for winding package defects, practiced in the yarn manufacturing industry.

9 illus, 2 ref

017881   Raja D;Kouhik C V;Ramakrishnan G (Fishion Technology Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem-636 005, Email: rajaslm@gmail.com) : Horizontal liquid spreading behaviour of hybrid yarn woven fabric using embedded image analysis principle. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 381-4.

A new technique based on the principle of embedded image processing has been used to measure the horizontal water spread in textile fabric as a function of time. Horizontal water spread areas of different fabrics with different yarn counts are observed for doubled yarn produced from ring, compact and ring/compact combinations. It is found that the doubled yarn count and doubling combinations influence the liquid spread behaviour in the fabric.

^ssc6 illus, 9 ref

017880   Prarekh N M;Maheria K C (Applied Chemistry Dep, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat-395 007, Email: maheria@gmail.com) : Colorimetric studies of heterocyclic monoazo dyes on various fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 372-7.

A series of heterocyclic monoazo quinazolinone based heterocyclic monoazo dyes derived by the diazotization of 3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with various phenyl pyrazolones based coupling components has been studied. These dyes give mostly yellow shades. All the heterocyclic monoazo dyes have been characterized by their % yield, UV-VIS spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and dyeing performance on silk, wool, nylon, and polyester fibres. The percentage dye bath exhaustion on different fibres is found to be reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres show moderate to very good light fastness and good to excellent washing and rub fastness properties. Spectral properties and colorimetric data (L^*, a^*, b^*, C^*, H^*, K/S) have also been investigated.

4 tables, 22 ref

017879   Parthiban M;Thilagavathi G (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: parthi_mtech@yahoo.com) : Effect of plasma treatment on coloration & antibacterial activity of silk fabric using natural fungal extract. J Text Ass 2012, 73(1), 18-22.

Study aims to evaluate the commercial potentiality for improving the dye ability of natural extract on silk fabric by using low temperature plasma treatment. The fungal pigments were extracted from the species of thermomyces, purified and characterized using UV-Vis and FTIR spectra and used for dyeing process. The method is to modify the conventional dyeing process using plasma pretreatment by varying the treatment time on silk fabric before dyeing with natural fungal extract and to analyze the parameters like K/S, wash fastness, rubbing fastness, light fastness and bacterial reduction (%). The results showed that the plasma pretreated samples brings better fixation levels, improvement in fastness properties and; imparts good antibacterial activity for the dyed silk fabric which was dyed using natural fungal extract at optimum conditions of 60° C, 30 min at a pH of 3. It was also inferred that the plasma treated samples does not showed any influence with increase in the treatment time.

2 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

017878   Mohanraj S;Vanathi P;Sowbarniga N;Saravanan D (Textile - Fashion Technology Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: dhapathe2001@rediffmail.com) : Antimicrobial effectiveness of Vitex negundo leaf extracts. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 389-92.

Methanol and water extracts of the leaves obtained from Vitex negundo plant have been applied on to the textile materials and its antimicrobial effectiveness is assessed against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Extracts of Vitex negundo leaves show antimicrobial efficacy even after multiple washes of the samples and, against perspirations of both acidic and alkaline pH values without any significant increase in the fabric stiffness. Samples treated by exhaustion method exhibit the bactericidal effect while microcapsules treated samples exhibit the bacteriostat effect. The extracts of leaves can potentially be used for controlling the proliferation of microbes and for finishing of fabrics for antimicrobial effectiveness.

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

017877   Mitra A;Majumdar A;Majumdar P K;Banerjee D (Shilpa-Sadana Dep, Viswa-Bharati University, Sriniketan-731 236, Email: majumdar@textile.iitd.ac.in) : Comparative analysis of regression and ANN models for predicting drape coefficient of handloom fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 313-20.

This paper reports a comparative analysis of two modeling methodologies for the prediction of drape coefficient of handloom cotton fabrics. Four primary fabric constructional parameters, namely ends per inch, picks per inch, warp count, weft count and fabric areal density (g/m²) have been used as inputs for artificial neural network (ANN) and regression models. The prediction performance of both the models is found to be good as the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.9 and mean absolute error is less than 2.5%. However, ANN models are better than the regression models both in terms of correlation coefficient and mean absolute error. The importance of fabric parameters on drape coefficient has also been analysed by the developed ANN and regression models. The ranking of fabric parameters given by ANN and regression models are found to be in good agreement.

3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

017876   Mhetre S B;Karadbhajne A K (NO, , Textile Technology Dep, Textile & Engineering Institute, Email: archu.lande@gmail.com) : Effect of weaves & weft counts on comfort properties of PV blended suiting fabrics. J Text Ass 2012, 73(1), 10-7.

Effect of weaves & weft counts on the thermal comfort and tactile properties of polyester viscose blended fabrics have been studied by measuring the low stress mechanical properties on Kawabata Evaluation System. The thermal comfort has been studied by measuring the air permeability, thermal insulation & moisture vapour transfer properties of fabrics. The tactile properties have been studied by measuring the fabric mechanical & surface properties such as tensile, shear, bending, compression, surface roughness, surface friction and handle. The study shows that, KOSHI (stiffness) values are higher for 2/1 twill woven fabrics, NUMERI (smoothness) and FUKURAMI (fullness & softness) values are higher for 2/2 twill & 5 end satin, thus giving higher Total Hand Value (THV). Plain woven fabrics gives lower KOSHI, NUMERI & FUKURAMI, thus lower THV. Irrespective of the weave, fabrics woven using finer yarns helped in improving the surface smoothness. The air resistance is more for twill and satin woven fabrics. The air permeability & moisture transport rate is more for plain woven fabrics. Thermal insulation values are higher for 2/2 twill woven fabrics.

5 tables, 19 ref

017875   Khatoon J;Vasumathi B V;Basu A (NO, Central Silk Technological Research Institute, BTM Layout, Bangalore-560 068, Email: arindambasu_dr@yahoo.co.in) : Torsional rigidity of mulberry and non-mulberry silks. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 353-7.

The ability of silk yarns to take up twist without deterioration has been studied in terms of breaking twist angle. The study has brought to focus certain important aspects with regard to the torsional rigidity and the brittleness of silk yarns. It is observed that the brittleness of bivoltine is significantly higher than that of multibivoltine. The denier of raw silk has a significant bearing on its brittleness. Coarser deniers exhibit higher brittleness in the case of both multibivoltine and bivoltine. It is also observed that the brittleness of non-mulberry silk is significantly different from that of mulberry silk for a given denier. Muga has the lowest brittleness, tasar is next lower and mulberry raw silk has the highest brittleness. Thus, non-mulberry silks have a better ability to take twists without being affected.

2 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

017874   Kashyap R;Ojha S;Soni J (Garment Production & Export Management Dep, ICG-The IIS Univ, Gurukul Marg, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Email: ojha.sulekha@gmail.com) : Value addition of the products through traditional Danka craft of Udaipur. J Text Ass 2012, 73(1), 35-40.

Design has an important role in economic and social change that does not stop at creating a new or better product. Design plays an important role in encouraging environmentally sustainable and economically viable model of craft activity and help in the empowerment of marginalized groups, especially in cases where income generation, social mobilization and community rehabilitation is needed. Designers acts as an interface between tradition and contemoprisation, helping match craft production to the needs of modernity. The present study deals with product development through Danka craft of Udaipur and to study the acceptability of value added products.

5 illus, 7 tables, 5 ref

017873   Joshi R N (Textile Technology Dep, SGGS Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nanded, Email: rnjoshitextile@yahoo.co.in) : Efficiency and productivity analysis of the Indian garment industry during MFA phase-out and post period. J Text Ass 2012, 73(1), 29-34.

Recent globalization scenario has put a lot of pressure on the garment manufacturers to produce garments with a competitive price by increasing the productivity. In this scenario, they have to evaluate their performance continuously and compare with the benchmarks. Generally, the numbers of garments produced per operator and per machine are used as productivity measures. As these measures do not consider all input-output bundles together, the linear programming based Data Envelopment Analysis technique, which takes into account the weighted sum of all outputs and inputs to measure the efficiency and productivity of any decision-making entity, has been applied to estimate the productivity and efficiency of the Indian garment companies during Multi Fibre Agreement phase out and post period.

5 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

017872   Jebatin Rajwin A;Giridev V R;Renukadevi M (Textile Technology Dep, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, Email: jebastin_tex@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of yarn twist on mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced composite rods. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 343-6.

Effect of twist of glass yarns on the tensile, flexural and interfacial shear properties of composites has been studied. The glass fibre reinforced composite rods have been prepared by hand pultrusion technique with various twist levels. It is found that with the increase in twist level in yarns, the tensile, flexural and interfacial shear strength properties of the composites increase upto 0.25 TPI, 1.0 TPI and 0.75 TPI respectively, followed by decrease in the properties of the composites.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

017871   Ismal O E;Yildrum L (Faculty of Fine Arts, Textile and Fashion Design Dep, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey, Email: ozlenen.ismal@deu.edu.tr) : Almond shell as a natural colorant. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 358-63.

Outer green of almond l has been used to extract natural dye for dyeing of wool, using different mordants such as iron (II) sulfate, copper (II) sulfate and potassium dichromate. Exhaust dyeing method has been applied using premordanting and simultaneous mordanting of fibres. It is observed that wool fibres can be dyed in different colours and depth of shades with almond shell dye. Control sample dyed without mordant shows light fastness of 2-3 and good wash fastness of 4-5 (bleeding) and 3 (colour change). Various colours have been obtained without mordant or by using quite lower amount of metallic mordant such as 0.8 % owf (0.16 g/L) and 2 % owf (0.4 g/L). All the samples exhibit satisfactory bleeding and colour change values. Iron (II) sulfate ensures the best light fastness. Improved light fastness is obtained using above-mentioned lower amounts of iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate. Potassium dichromate is found to be less effective than iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate on the light fastness. Burgundy-reddish shades which are rare in natural dyes have been obtained using this mordant. As a novel alternative and potential natural dye, almond shell extract can be used to get various colours and shades with satisfactory fastness properties.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

017870   Edwin Sunder A;Nalankilli G (Textile Processing Dep, SSM Polytechnic College, Komarapalayam-638 183, Email: aedwinsunder69@gmail.com) : Polyfunctional finishes on cotton textiles. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 164-71.

The present study is aimed at imparting polyfunctional finishes on 100% cotton fabrics using polycarboxylic acids (PCAs) that are capable of crosslinking with cellulose. Polycarboxylic acids, such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid, have been selected and applied in single and in combinations on 100% cotton fabrics using pad- dry- cure process. PCAs treated samples are then tested for functional properties as per international standards. The crease recovery behaviour of these samples has been found to improve almost to the same extent and in some cases more than that of resin treated control sample. However, the strength loss is found to be lower for polycarboxylic acids treated samples. Flexural rigidity is also recorded very low. Soil release properties are improved by this treatment to attain the maximum grade of 5 from grade 3 for untreated sample. Reduction in dimensional changes is found negligible. Formation of ester crosslinks between cellulose and polycarboxylic acids has been confirmed through FTIR spectroscopic studies. It is found that the PCAs selected for the study could impart multiple functional properties on cotton. When applied in single, maleic acid and itaconic acid provide better results than the other two PCAs, whereas in combination, citric acid with other PCAs provides synergic effect in imparting functional properties.

5 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

017869   Bo Z (NO, College of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, Zhengzhou, 450007, P R China, Email: zhaobohenan@sina.com) : Production of polypropylene melt blown nonwoven fabrics: Part II - effect of process parameters. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2012, 37(4), 326-30.

The effects of processing parameters on the fibre diameter and the web weight unevenness of melt blowing nonwovens fabrics produced by dual slot inset sharp die have been investigated. It is observed that the effects of processing parameters on fibre diameter and web weight unevenness are not similar. The results show that the web weight unevenness increases with the increases in polymer throughput rate and accessory air pressure; the web weight unevenness decreases initially and then increases with the increase in air initial pressure and die-to-collector distance. The fibre diameter decreases with the increases in air initial pressure and accessory air pressure and reductions in air initial pressure; the fibre diameter decreases initially and then increases with the increase in die-to-collector distance. It is concluded that the polymer throughput rate, accessory air pressure, air initial pressure and die-to-collector distance are the key factors in controlling the web weight unevenness of melt blowing nonwoven, and the lower polymer throughput rate, larger air initial pressure, larger accessory air pressure and die-to-collector distance will be of benefit to produce finer fibre diameter.

4 illus, 7 ref

017868   Bhatti I A;Adeel S;Rehamn F U;Shahzadi L;Naz S (Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, Agriculture Univ, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Email: shahidadeelchemist@gmail.com) : Effect of gamma radiation on the colour strength & fastness properties of cotton fabric dyed with pomegranate (Punica grantum) rind powder as natural dye. Int J pure appl Chem 2012, 7(2), 145-9.

Pomegranate (Punica grantum) rind powder was used as natural colourant for dyeing using gamma irradiated and un-irradiated cotton fabric. Both the powder and the fabric were irradiated to different gamma ray absorbed doses using Co-60 gamma irradiator in order to observe the effect of radiation treatment on the colour strength of dyed fabrics. The data colour report was used for the evaluation of un-irradiated and irradiated dyed cotton using spectra Flash SF- 650 in CIE Lab system. Pre and post-mordanting was also carried out using chrome alum, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, and stannous chloride as mordants. It was found that gamma irradiation has a potential to improve the fastness properties as well as colour strength of irradiated fabric using pomegranate rind powder as a source of natural dye.

5 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

016850   Mokrejs P;Krejci O;Svoboda P (Faculty of Technology, Polymeric Engineering Dep, Tomas Bata Univ, Nam. TGM 275, 762 72 Zlin, The Czech Republic, Email: gmokrejs@ft.utb.cz) : Producing keratin hydrolysates from sheep. Oriental J Chem 2011, 24(4), 1303-9.

Manuscript describes producing keratin hydrolysate from sheep wool through two-stage technology whose principle consists in first having wool proc essed in an alkaline environment during the first stage, and then effecting hydr olysis in the second stage through the action of proteolytic enzyme. Experiments were planned in accordance with factor schemes of 2<^>3 types in which facto rs under study were influence of first stage hydrolysis duration (6-24 hours), d uration of hydrolysis second stage (6-24 hours) and quantity of added proteolyti c enzyme (1-5<37>) on quantity of decomposed wool.

3 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

016849   Kulkarni A A;Mahale G;Kariyappa (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Rural Home Science, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: geetmahal@rediffmail.com) : Physical properties of developed viscose rayon and eri silk union fabrics. Karnataka J agric Sci 2011, 24(4), 506-9.

Attempt was made to develop union fabrics using viscose rayon as warp with esri silk of three different yarn counts viz., 2/40s, 2/60s and 2/80s as weft on a semi automatic power loom. Further, the newly designed union fabrics were evaluated for physical properties and comparisons were made on the performance between different sets of union fabrics. Viscose rayon x eri silk of 2/40s (VRE1) showed highest tensile strength both in warp and weft directions. The control sample, Viscose Rayon x Viscose Rayon (VR) showed highest elongation percentage. Viscose rayon x eri silk of 2/40s (VRE1) union fabric exhibited highest resistance to abrasion. Overall the results indicated that Viscose rayon x eri silk of 2/40s exhibited better performance than other sets of fabric.

8 tables, 3 ref

015853   Sujata;Vastrad J V (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, College of RHSC, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005) : Patchwork quilt value added products- Consumer acceptance. Karnataka J agric Sci 2011, 24(2), 265-7.

015852   Singh R K (Chemistry Dep, J.P. University, Jagdam College, Chapra-841 301, Email: rks_jpujc@yahoo.co.in) : Inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel in the pulp and paper industry. J Metall Mater Sci 2011, 53(4), 411-18.

Equipment used in pulp and paper industry is mostly made of mild steel. Sulphuric acid used during manufacturing of paper in different operations makes the environment corrosive leading to several types of corrosion like galvanic, pitting, stress, cracking, embitterment, blistering etc. To check such types of corrosion organic inhibitors are taken like cyclohexamethylenediamin and cyclohexamethylenediamine N, N-dimethyldiamine. The corrosion rate is studied at different concentrations and temperatures. Gravimetric (Weight loss Experiment) and potentiostatic polarization equipments are applied for experimental work. The above mentioned inhibitors exhibited good inhibition efficiency and surface coverage area at low and high temperatures.

015851   Devinder Kaur;Grewal N (Clothing and Texstiles Dep, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana) : Whiteness index and intensity profile of selected essential oils on cotton fabric. J Res Punjab Agric Univ 2010, 47(3-4), 182-4.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of concentration of four different microencapsulated essential oils namely lemon and pine on the intensity profile of woven and eucalyptus and jasmine on knitted cotton fabrics. The CIE LAB values of the treated substrates revealed that the essential oils led to a slight yellowness of the substrate, the maximum being with eucalyptus oil (87.85). Further, an increase in the concentration of essential oils, from 25 to 35 and 45 per cent led to an increase in the moisture absorption. The effect was more pronounced in knitted substrates, 27.82 per cent at 45 per cent in comparison to the woven ones, i.e. (14.86 per cent at 45 %) after 10 launder-o-meter washings. Pine oil (2.40) held the maximum fragrance, followed by jasmine (2.20) and eucalyptus oils (1.10). Lemon oil showed minimum intensity rating of 1.90 after 10 washes.

4 tables, 4 ref

013785   Muthukumar N;Thilagavathi G (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: n.muthu78@yahoo.co.in) : Development and charcterization of electrically conductive polyaniline coated fabrics. Indian J chem Technol 2012, 19(6), 434-41.

Electrically conductive cotton, polyester and nylon fabrics have been prepared from conductive polyaniline (PANI) polymer by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulphate as the oxidant by a process of diffusion polymerization in a mixed bath. These fabrics are then characterized by ATR-FT1R, WAXD, SEM and DSC. The tensile strength, stiffness and electrical and electromagnetic measurements of the fabric samples are also studied. The structural studies show that the crystalline region of cotton, polyester and nylon is not affected by the polyaniline and the inter

11 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

012814   Shinde K P;Thorat P R (Biotechnology Dep, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur, Maharashtra, Email: kanya_shinde@yahoo.com) : Biodecolorization of diazo dye direct red 28 by Aspergillus aculeatus TSF-05. Bionano Front 2013, 6(1), 45-9.

Azo dyes represent the largest class of synthetic organic colorants listed in the colour index. Many synthetic dyes arc

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

012813   Shertate R S;Thorat P R (P.G. Microbiology and Research Center Dep, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi-413 411, Email: rshertate@gmail.com) : Decolorization and biodegradation of acid yellow-25 BY Marinobacter bryozoorum AY-17. Bionano Front 2013, 6(1), 40-4.

Variety of synthetic dyestuffs released by the textile industry pose a threat to environmental safety. Azo dyes account for the majority of all dyestuffs, produced because they are extensively used in the textile industries. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes under certain environmental conditions has gained importance as a method of treatment, as these are inexpensive, eco-friendly. Decolorization and degradation of Acid Yellow-25 was carried out using the acclimatized Marinobacter bryozoorum AY-17 (Acc. No. HE956775) isolated from natural marine environment. The isolate was able to decolorize 10,000 μg/ml of the dye at 12% salt concentration in 24 hours. The decolorization of the dye Acid Yellow-25 in 24 hours was upto 85.00% in nutrient broth having 12% salinity and 83.55% in half strength nutrient broth at pH-7.0 and temperature 37 °C. From the results it can be concluded that, the isolate could decolorize the dye very effectively. The percent decolorization of the dye was studied by cell-free extract and was observed that the isolate could decolorize the dye upto 83.00% in 24 hours. Percent decolorization of the dye was determined by spectrophotometer at 392 nm (Amax). The strain not only decolorized the dye but also reduced the dyes COD by 80.00%. So, the organism can prove better option for bioremediation of different textile dyes in marine environment. The FTIR analysis report showed that the dye was degraded by the isolate Marinobacter bryozoorum AY-17.

3 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

014871   Biyik H;Basbulbul G;Kalyoncu F;Kalmis E; Oryasin E (Adnan Menderes Univ, Faculty of Science and Arts, Biology Dep, Aydin, 09100, Turkey, Email: faithkalyoncu@hotmail.com) : Biological decolorization of textile dyes from isolated microfungi. J envir Biol 2012, 33(3), 667-71.

In this study, biological decolorization

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

011752   Rai B;Gulshan Kumar;Tyagi V;Diwan R K;Niyogi U K;Khandal R K (Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19 Road Univ, Delhi, Email: rkdiwan@shriraminstitute.org) : Effect of fiber content on physico-mechanical properties of Euphorbia coagulum/banana fiber composite. J Polym Mater 2011, 28(1), 129-38.

Composites comprise of two materials, binder and the reinforcing agent. Binder act as stress distributor and reinforcing agent as the load bearer, and used for structural and load bearing applications due to their high strength. Presently in the available composites both the binder and the reinforcing fibers are synthetic or one of them is natural. In the present study we had developed composite using both the materials, binder and reinforcing agents derived from natural source i.e. natural material. C

9 illus, 13 ref

011751   Patrick A;Nisha J;SivaPatham N;Soundararajan S;Palanivelu K;Nayak S (NO, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Guindy, Chennai-600 032, Email: bssrajan@yahoo.co.in) : Studies on mechanical, thermal, physical properties and characterisation of nanocomposites of nylon 6-ABS blends. J Polym Mater 2011, 28(1), 37-47.

Nanocomposites of Nylon 6-ABS(30%) with Cloisite 20A were blended using high speed mixinglbag mixing and then by twin screw extruder. The effect on the addition of 2% of compatibilizer, styrene acrylonitrile coploymerized with maleic anhydride(SANMA) to the blend was studied and compared with the properties of nanocomposites (1 %, 3%, 5%, 7%) blends. The samples were characterized by tensile strength, thermal properties and morphologies by SEM and XRD. Processing the blends with Nanoclay and 2% SANMA improved the mechanical properties. There was an increase in properties at higher temperature and higher pressure and the incorporation of30%ABS with 1%, 3%, 5% & 7% of nanoclay reduced the water absorption and increased the impact strength of the nanocomposite blends than that of Nylon 6. At 1% nanoclay the izod impact strength was increased by about 73% than that of nylon 6 and about 58% higher than that of Nylon 6-ABS (30%) blend. Nano clay improves impact strength with optimum mechanical properties.

4 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref

011750   Patil H R;Parikh P A;Murthy Z V P (Chemical Engineering Dep, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat-395 007, Email: zvpm2000@yahoo.com) : Nucleating agemts derived from natural resources: study on polypropylene nucleation and crystallization. J Polym Mater 2011, 28(1), 15-32.

Nucleating agents derived from naturally occuring aliphatic fatty acids where n=8, 10,12,14] were studied for polypropylene nucleation and crystallization. It was observed that chain length of nucleating agent influence the crystallization temperature (Tc) of polypropylene. Sodium salt of capric acid (n=8) exhibited highest increase in crystallization temperature (Tc) by 3.8 °C compared to other aliphatic acids (n=10,12,14). Cation (sodium, magnesium and calcium) of aliphatic fatty acid salt also affect morphology of salt as well as nucleating efficiency of polypropylene. The synthesized nucleating agents were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR data indicated shifting of <62>C-0 stretching frequency from 1700-1710 cm^-1 to 1560 cm^-1 due to formation of the sodium salt of fatty acids. Nonisothermal kinetics study by modified Avrami approach further confirmed the improvement in crystallization half time (t_1/2)and rate constant (k_t) for polypropylene (PP) nucleated by sodium salt of capric acid compared to polypropylene without nucleating agents.

6 illus, 6 tables, 16 ref

011749   Joshi L K;Deshmukh M S;Dewhmukh P T;Burghate D K;Shilaskar S N (NO, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, Email: sharma.lakshmi0@gmail.com) : Optical band gap in polyaniline doped PVC-PS blend. J Polym Mater 2011, 28(1), 93-100.

The polyblend of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS), in the weight ratio 5: 1were prepared by using 1.25 gm of PVC and 0.25 gm of PS. Polyaniline (PANI) has been used as dopant and with 0.5 %, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% of the total weight of the two polymers, five samples were prepared. The amorphousnature in all samples were observed from XRD. On the basis of optical absorbance and transmittance measurements at normal incidence of light in the wavelength range 500- 1000 nm, the absorption coefficient (α), optical energy gap (E_opt), refractive index (n₀, optical dielectric constant (ε' ∞), constant (B) and ratio of carrier concentration to the effective mass(N/m*) have been reported for polyaniline doped PVC-PS blend. The effect of doping percentage of polyaniline on these separameters have been discussed. The behaviour of all the optical parameters were found to be non-linear.

5 illus, 33 ref

011748   Gupta D C;Tank R;Pathak U (NO, Defence R&D Establishment Jhansin Road, Gwalior-474 002, Email: guptadc53@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene supported N-chloro reagents for decontamination of chemical warfare agents. J Polym Mater 2011, 28(1), 111-28.

Polystyrene supported N-chloro reagents N-chloro amide /sulfonamide /Cyanamide poly (styrene DVB) have been synthesized using amino methyl polystyrene containg 2% divinyl benzene as starting material. These polymeric reagents have been characterized by FTIR, Raman spectra, fuctional group loading and active chlorine contents. Efficacy of these reagents as decontamination agents against Sulfur Mustard, a chemical warfare agent and its simulants have been evaluated. Decontamination reaction of Sulfur Mustard and its simulants 2-chloro ethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) was monitored by gas chromatography (GC). Nontoxic products were obtained as a result of decontamination and identified by FTIR, GC-Mass and NMR spectra. Among the polystyrene supported N-chloro reagents studied, N-chloro-4 nitro benzamide poly (styrene D VB) was found to be most effective decontaminating agent for sulfur mustard.

4 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

011747   Archana;Gupta D C (NO, Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474 002, Email: guptadc53@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of macroporous acrylonitrile-dimethacrylates copolymer beads. J Polym Mater 2011, 28(1), 101-9.

Macroporous acrylonitrile-dimethacrylates copolymer beads were synthesized by suspension copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with each of dimcthacrylates namely ethylene glycol dimethacrylatc (EGDMA), Bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BADMA), butanedioldimethacrylate (BDDMA) and neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate (NGDMA) usingAIBN as initiator and starch as suspending agent in water at 70°C under nitrogen atmosphere and under optimized conditions. These copolymer beads were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, apparent density, thermal gravimetric analysis and %swelling. Effect of diluent on surface area of AN-EGDMA copolymer was also investigated by surface area measurements. Formation of macroporous structure due to incorporation of diluents was also confirmed by increased % swelling, BET surface area and surface morphology were studies using scanning electron microscopy.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref